Method and system for dispensing volatile substances

Abstract

A method for releasing a volatile material from a volatile material dispenser includes identifying a first vapor pressure of a first scent characteristic of the volatile material, identifying a second vapor pressure of a second scent characteristic of the volatile material that is different from the first vapor pressure, heating the volatile material to a first temperature associated with the first scent characteristic, and heating the volatile material to a second temperature associated with the second scent characteristic that is different from the first temperature.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to methods and systems for dispensing volatile materials, and more particularly to systems and methods for volatilizing liquids containing scent mixtures to achieve various scent characteristics and customize and improve user control and experience. [Background technology]

[0002] Numerous volatile material dispersing devices or diffusers are available on the market. Many such devices are passive, requiring only ambient airflow to diffuse the liquid active. Other devices are battery-powered or receive household power via a plug extending from the device. Some known diffusers include a heating element to heat the volatile material and promote its vaporization. Other diffusers use a fan or blower to generate airflow, expelling the volatile material from the diffuser into the surrounding environment. Still other volatile material dispensing diffusers utilize ultrasonic means to dispense the volatile material therefrom. The fragrance compositions used in the aforementioned volatile material dispensers are composed of mixtures of volatile fragrance ingredients; it is not uncommon for fragrance compositions to consist of 20 or more fragrance ingredients. The chemical properties of the fragrance ingredients contained in fragrance compositions often vary widely in polarity, density, vapor pressure, flash point, and other properties.

[0003] A problem with past volatile material diffusers has been the possibility that users may become accustomed to or develop habituation to a particular volatile material, i.e., their perception of a scent emitted at a constant intensity tends to fade over time. Various diffusers have attempted to alleviate this problem. Some diffusers include a user-controlled switch or other mechanism that allows the user to change the intensity level at which the volatile material is emitted, i.e., by adjusting the timing sequence of the emission. Still other diffusers include at least two scents that are emitted alternately. However, emitting two different scents from a volatile material dispenser requires multiple fragrance cartridges and a more complex dispenser system, such as multiple heaters or fans, which can be costly.

[0004] Therefore, a system and method for emitting volatile materials that provides customizable user control and experience, assists with habituation issues, but does not require additional refillable fragrance cartridges would be useful. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] According to some aspects of the present disclosure, a method for emitting a volatile material from a volatile material dispenser includes identifying a first vapor pressure of a first scent characteristic of the volatile material, identifying a second vapor pressure of a second scent characteristic of the volatile material that is different from the first vapor pressure, heating the volatile material to a first temperature associated with the first scent characteristic, and heating the volatile material to a second temperature associated with the second scent characteristic that is different from the first temperature. The method further includes heating the volatile material to the first and second temperatures using pulses with modulation. The method further includes heating the volatile material to the first temperature for a first time and to the second temperature for a second time that is different from the first time. In some embodiments, the first scent characteristic is associated with a first composition that is not a fragrance, and the second scent characteristic is associated with a second composition that is a fragrance. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In some embodiments, a method for emitting a volatile material from a volatile material dispenser includes displacing air from the volatile material dispenser with an air displacement mechanism. In some embodiments, the air displacement mechanism is an air pump. In some embodiments, the air displacement mechanism is a fan. The method further includes controlling the speed of the air displacement mechanism to achieve varying scent intensities.

[0007] In some embodiments, a method for releasing a volatile material from a first material dispenser includes providing a refill containing the volatile material, heating the volatile material to a first temperature associated with a first scent characteristic, heating the volatile material to a second temperature associated with a second scent characteristic, and heating the volatile material to a third temperature associated with a third scent characteristic. The first temperature is less than the second temperature, the second temperature is less than the first temperature, and the first scent characteristic, the second scent characteristic, and the third scent characteristic are different from each other. In some embodiments, the first scent characteristic, the second scent characteristic, and the third scent characteristic are identified based on one or more chemical properties of the volatile material. In some embodiments, the one or more chemical properties include vapor pressure. In some embodiments, the first scent characteristic is associated with a first wattage, the second scent characteristic is associated with a second wattage, and the third scent characteristic is associated with a third wattage. The first wattage, the second wattage, and the third wattage are different from each other. In some embodiments, the first wattage, the second wattage, and the third wattage are greater than or equal to about 4.0W and less than or equal to about 6.0W.

[0008] In some embodiments, a method for releasing a volatile material in a refill from a volatile material dispenser includes heating the volatile material to a first temperature, controlling a scent intensity of the volatile material with a first switch, controlling a scent profile of the volatile material with a second switch configured to adjust heat applied to the volatile material to a second temperature different from the first temperature, and receiving information from one or more information sources to adjust the volatile material dispenser between the first and second temperatures. In some embodiments, the method can further include a third switch that is a push-button on / off switch.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first switch has a first switch setting associated with a first timing between each operating cycle, a second switch setting associated with a second timing between each operating cycle, and a third switch setting associated with a third timing between each operating cycle. The first timing, the second timing, and the third timing are different from one another. In some embodiments, the first switch is provided via a display screen of an electronic device that communicates with electrical components within the volatile material dispenser.

[0010] In some embodiments, the second switch has a first switch setting associated with a first scent characteristic, a second switch setting defining a second scent characteristic, and a third switch setting defining a third scent characteristic. The first scent characteristic is associated with a first power input, the second scent characteristic is associated with a second power input, and the third scent characteristic is associated with a third power input. The first power input, the second power input, and the third power input are different from one another. In some embodiments, the second switch is provided via a display screen of an electronic device that communicates with electrical components within the volatile material dispenser. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a first embodiment of a volatile material dispenser disclosed herein. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a left side view of the volatile material dispenser of FIG. 1. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a front view of the volatile material dispenser of FIG. 1. [Figure 4] 4 is a cross-sectional view of the volatile material dispenser taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 1. [Figure 5] 5 is a cross-sectional view of the volatile material dispenser taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 1. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the volatile material dispenser of FIG. 1 with the cover removed for clarity. [Figure 7]1 is a first graph illustrating the scent characteristics of a first fragrance and a second fragrance that change based on the power input or temperature of a heater of a volatile material dispenser disclosed herein. [Figure 8] 1 is a graph showing the scent profile of a first fragrance, a second fragrance, and a third fragrance varying based on the power input or temperature of a heater of a volatile material dispenser disclosed herein. [Figure 9] FIG. 2 is an isometric view of another embodiment of a volatile material dispenser disclosed herein. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a detailed front view of the volatile material dispenser of FIG. 9. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a detailed right side view of the bottom end of the volatile material dispenser of FIG. 9. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a rear view of the volatile material dispenser of FIG. 9. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 is a bottom view of the volatile material dispenser of FIG. 9 with the lower housing or base removed for clarity. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the base or lower housing of the volatile material dispenser of FIG. 9. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 is a top view of the volatile material dispenser of FIG. 9. [Figure 16] FIG. 10 is a bottom view of the volatile material dispenser of FIG. 9. [Figure 17] FIG. 10 is a partial perspective view of the volatile material dispenser of FIG. 9, showing the base or lower housing separated from the upper housing for clarity. [Figure 18-1] FIG. 2 is an electrical schematic diagram of the electrical assembly of the volatile material dispenser disclosed herein. [Figure 18-2] FIG. 2 is an electrical schematic diagram of the electrical assembly of the volatile material dispenser disclosed herein. [Figure 19] FIG. 18-3 is an electrical schematic diagram of the user input stage of the electrical assembly of FIG. 18-2. [Figure 20] FIG. 18-3 is an electrical schematic diagram of the heating stage of the electrical assembly of FIG. 18-2. [Figure 21]FIG. 18-2 is an electrical schematic diagram of the controller stage of the electrical assembly of FIG. 18-1. [Figure 22] FIG. 18-2 is an electrical schematic diagram of the power stage of the electrical assembly of FIG. 18-1. [Figure 23] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device in wireless communication with a receiver of a volatile material dispenser disclosed herein. [Figure 24] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating various inputs and outputs of the volatile material dispenser disclosed herein. [Figure 25] FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method for controlling a volatile material dispenser disclosed herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] The present disclosure relates to a volatile material diffusion system and method that varies the temperature of a heating element to change one or more scent characteristics of a volatile material in a refill, thereby controlling and improving the user experience and reducing user habituation. By using pinpoint heater technology, i.e., a small heater that reaches a desired temperature very quickly (e.g., within milliseconds, seconds, etc.), different amounts of heat can be released from the heater in targeted ways. By varying the heat applied to the fragrance, the scent characteristics of the volatile material can be controlled and manipulated to customize and improve the user experience. The systems and methods disclosed herein allow users to vary the power input, and therefore the temperature of the heating element, to adjust the fragrance profile to achieve different scent characteristics.

[0013] By varying the temperature of the heating element in a targeted manner, users can alter scent characteristics in a way that reduces habituation without requiring multiple scents or refills. Similarly, users can select their preferred scent profile to be emitted from the device based on a specific temperature profile, allowing them to control their unique scent experience. The systems and methods disclosed herein address adaptation and scent habituation while providing users the ability to create a custom scent experience through the use of a single refill containing a scent or scent blend, and are relatively easy and economical to implement compared to systems that require the use of multiple refills. Throughout this disclosure, the terms "about" and "approximately" refer to a range of values of ±5% of the numerical value preceded by each term. As referred to herein, all ranges disclosed within this application include the outer boundaries of the range.

[0014] With reference to FIGS. 1-6, a volatile material dispenser 60 is shown, which includes a housing system 62 having a lower housing 64, an upper housing 66 (see FIGS. 4-6), and a cover 68. The housing system 62 further defines a top surface 70, a sidewall surface 72, and a lower or bottom surface 74. The surfaces 70, 72, and 74 define the outermost surfaces of the housing system 62. With particular reference to FIGS. 1-3, the volatile material dispenser 60 includes an input port 78 capable of receiving a plug, such as a USB-C type plug, that can be used to charge or power the volatile material dispenser 60. In some embodiments, the volatile material dispenser 60 may be battery-powered. The housing system 62 has a generally cylindrical shape, with the lower housing 64 joined to the cover 68 at a seam 80. In some embodiments, the lower housing 64 is coupled to the upper housing 66 at the seam 80, and the upper housing 66 may be removably coupled to the lower housing 64.

[0015] While the embodiment of Figures 1-6 does not include external switches, the volatile material dispenser 60 may include a first switch 82 (see Figures 9-11) that allows a user to control the scent intensity, e.g., low, medium, or high, and a second switch 84 (see Figures 9-11) that allows a user to control the scent profile setting, e.g., apple, apple / cinnamon, or cinnamon. As shown in the block diagram of Figure 23, the first switch 82 and the second switch 84 may additionally or alternatively be provided via a display screen of an electronic device 86 in communication with one or more of the electrical components within the volatile material dispenser 60. It is contemplated that the first switch 82 and the second switch 84 may be provided along one or more of the surfaces 70, 72, and 74 of the housing system 62 of Figures 1-6, particularly the sidewall surface 72 of the lower housing 64.

[0016] 4 and 5, the dispensing system 90 of the volatile material dispenser 60 includes a refill 92, a control printed circuit board (PCB) 94, at least one light source 96, an air displacement mechanism 98, a hose 100, and a heater 102. A wick 104 is also disposed within the heater 102, and the wick 104 is configured to draw a fluid into a heating chamber defined by the heater 102. The heater or heating element 102 is configured to heat a volatile material (not shown) within the refill 92. The volatile material can include one or more compositions, which can be any suitable liquid or fluids, and can include one or more active ingredients. Active ingredients include, but are not limited to, cleaners, insecticides, insect repellents, insect attractants, disinfectants, mold inhibitors, antibacterial agents, fragrances consisting of one or more fragrance chemicals, disinfectants, air fresheners, aromatherapy scents, antiseptics, deodorizers, fragrance actives, fragrances, deodorizers, medicinal ingredients, inhalants (e.g., for relieving coughs or stuffy noses), and the like, and combinations thereof.

[0017] While the air displacement mechanism 98 in FIGS. 1-6 is an air pump, alternative air displacement mechanisms 98 are contemplated, such as a fan (see FIGS. 9-17), a diaphragm, a vacuum pump, or a compressor. Also shown is at least one light source 96, configured as a light-emitting diode (LED), extending from the underside 74 of the lower housing 64 into a gap 106 disposed between a ground-engaging surface (not shown) and the underside 74 of the lower housing 64. The air displacement mechanism 98 is disposed between the upper and lower housings 66 and 64 along the periphery of the lower housing 64. The air displacement mechanism 98 includes a fluid or air passage 110 at its lower end through which air travels into a hose 100 connecting the air displacement mechanism 98 to the lower end of the refill 92. The air passage 110 is fluidly coupled to the lower end of a refill retainer 112, which is centrally disposed within the dispenser 60. In this embodiment, the refill retainer 112 is a base or seat that extends upwardly from a lower wall 114 of the lower housing 64, although the refill retainer 112 may be disposed along or extend from other portions of the housing structure 62. The heater 102 is further shown as a coil surrounding a wick 104, which is configured to draw liquid into a centrally located heating chamber within the refill 92.

[0018] Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, the PCB 94 includes various electrical components, which will be described in detail with respect to FIGS. 18-1 through 24. Referring to FIG. 5, a plurality of magnets 120 are shown, which removably couple the cover 68 and the upper housing 66 to one another. Alternatively, the lower housing 64 and the upper housing 66 may be permanently fixed to one another via fastening means, such as screws, adhesive, or ultrasonic welding. The light source 96 is centrally disposed along the lower surface 74 of the housing system 62. A plurality of feet 122 extend downward from the lower housing 64 to define the gap 106 when the volatile material dispenser 60 is placed on a stationary surface. An external power cord 124 extends from the lower surface 74 of the housing system 62, and the external power cord 124 is removably coupled to the input port 78 of the volatile material dispenser 60, such as a USB-C socket.

[0019] The refill 92, shown in detail in FIGS. 4-6, is centrally positioned within the volatile material dispenser 60. A longitudinal axis 128 is defined through the center of the refill 92. In this embodiment, the longitudinal axis 128 defines the center of both the refill 92 and the housing system 62. However, in alternative embodiments, the refill 92 may define the longitudinal axis 128, and the housing system 62 may define a different longitudinal axis and may take various forms. In some embodiments, and as shown in FIGS. 4-6, the refill 92 includes a cartridge 130 and may include additional elements, such as a base (not shown), coupled to the cartridge 130. In some embodiments, the cartridge 130 may be a glassomizer, clearomizer, or catromizer, or another type of device used to deliver liquid to vapor. In the illustrated embodiment, the cartridge 130 includes a tank 132 defining a chamber 134. The refill base 136 can be coupled to the cartridge 130 to define the refill 92. The refill base 136 can be configured as a coupling member that allows the refill 92 to be coupled to one or more components within the system 60. The heater 102, described above, is configured to heat a liquid (not shown) disposed within the chamber 134 of the tank 132. As an example, the cartridge 130 can be an Aspire™ Nautilus tank that implements an adjustable airflow ring at its bottom end to allow for various heat settings. The cartridge 130 includes a removable tank 132 constructed of Pyrex®.

[0020] 1, 4, and 5, the upper housing 66 further includes a top opening 140 providing an outlet 142 through which the volatile material is dispensed. The outlet 142 is directly fluidly coupled to at least a nozzle end 144 of the refill 92 and may further be coupled to an internal cavity 146 defined between the cover 68 and the upper housing 66. In some embodiments, the internal cavity 146 is defined between the upper housing 66 and the lower housing 64. However, in the illustrated embodiment, the internal cavity 146 is not directly fluidly coupled to the top opening 140 due to the functionality of the air distribution system 90, i.e., the air displacement mechanism 98, which forces air through the hose 100, into a discharge cavity 148 in the refill retainer 112, mixes with the volatilized material in the reservoir 132 of the refill 92, and is expelled from the nozzle 150 of the refill 92 by the pressure differential created by the air displacement mechanism 98. In other embodiments, such as those described below, the air displacement mechanism 98 may be a fan that draws air around and / or through the chamber 134 of the refill 92 to expel volatile materials from the housing system 62.

[0021] As discussed further below, the volatile material dispenser 60 also provides features that enhance customization and adaptability. Algorithms are used to modify the dispenser's operating parameters according to user preferences and / or volatile material requirements. Typically, a controller or controller stage (see FIG. 21) operates the dispenser 60 according to a pre-programmed sequence designed to mitigate habituation. More specifically, algorithms are used to vary the temperature applied to the heater and to vary the output of the dispensing system 90, for example, by controlling the speed or revolutions per minute (RPM) of the air displacement mechanism 98. For example, pulse width modulation ("PWM") can be used to adjust the heater 102 to different temperatures according to various duty cycles. Varying the heater 102 temperature and fan speed alters the scent intensity, preventing user habituation. The operation of the dispenser 60 may be adjusted directly on the dispenser 60 via user-operated controls or wirelessly through the user's mobile device (see FIG. 23). In some embodiments, the heater 102 is configured to achieve a temperature between about 125° F. and about 275° F., or between about 150° F. and about 250° F., or between about 175° F. and about 225° F. The heater 102 may be comprised of one or more resistors having a resistance value between about 0.5 ohms (Ω) and about 15.0 Ω, or between about 1.5 Ω and about 10.0 Ω, or between about 2.5 Ω and about 7.5 Ω, or between about 3.5 Ω and about 5.0 Ω.

[0022] The present disclosure relates to a volatile material dispenser configured to emit any fragrance or any fragrance within a fragrance combination. More specifically, the volatile material configured for use with the volatile material dispenser 60 disclosed herein can include any of the fragrance raw materials described in U.S. Patent No. 9,855,361, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. As noted above, many fragrances are composed of numerous different fragrance raw materials, each with its own chemical signature or characteristics, which generally differ in polarity, density, vapor pressure, flash point, and other properties. By identifying the chemical signature of the vapor pressure of various fragrance raw materials or fragrance raw material combinations, a targeted scent signature or characteristic can be emitted from the volatile material dispenser 60. By referencing the vapor pressure of the identified fragrance, a specific amount of power or heat can be applied to the volatile material in the refill 92, thereby achieving a targeted scent signature from within the volatile material and reducing scent habituation.

[0023] As used herein, the term "fragrance" refers to a perfume-like substance or mixture of substances designed to emit a fragrance. A wide variety of chemicals are known for use in fragrances (i.e., perfumes), including substances such as aldehydes, ketones, and esters. More commonly, naturally occurring plant and animal oils and exudates, which consist of complex mixtures of various chemical components, are known for use as fragrances.

[0024] In some embodiments, the perfumes of the present application may be composed of a single chemical or a sophisticated and complex mixture of natural and synthetic chemical ingredients, all selected to provide any desired odor. For example, the perfumes of the present application may be composed of one or more perfume raw materials. As used herein, the term "perfume raw material" refers to any compound (e.g., having a molecular weight of at least 100 g / mol) or substance useful, alone or in combination with other "perfume raw materials," to impart an odor, fragrance, essence, or scent. A mixture of perfume raw materials is known to those skilled in the art as an "accord." As used herein, the term "accord" refers to a mixture of two or more perfume raw materials skillfully combined to impart an odor, odor, essence, or scent characteristic.

[0025] 7 and 8, two graphs are provided illustrating the changing scent profile relative to temperature and scent intensity. Referring to FIG. 7, a bimodal distribution is provided illustrating the apple-cinnamon accord emitted based on the power input or temperature of the heater 102. In the particular example of FIG. 7, less power or heat is required (e.g., a first power or a first temperature) to emit a first scent defining a first scent profile 160 that smells more like "apple," somewhat more heat is required (e.g., a second power or a second temperature) to cause the volatile material dispenser 60 to emit a second scent defining a second scent profile 162 that smells more like "apple-cinnamon," and even more heat is required (e.g., a third power or a third temperature) to cause the volatile material dispenser 60 to emit a third scent defining a third scent profile 164 that smells more like "cinnamon." A first aroma profile 160 defining an "apple" aroma is the result of achieving an optimum temperature for a first composition 166, and a third aroma profile 164 defining a "cinnamon" aroma is the result of achieving an optimum temperature for a second composition 168. A third composition 170 may also be included, as described in more detail below.

[0026] Referring to FIG. 8 , a trimodal accord is illustrated that may be composed of, for example, the scent profiles "lavender," "jasmine," and "vanilla." In some embodiments, one or more additional scent profiles may be included, and each scent profile may have a different optimal scent release temperature, as indicated by the peaks in the graphs of FIGS. 7 and 8 . In the example of FIG. 8 , a first scent profile 160 is a "lavender"-like scent with hints of "jasmine" and "vanilla," a second scent profile 162 is a "jasmine"-like scent with more subtle notes of "lavender" and "vanilla," and a third scent profile 164 is a "vanilla"-like scent with hints of "jasmine" and "lavender." Many more scent profiles may be included, and additional non-fragrance compositions may be configured to be released within one or more temperature schemes, as described in more detail below.

[0027] Based on the heating characteristics of the compositions 166, 168, by switching the heater 102 to a lower or first setting via the second switch 84, the user can emit a first scent characteristic 160; by switching the heater 102 to a medium or second setting, the user can emit a second scent characteristic 162; and by switching the heater 102 to a higher or third setting, the user can emit a third scent characteristic 164. Referring again to the graph of FIG. 7 , the first scent characteristic 160 corresponds to the scent of “apple” with a hint of “cinnamon,” the second scent characteristic 162 corresponds to a relatively equal mixture of “apple” and “cinnamon,” and the third scent characteristic 164 corresponds to “cinnamon” with a hint of “apple.” By allowing the dispenser 60 to emit three different scent characteristics based on selection input from the user, the dispenser 60 is configured to provide the user with the ability to select how the fragrance smells, within predetermined minimum and maximum limits.

[0028] Note that a selection of intensities, e.g., high, medium, or low, is also possible via the first switch 82 of the dispenser 60. The first switch 82 controls the activation time and / or the time between activation cycles. The scent profile selection allows the end user to select a scent profile by manipulating the second switch 84 between two or more scent profile selections. When incorporated along with the dispenser 60, the first switch 82 and the second switch 84 may comprise one or more of a multi-position selector switch, a capacitance switch, or other type of switch. In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 7 and 8, the first, second, and third scent profiles 160, 162, 164 are associated with different, predetermined wattages, which may be predetermined based on the identified vapor pressures of the respective specific fragrances emitted from the dispenser 60 and correspond to the temperatures achieved based on the specified power settings (e.g., 5.0 W, 5.5 W, and 6.0 W). In some embodiments, the second switch 84 may include discrete positions such that only a predetermined number of scent profiles are implemented, e.g., 2, 3, 4, etc. However, in alternative embodiments, an infinite number of scent profiles may be implemented. To that end, the second switch 84 may be a dial (not shown) that is movable between a minimum and a maximum setting and is adjustable to achieve infinite temperature settings. While a range of 5.0 to 6.0 W is discussed, various other heating profiles are possible (e.g., between 1.0 to 9.0 W) and may be selected based on the fragrance present in the refill 92.

[0029] In some embodiments, the first scent profile 160 is achieved using one of the following temperature schemes, although various power schemes may also be utilized depending on the type of scent being emitted: In some embodiments, the first scent profile 160 is achieved at a temperature within a first range of between about 150°F and about 200°F, or between about 160°F and about 190°F, or about 175°F; in some embodiments, the second scent profile is achieved at a temperature within a second range of between about 175°F and about 225°F, or between about 185°F and about 215°F, or about 200°F; in some embodiments, the third scent profile is achieved at a temperature within a third range of between about 200°F and about 250°F, or between about 210°F and about 240°F, or about 225°F. In some embodiments, a fragrance profile may be specified to match a predefined temperature scheme of the dispenser 60, e.g., 175° F., 200° F., and 225° F. To that end, a first fragrance may be identified having fragrance characteristics that are achieved within a first temperature range, a second fragrance may be identified having fragrance characteristics that are achieved within a second temperature range, and a third fragrance may be identified having fragrance characteristics that are achieved within a third temperature range.

[0030] 8, the second switch 84 allows the user to select an optimal temperature that allows the scent characteristics associated with the first composition 166, the second composition 168, and the third composition 170 to be achieved. The first composition 166 defines a first scent characteristic 160 (e.g., "lavender"), the second composition 168 defines a second scent characteristic 162 (e.g., "jasmine"), and the third composition 170 defines a third scent characteristic 164 (e.g., "vanilla"). The scent characteristics 160, 162, 164 may be associated with peak scent intensity of the chemical compositions 166, 168, 170, or the scent characteristics may be associated with relative increases in scent intensity.

[0031] Thus, third scent profile 164 is shown associated with the increased scent intensity of third composition 170, but need not be associated with the peak intensity. By comparison, in the example of FIG. 8 , first scent profile 160 is associated with the peak scent intensity of first composition 166. In some embodiments, the scent profile is associated with the peak scent intensity of the respective composition, or only a portion of the scent profile is associated with the peak scent intensity. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the scent profile may be associated with a non-fragrance active, such as a pest control active, that may volatilize at a higher rate than other compositions in refill 92. In such embodiments, the scent profile reflects an attribute or characteristic of the non-fragrance-based composition.

[0032] Referring again to Figure 7, in some embodiments, the first composition 166 is a non-fragrance pest control active agent and the second composition 168 is a fragrance. In such embodiments, the non-fragrance pest control active agent may be released in higher concentrations at lower temperatures, or vice versa, and the fragrance may be released in higher concentrations at higher temperatures, or vice versa. Because the fragrance-containing second composition 168 is less perceptible at a first or lower temperature but is perceptible at a second or higher temperature that is different from the first temperature, the dispenser 60 disclosed herein can be used as a pest control product capable of operating in both a fragrance-free repellent mode and a fragrance-repellent mode.

[0033] In some embodiments, a fourth switch (not shown) may be implemented and configured to allow a user to manually select a cartridge setting based on the type of cartridge 130 or the fragrance or volatile material within the cartridge 130. In some embodiments, the fourth switch may be adjustable between two, three, four, five, six, seven, or more cartridge settings, each of which may be associated with a specific or pre-specified power scheme. As a result, a first cartridge may be associated with a first power scheme, a second cartridge may be associated with a second power scheme that is different from the first power scheme, and a third cartridge may be associated with a third power scheme that is different from the first and second power schemes. In some embodiments, a first cartridge may be associated with a first scent, a second cartridge may be associated with a second scent that is different from the first scent, and a third cartridge may be associated with a third scent that is different from the first and second scents. The fourth switch (not shown) may be a slider switch or another type of switch as disclosed herein. Additionally, a fourth switch may be accessible from the display screen of the electronic device 86 .

[0034] In some embodiments, the fragrance in the cartridge is identified based on one or more cartridge characteristics manually entered by a user or automatically detected via one or more sensors in dispenser 60. To that end, dispenser 60 may include one or more sensors, such as an infrared (IR) sensor, an optical sensor, a weight sensor, a Hall-effect sensor, one or more magnets, a radio frequency identification (RFID) sensor, a barcode scanner, a QR scanner, a proximity sensor, a reflective photointerpreter, a humidity sensor, a fluid property sensor, an optical sensor, an alcohol sensor, or another type of sensor. In some embodiments, electronic device 86 may be configured to obtain data that provides dispenser 60 with information regarding the sensory input collected from the above-mentioned sensors. For example, electronic device 86 may be configured as a QR scanner that scans a QR code along the exterior of cartridge 130, e.g., via a camera.

[0035] In some embodiments, data from one or more of the above sensors (not shown) may be received by a memory and / or processor, as described in further detail below, and information stored in a lookup table may be compared to data acquired by any of the sensors. The identified fragrance or scent characteristics of the volatile material may be determined based on a comparison of the data with the information stored in the lookup table. However, as described above, the user may manually input information identifying the cartridge type, for example, via a fourth switch. In some embodiments, the cartridge includes two fragrances configured to emit two different scent characteristics, i.e., the cartridge is a two-tone cartridge (as depicted in FIG. 7). In some embodiments, the cartridge includes three fragrances configured to emit three different scent characteristics, i.e., a three-tone cartridge (as depicted in FIG. 8). In some embodiments, the cartridge is configured to emit four different scent characteristics, i.e., a four-tone cartridge. In some embodiments, the volatile material may be identified based on a combination of data acquired by one or more of the above sensors and data manually entered by the user.

[0036] In some embodiments, a lock-and-key feature may be provided on the cartridge 130, e.g., on a protrusion along the top rim of the cartridge 130, to provide the dispenser 60 with information regarding the volatile material within the cartridge 130. The lock-and-key feature may be located along the exterior surface of the cartridge 130 or along the interior surface of the cartridge 130, e.g., along a channel defining the mouth of the cartridge 130. The dispenser 60 may be configured to detect the type of volatile material within the cartridge 130 based on the location of the lock-and-key feature. For example, an apple-cinnamon cartridge may be identified based on the location of two radially offset protrusions along the exterior surface of the cartridge 130.

[0037] In some embodiments, the output limits may be variable or different for different scents or desired scent characteristics. Additionally, intensity limits, e.g., on / off times between activations, may also vary between different fragrances. In some embodiments, both the scent characteristics and intensity limits may change throughout operation of the volatile material dispenser 60, for example, due to changes that may occur over time or due to one or more of a number of external factors that may be measured or determined either automatically or from information entered by the user. In some embodiments, an automatic trigger may adjust the scent characteristics or intensity limits, e.g., minimum and maximum switch positions, based on, for example, a particular time of day, measured room temperature, a particular season of the year, or a person's vital signs obtained from an electronic device 86 (see FIG. 23 ), e.g., a cell phone, smartwatch, or another type of device that has a sensor or can receive user input. User input can be received from environmental sensors (see FIG. 24), which may include external sensors along any number of devices configured to communicate directly with the volatile material dispenser 60 or to communicate with the electronic device 84 and provide feedback to the dispenser 60. Changes in intensity level may be triggered by a request from an app or by direct physical interaction with the dispenser 60.

[0038] The different scent characteristics are emitted when the refill 92 is in thermal communication with the heater 102, which may be a pinpoint heater. By using a heater such as the heater 102 disclosed herein, a desired temperature can be achieved relatively quickly. In some embodiments, the heater 102 may be turned "on" for a few seconds every few minutes. During the activation period, the power level supplied to the heater 102 may be varied (e.g., within a power setting range) to achieve an average target power setting (e.g., 5.0 W) over the activation period. In other examples, the heater 102 is activated and maintained at a constant power level throughout activation. Through the use of PWM, the heater 102 can be adjusted to a range of different temperatures, and by achieving different temperatures, different scent characteristics can be generated and output. Because slight deviations in temperature may not result in different scent characteristics perceptible by the user, some embodiments of the present disclosure implement distinct settings that provide different scent characteristics perceptible by the user, such as "apple," "apple-cinnamon," and "cinnamon."

[0039] In some embodiments, the scent profile can be enhanced by using different durations of operation, different frequencies of operation (e.g., every 5 minutes vs. every 15 minutes), algorithms that vary the temperature of activation in a predetermined manner, on / off timers, or varying the speed of the air displacement mechanism 98 when the heater 102 is turned "on." In the embodiments described above with respect to FIGS. 1-6 , the user can control the various parameters described above via an app, which allows the user to vary the scent profile by selecting different predetermined operation points connected to the scent profile. In some embodiments, the operation points may be predetermined or preprogrammed. While the embodiments disclosed herein focus on pinpoint heaters, plug-in scent oil (PISO) heaters may also be used with the volatile material dispensers disclosed herein.

[0040] Referring now to Figures 9-17, another embodiment of a volatile material dispenser 60 is shown. The volatile material dispenser 60 includes a housing system 62 including a lower housing 64, an upper housing 66, and a cover 68. A third switch 174 is shown along the lower housing 64, which will be described in more detail below. In this embodiment, the upper housing 66 is externally visible, and the cover 68 flares outward from the upper end 172 of the upper housing 66. Referring to Figure 10, a first switch 82 is shown, which allows a user to control the scent intensity, e.g., low, medium, or high. Referring to Figure 11, a second switch 84 is shown, which allows a user to control the scent profile setting, e.g., "apple" (A), "apple / cinnamon" (B), and "cinnamon" (C). 9-11, a third switch 174 is shown, which may be an external on / off or power switch, as well as feet 122 of the volatile material dispenser 60, which define a gap 106 between the underside 74 of the lower housing 64 and a stationary surface (not shown). In this embodiment, the gap 106 allows air to be drawn into the lower housing 64 via an air displacement mechanism 98, which in this embodiment is a fan. Referring to FIG. 12, the volatile material dispenser 60 includes an input port 78 capable of receiving a plug, such as a USB-C type plug, that can be used to charge or power the dispenser 60. As mentioned above, in some embodiments, the volatile material dispenser 60 may be battery-powered.

[0041] 13 and 14, various electrical components of the volatile material dispenser 60 are shown. With particular reference to FIG. 13, a first PCB 176 having a first terminal 178 extending therefrom is shown disposed at a lower end 180 of the upper housing 66, with first and second wires 182 extending from the first PCB 176 toward the upper end 172 of the upper housing 66. A refill retainer 112 is shown disposed at the upper end 172 of the upper housing 66. A plurality of heaters 102 are disposed along an inner periphery 184 of the refill retainer 112, and the heaters 102 are electrically coupled to the PCB 94 and, therefore, the first terminals 178 via the wires 182.

[0042] Referring to FIG. 14 , the upper end 186 of the lower housing 64 is shown, which includes radially spaced openings 188. An inner platform 190 is disposed radially inward of the opening 188, and the inner platform 190 is integral with a support post 192 that extends radially outward from the inner platform 190 and is integral with the outer platform 194. Fan blades 196 of the fan (air displacement mechanism 98) are visible through the opening 188. A second terminal 198 is also shown disposed within a recessed area 200 of the lower housing 64, and the second terminal 198 is electrically coupled to a second PCB (not shown) disposed within the lower housing 64, which may be the control PCB 94. Various other electrical components, such as those disclosed herein, such as those described in FIGS. 18-1 through 24, may be provided along the second PCB. Although not depicted in this embodiment, a plurality of LEDs 96 may be disposed within the lower housing 64 or along the exterior surfaces 70, 72, and 74 of the housing system 62.

[0043] 15 and 16, top and bottom views of the dispenser of FIG. 9 are shown. Referring to FIG. 15, the cover 68 and upper housing 66 are shown, along with an upper opening 140 configured to dispense a volatile liquid. A longitudinal axis 128 extends centrally through the upper opening 140, and the housing system 62 is generally radially symmetrical about the longitudinal axis 128. Referring to FIG. 16, the lower end of the lower housing 64 is shown, along with a plurality of legs 122. A plurality of air intakes 204 are provided along the lower surface 74 to draw air into the lower housing 64. As mentioned above, the lower housing 64 can house various electrical components, as will be described below. Referring to FIG. 17, the upper and lower housings 66 and 64 are shown adjacent to one another, with the first terminal 178 configured to be electrically coupled to the second terminal 198.

[0044] 18-1 through 18-25, various electrical circuit diagrams and flow diagrams are illustrated. With particular reference to FIGS. 18-1 and 18-2, a schematic diagram illustrating an electrical assembly 210 for use in the volatile material dispenser 60 disclosed herein is shown. The electrical assembly 210 includes a user input stage 212, a heating stage 214, a controller stage 216, and a power stage 218. In particular, the power stage 218 is configured to receive power from a power source, such as a wall outlet, a battery, a car lighter socket, or other power source. The power source may be either AC or DC. The power stage 218 manages the received power to operate various electrical components of the electrical assembly 210, including energizing the heating element 102 and the air displacement mechanism 98.

[0045] Referring to FIG. 19 , a user input stage 212 is shown that includes a first switch 82, a second switch 84, and a third switch 174. In the embodiment of FIGS. 9-17 , the first switch 82 is a three-position slide switch configured to control the scent intensity of the volatile material, the second switch is also a three-position slide switch configured to control the scent characteristics of the volatile material, and the third switch 174 is a push-button on / off switch configured to control power to the volatile material dispenser 60 from the power source. There may be more or fewer switches controlling other aspects of the electronic assembly 210. In some embodiments, the switches can have 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or more individual settings, from a minimum limit to a maximum limit. In some embodiments, the switches 82, 84 can have an infinite number of settings, from a minimum limit to a maximum limit.

[0046] With respect to the first switch 82 configured to control scent intensity, the first switch setting may define a "low" setting that sets the heating element 102 to operate for five minutes between each operating cycle. The second switch setting may define a "medium" setting that sets the heating element 102 to operate for three minutes between each operating cycle. The third switch setting may define a "high" setting that sets the heating element to operate for one minute between each operating cycle. By adjusting the first switch 82 between three or more switch settings, different scent intensities can be achieved due to different timing between operating cycles.

[0047] With respect to the second switch 84 configured to control the scent characteristics, a first switch setting may define a first scent characteristic 160, which may be “apple,” a second switch setting may define a second scent characteristic 162, which may be “apple cinnamon,” and a third switch setting may define a third scent characteristic 164, which may be “cinnamon.” The first scent characteristic 160 of “apple” may be associated with 4.0 watts (W) of power supplied to the heating element 102 or dispenser 60. The second scent characteristic of “apple cinnamon” may be associated with 5.0 W of power supplied to the heating element 102 or dispenser 60. The third scent characteristic 164 of “cinnamon” may be associated with 6.0 W of power supplied to the heating element 102 or dispenser 60. Less power may be supplied to the heater 102 than is supplied to the entire system because other electronic components, such as the air displacement mechanism 98, may consume power. In some embodiments, a power of 4.0 W may be associated with a "low" setting, a power of 5.0 W may be associated with a "medium" setting, and a power of 6.0 W may be associated with a "high" setting. As noted above, different fragrance profiles may be defined by any two fragrance profiles that define different vapor pressures. In preferred embodiments, the different fragrance profiles are perceptible to the user, thereby reducing habituation.

[0048] The third switch 174 is configured as a power switch used to turn the power supply to the volatile material dispenser 60 “on” and “off.” When the third switch 174 is actuated to the “on” position, the controller stage 216 can direct current to flow to the heating element 102 and the air displacement mechanism 98 using power provided by the power stage 218. When the target temperature associated with the position of the second switch 84 is achieved, the controller stage 216 can interrupt the current provided to the heating stage 214 while continuously monitoring the current temperature of the heating element 102 using a signal provided by a thermistor or another environmental sensor located on or proximate to the heating element 102. When the measured temperature drops to a predetermined value, the controller stage 216 can restore the current and begin another operating cycle. In some embodiments, a pulse-width modulation (PWM) algorithm can be used to allow the heating element 102 to heat up quickly, resulting in more rapid release of fragrance or volatiles.

[0049] Referring now to FIG. 20 , the heater stage 214 is shown in detail. The heater stage 214 includes multiple resistors, although a greater or lesser number of resistors is contemplated. Referring to FIG. 21 , the controller stage 216 is used to control the operation of the heating element 102 and other electrical components, such as the LED 96 and air displacement mechanism 98. Referring to FIG. 22 , the power stage 218 is shown. The power stage 218 may include a voltage regulator 220 and may also include numerous other electrical components, including capacitors, resistors, inductors, diodes, and the like. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 22 , the power stage 218 may also include one or more fuses. In some embodiments, the electrical assembly 210 may include a timer, allowing the control stage 216 to shut off certain electronic components for a predetermined period of time. While a particular embodiment is shown in FIG. 21 , any number of modifications and variations are possible to provide the functionality described above and other functionalities.

[0050] Referring now to FIG. 23 , the control PCB 94 and the electronic communication device 86 are schematically illustrated. As described above, the control PCB 94 includes multiple components disposed thereon, including the wireless communication device or receiver 222, which may be a module supporting wireless communication. The control PCB 94 may further include a first regulator and a second regulator, either of which may be a voltage regulator. The wireless communication device 222 may support Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE) wireless communication, Wi-Fi®, or other types of wireless communication. In a preferred embodiment, the wireless communication device 222 includes one or more of an on-board crystal oscillator, a chip antenna, and / or passive components. Through its programmable architecture, the wireless communication device 222 may support multiple peripheral functions, such as an ADC, a timer, a counter, a PWM, and serial communication protocols, such as I2C, UART, and SPI. The electronic device 86 may include a processor, flash memory, a timer, and additional components not specifically mentioned herein. The electronic device 86 may be used to collect and transmit information such as user preferences, switch selections, and environmental factors to the control PCB 94. In some embodiments, the electronic device 86 is used to collect environmental factors using environmental sensors.

[0051] 24 , the controller stage 216 receives information from various sources, which may include environmental sensors 224, user input 226, and / or a lookup table of chemical signatures 228 from a set of scent signatures. In some embodiments, the environmental sensors 224 may include the sensors listed above that may detect the cartridge 130 or the type of volatile material within the cartridge 130. The controller stage 216 may include a processor (not shown) that can process the information to determine the optimal power level for each of the individual scent signature switching levels, i.e., the optimal heating temperature to produce the desired scent. Additionally, the controller stage 216 may determine the power level to send to the air delivery device 98 to generate the desired airflow. Environmental sensors 224 that may be used may include, but are not limited to, a microphone, a camera, a turbidity sensor, a thermometer, a humidity sensor, a passive infrared sensor, a light sensor, a lightning sensor, a wind transducer, a compass, a GPS, a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a barometer, a collision sensor, a proximity sensor, a radar, an ultrasonic sensor, or any combination thereof. The chemical properties may be measured by the device or transmitted to the device through a wireless communication device or other means. Some of the user inputs 226 may include, but are not limited to, operation time preferences, intensity levels, and scent selection. The controller stage 216 receives information from the environmental sensors 224, the user inputs 226, and the volatile chemical properties 228 and adjusts the dispenser 60 to achieve a desired heating temperature 230 and a desired airflow 232 of the air delivery device 98.

[0052] 25 illustrates a method 240 for emitting a volatile material, although the method 240 may include more or fewer steps than depicted. In a first step 242, a first aroma signature is determined based on a first chemical signature of the volatile material. In a second step 244, a second aroma signature is determined based on a second chemical signature of the volatile material. In step 246, a first heating temperature is determined based on the first chemical signature. In step 248, a second heating temperature is determined based on the second chemical signature, the first heating temperature being less than the second heating temperature. In step 250, a heating element is heated to a first temperature for a first time. In step 252, the heating element is heated to a second temperature for a second time.

[0053] While the present invention has been described above with reference to particular embodiments and examples, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention is not necessarily so limited, and that numerous other embodiments, examples, uses, modifications, and departures from the embodiments, examples, and uses are intended to be encompassed by the claims appended hereto. The entire disclosure of each patent and publication cited herein is incorporated by reference as if each such patent or publication was individually incorporated by reference herein.

[0054] Any of the embodiments described herein can be modified to include any of the structures or methodologies disclosed in connection with different embodiments. Furthermore, the present disclosure is not limited to the types of emission systems specifically shown. Furthermore, the methods and systems of any of the embodiments disclosed herein can be modified to work with any type of volatile material dispenser. [Industrial Applicability]

[0055] Numerous variations on the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, this specification is to be construed as illustrative only and is presented for the purpose of enabling any person skilled in the art to make and use the present disclosure. The exclusive rights to all modifications that come within the scope of the appended claims are reserved. [CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS]

[0056] This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 395,218, filed August 4, 2022, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 435,494, filed December 27, 2022, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 18 / 229,043, filed August 1, 2023, which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

Claims

1. 1. A method for releasing a volatile material from a volatile material dispenser, comprising: identifying a first vapor pressure of a first aroma characteristic of the volatile material; identifying a second vapor pressure of a second aroma characteristic of the volatile material that is different from the first vapor pressure; heating the volatile material to a first temperature associated with the first scent characteristic; heating the volatile material to a second temperature different from the first temperature and associated with the second aroma characteristic.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising bleeding air from the volatile material dispenser with an air displacement mechanism.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the air displacement mechanism is an air pump.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the air displacement mechanism is a fan.

5. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising controlling the speed of the air displacement mechanism to vary the intensity of the scent.

6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising heating the volatile material to the first temperature and the second temperature using pulses with modulation.

7. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising heating the volatile material to the first temperature for a first time period and to the second temperature for a second time period different from the first time period.

8. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first scent characteristic is associated with a first composition that is not a fragrance and the second scent characteristic is associated with a second composition that is a fragrance.

9. 1. A method of releasing a volatile material from a first material dispenser, comprising: providing a refill containing said volatile material; heating the volatile material to a first temperature associated with a first scent characteristic; heating the volatile material to a second temperature associated with a second aroma characteristic; heating the volatile material to a third temperature associated with a third aroma characteristic; the first temperature is lower than the second temperature, the second temperature is lower than the first temperature, The method, wherein the first scent profile, the second scent profile, and the third scent profile are different from one another.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the first scent signature, the second scent signature, and the third scent signature are identified based on one or more chemical properties of the volatile material.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the one or more chemical properties include vapor pressure.

12. the first scent profile is based on a first perfume raw material, the second scent profile is based on a second perfume raw material, and the third scent profile is based on a third perfume raw material; 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first perfume raw material, the second perfume raw material, and the third perfume raw material are different from one another.

13. the first scent characteristic is associated with a first wattage, the second scent characteristic is associated with a second wattage, and the third scent characteristic is associated with a third wattage; The method of claim 10 , wherein the first wattage, the second wattage, and the third wattage are different from one another.

14. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first wattage, the second wattage, and the third wattage are greater than or equal to about 4.0 W and less than or equal to about 6.0 W.

15. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first wattage, the second wattage, and the third wattage are between about 1.0 W and about 9.0 W.

16. 1. A method of releasing a volatile material in a refill from a volatile material dispenser, comprising: heating the volatile material to a first temperature; using a first switch to control the intensity of the scent of the volatile material; controlling the aroma profile of the volatile material using a second switch configured to adjust the heat applied to the volatile material to a second temperature different from the first temperature; The method includes receiving information from one or more sources and regulating the volatile material dispenser between the first temperature and the second temperature.

17. the first switch has a first switch setting associated with a first timing between each operating cycle, a second switch setting associated with a second timing between each operating cycle, and a third switch setting associated with a third timing between each operating cycle; The method of claim 16 , wherein the first timing, the second timing, and the third timing are different from each other.

18. the second switch has a first switch setting defining a first scent characteristic, a second switch setting defining a second scent characteristic, and a third switch setting defining a third scent characteristic; the first scent characteristic is associated with a first power input, the second scent characteristic is associated with a second power input, and the third scent characteristic is associated with a third power input; The method of claim 16 , wherein the first power input, the second power input, and the third power input are different from one another.

19. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising a third switch that is a push button on / off switch.

20. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first switch and the second switch are provided via a display screen of an electronic device capable of communicating with electrical components of the volatile material dispenser.

Images