Speed reducer and construction machine

Abstract

To provide a speed reducer capable of performing sufficient cooling even on a planetary gear mechanism positioned above a liquid surface of lubricant.SOLUTION: A swirling speed reducer 11 has a housing 12 inside which lubricant OL is stored, planetary gear mechanisms 15, 21, and 25 that are arranged in vertically multiple stages within the housing 12, and reduce the rotation of a swirling motor 10; and an output shaft 29. The multiple-stage planetary gear mechanisms 15, 21, 25 include a first-stage planetary gear mechanism 15 located in the uppermost stage and above a liquid level OL1 of the lubricant OL in the housing 12, and second- and third-stage planetary gear mechanisms 21, 25 located below the first-stage planetary gear mechanism 15 and below the liquid level OL1 of the lubricant OL in the housing 12. The first-stage planetary gear mechanism 15 is provided with a first oil guide mechanism including a recess part 18D formed on the outer peripheral part of a carrier 18 to guide the lubricant OL upward when the swirling motor 10 rotates.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a reducer equipped with a planetary gear mechanism and a construction machine. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a reducer connected to a vertical drive shaft, the reducer comprising: a housing for storing lubricating oil; a first reduction mechanism housed within the housing and having a first sun gear provided at the lower end of the drive shaft, a first ring gear surrounding the first sun gear, and a first planetary gear formed between the first sun gear and the first ring gear and positioned in a first annular space exposed from the lubricating oil when the drive shaft is stopped; a second reduction mechanism housed within the housing and having a second sun gear positioned below the first sun gear, a second ring gear surrounding the second sun gear, and a second planetary gear positioned in a second annular space between the second sun gear and the second ring gear; and an oil supply passage having an outlet provided above the first annular space and an inlet provided above the second annular space. In this reducer, the meshing force between the second planetary gear and the second ring gear in the second reduction mechanism pumps up the lubricating oil, supplying it to the first reduction mechanism, which is located above the lubricating oil level, and cooling it. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-214586 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, since the lubricating oil pumped up in this manner is supplied to the first reduction mechanism while containing frictional heat generated at the meshing portion between the planetary gear and the ring gear in the second reduction mechanism, the temperature of the lubricating oil becomes relatively high, making it difficult to sufficiently cool the sun gear, planetary gears, etc. of the first-stage reduction mechanism with the supplied lubricating oil.

[0005] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and its object is to provide a reducer that can provide sufficient cooling even for a planetary gear mechanism that is located above the lubricating oil surface, and a construction machine that uses the same. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a construction machine having a housing provided on an upper rotating body of the construction machine and storing lubricating oil therein, a planetary gear mechanism provided in upper and lower stages within the housing and reducing the rotation of a swing motor, and an output shaft that outputs the rotation reduced by the multi-stage planetary gear mechanism, wherein each of the multi-stage planetary gear mechanisms comprises a sun gear, a plurality of planetary gears that mesh with the sun gear and internal teeth provided on the housing and that revolve around the sun gear while rotating on their own axes, and a gear that rotates the plurality of planetary gears. and a carrier that can movably support the carrier, the multi-stage planetary gear mechanism includes one first planetary gear mechanism located at the top stage and above the liquid level of the lubricating oil in the housing, and at least one second planetary gear mechanism located at a stage lower than the first planetary gear mechanism and below the liquid level of the lubricating oil in the housing, and the first planetary gear mechanism is provided with a first oil guide mechanism that guides the lubricating oil upward through a recess formed on the outer periphery of the carrier. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to the present invention, it is possible to sufficiently cool even the planetary gear mechanism located above the liquid surface of the lubricating oil. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] 1 is a left side view showing the overall external structure of a hydraulic excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the overall structure of the turning device shown in FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of a main portion, illustrating the structure in the vicinity of the first stage planetary gear mechanism shown in FIG. 2. [Figure 4] 4( a ) is a schematic top view showing the general structure of the carrier of the first stage planetary gear mechanism and its vicinity as seen from the direction D in FIG. 3 , and a schematic top view showing the configuration of FIG. 4( a ) with the carrier omitted. [Figure 5] FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the swing device for explaining the liquid surface position of the lubricating oil when the swing motor is stopped. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the swing device for explaining the liquid surface position of the lubricating oil when the swing motor is rotating. [Figure 7] 7A and 7B are a perspective view, a top view, and a partial cross-sectional view taken along the line CC in FIG. 7B, showing the detailed structure of the carrier. [Figure 8] 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a swing device for explaining the behavior of lubricating oil guided by an oil guide mechanism when a swing motor is rotating. FIG. [Figure 9] 10A and 10B are perspective and top views of a carrier for explaining the oil guiding behavior of lubricating oil by an oil guiding mechanism when a swing motor is rotating; [Figure 10] 4A and 4B are a rear plan view and a perspective view, seen from the direction B in FIG. 3, showing the detailed structure of a lid portion of a swing motor case in a modified example in which the lid portion is dome-shaped. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, the up-down direction, the front-rear direction, and the left-right direction correspond to the directions of arrows shown in FIG.

[0010] <Overall overview of the hydraulic excavator> 1 shows the overall configuration of a hydraulic excavator 50 as an example of construction machinery. In the following description of the present application, the hydraulic excavator will be used as an example.

[0011] 1 and 2, the hydraulic excavator 50 has a self-propelled lower traveling body 1 and an upper rotating body 2 provided so as to be rotatable relative to the lower traveling body 1 via a slewing ring 31. The upper rotating body 2 has a rotating frame 3 at its bottom.

[0012] A cab 5 is disposed on the left and front side of the revolving frame 3, and a counterweight CW is disposed at the rear. The cab 5 is provided with a driver's seat (not shown) where an operator sits and operates each part of the hydraulic excavator 50. In addition, a plurality of onboard devices (not shown) such as an engine and a hydraulic pump are mounted on the revolving frame 3, and these multiple onboard devices are covered by a building cover 4. A counterweight 6 is provided at the rear of the revolving frame 3.

[0013] A working device 7 for performing work such as excavating earth and sand is provided on the upper rotating body 2 so as to be movable up and down. The working device 7 includes a boom 7A, an arm 7B, and a bucket 7C.

[0014] <Rotation device> A slewing device 8 is provided between the lower traveling body 1 and the upper rotating body 2, and the upper rotating body 2 is rotatably mounted on the lower traveling body 1 via the slewing device 8. As shown in FIG. 2, the slewing device 8 has a mechanical brake 9, a slewing motor 10 consisting of an electric motor or a hydraulic motor, and a slewing reducer 11 consisting of three rear reduction stages.

[0015] <Swivel reducer> The slewing reducer 11 reduces the rotation speed of the rotary shaft 10A of the slewing motor 10 and outputs the reduced rotation speed to an output shaft 29. The slewing reducer 11 has a housing 12 mounted on the slewing frame 3 of the upper slewing body 2, upper and lower multiple-stage (three-stage in this example) planetary gear mechanisms 15, 21, 25, the output shaft 29, and a pinion gear 30.

[0016] The housing 12 is composed of a lower housing 12A attached to the top surface of the revolving frame 3 using bolts 13, and an upper housing 12B attached to the lower housing 12A using bolts 14. A case 10B of the revolving motor 10 is attached to the upper housing 12B. A generally box-shaped lid 10C is provided on the case 10B facing the upper housing 12B.

[0017] <Planetary gear mechanism> The three-stage planetary gear mechanism includes a first-stage planetary gear mechanism 15, a second-stage planetary gear mechanism 21, and a third-stage planetary gear mechanism 25.

[0018] <First stage planetary gear mechanism> 2, 3, 4(a), and 4(b), the first-stage planetary gear mechanism 15 is provided below the swing motor 10, i.e., at the uppermost stage of the three-stage planetary gear mechanisms 15, 21, and 25, and reduces the rotation speed of the swing motor 10. The first-stage planetary gear mechanism 15 has a sun gear 16, a plurality of planetary gears 17 (three in this example), and a carrier 18. The cover portion 10C provided on the case 10B of the swing motor 10 is attached to the upper housing 12B so as to face the first-stage planetary gear mechanism 15 from above.

[0019] The sun gear 16 is engaged with the rotary shaft 10A of the swing motor 10, rotates in synchronization with the rotary shaft 10A, and transmits power to each planetary gear 17. The planetary gears 17 are rotatably attached via bearings 20a to each support shaft 19 inserted into a hole 18x of the carrier 18, and mesh with the internal teeth 12a (ring gear) provided on the inside of the upper housing 12B and the sun gear 16. As the sun gear 16 rotates, each planetary gear 17 rotates and revolves around the sun gear 16.

[0020] The carrier 18 rotatably supports each planetary gear 17 via a support shaft 19 and a bearing 20 a. The center of the carrier 18 engages with a sun gear 22 of a second-stage planetary gear mechanism 21, and transmits power from the first-stage planetary gear mechanism 15 to the second-stage planetary gear mechanism 21.

[0021] <Second stage planetary gear mechanism> 2 and 3, the second-stage planetary gear mechanism 21 is provided below the first-stage planetary gear mechanism 15, i.e., at the middle stage of the three-stage planetary gear mechanisms 15, 21, and 25. Similar to the first-stage planetary gear mechanism 15, the second-stage planetary gear mechanism 21 has a sun gear 22, a plurality of planetary gears 23, and a carrier 24.

[0022] The sun gear 22 is engaged with the carrier 18 of the first stage planetary gear mechanism 15, rotates in synchronization with the carrier 18, and transmits power to each planetary gear 23. The planetary gears 23 are rotatably attached to each support shaft 24A of the carrier 24 via bearings 20b, and mesh with the internal teeth 12b (ring gear) provided on the inside of the upper housing 12B and the sun gear 22. As the sun gear 22 rotates, each planetary gear 23 rotates and revolves around the sun gear 22.

[0023] The carrier 24 rotatably supports each planetary gear 23 via a support shaft 24A and a bearing 20b. The center of the carrier 24 engages with a sun gear 26 of the third-stage planetary gear mechanism 25, and transmits power from the second-stage planetary gear mechanism 21 to the third-stage planetary gear mechanism 25.

[0024] <Third stage planetary gear mechanism> 2, the third-stage planetary gear mechanism 25 is provided below the second-stage planetary gear mechanism 21, i.e., the lower stage of the three-stage planetary gear mechanisms 15, 21, 25. Similar to the first and second-stage planetary gear mechanisms 15, 21, the third-stage planetary gear mechanism 25 has a sun gear 26, a plurality of planetary gears 27, and a carrier 28.

[0025] The sun gear 26 is engaged with the carrier 24 of the second stage planetary gear mechanism 21, rotates in synchronization with the carrier 24, and transmits power to each planetary gear 27. The planetary gears 27 are rotatably attached to each support shaft 28A of the carrier 28 via bearings 20c, and mesh with the sun gear 26 and internal teeth 12c (ring gear) provided on the inside of the upper housing 12B. As the sun gear 26 rotates, each planetary gear 27 rotates and revolves around the sun gear 26.

[0026] The carrier 28 rotatably supports each planetary gear 27 via a support shaft 28A and a bearing 20c. The center of the carrier 28 engages with the output shaft 29, and transmits power from the third stage planetary gear mechanism 25 to a pinion gear 30 provided at the lower end of the output shaft 29.

[0027] <Slewing ring and pinion gear> The slewing ring 31 provided between the upper slewing body 2 and the lower traveling body 1 has an inner ring 31A fixed to an appropriate support part of the lower traveling body 1, an outer ring 31B fixed to the underside of the slewing frame 3, and a plurality of steel balls 31C installed between the inner ring 31A and the outer ring 31B. Internal teeth 31D are formed around the entire inner periphery of the inner ring 31A.

[0028] The pinion gear 30 protrudes downward from the lower housing 12A and engages with the internal teeth 31D of the slewing ring 31. When the pinion gear 30 rotates due to the rotation of the output shaft 29, which has been reduced in speed from the planetary gear mechanism 25, the outer ring 31B rotates relative to the inner ring 31A, causing the upper slewing body 2 to rotate on the lower running body 1.

[0029] <Upward lubricating oil introduction> Lubricating oil for lubricating the planetary gear mechanisms 15, 21, and 25 is stored within the housing 12. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, when the rotary shaft 10A of the swing motor 10 is stopped, at least a portion of the uppermost first-stage planetary gear mechanism 15 (first planetary gear mechanism) among the planetary gear mechanisms 15, 21, and 25 is located above a liquid level OL1 of the lubricating oil OL. The second-stage planetary gear mechanism 21 (second planetary gear mechanism) and the third-stage planetary gear mechanism 25 (second planetary gear mechanism) are all located below the liquid level OL1. Specifically, the liquid level OL1 of the lubricating oil OL is located below the planetary gear 17 of the first-stage planetary gear mechanism 15. In this example, the liquid level OL1 is located above the lowest part of the carrier 18.

[0030] On the other hand, when the rotating shaft 10A of the swing motor 10 rotates to swing the upper swing body 2, the rotational force of the rotating shaft 10A and the centrifugal force generated when the upper swing body 2 itself swings cause the portion of the lubricating oil OL on the inner circumferential surface side of the housing 12 to rise to a liquid level OL2, as shown in Fig. 6, resulting in an overall cone-shaped lubricating oil. In this case, in the third-stage planetary gear mechanism 25, the meshing force between the planet gear 27 and the internal teeth 12c guides the lubricating oil OL further upward, i.e., toward the second-stage planetary gear mechanism 21 (=second oil guide mechanism). Similarly, in the second-stage planetary gear mechanism 21, the meshing force between the planet gear 23 and the internal teeth 12b guides the lubricating oil OL further upward, i.e., toward the first-stage planetary gear mechanism 15 (=second oil guide mechanism).

[0031] However, even in this state, the upper portions of the planetary gear 17 and the carrier 18 are not yet immersed in the lubricating oil OL. The main feature of this embodiment is that the first stage planetary gear mechanism 15 is provided with an oil guiding mechanism (first oil guiding mechanism) that, when the liquid level OL2 of the lubricating oil OL rises due to the centrifugal force as shown in Figure 6, utilizes the action of the centrifugal force to guide the lubricating oil OL above the liquid level OL2. The following text will explain the details of this mechanism in order.

[0032] <Detailed shape of the carrier of the first stage planetary gear mechanism> Fig. 7(a) is a perspective view showing the detailed structure of the carrier 18 having a recess (described later) that constitutes part of the oil guide mechanism, Fig. 7(b) is a top view, and Fig. 7(c) is a partial cross-sectional view taken along line CC in Fig. 7(b). In Figs. 7(a) to 7(c), the carrier 18 provided in the first stage planetary gear mechanism 15 has an upper plate 18A, a lower plate 18B, a plurality of pillars 18C (three in this example) provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction between the upper plate 18A and the lower plate 18B, and notched recesses 18D provided on the outer periphery of the pillars 18C, in other words, on the outer periphery of the carrier 18.

[0033] <Approximately V-shaped recess> 7(a) to 7(c), the recess 18D has a substantially V-shaped cross section. Specifically, a first position 101a, which is the end of a ridge line 101 that forms the apex of the substantially V-shape on the upper plate 18A side, is closer to the axis K of the carrier 18 than a second position 101b, which is the end of the ridge line 101 on the lower plate 18B side. In other words, the distance ta from the first position 101a to the axis K is shorter than the distance tb from the second position 101b to the axis K, so the recess 18D has a structure that is inclined so as to approach the axis K.

[0034] <Groove on top surface> Furthermore, grooves 18E (first oil guide grooves) are formed on the upper end surface of carrier 18, i.e., the upper surface of upper plate 18A. These grooves 18E are connected to recesses 18D. In this example, two grooves 18E are connected to each recess 18D, for a total of six grooves 18E on carrier 18. As shown in FIG. 7(b), in a plan view, groove 18Ea, one of grooves 18E, has its starting point 18i set to the midpoint of one of the V-shaped ridges of recess 18D. Similarly, groove 18Eb, the other of grooves 18E, has its starting point 18i set to the midpoint of the other of the V-shaped ridges of recess 18D. Note that when grooves 18Ea and Eb are not particularly distinguished, they will hereinafter be collectively referred to simply as "groove 18E" (as in the drawings).

[0035] The end point 18e of each of the grooves 18Ea and 18Eb reaches an opening 18F located at the radial center of the carrier 18, and the width dimension w in plan view gradually increases from the start point 18i toward the end point 18e. For each of the grooves 18Ea and 18Eb, the widthwise center line from the start point 18i to the end point 18e in plan view does not pass through the axis K. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7(b), the distance between a pair of grooves 18Ea and 18Eb in plan view increases the closer they are to the axis K.

[0036] Moreover, groove 18E extends at a downward gradient, with end point 18e being lower than start point 18i. In other words, groove 18E extends from the connection point between the outer peripheral edge of the upper surface of upper plate 18A and recess 18D toward opening 18F (i.e., toward the corresponding sun gear 16) so as to gradually incline toward lower plate 18B.

[0037] <Oil guide hole of planetary gear support shaft> 2, in the first stage planetary gear mechanism 15, an oil guide hole 200 is provided inside the support shaft 19 arranged in the carrier 18. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the oil guide hole 200 includes an oil guide hole 201 provided so as to pass through a radially central portion of the support shaft 19 in a substantially vertical direction, and an oil guide hole 202 provided so as to pass through a longitudinally central portion of the support shaft 19 in a substantially horizontal direction and to communicate with the oil guide hole 201.

[0038] In the above description, the recess 18D in the carrier 18, the groove 18E in the upper plate 18A, and the oil guide hole 200 in the support shaft 19 constitute a first oil guide mechanism.

[0039] <Lubricant flow through the first oil guide mechanism> As shown in Fig. 6, when the rotation of the swing motor 10 causes the liquid level of the lubricating oil OL to rise into a cone shape including the liquid level OL2, the liquid level reaches the position of the recess 18D of the carrier 18 of the first-stage planetary gear mechanism 15 (see Fig. 6). At this time, based on the aforementioned shape of the recess 18D (substantially V-shaped cross section, tilted structure, etc.), the lubricating oil OL is guided by the recess 18D and lifted upward as shown in Figs. 8 and 9(a) (see arrow a in Figs. 8 and 9(a)). The lubricating oil OL supplied upward hits the inner wall of the lid 10C of the case 10B of the swing motor 10, bounces off onto the upper plate 18A of the carrier 18, drips, and enters the groove 18E (see arrow b in Fig. 8), or enters the groove 18E directly from the recess 18D. The lubricating oil OL flows in the groove 18E toward the center in the radial direction (see arrow c in FIGS. 8 and 9(b)), and flows toward the sun gear 16 through the opening 18F.

[0040] Furthermore, the portion of carrier 18 where planetary gear 17 is provided is similarly lifted upward (see arrow a' in FIG. 8) by the aftereffect of the lubricating oil OL rising due to recess 18D, and then bounces off the inner wall of lid portion 10C in the same manner as above, and enters oil guide hole 200 of support shaft 19 (see arrow b' in FIG. 8), or enters oil guide hole 200 directly from recess 18D. The lubricating oil OL that has entered oil guide hole 200 is supplied to bearing 20 that rotatably supports planetary gear 17, and further to planetary gear 17.

[0041] <Effects of the embodiment> As described above, the slewing reducer 11 of this embodiment has multiple stages of planetary gear mechanisms 15, 21, and 25 arranged vertically within the housing 12. Lubricating oil OL is stored within the housing 12 to lubricate and cool the planetary gear mechanisms 15, 21, and 25. In this embodiment, a first oil guide mechanism is provided only in the uppermost first-stage planetary gear mechanism 15, which is located above the liquid level OL1 of the lubricating oil OL within the housing 12.

[0042] In the first stage planetary gear mechanism 15, a recess 18D is formed on the outer periphery of the carrier 18, and the first oil guide mechanism guides the lubricating oil OL upward through this recess 18D. As a result, the lubricating oil OL guided upward does not contain frictional heat, which occurs when lubricating oil is guided upward by the meshing action of the planetary gear and the internal teeth (ring gear), and therefore, the first stage planetary gear mechanism 15, which is located above the liquid level OL1, can also be sufficiently cooled.

[0043] In particular, in this embodiment, the recess 18D is a notch having a substantially V-shaped cross section, i.e., a V-groove shape, which allows the lubricating oil OL in the housing 12 to be guided upward along the bottom of the V-groove when the upper rotating body 2 rotates.

[0044] Furthermore, particularly in this embodiment, the carrier 18 has a shape in which a first position 101a on the upper side of a ridgeline 101 that defines the apex of the substantially V-shape of the recessed portion 18D is closer to the axis K of the carrier 18 than a second position 101b on the lower side. The ridgeline 101 is inclined so that the first position 101a on the upper side is closer to the axis K than the second position 101b on the lower side, so that the end face of the carrier 18 facing the recessed portion 18D narrows in diameter upward. This causes the width of the oil guide passage facing the recessed portion 18D to expand in diameter upward. As a result, when the upper rotating body 2 rotates, the lubricating oil OL in the housing 12 is smoothly guided upward.

[0045] Furthermore, particularly in this embodiment, grooves 18E connected to the recesses 18D are formed on the upper surface of the upper plate 18A of the carrier 18. As a result, the lubricating oil OL that has ascended along the recesses 18D and reached the upper surface of the upper plate 18A and the upper space of the carrier 18 enters the grooves 18E and is guided along the upper surface of the upper plate 18A. As a result, the flow of the lubricating oil OL radially inward on the carrier 18 is promoted, and a wide area is cooled.

[0046] In particular, in this embodiment, groove 18E extends downward from start point 18i, which is the connection position with recess 18D at the outer peripheral edge of the upper surface of upper plate 18A, toward sun gear 16. Because groove 18E slopes downward toward the inside in the radial direction, lubricating oil OL reliably flows radially inward on carrier 18. Furthermore, the lubricating oil OL dripped into the groove 18E is supplied to the sun gear 16 side due to the downward gradient even when the rotation is not in progress, i.e., when the rotation shaft 10A of the rotation motor 10 is stopped. This also promotes cooling, and heat generation in the first stage planetary gear mechanism 15 is suppressed.

[0047] Furthermore, particularly in this embodiment, the lubricating oil OL that has ascended along the recess 18D and reached the upper surface of the upper plate 18A of the carrier 18 and the upper space of the carrier 18 is guided to the planetary gear 17 via the oil guide hole 200 in the support shaft 19 of the carrier 18. This further improves the cooling effect on the planetary gear 17.

[0048] Furthermore, particularly in this embodiment, the planetary gear mechanisms 21 and 25, which are located below the liquid level OL1 of the lubricating oil OL, guide the lubricating oil OL upward by the meshing of the planetary gears 23 and 27 with the internal teeth 12b and 12c. In this case, although the meshing of the planetary gears 23 and 27 with the internal teeth 12b and 12c causes an effect of frictional heat, this effect is mitigated by sufficient cooling by the above-mentioned first oil guide mechanism, and as a whole, sufficient cooling is achieved for the first stage planetary gear mechanism 15 above the liquid level OL1.

[0049] <Modification> The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and technical concept of the present invention. Such modifications will be described below. The same reference numerals will be used to designate parts equivalent to those in the above-described embodiment, and descriptions will be omitted or simplified as appropriate.

[0050] (1) When an oil guide mechanism is provided on the lid In this modification, an oil guide mechanism for guiding the lubricating oil OL as described above is also provided in the lid portion 10C of the case 10B, which is located above the first stage planetary gear mechanism 15. In this case, the lid portion 10C has, for example, a dome-like shape. Fig. 10(a) shows a rear plan view of the detailed structure of the lid portion 10C, as seen from a direction corresponding to direction B in Fig. 3, and Fig. 10(b) shows a perspective view thereof.

[0051] 10(a) and 10(b), the back side (lower surface) of the cover portion 10C is provided with a substantially annular first flange portion 10a located on the radially outer side, a substantially annular second flange portion 10b located on the radially inner side, and a circular hole 10c located further radially inner than the second flange portion 10b, i.e., toward the radial center. A plurality of oil guide grooves 300 (second oil guide grooves) are provided between the first flange portion 10a and the second flange portion 10b.

[0052] The oil guide grooves 300 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction so that the pitch between center lines L of the respective oil guide grooves 300 is a predetermined angle θ. Adjacent oil guide grooves 300 are separated by a partition portion 310. The partition portion 310 has substantially the same thickness as the second flange portion 10b, and has a linear frame portion 320 extending radially, and a triangular inclined wall 330 connecting the linear frame portion 320 and the first flange portion 10a.

[0053] The width s of the triangular inclined wall 330 gradually narrows from the first flange portion 10a to the second flange portion 10b, and the thickness u of the triangular inclined wall 330 gradually decreases from the first flange portion 10a to the second flange portion 10b. As a result, in each oil guide groove 300, the width v1 of the outer groove region 330A sandwiched between adjacent triangular inclined walls 330, 330 gradually widens toward the radial center, and the width v2 of the inner groove region 330B sandwiched between adjacent linear frame portions 320, 320 gradually narrows toward the radial center.

[0054] In this modification, the recess 18D in the carrier 18 and the groove 18E in the upper plate 18A, the oil guide hole 200 in the support shaft 19, and the oil guide groove 300 in the lid portion 10C constitute a first oil guide mechanism.

[0055] This modified example also achieves the same effects as the above-described embodiment. In addition, the lubricating oil OL that rises along the recess 18D and reaches the upper space of the carrier 18 is received by the lid portion 10C and guided in the desired direction (toward the radial center in this example) via the oil guide groove 300 provided in the lid portion 10C. This further improves the cooling effect on the planetary gears 17 and other components of the first-stage planetary gear mechanism 15.

[0056] (2) Other <About the problem to be solved and the effects of the invention> The problems to be solved by the invention and the effects of the invention are not limited to those described above. That is, the present invention may solve problems or achieve effects not described above, or may solve only some of the problems or achieve only some of the effects described above.

[0057] <About shape and structure> Concerning the components illustrated in the embodiments and drawings, the shapes and interrelationships between the structures of a plurality of components can be arbitrarily modified and improved within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention.

[0058] In addition to the above, the methods according to the above embodiments and modifications may be used in appropriate combination.

[0059] Although not specifically illustrated, the present invention can be implemented with various modifications within the scope of the invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0060] 1 Undercarriage 2 Upper rotating body 8 Swivel 10 Swing motor 10A Rotating shaft 10C Lid 11 Swing reducer 12 Housing 12a internal teeth 12b Internal teeth 12c internal teeth 15 First stage planetary gear mechanism (first planetary gear mechanism) 16 Sun Gear 17 Planetary gear 18 Career 18A Upper Plate 18D recess 18E groove (1st oil guide groove) 18e End 18i Starting point (connection position) 19 Support shaft 20 Bearings 21 Second stage planetary gear mechanism (second planetary gear mechanism) 22 Sun Gear 23 Planetary gear 25 Third stage planetary gear mechanism (second planetary gear mechanism) 30 Pinion gear 31 Swivel ring 31A Inner ring 31B outer ring 50 Hydraulic excavator (construction machinery) 101 Ridgeline 101a 1st position 101b 2nd position 200 Oil guide hole 300 Oil guide groove (second oil guide groove) K axis center OL1 liquid level OL2 liquid level

Claims

1. a housing in which lubricating oil is stored; a planetary gear mechanism provided in upper and lower stages within the housing to reduce the rotation speed of the motor; an output shaft that outputs rotation reduced by the multi-stage planetary gear mechanism; and In a reducer, each of the multi-stage planetary gear mechanisms includes a sun gear, a plurality of planet gears that mesh with internal teeth provided in the housing and the sun gear and that revolve around the sun gear while rotating on their own axes, and a carrier that rotatably supports the plurality of planet gears, The multi-stage planetary gear mechanism includes: a first planetary gear mechanism located at the top and above the liquid level of the lubricating oil in the housing; at least one second planetary gear mechanism located below the first planetary gear mechanism and below a liquid level of the lubricating oil in the housing; Including, The first planetary gear mechanism is provided with a first oil guide mechanism including a recess formed on the outer periphery of the carrier to guide the lubricating oil upward when the motor rotates. A reducer characterized by:

2. The reducer according to claim 1, The recess is a notch having a substantially V-shaped cross section. A reducer characterized by:

3. The reducer according to claim 2, The carrier is The notch has a shape in which a first position on an upper side of a ridge line that defines an apex of the substantially V-shape is closer to the axis of the carrier than a second position on a lower side thereof. A reducer characterized by:

4. The reducer according to claim 1, The first oil guide mechanism further includes: A first oil guide groove is formed on the upper surface of the carrier so as to be connected to the recess. A reducer characterized by:

5. The reducer according to claim 4, The first oil guide groove is The recess is formed on the outer peripheral edge of the upper surface, and extends downward from the connecting position with the recess toward the sun gear. A reducer characterized by:

6. The reducer according to claim 1, The first planetary gear mechanism comprises: a support shaft provided on the carrier and rotatably supporting the planetary gear via a bearing, The first oil guide mechanism further includes: The support shaft has an oil guide hole provided inside. A reducer characterized by:

7. The reducer according to claim 1, The lubricating oil guide mechanism further includes a cover portion attached to the housing so as to face the first planetary gear mechanism from above, the cover portion having a second oil guide groove for guiding the lubricating oil guided upward by the first oil guide mechanism. A reducer characterized by:

8. The reducer according to claim 1, The second planetary gear mechanism has a second oil guide mechanism that guides the lubricating oil upward by meshing between the planetary gear and the internal teeth. A reducer characterized by:

9. a lower running body; An upper rotating body; a slewing ring including an inner bearing ring provided on the lower traveling body and an outer bearing ring fixed to the upper rotating body, the slewing ring supporting the upper rotating body so that the upper rotating body can slew relative to the lower traveling body; a slewing reducer provided on the upper rotating body, the slewing reducer transmitting rotation output from an output shaft to the bearing inner ring to rotate the upper rotating body; Equipped with The turning reducer is a housing provided on the upper rotating body and configured to store lubricating oil therein; a planetary gear mechanism provided in upper and lower stages within the housing, the planetary gear mechanism reducing the rotation speed of the swing motor; the output shaft that outputs rotation reduced by the multi-stage planetary gear mechanism; and Each of the multi-stage planetary gear mechanisms includes a sun gear, a plurality of planetary gears that revolve around the sun gear while rotating on their own axes, and a carrier that rotatably supports the plurality of planetary gears. In a construction machine equipped with The multi-stage planetary gear mechanism includes: a first planetary gear mechanism located at the top and above the liquid level of the lubricating oil in the housing; at least one second planetary gear mechanism located below the first planetary gear mechanism and below a liquid level of the lubricating oil in the housing; Including, The first planetary gear mechanism is provided with an oil guide mechanism including a recess formed on the outer periphery of the carrier to guide the lubricating oil upward when the swing motor rotates. Construction machinery characterized by:

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