Nuclear flux thimble irradiation target loading and unloading mechanism

Abstract

A coupler is provided for connecting the illumination target assembly to the motion system. [Solution] The coupler includes a housing and an inner assembly. The housing includes a distal end, a proximal end, and a side portion defining a cavity therein. The side portion includes a plurality of side holes extending into the cavity. The inner assembly includes an actuator body, a return member for applying an axial default force to the actuator body, and a plurality of friction members configured to be driven laterally by the actuator body through the plurality of side holes. The actuator body is disposed within the cavity and includes a first section, a second section, and an intermediate section. Also provided is a coupling system including a coupling insert for a movement system and a coupler for an irradiation target assembly.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application claims the benefit of and priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17 / 823,725, filed Aug. 31, 2022, entitled "NUCLEAR FLUX THIMBLE IRRADATION TARGET INSERTION AND Retrieval Mechanism," the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. [Background technology]

[0002] Irradiation target assemblies containing parent isotopes are inserted into elongated flux thimble tubes within an operating nuclear reactor core using a placement mechanism, irradiated sufficiently to produce synthetic radioisotopes, and then removed using a removal mechanism. However, conventional irradiation target placement and removal mechanisms remain in place during irradiation to maintain the target's position, which can become radioactive and increase worker radiation doses. Reliably positioning and maintaining irradiation targets within an operating reactor using mechanisms suitable for moving within the limited space within the thimble tubes is challenging, as other mechanisms require laborious operations, such as aligning the mechanisms within the reactor core. To optimize the reliability and efficiency of synthetic radioisotope production without compromising worker safety, alternative movement mechanisms for irradiation targets and methods of operating them must be developed. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] The following summary is provided to facilitate an understanding of some of the innovative features unique to the embodiments disclosed herein, but is not intended to be a complete description. A full understanding of the various embodiments disclosed herein can be obtained by taking the entire specification, claims, and abstract into account as a whole.

[0004] In various embodiments, a coupler for connecting an irradiation target assembly to a movement system is disclosed. In some embodiments, the coupler includes a housing and an inner assembly, the housing adapted to be inserted into the interior of the outer tube. In some embodiments, the housing includes a distal end including an interface adapted to detachably connect with the irradiation target assembly, a proximal end including an opening, and a side portion defining a cavity therein. In some embodiments, the side portion extends axially between the proximal and distal ends and includes a plurality of side holes extending into the cavity. In some embodiments, the inner assembly includes an actuator body disposed within the cavity in the side portion, a return member for applying an axial default force to the actuator body, and a plurality of friction members configured to be driven laterally by the actuator body through the plurality of side holes. In some embodiments, the actuator body includes a first section, a second section, and an intermediate section, each section of the actuator body being axially aligned with the housing. In some embodiments, the first section extends axially from the mid-section in a first direction, and the second section extends axially from the mid-section in a second direction opposite the first direction.

[0005] In various embodiments, a coupling system for moving an irradiation target assembly through an outer tube is disclosed. In some embodiments, the coupling system includes a coupling insert for the movement system and a coupler for the irradiation target assembly. In some embodiments, the coupling insert includes an insert head and a receiving end adapted to receive a driven cable assembly of the movement system. In some embodiments, the coupler includes a housing and a brake assembly. In some embodiments, the housing includes a proximal end, a distal end, and a side defining a cavity therein. In some embodiments, the proximal end of the housing includes an opening having a first diameter adapted to surround the insert head and a first interface adapted to slidably receive the insert head. In some embodiments, the distal end of the housing includes an interface adapted to removably connect with the irradiation target assembly. In some embodiments, the side of the housing includes a plurality of side holes extending laterally into the cavity and extending axially between the proximal and distal ends of the housing. In some embodiments, the brake assembly includes a plunger disposed within the side cavity, a spring, and a plurality of brake balls adapted to be driven outwardly by the plunger toward the outer tube. In some embodiments, the plunger includes a proximal shaft, a distal shaft, and a mid-section, the proximal and distal shafts extending axially from the mid-section, and the proximal shaft of the plunger is accessible through an opening in the proximal end of the housing. In some embodiments, the spring is disposed around the distal shaft of the plunger and is adapted to apply a default force to the plunger. In some embodiments, the plurality of brake balls are adapted to be driven outwardly by the plunger toward the outer tube.In one aspect, the plunger is adapted to apply a lateral force to the plurality of brake balls based on a default force, and the brake assembly is adapted to provide a lateral clamping force to the plurality of brake balls based on the default force, the lateral clamping force adapted to maintain an axial position of the coupler within the outer tube.

[0006] These and other objects, features, and characteristics of the present disclosure, as well as the method of operation and function of the associated elements of construction, and combination of parts and economies of manufacture, will become more apparent from a consideration of the following description and the appended claims, all of which form a part of this specification, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals indicate corresponding parts in the various views. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the aspects disclosed herein. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0007] The various aspects described herein, together with their objects and advantages, will be best understood by referring to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a nuclear reactor core in accordance with at least one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a coupler for an illumination target assembly according to at least one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is an axial cross-sectional view of a housing of a coupler for an illumination target assembly in accordance with at least one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a coupler for an illumination target assembly in accordance with at least one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a plan view of a coupling insert for a movement system according to at least one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a partial perspective view of a coupling insert for a movement system according to at least one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional schematic view of a coupling system according to at least one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional schematic view of a coupling system according to at least one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a diagram of a coupling system according to at least one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0008] Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts in the several views. The examples set forth herein illustrate various aspects of the present disclosure in certain forms, and such examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the aspects disclosed herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] Certain exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described to provide a comprehensive understanding of the principles of composition, function, manufacture, and use of the compositions and methods disclosed herein. Examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will understand that the compositions, articles, and methods specifically described herein and shown in the accompanying drawings are non-limiting exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. Features shown or described in connection with one exemplary embodiment may be combined with features of other embodiments. Such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0010] The terms "various examples," "several examples," "one example," "an example," and the like used herein mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that example is included in the example. Thus, the use of phrases such as "in various examples," "in several examples," "in one example," and "in one example" throughout this specification does not necessarily refer all to the same example. Furthermore, particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more examples. Thus, a particular feature, structure, or characteristic illustrated or described in connection with one example may be combined, in whole or in part, without limitation, with the feature, structure, or characteristic of one or more other examples. Such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the present examples.

[0011] In the following description, like reference characters in the several views indicate like or corresponding parts. It should also be understood that terms such as "front," "rear," "left," "right," "upper," "lower," "top," and "bottom" are used for convenience only and should not be construed as limiting terms.

[0012] As used herein, the terms "proximal" and "distal" are used in reference to the driven end of a motion system for an irradiation target assembly, with "proximal" referring to the portion closest to the motion system and "distal" referring to the portion located away from the motion system.

[0013] As used herein, the terms "longitudinal" and "longitudinally" are used with respect to an axis extending through proximal and distal features, structures, or characteristics. Additionally, as used herein, the terms "cross-section" and "cross-sectional" are used with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, unless otherwise noted.

[0014] Radioisotopes are unstable isotopes of elements that possess excess nuclear energy. Radioisotopes release their excess nuclear energy through various decay modes, typically at a decay rate characterized by a half-life. Radioisotopes are used in a variety of commercial applications, including nuclear medicine, food preservation, industrial production, and geological dating. Medical radioisotopes are generally short-lived. For example, molybdenum-99 is a medical radioisotope with a half-life of approximately 66 hours. Medical radioisotopes are typically synthesized as induced radioisotopes. For example, a neutron flux source can be used to induce short-lived radioactivity in stable isotopes. In nuclear reactors, the target material containing the stable parent isotope is placed in a target assembly, inserted into a flux thimble tube, and irradiated by the neutron flux within the reactor core. The target assembly is then removed at the optimal exposure time, and the radioisotope is recovered and prepared for shipment and / or use. Because each radioisotope has a limited shelf life in terms of activity level, the efficiency of access procedures can directly affect both the monetary and intrinsic value of the radioisotopes produced.

[0015] FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a nuclear reactor core 1 according to at least one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure. The flux thimble tubes 2 inside an operating nuclear reactor core 1 are typically accessed through multiple thin penetrations 3 connected to guide tubes of a separate target movement system. Conventional target movement systems remain connected to an irradiated target assembly from its insertion into an operating nuclear reactor core through its removal from the core to enable immediate removal after irradiation and to maintain the target's position according to the flux distribution within the reactor. As a result, components of conventional target movement systems, such as cable assemblies connected to the irradiated target assembly, are irradiated along with the target assembly and emit ionizing radiation when the target assembly is stored in a remote, sealed table chamber for retrieval. As a result, workers may be exposed to harmful ionizing radiation emitted by the irradiated target movement system. While alternative couplers exist to mitigate worker safety risks posed by conventional movement systems, these systems may not provide the reliability or efficiency of conventional systems during the placement, irradiation, and / or removal phases of the radioisotope production process. For example, couplers that use a twist-and-lock mechanism for engagement are cumbersome for remote operation due to space limitations within existing transfer system guide tubes, typically lengths of approximately 70 feet and diameters of 0.25 inches or less. Additionally, many alternative couplers have retrieval issues, with the couplers failing to connect when subjected to large retrieval forces, such as pull forces in excess of 50 pounds.

[0016] Using such transfer systems to place and retrieve irradiation target assemblies can pose significant safety hazards to workers. While alternative couplers exist, they do not provide adequate connection strength or connection procedures to overcome the challenges of moving through the long, narrow guide tubes of existing transfer systems. Accordingly, various aspects of the present disclosure provide various methods and apparatus for reliably and efficiently moving irradiation target assemblies without compromising worker safety and without extensive modifications to existing plant.

[0017] 2, a perspective view of a coupler 10 for connecting an irradiation target assembly to a movement system is shown in accordance with at least one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure. The coupler 10 includes a housing 100, an inner assembly, and a plurality of friction members 300. The housing 100 includes a distal end 110, a proximal end 120, a side portion 130 extending axially between the proximal end 120 and the distal end 110, and a plurality of side holes 140.

[0018] In various examples, the distal end 110 includes a distal interface 112. In some examples, the distal interface 112 can include a head 114. In certain examples, the distal interface 112 can include a shank 116 attached proximally to the head. The dimensions of the distal interface 112 are smaller than the dimensions of the side portion 130.

[0019] The distal interface 112 may be adapted to connect with a target assembly. For example, at least a portion of the head 114 may be configured with a spheroidal or generally spherical shape to be retained in a socket in the target assembly. In a generally spherical configuration of the head 114, the diameter of the spherical portion may be approximately the same as or slightly smaller than the diameter of a complementary socket in the target assembly. The cross-sectional shape of the shank 116 is smaller than the cross-sectional shape of the head 114. The shank 116 may be configured with a cylindrical or tubular shape. If the shank 116 is cylindrical, the diameter of the shank is smaller than the cross-sectional shape of the head. The configuration of the distal interface 112 allows for easy attachment and / or detachment of the coupler 10 from the target without compromising the range of motion and reliability of the connection.

[0020] 3 shows an axial cross-sectional view of a housing 100 according to at least one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure. A proximal end 120 of the housing 100 includes an opening 122 that is axially aligned with the housing 100. The proximal end 120 can include a middle region that extends distally from the opening 122. In various examples, the proximal end 120 can include a first interface 124 that extends distally from the opening 122 to a distal end 125 of the first interface. In some examples, the first interface 124 can be rotationally symmetric. In certain examples, the rotationally symmetric first interface 124 can include a tapered surface that tapers from a first diameter at the opening 122 to a smaller second diameter at the distal end 125. The intermediate region of the proximal end 120 may also include a second interface 126 that extends axially from the distal end 125 of the first interface 124 to the distal end 127 of the second interface 126.

[0021] The size and shape of opening 122 may be configured to surround at least a portion of the tapered portion of a distally advancing insert head of a coupling insert having a distal end and a proximal end. For example, opening 122 may be configured with a circular shape having a diameter greater than the diameter of the generally circular distal end of the insert head of the coupling insert. In one example, opening 122 has a diameter of approximately 0.15 inches.

[0022] The first interface 124 may be configured to taper. For example, the taper angle of the first interface 124 may be approximately the same as or slightly greater than the taper angle of the tapered insert head. In a configuration in which the opening 122 is circular, the first interface 124 may be configured to taper distally from the diameter of the opening 122 to a distal end 125 having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the opening 122. In some examples, the taper angle of the first interface 124 may be approximately the same as or slightly greater than the taper angle of the rotationally symmetric, tapered insert head. When a tapered insert head having an appropriately sized tip is advanced distally through an opening 122 with this configuration, the tapered surfaces slide in contact with each other, aligning the insert head and the housing 100 in the axial direction of the insert head and the housing 100. In some examples, the first interface 124 is configured to have a taper angle of approximately 30 degrees, approximately 20 degrees, or approximately 10 degrees.

[0023] The diameter of the distal end 125 of the first interface 124 can be configured to limit the advancement of the insert head. For example, the diameter of the distal end 125 can be configured to be smaller than the maximum diameter of the tapered portion of the rotationally symmetric insert head. In this configuration, the insertion distance beyond the distal end 125 corresponding to the limiting point is determined by the axial length of the portion of the insert head that is equal to or smaller than the diameter of the distal end 125. Therefore, a first interface 124 having this configuration can withstand a distal force applied by advancing an appropriately sized insert head that is configured to maintain its shape under a compressive load. In one example, the distal end 125 has a diameter of approximately 0.1 inches.

[0024] In examples including second interface 126, the distal end of second interface 126 may be configured to support a proximally directed axial load. For example, in configurations where opening 122 is circular, the distal end of second interface 126 may extend radially outward to form bearing surface 128, as shown in FIG. 3. In this particular configuration, a suitable feature, such as a flange, hook, or shoulder, engages bearing surface 128 to provide a pulling force for ejecting housing 100.

[0025] 2 and 3, the housing 100 is adapted to be inserted into the interior of the outer tube. For example, the cross-sectional shape of the side portion 130 may be configured to allow the housing 100 to be received inside the outer tube. In some examples, the side portion 130 is configured to have a cylindrical or other tubular shape. In configurations where the side portion 130 is cylindrical, the outer diameter of the side portion 130 may be slightly smaller than the inner cross-sectional shape of the flux thimble tube and / or guide tube of the movement system for the irradiation target assembly. In one example, the side portion 130 has an outer diameter of approximately 0.17 inches. The housing 100 may be configured to have a length of less than 0.75 inches. A housing 100 with such a configuration is particularly advantageous when the irradiation target assembly must pass through a bend in the guide tube, such as a bend with a radius of approximately 30 inches. Other shapes are also contemplated by the present disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the side portion 130 may be configured to have a cubic, hexagonal, or rectangular prism shape.

[0026] 3 , the side portion 130 defines a cavity 132 therein. The cavity 132 is axially aligned with the housing 100. Each of the plurality of side holes 140 is configured to extend laterally into the cavity 132. In some examples, the cavity comprises a primary section 134 and a secondary section 136. In examples in which the cavity 132 comprises sections 134 and 136, each of the plurality of side holes 140 is configured to extend laterally into the primary section 134.

[0027] Sections 134 and 136 may be configured as cylindrical holes having different diameters. In configurations where each section of the cavity is cylindrical, the diameter of primary section 134 may be larger than the diameter of secondary section 136. In this configuration, primary section 134 may abut secondary section 136 to form an intermediate shoulder 138 having the outer diameter of the primary section and the inner diameter of the secondary section. In some examples, primary section 134 is located proximally relative to secondary section 136. Other shapes are also contemplated by the present disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the cross-section of each of sections 134 and 136 may be independently configured to have a hexagonal cross-section, a rectangular cross-section, or any suitable polygonal cross-section.

[0028] 4 shows a partial cross-sectional schematic view of coupler 10 including inner assembly 200 according to at least one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure. Inner assembly 200 is disposed within cavity 132 and includes actuator body 210 and return member 250 for applying an axial default force to actuator body 210. Actuator body 210 includes first section 220, second section 230, and middle section 240. In various examples, first section 220 extends axially from middle section 240 in a first direction, and second section 230 extends axially from middle section 240 in a second direction opposite the first direction. In some examples, the first direction is a proximal direction, and the second direction is a distal direction. In one example, the actuator body 210 may be configured as a plunger, with the intermediate section 240 including a shoulder 242 and a tapered section 244, the first section 220 configured as a proximal shaft extending from the smaller end of the tapered section 244, and the second section 230 configured as a distal shaft extending from the shoulder 242. In configurations in which the actuator body 210 is a plunger, the plunger may be rotationally symmetric.

[0029] The actuator body 210 may be configured to slide along the axis of the cavity 132. For example, in a configuration in which the actuator body 210 is a plunger, the distal shaft may be configured as a cylindrical shaft having a diameter that is approximately the same as or slightly smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical secondary section 136 of the distal cavity 132. In this configuration, the diameter of the shoulder 242 may be approximately the same as or slightly smaller than the diameter of the primary section 134 of the proximal cavity 132. This sliding configuration of the actuator body 210 allows the axial alignment of the actuator body with the cavity 132 to be maintained as the plunger is displaced axially.

[0030] 4 , the return member 250 is adapted to provide an axial default force from stored energy. For example, the return member 250 may be configured as a resilient member that stores mechanical energy by undergoing a deformation stress and releases the mechanical energy when the deformation stress is removed. In various examples, the return member 250 may comprise a helical spring. In some examples, the return member 250 comprises a helical compression spring. The return member 250 may be arranged to apply an axial default force to the actuator body 210 in a first direction. For example, in an arrangement in which the actuator body 210 is a sliding plunger, the return member 250 may be configured as a helical compression spring that is axially disposed between the shoulder 242 and the distal end of the cavity and resists distal displacement of the plunger. Furthermore, the inner diameter of the helical compression spring may be approximately the same as or slightly larger than the diameter of the distal shaft of the plunger, and the outer diameter of the spring may be smaller than the diameter of the shoulder 242. In this configuration, the position of return member 250 is limited to a substantially radially inward position, but contact with shoulder 242 and intermediate shoulder 138 is maintained so that it can always apply a proximal axial force to the actuator body and / or a distal axial force to housing 100. Other configurations are contemplated by the present disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, return member 250 may be configured to comprise an extension spring, a Belleville spring, a magnetic return member, or a combination of return members.

[0031] The actuator body 210 may be configured to receive a resultant axial force that is the combination of the default force and a secondary force applied by the return member 250. For example, in a configuration in which the actuator body 210 is a sliding plunger, the proximal end of the proximal shaft may be configured to have a cylindrical shape with an outer diameter that is approximately the same as or slightly smaller than the cylindrical recess at the tip of the insert head. When an insert head having a central cylindrical recess is advanced distally through the opening 122 to engage with the proximal shaft, further advancement of the insert head results in a distal contribution to the resultant axial force applied to the actuator body. Thus, the resultant axial force always includes the default force applied by the return member 250, but a secondary axial force may be introduced, if necessary, to counteract the default force. When the secondary axial force is subsequently removed, the actuator body 210 returns to its state prior to the distally directed secondary axial force.

[0032] 4 , the resultant axial force applied to the actuator body 210 can be used to apply a lateral force to another component. For example, in a configuration in which the actuator body 210 is a rotationally symmetric sliding plunger, the proximal displacement of the tapered section 244 due to the axial default force applied to the plunger reduces the area of ​​the annular gap between the outer circle fixed at the axial reference position and the circumference of the cross section of the tapered surface intersecting the outer circle. Thus, an object located within this annular gap at the axial reference position will experience a lateral force as the displacement continues and / or the lateral default force increases. Uniformly distributing multiple axially fixed objects about a common axial position helps to evenly distribute the lateral force applied by the tapered section 244.

[0033] 2-4, the plurality of friction members 300 are configured to be driven by the intermediate section 240. For example, in a configuration in which the cavity sections 134 and 136 are cylindrical, the plurality of side holes 140 may be radially oriented and uniformly spaced about a common axial position within the stroke of the tapered portion 244 in the primary section 134. Furthermore, the dimensions of each of the plurality of friction members 300 may be slightly smaller than the diameter of the side hole 140 to minimize axial positional variation among the plurality of friction members without preventing radial displacement of the friction members. In this configuration, the plurality of friction members may include at least three friction members. The consistent axial positions of the plurality of friction members 300 facilitate uniform distribution of the lateral force applied by the tapered portion 244, and the side holes guide the radial displacement of the friction members.

[0034] In some examples, each of the plurality of friction members 300 is configured to have a spheroidal or generally spherical shape. The spherical shape of each friction member can minimize contact between the friction member and the side hole and / or between the friction member and the tapered surface of the mid-section, thereby facilitating outward displacement of each friction member through the side hole. In some examples, the plurality of friction members 300 comprise metal spheres. In some examples, the plurality of friction members 300 can be constructed from a steel alloy.

[0035] The radial force applied to the plurality of friction members 300 may be sized to provide automatic braking. In configurations in which the return member 250 is a spring, the spring constant of the spring may be configured to provide a default force corresponding to the braking force between the plurality of friction members 300 and the outer tube surrounding the coupler 10. The braking force required for this automatic braking may be based on the weight of the coupler 10 and the target assembly attached to the coupler. In some examples, the spring constant of the return member 250 may provide a friction force greater than that required for self-braking. In this configuration, the difference between the maximum friction force and the force required for braking defines a threshold force that the opposing force must overcome to release the brake friction members 300. The threshold force may therefore be configured to provide a desired brake release sensitivity to prevent accidental release of the brake. Thus, a coupler 10 having this configuration may provide the advantages of easily optimizing the target position within the reactor core and reducing worker exposure to ionizing radiation by providing a reliable and easily releasable self-braking mechanism.

[0036] 5 illustrates a plan view of a coupling insert 20 according to at least one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure. The coupling insert 20 includes an insert head 410 and a receiving end 420, which are axially aligned with one another. The cross-sectional shape of the coupling insert 20 is sized slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the guide tube of the transfer system. Thus, the coupling insert 20 can move along the length of the guide tube of the transfer system.

[0037] In various examples, the insert head 410 includes a tapered portion 412 having a small distal end 412a and a large proximal end 412b. In some examples, the insert head 410 can include an intermediate member 414 axially aligned between the tapered portion 412 and the receiving end 420. In certain examples, the insert head 410 can define a distal void 411 that extends proximally from the distal end 412a to a proximal end of the void 411. The proximal end of the void 411 is located distal to the proximal end 412b of the tapered portion.

[0038] The insert head 410 may be configured to be inserted into the housing 100 of the coupler 10. For example, the taper angle of the tapered portion 412 may be approximately the same as or slightly less than the taper angle of the tapered first interface 124. Furthermore, at least a portion of the insert head 410 may be sized to have a cross-sectional shape that is smaller than the diameter of the opening 122. The insert head 410 may optionally include a tip 418 that extends distally beyond the distal end 412a. The length of the tip 418 may provide any desired maximum insertion depth into the cavity 132.

[0039] In some examples, the insert head 410 is configured as a segmented body having three or more axial fingers 416 separated by elongated voids that extend substantially the length of the insert head 410. In one example, the segmented insert head 410 may be constructed of a high-strength material such as a steel alloy. The interface between the voids 411 and the elongated voids may have an internal shoulder, as shown in FIG. 4 . The elongated voids provide space for the fingers 416 to flex inward. Thus, compressing an insert head 410 with this configuration causes the fingers 416 to momentarily flex inward. The degree of flexure of each finger 416 depends on the total number of fingers, the overall direction and magnitude of the compressive force, and the cross-sectional shape of the members within the voids 411, such as the tips 418. Other configurations are contemplated by the present disclosure. For example, in other embodiments, the insert head may be configured to be substantially incompressible.

[0040] 3-5, the cross-sectional shape of the insert head 410 may be rotationally symmetric. For example, at least a portion of the insert head 410 may have a generally circular cross-sectional shape. In various examples, the outer diameter D of the insert head 410 varies along the axial length of the insert head 410. In some examples, the tapered portion 412 may be configured to form a portion of a cone, with the larger proximal end 412b configured as a circular base of the conical tapered portion 412 having an outer diameter greater than the diameter of the distal end 125 of the first interface 124. In examples where the insert head 410 includes an intermediate member 414, the intermediate member 414 may be configured to abut the circular proximal end 412b, with the circular distal end 414a having a smaller diameter than the circular proximal end 412b, thereby forming a shoulder 413 having an inner diameter defined by the distal end 414a and an outer diameter defined by the proximal end 412b. In a segmented configuration of the insert head 410, the outer diameter D is represented in an uncompressed state by the diameter of a circumscribing circle passing through the radially outermost portion of each finger 416 at a given axial position. In a compressed state, the diameter of a circumscribing circle passing through the radially outermost portion of each finger 416 at a given axial position is represented by the outer diameter Dcomp.

[0041] As the generally circular insert head 410 is advanced distally through the opening 122 in the housing 100, sliding contact is established between at least a portion of the tapered section 412 and the tapered first interface 124 until a first advancement point at which a portion of the tapered section 412 that is larger than the diameter of the distal end 125 reaches the distal end 125. At this first advancement point, the tapered section 412 and the tapered first interface 124 share multiple radial contact points, causing them to axially align, preventing further advancement of the insert head 410 within the housing 100 and / or applying a radially inward force to at least the portion of the insert head 410 that is in contact with the tapered first interface 124. If the length of the tip 418 is configured to engage the proximal shaft of the actuator body 210 just prior to reaching the first advancement point, then applying a distal axial force to the incompressible insert head 410 after reaching the first advancement point can apply a distal secondary force to the actuator body 210, thereby reducing the default force on the actuator body to release the brake state of the coupler 10. Thus, an incompressible insert head 410 with this configuration can be configured to advance the coupler 10 distally within the movement system and / or guide tube by simply inserting the coupling insert 20 axially into the housing 100 without compromising removal of the coupling insert 20 after deployment of the coupler 10.

[0042] 3-5, in an example where the insert head 410 does not include a tip 418, maintaining a distally directed axial force on the compressible segmented insert head 410 after reaching the first advancement point causes each of the fingers 416 to deflect radially inwardly in a substantially uniform manner, causing the diameter Dcomp of any portion of the insert head 410 in contact with the distal end 125 of the first interface 124 to shrink to a diameter Dcomp 125 that is approximately the same as the diameter of the distal end 125. Thus, the large proximal end 412b of the compressible insert head 410, now compressed to diameter Dcomp 125, can advance through the second interface 126. When the larger proximal end 412b of the compressible insert head 410 is advanced beyond a second advancement point where the larger proximal end 412b is radially aligned with the distal end 127 of the second interface 126, the intermediate member 414 of the insert head 410 expands to a diameter Dcomp 125, causing the shoulder 413 to engage the bearing surface 128, forming a positive lock between the coupler 10 and the coupling insert 20. Furthermore, the size and shape of the gap 411, and the internal shoulder formed thereby, may be configured to engage the proximal shaft of the actuator body 210 just prior to reaching the second advancement point, such that subsequent advancement of the insert head 410 imparts a distally directed secondary force to the actuator body 210, thereby reducing the default force on the actuator body to release the brake state of the coupler 10. Any subsequent proximal pulling force applied to the compressible insert head 410 is transferred to the coupler 10 via the bearing surface 128, while the secondary force on the actuator body 210 is maintained. The contact area between the bearing surface 128 and the shoulder 413 may be configured to provide a maximum pulling force of 50 pounds or more, 75 pounds or more, 100 pounds or more, 125 pounds or more, 150 pounds or more, or up to about 200 pounds. Thus, a coupling insert 20 having this configuration can be simply inserted axially into the coupler 10 to release the brake on the coupler 10, and then the coupler 10 can be retrieved through the guide tube of the movement system without risk of disconnection.

[0043] FIG. 6 shows a partial perspective view of a coupling insert 20 for a movement system according to at least one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure. The receiving end 420 can be adapted to receive a driven cable assembly of the movement system. For example, the receiving end can be configured as a socket for receiving a driven end 500 of the movement system. In some examples, the receiving end 420 includes a spheroid-shaped socket 422 for a ball-and-socket coupling system and an axial channel 424, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 . The diameter of the axial channel 424 is substantially smaller than the diameter of the spheroid-shaped socket 422 so that an inserted ball is retained when a pulling force is applied to the coupling insert by the cable assembly. In some examples, the receiving end 420 includes a radial channel 426 that intersects the socket 422 and the axial channel 424. The profile of the radial channel 424 can be approximately the same as or slightly larger than the axial cross-sectional profile of the ball interface of the driven end of the movement assembly. This particular configuration, as shown in FIG. 6, facilitates assembly and / or disassembly of the ball-and-socket system outside of the guide tube of the movement system by allowing the ball of the driven end 500 of the movement system to be easily inserted into the socket via the radial channel, yet prevents disconnection when placed inside the guide tube of the movement system because there is no radial clearance between the receiving end 420 and the inner wall of the guide tube that would be required for disassembly.

[0044] 7 and 8 show partial cross-sectional schematic views of a coupling system 1000 including a coupling insert 1100 for a movement system and a coupler 1200 for an irradiation target assembly, in accordance with at least one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 7 shows the coupling system 1000 in an uncoupled state, and FIG. 8 shows the coupling system 1000 in a fully coupled state. Additionally, FIGS. 7 and 8 show the coupling system 1000 disposed within a separate outer tube 2000.

[0045] The coupling insert 1100 is similar in many respects to other coupling inserts described elsewhere in this disclosure, and for the sake of brevity, those coupling inserts will not be described in the same detail here. The coupling insert 1100 includes a distally located insert head 1110 and a proximally located receiving end adapted to receive a driven cable assembly of a movement system. In various examples, the insert head 1110 includes a tapered portion 1120. In some examples, the insert head 1110 includes a shoulder 1130 having a diameter equal to the maximum diameter of the tapered portion 1120. In certain examples, the insert head 1110 may be configured as three or more radially compressible, segmented fingers 1122.

[0046] In one example, the insert head 1110 includes a notch 1124 located at the distal end of the insert head 1110 and defining a cavity, as shown in FIG. 7. In examples where the insert head 1110 includes the notch 1124, the insert head 1110 may optionally include a tip sized to fit within the cavity defined by the notch. The optional tip may be configured similarly to tip 418 described above. While FIG. 7 shows the insert head 1110 as compressible, the insert head 1110 may also be configured as a non-compressible insert head with an integrated tip.

[0047] The insert head 1110 may be configured similarly to the insert head 410 described above. Accordingly, the insert head 1110 may be configured to compress when advanced distally from a non-connected state through the tapered opening and / or cylindrical bore. Similarly, as the insert head 1110 is advanced further axially, a shoulder on the insert head 1110 may be adapted to engage a bearing surface in a fully connected state to prevent disconnection under large tensile recovery loads. Furthermore, the receiving end of the coupling insert 1100 may be configured similarly to the receiving end 420 described above. Accordingly, the receiving end of the coupling insert 1100 may be adapted to connect with an existing ball-and-socket assembly of a movement system. Therefore, a coupling insert 1100 having such a configuration can be operated without requiring special rotation or cumbersome manipulation of the coupling insert.

[0048] Coupler 1200 is similar in many respects to other couplers described elsewhere in this disclosure, and for the sake of brevity, those couplers will not be described in the same detail here. In various examples, coupler 1200 includes a housing 1210 and a brake assembly 1240. Housing 1210 can include a proximal end 1220, a distal end, and a side portion 1230 extending axially between the proximal end 1220 and the distal end. Side portion 1230 defines a cavity therein and includes a plurality of side holes 1234 extending laterally into the cavity. Proximal end 1220 includes an opening 1221 having a first diameter and a first interface 1222 extending distally from opening 1221. In various examples, first interface 1222 includes a tapered surface 1223 that gradually tapers from the first diameter. In some examples, the proximal end 1220 includes a second interface. In one example, the second interface includes an axial bore 1224 having a second diameter, and the tapered surface of the first interface 1222 tapers from the first diameter toward the proximal end of the axial bore 1224. In one example, the second interface includes a bearing surface 1226 formed by a radially outward extension of the distal end of the axial bore 1224 of the second interface. The housing 1210 can optionally include a lateral access 1211 located at the distal end of a cavity defined by the sides in the axial direction.

[0049] The housing 1210 may be configured similarly to the housing 100 described above. As such, the housing 1210 may be adapted to align with and receive the distally advancing coupling insert 1100. For example, the first diameter of the opening 1221 of the proximal end 1220 may be configured to surround the tapered portion of the insert head 1110, and the first interface 1222 may be configured with a tapered surface for slidably receiving and aligning the tapered insert head 1110, as shown in FIG. 7. The first interface 1222 may further be adapted to apply a compressive load to the compressible insert head 1110 as the insert head 1110 advances beyond the distal end of the first interface. Similarly, the second interface may be adapted to provide a positive locking engagement with the coupling insert 1100, as shown in FIG. 8. For example, the area of ​​the bearing surface 1226 may be configured to maximize the contact area between the shoulder 1130 and the bearing surface 1226. The distal end of the housing 1210 may further be adapted to be removably connected to the irradiation target assembly without loss of connection or range of motion when passing through bends or non-linear passages in the outer tube. Thus, a coupler 1200 with such a configuration may be engaged by simply inserting the coupling insert 1100 axially into the coupler during retrieval of the irradiation target assembly without compromising the reliability of the connection between the irradiation target assembly and the movement system.

[0050] The brake assembly 1240 includes a plunger 1241 disposed within a cavity of the housing 1210, a spring 1245, and a plurality of brake balls 1250. In various examples, the plunger 1241 includes a proximal shaft, a mid-section, and a distal shaft, with the proximal and distal shafts configured to extend axially from the mid-section. The proximal end of the proximal shaft is accessible through the opening 1221. In some examples, the spring 1245 is disposed around the distal shaft. In one example, the spring 1245 is a helical compression spring. The distal end of the plunger 1241 may optionally include a retention interface 1244. By inserting a retention tool through the lateral access 1211 to maintain the compression of the spring 1245, the coupler 1200 can be easily assembled and / or disassembled outside of the movement system.

[0051] The brake assembly 1240 may be configured similarly to the inner assembly 200 described above. For example, the plunger 1241 may be configured similarly to the actuator body 210. Thus, the plunger 1241 may be adapted to convert a resultant axial force into a lateral force in the plunger's 1241 default state. For example, the midsection of the plunger 1241 may be configured to receive a default force applied by a spring 1245, thereby exerting an outward lateral force on the contacting components, as shown in FIG. 7 . Furthermore, the proximal shaft of the plunger 1241 may be pressed into engagement with the insert head 1110 advancing through the opening 1221, generating a secondary axial force that counteracts the default force on the plunger 1241, thereby deforming the spring 1245 and releasing the plunger 1241 from the default state. In this configuration, removal of the secondary axial force automatically returns the plunger 1241 to its default state. Thus, a brake assembly 1240 with this configuration can automatically default to a lateral force, while also being able to override the default state if desired by simply inserting the coupling insert 1100 to reversibly deform the spring 1245.

[0052] Furthermore, the brake balls 1250 may be configured similarly to the friction members 300 described above. Accordingly, the brake balls 1250 may be adapted to be driven outwardly by the midsection of the plunger 1241 through the side holes of the housing 1210 into contact with the inner wall of the outer tube 2000, as shown in FIG. 7 . Furthermore, the coupler 1200 may be adapted to automatically secure within the outer tube 2000 upon disengagement from the coupling insert 1100. For example, the spring 1245 may be configured to apply a default force sufficient to the plunger 1241 to drive the brake balls 1250 toward the inner wall of the outer tube 2000 with a lateral braking force. The lateral braking force creates sufficient friction between the brake balls 1250 and the outer tube 2000 to withstand the weight of the coupler 1200 and an irradiation target assembly attached to the distal end of the coupler 1200, thereby providing automatic self-braking. Thus, the brake assembly 1240 with such a configuration can provide automatic self-braking action to secure the coupler 1200.

[0053] Because release of the default state is dependent on the proximal shaft of the plunger 1241 being subjected to a secondary axial force, the insert head 1110 may be configured to have an insert depth sufficient to push the proximal shaft of the plunger 1241 without engaging the bearing surface 1226 to avoid positively locking the insert head 1110 within the housing 1210. While FIG. 8 shows the insert head 1110 engaged and positively locked with the proximal shaft 1242, the insert head 1110 may be configured to have a longer maximum insert depth that releases the default state of the plunger before reaching the fully connected state shown in FIG. For example, a compressible tapered insert head 1110 with a removable tip or a non-compressible tapered insert head 1110 with an integrated tip may be advanced through the opening 1221 and engage the tapered surface 1223, and then depress the proximal shaft of the plunger 1241 without further advancing the insert head 1110 distally beyond the distal end of the first interface 1222. A coupler with such a configuration may be used to advance the irradiation target assembly within the outer tube without establishing a positive lock between the insert head 1110 and the housing 1210, thereby facilitating retraction of the coupling insert 1100 without compromising the position of the coupler and / or the irradiation target insert attached thereto.

[0054] The coupler 1200, including the brake assembly 1240 configured to provide automatic self-braking, can maintain the position of the irradiation target assembly within the flux thimble tube and / or guide tube of the movement system without requiring additional mounting support. Furthermore, the brake assembly 1240 and coupling insert 1100 can be configured to easily and repeatedly release the brake ball 1250 and / or remove the coupler 1200 using a simple axial movement. In this manner, the coupling system 1000 is advantageous over other systems for moving irradiation targets by providing the benefit of increased operator safety without compromising the neutron flux delivered to the irradiation target and / or risking disconnection during movement operations.

[0055] 9 shows a diagram of a coupling system 1000 including a coupling insert 1100, a coupler 1200, and an irradiation target assembly 1300 according to at least one non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure. The irradiation target assembly 1300 includes a socket 1310 that removably connects to an interface 1212 at the distal end of a housing 1210. In various examples, the socket 1310 is configured to retain the interface 1212 under any axial load. In some examples, the interface 1212 is configured as a ball of a ball-and-socket assembly. In one example, the socket 1310 includes a lateral notch 1320. The profile of the lateral notch 1320 can be approximately the same as or slightly larger than the axial cross-sectional shape of the interface 1212 at the distal end of the housing 1210. In this configuration, the interface 1212 can follow a generally lateral path when entering and / or exiting the socket 1310, facilitating assembly and / or disassembly of the irradiation target assembly 1300 and the coupler 1200 at a remote location external to the movement system and / or flux thimble tube. Once the housing 1210 and irradiation target assembly 1300 are assembled and inserted into the outer tube, the outer tube substantially limits the axial displacement required to laterally remove the housing from the irradiation target assembly.

[0056] Various aspects of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, those listed in the following numbered paragraphs.

[0057] Item 1 - A coupler for connecting an irradiation target assembly to a movement system, the coupler comprising a housing adapted to be inserted into the outer tube and inner assembly. The housing comprises a proximal end with an opening, a distal end with an interface adapted to removably connect to the irradiation target assembly, and a side portion defining a cavity therein. The side portion extends axially between the proximal and distal ends and further comprises a plurality of side holes extending into the cavity. The inner assembly comprises an actuator body disposed within the cavity defined by the side portion of the housing, a return member for applying an axial default force to the actuator body, and a plurality of friction members configured to be driven laterally by the actuator body through the plurality of side holes. The actuator body further comprises a first section, a second section, and a middle section, each section of the actuator body being axially aligned with the housing, the first section extending axially from the middle section in a first direction, and the second section extending axially from the middle section in a second direction opposite the first direction.

[0058] Item 2 - The coupler of item 1, wherein the outer tube is a guide tube of a moving stem, a flux thimble tube, or a combination thereof.

[0059] Item 3 - A coupler according to any one of Items 1 and 2, wherein the interface comprises a head and a shank, and the head comprises a substantially spherical portion.

[0060] Item 4: The coupler according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the plurality of friction members include balls.

[0061] Item 5 - A coupler described in any one of items 1 to 4, wherein the actuator body is adapted to receive an axial resultant force including an axial default force, the axial default force being a force in a first direction, and the intermediate section of the actuator body is adapted to impart a lateral force to each of the plurality of friction members based at least on the axial resultant force.

[0062] Item 6 - The coupler of item 5, wherein the lateral force includes a radial component, and the magnitude of the radial component is adapted to drive each of the plurality of friction members into contact with the inner wall of the outer tube.

[0063] Item 7 - A coupler as described in item 6, wherein the coupler is fixed at an axial position within the outer tube by contact between each of the plurality of friction members and the inner wall of the outer tube.

[0064] Item 8 - The coupler of any one of items 5 to 7, wherein the resultant axial force is equal to or greater than a threshold force in the first direction.

[0065] Item 9 - The coupler of item 8, wherein the threshold force is based in part on the weight of the assembly to be illuminated.

[0066] Item 10 - A coupler according to any one of items 5 to 9, wherein the intermediate section has a tapered portion, and when the intermediate section is displaced in the first direction, each of the plurality of friction members is driven toward the outer tube.

[0067] Item 11 - A coupler as described in item 10, wherein the first section of the actuator body extends proximally from the intermediate section of the actuator body, and the second section of the actuator body extends distally from the intermediate section.

[0068] Item 12 - A coupler as described in Item 11, wherein the actuator body is a plunger having a proximal shaft and a distal shaft, the proximal shaft and the distal shaft extending axially from the intermediate section, and the proximal shaft of the plunger is accessible through an opening in the proximal end of the housing.

[0069] Item 13 - A coupler described in any one of items 1 to 12, wherein the return member comprises a spring adapted to provide an axial default force, the spring being disposed within the cavity, a first end of the spring being connected to the housing, and a second end of the spring being connected to the actuator body.

[0070] Item 14 - A coupler described in any one of items 1 to 13, wherein the opening at the proximal end of the housing has a diameter adapted to surround a coupling insert of the movement system.

[0071] Item 15 - A coupler as described in Item 14, wherein the opening at the proximal end has an intermediate region, the intermediate region having a first interface adapted to slidably receive an advancing coupling insert of the movement system.

[0072] Item 16 - A coupler as described in Item 15, wherein the intermediate region of the housing comprises a second interface adapted to positively lock a retracting coupling insert of the movement system.

[0073] Item 17 - A coupling system for moving an irradiation target assembly through an outer tube, the coupling system comprising: a coupling insert for a movement system; and a coupler for the irradiation target assembly. The coupling insert comprises an insert head and a receiving end adapted to receive a driven cable assembly of the movement system. The coupler comprises a housing and a brake assembly. The housing has a proximal end comprising an opening having a first diameter adapted to surround the insert head and a first interface adapted to slidably receive the insert head, a distal end comprising an interface adapted to removably connect to the irradiation target assembly, and a side portion extending axially between the proximal and distal ends, the side portion defining a cavity therein and including a plurality of side holes extending laterally into the cavity. The brake assembly further comprises: a plunger disposed within the cavity and having a proximal shaft, a distal shaft, and a mid-section, the proximal and distal shafts extending axially from the mid-section, the proximal shaft of the plunger being accessible through an opening in the proximal end of the housing; a spring disposed around the distal shaft of the plunger and adapted to apply a default force to the plunger; and a plurality of brake balls adapted to be driven outwardly by the plunger toward the outer tube, the plunger adapted to apply a lateral force to the plurality of brake balls based on the default force. The brake assembly is adapted to apply a fixed lateral force to the plurality of brake balls based on the default force, the fixed lateral force adapted to maintain an axial position of the coupler within the outer tube.

[0074] Item 18 - A coupling system as described in Item 17, wherein the first interface has a tapered surface that tapers from a first diameter of the opening at the proximal end of the housing, and the insert head has a tapered portion configured to be complementary to at least a portion of the tapered surface of the first interface when the insert head is advanced distally into the first interface.

[0075] Item 19 - The coupling system of item 18, wherein the housing comprises an axial bore and a second interface comprising a bearing surface, the axial bore further comprising a second diameter smaller than the first diameter of the opening in the proximal end of the housing, the tapered surface of the first interface tapering from the first diameter of the opening in the proximal end of the housing toward the proximal end of the axial bore, and the distal end of the axial bore extending radially outward to form the bearing surface.

[0076] Item 20 - The coupling system of item 19, wherein the insert head comprises a shoulder adapted to engage the bearing surface of the second interface after advancing the tapered portion of the insert head beyond the distal end of the axial bore.

[0077] Various features and characteristics, including the disclosed methods and systems, are described herein to provide an understanding of the composition, structure, manufacture, function, and / or operation of the present disclosure. It is understood that the various features and characteristics of the present disclosure described herein may be combined in any suitable manner, whether or not such features and characteristics are explicitly described in combination herein. The inventors and applicants expressly intend that such combinations of features and characteristics be included within the scope of the present disclosure as described herein. Accordingly, the claims may be amended to recite any features and characteristics, in any combination, explicitly or substantially described or explicitly or substantially supported by the present specification. Furthermore, applicants reserve the right to amend the claims to affirmatively disclaim any features or characteristics that may be present in the prior art, even if those features or characteristics are not explicitly described herein. Accordingly, such amendments do not add new matter to the specification or claims, but are subject to the requirements of the specification, specification sufficiency, and additional matter.

[0078] With respect to the appended claims, those skilled in the art will understand that the operations described therein may generally be performed in any order. Additionally, while various operational flows are shown in a sequential order, it should be understood that various operations may be performed in orders other than those depicted, or may be performed simultaneously. Examples of such alternative orders include overlapping, interleaved, interrupted, reordered, incremental, preparatory, supplemental, concurrent, reversed, or other variations, unless the context dictates otherwise. Furthermore, past tense adjective phrases such as "according to" and "in connection with" are generally not intended to exclude such variations, unless the context dictates otherwise.

[0079] The inventions described herein may comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of various features and characteristics described herein. Words such as "comprise" (and any form of "comprise," such as "comprises" and "comprising"), "have" (and any form of "have," such as "have" and "having"), "include" (and any form of "include," such as "comprising" and "including"), and "contain" (and any form of "contain," such as "contains" and "containing") are open-ended linking verbs. Thus, a method or system that "comprises," "has," "includes," or "contains" one or more features and / or characteristics has the one or more features and / or characteristics, but is not limited to having only the one or more features and / or characteristics. Similarly, an element of a composition, coating, or process that "comprises," "has," "includes," or "contains" one or more features and / or characteristics has those one or more features and / or characteristics, but is not limited to having only those one or more features and / or characteristics, and may have other features and / or characteristics.

[0080] As used herein, including the claims, the grammatical articles "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include "at least one" or "one or more" unless otherwise indicated. Accordingly, articles are used herein to refer to one or more than one (i.e., "at least one") of the grammatical object of the article. As an example, "component" means one or more components, and it is contemplated that more than one component may be employed or used in the practice of the described compositions, coatings, and processes. That being said, when using the words "at least one" or "one or more," it is understood that the absence of such words does not construe the grammatical articles "a," "an," and "the" as limiting their reference to only one. Furthermore, singular nouns include plurals, and plural nouns include the singular, unless the context requires otherwise.

[0081] As used herein, unless otherwise indicated, all numerical parameters should be understood to be prefaced and modified in all instances by the word "about." Such numerical parameters have the inherent variability characteristic of the underlying measurement techniques used to determine the numerical value of such parameters. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter set forth herein should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

[0082] Numerical ranges recited herein are intended to include all subranges subsumed within that range. For example, the range "1 to 10" includes all subranges between (and including) the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10, i.e., all subranges having a minimum value of 1 or greater and a maximum value of 10 or less. Also, all ranges recited herein are intended to include their endpoints. For example, the range "1 to 10" includes the endpoints 1 and 10. Each maximum numerical limitation recited herein is intended to include all subranges subsumed therein, and each minimum numerical limitation recited herein is intended to include all subranges subsumed therein. Accordingly, applicants reserve the right to amend the specification, including the claims, to expressly recite any subranges subsumed within any explicitly recited range. All such ranges are inherently set forth herein.

[0083] As used herein, particularly in reference to layers, the terms "on," "upper," "from above," and variations thereof (e.g., "coated on," "formed on," "deposited on," "provided on," "disposed on," etc.) mean coated, formed, deposited, provided, or disposed on the surface of a substrate, but not necessarily in contact with the surface of the substrate. For example, a layer "coated on" a substrate does not exclude another layer or other layer of the same or different composition from being disposed between the coated layer and the substrate. Similarly, a second layer "coated on" a first layer does not exclude another layer or other layer of the same or different composition from being disposed between the coated second layer and the coated first layer.

[0084] While particular examples of the present disclosure have been described above for purposes of illustration, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many changes in the details of the present disclosure may be made without departing from the disclosure as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. a coupler for connecting an illumination target assembly to a motion system, the coupler comprising: a housing adapted to be inserted into the outer tube, a distal end portion comprising an interface adapted to removably connect to the irradiation target assembly; a proximal end with an opening; the housing comprising: a side portion defining a cavity therein and including a plurality of side holes, the side portion extending axially between the proximal end and the distal end, the plurality of side holes extending into the cavity; an inner assembly comprising: an actuator body disposed within the cavity, the actuator body having a first section, a second section, and a middle section, each section of the actuator body being axially aligned with the housing, the first section extending axially from the middle section in a first direction, and the second section extending axially from the middle section in a second direction opposite the first direction; a return member for applying an axial default force to the actuator body; a plurality of friction members configured to be driven laterally by the actuator body through the plurality of side holes; Coupler.

2. the outer tube is a guide tube of the movement system, a flux thimble tube, or a combination thereof; 2. The coupler of claim 1.

3. the interface comprises a head and a shank; The head comprises a generally spherical portion.

2. The coupler of claim 1.

4. the plurality of friction members include balls; 2. The coupler of claim 1.

5. the actuator body is adapted to receive a resultant axial force including the axial default force; the axial default force is a force in the first direction; the intermediate section of the actuator body is adapted to apply a lateral force based at least on the resultant axial force to each of the plurality of friction members.

2. The coupler of claim 1.

6. the lateral force includes a radial component; the magnitude of the radial component is adapted to drive each of the plurality of friction members into contact with an inner wall of the outer tube.

6. The coupler of claim 5.

7. contact between each of the plurality of friction members and the inner wall of the outer tube fixes the coupler at an axial position within the outer tube; 7. The coupler of claim 6.

8. the resultant axial force is greater than or equal to a threshold force in the first direction; 8. The coupler of claim 7.

9. the threshold force is based in part on the weight of the irradiation target assembly; 9. The coupler of claim 8.

10. the intermediate section includes a tapered portion; When the intermediate section is displaced in the first direction, each of the plurality of friction members is driven toward the outer tube.

6. The coupler of claim 5.

11. the first section of the actuator body extends proximally from the intermediate section of the actuator body; the second section of the actuator body extending distally from the intermediate section; The coupler of claim 10.

12. the actuator body is a plunger having a proximal shaft and a distal shaft; the proximal shaft and the distal shaft extend axially from the mid-section; the proximal shaft of the plunger is accessible through the opening in the proximal end of the housing; 12. The coupler of claim 11.

13. the return member includes a spring adapted to provide the axial default force; the spring is disposed within the cavity; a first end of the spring configured to contact the housing and a second end of the spring configured to contact the actuator body; 2. The coupler of claim 1.

14. the opening at the proximal end of the housing is configured to surround a coupling insert of the movement system.

2. The coupler of claim 1.

15. the opening at the proximal end includes a middle region; the intermediate region includes a first interface adapted to receive an advancing coupling insert of the movement system; 15. The coupler of claim 14.

16. the intermediate region of the housing includes a second interface adapted to positively lock a retracting coupling insert of the movement system; 16. The coupler of claim 15.

17. a coupling system for moving the irradiation target assembly through the outer tube, comprising: The coupling system is 1. A coupling insert for a movement system, comprising: An insert head; the coupling insert comprising a receiving end adapted to receive a driven cable assembly of the motion system; a coupler for the illumination target assembly; The coupler comprises: A housing, a proximal end including an opening having a first diameter adapted to surround the insert head and a first interface adapted to slidably receive the insert head; a distal end portion comprising an interface adapted to removably connect to the irradiation target assembly; the housing defining a cavity therein, the housing having a plurality of side holes extending laterally into the cavity, and a side extending axially between the proximal end and the distal end; 1. A brake assembly comprising: a plunger disposed within the cavity and including a proximal shaft, a distal shaft, and a mid-section, the proximal and distal shafts extending axially from the mid-section, the proximal shaft of the plunger being accessible through the opening in the proximal end of the housing; a spring disposed about the distal shaft of the plunger and adapted to apply a default force to the plunger; the brake assembly comprising: a plurality of brake balls adapted to be driven outwardly toward the outer tube by the plunger, the plunger adapted to apply a lateral force to the plurality of brake balls based on the default force; the brake assembly is adapted to apply a fixed lateral force to the plurality of brake balls based on the default force; the fixed lateral force is adapted to maintain an axial position of the coupler within the outer tube. Coupling system.

18. the first interface includes a tapered surface tapering from the first diameter; the insert head including a tapered portion configured to be complementary to at least a portion of the tapered surface when the insert head is advanced distally into the first interface; 18. The coupling system of claim 17.

19. the housing includes a second interface; the second interface includes an axial bore and a bearing surface; the axial bore has a second diameter smaller than the first diameter; the tapered surface of the first interface tapers from the first diameter toward a proximal end of the axial bore; a distal end of the axial bore extending radially outward to define the bearing surface; 20. The coupling system of claim 18.

20. the insert head including a shoulder adapted to engage the bearing surface of the second interface after the tapered portion of the insert head is advanced beyond the distal end of the axial bore.

20. The coupling system of claim 19.

Images