Liquid-crystalline medium

Abstract

To provide liquid-crystalline media.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to liquid-crystalline (LC) media or LC materials and to energy saving liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) containing these media, especially to gaming displays and AR / VR headsets addressed by an active matrix and in particular to LC displays of the TN, PS-TN, STN, TN-TFT, OCB, IPS, PS-IPS, FFS, HB-FFS, XB-FFS, PS-FFS, SA-HB-FFS, SA-XB-FFS, polymer stabilized SA-HB-FFS, polymer stabilized SA-XB-FFS, positive VA or positive PS-VA type.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to liquid crystal (LC) media and to energy-saving liquid crystal displays (LCDs) comprising these media, in particular active-matrix addressed high-contrast gaming displays and AR / VR headsets, and in particular to LC displays of the TN, PS-TN, STN, TN-TFT, OCB, IPS, PS-IPS, FFS, HB-FFS, XB-FFS, PS-FFS, SA-HB-FFS, SA-XB-FFS, polymer-stabilized SA-HB-FFS, polymer-stabilized SA-XB-FFS, positive VA or positive PS-VA type. In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium has positive dielectric anisotropy. [Background technology]

[0002] Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are used in many fields to display information. LCDs are used in both direct-view and projection displays. Electro-optical modes used include, for example, twisted nematic (TN), super twisted nematic (STN), optically compensated bend (OCB), and electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) modes, along with their various modifications. All of these modes utilize an electric field generated substantially perpendicular to the substrates and LC layer.

[0003] In addition to these modes, there are also electro-optical modes that utilize an electric field substantially parallel to the substrates and the LC layer. For example, WO 91 / 10936 (Patent Document 1) discloses LC displays in which the electric signal is generated so that the electric field has a component parallel to the LC layer, and these have since become known as in-plane switching (IPS) displays. The operating principle of such displays is described, for example, in RA Soref, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 45, No. 12, pp. 5466-5468 (1974) (Non-Patent Document 1).

[0004] IPS displays contain an LC layer between two planarly arranged substrates, with two electrodes located on only one of the substrates, preferably in an interdigitated configuration. When a voltage is applied to the electrodes, an electric field is generated between the electrodes with a significant component parallel to the LC layer, which causes a reorientation of the LC molecules in the plane of the layer.

[0005] EP 0 588 568 A1 discloses, for example, various possibilities for designing electrodes and addressing IPS displays. DE 198 24 137 A1 likewise describes various embodiments of such IPS displays.

[0006] Liquid crystal materials for this type of IPS display are described, for example, in DE 195 28 104 A1.

[0007] Furthermore, so-called "fringe-field switching" (FFS) displays have been reported (see, in particular, SH Jung et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 43, No. 3, 2004, p. 1028 (Non-Patent Document 2)), which comprise two electrodes on the same substrate, one of which is structured like a comb and the other unstructured. This generates strong so-called "fringe fields", i.e., a strong electric field near the edge of the electrode and an electric field with both a strong vertical component and a strong horizontal component throughout the cell. FFS displays have a small viewing angle dependence of their contrast. FFS displays typically comprise an LC medium with positive dielectric anisotropy and an alignment layer, usually a polyimide, which provides a planar alignment to the molecules of the LC medium.

[0008] IPS and FFS electro-optical mode liquid crystal displays are particularly suitable for use in modern desktop monitors, television sets, and multimedia applications.The LC medium according to the present invention is preferably used in this type of display.FFS displays generally use dielectrically positive LC media with rather low values ​​of dielectric anisotropy, but in some cases LC media with only about 3 or less dielectric anisotropy are also used in IPS displays.

[0009] Further improvements have been achieved with the HB-FFS mode, which, in contrast to conventional FFS technology, allows for higher transmission and allows the panel to operate with less energy consumption.

[0010] Another recently developed mode is the XB-FFS mode, in which the LC medium additionally contains polar liquid crystal compounds with low dielectric anisotropy.

[0011] Liquid crystal compositions suitable for LCDs, particularly FFS and IPS displays, are known, for example, from JP 07-181439 A (Patent Document 5), EP 0 667 555 B (Patent Document 6), EP 0 673 986 B (Patent Document 7), DE 195 09 410 B (Patent Document 8), DE 195 28 106 B (Patent Document 9), and DE 195 28 107 B (Patent Document 10). However, these compositions have certain drawbacks. Among other defects, most of them result in undesirably long address times, have inadequate values ​​of resistivity, and / or require excessively high operating voltages. Herein, improvements are needed in both operating characteristics and shelf life.

[0012] FFS and IPS displays can be operated as active-matrix displays (AMD) or passive-matrix displays (PMD). In the case of active-matrix displays, individual pixels are typically addressed by integrated non-linear active elements such as thin-film transistors (TFT), while in the case of passive-matrix displays, individual pixels are typically addressed by multiplexing methods as known from the prior art.

[0013] Displays according to the invention are preferably addressed by active matrix, preferably by a matrix of TFTs, but the LC media according to the invention can also be used to advantage in displays with other known addressing means.

[0014] Typical applications of IPS and FFS technologies are monitors, laptops, televisions, mobile phones, tablet PCs, etc. Both IPS and FFS technologies have certain advantages over other LCD technologies, such as vertical alignment (VA) technology, such as a wide viewing angle dependence of contrast.

[0015] The provision of further LC media and their use in displays with high transmittance, good black state and high contrast ratio is a central issue for modern FFS and IPS applications. In addition, modern applications also require good low temperature stability and fast address times.

[0016] Until now, high contrast ratios, e.g., high elastic constants K and K av However, it has not been possible to design a suitable LC medium with low-temperature stability and a short response time. Therefore, the overall image quality of such devices still needs further improvement. In order to achieve a fast switching speed, especially in the field of gaming applications, other parameters related to image quality have often been sacrificed. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0017] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 91 / 10936 [Patent Document 2] European Patent No. 0 588 568 [Patent Document 3] DE 198 24 137 A1 [Patent Document 4] DE 195 28 104 A1 [Patent Document 5] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 07-181439 [Patent Document 6] European Patent No. 0 667 555 [Patent Document 7] European Patent No. 0 673 986 [Patent Document 8] German Patent No. 195 09 410 [Patent Document 9] German Patent No. 195 28 106 [Patent Document 10] German Patent No. 195 28 107 [Non-patent literature]

[0018] [Non-Patent Document 1] RA Soref, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 45, No. 12, pp. 5466-5468 (1974) [Non-patent document 2] SHJung et al., Jpn.J.Appl.Phys., Volume 43, No. 3, 2004, Page 1028 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0019] The present invention aims to provide LC media with a high average elastic constant Kav and a relatively low birefringence Δn, combined with a low response time parameter (γ1 / K1) and a low rotational viscosity, particularly for energy-saving gaming FFS and IPS displays and AR / VR headsets, but also for TN, positive VA, or STN displays, especially active-matrix displays such as those addressed by TFTs. In addition, they must have high resistivity, low threshold voltage, high dielectric anisotropy, good low-temperature stability (LTS), fast response times, and allow for high brightness. For FFS displays, further optimization of response time, contrast, brightness, and reliability is required. However, it has been found that prior art LC materials often fail to simultaneously achieve all of these requirements.

[0020] Surprisingly, the above technical problem has been solved by providing an LC medium as described and claimed hereinafter. [Means for solving the problem]

[0021] Surprisingly, LC media according to the invention comprising a combination of compounds of the formulae G and U exhibit high average elastic constants K av It has been found that these compounds exhibit several notable improvements, such as a low response time parameter (γ1 / K1) and good solubility in combination with a low rotational viscosity, allowing for fast response times. The compounds of formula G and U are known per se in the prior art.

[0022] [ka]

[0023] wherein the individual substituents are as defined in claim 1.

[0024] In addition, the LC media according to the invention have a high clearing point, excellent low temperature stability (LTS) and provide the best moving image quality and improved overall image quality, especially high contrast. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] The present invention relates to an LC medium, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds of the formula G and one or more compounds of the formula U

[0026] [ka]

[0027] In the formula, the individual substituents, which are the same or different at each occurrence, each have the following meaning independently of one another: R 1 , R 4 and R 5are each independently an H atom, a halogen atom, -CN, -SCN, -NCS, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 12 C atoms, or an alkenyl or alkenyloxy group having 2 to 12 C atoms (in which one or more non-adjacent CH groups are connected in such a way that O atoms are not directly linked to each other, such as -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, [ka] -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen atoms), or a cycloalkyl or cycloalkoxy group having 3 to 12 C atoms (in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen atoms), R 2 is an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 12 C atoms or an alkenyl or alkenyloxy group having 2 to 12 C atoms, in which one or more non-adjacent CH groups are not directly linked to O atoms, and are selected from the group consisting of -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, [ka] -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by a cycloalkyl or cycloalkoxy group having 3 to 12 C atoms, R 3 and R 6 are each independently an H atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 C atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 3 C atoms, in which one or more non-adjacent CH groups may be replaced by -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO- in such a way that the O atoms are not directly linked to one another, A 1 , A 2 , A 3 and A 4each independently represent phenylene-1,4-diyl (with the proviso that in addition, one or two CH groups may be replaced by N and one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen, CN, CH3, CHF2, CH2F, CF3, OCH3, OCHF2 or OCF3), cyclohexane-1,4-diyl (with the proviso that in addition, one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced independently by O and / or S and one or more H atoms may be replaced by F), cyclohexene-1,4-diyl, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 and Z 4 represent, independently of one another, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -C2O-, -OCH2-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -C2H4-, -C2F4-, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -CFHCFH-, -CFHCH2-, -CH2CFH-, -CF2CFH-, -CFHCF2-, -CH=CH-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CF-, -C≡C- or a single bond; k, l, m, and n each independently represent 0, 1, 2, or 3.

[0028] The LC medium according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in energy-saving LC displays for gaming and AR / VR headsets in FFS, HB-FFS, XB-FFS and IPS modes based on dielectrically positive liquid crystals and their polymer-stabilized modifications.

[0029] The invention further relates to the use of an LC medium as described above and below for electro-optical purposes, in particular in LC displays, shutter glasses, LC windows, 3D applications, preferably in TN, PS-TN, STN, TN-TFT, OCB, IPS, PS-IPS, FFS, HB-FFS, XB-FFS, PS-HB-FFS, PS-XB-FFS, SA-HB-FFS, SA-XB-FFS, polymer stabilized SA-HB-FFS, polymer stabilized SA-XB-FFS, positive VA and positive PS-VA displays, very preferably in FFS, HB-FFS, IPS, PS-HB-FFS and PS-IPS displays.

[0030] The present invention further relates to electro-optical LC displays comprising an LC medium as described above and below, in particular TN, PS-TN, STN, TN-TFT, OCB, IPS, PS-IPS, FFS, HB-FFS, XB-FFS, PS-HB-FFS, PS-XB-FFS, SA-HB-FFS, SA-XB-FFS, polymer-stabilized SA-HB-FFS, polymer-stabilized SA-XB-FFS, positive-VA or positive-PS-VA displays, preferably FFS, HB-FFS, IPS, PS-HB-FFS or PS-IPS displays.

[0031] In this application, all atoms also include their isotopes. In some embodiments, one or more hydrogen atoms (H) may be replaced with deuterium (D), with higher deuteration enabling or simplifying analytical determination of the compound, especially at low concentrations.

[0032] In formulas G and U, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 or R 6When R represents an alkyl and / or alkoxy group, it may be linear or branched. It is preferably linear and has 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 C atoms, and preferably represents ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy or hexyloxy, further methyl, methoxy. 0 preferably represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms.

[0033] Oxaalkyl preferably denotes straight-chain 2-oxapropyl (=methoxymethyl), 2-(=ethoxymethyl) or 3-oxabutyl (=2-methoxyethyl), 2-, 3- or 4-oxapentyl, 2-, 3-, 4- or 5-oxahexyl.

[0034] R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 or R 6 When represents an alkoxy or oxaalkyl group, it may also contain one or more additional oxygen atoms, provided that the oxygen atoms are not directly linked to one another.

[0035] In another preferred embodiment, one or more R 1 , R 2 , R 4 or R 5 teeth, [ka] -S 1 -F, -OS 1 -F, -O-S1-O-S2 (in the formula, S 1 is C 1~12 -Alkylene or C 2~12 -alkenylene, and S 2 is H, C 1~12 -Alkyl or C 2~12 -alkenyl), and very preferably one or more R 1 , R 2 , R4 or R 5 teeth, [ka] Selected from the group consisting of: -OCH2OCH3, -O(CH2)2OCH3, -O(CH2)3OCH3, -O(CH2)4OCH3, -O(CH2)2F, -O(CH2)3F, -O(CH2)4F.

[0036] R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 or R 6 If represents an alkenyl group, this may be linear or branched. It is preferably linear and has 2 to 10 C atoms. It therefore stands in particular for vinyl, prop-1- or -2-enyl, but-1-, -2- or -3-enyl, pent-1-, -2-, -3- or -4-enyl, hex-1-, -2-, -3-, -4- or -5-enyl, hept-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5- or -6-enyl, oct-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6- or -7-enyl, non-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6-, -7- or -8-enyl, dec-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6-, -7-, -8- or -9-enyl.

[0037] R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 or R 6 When is an alkyl or alkenyl group at least monosubstituted with a halogen, the group is preferably linear and the halogen is preferably F or Cl. In the case of polysubstitution, the halogen is preferably F. The resulting group also includes perfluoro groups. In the case of monosubstitution, the fluorine or chlorine substituent may be in any desired position, but is preferably in the ω-position.

[0038] A in formula G 1 and A 2and A in formula U 3 and A 4 particularly preferably denotes phenylene-1,4-diyl which may be mono- or polysubstituted by F, furthermore cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, cyclohexenylene-1,4-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl.

[0039] A in Formula G and Formula U 1 and A 3 is particularly preferably [ka] Represents.

[0040] In the formula, L 1 and L 2 represents halogen, CF3 or CN, preferably F.

[0041] A 1 and A 3 is preferably unsubstituted 1,4-phenylene.

[0042] Z in formula G 1 and Z 2 and Z in the formula U 3 and Z 4 particularly preferably represents -CF2O-, -OCF2- or a single bond, with a single bond being most preferred.

[0043] R 1 , R 4 and R 5 Further preferred are compounds of the formulae G and U, wherein each independently of one another denotes H or alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having up to 8, preferably up to 5, C atoms, each of which radicals may be substituted with halogen, in particular F.

[0044] Particularly preferred groups R in formulae G and U 1 , R 4 and R 5represents alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or alkoxy having up to 12, preferably up to 8, C atoms, each of which may be substituted by halogen, in particular F, particularly preferably H, F, alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl having up to 8 C atoms. Preferably the group R 1 and R 2 and R 4 and R 5 is not H, particularly preferably at least one of the groups R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 None of the R groups are represented by H atoms. 1 and R 4 is particularly preferably equal to alkyl. Very particularly preferably R 1 and R 4 is alkyl. R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 R each independently very particularly preferably represents unbranched alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms. 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 represents a substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkynyl, two groups R 1 and R 2 or R 4 and R 5 The total number of C atoms in each is preferably less than 10.

[0045] Preferred groups R in formulae G and U 3 and R 6 denotes an H atom or an alkyl or alkenyl group having up to 3 C atoms. Very particularly preferably R 3 and R 6 is a methyl group or an H atom.

[0046] Preferred alkyl groups are for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl and n-octyl.

[0047] Preferred alkenyl groups are for example ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl and pentenyl.

[0048] Preferred alkynyl groups are for example ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, heptynyl and octynyl.

[0049] Preferred alkoxy groups are for example methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, n-butoxy, n-pentoxy, n-hexoxy, n-heptoxy, n-octoxy.

[0050] Halogen preferably represents F or Cl, with F being most preferred.

[0051] Particularly preferred compounds of formulae G and U are those selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0052] [ka]

[0053] [ka]

[0054] [ka]

[0055] [ka]

[0056] In the formula, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 or R 6has the meanings indicated in the general formulas G and U. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the compounds of formula G and U are selected from structures G-1 and U-1, with the most preferred being the combination of compounds described by formula G-1 and U-1.

[0057] Particularly preferred compounds of general formulae G and U are as follows:

[0058] [ka]

[0059] [ka]

[0060] [ka]

[0061] In the formula, n and m each independently represent 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12.

[0062] Most preferred compounds of formula G especially include one or more of the following:

[0063] [ka]

[0064] [ka]

[0065] [ka]

[0066] In a further preferred embodiment, compounds of formula G below can be used:

[0067] [ka]

[0068] [ka]

[0069] [ka]

[0070] In a further preferred embodiment, compounds of formula U below can be used:

[0071] [ka]

[0072] [ka]

[0073] [ka]

[0074] [ka]

[0075] Compounds of formula G and U are known to those skilled in the art and can be prepared analogously to methods described in standard works of organic chemistry such as, for example, Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart.

[0076] Proportion ω of compounds of formula G or preferably of its sub-formula G-1-1 in the LC medium Gis preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, very preferably 1 to 15% by weight, most preferably 2 to 10% by weight. The proportion ω of compounds of formula U or preferably of their sub-formula U-1-1 in the LC medium U is preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, very preferably 1 to 15% by weight, most preferably 2 to 10% by weight. Furthermore, the proportion ω of the compound of formula G in the LC medium G is typically the proportion ω of the compound of formula U in the LC medium U In a particularly preferred embodiment, ω G ≧1.5×ω U , and even more preferably ω G ≧2.0×ω U The cumulative proportion of compounds of formula G and U in the LC medium (ω G +ω U ) is preferably 2.0 to 30%, very preferably 2 to 30%, most preferably 5 to 20% by weight.

[0077] <Additional Components> In one embodiment the LC medium may additionally comprise one or more compounds selected from the following formulae II and III:

[0078] [ka]

[0079] In the formulae, the individual substituents, independently of one another, have the following meanings, which may be the same or different at each occurrence: [ka] [ka]

[0080] During the ceremony, R 0 is R in formula G 1 has one of the meanings given to X 0are independently F, Cl, a halogenated alkyl group, a halogenated alkenyl group, a halogenated alkoxy group or a halogenated alkenyloxy group having up to 6 C atoms, L 1~8 are independently H, F or Cl, and Y 0 is H or CH3.

[0081] Preferred compounds of formula II and III are 0 is H.

[0082] Further preferred compounds of formula II and III are those in which R 0 denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl, and X 0 denotes F, CF3 or OCF3, furthermore OCF=CF2, OCHFCF3 or Cl, very preferably F.

[0083] In a preferred embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula II selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0084] [ka]

[0085] [ka]

[0086] In the formula, R 0 and X 0 has the meaning given in formula II.

[0087] Preferred compounds are those of formulae II-1, II-2 and II-3, very preferably those of formulae II-1 and II-2.

[0088] In the compounds of formula II-1 to II-7, R0 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl, and X 0 represents F, CF3 or OCF3, furthermore OCF=CF2, OCHFCF3 or Cl, very preferably F.

[0089] In one embodiment the LC medium is Y 0

[0047] The LC medium according to this preferred embodiment comprises one or more compounds of formula II or their sub-formulae as described above and below, wherein is CH3. Very preferably, the LC medium according to this preferred embodiment comprises one or more compounds of formula II selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0090] [ka]

[0091] [ka]

[0092] In the formula, R 0 and X 0 has the meaning given in formula II.

[0093] Preferred compounds are those of formula IIA-1, IIA-2 and IIA-3, very preferably those of formula IIA-1 and IIA-2.

[0094] In the compounds of formulas IIA-1 to IIA-7, R 0 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl, and X 0 represents F, CF3 or OCF3, furthermore OCF=CF2, OCHFCF3 or Cl, very preferably F.

[0095] The proportion of compounds of formula II in the LC medium is typically 0-20% by weight, very preferably 1-15% by weight, most preferably 2-10% by weight.

[0096] In a further preferred embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0097] [ka]

[0098] [ka]

[0099] [ka]

[0100] [ka]

[0101] [ka]

[0102] In the formula, R 0 and X 0 has the meaning given in formula II.

[0103] Preferred compounds are of formula III-1, III-4, III-6, III-16, III-19 and III-20.

[0104] In the compounds of formulae III-1 to III-21, R 0 denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl, and X 0represents F, CF3 or OCF3, furthermore OCF=CF2, OCHFCF3 or Cl, very preferably F, and Y 0 preferably represents H.

[0105] The LC medium is Y 0 is CH3. Highly preferably, the medium according to this preferred embodiment comprises one or more compounds of formula III selected from the following sub-formulas:

[0106] [ka]

[0107] [ka]

[0108] [ka]

[0109] [ka]

[0110] In the formula, R 0 and X 0 has the meaning given in formula III.

[0111] Preferred compounds are of formula IIIA-1, IIIA-4, IIIA-6, IIIA-16, IIIA-19 and IIIA-20.

[0112] In the compounds of formulae IIIA-1 to IIIA-21, R 0 represents alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl, and X 0represents F, CF3 or OCF3, furthermore OCF=CF2, OCHFCF3 or Cl, very preferably F.

[0113] The proportion of compounds of formula III in the LC medium is preferably 5-60% by weight, very preferably 10-50% by weight, most preferably 20-40% by weight.

[0114] In a further preferred embodiment the LC medium may additionally comprise one or more compounds selected from the following formulae:

[0115] [ka]

[0116] During the ceremony, R 0 , X 0 , L 1~4 and Y 0 has the meaning indicated in formulas II and III, Z 0 represents -C2H4-, -(CH2)4-, -CH=CH-, -CF=CF-, -C2F4-, --CH2CF2-, -CF2CH2-, -C2O-, -OCH2-, -COO-, -CF2O- or -OCF2-, and in formulas V and VI also a single bond, s represents 0 or 1.

[0117] Compounds of formula IV are preferably selected from the following formulae:

[0118] [ka]

[0119] In the formula, R 0 and X 0 has the meaning indicated in formulas II and III.

[0120] R 0preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl. X 0 preferably represents F or OCF3, furthermore OCF=CF2, OCHFCF3 or Cl.

[0121] The compounds of formula IVa are preferably represented by the following sub-formula:

[0122] [ka]

[0123] The compounds of formula IVb are preferably represented by the following sub-formula:

[0124] [ka]

[0125] The compounds of formula IVc are preferably represented by the following sub-formula:

[0126] [ka]

[0127] In the formula, R 0 has the meaning given in formula II and is preferably alkyl with 1 to 6 C atoms or cycloalkyl with 3 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl.

[0128] In the LC media according to the invention, the compound(s) of the formula IVc, in particular of the formula IVc1, are preferably employed in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably 2 to 15% by weight.

[0129] The compounds of formula V are preferably selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0130] [ka]

[0131] [ka]

[0132] In the formula, R 0 and X 0 has the meaning indicated in formula II.

[0133] R 0 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl. X 0 preferably represents F or OCF3, furthermore OCHF2, CF3, OCF=CF2, OCHFCF3 and OCH=CF2.

[0134] Compounds of formula VI are preferably selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0135] [ka]

[0136] In the formula, R 0 and X 0 has the meaning indicated in formula II.

[0137] R 0 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl. X 0 preferably represents F, furthermore OCF3, CF3, CF=CF2, OCHF2, OCHFCF3 and OCH=CF2.

[0138] Compounds of formula VII are preferably selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0139] [ka]

[0140] In the formula, R 0 and X 0 has the meaning given above in formula II.

[0141] R 0 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl. X 0 preferably represents F, furthermore OCF3, OCHF2, OCHFCF3 and OCH=CF2.

[0142] In some embodiments the LC medium additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the following formulae:

[0143] [ka]

[0144] During the ceremony, R 0 and X 0 each independently of one another has one of the meanings given in formula II, L 1~4 each independently represents H or F, Y 0 represents H or CH3, preferably H, X 0 is preferably F, Cl, CF3, OCF3 or OCHF2, OCF=CF2, OCHFCF3, R 0 preferably denotes alkyl, alkoxy, oxaalkyl, cycloalkyl, fluoroalkyl or alkenyl, each having up to 6 C atoms.

[0145] Very preferably, the LC medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of the formula XXa.

[0146] [ka]

[0147] In the formula, R 0 denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl, and X 0 R represents F, CF, OCF, furthermore OCF=CF, OCHFCF or Cl, very preferably F. 0 has the meaning indicated in formula LP1. 0 preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl, in particular ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl and n-pentyl, very particularly preferably n-propyl.

[0148] The compound(s) of the formula XX, in particular of the formula XXa, are preferably used in the LC media according to the invention in an amount of 0 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 10% by weight.

[0149] Very preferably, the LC medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of the formula XXIa.

[0150] [ka]

[0151] In the formula, R 0 R denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl. 0 preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl, in particular ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl and n-pentyl, very particularly preferably n-propyl.

[0152] The compound(s) of the formula XXI, in particular of the formula XXIa, are preferably used in the LC media according to the invention in an amount of 1 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably 2 to 10% by weight.

[0153] More preferably, the LC medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of the formula XXIIIa

[0154] [ka]

[0155] In the formula, R 0 represents alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 carbon atoms. 0 preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl, in particular ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl and n-pentyl, very particularly preferably n-propyl or cycloalkyl, in particular cyclopentyl.

[0156] Preferred specific compounds of formula XXIIIa include, in particular

[0157] [ka] Examples include:

[0158] The compound(s) of the formula XXIII, in particular of the formula XXIIIa, are preferably used in the LC media according to the invention in an amount of 0.5 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.5 to 2% by weight.

[0159] The LC medium may additionally comprise one or more compounds of formula XXIV.

[0160] [ka]

[0161] In the formula, R 0 , X 0 and L 1~6 has the meaning indicated in formula III, s represents 0 or 1, [ka] Represents.

[0162] In formula XXIV, X 0 may also represent an alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms. The alkyl or alkoxy group is preferably linear.

[0163] R 0 preferably represents alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms. 0 preferably represents F.

[0164] The compounds of formula XXIV are preferably selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0165] [ka]

[0166] [ka]

[0167] In the formula, R 0 , X 0 and L 1 has the meaning indicated in formula III. 0 preferably represents alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms. 0 preferably denotes F, L 1 is preferably F.

[0168] [ka]

[0169] R 0 is a straight-chain alkyl or alkenyl having 2 to 6 C atoms.

[0170] The LC medium may further comprise one or more compounds of the following formulae:

[0171] [ka]

[0172] In the formula, R 1 and X 0 is R in formula II 0 and X 0 R 1 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl. X 0 preferably represents F, CF3 or OCF3, furthermore OCF=CF2, OCHFCF3 or Cl, very preferably F. In formula XXIV, X 0 very particularly preferably denotes Cl.

[0173] The LC medium may further comprise one or more compounds of the following formulae:

[0174] [ka]

[0175] During the ceremony, [ka] and R respectively 1 , X 0 and Y 0 is R in formula II 0 , X 0 and Y 0 R 1 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl. X 0 preferably represents F, CF3 or OCF3, furthermore OCF=CF2, OCHFCF3 or Cl, very preferably F, and Y 0 preferably denotes H. The LC media according to the invention particularly preferably comprise 0 preferably represents F.

[0176] The compound(s) of the formulae XXVII to XXX are used in the LC media according to the invention in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 15% by weight. Particularly preferred LC media comprise at least one compound of the formula XXIX and / or the formula XXX.

[0177] Very preferably, the LC medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of the formula XXIXa or XXXa.

[0178] [ka]

[0179] In the formula, R 1 and Y 0 is R in formula II 0 and Y 0 and preferably R 1 denotes alkyl with 1 to 6 C atoms or cycloalkyl with 3 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl.

[0180] The compound(s) of the formula XXIXa and / or XXXa are preferably used in the LC media according to the invention in an amount of 1 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably 2 to 10% by weight.

[0181] The LC medium may further comprise one or more of the following pyrimidine or pyridine compounds of the following formulae:

[0182] [ka]

[0183] In the formula, R 1 , X 0 and Y 0 is R in formula II 0 , X 0 and Y 0R 1 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl, propyl, butyl or pentyl. X 0 preferably represents F, CF3 or OCF3, furthermore OCF=CF2, OCHFCF3 or Cl, very preferably F, and Y 0 preferably denotes H. The LC media according to the invention particularly preferably comprise 0 preferably denotes F. The compound(s) of the formulae XXXI-1 to XXXI-3 may be employed in the LC media according to the invention in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 15% by weight.

[0184] Preferably, in addition to the compounds of the formulae G and U and optionally II and / or III, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the following formulae:

[0185] [ka]

[0186] [ka]

[0187] During the ceremony, "Alkyl" and "alkyl * " each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, "alkenyl" and "alkenyl * " each independently represent alkenyl having 2 to 6 C atoms.

[0188] Compounds of formula Z1 and Z2 are highly preferred.

[0189] Preferred compounds of formulae Z1 to Z6 are those selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0190] [ka]

[0191] [ka]

[0192] [ka]

[0193] In another preferred embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula Z1 or the preferred sub-formulae thereof and / or one or more compounds selected from formulae Z2, Z3, Z4 and Z5 or the preferred sub-formulae thereof.

[0194] Preferably, the total proportion of compounds of formulae Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5 and Z6 or their subformulae CC-3-V in the medium is 10 to 65% by weight, very preferably 20 to 60% by weight, most preferably 25 to 55% by weight. In an even more preferred embodiment, compounds of formula Z1-1 are used in a concentration range of 10 to 60% by weight, more preferably 25 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the LC medium. In a further preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises a total of 50 to 70% by weight of compounds of formulae Z1-1 and Z4-2.

[0195] Preferably the medium comprises one, two or three compounds selected from formulae Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 or sub-formulae thereof.

[0196] The LC medium may additionally comprise one or more compounds of the following general formula:

[0197] [ka]

[0198] In the formula, R 1and R 2 are each independently of each other, C 1~6 -Alkyl, C 1~6 -alkoxy or C 2~6 - represents alkynyl.

[0199] Compounds of formula XII are preferably selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0200] [ka]

[0201] In the formula, "alkyl" and "alkyl * " each independently represent methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl.

[0202] Compounds of formula XIIa and XIIc are particularly preferred. In formula XIIb, "alkyl" is preferably, independently of each other, n-C3H7, n-C4H9 or n-C5H 11 , especially n-C3H7. In formula XIIc, "alkyl" preferably represents n-C3H7, and "alkyl" is preferably CH3 or n-C3H7.

[0203] Particularly preferred compounds of formula XII are depicted by the following structure:

[0204] [ka]

[0205] The LC medium may additionally comprise one or more compounds selected from the following formulae:

[0206] [ka]

[0207] In the formula, L 1 and L 2 has the meaning given in formula III, R1 and R 2 each independently of one another denotes n-alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, oxaalkyl, fluoroalkyl or alkenyl, each having up to 6 C atoms, preferably each independently of one another denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms; in compounds of formula XIV at least one substituent R 1 and R 2 preferably denotes alkenyl having 2 to 6 C atoms.

[0208] The LC medium further comprises at least one substituent R 1 and R 2 represents alkenyl having 2 to 6 C atoms, preferably those selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0209] [ka]

[0210] In the formula, "alkyl" and "alkyl * " have the meaning given above and each independently of one another preferably denote methyl, ethyl or propyl.

[0211] Compounds of formula XIV are preferably selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0212] [ka]

[0213] Compounds of formula XIVd-1, XIVe-1, XIVe-2 and XIVe-3 are highly preferred.

[0214] The LC medium may further comprise a substituent R 1 and R 2 may comprise one or more compounds of formula XV, at least one of which represents alkyl or alkoxy having 2 to 6 C atoms, preferably those selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0215] [ka]

[0216] In the formula, "alkyl" and "alkyl * " have the meaning given above and each independently of one another preferably denote methyl, ethyl or propyl.

[0217] In a still further embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula XVI.

[0218] [ka]

[0219] In the formula, R 1 and R 2 is R in formula II 0 and preferably each independently represents alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. L represents H or F.

[0220] Particularly preferred compounds of formula XVI are those of the following subformula:

[0221] [ka]

[0222] During the ceremony, "Alkyl" and "alkyl * " each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, in particular ethyl, propyl or pentyl, and "alkenyl" and "alkenyl * " each independently represent a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, in particular a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, in particular CH2=CHC2H4, CH3CH=CHC2H4, CH2=CH and CH3CH=CH.

[0223] Particular preference is given to compounds of the formulae XVIb and XVIc: Very particular preference is given to compounds of the following subformulae:

[0224] [ka]

[0225] In a still further embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula XIII

[0226] [ka]

[0227] In the formula, R 1 and R 2 is R in formula II 0 and preferably each independently represents alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms. L represents H, F or Cl.

[0228] Particularly preferred compounds of formula XIII are those of the following subformula:

[0229] [ka]

[0230] During the ceremony, "Alkyl" and "alkyl * " each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, in particular ethyl, propyl or pentyl, and "alkenyl" and "alkenyl * " each independently represent a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, in particular CH2=CHC2H4, CH3CH=CHC2H4, CH2=CH and CH3CH=CH.

[0231] Particular preference is given to compounds of the formulae XIIIa and XIIIb: Very particular preference is given to compounds of the following sub-formulae:

[0232] [ka]

[0233] In a still further embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula XIII'.

[0234] [ka]

[0235] In the formula, R 1 and R 2 is R in formula II 0 and preferably each independently represents alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms. L represents H, F or Cl.

[0236] Particularly preferred compounds of formula XIII' are those of the following subformula:

[0237] [ka]

[0238] During the ceremony, "Alkyl" and "alkyl * " each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, in particular ethyl, propyl or pentyl, and "alkenyl" and "alkenyl * " each independently represent a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, in particular CH2=CHC2H4, CH3CH=CHC2H4, CH2=CH and CH3CH=CH.

[0239] Particular preference is given to compounds of the formulae XIII'a and XIII'b: Very particular preference is given to compounds of the following subformulae:

[0240] [ka]

[0241] The LC medium may comprise one or more compounds of the following formulae:

[0242] [ka]

[0243] During the ceremony, R respectively 1 and R 2 have the meaning shown in formula G and preferably each independently denote alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms. L denotes H or F.

[0244] Highly preferred are compounds of formula XVIIa, wherein L is H or F. Highly preferred are compounds of formula XVIIb, wherein L is F.

[0245] The LC medium may additionally comprise one or more compounds of the following formulae:

[0246] [ka]

[0247] In the formula, L and R 1 and R 2 is L in formula LP1 1 , in formula U, R 4 and R 5 R 1 and R 2 preferably denotes alkyl, alkoxy, oxaalkyl, fluoroalkyl or alkenyl, each having up to 6 C atoms.

[0248] Particularly preferred compounds of formula XXXII are those of the following subformula:

[0249] [ka]

[0250] During the ceremony, "Alkyl" and "alkyl * " each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, in particular ethyl, propyl or pentyl, and "Alkenyl" denotes a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, in particular CH2=CHC2H4, CH3CH=CHC2H4, CH2=CH and CH3CH=CH.

[0251] Very particular preference is given to compounds of the following sub-formulae:

[0252] [ka]

[0253] In some further embodiments, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the following formula:

[0254] [ka]

[0255] In the formula, R 1 and R 2 have the meanings given in formula G and each preferably denotes, independently of one another, alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms.

[0256] Advantageously, the LC media according to the invention comprise one or more compounds of the formulae LP1 and LP2.

[0257] [ka]

[0258] wherein the individual substituents have the following meanings: R 0 is the R in the formulas G and U 1 , R 4and R 5 has one of the meanings given to; R 2 is the R in the formula U 2 has one of the meanings given to; L 1 and L 2 each independently represents H, F or Cl; Y 0 is the R in the formulas U and G 3 and R 6 has one of the meanings given to; X 0 represents a halogen atom, CN, SCN, NCS, or an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms, or an alkenyl or alkenyloxy group having 2 to 6 C atoms, in which one or more H atoms are replaced by F atoms.

[0259] The one or more compounds of formula LP1 and LP2 may preferably be described by formula LP1-1 and LP2-1 below.

[0260] [ka]

[0261] During the ceremony, R 0 is an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, in which one or more CH groups are not directly linked to O atoms, and are selected from the group consisting of -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, [ka] may be substituted with -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen atoms; R 2is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, in which one or more CH groups are not directly linked to O atoms, and are selected from the group consisting of -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, [ka] may be substituted with -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen atoms; X 0 is an F atom or an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 3 C atoms or an alkenyl or alkenyloxy group having 2 or 3 C atoms, in which one or more H atoms are replaced by an F atom, Y 0 is H or CH3.

[0262] Compounds of general formula LP1 and LP2 can also be represented by one of the following:

[0263] [ka]

[0264] During the ceremony, R 0 represents an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 12 C atoms (in which one or more CH groups are not directly linked to O atoms, such as -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, [ka] -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen atoms), preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 C atoms, an alkenyl or alkenyloxy group having 2 to 6 C atoms or a cycloalkyl or cycloalkyloxy group having 3 to 6 C atoms, with vinyl, allyl or cyclopentyl being particularly preferred, n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, and m is 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0265] Particularly preferred compounds of formula LP1 are those selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

[0266] [ka]

[0267] [ka]

[0268] [ka]

[0269] In the formula, Y 0 is H or CH3, preferably H.

[0270] Compounds of formula LP1-1a, LP1-1b and LP1-1c are highly preferred, with compounds of formula LP1-1a being most preferred.

[0271] Particularly preferred compounds of formula LP2 are those selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

[0272] [ka]

[0273] [ka]

[0274] In the formula, Y 0 is H or CH3, preferably H.

[0275] Compounds of formula LP2-1a, LP2-1b, LP2-1c, LP2-1d and LP2-1i, LP2-2b, LP2-3a, LP2-3c are highly preferred, with compounds of formula LP2-1b being most preferred.

[0276] The proportion of compounds of formula LP1 or LP2 or subformulas thereof in the LC medium is preferably 2-35% by weight, very preferably 3-30% by weight, most preferably 4-20% by weight.

[0277] Preferably, the LC medium comprises one, two or three compounds of the formula LP1 or LP2 or sub-formulas thereof. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises at least one compound of the formula LP1 and at least one compound of the formula LP2.

[0278] In addition to the compounds of the formulae G, U, Z1 to Z12, II and / or III, the LC medium may comprise one or more compounds selected from the formulae Y and B.

[0279] [ka]

[0280] In the formula, the individual substituents, which are the same or different at each occurrence, each have the following meaning independently of one another: [ka] [ka] [ka]

[0281] During the ceremony, R 1 , R 2 is R in formula G 1 and R 2 is one of the meanings given to R 3 is R1 is one of the meanings given to Z x , Z y is —CH2CH2—, —CH═CH—, —CF2O—, —OCF2—, —CHO—, —OCH2—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —C2F4—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CH—CHO— or a single bond, preferably a single bond, Z z is -CH2O-, -O-, -C2H4-, -OCH2 or a single bond, Y 1 is -CH2-, -O- or -S-, L 1~4 is H, F or Cl, preferably H or F, very preferably F, x and y are 0, 1, or 2, provided that x+y is 3 or less; z is 0 or 1, with the proviso that in Formula B the dibenzofuran or dibenzothiophene group may also be further substituted with methyl or methoxy groups; provided that the compound of formula Y contains at least one substituent L which is F or Cl, preferably F. 1~4 Includes.

[0282] The LC medium according to this first preferred embodiment may comprise one or more compounds of the formulae G, U, LP1 and / or LP2, II and / or III, one or more compounds selected from the formulae Z1, Z2 and Z3, and one or more compounds selected from the formulae Y and B.

[0283] The LC medium according to this first preferred embodiment is particularly suitable for use in LC displays in the HB-FFS or PS-HB-FFS mode.

[0284] In compounds of formula Y and its subformulas, R 1 and R 2preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms, furthermore alkenyl having 2 to 6 C atoms, in particular vinyl, 1E-propenyl, 1E-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1E-pentenyl, 3E-pentenyl or 4-pentenyl.

[0285] In the compounds of formula Y and its subformulas, the substituent L 1 and L 2 and both represent F. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in compounds of formula Y and its sub-formulas, the substituent L 1 and L 2 One of them represents F and the other represents Cl.

[0286] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula Y selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0287] [ka]

[0288] In the formula, R 1 , R 2 , Z x and Z y has one of the meanings given in formula Y or the preferred meanings given above in formula G, a represents 1 or 2, b represents 0 or 1; L 1 , L 2 represents F or Cl, preferably F, and L 5 represents an H atom or CH3, [ka]

[0289] Preferably the formula Y 1 and Y 2 In the compound of 1 and L 2 Both of these represent F, or L1 and L 2 One of them represents F and the other represents Cl, or L 1 and L 2 Both of these represent F, or L 1 and L 2 One of them represents F and the other represents Cl.

[0290] Preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula Y1 selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

[0291] [ka]

[0292] [ka]

[0293] [ka]

[0294] [ka]

[0295] [ka]

[0296] [ka]

[0297] [ka]

[0298] [ka]

[0299] [ka]

[0300] [ka]

[0301] [ka]

[0302] [ka]

[0303] [ka]

[0304] [ka]

[0305] [ka]

[0306] [ka]

[0307] [ka]

[0308] During the ceremony, a represents 1 or 2, "Alkyl" and "alkyl * " each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, "alkenyl" denotes a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and L 5 represents an H atom or CH3.

[0309] "Alkenyl" preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0310] Very preferably, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula Y1 selected from formulae Y1-1, Y1-2, Y1-7, Y1-12, Y1-17, Y1-22, Y1-40, Y1-41, Y1-42, Y1-44, Y1-50 and Y1-68. 5 preferably represents an H atom.

[0311] More preferably, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula Y2 selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

[0312] [ka]

[0313] [ka]

[0314] [ka]

[0315] [ka]

[0316] [ka]

[0317] [ka]

[0318] [ka]

[0319] During the ceremony, "Alkyl" and "alkyl * " each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, "alkenyl" denotes a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, and (O) denotes an oxygen atom or a single bond, and L 5 represents an H atom or CH3, preferably an H atom.

[0320] "Alkenyl" preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0321] Very preferably, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula Y2 selected from formulae Y2-2 and Y2-10.

[0322] The proportion of compounds of the formula Y1 or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably between 0 and 10% by weight.

[0323] The proportion of compounds of the formula Y2 or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably between 0 and 10% by weight.

[0324] The total proportion of compounds of the formulae Y1 and Y2 or their subformulae in the LC medium is preferably 1-20% by weight, very preferably 2-15% by weight.

[0325] Preferably the LC medium comprises one, two or three compounds selected from the formulae Y1 and Y2 or sub-formulae thereof, very preferably from the formulae Y1-2, Y1-22, Y1-66, Y1-70, Y2-6 and Y2-22.

[0326] In another preferred embodiment of the invention the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula Y of the following sub-formulae:

[0327] [ka]

[0328] In the formula, L 1 , L 2 , R 1 and R 2 has one of the meanings given in formula Y or one of the preferred meanings as given in formulas G, LP1 and LP2.

[0329] Preferred compounds of formula Y3 are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

[0330] [ka]

[0331] [ka]

[0332] [ka]

[0333] During the ceremony, "Alkyl" and "Alkyl * " each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, "Alkenyl" and "Alkenyl * " each independently represent a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, and O represents an oxygen atom or a single bond.

[0334] "Alkenyl" and "Alkenyl * " preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0335] Particularly preferred compounds of formula Y3 are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

[0336] [ka]

[0337] In the formula, "Alkoxy" and "Alkoxy * " each independently of one another preferably denotes straight-chain alkoxy having 3, 4 or 5 C atoms.

[0338] Preferably in the compounds of formula Y3 and its subformulas, L 1 and L 2 and both represent F. More preferably, in compounds of formula Y3, the substituent L 1 and L 2 One of them represents F and the other represents Cl.

[0339] The proportion of compounds of the formula Y3 or any of its subformulas in the LC medium is preferably 0-10% by weight, very preferably 1-6% by weight.

[0340] Preferably the LC medium comprises one, two or three compounds of formula Y3 or a subformula thereof, more preferably of formula Y3-6, very preferably of formula Y3-6A.

[0341] In another further preferred embodiment of the invention the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula Y of sub-formula Y4.

[0342] [ka]

[0343] R in the formula 1 and R 2 each independently of one another has one of the meanings given above in formula Y, [ka] L in the ceremony 5 represents F or Cl, preferably F, and L 6 represents F, Cl, OCF3, CF3, CH3, CH2F or CHF2, preferably F, and preferably at least one of the rings G, I and K is different from unsubstituted benzene.

[0344] The most preferred compounds of formula Y4 are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

[0345] [ka]

[0346] [ka]

[0347] [ka]

[0348] During the ceremony, R represents a linear alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 7 C atoms, (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, and m represents an integer of 1 to 6;

[0349] R preferably represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy or pentoxy.

[0350] The proportion of compounds of formula Y4 or any of its subformulas in the medium is preferably between 0 and 10% by weight, very preferably between 1 and 6% by weight.

[0351] Particularly preferred compounds are of the following sub-formula:

[0352] [ka]

[0353] During the ceremony, "Alkyl" and "alkyl * " each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, in particular ethyl, propyl or pentyl.

[0354] The use of the following compounds is particularly advantageous:

[0355] [ka]

[0356] In another preferred embodiment of the invention the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula Y selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

[0357] [ka]

[0358] In the formula, R 5 is R 1 has one of the meanings given by the formula Y above, "Alkyl" denotes a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; d represents 0 or 1; z and m each independently represent an integer of 1 to 6;

[0359] R in these compounds 5 is particularly preferably C2~6 -alkyl or -alkoxy or C 2~6 -alkenyl, d preferably being 1. The LC media according to the invention preferably comprise one or more compounds of the above formulae in an amount of 5% by weight or more.

[0360] Further preferred embodiments are given below:

[0361] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula Y of the following sub-formula:

[0362] [ka]

[0363] In the formula, R 1 , R 2 , L 1 , L 2 , X, x and Z x has the meaning given in formula Y, with the proviso that at least one of the rings X is cyclohexenylene.

[0364] Preferably, the substituent L 1 and L 2 and both represent F. More preferably, the substituent L 1 and L 2 One of them represents F and the other represents Cl.

[0365] The compound of formula LY is preferably selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

[0366] [ka]

[0367] [ka]

[0368] In the formula, R 1has the meaning shown above in formula Y, (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, and v represents an integer of 1 to 6. 1 is preferably a linear alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or a linear alkenyl having 2 to 6 C atoms, in particular CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, n-C4H9, n-C5H 11 , CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0369] Compounds of formula LY4 are highly preferred.

[0370] Preferably the medium comprises one, two or three compounds of formula LY, very preferably of formula LY4.

[0371] The proportion of compounds of formula LY or any of its subformulas in the medium is preferably between 1 and 10% by weight.

[0372] The medium comprises one or more compounds of formula Y represented by the following sub-formula:

[0373] [ka]

[0374] In the formula, R 1 , R 2 , L 1 , L 2 , Y, y and Z y has the meaning given in formula Y, with the proviso that at least one of the rings Y is tetrahydropyran.

[0375] The compound of formula AY is preferably selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

[0376] [ka]

[0377] [ka]

[0378] During the ceremony, R 1 has the meaning given above, "Alkyl" denotes a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond; v represents an integer of 1 to 6.

[0379] R 1 is preferably a linear alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or a linear alkenyl having 2 to 6 C atoms, in particular CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, n-C4H9, n-C5H 11 , CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0380] In compounds of formula B and its subformulas, R 1 and R 3 preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms, in particular methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy or butoxy, furthermore alkenyl having 2 to 6 C atoms, in particular vinyl, 1E-propenyl, 1E-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1E-pentenyl, 3E-pentenyl or 4-pentenyl.

[0381] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula B selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0382] [ka]

[0383] In the formula, Y 1 , L 1, L 2 , R 1 and R 3 has the meaning given in formula B.

[0384] Preferred compounds of formula B1 are selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0385] [ka]

[0386] In the formula, R 1 and R 3 independently represent a linear alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, and in the group, one or more CH groups are connected to each other in such a way that O atoms are not directly linked to each other, such as -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, [ka] Each of the groups may be independently replaced by -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO-, and in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by a halogen atom. 1 and R 3 Highly preferred are compounds of formulae B1-1 and B1-2 in which "a" independently represents an alkyl group that is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl, the alkyl groups preferably being linear. Highly preferred is when one "alkyl" is ethyl and the other "alkyl" is n-pentyl.

[0387] Compounds of formula B1-2 are particularly preferred.

[0388] Preferably, the compound of formula B1-1 is selected from the group of compounds of formulae B1-1-1 to B1-1-11, preferably of formula B1-1-6.

[0389] [ka]

[0390] [ka]

[0391] During the ceremony, "Alkyl" and "alkyl * " each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, "alkenyl" and "alkenyl * " each independently represent a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, "alkoxy" and "alkoxy * " each independently represent a straight-chain alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms.

[0392] Preferably, the compound of formula B1-2 is selected from the group of compounds of formulae B1-2-1 to B1-2-10, preferably of formula B1-2-6.

[0393] [ka]

[0394] [ka]

[0395] During the ceremony, "Alkyl" and "alkyl * " each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, "alkenyl" and "alkenyl * " each independently represent a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, "alkoxy" and "alkoxy * " each independently represent a straight-chain alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms.

[0396] The LC medium may comprise one or more compounds of formula B1-1A and / or B1-2A.

[0397] [ka]

[0398] During the ceremony, (O) represents O or a single bond; R IIIA is an alkyl or alkenyl group having up to 7 C atoms or a group Cy-C m H 2m+1 - represents m and n are the same or different and are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, preferably 1, 2 or 3, very preferably 1, Cy represents alkyl or alkenyl, each having up to 3 C atoms, or an alicyclic group having 3, 4 or 5 ring atoms, optionally substituted by halogen or CN, and preferably represents cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl or cyclopentyl.

[0399] The compounds of the formulae B1-1A and / or B1-2A are contained in the LC medium alternatively or additionally, preferably additionally, to the compounds of the formulae B1-1 and B1-2.

[0400] Also preferred compounds of formula B1-1A and / or B1-2A are:

[0401] [ka]

[0402] In the formula, "alkoxy" is a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms or alternatively -(CH2) n F (where n is 2, 3, 4 or 5), preferably C2H4F.

[0403] The proportion of compounds of the formula B1 or any of its subformulas in the LC medium is preferably between 1 and 20% by weight, very preferably between 1 and 15% by weight.

[0404] Preferably the LC medium comprises one, two or three compounds of the formula B1 or any sub-formula thereof.

[0405] In a preferred embodiment of the invention the LC medium may comprise one or more compounds of formula B2-2

[0406] [ka]

[0407] During the ceremony R 1 , R 3 are the same or different and represent H, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms, provided that one or more CH groups in these groups are not directly linked to O atoms, and are -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, [ka] Each may be replaced independently by -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, in which additionally one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen.

[0408] The compound of formula B2-2 is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae B2-2-1 to B2-2-10.

[0409] [ka]

[0410] [ka]

[0411] In the formula, R 3 is alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl, or alternatively cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl or cyclopentylmethyl, or alternatively -(CH2) nF (where n is 2, 3, 4 or 5), preferably C2H4F.

[0412] Particularly preferred compounds of formula B2 are selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0413] [ka]

[0414] The proportion of compounds of the formula B2 or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably 1-20% by weight, very preferably 1-15% by weight.

[0415] Preferably the LC medium comprises one, two or three compounds of the formula B2 or sub-formulas thereof.

[0416] Preferred compounds of formula B3 are selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0417] [ka]

[0418] In the formula, R 1 has one of the meanings given in formula B3 and preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, very preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl, more preferably ethyl or propyl, most preferably propyl, and X 1 has one of the meanings given in formula B3 and preferably represents CF3 or OCF3.

[0419] Preferred compounds of formula B3 are selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0420] [ka]

[0421] In the formula, R 1has one of the meanings given in formula B3 and preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, very preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or hexyl, more preferably ethyl or propyl, most preferably propyl.

[0422] Compounds of formula B3-1-1 and B3-2-2 are most preferred.

[0423] In a preferred embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula B or of its sub-formulae B1, B2, B3, B1-1, B1-2, B2-1, B2-2, B2-3, B3-1, B3-2, B3-1-1, B3-1-2, B3-2-1 and B3-2-2, in which the dibenzofuran or dibenzothiophene group is a methyl or methoxy group, preferably a methyl group, preferably in the para position relative to the substituent F, very preferably in the para position relative to the substituent F (i.e. the terminal group R 2 or X 1 is substituted (at the meta position relative to

[0424] The proportion of compounds of the formula B3 or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably between 1 and 20% by weight, very preferably between 1 and 10% by weight.

[0425] Preferably the LC medium comprises one, two or three compounds of the formula B3 or any sub-formula thereof.

[0426] Preferably, the total proportion of compounds of the formulae Y and B or their subformulae in the LC medium is between 2 and 25% by weight, very preferably between 3 and 20% by weight.

[0427] <Compound of formula ST> In some preferred embodiments of the present invention the LC medium may further comprise one or more compounds of the general formula ST.

[0428] [ka]

[0429] wherein the individual substituents have the following meanings: [ka] represents X 21 , X 22 are each independently -O-, -CH2-, or -CHR 23 -or-NR 23 - and R 21 and R 22 each independently represents an H atom, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 12 C atoms, an alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenyloxy or alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 12 C atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 C atoms (in which one or more non-adjacent CH groups are connected in such a way that O atoms are not directly linked to each other, such as -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, [ka] -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen atoms), or a cycloalkyl or cycloalkoxy group having 3 to 12 C atoms, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen atoms, R 23 represents an H atom, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 10 C atoms, r represents 0 or 1.

[0430] LC media comprising compounds of the following sub-formulae ST-1, ST-2 and ST-3 showed particularly high long-term thermal and UV stability.

[0431] [ka]

[0432] wherein the individual substituents have the following meanings: [ka] represents R 21 and R 22 each independently represent an H atom or an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 7 C atoms, and r represents 0 or 1.

[0433] In particularly preferred embodiments, the compound of general formula ST may be selected from the following specific structures:

[0434] [ka]

[0435] [ka]

[0436] [ka]

[0437] [ka]

[0438] [ka]

[0439] In a further preferred embodiment the LC medium according to the invention may comprise at least one further sterically hindered phenol as set out in Table B below.

[0440] <Compound of Formula H> The LC medium may comprise one or more compounds of formula H.

[0441] [ka]

[0442] During the ceremony, R 11 each independently represent an H atom, F, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms, provided that one -CH2- group or, if present, multiple -CH2- groups may be replaced by -O- or -(C=O)-, but two adjacent -CH2- groups cannot be replaced by -O-, and one or, if present, multiple -CH2- groups may be replaced by -CH=CH- or -C≡C-, provided that one H atom or multiple H atoms may be replaced by F, OR 13 , N(R 13 )(R 14 ) or R 15 may be replaced by R 12 are each independently an H atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms (provided that one -CH2- group or multiple -CH2- groups may be replaced by -O- or -(C=O)-, but two adjacent -CH2- groups cannot be replaced by -O-), a hydrocarbon group containing a cycloalkyl or alkylcycloalkyl unit (provided that one -CH2- group or multiple -CH2- groups may be replaced by -O- or -(C=O)-, but two adjacent -CH2- groups cannot be replaced by -O-, but one H atom or multiple H atoms can be replaced by F, OR 13 , N(R 13 )(R 14 ) or R 15 ) or an aromatic or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group (wherein one H atom or multiple H atoms may be replaced by OR 13 , N(R 13 )(R 14 ) or R 15 ) may be replaced by R 13 and R 14 each independently represents an alkyl or acyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon or carboxylic acid group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, R 15each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 C atoms, provided that one -CH2- group or multiple -CH2- groups may be replaced by -O- or -(C=O)-, but two adjacent -CH2- groups cannot be replaced by -O-, R 16 are each independently an H atom, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 10 C atoms, an O-cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 C atoms, O · or OH, S 11 and S 12 are each independently an alkylene group having 1 to 20 C atoms (provided that one -CH2- group or, if present, multiple -CH2- groups may be replaced by -O- or -(C=O)-, but two adjacent -CH2- groups cannot be replaced by -O-, provided that one H atom or multiple H atoms are not selected from the group consisting of F, OR 13 , N(R 13 )(R 14 ) or R 15 ) or a single bond, Y 11 ~Y 14 each independently represents methyl or ethyl, X 11 represents C, Z 11 ~Z 14 are each independently -O-, -(C=O)-, -O-(C=O)-, -(C=O)-O-, -O-(C=O)-O-, -(NR 13 )-, -NR 13 -(C=O)- or a single bond, S 11 If is a single bond, Z 11 and Z 12 Both of these do not represent -O- at the same time;S 12 If is a single bond, Z 13 and Z 14 do not simultaneously represent -O-; when q represents 0, Z 12 and Z 13 Both of these do not represent -O- at the same time, p represents 1 or 2; q represents 0 or 1; o represents (3-p), n represents an integer of 1 to 10, m represents an integer from 0 to 8, n×p represents an integer of 1 to 10, preferably 3 to 8, and [ka] represents an organic moiety having (m+n) bonding sites.

[0443] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, in compounds of formula H:

[0444] [ka] teeth, [ka] represents

[0445] [ka] teeth, [ka] represents

[0446] [ka] are -(CH2-)2, -(CH2-)3, -(CH2-)4, -(CH2-)5, -(CH2-)6, -(CH2-)7, and -(CH2-)8, i.e., ethane-1,2-diyl, propane-1,3-diyl, butane-1,4-diyl, pentane-1,5-diyl, hexane-1,6-diyl, heptane-1,7-diyl, and octane-1,8-diyl. [ka] represents and / or

[0447] During the ceremony, -Z 12 -S 11 -Z 11 - can be used independently in each occurrence: -O-, -S 11 -O-, -OS 11 -O-, -(C=O)-OS 11 -O-, -O-(C=O)-S 11 -O-, -O-(C=O)-S 11 -(C=O)-O-, -OS 11 -(C=O)-O-, -(C=O)-OS 11 -(C=O)-O-, or -(NR 13 )-S 11 -O-, -NR 13 -(C=O)-S 11 -(C=O)-O- or a single bond, preferably -O-, -S 11 -O-, -OS 11 -O-, -(C=O)-OS 11 -O-, -O-(C=O)-S 11 -O- or -OS 11 represents -(C=O)-O-, and / or S 11 preferably denotes an alkylene group having 1 to 20 C atoms, and / or R 11 if present, represents alkyl, alkoxy or H, preferably H or alkyl, and / or R 12 represents H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl or 3-heptyl or cyclohexyl.

[0448] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, in the compound of formula H, [ka] is expressed as follows: [ka] represents a group selected from the group

[0449] In a further preferred embodiment of the present application, in the compound of formula H, [ka] is expressed as follows: [ka] represents a group selected from the group

[0450] In a further preferred embodiment of the present application, in compounds of formula H, p preferably represents 1,

[0451] [ka] teeth, [ka] Preferably -OS 11 -O-, -S 11 -O- or -OS 11 -, particularly preferably -OS 11 -O- or -S 11 Represents -O-.

[0452] In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, in the compound of formula H, the group [ka] is expressed as follows: [ka] represents a group selected from the group

[0453] In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, where p is 2, which may be the same or different from those above, in the compound of formula H:

[0454] [ka] is expressed as follows: [ka] represents a group selected from the group

[0455] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, which may be the same or different from those described above, in the compound of formula H,

[0456] [ka] occur independently of each other, [ka] Preferably [ka] Represents.

[0457] Compounds of the following general formulae H-1-1, H-1-2 and H-1-3 have been shown to be particularly effective UV stabilizers in LC mixtures, especially in terms of VHR stability.

[0458] [ka]

[0459] In the formula, ZG, R 16 and n is as defined above, and n represents an integer from 1 to 8. These compounds are highly suitable as stabilizers in LC mixtures, stabilizing the VHR of the mixtures upon UV exposure.

[0460] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the one or more compounds of formula H may be selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulae H-2-1 to H-2-6 below:

[0461] [ka]

[0462] [ka]

[0463] [ka]

[0464] During the ceremony, R 11 each independently represent an H atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms, provided that one -CH2- group or, if present, multiple -CH2- groups may be replaced by -O- or -(C=O)-, but two adjacent -CH2- groups cannot be replaced by -O-, and one or, if present, multiple -CH2- groups may be replaced by -CH=CH- or -C≡C-, provided that one H atom or multiple H atoms may be replaced by F, OR 13 , N(R 13 )(R 14 ) or R 15 may be replaced by R 16 is a H atom or O · represents n represents an integer from 0 to 12, and S 11 and S 12 are each independently an alkylene group having 1 to 20 C atoms (provided that one -CH2- group or, if present, multiple -CH2- groups may be replaced by -O- or -(C=O)-, but two adjacent -CH2- groups cannot be replaced by -O-, provided that one H atom or multiple H atoms are not selected from the group consisting of F, OR 13 , N(R 13 )(R 14 ) or R 15 ) or represents a single bond.

[0465] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the LC medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of the formula H which are in each case selected from the group of compounds of the following formulae:

[0466] [ka]

[0467] [ka]

[0468] [ka]

[0469] [ka]

[0470] [ka]

[0471] [ka]

[0472] [ka]

[0473] [ka]

[0474] [ka]

[0475] [ka]

[0476] The preferred content of one or more compounds of formula H in the LC medium depends, inter alia, on the inherent chemical stability of the LC medium and the properties of the compounds of formula H. 16 O ·The compounds of formula H, which represent: 16 The compounds of formula H, in which represents an H atom, are advantageously used in proportions ranging from 50 ppm to 2000 ppm, based on the weight of the LC medium.

[0477] Further preferred LC media are selected from the following preferred embodiments, including any combination thereof: in combination with compounds of the formulae LP1, Z1 to Z7 and II and / or III, compounds of the formulae G and U, in combination with compounds of the formulae LP2, Z1 to Z7 and II and / or III, compounds of the formulae G and U, Compounds of formulae G and U in combination with compounds of formulae LP1, LP2, II and / or III and compounds of formulae Z1 and Z4.

[0478] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formulae G and U or subformulae and LP1 and / or LP2, II and / or III and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5, V, VI, VII, VIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVIIa, XVIIb, XVIIc, XVIII, XIX, XX, XXI, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXX-1, XXX-2, XXX-3, XXXII, XXXIII and S and subformulae thereof.

[0479] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula I or any of its subformulas and LP1 and / or LP2, II and / or III and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5, IV, VI, XII, XIV, XVI, XVIIa, XVIIb, XVIIc, XX, LP1-1, XXIII, XXIX and S and their subformulas.

[0480] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formulae II-1, II-2 and II-3, very preferably from the formulae II-1 and II-2. The individual concentration of each of these compounds is preferably 2 to 15% by weight. The total concentration of these compounds is preferably 5 to 25% by weight.

[0481] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formulae III-1, III-4, III-6, III-16, III-19 and III-20, very preferably from the group consisting of the formulae III-1, III-6, III-16 and III-20. The individual concentration of each of these compounds is preferably 2 to 15% by weight. The total concentration of these compounds is preferably 5 to 30% by weight.

[0482] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IV, preferably of formula IVa or IVc, very preferably of formula IVa-1 or IVc-1, most preferably of formula IVc-1. The individual concentration of each of these compounds is preferably 2 to 15% by weight. The total concentration of these compounds is preferably 5 to 20% by weight.

[0483] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the formula VI, preferably from the formula VIb. The individual concentration of each of these compounds is preferably 1 to 20% by weight. The total concentration of these compounds is preferably 5 to 20% by weight.

[0484] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds selected from formula Z1, preferably formula Z1-1, the total concentration of these compounds being preferably 1 to 60% by weight, more preferably 5 to 50% by weight.

[0485] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula Z2, preferably selected from the formulae Z2-1 and Z2-2, the total concentration of which is preferably 2 to 35% by weight, very preferably 3 to 25% by weight.

[0486] The LC medium comprises 5 to 20% by weight of a compound of the formula Z3, preferably of the formula Z3-1.

[0487] The LC medium comprises 5 to 20% by weight of a compound of the formula Z4, preferably of the formula Z4-1.

[0488] The LC medium comprises 10 to 65% by weight, very preferably 20 to 60% by weight, of compounds of the formula Z5.

[0489] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula LP1-1, preferably of the formula LP1-1a or LP2-1b, very preferably of the formula LP1-1a. The concentration of these compounds is preferably between 2 and 15% by weight.

[0490] The LC medium comprises 1 to 15% by weight of a compound of the formula LP2-1b.

[0491] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula XII, preferably of the formula XIIa or XIIb, very preferably of the formula XIIa, most preferably of the formula XIIa-1, the concentration of which is preferably 2 to 15% by weight.

[0492] The LC medium comprises 1 to 15% by weight of a compound of the formula XIIb.

[0493] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula XIV, preferably of the formula XIVd, very preferably of the formula XIVd-1, the concentration of which is preferably between 2 and 10% by weight.

[0494] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula XVIb, preferably of the formulae XVIb-1, XVIb-2 and / or XVI-3, the concentration of which is preferably between 2 and 15% by weight.

[0495] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula XVIc, preferably of the formulae XVIc-1, XVIc-2 and / or XVIc-3, the concentration of which is preferably between 2 and 20% by weight.

[0496] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formulae XVIIa, XVIIb and XVIIc, very preferably of the formula XVIIa where L is H and of the formula XVIIb where L is F. The total concentration of these compounds is preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight.

[0497] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula XX, preferably of the formula XXa, the concentration of which is preferably between 2 and 10% by weight.

[0498] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula XXI, preferably of the formula XXIa, the concentration of which is preferably between 2 and 10% by weight.

[0499] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula XXIII, preferably of the formula XXIIIa, the concentration of which is preferably between 0.5 and 5% by weight.

[0500] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula XXIX, preferably of the formula XXIXa, the concentration of which is preferably between 2 and 10% by weight.

[0501] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula XXX. The concentration of these compounds is preferably between 2 and 10% by weight.

[0502] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula XII, the concentration of which is preferably between 2 and 10% by weight.

[0503] The LC medium is The compounds include one or more compounds of formula G and U, preferably of formula G-1 and U-1 and LP1 and / or LP2, II and / or III, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of formula Z1, Z2 and Z3 or subformulas thereof, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of formula XIV, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of formula IV, VI, XX, XXIII and XXIX or subformulas thereof, and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of formula LP2-1, XVI, XVIIa, XVIIb, XVIIc or subformulas thereof.

[0504] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formulae G and U, preferably of the formulae G-1 and U-1, LP1 and / or LP2, II and / or III, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formulae Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 and Z5 or subformulas thereof, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formulae XIVd or subformulas thereof, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formulae IVc, VIb, XXa, XXIIIa and XXIXa or subformulas thereof, and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formulae LP1-1b, XVIb, XVIc, XVIIa, XVIIb, XVIIc or subformulas thereof.

[0505] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formulae G and U, preferably of the formulae G-1 and U-1, LP1 and / or LP2, II and / or III, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formulae Z1, Z2 and Z3 or subformulae thereof, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formula Y, preferably Y1 and Y2, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formula XIV, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formulae II, III, IV, VI, XX, XXIII and XXIX or subformulae thereof, and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formulae LP2-1, XVI, XVIIa, XVIIb, XVIIc or subformulae thereof.

[0506] The LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formulae G and U, preferably of the formulae G-1 and U-1, LP1 and / or LP2, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formulae Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 and Z5 or subformulas thereof, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formula B, preferably B1, B2 and B3, one or more compounds of the formula XIVd or subformulas thereof, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formulae II, III, IVc, VIb, XXa, XXIIIa and XXIXa or subformulas thereof, and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formulae LP1-1b, XVIb, XVIc, XVIIa, XVIIb, XVIIc or subformulas thereof.

[0507] Besides the compounds of the formulae G and U, LP1 and / or LP2, the LC medium further comprises a compound selected from the group of compounds Z1, Z2, Z3, IV, LP1-1, XIV, XVI, XVIIa, XVIIb, XVIIc, XXI, XXIII, XXIX, XXX and XXIV or their sub-formulae.

[0508] Besides the compounds of the formulae G and U, LP1 and / or LP2, the LC medium further comprises a compound selected from the group of compounds Z1, Z2, Z3, IV, LP2-1, XIV, XVI, XVIIa, XVIIb, XVIIc, XXI, XXIII, XXIX, XXX and XXIV or their sub-formulae.

[0509] The proportion of compounds of the formulae G and U or their subformulae in the LC medium is from 1 to 30% by weight, very preferably from 2 to 25% by weight, most preferably from 2 to 20% by weight.

[0510] The proportion of compounds of the formulae Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 and Z5 or their subformulae in the overall LC medium is between 10 and 65% by weight, very preferably between 20 and 60% by weight.

[0511] The proportion of compounds of the formula Y or any of its sub-formulas in the overall LC medium is between 0 and 15% by weight, very preferably between 2 and 10% by weight.

[0512] The proportion of compounds of the formula B or any of its sub-formulas in the overall LC medium is between 0 and 15% by weight, very preferably between 2 and 10% by weight.

[0513] The proportion of compounds of the formulae II, III, IV-VIII, XVIII-XXIII and XXVII-XXX in the total LC medium is 30-60% by weight.

[0514] The proportion of compounds of the formulae XIV and XV in the total LC medium is 40-70% by weight.

[0515] The proportion of compounds of the formulae XIV, XVIIa-c and XXXII in the overall LC medium is 0.5-15% by weight.

[0516] In this application, the terms "alkyl" or "alkyl * (Alkyl * )" includes straight-chain and branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, especially the straight-chain groups methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl. Groups having 2 to 5 carbon atoms are generally preferred.

[0517] The term "alkenyl" or "alkenyl * (Alkenyl * )" includes straight-chain and branched alkenyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, especially straight-chain groups. Preferred alkenyl groups are C2-C7-IE-alkenyl, C4-C6-3E-alkenyl, especially C2-C6-IE-alkenyl. Examples of particularly preferred alkenyl groups are vinyl, 1E-propenyl, 1E-butenyl, 1E-pentenyl, 1E-hexenyl, 3-butenyl, 3E-pentenyl, 3E-hexenyl, 4-pentenyl, 4Z-hexenyl, 4E-hexenyl and 5-hexenyl. Groups having up to 5 carbon atoms, especially CH2=CH, CH3CH=CH, are generally preferred.

[0518] The term "fluoroalkyl" preferably includes straight-chain groups having a terminal fluorine, i.e., fluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 5-fluoropentyl, 6-fluorohexyl, and 7-fluoroheptyl, although other positions of the fluorine are not excluded.

[0519] The term "oxaalkyl" or "alkoxy" preferably refers to a group of formula C n H 2n+1 -O-(CH2) m wherein n and m each independently represent 1 to 6. m may also represent 0. Preferably, n=1 and m=1 to 6 or m=0 and n=1 to 3. Even more preferably, the alkoxy or oxaalkyl group may also contain one or more further O atoms such that the oxygen atoms are not directly linked to one another.

[0520] R in Formulas II and III 0 and X 0 By appropriately selecting the meaning of , the address time, threshold voltage, steepness of the transmission characteristic line, etc. can be changed in a desired manner. For example, 1E-alkenyl groups, 3E-alkenyl groups, 2E-alkenyloxy groups, etc. generally have shorter address times, improved nematic tendency, elastic constant k compared to alkyl and alkoxy groups. 33 (bend) and k 11 This results in a higher ratio between (spray) and (spray). 4-Alkenyl groups, 3-alkenyl groups, etc., generally give lower threshold voltages and lower values ​​of k3 / k1 compared to alkyl and alkoxy groups. The LC media according to the invention are distinguished in particular by high values ​​of Δε and therefore have significantly faster response times than LC media from the prior art.

[0521] The optimum mixing ratio of the compounds of the above formula will depend substantially on the desired properties, the selection of the components of the above formula and the selection of any further components that may be present.

[0522] The appropriate mixing ratio within the ranges indicated above can be easily determined for each case.

[0523] The total amount of the compounds of the above formula in the LC medium according to the present invention is not critical.Therefore, the mixture can contain one or more additional components in order to optimize various properties.However, the higher the total concentration of the compounds of the above formula, the greater the observed effect on the desired improvement of the properties of the medium.

[0524] In a particularly preferred embodiment the LC media according to the invention comprise 0 represents F, OCF3, OCHF2, OCH=CF2, OCF=CF2 or OCF2-CF2H. A favorable synergism with the compounds of the formulae G and U, LP1 and / or LP2, II and III results in particularly advantageous properties. LC media comprising in particular the compounds of the formulae G and U, LP1 and / or LP2, II and III are distinguished by their low threshold voltages.

[0525] The individual compounds of the above-mentioned formulae and their sub-formulae which can be used in the LC media according to the invention are either known or can be prepared analogously to known compounds.

[0526] The present invention also relates to a method for preparing an LC medium as described above and below by mixing one or more compounds of formulae G and U with one or more compounds of formulae LP1 and / or LP2 and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of formulae II, III, Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, IV, VI, XIV, LP2-1, XVI, XVIIa, XVIIb, XVIIc, XX, XXIII, XXIX.

[0527] The LC media according to the invention may comprise one or more polymerisable compounds. The polymerisable compounds are preferably selected from the formula M:

[0528] [ka]

[0529] In the formula, the individual substituents, identical or different at each occurrence, each have, independently of one another, the following meanings: R a and R b is P, P-Sp-, H, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, SF5, or a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms (provided that in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may each independently be -C(R 0 )=C(R 00 )-, -C≡C-, -N(R 00 )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, wherein the O and / or S atoms are optionally replaced such that they are not directly linked to each other, and in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CN, P, or P-Sp-, with the proviso that B 1 and / or B. 2 If contains saturated C atoms, R a and / or R b may also represent a group spiro-linked to this saturated C atom, However, the substituent R a and R b at least one of which represents or contains the group P or P-Sp-, P is a polymerizable group, Sp is a spacer group or a single bond; B 1 and B 2 is preferably an aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic group having 4 to 25 ring atoms, which may also contain fused rings, and which is unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by L; Z b is -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -OCO-, -O-CO-O-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CF2S-, -SCF2-, -(CH2) n1 -, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -(CF2) n1-, -CH=CH-, -CF=CF-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-COO-, -OCO-CH=CH-, CR 0 R 00 or a single bond, R 0 and R 00 each independently represent H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, m represents 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; n1 represents 1, 2, 3 or 4; L is P, P-Sp-, OH, CH2OH, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)N(R x )2, -C(=O)Y 1 , -C(=O)R x , -N(R x ) 2, optionally substituted silyl, optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 20 C atoms, or linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 25 C atoms, with the proviso that in addition one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, P or P-Sp-, P and Sp have the meanings given above in formula M, Y 1 represents a halogen, R x represents P, P-Sp-, H, halogen, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms (with the proviso that, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH groups may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- in such a way that the O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to one another, and with the proviso that, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, P or P-Sp-), an optionally substituted aryl or aryloxy group having 6 to 40 C atoms, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl or heteroaryloxy group having 2 to 40 C atoms.

[0530] More preferably, the LC medium according to the invention comprises one or more polymerizable compounds selected from Table H below.

[0531] The proportion of polymerizable compounds, preferably selected from the formula M and table H, in the LC medium is preferably between 0.01 and 5%, very preferably between 0.05 and 1%, most preferably between 0.1 and 0.5%.

[0532] It has been observed that the addition of one or more polymerizable compounds, such as those selected from Formula M and Table H, to an LC medium can result in advantageous properties such as fast response times. Such LC media are particularly suitable for use in PSA displays, exhibiting low image sticking, rapid and complete polymerization, rapid generation of a stable low pretilt angle after UV exposure, high reliability, high VHR values ​​after UV exposure, and high birefringence. By appropriately selecting the polymerizable compound, it is possible to increase the absorption of the LC medium at longer UV wavelengths, thereby enabling the use of such longer UV wavelengths for polymerization, which is advantageous for the display manufacturing process.

[0533] The polymerizable group P is a group suitable for polymerization reactions, such as, for example, free-radical or ionic chain polymerization, polyaddition or polycondensation, or polymer-analogous reactions, such as addition or condensation onto the main chain. Groups for chain polymerization, especially those containing a C=C double bond or a -C≡C- triple bond, and groups suitable for ring-opening polymerization, such as, for example, oxetane or epoxide groups, are particularly preferred.

[0534] The preferred group P is CH2=CW 1 -CO-O-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-, [ka] CH2=CW 2 -(O) k3 -, CW 1 =CH-CO-(O) k3 -, CW 1 =CH-CO-NH-, CH2=CW 1-CO-NH-, CH3-CH=CH-O-, (CH2=CH)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-CO-, HO-CW 2 W 3 -, HS-CW 2 W 3 -, HW 2 N-, HO-CW 2 W 3 -NH-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-NH-, CH2=CH-(COO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 -, CH2=CH-(CO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 -, Phe-CH=CH-, HOOC-, OCN- and W 4 W 5 W 6 Si—, wherein W 1 represents H, F, Cl, CN, CF3, phenyl or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, F, Cl or CH3, and W 2 and W 3 each independently of one another denotes H or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, W 4 , W 5 and W 6 each independently represents Cl, oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, W 7 and W 8 each independently of one another represents H, Cl or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, Phe represents 1,4-phenylene optionally substituted with one or more substituents L as defined above in formula M other than P-Sp-, k1, k2 and k3 each independently of one another represents 0 or 1, k3 preferably represents 1 and k4 represents an integer from 1 to 10.

[0535] A highly preferred group P is CH2=CW 1 -CO-O-, CH2=CW 1-CO-, [ka] CH2=CW 2 -O-, CH=CW 2 -, CW 1 =CH-CO-(O) k3 -, CW 1 =CH-CO-NH-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-NH-, (CH2=CH)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-CO-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-NH-, CH2=CH-(COO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 -, CH2=CH-(CO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 -, Phe-CH=CH- and W 4 W 5 W 6 Si—, wherein W 1 represents H, F, Cl, CN, CF3, phenyl or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, F, Cl or CH3, and W 2 and W 3 each independently of one another denotes H or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, W 4 , W 5 and W 6 each independently represents Cl, oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, W 7 and W 8 each independently represent H, Cl, or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms; Phe represents 1,4-phenylene; k1, k2, and k3 each independently represent 0 or 1; k3 preferably represents 1; and k4 represents an integer of 1 to 10.

[0536] Very particularly preferred groups P are CH2=CW 1-CO-O-, in particular CH2=CH-CO-O-, CH2=C(CH3)-CO-O- and CH2=CF-CO-O-, further CH2=CH-O-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-CO-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-, [ka] is selected from the group consisting of:

[0537] More preferably, the polymerizable group P is selected from the group consisting of vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane and epoxide, most preferably from the group consisting of acrylate and methacrylate.

[0538] Sp, when different from a single bond, is preferably of the formula Sp"-X", so that each substituent P-Sp- corresponds to the formula P-Sp"-X"-, wherein: Sp" represents alkylene having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 12, C atoms, which may optionally be mono- or polysubstituted by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, provided that in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH groups are each independently of one another -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N(R 0 )-, -Si(R 0 R 00 )-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -N(R 00 )-CO-O-, -O-CO-N(R 0 )-, -N(R 0 )-CO-N(R 00 -, -CH=CH- or -C≡C- may be substituted such that the O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to one another, “X” is -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CO-N(R 0 )-, -N(R 0 )-CO-, -N(R 0 )-CO-N(R 00)-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CF2S-, -SCF2-, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CF2-, -CH=N-, -N=CH-, -N=N-, -CH=CR 0 -, -CY 2 =CY 3 represents -, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH=CH- or a single bond; R 0 and R 00 each independently represent H or alkyl having 1 to 20 C atoms, Y 2 and Y 3 each independently represents H, F, Cl or CN.

[0539] X" is preferably -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-COO-, or -CO-NR 0 -, -NR 0 -CO-, -NR 0 -CO-NR 00 - or a single bond.

[0540] Exemplary spacer groups Sp and -Sp"-X"- include, for example, -(CH2) p1 -, -(CH2CH2O) q1 -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2-S-CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2-NH-CH2CH2- or -(SiR 0 R 00 -O) p1 wherein p1 is an integer from 1 to 12, q1 is an integer from 1 to 3, and R 0 and R 00 has the meaning given above in formula M.

[0541] Particularly preferred groups Sp and -Sp"-X"- are -(CH2) p1 -, -(CH2) p1 -O-, -(CH2) p1 -O-CO-, -(CH2) p1 -CO-O-, -(CH2) p1-O-CO-O-, in which p1 and q1 have the meanings given above.

[0542] Particularly preferred radicals Sp" are in each case linear ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, octadecylene, ethyleneoxyethylene, methyleneoxybutylene, ethylenethioethylene, ethylene-N-methyliminoethylene, 1-methylalkylene, ethenylene, propenylene and butenylene.

[0543] For the production of PSA displays, the polymerizable compounds contained in the LC medium are polymerized or (if one compound contains more than one polymerizable group) crosslinked by in situ polymerization in the LC medium between the substrates of the LC display, optionally with application of a voltage to the electrodes.

[0544] The structure of the PSA display according to the present invention corresponds to the usual configuration of a PSA display as described in the prior art cited at the beginning. A configuration without protrusions is preferred, in particular one in which the electrode on the color filter side is unstructured and only the electrode on the TFT side has slots. A particularly suitable and preferred electrode structure for PS-VA displays is described, for example, in US Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 0066793.

[0545] The combination of the compounds of the above-mentioned preferred embodiments with the above-mentioned polymerizable compounds leads in the LC media according to the invention to consistently high clearing points and high VHR values, as well as low threshold voltages, low rotational viscosities and very good low-temperature stability.

[0546] The use of an LC medium containing a polymerizable compound allows particularly low pretilt angles to be rapidly established in PSA displays, and the LC medium also shows significantly reduced response times, especially gray-scale response times, in PSA displays compared to media from the prior art.

[0547] LC media having a nematic LC phase, preferably no chiral liquid crystal phase, are generally preferred.

[0548] The present invention also relates to the use of an LC medium according to the invention as described above and below for electro-optical purposes, in particular for use in shutter glasses, for 3D applications in TN, PS-TN, STN, TN-TFT, OCB, IPS, PS-IPS, FFS, HB-FFS, XB-FFS, PS-FFS, positive VA and positive PS-VA displays, and also to electro-optical displays, in particular of the aforementioned types and comprising an LC medium according to the invention as described above and below, in particular TN, PS-TN, STN, TN-TFT, OCB, IPS, PS-IPS, FFS, HB-FFS, XB-FFS, PS-FFS, positive VA (vertically aligned) or positive PS-VA displays.

[0549] The present invention also relates to an electro-optical display, such as an STN or matrix LC (MLC) display, having two flat parallel outer plates which together with a frame form a cell, integrated non-linear elements for switching individual pixels on the outer plates, and a nematic LC medium having positive dielectric anisotropy and high resistivity disposed in the cell, wherein the nematic LC medium is an LC medium according to the invention as described above and below.

[0550] The LC media according to the invention allow a significant expansion of the range of available parameters: the achievable combination of clearing point, viscosity at low temperature, thermal and UV stability and high optical anisotropy is far superior to that of prior art materials.

[0551] In particular, the compounds of formulae G and U, in combination with compounds of formulae LP1 and / or LP2, and optionally with compounds selected from formulae II to XXXIII or their sub-formulae, can be used to obtain low rotational viscosities and low values ​​of the ratio γ1 / K1, while exhibiting moderately positive dielectric anisotropy and at the same time a low dielectric constant ε perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the LC molecules. ⊥This leads to an LC medium with increased luminance. This allows for energy-saving LC displays, especially in FFS, HB-FFS, XB-FFS and IPS modes, with high brightness and transmittance and low response times.

[0552] The LC media according to the invention are suitable for mobile applications, such as mobile phones and PDAs, and for TFT applications. Furthermore, the LC media according to the invention are particularly suitable for use in FFS, HB-FFS, XB-FFS and IPS displays based on dielectrically positive liquid crystals.

[0553] The LC media according to the invention retain a nematic phase down to -20°C, preferably down to -30°C, particularly preferably down to -40°C, and a clearing point above 75°C, preferably above 80°C, while at the same time achieving a rotational viscosity γ1 of 120 mPa·s or less, particularly preferably 100 mPa·s or less, thereby enabling excellent MLC displays with fast response times. The rotational viscosity is determined at 20°C.

[0554] The dielectric anisotropy Δε of the LC media according to the invention at 20° C. and 1 kHz is preferably greater than or equal to +1.5, very preferably between +3 and +18, most preferably between +5 and +15.

[0555] The birefringence Δn at 20° C. of the LC media according to the invention is preferably between 0.08 and 0.2, very preferably between 0.09 and 0.15.

[0556] The rotational viscosity γ1 of the LC media according to the invention is preferably ≦120 mPs·sec, more preferably ≦110 mPs·sec, very preferably ≦90 mPs·sec.

[0557] The ratio γ1 / K1 of the LC media according to the invention (where γ1 is the rotational viscosity and K1 is the elastic constant in splay deformation) is preferably 7 mPs·sec / pN or less, very preferably 6 mPs·sec / pN or less, most preferably 5.5 mPs·sec / pN or less.

[0558] The average elastic constants ratio K of the LC medium according to the present inventionav is preferably at least 14.0 pN, very preferably at least 15.0 pN, and most preferably at least 16.0 pN. av can be calculated according to the following formula:

number

[0559] The nematic phase range of the LC media according to the invention preferably has a width of at least 90° C., more preferably at least 100° C., particularly preferably at least 110° C. This range preferably extends from at least −25° C. to +90° C.

[0560] Of course, by suitable selection of the components of the LC media according to the invention, it is possible to achieve higher clearing points (e.g., above 100°C) at higher threshold voltages, or lower clearing points at lower threshold voltages, while retaining other advantageous properties. It is also possible to obtain LC media with higher Δε and thus lower thresholds, with only a correspondingly small increase in viscosity. The MLC displays according to the invention preferably operate at the first transmission minimum of Gooch and Tarry [C.H. Gooch and H.A. Tarry, Electron. Lett. 10, pp. 2-4, 1974; C.H. Gooch and H.A. Tarry, Appl. Phys. 8, pp. 1575-1584, 1975], where a lower dielectric anisotropy is sufficient to obtain the same threshold voltage as comparable displays at the second minimum, in addition to particularly favorable electro-optical properties, such as high characteristic line steepness and low angle dependence of contrast (DE 30 22 818). For this reason, the use of an LC medium according to the invention at the first minimum makes it possible to achieve significantly higher resistivity values ​​than when the LC medium contains cyano compounds.By appropriate selection of the individual components and their weight proportions, a person skilled in the art can use simple conventional methods to set the required birefringence for a predefined layer thickness in an MLC display.

[0561] By measuring the voltage holding ratio (HR) [S. Matsumoto et al., Liquid Crystals, Vol. 5, p. 1320 (1989); K. Niwa et al., Proc. SID Conference, San Francisco, June 1984, p. 304 (1984); G. Weber et al., Liquid Crystals, Vol. 5, p. 1381 (1989)], the following formula was obtained: [ka] or cyanophenylcyclohexanes of the formula [ka] It has been shown that the LC media according to the invention containing the compounds of formulae ST-1, ST-2, RV, IA and IB exhibit a significantly smaller decrease in HR upon exposure to UV than similar LC media containing esters of formulae ST-1, ST-2, RV, IA and IB.

[0562] The light and UV stability of the LC media according to the invention is very good, ie they show a significantly smaller decrease in HR upon exposure to light, heat or UV.

[0563] The construction of the MLC display according to the invention from polarizers, electrode substrates and surface-treated electrodes corresponds to the conventional design of this type of display, and in this specification the term conventional design is used in a broad sense to include all derivatives and modifications of MLC displays, in particular matrix display elements based on polycrystalline silicon TFTs or MIMs.

[0564] However, the major difference between the display according to the present invention and previous conventional displays based on twisted nematic cells lies in the choice of LC parameters of the LC layer.

[0565] The LC media that can be used according to the invention are prepared in a conventional manner, for example by mixing one or more compounds of claim 1 with one or more compounds of formulae II to XXXII or with further LC compounds and / or additives. Generally, the desired amount of the component used in the smaller amount is dissolved in the component that constitutes the main composition, advantageously at elevated temperature. It is also possible to mix solutions of the components in an organic solvent, for example acetone, chloroform or methanol, and, after thorough mixing, remove the solvent again, for example by distillation.

[0566] The LC medium may also contain further additives known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature, such as polymerization initiators, inhibitors, surface-active substances, light stabilizers, antioxidants, e.g., BHT, TEMPOL, microparticles, free-radical scavengers, nanoparticles, etc. For example, 0-15% of pleochroic dyes or chiral dopants or initiators such as Irgacure® 651 or Irgacure® 907 can be added. Suitable stabilizers and dopants are listed in Tables F and G below. In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium contains one or more stabilizers selected from Table G. Preferably, the proportion of stabilizers, such as those of formulae ST and H as listed above or in Table G, in the LC medium is 10-2000 ppm, very preferably 30-1000 ppm.

[0567] Furthermore, the LC medium can contain, for example, 0 to 15% by weight of pleochroic dyes, nanoparticles, conductive salts, preferably ethyl dimethyldodecylammonium 4-hexoxybenzoate, tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate, or crown ether complex salts (e.g., Haller et al., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 24, 249-258 (1973)), substances that improve the electrical conductivity, or substances that modify the dielectric anisotropy, viscosity, and / or alignment of the nematic phase. Substances of this type are described, for example, in DE-A 22 09 127, DE-A 22 40 864, DE-A 23 21 632, DE-A 23 38 281, DE-A 24 50 088, DE-A 26 37 430, and DE-A 28 53 728.

[0568] In the present invention and in the following examples, the structures of LC compounds are represented by acronyms and converted to chemical formulas according to the following Tables A to C. m H 2m+1 , C n H 2n+1 and C l H 2l+1 or C m H2 m-1 , C n H2 n-1 and C l H 2l-1 are linear alkyl or alkylene groups, each having n, m and l carbon atoms in each case. Preferably, n, m and l are each independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7. Table A shows the codes for the ring elements of the nucleus of the compounds, Table B lists the bridging units, and Table C lists the meaning of the symbols for the leftmost and rightmost groups of the molecule. The acronyms consist of the code for the ring element with an optional linking group, followed by the code for the first hyphen and the leftmost group, and the code for the second hyphen and the rightmost group. Table D shows exemplary structures of compounds with their respective abbreviations.

[0569] <Table A: Ring elements>

[0570] [Table 1]

[0571] [Table 2]

[0572] [Table 3]

[0573] <Table B: Crosslinking Units>

[0574] [Table 4]

[0575] <Table C: Terminal group>

[0576] [Table 5]

[0577] [Table 6]

[0578] In the table, n and m are each integers, and the three dots "..." are places for other abbreviations from this table.

[0579] The following abbreviations are used: (n, m, k and l are each independently an integer, preferably 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 6; k and l may be 0, preferably 0 to 4, more preferably 0 or 2, most preferably 2; n is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; in the combination "-nO-", it is preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4, more preferably 2 or 4; m is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; in the combination "-Om", it is preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4, more preferably 2 or 4. The combination "-lVm" is preferably "2V1".)

[0580] Preferred components of the LC medium are given in Tables D and E.

[0581]

[0582] [Table 7]

[0583] [Table 8]

[0584] [Table 9]

[0585] [Table 10]

[0586] In the following formulae, n and m each independently represent 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12, in particular 2, 3, 5, and more particularly 0, 4, 6.

[0587] [Table 11]

[0588]

Table 12

[0589]

Table 13

[0590]

Table 14

[0591]

Table 15

[0592] Table 16

[0593] Table 17

[0594] Table 18

[0595] Table 19

[0596] Table 20

[0597] Table 21

[0598] Table 22

[0599] [Table 23]

[0600] [Table 24]

[0601] [Table 25]

[0602] Particularly preferred are LC media which comprise, in addition to a compound of the formula G, LP1 and / or LP2, at least one, two, three or more compounds from Table E.

[0603] Table F shows dopants which can generally be added to the LC media according to the invention: The LC media preferably contain from 0 to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.01 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 3% by weight, of dopant.

[0604] [Table 26]

[0605] [Table 27]

[0606] Stabilisers which can additionally be added to the LC media according to the invention in amounts of, for example, 0 to 10% by weight are mentioned below.

[0607] [Table 28]

[0608] [Table 29]

[0609] [Table 30]

[0610] [Table 31]

[0611] [Table 32]

[0612] [Table 33]

[0613] Table H shows exemplary reactive mesogenic compounds (RM) that can be used in the LC media according to the present invention.

[0614] [Table 34]

[0615] [Table 35]

[0616] [Table 36]

[0617] [Table 37]

[0618] Table 38

[0619] Table 39

[0620] Table 40

[0621] Table 41

[0622] Table 42

[0623] Table 43

[0624] Table 44

[0625] Table 45

[0626] Table 46

[0627] Table 47

[0628] Table 48

[0629] Table 49

[0630]

Table 50

[0631] Table 51

[0632] Table 52

[0633] Table 53

[0634] Table 54

[0635] Table 55

[0636] The LC media according to the invention preferably comprise one or more polymerizable compounds selected from the polymerizable compounds of the formulae RM-1 to RM-184. Among these, compounds RM-1, RM-4, RM-8, RM-17, RM-19, RM-35, RM-37, RM-39, RM-40, RM-41, RM-48 , RM-52, RM-54, RM-57, RM-58, RM-64, RM-74, RM-76, RM-88, RM-91, RM-102, RM-103, RM-1 09, RM-116, RM-117, RM-120, RM-121, RM-122, RM-139, RM-140, RM-142, RM-143, RM-145 , RM-146, RM-147, RM-149, RM-156 to RM-163, RM-169, RM-170 and RM-171 to RM-184 are particularly preferred.

[0637] Table I shows self-alignment additives for homeotropic alignment that can be used in the LC medium for SA-FFS, SA-HB-FFS and SA-XB-FFS displays according to the invention.

[0638] [Table 56]

[0639] [Table 57]

[0640] [Table 58]

[0641] [Table 59]

[0642] [Table 60]

[0643] Table 61

[0644] Table 62

[0645] Table 63

[0646] Table 64

[0647] Table 65

[0648] Table 66

[0649] Table 67

[0650] Table 68

[0651] Table 69

[0652] In a preferred embodiment, the LC media, SA-VA and SA-FFS displays according to the invention comprise one or more SA additives selected from the formulae SA-1 to SA-49, preferably from the formulae SA-14 to SA-49, very preferably from the formulae SA-20 to SA-34 and SA-44, in combination with one or more RM.

[0653] The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention without limiting it.

[0654] Above and below, percentage data represent weight percent. All temperatures are given in degrees Celsius. mp represents melting point and cl.p. represents clearing point. Furthermore, C represents crystalline state, N represents nematic phase, S represents smectic phase, and I represents isotropic phase. Data between these symbols represent transition temperatures. Furthermore, the following symbols are used:

[0655] V: Freedericks capacitance threshold voltage at 20°C [V] V 10 10% transmission voltage [V], n e The extraordinary refractive index measured at 20°C and 589 nm, n Normal refractive index measured at 20°C and 589 nm, Δn is the optical anisotropy measured at 20°C and 589 nm; ε ⊥ the permittivity (or "dielectric constant") perpendicular to the long axis of the molecule at 20°C and 1 kHz, ε ∥ the permittivity (or "dielectric constant") parallel to the long axis of the molecule at 20°C and 1 kHz, Δε dielectric anisotropy at 20 °C and 1 kHz; cl.p. or T(N,I) clearing point [°C], ν Flow viscosity measured at 20℃ [mm 2 ·s -1 ], γRotational viscosity measured at 120°C [mPa·s], Elastic constant for "splay" deformation at K120°C [pN], Elastic constant for "twist" deformation at K220℃ [pN], Elastic constant for "bend" deformation at K320℃ [pN] VHR (voltage holding ratio) Voltage holding ratio.

[0656] All physical properties are determined according to "Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals", November 1997, Merck KGaA, Germany, unless otherwise stated, and apply for a temperature of 20°C. [Example]

[0657] <Example M1> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0658] [Table 70]

[0659] The LC mixture has a K of 16.32 pN. av and γ1 / K1 of 3.29 mPa·s / pN.

[0660] <Mixture Example S1 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-5)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0661] [Table 71]

[0662] The addition of 50 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-5 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M1 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M1. 100 is significantly improved.

[0663] [ka]

[0664] <Example M2> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0665] [Table 72]

[0666] The LC mixture has a K of 15.93 pN. av and γ1 / K1 of 3.25 mPa·s / pN.

[0667] <Mixture Example S2 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-3)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0668] [Table 73]

[0669] The addition of 1000 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-3 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M2 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M2. 100 is significantly improved.

[0670] [ka]

[0671] <Example M3> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0672] [Table 74]

[0673] The LC mixture has a K of 16.43 pN. av and γ1 / K1 of 3.30 mPa·s / pN.

[0674] <Mixture Example S3 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-1)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0675] [Table 75]

[0676] The addition of 1000 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-1 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M3 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M3. 100 is significantly improved.

[0677] [ka]

[0678] <Example M4> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0679] [Table 76]

[0680] The LC mixture has a K of 16.35 pN. av and γ1 / K1 of 3.18 mPa·s / pN.

[0681] <Mixture Example S4 (stabilized with compound of formula ST-2-3)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0682] [Table 77]

[0683] The addition of 500 ppm of the compound of formula ST-2-3 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M4 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M4. 100 is significantly improved.

[0684] [ka]

[0685] <Example M5> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0686] [Table 78]

[0687] The LC mixture has a K of 16.43 pN. av and γ1 / K1 of 3.25 mPa·s / pN.

[0688] <Mixture Example S5 (stabilized with compound of formula ST-2-3)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0689] [Table 79]

[0690] The addition of 500 ppm of the compound of formula ST-2-3 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M5 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M5. 100 is significantly improved.

[0691] <Example M6> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0692] [Table 80]

[0693] [ka]

[0694] <Mixture Example S6 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-1)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0695] [Table 81]

[0696] The addition of 1000 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-1 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M6 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M6. 100 is significantly improved.

[0697] <Example M7> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0698] [Table 82]

[0699] [ka]

[0700] <Mixture Example S7 (stabilized with compound of formula ST-1-3)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0701] [Table 83]

[0702] The addition of 500 ppm of the compound of formula ST-1-3 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M7 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M7. 100 is significantly improved.

[0703] [ka]

[0704] <Example M8> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0705] [Table 84]

[0706] [ka]

[0707] <Mixture Example S8 (stabilized with compound of formula ST-1-3)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0708] [Table 85]

[0709] The addition of 500 ppm of the compound of formula ST-1-3 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M8 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M8. 100 is significantly improved.

[0710] <Example M9> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0711] [Table 86]

[0712] [ka]

[0713] <Mixture Example S9 (stabilized with compound of formula ST-2-3)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0714] [Table 87]

[0715] The addition of 500 ppm of the compound of formula ST-2-3 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M9 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M9. 100 is significantly improved.

[0716] <Example M10> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0717] [Table 88]

[0718] [ka]

[0719] <Mixture Example S10 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-4)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0720] [Table 89]

[0721] The addition of 50 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-4 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized mixture M10 without affecting the remaining physical properties of mixture M10. 100 is significantly improved.

[0722] [ka]

[0723] <Example M11> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0724] [Table 90]

[0725] [ka]

[0726] <Mixture Example S11 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-2)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0727] [Table 91]

[0728] The addition of 50 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-2 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M11 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M11. 100 is significantly improved.

[0729] [ka]

[0730] <Example M12> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0731] [Table 92]

[0732] The LC mixture has a K of 17.83 pN. av and γ1 / K1 of 3.61 mPa·s / pN.

[0733] <Mixture Example S12 (stabilized with the compound of formula ST-2-3)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0734] [Table 93]

[0735] The addition of 400 ppm of the compound of formula ST-2-3 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M12 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M12. 100 is significantly improved.

[0736] <Basic mixture M13> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0737] [Table 94]

[0738] <Mixture Example S13 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-7)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0739] [Table 95]

[0740] The addition of 1000 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-7 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M13 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M13. 100 is significantly improved.

[0741] [ka]

[0742] <Basic mixture M14> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0743] [Table 96]

[0744] <Mixture Example S14 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-8)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0745] [Table 97]

[0746] The addition of 1000 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-8 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M14 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M14. 100 is significantly improved.

[0747] [ka]

[0748] <Basic mixture M15> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0749] [Table 98]

[0750] <Mixture Example S15 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-9)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0751] [Table 99]

[0752] The addition of 50 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-9 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M15 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M15. 100 is significantly improved.

[0753] [ka]

[0754] <Basic mixture M16> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0755] [Table 100]

[0756] <Mixture Example S16 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-11)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0757] [Table 101]

[0758] The addition of 50 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-11 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M16 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M16. 100 is significantly improved.

[0759] [ka]

[0760] <Basic mixture M17> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0761] [Table 102]

[0762] <Mixture Example S17 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-10)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0763] [Table 103]

[0764] The addition of 50 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-10 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M17 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M17. 100 is significantly improved.

[0765] [ka]

[0766] <Basic mixture M18> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0767] [Table 104]

[0768] <Mixture Example S18 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-12)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0769] [Table 105]

[0770] The addition of 50 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-12 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M18 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M18. 100 is significantly improved.

[0771] [ka]

[0772] <Basic mixture M19> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0773] [Table 106]

[0774] <Mixture Example S19 (stabilized with the compound of formula ST-2-3)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0775] [Table 107]

[0776] The addition of 500 ppm of the compound of formula ST-2-3 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M19 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M19. 100 is significantly improved.

[0777] <Basic mixture M20> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0778] [Table 108]

[0779] <Mixture Example S20 (stabilized with the compound of formula ST-2-3)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0780] [Table 109]

[0781] The addition of 400 ppm of the compound of formula ST-2-3 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M20 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M20. 100 is significantly improved.

[0782] <Example M21 (present invention)> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0783] [Table 110]

[0784] <Mixture Example S21 (stabilized with the compound of formula ST-2-3)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0785] [Table 111]

[0786] The addition of 400 ppm of the compound of formula ST-2-3 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M21 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M21. 100 is significantly improved.

[0787] <Example M22 (present invention)> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0788] [Table 112]

[0789] <Mixture Example S22 (stabilized with the compound of formula ST-2-3)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0790] [Table 113]

[0791] The addition of 500 ppm of the compound of formula ST-2-3 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M22 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M22. 100 is significantly improved.

[0792] <Example M23 (present invention)> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0793] [Table 114]

[0794] <Mixture Example S23 (stabilized with the compound of formula ST-2-3)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0795] [Table 115]

[0796] The addition of 500 ppm of the compound of formula ST-2-3 significantly reduced the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized mixture M23 without affecting the physical properties of the rest of the mixture. 100 is significantly improved.

[0797] <Example M24 (present invention)> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0798] [Table 116]

[0799] <Mixture Example S24 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-6)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0800] [Table 117]

[0801] The addition of 50 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-6 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M24 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M24. 100 is significantly improved.

[0802] [ka]

[0803] <Example M25 (present invention)> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0804] [Table 118]

[0805] <Mixture Example S25 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-13)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0806] [Table 119]

[0807] The addition of 70 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-13 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M25 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M25. 100 is significantly improved.

[0808] [ka]

[0809] <Example M26 (present invention)> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0810] [Table 120]

[0811] <Mixture Example S26 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-14)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0812] [Table 121]

[0813] The addition of 100 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-14 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M26 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M26. 100 is significantly improved.

[0814] [ka]

[0815] <Example M27 (present invention)> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0816] [Table 122]

[0817] <Mixture Example S27 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-15)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0818] [Table 123]

[0819] The addition of 100 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-15 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M27 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M27. 100 is significantly improved.

[0820] [ka]

[0821] <Example M28 (present invention)> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0822] [Table 124]

[0823] <Mixture Example S28 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-16)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0824] [Table 125]

[0825] The addition of 100 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-16 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M28 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M28. 100 is significantly improved.

[0826] <Example M29 (present invention)> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0827] [Table 126]

[0828] <Mixture Example S29 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-17)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0829] [Table 127]

[0830] The addition of 100 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-17 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M29 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M29. 100 is significantly improved.

[0831] [ka]

[0832] <Example M30 (present invention)> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0833] [Table 128]

[0834] <Mixture Example S30 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-18)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0835] [Table 129]

[0836] The addition of 50 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-18 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M30 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M30. 100 is significantly improved.

[0837] <Example M31 (present invention)> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0838] [Table 130]

[0839] <Mixture Example S31 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-19)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0840] [Table 131]

[0841] The addition of 50 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-19 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M31 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M31. 100 is significantly improved.

[0842] [ka]

[0843] <Example M32 (present invention)> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0844] [Table 132]

[0845] <Mixture Example S32 (Stabilized with Compound of Formula ST-4-1)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0846] [Table 133]

[0847] The addition of 500 ppm of the compound of formula ST-4-1 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M32 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M32. 100 is significantly improved.

[0848] [ka]

[0849] <Example M33 (present invention)> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0850] [Table 134]

[0851] <Mixture Example S33 (stabilized with the compound of formula ST-4-2)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0852] [Table 135]

[0853] The addition of 800 ppm of the compound of formula ST-4-2 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M33 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M33. 100 is significantly improved.

[0854] [ka]

[0855] <Example M34 (present invention)> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0856] [Table 136]

[0857] <Mixture Example S34 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-20)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0858] [Table 137]

[0859] The addition of 50 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-20 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M34 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M34. 100 is significantly improved.

[0860] [ka]

[0861] <Example M35 (present invention)> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0862] [Table 138]

[0863] <Mixture Example S35 (stabilized with compound of formula H-3-21)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0864] [Table 139]

[0865] The addition of 50 ppm of the compound of formula H-3-21 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized Mixture M35 without affecting the remaining physical properties of Mixture M35. 100 is significantly improved.

[0866] [ka]

[0867] <Example M36 (present invention)> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0868] [Table 140]

[0869] <Mixture Example S36 (stabilized with compounds of formulas H-3-1 and ST-4-2)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0870] [Table 141]

[0871] The addition of compounds of formula H-3-1 and ST-2-3 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized mixture M36 without affecting the physical properties of the remaining mixture. 100 is significantly improved.

[0872] <Example M37 (present invention)> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0873] [Table 142]

[0874] [ka]

[0875] <Mixture Example S37 (stabilized with compounds of formulas H-3-2 and ST-4-2)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0876] [Table 143]

[0877] The addition of compounds of formula H-3-2 and ST-4-2 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized mixture M37 without affecting the physical properties of the remaining mixture. 100 is significantly improved.

[0878] <Example M38 (present invention)> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0879] [Table 144]

[0880] [ka]

[0881] <Mixture Example S38 (stabilized with compounds of formulas H-3-1 and ST-2-3)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0882] [Table 145]

[0883] The addition of compounds of formula H-3-1 and ST-2-3 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized mixture M38 without affecting the physical properties of the rest of the mixture. 100 is significantly improved.

[0884] <Example M39 (present invention)> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0885] [Table 146]

[0886] [ka]

[0887] <Mixture Example S39 (stabilized with compounds of formulas H-3-4 and ST-2-3)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0888] [Table 147]

[0889] The addition of compounds of formula H-3-4 and ST-2-3 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized mixture M39 without affecting the physical properties of the rest of the mixture. 100 is significantly improved.

[0890] <Basic mixture M40> The nematic LC mixture is formulated as follows:

[0891] [Table 148]

[0892] <Mixture Example S40 (stabilized with compounds of formulas H-3-1 and ST-1-3)> Nematic LC mixtures according to the present invention are formulated as follows:

[0893] [Table 149]

[0894] The addition of compounds of formula H-3-1 and ST-1-3 significantly increased the VHR after UV exposure compared to unstabilized mixture M40 without affecting the physical properties of the remaining mixture. 100 is significantly improved.

Claims

1. Liquid-crystalline medium, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds of the formula G and one or more compounds of the formula U 【Chemistry 1】 wherein the individual substituents have the following meanings: R １ , R ２ , R ４ and R ５ are each independently an H atom, a halogen atom, -CN, -SCN, -NCS, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 12 C atoms, or an alkenyl or alkenyloxy group having 2 to 12 C atoms (wherein the group has one or more non-adjacent CH ２ The groups are arranged so that the O atoms are not directly linked to each other, such as -C≡C-, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ -, -CH=CH-, 【Chemistry 2】 -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen atoms; or a cycloalkyl or cycloalkoxy group having 3 to 12 C atoms, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen atoms; R ３ and R ６ are each independently an H atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 C atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 3 C atoms, in which there are one or more non-adjacent CH ２ The groups are arranged so that the O atoms are not directly linked to each other, such as -C≡C-, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ optionally substituted by -, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-; A １ ~A ４ are each independently phenylene-1,4-diyl (in addition, one or two CH groups may be replaced by N, and one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen, CN, CH ３ , C.H.F. ２ , C.H. ２ F, C.F. ３ , O.C.H. ３ , O.C.H.F. ２ or O.C.F. ３ ), cyclohexane-1,4-diyl (in addition, one or two non-adjacent CH ２ The radicals may be replaced independently of one another by O and / or S, and one or more H atoms may be replaced by F.), cyclohexene-1,4-diyl, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, Z １ ~Z ４ are each independently -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ --, --CH ２ O-, -OCH ２ -, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -C ２ H ４ -, -C ２ F ４ -, -CF ２ CH ２ --, --CH ２ CF ２ -, -CFHCFH-, -CFHCH ２ --, --CH ２ CFH-, -CF ２ CFH-, -CFHCF ２ represents -, -CH=CH-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CF-, -C≡C- or a single bond; k, l, m, and n each independently represent 0, 1, 2, or 3.

2. In formulas G and U: R １ , R ２ , R ４ and R ５ is as defined in claim 1, A １ and A ３ each independently represents phenylene-1,4-diyl, cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, cyclohexene-1,4-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, Z １ and Z ３ each independently represents a single bond, k and m each independently represent 1; l and n each independently represent 0; 2. The medium according to claim 1 .

3. 3. The medium according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the compounds of the formulae G and U are selected from the group consisting of the following compounds: 【Chemistry 3】 【Chemistry 4】 【Chemistry 5】 【Chemistry 6】 (In the formula, R １ , R ２ , R ３ , R ４ , R ５ and R ６ is as defined in claim 1.

4. A medium according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the following formulae: 【Chemistry 7】 wherein the individual substituents have the following meanings: 【Chemistry 8】 【Chemistry 9】 R ０ In claim 1, R １ , R ４ and R ５ has one of the meanings given to X ０ In claim 4, X ０ has one of the meanings given to L １ ~L ６ each independently represents H, F or Cl, Y ０ are each independently H or CH ３ Represents.)

5. 5. The medium according to claim 4, wherein the one or more compounds of formula II are selected from the following subformulae: 【Chemistry 10】 【Chemistry 11】 (In the formula, R ０ and X ０ has the meaning given in formula II.

6. 5. The medium according to claim 4, wherein the one or more compounds of formula III are selected from the following subformulae: 【Chemistry 12】 【Chemistry 13】 【Chemistry 14】 【Chemistry 15】 【Chemistry 16】 (In the formula, R ０ and X ０ has the meaning given in formula III.

7. The medium according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the following formulae: 【Chemistry 17】 (In the formula, R ０ , X ０ , L １ , L ２ and Y ０ has the meaning given in claim 5, L ３ and L ４ are each independently L １ has one of the meanings given to Z ０ is -C ２ H ４ -, -(CH ２ ) ４ -, -CH=CH-, -CF=CF-, -C ２ F ４ --, --CH ２ CF ２ -, -CF ２ CH ２ --, --CH ２ O-, -OCH ２ -, -COO-, -CF ２ O- or -OCF ２ -, and in formulae V and VI also a single bond, and s represents 0 or 1.

8. A medium according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the following formulae: 【Chemistry 18】 【Chemistry 19】 wherein the individual substituents have the following meanings: "Alkyl" and "Alkyl ＊ " each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, "Alkenyl" and "alkenyl ＊ " each independently represent an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms.)

9. A medium according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the following formulae: 【Chemistry 20】 【Chemistry 21】 (In the formula, R １ and R ２ each independently of one another represents alkyl, alkoxy, oxaalkyl or fluoroalkyl, each having 1 to 6 C atoms, or alkenyl having 2 to 6 C atoms, and L １ and L each independently represent H, F or Cl.

10. The medium according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it further comprises one or more compounds selected from those of formulae LP1 and LP2. 【Chemical 22】 wherein the individual substituents have the following meanings: R ０ In claim 1, R １ , R ４ and R ５ has one of the meanings given to R ２ In claim 1, R ２ has one of the meanings given to L １ and L ２ each independently represents H, F or Cl, Y ０ is R in formulas U and G ３ and R ６ has one of the meanings given to ３ and X ０ represents an F atom, CN, SCN, NCS, or an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms, or an alkenyl or alkenyloxy group having 2 to 6 C atoms in which one or more H atoms are replaced by an F atom.

11. 11. The liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the following formulae: 【Chemistry 23】 (In the formula, R ０ , X ０ , Y ０ and L １～４ each independently of one another has one of the meanings given in claim 5.

12. A medium according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the following formulae: 【Chemistry 24】 (In the formula, 【Chemistry 25】 and Each R １ , X ０ and Y ０ In claim 5, R ０ , X ０ and Y ０ (The meanings set forth in the accompanying drawings are as set forth in the accompanying claims.)

13. A medium according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds of formula H. 【Chemistry 26】 (In the formula, R １１ each independently represents an H atom, an F, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms, provided that there is one -CH ２ - group or, if present, multiple -CH ２ The - group may be replaced by -O- or -(C=O)-, but two adjacent -CH ２ - group cannot be replaced by -O-, and one or, if present, multiple -CH ２ The - group may be replaced by -CH=CH- or -C≡C-, provided that the H atom or atoms are not F, OR １３ , N(R １３ ) (R １４ ) or R １５ may be replaced by, R １２ each independently represents a H atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms (provided that one —CH ２ - group or -CH ２ The - group may be replaced by -O- or -(C=O)-, but two adjacent -CH ２ -group cannot be replaced by -O-; a hydrocarbon group containing a cycloalkyl or alkylcycloalkyl unit (provided that one -CH ２ - group or -CH ２ The - group may be replaced by -O- or -(C=O)-, but two adjacent -CH ２ -group cannot be replaced by -O-, except that one H atom or multiple H atoms can be replaced by F, OR １３ , N(R １３ ) (R １４ ) or R １５ ) or an aromatic or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group (wherein one H atom or multiple H atoms may be replaced by OR １３ , N(R １３ ) (R １４ ) or R １５ ) may be replaced by R １３ and R １４ each independently represent an alkyl or acyl group having 1 to 10 C atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon or carboxylic acid group having 6 to 12 C atoms, R １５ each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 C atoms, provided that there is one -CH ２ - group or -CH ２ The - group may be replaced by -O- or -(C=O)-, but two adjacent -CH ２ -group cannot be replaced by -O-; R １６ are each independently an H atom, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 10 C atoms, an O-cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 C atoms, O ・ or OH, S １１ and S １２ each independently represents an alkylene group having 1 to 20 C atoms (provided that there is one —CH ２ - group or, if present, multiple -CH ２ The - group may be replaced by -O- or -(C=O)-, but two adjacent -CH ２ -group cannot be replaced by -O-, provided that one H atom or multiple H atoms are not replaced by F, OR １３ , N(R １３ ) (R １４ ) or R １５ or a single bond; Y １１ ~Y １４ each independently represents methyl or ethyl, X １１ represents C, Z １１ ~Z １４ are each independently —O—, —(C═O)—, —O—(C═O)—, —(C═O)—O—, —O—(C═O)—O—, —(N-R １３ ) -, -N-R １３ represents —(C═O)— or a single bond; S １１ When is a single bond, Z １１ and Z １２ do not simultaneously represent --O--; １２ When is a single bond, Z １３ and Z １４ do not simultaneously represent --O--; when q represents 0, Z １２ and Z １３ do not simultaneously represent -O-, p represents 1 or 2; q represents 0 or 1; o represents (3-p); n represents an integer from 1 to 10; m represents an integer from 0 to 8, n×p represents an integer from 1 to 10, preferably from 3 to 8; and 【Chemistry 27】 represents an organic moiety having (m+n) bonding sites.

14. A medium according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds of formula ST. 【Chemistry 28】 wherein the individual substituents have the following meanings: 【Chemical 29】 represents X ２１ , X ２２ are each independently —O—, —CH ２ --, --CHR ２３ -or-N-R ２３ - and R ２１ and R ２２ each independently represents an H atom, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 12 C atoms, an alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenyloxy or alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 12 C atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 C atoms (in which one or more non-adjacent CH ２ The groups are arranged so that the O atoms are not directly linked to each other, such as -C≡C-, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ -, -CH=CH-, 【Chemistry 30】 -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen atoms; or a cycloalkyl or cycloalkoxy group having 3 to 12 C atoms, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen atoms; R ２３ represents an H atom, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 10 C atoms, r represents 0 or 1.

15. The medium according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it comprises one or more additives selected from the group consisting of polymerization initiators, inhibitors, surfactants, light stabilizers, antioxidants, microparticles, free radical scavengers, nanoparticles, pleochroic dyes and chiral dopants.

16. 16. Process for the preparation of a liquid-crystalline medium according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that one or more compounds of formula G and one or more compounds of formula U are mixed with one or more mesogenic compounds and optionally one or more polymerizable compounds and / or one or more additives.

17. Use of a liquid-crystalline medium according to any one of claims 1 to 15 for electro-optical purposes.

18. Electro-optical liquid crystal display or an AR / VR headset comprising a liquid crystal medium according to any one of the preceding claims.

19. 20. An electro-optic liquid crystal display according to claim 18 which is a TN, PS-TN, STN, TN-TFT, OCB, IPS, PS-IPS, FFS, HB-FFS, XB-FFS, PS-HB-FFS, PS-XB-FFS, SA-HB-FFS, SA-XB-FFS, polymer stabilized SA-HB-FFS, polymer stabilized SA-XB-FFS, positive VA or positive PS-VA display.

20. 20. An electro-optical liquid crystal display according to claim 18, which is a FFS, HB-FFS, XB-FFS, PS-HB-FFS, PS-XB-FFS, IPS or PS-IPS display.

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