Structure

Abstract

To ensure fire resistance while preventing damage to a fire-resistant board and an exterior material at joints between a framework constructed by wooden vertical and horizontal members and the wooden panel fitted into it.SOLUTION: A structure 100 comprises a framework 130 constructed with a wooden column 110 and a wooden beam 120, a wooden panel 140 fitted into its opening, a firer-resistant board 150 attached to the framework 130 and one side of the panel 140, and an exterior material 160 attached to its surface. The fire-resistant board 150 and the exterior material 160 are divided at each joint of the column 110, the beam 120, and the panel 140. In addition, a fire-resistant fiber material 170 is filled in joints between the framework 130 and the panel 140, and a fire-resistant joint material 180 and sealing material 190 are filled in joints that form divided points of the fire-resistant board 150 and the exterior material 160 in this order, from its innermost part to an opening end.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a structural body that constitutes an exterior wall of a wooden building. [Background technology]

[0002] As described in JP 2004-278212 A (Patent Document 1), a wall structure for a wooden building has been proposed in which rectangular panels are fitted into a rectangular frame constructed of wooden columns and beams. When a horizontal force due to an earthquake, typhoon, or the like acts on the wooden building, this type of wall structure undergoes parallelogram-like deformation, and as a result, the panel comes into contact with the frame and is able to resist the horizontal force. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2004-278212 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] When constructing the exterior wall of a fire-resistant wooden building using such a wall structure, it is conceivable to laminate at least one layer of fire-resistant board and exterior material in that order on the exterior surface of the wall structure. However, when a horizontal force acts on the frame and parallelogram-like deformation occurs, the fire-resistant board and exterior material may be damaged at the joints (joints) between the frame and the panel, which may impair the fire resistance.

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a structure that can ensure fire resistance while preventing damage to fire-resistant boards and exterior materials at the joints between a frame constructed of wooden vertical members and wooden horizontal members and a wooden panel fitted into the frame. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The structure includes a frame having a rectangular opening constructed of wooden vertical members and wooden horizontal members, a wooden panel fitted into the opening of the frame, a fireproof plate attached to one surface of the frame and the panel fitted into the opening, which is determined by the axial direction of the vertical members and the axial direction of the horizontal members, and an exterior material attached to the surface of the fireproof plate. The fireproof plate and the exterior material are divided at each joint of the vertical members, the horizontal members, and the panel. In addition, a fireproof fiber material is filled in the joint between the frame and the panel, and a fireproof joint material and a sealant are filled in the joint forming the division part of the fireproof plate and the exterior material, in that order, from the innermost part toward the open end. Effect of the Invention

[0007] According to the present invention, fire resistance can be ensured while preventing damage to fireproof boards and exterior materials at the joints between a structure constructed of wooden vertical members and wooden horizontal members and a wooden panel fitted thereto. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an example of a structure. [Diagram 2] 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 11 is a plan view showing another example of a structural body. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing an example of a main part of a structure. [Diagram 5] This is an explanatory diagram of how parallelogram-like deformation occurs in the frame. [Figure 6] FIG. 13 is a plan view showing a modified example of the panel. [Figure 7] FIG. 11 is a plan view showing another modified example of the panel. [Figure 8] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing another modified example of the panel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0009] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 and 2 show an example of a structure 100 constituting an exterior wall of a wooden building. The structure 100 described below is merely one example of this embodiment, and should not be construed as being limited to this configuration. Therefore, it goes without saying that a person skilled in the art of this technical field can make appropriate modifications within the scope of the technical idea of ​​this embodiment, taking into account his or her own experience, knowledge, technical common sense, etc.

[0010] The structure 100 comprises a frame 130 having a rectangular opening constructed by a pair of wooden pillars 110 and a pair of wooden beams 120, a wooden panel 140 fitted into the opening of the frame 130, a fire-resistant board 150 attached to one side of the frame 130 and the panel 140, and an exterior material 160 attached to the surface of the fire-resistant board 150.

[0011] The pillars 110 and the beams 120 are made of, for example, solid wood or laminated wood. Using known joining techniques or metal joints, the lower ends of the pair of pillars 110 are firmly fixed to a foundation (not shown), and both ends of the pair of beams 120 are firmly fixed to the middle parts of the foundation, thereby constructing the frame 130. Here, the pillars 110 are given as an example of a vertical member, and the beams 120 are given as an example of a horizontal member. Note that the frame 130 shown in FIG. 1 is a pillar-based frame, but it may also be a beam-based frame as shown in FIG. 3.

[0012] The panel 140 is made of, for example, orthogonal laminated timber (CLT) having a rectangular shape in plan view, and has a dimension that allows it to be fitted into the opening of the frame 130 with a joint of a predetermined dimension (for example, 50 mm) between them. Here, the predetermined dimension of the joint can be appropriately determined in consideration of the relative displacement that may occur in the column 110, the beam 120, and the panel 140 when a horizontal force such as an earthquake acts on the frame 130 and causes a quadrilateral deformation. The panel 140 is fitted and fixed into the opening of the frame 130 using a well-known joining technique or joining metal. The plate thickness of the panel 140 can be, for example, approximately the same as the dimension of the column 110 of the frame 130 into which it is fitted. In this way, the joint between the frame 130 and the panel 140 becomes flush, making it easier to attach the fireproof plate material 150 and the exterior material 160 thereto.

[0013] The fireproof plate 150 is fixed to one surface of the frame 130 and the panel 140 fitted into the opening thereof, specifically, to the outer surface of the two surfaces defined by the material axis direction of the column 110 and the material axis direction of the beam 120, which is disposed on the outdoor side of the wooden building, by, for example, adhesive or staples. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the fireproof plate 150 may include an underlay fireproof plate 150A disposed on the frame 130 and panel 140 side, and an overlay fireproof plate 150B disposed on the surface of the underlay fireproof plate 150A. Here, the underlay fireproof plate 150A and the overlay fireproof plate 150B may be, for example, waterproof reinforced gypsum boards, considering that the outer surface of the wooden building is exposed to rain and the like. The thicknesses of the underlay fireproof plate 150A and the overlay fireproof plate 150B may be the same or different. The fire-resistant plate 150 is not limited to the above-mentioned two-layer structure, and may be formed of two or more layers depending on the fire resistance required for the structure 100, for example.

[0014] The exterior material 160 is made of, for example, aerated lightweight concrete (ALC) or siding, and is attached to the surface (outer surface) of the fireproof plate material 150 using known joining techniques and joining metal fittings.

[0015] Incidentally, when a horizontal force such as an earthquake acts on the frame 130 having a rectangular opening, a parallelogram-like deformation occurs in the frame 130 as shown in Fig. 5, which results in relative displacement at the joints (joints) between the column 110, the beam 120, and the panel 140. If the relative displacement becomes large enough, stress beyond the allowable limit will be generated in the fireproof plate material 150 and the exterior material 160 attached to the frame 130 and the panel 140, causing damage, and there is a concern that the fire resistance of the structure 100 will decrease.

[0016] 2, in this embodiment, the fireproof plate 150 and the exterior material 160 are divided at the joints between the frame 130 and the panel 140, that is, at the joints of the column 110, the beam 120, and the panel 140. Here, a joint of a predetermined dimension (for example, 25 mm) is provided at the division points of the fireproof plate 150 and the exterior material 160. Therefore, by dividing the fireproof plate 150 and the exterior material 160 in this manner, even if a horizontal force acts on the frame 130 and causes parallelogram deformation, the fireproof plate 150 and the exterior material 160 move in accordance with the relative displacement of the column 110, the beam 120, and the panel 140, and damage thereto can be suppressed.

[0017] In addition, since the joints as described above are provided at the joints between the frame 130 and the panel 140 and at the division points of the fire-resistant plate material 150 and the exterior material 160, it is necessary to ensure the fire resistance of these areas.

[0018] Therefore, in this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, a fire-resistant fiber material 170 is filled in the joints between the frame 130 constructed by the columns 110 and the beams 120 and the panel 140. Here, the fire-resistant fiber material 170 may be, for example, rock wool or glass wool, which has excellent heat insulation performance, heat resistance performance, and sound absorption performance. Note that rock wool is more suitable as the fire-resistant fiber material 170 because it is more resistant to water and moisture than glass wool and can withstand higher temperatures than glass wool, but even widely used glass wool can exhibit sufficient performance.

[0019] On the other hand, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4, the fireproof joint material 180 and the sealant 190 are filled in this order at the division points of the fireproof plate material 150 and the exterior material 160 from the innermost part of the joint at the division point to the open end. Specifically, the open end of the joint of the exterior material 160 is formed into a stepped inclined surface 160A as shown in Fig. 4. Here, the stepped inclined surface 160A is formed into an inclined surface 160A1 in which the open end of the exterior material 160 extends obliquely (in other words, it is chamfered), and the inner part of the stepped inclined surface 160A is formed into a stepped surface 160A2 that is rectangular in plan view and extends parallel to the joint. Then, the fireproof joint material 180 is filled from the innermost part of the joint to just below the stepped surface 160A2 of the exterior material 160, and the sealant 190 is filled in the upper layer (outer layer) thereof.

[0020] As the fire-resistant joint material 180, for example, alkaline earth silicate wool (AES wool) can be used. Alkaline earth silicate wool is an artificial mineral fiber insulation material whose main components are silica, calcia, and magnesia and which is molded into any shape. Alkaline earth silicate wool has the advantages of not only excellent heat resistance but also excellent impact resistance, being lightweight and easy to handle.

[0021] As the sealant 190, for example, a two-component polyurethane sealant or a two-component modified silicone sealant can be used. A two-component polyurethane sealant or a two-component modified silicone sealant is a sealant having weather resistance, durability, adhesiveness, good application quality, and conformability, and is widely used in buildings. Here, the two-component sealant is a mixed reaction curing type sealant in which the base material and the curing agent react and cure, and although a two-liquid caulking gun or mixer is required compared to the one-component type, it has the advantage of being easy to control the curing speed.

[0022] According to this structure 100, when a horizontal force such as an earthquake acts on the frame 130 constructed of the columns 110 and beams 120, the frame 130 undergoes a parallelogram-like deformation as described above (see FIG. 5). Here, the fireproof plate 150 and the exterior material 160 attached to one side of the frame 130 and the panel 140 fitted into its opening are divided at each joint of the columns 110, 120 and the panel 140 that construct the frame 130. Therefore, even if relative displacement occurs in the columns 110, beams 120 and panel 140, the divided members move accordingly, so that damage to the fireproof plate 150 and the exterior material 160 can be avoided.

[0023] In addition, since the fire-resistant fiber material 170 is filled in the joints between the column 110 or the beam 120 and the panel 140, the fire-resistant fiber material 170 elastically deforms to follow any relative displacement that occurs among the column 110, the beam 120, and the panel 140. This prevents gaps from occurring in the joints between the column 110, the beam 120, and the panel 140, and allows the fire-resistant performance to be maintained.

[0024] Furthermore, the fireproof joint material 180 and the sealant 190 are filled in layers in this order at the divided portions of the fireproof plate 150 and the exterior material 160 from the innermost portion toward the open end. Therefore, even if a parallelogram-like deformation occurs in the frame 130 and the width of the joints of the divided fireproof plate 150 and the exterior material 160 changes, the fireproof joint material 180 and the sealant 190 can elastically deform to follow and maintain fire resistance. Here, the sealant 190 is filled in the stepped surface 160A2 at the innermost portion of the stepped inclined surface 160A formed at the open end of the exterior material 160, and therefore can exhibit excellent adhesion to the exterior material 160 through an increase in the contact area with the exterior material 160.

[0025] In order to confirm the fire resistance of the structure 100 thus constructed, a heating test was carried out on a test specimen under the following conditions.

[0026] A 150 mm thick cross-laminated timber CLT was used as a test specimen simulating the columns 110, beams 120, and panels 140. A 21 mm thick underlayment water-resistant reinforced gypsum board was used as the two-layer fireproof board 150, and a 15 mm thick water-resistant reinforced gypsum board was also used. The cross-laminated timber CLT was divided into multiple pieces with a joint width of 50 mm, and the joints were filled with a 50 mm thick, 80 kg / m 3 The fireproof board material 150 and the exterior material 160 were divided into multiple pieces with a joint width of 25 mm at the division points of the cross-laminated timber CLT, and alkaline earth silicate wool was filled as fireproof joint material 180 from the innermost part of the joint to a depth of 62 mm, and sealing material 190 was filled for a distance of 15 mm from that point.

[0027] The heating conditions were set to 2 hours according to the standard heating temperature curve specified in ISO834, and the test specimen was heated in a small wall furnace. Temperature measurements were continued for 6 hours after the end of heating, and once it was confirmed that all the temperature measurements of the test specimen were showing a downward trend, the test specimen was dismantled and observed. As a result, it was confirmed that the surface of the cross-laminated timber CLT had not discolored and no carbonization had occurred.

[0028] Therefore, it can be understood that the structure 100 according to this embodiment can exhibit excellent fire resistance performance for the joints of each member.

[0029] The panel 140 fitted into the opening of the frame 130 constructed by the columns 110 and the beams 120 is not limited to one panel as shown in Fig. 1, but may be composed of multiple panels (two panels in the illustrated example) as shown in Fig. 6 depending on the size of the frame 130. In this case, it is sufficient that the fire-resistant fiber material 170 is filled in the joints of each panel 140. Note that the panels 140 may be arranged not only horizontally as shown in Fig. 6, but also vertically in multiple panels, or horizontally and vertically in multiple panels. These panels 140 can be connected using known joining techniques and metal joints.

[0030] The panel 140 is not limited to a configuration made of cross-laminated timber (CLT), and may have a configuration as shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8. That is, the panel 140 includes a pair of horizontal wooden beams 140A extending horizontally, a plurality of vertical wooden beams 140B connecting both ends and the middle part (three places in the illustrated example) of the pair of horizontal beams 140A, and a pair of wooden surface beams 140C. The surface beams 140C are attached to both sides of the frame constructed by the pair of horizontal beams 140A and the pair of vertical beams 140B with adhesive, staples, or the like. In addition, the rectangular parallelepiped space defined by the horizontal beams 140A, the vertical beams 140B, and the surface beams 140C is filled with fireproof fiber material 140D such as rock wool or glass wool to ensure heat insulation, fire resistance, and sound insulation.

[0031] Such panels 140 are lighter than solid cross-laminated timber (CLT), making it possible to reduce the weight of the structure 100. Reducing the weight of the structure 100 reduces the load on other frameworks that support it, improving the durability of wooden buildings.

[0032] Furthermore, a person skilled in the art will easily understand that new embodiments can be created by omitting parts of the technical ideas of the various above-mentioned embodiments, combining parts of them appropriately, or replacing parts of them with well-known technology. [Explanation of symbols]

[0033] 100...Structure 110...Column (vertical member) 120...Beam (horizontal member) 130...Frame 140…Panel 150…Fireproof board material 150A… Underlayment fireproof board (gypsum board) 150B…Fireproof board covering (gypsum board) 160…Exterior material 160A…Stepped slope 160A2…Stepped surface 170...Fire-resistant fiber material 180…Fireproof joint material 190…Sealant

Claims

1. A frame having a rectangular opening constructed of wooden vertical members and wooden horizontal members; A wooden panel fitted into the opening of the frame; A fireproof plate material attached to one surface of the frame and a panel fitted into the opening of the frame, the fireproof plate material being defined by the material axis direction of the vertical member and the material axis direction of the horizontal member; An exterior material attached to a surface of the fireproof plate; Equipped with The fireproof plate and the exterior material are divided at each joint of the vertical member, the horizontal member, and the panel, A fire-resistant fiber material is filled in the joint between the frame and the panel, The fireproof joint material and the sealant are filled in this order into the joint that forms the division portion of the fireproof plate material and the exterior material from the innermost part of the joint to the open end, structure.

2. The joints forming the division points of the fireproof plate material and the exterior material are narrower than the joints of the vertical members, the horizontal members, and the panels. The structure of claim 1.

3. The open end of the joint of the exterior material is formed on a stepped inclined surface, The sealing material is filled at least on the stepped surface of the stepped inclined surface. The structure of claim 1.

4. The fireproof board is made of at least one layer of gypsum board. The structure of claim 1.

5. The fire-resistant fiber material is made of rock wool or glass wool. The structure of claim 1.

6. The fireproof joint material is made of alkaline earth silicate wool. The structure of claim 1.

7. The sealant is a two-component polyurethane sealant or a two-component modified silicone sealant. The structure of claim 1.

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