Ultrasonic anemometer

Abstract

To suppress an effect of rain drops to a measurement result.SOLUTION: An ultrasonic anemometer 100 includes an upper skeleton 10 that mounts an ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 30 so as to expose a bottom surface 30b of the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 30, and a lower skeleton 20 arranged so as to be spaced from the upper skeleton 10 at a predetermined distance in a first direction (Z-axis direction). An outer edge of the upper skeleton 10 includes an inclined part 45 formed so as to spread in a second direction (X-axis direction) crossing the first direction when viewed in the first direction.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to ultrasonic anemometers. [Background technology]

[0002] For example, a weather meter equipped with multiple sensors for observing meteorological elements is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The weather meter described in Patent Document 1 comprises a first unit, a second unit, a third unit, and a fourth unit. A raindrop sensor and a sunshine sensor are provided on the roof of the first unit. The second unit is attached below the first unit via a support. An ultrasonic wind direction and speed sensor is provided on the top surface of the second unit, and a barometric pressure sensor is disposed inside the second unit. The third unit is disposed below the second unit and houses a temperature sensor and a barometric pressure sensor. The fourth unit has a ventilator disposed to surround the third unit. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-210132 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Conventional technology has room for improvement in terms of the effects of raindrops.

[0005] The present disclosure provides an ultrasonic anemometer that can suppress the influence of raindrops on measurement results. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The ultrasonic anemometer of the present disclosure comprises an upper body on which an ultrasonic transmitter / receiver is mounted so that the bottom surface of the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver is exposed, and a lower body arranged a predetermined distance in a first direction from the upper body, and an inclined portion is formed on the outer edge of the upper body that extends in a second direction that intersects the first direction when viewed in the first direction. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] The present disclosure can provide an ultrasonic anemometer that can suppress the influence of raindrops on measurement results. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic perspective view illustrating an ultrasonic anemometer according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] 1 is a schematic plan view illustrating an ultrasonic anemometer according to a first embodiment. [Figure 3] 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the ultrasonic anemometer according to the first embodiment, taken along line III-III in FIG. 2. FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a main part of the umbrella portion. [Figure 5] 10 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a corner portion of the main body, a cavity portion, and a bottom portion of the umbrella portion. FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an ultrasonic anemometer according to a second embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] Hereinafter, an ultrasonic anemometer according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this specification and the drawings, substantially identical components may be designated by the same reference numerals to avoid redundant description. Furthermore, in this specification, the terms "upper" and "lower" may be used. These refer to the "upper" and "lower" states shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, where the side where the upper body 10 is located in the Z-axis direction is referred to as "upper" and the side where the lower body 20 is located as "lower."

[0010] [Ultrasonic anemometer 100 according to the first embodiment] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view illustrating an ultrasonic anemometer 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view illustrating the ultrasonic anemometer 100 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the ultrasonic anemometer 100 according to the first embodiment, taken along line III-III in FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a main portion of the umbrella portion 40. Note that in each drawing, the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction, which are orthogonal to each other, may be illustrated. The X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction do not have to be orthogonal to each other. The X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction may be any direction. The Z-axis direction is an example of a first direction. The X-axis direction is an example of a second direction intersecting with the first direction. The Y-axis direction is an example of a third direction intersecting with the first direction and the second direction. The X-axis direction and Y-axis direction may be reversed.

[0011] The ultrasonic anemometer 100 shown in Figures 1 to 3 is a wind direction and speed measurement device that measures the wind direction and speed of a fluid to be measured based on the propagation time of ultrasonic waves transmitted and received between an ultrasonic transmitter and an ultrasonic receiver. The ultrasonic anemometer 100 can determine the wind speed from fluctuations in the speed of sound in the air (approximately 340 m / s). The distance between the ultrasonic transmitter and the ultrasonic receiver is known, and the wind direction and speed of the fluid can be measured based on the difference in the propagation time of the ultrasonic waves.

[0012] As shown in FIG. 1, the ultrasonic anemometer 100 includes an upper body 10, a lower body 20, and multiple support columns 13. The upper body 10 and the lower body 20 are spaced apart in the Z-axis direction. The multiple support columns 13 extend in the Z-axis direction and support the upper body 10 relative to the lower body 20. The lower ends of the support columns 13 are fixed to the lower body 20, and the upper ends of the support columns 13 are fixed to the upper body 10. The upper body 10 is equipped with multiple ultrasonic transmitters / receivers 30 and a circuit board. As shown in FIG. 2, four ultrasonic transmitters / receivers 30 are arranged on the upper body 10. The ultrasonic transmitters / receivers 30 are arranged at the vertices of a substantially square.

[0013] As shown in FIG. 3, the ultrasonic anemometer 100 includes a top plate 11, a plurality of (for example, four) ultrasonic transmitters and receivers 30, and a reflector plate 21.

[0014] [Upper frame 10] The upper body 10 has a main body 15 and an umbrella portion 40. The main body 15 includes a top plate 11. The main body 15 is equipped with a plurality of ultrasonic transceivers 30. The top plate 11 is disposed at the bottom of the main body 15. The top plate 11 is, for example, disk-shaped. The top plate 11 is provided with a holder for holding the plurality of ultrasonic transceivers 30.

[0015] The upper body 10 holds the ultrasonic transceiver 30 so that the bottom surface 30b of the ultrasonic transceiver 30 is exposed. The ultrasonic transceiver 30 is held by the top plate 11, with the bottom surface 30b exposed downward. The umbrella portion 40 will be described later.

[0016] [1st plane 12] The top plate 11 has a first plane 12. The first plane 12 is a surface along the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. The first plane 12 is the bottom surface of the top plate 11.

[0017] [Multiple ultrasonic transmitters / receivers 30] As shown in Fig. 2, the multiple ultrasonic transmitters / receivers 30 include ultrasonic transmitters / receivers 31 to 34. The ultrasonic anemometer 100 may include three or more ultrasonic transmitters / receivers 30. The ultrasonic transmitters / receivers 30 are ultrasonic transmitters that transmit ultrasonic waves and ultrasonic receivers that receive ultrasonic waves. The ultrasonic transmitters / receivers 31 and 32 are positioned apart in the X-axis direction. The ultrasonic transmitters / receivers 33 and 34 are positioned apart in the Y-axis direction.

[0018] [Lower body 20] 3, the lower body 20 has a reflector 21. The lower body 20 is disposed at a predetermined distance from the upper body 10 in the Z-axis direction. A flow path 101 is formed between the upper body 10 and the lower body 20.

[0019] [Reflector 21] The reflecting plate 21 is provided on the upper part of the lower body 20. The reflecting plate 21 is disposed so as to face the top plate 11 in the Z-axis direction. A flow path 101 is formed between the top plate 11 and the reflecting plate 21, through which the fluid to be measured can pass. The fluid to be measured may be, for example, air. The reflecting plate 21 has a surface that reflects ultrasonic waves transmitted from the ultrasonic transceiver 30. The ultrasonic waves are emitted into the flow path 101 from the bottom surface 10b of the ultrasonic transceiver 30.

[0020] [2nd plane 22] The reflector 21 has a second plane 22. The second plane 22 may be the upper surface of the reflector 21. The second plane 22 is a plane that faces the first plane 12 in the Z-axis direction and is parallel to the second plane 22. The second plane 22 is a plane that extends along the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. The second plane 22 is disposed in the center of the reflector 21 when viewed in the Z-axis direction. The reflector 21 has, for example, a circular shape. Furthermore, when viewed in the Z-axis direction, the second plane 22 includes an area that overlaps with the first plane 12. The second plane 22 may be formed in the center of the reflector 21, or may be formed on the entire surface of the reflector 21.

[0021] [Reflected wave] The ultrasonic waves transmitted from the ultrasonic transceiver 30 on the transmitting side are reflected by the second plane 22 and received by the ultrasonic transceiver 30 on the receiving side.

[0022] [Umbrella section 40] As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the umbrella portion 40 is formed to surround the main body 15. The umbrella portion 40 is formed along the outer periphery of the main body 15. The umbrella portion 40 is an example of an inclined portion. The umbrella portion 40 has an annular shape when viewed in the Z-axis direction. The outer surface of the umbrella portion 40 forms an inclined surface 41.

[0023] As shown in FIG. 3, the lower part of the umbrella part 40 is formed to expand in the X-axis direction. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1, when the ultrasonic anemometer 100 is viewed as a whole, the lower part of the umbrella part 40 is formed to expand in the radial direction of the upper body 10. The radial direction of the upper body 10 is a direction intersecting the center line CL1 of the upper body 10 and includes the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. The radial direction may be the radial direction of a virtual circle centered on the center line CL1 of the upper body 10 shown in FIG. 3. The inclined surface 41 is inclined so that the lower side of the inclined surface 41 is located outward in the radial direction of the upper body 10 compared to the upper side of the inclined surface 41. The lower side of the inclined surface 41 is located outward in the radial direction of the upper body 10 compared to the upper side of the inclined surface 41.

[0024] The maximum outer diameter of the umbrella portion 40 is larger than the outer diameter of the reflector 21. In the X-axis direction, the tip 40a of the umbrella portion 40 is disposed radially outward from the end 20a of the upper surface of the reflector 21.

[0025] [Cavity 50] A hollow portion 50 is formed in the upper body 10. The hollow portion 50 is formed between the main body 15 and the umbrella portion 40 in the radial direction of the upper body 10. The hollow portion 50 is formed inside the umbrella portion 40 in the radial direction of the upper body 10. The hollow portion 50 is a recessed portion that is recessed upward. The hollow portion 50 is formed around the entire circumference of the umbrella portion 40. The hollow portion 50 is formed between the side surface 15a of the main body 15 and the inner surface 43 of the umbrella portion 40. The "inside" refers to the side closer to the center line CL1 of the upper body 10 shown in Figure 2. The "outside" refers to the side farther from the center line CL1 of the upper body 10.

[0026] [Corner portion 16a at the bottom of main body 15 of upper body 10] The bottom of the upper body 10 has a corner 16a that is positioned more inward than the umbrella portion 40 in the X-axis direction. The bottom of the upper body 10 includes the first flat surface 12 of the top plate 11. The corner 16a may be an end of the first flat surface 12. The corner 16a may be a lower end of the side surface 15a of the main body 15. The corner 16a includes a surface that contacts the hollow portion 50. The corner 16a may also include a surface that contacts the flow path 101. In a cross section along the Z-axis direction, the corner 16a is rounded. The corner 16a includes a curved surface. The corner 16a is formed around the entire periphery of the main body 15.

[0027] [Recess 17] As shown in FIG. 4 , a recess 17 is formed in the bottom of the main body 15. The recess 17 is a groove recessed above the first plane 12. The recess 17 is formed in an annular shape when viewed in the Z-axis direction. The recess 17 is located inside the corner 16a. The recess 17 is located outside the ultrasonic transceivers 30. The recess 17 is located so as to surround the ultrasonic transceivers 30. In other words, the ultrasonic transceivers 30 are located inside the annular recess 17. In the radial direction, a convex portion 18 is formed between the ultrasonic transceiver 30 and the recess 17, protruding toward the flow path 101 more than the bottom surface 30b of the ultrasonic transceiver 30. The recess 17 may be formed at a position higher than the bottom surface 30b of the ultrasonic transceiver 30 in the Z-axis direction, or may be formed at the same height as the bottom surface 30b.

[0028] [Inclination angle θ1 of inclined surface 41 of umbrella portion 40] The lower part of the umbrella part 40 has an inclined surface 41 having an inclination angle θ1 with respect to the Z-axis direction from the first plane 12. The inclination angle θ1 of the inclined surface 41 of the umbrella part 40 is set so that the kinetic energy of the raindrop 110 falling on the inclined surface 41 is greater than the surface tension energy of the raindrop 110 adhering to the inclined surface 41. The inclination angle θ1 may be, for example, 65 degrees. The inclination angle θ1 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is the angle between a line along the X-axis and a line along the inclined surface 41.

[0029] [First and second parts of upper body 10] The upper body 10 may have a first portion and a second portion. The first portion is, for example, the main body 15. The second portion is the umbrella portion 40. The main body 15 and the umbrella portion 40 are formed, for example, as a single unit. The main body 15 is formed, for example, in a cylindrical shape. The umbrella portion 40 forms, for example, a conical surface. The umbrella portion 40 is connected to the main body 15 as shown in FIG. 4. The main body 15 and the umbrella portion 40 may be made of a material such as resin. The material of the main body 15 and the umbrella portion 40 is not limited to resin and may be other materials.

[0030] The umbrella portion 40 may include a protruding piece 44 that protrudes radially from the side surface 15a of the main body 15, and an inclined portion 45 that extends diagonally downward from the protruding piece 44. The protruding piece 44 connects the main body 15 and the inclined portion 45. The thickness direction of the protruding piece 44 is along the Z-axis direction. The inclined portion 45 extends diagonally downward from the radially outer end of the protruding piece 44. The outer surface of the inclined portion 45 forms an inclined surface 41.

[0031] The umbrella portion 40, which is the second portion, may be formed integrally with the main body 15, which is the first portion, or may be formed as a separate member. The umbrella portion 40 may be configured to be detachable from the main body 15. The umbrella portion 40 may have a structure that allows it to be attached to and detached from the main body 15. The umbrella portion 40 may be attached to the main body 15 via another member, for example.

[0032] [Taper of bottom 42 of umbrella portion 40] The bottom 42 of the umbrella portion 40 is tapered. The bottom 42 may be the bottom surface of the inclined portion 45. In the bottom 42 of the umbrella portion 40, the radially inner end 42a is positioned higher than the radially outer end (tip 40a). The end 42a may be the end where the bottom 42 and the inner surface 43 intersect. The angle θ2 of the taper of the bottom 42 from the first plane 12 to the Z-axis direction may be, for example, 12.5 degrees. The bottom 42 of the umbrella portion 40 is tapered, and the end 42a is positioned higher than the tip 40a. This prevents raindrops 110 that adhere to and fall on the inclined surface 41 from entering the cavity 50 in the ultrasonic anemometer 100. The raindrops 110 are prevented from moving upward along the tapered bottom 42, and thus are prevented from entering the cavity 50.

[0033] [Operation and effect of the ultrasonic anemometer 100 according to the first embodiment] The ultrasonic anemometer 100 according to the first embodiment includes an upper body 10 on which an ultrasonic transceiver 30 is mounted so that the bottom surface 30b of the ultrasonic transceiver 30 is exposed, and a lower body 20 arranged a predetermined distance in the Z-axis direction (first direction) from the upper body 10. An inclined portion (umbrella portion 40) 45 is formed on the outer edge of the upper body 10, extending in the X-axis direction (second direction intersecting the first direction) when viewed in the Z-axis direction. The outer edge of the upper body 10 is the outer periphery of the upper body 10 when viewed in the Z-axis direction. The outer edge of the upper body 10 may also be the periphery of the upper body 10.

[0034] According to the ultrasonic anemometer 100, the umbrella portion 40 provided on the upper body 10 prevents raindrops 110 from entering the flow path 101. Also, the raindrops 110 are prevented from adhering to the bottom surface 30b of the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 30. As a result, the ultrasonic anemometer 100 reduces the influence of the raindrops 110 on the measurement results of the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 30. The ultrasonic anemometer 100 reduces the influence of the raindrops 110 in rainy weather, improving the accuracy of measuring wind speed and wind direction.

[0035] In the ultrasonic anemometer 100, a cavity 50 is formed between the umbrella part 40 and the ultrasonic transceiver 30 in the X-axis direction (second direction). In the ultrasonic anemometer 100, the inner surface 43 of the umbrella part 40 is formed so as to form the cavity 50.

[0036] In the ultrasonic anemometer 100 configured as described above, the upwardly recessed cavity 50 is formed inside the umbrella portion 40, which prevents raindrops 110 that have fallen down the inclined surface 41 of the umbrella portion 40 from adhering to the bottom surface 30b of the ultrasonic transceiver 30. In the ultrasonic anemometer 100, the raindrops 110 are prevented from approaching the ultrasonic transceiver 30 through the cavity 50.

[0037] In the ultrasonic anemometer 100, the bottom surface of the upper body 10 includes a first plane 12 that is aligned with the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction (a third direction intersecting the second direction), and the bottom 42 of the umbrella portion 40 is inclined so that the end (tip 40a) farther from the center line CL1 (center) of the upper body 10 in the X-axis direction is positioned lower (closer to the lower body 20 in the Z-axis direction) than the end (end 42a) closer to the center line CL1. A taper θ2 that is inclined outward in the X-axis direction is formed on the bottom 42 of the umbrella portion 40.

[0038] In the ultrasonic anemometer 100 having this configuration, the tapered bottom 42 of the umbrella portion 40 prevents raindrops 110 falling down the inclined surface 41 from entering the cavity 50. In the ultrasonic anemometer 100, adhesion of raindrops 110 to the bottom surface 30b of the ultrasonic transceiver 30 is prevented. In the ultrasonic anemometer 100, the influence of raindrops 110 on the measurement results obtained by the ultrasonic transceiver 30 is reduced.

[0039] In the ultrasonic anemometer 100, the bottom of the upper body 10 (the bottom of the main body 15) has a corner 16a that is located more inward than the umbrella portion 40 in the X-axis direction. A cavity 50 is formed between the corner 16a and the umbrella portion 40 in the X-axis direction, and the corner 16a formed on the bottom of the upper body 10 is rounded. The corner 16a includes a curved surface. The outer surface of the corner 16a may be rounded.

[0040] In the ultrasonic anemometer 100 having this configuration, the corners 16a of the upper body 10 that contact the flow path 101 are rounded, thereby reducing the effect on the flow of air flowing through the flow path 101. In other words, turbulence can be prevented, and wind speed errors can be reduced.

[0041] In addition, in the ultrasonic anemometer 100, a recess 17 is formed at the bottom of the upper body 10, outside the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 30 with respect to the center line CL1 of the upper body 10, between the hollow portion 50 and the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver 30 in the X-axis direction.

[0042] In the ultrasonic anemometer 100 having this configuration, the recesses 17 are formed on the outside of the multiple ultrasonic transmitters and receivers 30, which prevents the flow paths 101 from flowing down the bottom surface of the upper body 10 and adhering to the bottom surfaces 30b of the ultrasonic transmitters and receivers 30. A downwardly protruding convex portion is formed between the ultrasonic transmitters and receivers 30 and the recesses 17, which prevents raindrops 110 from adhering to the bottom surfaces 30b of the ultrasonic transmitters and receivers 30. Here, the presence of the recesses 17 in addition to the hollow portions 50 provides a double protection against raindrops 110 adhering.

[0043] In the ultrasonic anemometer 100, the inclination angle θ1 of the inclined surface 41 (the outer surface of the inclined portion) of the umbrella portion 40 with respect to the X-axis direction is set so that the kinetic energy of the raindrop 110 falling on the inclined surface 41 is greater than the surface tension of the raindrop 110 adhering to the inclined surface 41. In other words, if the surface tension is large, the raindrop will not fall from the tip 40a of the umbrella portion 40 but will remain on the bottom surface of the umbrella portion 40. As a result, the raindrop may travel along the bottom surface of the umbrella portion 40 and reach the surface of the ultrasonic transceiver 30. For example, the surface tension energy of a raindrop at room temperature is assumed to be 0.008 mJ. It is sufficient that the kinetic energy at the tip 40a of the umbrella portion 40 exceeds the surface tension energy of 0.008 mJ. If the length of the inclined surface is approximately 10 mm, the inclination angle θ1 must be, for example, 65 degrees or greater, so that the kinetic energy exceeds the surface tension energy.

[0044] According to the ultrasonic anemometer 100 having this configuration, raindrops 110 falling along the inclined surface 41 separate from the inclined surface 41 at the tip 40a. Since the tip 40a of the umbrella portion 40 is disposed radially outward of the lower body 20, the raindrops 110 falling from the tip 40a are prevented from adhering to the surface of the lower body 20.

[0045] [Positional relationship between the tip 40a of the umbrella portion 40 and the end 20a of the upper surface of the lower body 20] The positional relationship between the tip 40a of the umbrella portion 40 and the end 20a on the upper surface of the lower body 20 will be described with reference to Fig. 6. Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an ultrasonic anemometer 100B of the second embodiment, but the positional relationship between the tip 40a of the umbrella portion 40 and the end 20a on the upper surface of the lower body 20 is also common to the first embodiment, so will be described using Fig. 6.

[0046] The first angle θ11 between an imaginary first line L12 extending in the Z-axis direction from the tip 40a of the umbrella portion 40 and an imaginary second line L11 connecting the tip 40a of the umbrella portion 40 and the end 20a of the upper surface of the lower body 20 is an angle set so that the raindrops 110 falling from the tip 40a of the umbrella portion 40 do not reach the upper surface of the lower body 20 at the maximum wind speed when the raindrops 110 adhering to the lower surface of the upper body 10 are not blown away by the wind. Here, if the raindrops 110 reach the upper surface of the lower body 20, there is a possibility that the raindrops 110 will be reflected by the upper surface of the lower body 20 and stick to the surface of the ultrasonic transceiver 30. To prevent this problem, the shape of the umbrella portion 40 can be set as follows.

[0047] For example, at low wind speeds (1) of 5 m / sec or less, raindrops 110 adhering to the underside of the upper body 10 may not be blown away by the wind. For example, let us assume that raindrops measuring approximately 25% or more of the surface (bottom surface 30b) of the ultrasonic transceiver 30 affect ultrasonic transmission. If the diameter of the ultrasonic transceiver 30 is 11.5 mm, raindrops with a diameter of approximately 3 mm should be prevented from adhering to the surface of the ultrasonic transceiver 30. When a raindrop with a diameter of approximately 3 mm falls vertically, the fall velocity (2) when the air resistance and the weight of the raindrop are balanced is 8.1 to 7.4 m / sec. In other words, the first angle θ11 should be greater than the angle θ12 calculated by the arctangent of wind speed (1) / fall velocity (2). The first angle θ11 should be, for example, 33 degrees or greater.

[0048] In the ultrasonic anemometers 100 and 100B, the tip 40a of the umbrella portion 40 is set relative to the lower body 20 so as to form the first angle θ11 that satisfies the above relationship. For example, if the dimension LA from the tip 40a to the lower body 20 (e.g., the end 20a of the upper surface) in the Z-axis direction is 14 mm, the dimension LB from the tip 40a to the lower body 20 in the X-axis direction (the protection range of the umbrella portion 40) may be set to approximately 9.1 mm or greater.

[0049] The ultrasonic anemometers 100 and 100B configured as described above prevent raindrops 110 from adhering to the upper surface of the lower body 20. In the ultrasonic anemometers 100 and 100B, adhesion of raindrops 110 to the second plane 22 is prevented. In the ultrasonic anemometers 100 and 100B, adhesion of raindrops 110 to the upper surface of the lower body 20 is prevented during strong winds, allowing for accurate measurement of wind direction and wind speed. Furthermore, by calculating the first angle θ11, the protection range of the umbrella portion 40 can be optimized, preventing the ultrasonic anemometer 100 from becoming too large.

[0050] [Ultrasonic anemometer 100B according to the second embodiment] Next, an ultrasonic anemometer 100B according to a second embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 6. Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the ultrasonic anemometer 100B according to the second embodiment. The ultrasonic anemometer 100B according to the second embodiment shown in Fig. 6 differs from the ultrasonic anemometer 100 shown in Fig. 3 in that the umbrella portion 40 is detachable from the main body 15. Note that in the description of the second embodiment, descriptions that are the same as those of the first embodiment may be omitted.

[0051] The upper body 10 of the ultrasonic anemometer 100B according to the second embodiment includes an umbrella portion 40. The umbrella portion 40 has an inclined portion 45, a top plate 46, and a connecting portion 47. The top plate 46 is disk-shaped and is disposed so as to cover the main body 15 from above. The top plate 46 may simply be placed on the main body 15, or may be fixed to the main body 15. The top plate 46 is attachable to and detachable from the main body 15.

[0052] The connecting portion 47 is, for example, cylindrical and is formed so as to hang down from the outer periphery of the top plate 46. The connecting portion 47 connects the top plate 46 and the inclined portion 45 in the Z-axis direction. The upper end of the connecting portion 47 is connected to the top plate 46, and the lower end of the connecting portion 47 is connected to the upper end of the inclined portion 45. The top plate 46, the connecting portion 47, and the inclined portion 45 are formed as a single unit. For example, the umbrella portion 40 can be attached to the main body 15 by placing the umbrella portion 40 over the main body 15 from above.

[0053] The umbrella portion 40 may be configured to be engaged with the upper portion of the main body 15, or may be configured to be engaged with the side portion of the main body 15. For example, a flange portion that protrudes radially outward may be formed on the side portion of the main body 15. The umbrella portion 40 may be configured to be attached to a flange portion that protrudes from the main body 15. When the umbrella portion 40 is configured to cover the entire main body 15, it is easy to prevent raindrops 110 from entering the flow path 101.

[0054] The ultrasonic anemometer 100B according to the second embodiment also provides the same effects as the ultrasonic anemometer 100 according to the first embodiment.

[0055] In the ultrasonic anemometer 100B according to the second embodiment, the upper body 10 comprises a main body (first part) 15 on which the ultrasonic transceiver 30 is mounted, and an umbrella part (second part) arranged on the outside of the main body 15 in the X-axis direction and having an inclined part 45. The umbrella part 40 is detachable from the main body 15. In such an ultrasonic anemometer 100B, for example, the umbrella part 40 can be attached to a type of ultrasonic anemometer that does not have an existing umbrella part 40.

[0056] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the configurations shown here, and other embodiments may be possible in which other components are combined with the configurations described in the above embodiments. In this regard, the present invention can be modified within the scope of the present invention, and can be appropriately determined depending on the application form. [Explanation of symbols]

[0057] 100, 100B: ultrasonic anemometer, 10: upper body, 11: top plate, 12: first plane, 20: lower body, 21: reflector, 22: second plane, 30: ultrasonic transmitter / receiver, 31: ultrasonic transmitter / receiver, 32: ultrasonic transmitter / receiver, 40: umbrella portion, 45: inclined portion, X: X-axis direction (second direction), Y: Y-axis direction (third direction), Z: Z-axis direction (first direction).

Claims

1. an upper body on which the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver is mounted so that the bottom surface of the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver is exposed; a lower body disposed at a predetermined distance in a first direction from the upper body, The ultrasonic anemometer has an inclined portion formed on the outer edge of the upper body, the inclined portion extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction when viewed in the first direction.

2. 2. The ultrasonic anemometer according to claim 1, wherein a cavity is formed between the inclined portion and the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver in the second direction.

3. a bottom surface of the upper body includes a first plane that is aligned with the second direction and a third direction that intersects with the second direction; 3. The ultrasonic anemometer according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the inclined portion is inclined so that the end farther from the center of the upper body in the second direction is positioned closer to the lower body in the first direction than the end closer to the center of the upper body in the second direction.

4. a bottom portion of the upper body having a corner portion disposed more inward than the inclined portion in the second direction; a cavity is formed between the corner portion and the inclined portion in the second direction, 2. The ultrasonic anemometer according to claim 1, wherein the corners formed on the bottom of the upper body are rounded.

5. 5. The ultrasonic anemometer according to claim 2, wherein a recess is formed in the bottom of the upper body, the recess being located outside the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver relative to the center of the upper body, and between the cavity and the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver in the second direction.

6. The inclination angle of the outer surface of the inclined portion with respect to the second direction is 2. The ultrasonic anemometer according to claim 1, wherein the angle is set so that the kinetic energy of raindrops falling on the inclined portion is greater than the surface tension energy of raindrops adhering to the outer surface of the inclined portion.

7. The upper body is a first portion carrying the ultrasonic transceiver; a second portion disposed outside the first portion in the second direction and having the inclined portion, 2. The ultrasonic anemometer according to claim 1, wherein the second portion is detachable from the first portion.

8. a first angle between an imaginary first line extending from the tip of the inclined portion in the first direction and an imaginary second line connecting the tip of the inclined portion and an end of the upper surface of the lower body, 2. The ultrasonic anemometer according to claim 1, wherein the angle is set so that raindrops falling from the tip of the inclined portion do not reach the upper surface of the lower body at maximum wind speeds when raindrops adhering to the underside of the upper body are not blown away by the wind.

9. 9. The ultrasonic anemometer according to claim 8, wherein the first angle is equal to or greater than 33 degrees.

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