Automotive interior displays including architected materials

Abstract

A display module comprising a mechanical system and method for improving energy absorption for HIT compliance and preventing breakage during impact. The display module can comprise an architected material with a designed geometry. The architected material can be disposed beneath a glass substrate of the display module or an attachment of the display module. The architected material can comprise one or more energy-absorbing unit cells, each energy-absorbing unit cell having a variable compressive stiffness defined by the slope of a force versus normalized displacement curve for the top surface of the energy-absorbing unit cell.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 430212, filed December 5, 2022, the contents of which are herein relied upon and incorporated by reference in their entirety. [Technical Field]

[0002] The present disclosure relates to display assemblies for use in various industries, such as consumer electronics, appliances, transportation, construction, defense, and medicine. In particular, the present disclosure relates to displays that use mechanical systems and methods for improving dynamic response to impacts. [Background technology]

[0003] Many products include interior displays. Some examples of interior displays are automotive interior displays. In automotive interior applications, these interior displays must meet performance requirements in the Headform Impact Test (HIT). The use of glass to cover these automotive interior displays poses challenges in meeting HIT regulations while remaining intact upon impact.

[0004] Thus, there is a continuing need for efficient and effective methods of forming interior displays, particularly interior displays for automobiles, that meet regulatory requirements and will not break upon impact. Summary of the Invention

[0005] A first aspect (1) of the present application is directed to a vehicle interior system, the vehicle interior system comprising: a vehicle interior base; and a display module disposed on the vehicle interior base. The display module comprises: a glass substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; an electronic display attached to the first surface of the glass substrate; and an architected material comprising an energy-absorbing unit cell. The energy-absorbing unit cell has a variable compressive stiffness defined by the slope of a curve of force versus normalized displacement about an upper surface of an upper edge of the energy-absorbing unit cell. The variable compressive stiffness comprises a first positive slope region over a first range of normalized displacement, a negative slope region over a second range of normalized displacement, and a second positive slope region over a third range of normalized displacement.

[0006] In a second embodiment (2), the first surface of the glass substrate according to the first embodiment (1) comprises a curved surface.

[0007] In a third aspect (3), the architected material according to the first aspect (1) or the second aspect (2) is disposed between a first surface of a glass substrate and a vehicle interior base.

[0008] In a fourth aspect (4), the architected material according to any one of aspects (1) to (3) is attached to a first surface of a glass substrate.

[0009] In a fifth aspect (5), the vehicle interior system described in any one of aspects (1) to (4) further comprises an attachment that connects the display module to the vehicle interior base, and the architected material is disposed between the attachment and the vehicle interior base.

[0010] In a sixth aspect (6), the architected material according to any one of aspects (1) to (5) is attached to a vehicle interior base.

[0011] In a seventh aspect (7), the architected material according to any one of aspects (1) to (6) comprises a plurality of energy absorbing unit cells arranged in a plurality of rows.

[0012] In an eighth aspect (8), the display according to any one of aspects (1) to (7) is viewable through an opening formed in the architected material.

[0013] In a ninth aspect (9), the architected material according to any one of aspects (1) to (8) has a thickness greater than the thickness of the glass substrate.

[0014] In a tenth aspect (10), the energy absorption unit cell of any one of aspects (1) to (9) comprises a first side wall portion comprising a first curved portion and a first flat portion, and a second side wall portion comprising a second curved portion and a second flat portion, wherein the thickness of the first curved portion and the thickness of the second curved portion are given by t, the height of the first curved portion and the height of the second curved portion are given by h, the length of the first curved portion and the length of the second curved portion are given by l / 2, the dimensionless parameter P is given by l / t, and the dimensionless parameter Q is given by h / t.

[0015] In an eleventh aspect (11), the first curved portion and the second curved portion according to the tenth aspect (10) each comprise an S-shape defined by a first curved segment and a second curved segment connected at an inflection point.

[0016] In a twelfth aspect (12), the value of Q according to the tenth aspect (10) or the eleventh aspect (11) is 2 or more.

[0017] In a thirteenth aspect (13), the value of P according to any one of aspects (10) to (12) is 13-16.

[0018] In a fourteenth aspect (14), the energy absorption unit cell according to any one of aspects (10) to (13) comprises an upper wall portion extending from the first curved portion to the second curved portion, and a lower wall portion extending from the first flat portion to the second flat portion.

[0019] In a fifteenth aspect (15), the width of the upper wall portion according to the fourteenth aspect (14) is given by W, the width of the first and second sides of the lower wall portion is given by w, and the height of the lower side of the lower wall portion is given by T, where the value of w is greater than the value of t and the value of w is less than the value of T.

[0020] In a sixteenth aspect (16), the force versus normalized displacement curve according to any one of aspects (1) to (15) does not include any force value below zero.

[0021] In a seventeenth aspect (17), the force versus normalized displacement curve according to any one of aspects (1) to (16) includes a force value below zero.

[0022] In an eighteenth aspect (18), the variable compression stiffness according to any one of aspects (1) to (17) transitions from a first positive slope region to a negative slope region at a first critical force value.

[0023] In a nineteenth aspect (19), the variable compression stiffness according to any one of aspects (1) to (18) transitions from the negative slope region to the second positive slope region at a second critical force value.

[0024] In a twentieth aspect (20), the vehicle interior base described in any one of aspects (1) to (19) includes at least one of a component of a vehicle dashboard, a component of a vehicle center console, a component of a vehicle instrument panel, a component of a vehicle steering wheel, a component of a rear portion of a vehicle seat, a component of a front portion of a vehicle seat, or a component of a vehicle door panel.

[0025] A twenty-first aspect (21) of the present application is directed to a vehicle interior system, the vehicle interior system comprising: a vehicle interior base; a glass substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; and an architected material disposed between the vehicle interior base and the glass substrate and comprising an energy absorption unit cell, the energy absorption unit cell having a variable compressive stiffness defined by a slope of a curve of force versus normalized displacement about an upper surface of an upper edge of the energy absorption unit cell, the variable compressive stiffness comprising a first positive slope region over a first range of normalized displacement, a negative slope region over a second range of normalized displacement, and a second positive slope region over a third range of normalized displacement.

[0026] The accompanying drawings incorporated herein, which form a part of this specification, illustrate aspects of the present disclosure. Together with the detailed description, the drawings further serve to explain the principles of the disclosed aspects and to enable one or more persons skilled in the relevant art to make and use the disclosed aspects. The drawings are intended to be illustrative and not limiting. While the present disclosure will generally be described in the context of these aspects, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure to these particular aspects. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0027] [Figure 1] 1 illustrates a perspective view of a vehicle interior having a vehicle-mounted display module, according to an embodiment. [Figure 2] 1 illustrates an exploded view of a display module, according to an embodiment. [Figure 3] 1 illustrates a side view of a display module according to an embodiment. [Figure 4] 1 illustrates an architected material, according to an embodiment. [Figure 5] Figure 4 shows the unit cell of the architected material. [Figure 6]6 shows a force versus normalized displacement curve for displacement of the top surface of the top edge of the unit cell of FIG. 5, according to an embodiment. [Figure 7A] 1 illustrates an exemplary HIT model of a display module. [Figure 7B] 1 illustrates an exemplary HIT model with architected material. [Figure 8A] FIG. 8 is a graph of headform deceleration versus time for the HIT model of FIGS. 7A and 7B. [Figure 8B] 7C is a graph of glass stress versus time for the HIT model of FIGS. 7A and 7B. [Figure 9A] FIG. 8 is a graph of headform deceleration versus time for the HIT model of FIGS. 7A and 7B. [Figure 9B] 7C is a graph of glass stress versus time for the HIT model of FIGS. 7A and 7B. [Figure 10A] 1 illustrates an exemplary HIT model of a display module. [Figure 10B] 1 illustrates an exemplary HIT model with architected material. [Figure 11A] 10C is a graph of headform deceleration versus time for the HIT model of FIGS. 10A and 10B. [Figure 11B] 10C is a graph of glass stress versus time for the HIT model of FIGS. 10A and 10B. [Figure 12A] 10C is a graph of headform deceleration versus time for the HIT model of FIGS. 10A and 10B. [Figure 12B] 10C is a graph of glass stress versus time for the HIT model of FIGS. 10A and 10B. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0028] The following examples are illustrative, but not limiting, of the present disclosure. Other suitable modifications and adaptations of the variety of conditions and parameters normally encountered in the art and which are obvious to those skilled in the art are within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

[0029] The interior display modules described herein can be used in a variety of applications. Components of the display module can include a glass substrate (e.g., a cover glass), an electronic display, and a material for energy absorption. The material for energy absorption can help display modules, particularly in automotive applications, improve the dynamic response of the display module upon impact, allowing the display module to remain intact and meet regulatory requirements.

[0030] For example, HIT regulations require glass to break at a certain impact load. Relatedly, some HIT regulations stipulate that the deceleration of the headform under test must not exceed 80 g (g-force) continuously for more than 3 milliseconds. Increasing the capacity of the glass substrate to dissipate compressive stress can enable the glass substrate to withstand impact and prevent breakage. However, breakage at a certain impact load may be required to prevent injury. Display modules can employ high-strength glass designed to be thin to meet HIT regulations and enable breakage at a threshold impact load. However, designs with high-strength, thin glass may be susceptible to breakage even upon impacts below the threshold impact load, which may be undesirable for OEM (original equipment manufacturer) parts. The display modules described herein can prevent breakage below the threshold impact load, meet HIT regulations, and have a cost-effective design.

[0031] According to non-limiting embodiments, architected materials can be used for energy absorption to improve the dynamic response of display modules during impact. To achieve this improvement, satisfy HIT regulations, and prevent the glass substrate of a display module from easily breaking, the architected material can have an engineered geometry. In embodiments, the architected material can take advantage of its elastic instability under compression by utilizing elastic buckling to improve the energy absorption of a display module. As described herein, the architected material can buckle such that the architected material moves between configurations when a critical force value is reached, such that the architected material has negative stiffness under compressive load. Compared to plastic or foam plates without engineered geometry, architected materials have several advantages, such as the ability to return to an initial position and configuration after impact and repeatability of mechanical energy absorption to accommodate additional impacts. Architected materials can improve the HIT behavior of display modules by reducing the deceleration of the test headform and the maximum stress on the glass. The improved dynamic performance of the display module through the addition of architected materials can be beneficial in meeting HIT regulations and preventing breakage of the glass substrate upon impact.

[0032] In embodiments, an architected material can comprise one or more bistable unit cells. In such embodiments, the bistable unit cells can improve energy absorption of the architected material and the display module. In other embodiments, the architected material can comprise one or more monostable unit cells. As used herein, "bistable" and "monostable" can describe the response of a unit cell after an external compressive load is released. A unit cell that is bistable has a force value below zero in a force vs. normalized displacement graph and can remain in a deformed state after the external compressive load is released. A unit cell that is monostable does not have a force value below zero in a force vs. normalized displacement graph and can return to the unit cell's initial, undeformed state after the external load is released.

[0033] In embodiments, the architected material can include PC ABS, which is a blend of polycarbonate and ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) materials. In embodiments, the architected material can include a thermoplastic polymer. In embodiments, the architected material can include a plastic foam. Exemplary plastic foams include, but are not limited to, polyurethane foam or polyethylene foam.

[0034] As used herein, the terms "cold-formed" or "cold-forming" (which may also be referred to as "cold-bent" or "cold-bending") refer to bending a glass substrate at a cold-forming temperature below the softening point of the glass. For example, in embodiments, cold-forming a glass substrate can be performed at a temperature of about 100°C or less. In embodiments, cold-forming a glass substrate can be performed at a temperature of about 30°C or less. In embodiments, cold-forming a glass substrate can be performed at a temperature in the range of about 20°C to about 100°C, including subranges. For example, cold-forming a glass substrate can be performed at a temperature in the range of about 20°C to about 100°C, about 20°C to about 60°C, or about 20°C to about 30°C, or within a range having any two of these values ​​as endpoints.

[0035] As used herein, "disposed on" means that a first layer or component is in direct contact with a second layer or component. In other words, when a first layer or component is disposed on a second layer or component, there is no layer or component disposed between the first and second layer or component. When a first layer or component is described as being "attached" to a second layer or component, it means that the layers or components are attached to each other via an adhesive layer. When a first layer or component is described as being "directly attached" to a second layer or component, it means that the layers or components are attached directly to each other via an adhesive layer with no intermediate layer. When a first layer or component is described as being "disposed on" a second layer or component, other layers may or may not be present between the first and second layer or component. A first layer or component described as "disposed on" or "disposed over" a second layer or component does not imply that the first layer or component and the second layer or component are assembled in any particular order. Unless otherwise specified, the first layer or component and the second layer or component can be assembled in any order.

[0036] In embodiments, the glass substrate can be cold-formed. In embodiments, the display module can include a frame and an attachment (e.g., a bracket). The attachment can be used to attach the display module to a vehicle interior base, which can be a component of the vehicle interior, such as a vehicle dashboard, a vehicle center console, a vehicle instrument panel, a vehicle steering wheel, a rear vehicle seat, a front vehicle seat, a vehicle door panel, or any other vehicle interior part. In embodiments, the glass substrate can be disposed on an adhesive layer that attaches the glass substrate to the frame and / or the architected material. In embodiments, the glass substrate and the architected material can be directly attached to each other via the adhesive layer. In embodiments, the display module can include multiple architected materials, and the glass substrate can be disposed on the multiple architected materials. In embodiments, the attachment can be disposed on the architected material. In such embodiments, the architected material can be disposed between the display module and the vehicle interior.

[0037] FIG. 1 illustrates a vehicle interior 10 including one or more vehicle-mounted display modules 100, according to an embodiment. The vehicle interior can include one or more vehicle interior bases 20. The vehicle interior bases 20 can be supported, for example, on a vehicle dashboard 22 component, a vehicle center console 24 component, a vehicle instrument panel 26 component, a vehicle steering wheel 28 component, a rear vehicle seat component, a front vehicle seat component, and / or a vehicle door panel component. The one or more vehicle interior bases 20 can support one or more display modules 100. The display modules 100 can be disposed on the vehicle interior bases 20. In this manner, the display modules 100 can be adapted for use in the vehicle interior 10. Accordingly, the display modules 100 can be required to meet HIT regulations designed for automobiles capable of testing for head impact damage.

[0038] FIG. 2 illustrates an exploded view of a display module 100, according to an embodiment. FIG. 3 illustrates a side view of the display module 100 along a lateral axis 2 in an assembled form, according to an embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 2-3 , in an embodiment, the display module 100 can include a glass substrate 200 and an architected material 400. In an embodiment, the display module 100 can include a glass substrate 200, an architected material 400, and an electronic display 500. In an embodiment, the display module 100 can include a glass substrate 200, an adhesive layer 300, an architected material 400, and an electronic display 500. As used herein, the term “electronic display” includes a touch panel, a display with or without touch functionality, or an icon or surface with touch functionality. The display can include a liquid crystal display, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, a micro-light-emitting diode display (microLED), an active matrix OLED (AMOLED), a quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) display, etc. In an embodiment, display module 100 can include glass substrate 200, adhesive layer 300, and architected material 400. In an embodiment, adhesive layer 300 can attach glass substrate 200 to architected material 400. In an embodiment, adhesive layer 300 can attach glass substrate 200 to electronic display 500. In an embodiment, adhesive layer 300 can attach glass substrate 200 to architected material 400 and electronic display 500.

[0039] In an embodiment, display module 100 may include frame 600. In an embodiment, frame 600 may be attached to glass substrate 200. In an embodiment, frame 600 may be attached to electronic display 500. In an embodiment, frame 600 may be attached to glass substrate 200 and electronic display 500. Frame 600 may support display module 100 and components of display module 100. In an embodiment, glass substrate 200 may be disposed on frame 600.

[0040] In an embodiment, the display module 100 can include a back cover 700. The back cover 700 can support the display module 100 and components of the display module 100. In an embodiment, the frame 600 can be disposed on the back cover 700.

[0041] In an embodiment, the display module 100 may include an attachment 800. The attachment 800 may attach the display module 100 and components of the display module 100 to the vehicle interior base 20 of the vehicle interior 10. In an embodiment, the attachment 800 may include a bracket. In an embodiment, the attachment 800 may be attached directly to the back cover 700.

[0042] In embodiments, display module 100 may include multiple electronic displays 500. One or more of electronic displays 500 of display module 100 may be, for example, a liquid crystal display, a light emitting diode display, or an organic light emitting diode display.

[0043] Although the embodiments described herein may refer to one of these components and / or components, it should be understood that display module 100 may include additional components and / or one or more of the components shown in Figures 2-3. The components of display module 100 may be assembled along an axis parallel to lateral axis 2.

[0044] Although FIG. 1 illustrates an automotive interior, various embodiments of the display module 100 may be incorporated into any type of vehicle, such as trains, automobiles (e.g., cars, trucks, buses, etc.), watercraft (boats, ships, submarines, etc.), and aircraft (e.g., drones, planes, jets, helicopters, etc.), including both human-operated vehicles and semi-autonomous and fully autonomous vehicles.

[0045] In embodiments, the glass substrate 200 can be cold-formed. The glass substrate 200 can be composed of a suitable glass composition, such as soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, boroaluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing aluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing borosilicate glass, and alkali-containing boroaluminosilicate glass. As used herein, the term "glass substrate" is used in its broadest sense to include any object made entirely or partially of glass. Glass substrates can include stacks of glass and non-glass materials, stacks of glass and crystalline materials, and glass-ceramics (including amorphous and crystalline phases). Glass substrates can be transparent or opaque. In embodiments, cold-formed glass substrates can include colorants to provide a particular color.

[0046] The glass substrate 200 can comprise a first surface 210 and a second surface 220. The second surface 220 can be opposite the first surface 210 of the glass substrate 200. The first surface 210 can be the top surface of the glass substrate 200, and the second surface 220 can be the bottom surface of the glass substrate 200. As used herein, the terms “top surface” and “bottom surface” refer to the top and bottom surfaces of a layer, component, or article as they would be oriented during normal and intended use, with the top surface being the surface facing the user. In an embodiment, the top surface of the display module 100 can comprise the first surface 210 of the glass substrate 200. In an embodiment, the glass substrate 200 can comprise a curved surface. In an embodiment, the first surface 210 of the glass substrate 200 can comprise a curved surface. In an embodiment, the second surface 220 of the glass substrate 200 can comprise a curved surface. In other embodiments, the first surface 210 and / or the second surface 220 of the glass substrate 200 can comprise a flat surface. In embodiments, the first surface 210 and / or the second surface 220 of the glass substrate 200 can comprise a V-shaped surface.

[0047] The adhesive layer 300 can include a first surface 310 and a second surface 320. In embodiments, the second surface 220 of the glass substrate 200 can be disposed on the first surface 310 of the adhesive layer 300. The adhesive layer 300 can include a bonding material, such as a structural adhesive or an optically clear adhesive. In embodiments, the bonding material can include a rigid, semi-rigid, or conformable spacer of a different material than the structural adhesive or other bonding medium. In embodiments, the bonding material can include Very High Bond (VHB™) tape, available from 3M™.

[0048] Architected material 400 can comprise first surface 410 and second surface 420. In embodiments, architected material 400 can be used as support for display module 100 by absorbing energy from an impact to display module 100. In embodiments, architected material 400 can be disposed within display module 100 below glass substrate 200. In embodiments, architected material 400 can be disposed within display module 100 below electronic display 500. In embodiments, architected material 400 can be disposed below attachment 800. In such embodiments, architected material 400 can be disposed between attachment 800 and vehicle base 20.

[0049] In an embodiment, display module 100 can include multiple architected materials 400. For example, display module 100 can include a first architected material 400 disposed between glass substrate 200 and electronic display 500, and a second architected material 400 disposed between electronic display 500 and frame 600. As another example, display module 100 can include a first architected material 400 disposed between glass substrate 200 and frame 600, and a second architected material 400 attached to attachment 800.

[0050] In embodiments, architected material 400 can be disposed below glass substrate 200. In such embodiments, glass substrate 200 can be disposed above architected material 400. In embodiments, architected material 400 can be attached to glass substrate 200. In embodiments, architected material 400 can be attached to first surface 210 of glass substrate 200. In embodiments, architected material 400 can be directly attached to first surface 210 of glass substrate 200. In embodiments, architected material 400 can be attached to second surface 220 of glass substrate 200. In embodiments, first surface 410 of architected material 400 can be attached to second surface 220 of glass substrate 200. In embodiments, architected material 400 can be directly attached to second surface 220 of glass substrate 200.

[0051] In an embodiment, the second surface 320 of the adhesive layer 300 can be disposed on the architected material 400. In such an embodiment, the glass substrate 200 and the architected material 400 can be directly attached via the adhesive layer 300.

[0052] In embodiments, second surface 320 of adhesive layer 300 can be disposed on electronic display 500. In embodiments, electronic display 500 can be disposed on frame 600. In embodiments, frame 600 can be disposed on back cover 700. In embodiments, electronic display 500 can be attached to glass substrate 200. In embodiments, electronic display 500 can be directly attached to first surface 210 of glass substrate 200. In embodiments, electronic display 500 can be directly attached to second surface 220 of glass substrate 200. In embodiments, frame 600 can be attached to glass substrate 200. In embodiments, frame 600 can be directly attached to first surface 210 of glass substrate 200. In embodiments, frame 600 can be directly attached to second surface 220 of glass substrate 200. In embodiments, back cover 700 can be attached to glass substrate 200. In embodiments, the back cover 700 may be attached directly to the first surface 210 of the glass substrate 200. In embodiments, the back cover 700 may be attached directly to the second surface 220 of the glass substrate 200.

[0053] In embodiments, the electronic display 500 can be disposed above the architected material 400. In embodiments, the architected material 400 can be attached to the electronic display 500 (e.g., via the first surface 410 of the architected material 400). In such embodiments, the architected material 400 can be disposed below the second surface 220 of the glass substrate 200. Thus, in embodiments, the architected material 400 can be disposed between the glass substrate 200 and the electronic display 500. In embodiments, the architected material 400 can be disposed below the electronic display 500. In such embodiments, the architected material 400 can be disposed between the glass substrate 200 and the vehicle interior base 20. In such embodiments, the architected material 400 can be disposed between the second surface 220 of the glass substrate 200 and the vehicle interior base 20.

[0054] The attachment 800 may include a first surface 810 and a second surface 820. The attachment 800 may attach the display module 100 to the vehicle interior 10. For example, in embodiments, the attachment 800 may attach the display module 100 to a vehicle base 20 disposed above a component of the vehicle dashboard 22. In embodiments, the attachment 800 may attach the display module 100 to a vehicle base 20 disposed above a component of the vehicle center console 24. In embodiments, the attachment 800 may attach the display module 100 to a vehicle base 20 disposed above a component of the vehicle instrument panel 26. In embodiments, the attachment 800 may attach the display module 100 to a vehicle base 20 disposed above a component of the vehicle steering wheel 28. In embodiments, the attachment 800 may attach the display module 100 to a vehicle base 20 disposed above a component behind a vehicle seat. In an embodiment, attachment 800 can mount display module 100 to a vehicle base 20 disposed above a component in front of a vehicle seat. In an embodiment, attachment 800 can mount display module 100 to a vehicle base 20 disposed above a component in a vehicle door panel.

[0055] In an embodiment, back cover 700 can be disposed over attachment 800. In an embodiment, electronic display 500 can be disposed over back cover 700. In an embodiment, architected material 400 can be disposed over electronic display 500. In an embodiment, architected material 400 can be disposed between back cover 700 and electronic display 500.

[0056] In an embodiment, attachment 800 may be disposed on architected material 400. Thus, in an embodiment, architected material 400 may be disposed between attachment 800 and vehicle base 20.

[0057] FIG. 4 illustrates multiple energy-absorbing unit cells for an architected material 400 according to an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4 , the architected material 400 can include one or more columns 430, each including multiple energy-absorbing unit cells 450. For example, the architected material 400 can include three columns 430, each having multiple energy-absorbing unit cells 450. In other words, the architected material 400 can include multiple energy-absorbing unit cells 450 that can be arranged in multiple rows 430. The architected material 400 can be a three-dimensional lattice structure including multiple energy-absorbing unit cells 450. The geometry of the architected material 400 can be designed such that energy absorption supports the display module 100 during an impact. Thus, the unit cells 450 can be referred to as energy-absorbing unit cells.

[0058] In embodiments, architected material 400 disposed below glass substrate 200 may be disposed between glass substrate 200 and electronic display 500. Referring to FIG. 2 , in embodiments, architected material 400 may comprise a peripheral frame 401 and one or more openings 440 formed in peripheral frame 401. In such embodiments, electronic display 500 may be viewable from the top of display module 100 through openings 440 in architected material 400 disposed between glass substrate 200 and electronic display 500.

[0059] In embodiments, the architected material 400 can have a thickness 402 that is greater than the thickness 202 of the glass substrate 200. The glass substrate 200 can have any suitable thickness 202. For example, the glass substrate 200 can have a thickness 202 that is about 1.5 mm (millimeters) or less. For example, the thickness 202 can be about 0.01 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.02 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.03 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.04 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.05 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.06 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.07 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.08 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.09 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.1 mm to about 1.5 mm, or about 0.15 mm to about 1.5 mm. Approximately 1.5mm, approximately 0.2mm to approximately 1.5mm, approximately 0.25mm to approximately 1.5mm, approximately 0.3mm to approximately 1.5mm, approximately 0.35mm to approximately 1.5mm, approximately 0.4mm to approximately 1.5mm, approximately 0.45mm to about 1.5mm, about 0.5mm to about 1.5mm, about 0.55mm to about 1.5mm, about 0.6mm to about 1.5mm, about 0.65mm to about 1.5mm, about 0.7mm to about 1.5mm, approximately 0.01mm to approximately 1.4mm, approximately 0.01mm to approximately 1.3mm, approximately 0.01mm to approximately 1.2mm, approximately 0.01mm to approximately 1.1mm, approximately 0.01mm to approximately 1.05mm, approximately 0.01mm to approximately 1mm, approximately 0.01mm to approximately 0.95mm, approximately 0.01mm to approximately 0.9mm, approximately 0.01mm to approximately 0.85mm, approximately 0.01mm to approximately 0.8mm, approximately 0. The thickness may be in the range of about 0.01 mm to about 0.75 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.7 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.65 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.6 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.55 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.5 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.4 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.3 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.2 mm, or about 0.01 mm to about 0.1 mm.

[0060] Architected material 400 can have any suitable thickness 402. For example, architected material 400 can have a thickness of about 0.5 mm to about 40 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 39.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 39 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 38.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 38 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 37.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 37 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 36.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 36 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 35.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 35 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 34.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 34 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 33.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 33 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 35 ...5.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 35 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 34.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 34 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 33.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 33 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 35 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 35.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 35 mm, about 0.5 mm Approximately 32.5mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 32mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 31.5mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 31mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 30.5mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 30mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 29.5mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 29mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 28.5mm , about 0.5mm to about 28mm, about 0.5mm to about 27.5mm, about 0.5mm to about 27mm, about 0.5mm to about 26.5mm, about 0.5mm to about 26mm, about 0.5mm to about 25.5mm, about 0.5mm to about 25mm, about 0.5mm to about 24.5mm, about 0.5mm to about Approximately 24mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 23.5mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 23mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 22.5mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 22mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 21.5mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 21mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 20.5mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 20mm, approximately 0.5mm to about 19.5mm, about 0.5mm to about 19mm, about 0.5mm to about 18.5mm, about 0.5mm to about 18mm, about 0.5mm to about 17.5mm, about 0.5mm to about 17mm, about 0.5mm to about 16.5mm, about 0.5mm to about 16mm, about 0.5mm to about 1 5.5mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 15mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 14.5mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 14mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 13.5mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 13mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 12.5mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 12mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 11.5mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 11mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 10.5mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 10mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 9.5mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 9mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 8.5mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 8mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 7.5mm, approximately 0.5mm to approximately 7mm, approximately 0.The thickness 402 can be in the range of 5 mm to about 6.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 6 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 5.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 4.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 4 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 3.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 3 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 2.5 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm.

[0061] FIG. 5 illustrates an energy-absorbing unit cell 450 of an architected material 400, according to an embodiment. The energy-absorbing unit cell 450 can include a top edge 452, a top wall 454, a first side wall 456, a second side wall 462, and a bottom wall 468. The top edge 452 can include a top wall 454, a first side wall 456, and a second side wall 462. The first side wall 456 can include a first curved portion 458 and a first flat portion 460. The second side wall 462 can include a second curved portion 464 and a second flat portion 466. The bottom wall 468 can include a first side 467, a second side 469, and a bottom side 465. The top wall 454 can extend from the first curved portion 458 to the second curved portion 464. Lower wall 468 can extend from first flat portion 460 to second flat portion 466. In an aspect, first curved portion 458 and second curved portion 464 can each comprise an S-shape defined by first curved segment 461 and second curved segment 463 connected at inflection point 459.

[0062] In embodiments, architected material 400 and components of architected material 400 may be made from PC ABS or polymer foam.In some embodiments, the architected material 400 and components of the architected material 400 are described below in Che, K., Yuan, C., Qi, HJ, & Meaud, J. (2018). Viscoelastic multistable architected materials with temperature-dependent snapping sequence. Soft Matter, 14(13), 2492-2499.; Che, K., Yuan, C., Wu, J., Jerry Qi, H., & Meaud, J. (2016). Three-Dimensional-Printed Multistable Mechanical Metamaterials With a Deterministic Deformation Sequence. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 84(1); Patel, PS, Shepherd, DE, & Hukins, DW (2008). Compressive properties of commercially available polyurethane foams as mechanical models for osteoporotic human cancellous bone. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 9(1); Restrepo, D., Mankame, ND, & Zavattieri, PD(2015). Phase transforming cellular materials. Extreme Mechanics Letters, 4, 52-60, or Shan, S., Kang, SH, Raney, JR, Wang, P., Fang, L., Candido, F., Lewis, JA, & Bertoldi, K.(2015). Multistable Architected Materials for Trapping Elastic Strain Energy. Advanced Materials, 27(29), 4296-4301, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

[0063] In an embodiment, the thickness of first curved portion 458 and second curved portion 464 is given by t. In an embodiment, t can be in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, including subranges. For example, in embodiments, t can be in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 9.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 9 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 8.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 8 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 7.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 7 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 6.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 6 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 5.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 4.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 4 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 3.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 3 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 2.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm.

[0064] In an embodiment, the height of first curved portion 458 and second curved portion 464 is given by h. In an embodiment, h can range from about 0.5 mm to about 40 mm, including subranges. For example, in embodiments, h is from about 0.5 mm to about 39 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 38 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 37 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 36 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 35 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 34 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 33 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 32 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 31 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 30 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 29 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 28 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 27 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 26 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 25 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 24 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 23 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 22 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 21 mm, or from about The size may be in the range of 0.5 mm to about 20 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 19 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 18 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 17 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 16 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 15 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 14 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 13 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 12 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 11 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 9 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 8 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 7 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 6 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 4 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 3 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm.

[0065] In an embodiment, the length of first curved portion 458 and second curved portion 464 is given by 1 / 2. In an embodiment, 1 / 2 can be in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 40 mm, including sub-ranges. For example, in an embodiment, 1 / 2 is about 0.5 mm to about 39 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 38 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 37 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 36 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 35 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 34 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 33 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 32 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 31 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 30 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 29 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 28 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 27 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 26 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 25 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 24 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 23 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 22 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 21 mm, The size may be in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 20 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 19 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 18 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 17 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 16 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 15 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 14 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 13 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 12 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 11 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 9 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 8 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 7 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 6 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 4 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 3 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm.

[0066] In an embodiment, the width of first side 467 and second side 469 of bottom wall portion 468 is given by w. In an embodiment, the width of top wall portion 454 is given by W. In an embodiment, W can be equal to 2w. In an embodiment, w can be in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 40 mm, including sub-ranges. For example, in embodiments, w is from about 0.5 mm to about 39 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 38 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 37 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 36 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 35 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 34 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 33 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 32 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 31 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 30 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 29 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 28 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 27 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 26 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 25 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 24 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 23 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 22 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 21 mm, or from about The size may be in the range of 0.5 mm to about 20 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 19 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 18 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 17 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 16 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 15 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 14 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 13 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 12 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 11 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 9 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 8 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 7 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 6 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 4 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 3 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm.

[0067] In embodiments, the height of underside 465 of bottom wall portion 468 is given by T. In embodiments, T can be in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 50 mm, including subranges. For example, in embodiments, T can be in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 45 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 40 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 35 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 30 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 25 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 20 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 15 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm.

[0068] In an embodiment, the height of upper wall portion 454, first side 467 of lower wall portion 468, and second side 469 of lower wall portion 468 is given by H. In an embodiment, H can be in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 40 mm, including subranges. For example, in an embodiment, H is from about 0.5 mm to about 39 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 38 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 37 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 36 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 35 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 34 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 33 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 32 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 31 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 30 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 29 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 28 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 27 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 26 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 25 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 24 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 23 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 22 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 21 mm, or from about The size may be in the range of 0.5 mm to about 20 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 19 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 18 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 17 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 16 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 15 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 14 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 13 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 12 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 11 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 9 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 8 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 7 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 6 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 4 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 3 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm.

[0069] In embodiments, the value of w can be greater than the value of t. In embodiments, the value of w can be equal to the value of t. In embodiments, the value of w can be less than the value of t. In embodiments, the value of w can be greater than the value of T. In embodiments, the value of w can be equal to the value of T. In embodiments, the value of w can be less than the value of T.

[0070] In embodiments, l / h may be equal to about 30. In embodiments, h / t may be equal to about 10. In embodiments, w may be equal to about 15t. In embodiments, H may be equal to about 15t. In embodiments, T may be equal to about 30t.

[0071] 6 shows a force versus normalized displacement curve for an energy-absorbing unit cell 450, according to an embodiment. The force versus normalized displacement curve illustrates the mechanical behavior of the energy-absorbing unit cell 450, and thus the architected material 400 comprising the energy-absorbing unit cell 450, under compressive load. The force versus displacement curve as shown in FIG. 6 shows the displacement of the top surface 451 of the top edge 452 of the energy-absorbing unit cell 450, according to an embodiment. As discussed herein, the force versus normalized displacement curve is a curve derived from a FEA (finite element analysis) simulation applied to the modeled energy-absorbing unit cell 450.

[0072] The energy-absorbing unit cell 450 can have a variable compressive stiffness defined by the slope of a force versus normalized displacement curve about the top surface 451 of the top edge 452 of the energy-absorbing unit cell 450. The variable compressive stiffness of the energy-absorbing unit cell 450 can have a first positive slope region across a first range of normalized displacement, a negative slope region across a second range of normalized displacement, and a second positive slope region across a third range of normalized displacement. A force versus normalized displacement curve such as that shown in FIG. 6 can illustrate the behavior of the energy-absorbing unit cell 450 under compressive load. The negative slope region is the non-zero slope between the positive slope regions. The difference in stiffness can create a spring-like effect for the energy-absorbing unit cell 450, thereby reducing headform deceleration and principal stresses experienced by the glass substrate 200 of the display module 100 during impact. In embodiments, the energy-absorbing unit cell 450 can be bistable due to the force values ​​moving below zero. In embodiments, the bistable energy-absorbing unit cell 450 can then change configuration between the deformed state and the initial state. In other embodiments, the force can remain above zero, such that the energy-absorbing unit cell 450 can be monostable.

[0073] In embodiments, an energy-absorbing unit cell 450 that is bistable can absorb more energy than an energy-absorbing unit cell 450 that is monostable. In embodiments, an architected material 400 with more columns 430 can absorb more energy than an architected material 400 with fewer columns 430.

[0074] In embodiments, the variable compressive stiffness can transition from a first positive slope region to a negative slope region at a first critical force value. In embodiments, the first critical force value can be between 4 Newtons and 10 Newtons. In embodiments, the variable compressive stiffness can transition from a negative slope region to a second positive slope region at a second critical force value. In embodiments, the first critical force value can be between -1 Newtons and 4 Newtons. The critical force value can be a function of the size of the architected material 400 (e.g., the number of columns 430 and / or energy absorption unit cells 450). For example, in embodiments, the first critical force value can be, e.g., several hundred Newtons or more, 100 Newtons or more, 200 Newtons or more, 300 Newtons or more, 400 Newtons or more, or 500 Newtons or more.

[0075] In an embodiment, the dimensionless parameter P of the energy absorption unit cell 450 is given by l / t. In an embodiment, the dimensionless parameter Q is given by h / t. The value of P can affect the peak force (e.g., critical force) and stiffness of the force vs. normalized displacement curve of the energy absorption unit cell 450. The value of Q can be manipulated to achieve a negative slope region of the force vs. displacement curve and can determine whether the energy absorption unit cell 450 is monostable or bistable. In an embodiment, the value of Q can be 2 or greater. In an embodiment, the value of Q can be 2.5 or greater. In an embodiment, Q can be 15 or less. In an embodiment, Q can be 10 or less. Generally, as the value of P increases, the stiffness of the energy absorption unit cell 450 can increase. In an embodiment, the value of P can be from about 13 to about 16.

[0076] In embodiments, the force versus normalized displacement curve does not include force values ​​below zero. In such embodiments, energy absorption unit cell 450 can be considered a monostable unit cell. In embodiments, the force versus normalized displacement curve includes force values ​​below zero. In such embodiments, energy absorption unit cell 450 can be considered a bistable unit cell. [Example]

[0077] Aspects are further clarified by the following examples. It should be understood that these examples do not limit the above-described aspects. To demonstrate the dynamic response of a display module comprising an architected material as described herein, the architected material was molded to be placed under the glass substrate or attachment of a modeled display module. FEA (finite element analysis) simulations were used to model the HIT performance of the modeled display module and compare the architected material to a non-architected material.

[0078] 7A shows a modeled display module 1000 for FEA simulation, using a glass substrate 2, an adhesive layer 3, a back cover 4, a frame 5, and an attachment 7. A modeled compressive force was applied to the modeled display module 1000 with a head form 1. The frame 5 was modeled as being made of solid PC ABS with the mechanical properties shown in Table 1, and as being made from a foam with the mechanical properties shown in Table 1.

[0079] 7B shows a modeled display module 1050 for FEA simulation using a glass substrate 2, adhesive layer 3, back cover 4, architected material 8, and attachment 7. Modeled display module 1050 was the same as modeled display module 1000, except that frame 5 was replaced with architected material 8. The modeled architected material was modeled as a material comprising multiple rows of energy-absorbing unit cells 450 composed of PC ABS having the mechanical properties shown in Table 1, and as a foam having the mechanical properties shown in Table 1. A modeled compressive force was applied to modeled display module 1050 having head form 1.

[0080] 8A-8B show a comparison of modeled HIT performance between a modeled display module 1000 having a PC ABS frame 5 and a modeled display module 1050 having an architected material 8 composed of PC ABS. FIG. 8A shows head form deceleration versus time. The results demonstrate that the maximum head form deceleration at 3 ms (milliseconds) for the modeled display module 1050 was reduced by 24.3% compared to the modeled display module 1000 having PC ABS. In addition, the maximum head form deceleration for the modeled display module 1050 was reduced by 27.7% compared to the modeled display module 1000 having PC ABS. FIG. 8B shows the maximum principal stress in the glass substrate 2 versus time for the modeled display module 1000 having a PC ABS frame 5 and the modeled display module 1050 having an architected material 8 composed of PC ABS. The results demonstrate that for the modeled display module 1050, the maximum principal stress was reduced by 7.1% compared to the modeled display module 1000.

[0081] 9A-9B show a comparison of modeled HIT performance between a modeled display module 1000 having a foam frame 5 and a modeled display module 1050 having an architected material 8 composed of foam. FIG. 9A shows head form deceleration versus time. The results demonstrate that for the modeled display module 1050, the maximum head form deceleration at 3 ms was reduced by 14.3% compared to the modeled display module 1000 with foam. Additionally, for the modeled display module 1050, the maximum head form deceleration was reduced by 15.5% compared to the modeled display module 1000 with foam. FIG. 9B shows the maximum principal stress in the glass substrate 2 versus time for the modeled display module 1000 having a foam frame 5 and the modeled display module 1050 with an architected material 8 composed of foam. The results demonstrate that for the modeled display module 1050, the maximum principal stress was reduced by 36.5% compared to the modeled display module 1000.

[0082] 10A shows a modeled display module 1100 for FEA simulation using a glass substrate 2, an adhesive layer 3, a back cover 4, a frame 5, and an attachment 7. A modeled compressive force was applied to the modeled display module 1100 with a head form 1. The frame 5 was modeled as being made of solid PC ABS with the mechanical properties shown in Table 2, and as being made from a foam with the mechanical properties shown in Table 2.

[0083] 10B shows a modeled display module 1150 for FEA simulation using a glass substrate 2, adhesive layer 3, back cover 4, architected material 8, and attachment 7. Modeled display module 1150 was the same as modeled display module 1100, except that frame 5 was replaced with architected material 8. The modeled architected material was modeled as a material comprising multiple rows of energy-absorbing unit cells 450 composed of PC ABS having the mechanical properties shown in Table 2, and as a foam having the mechanical properties shown in Table 2. A modeled compressive force was applied to modeled display module 1150 with head form 2.

[0084] 11A-11B show a comparison of modeled HIT performance between a modeled display module 1100 having a PC ABS frame 5 and a modeled display module 1150 having an architected material 8 composed of PC ABS. FIG. 11A shows headform deceleration versus time. The results demonstrate that the maximum headform deceleration at 3 ms for the modeled display module 1150 was reduced by 18.1% compared to the modeled display module 1100 having PC ABS. In addition, the maximum headform deceleration was reduced by 13.7% from the modeled display module 1100 to the modeled display module 1150 having PC ABS. FIG. 11B shows the maximum principal stress in the glass substrate 2 versus time for the modeled display module 1100 having a PC ABS frame 5 and the modeled display module 1150 having an architected material 8 composed of PC ABS. The results demonstrate that for the modeled display module 1150, the maximum principal stress was reduced by 1.4% compared to the modeled display module 1100.

[0085] 12A-12B show a comparison of modeled HIT performance between a modeled display module 1100 having a foam frame 5 and a modeled display module 1150 having an architected material 8 composed of foam. FIG. 12A shows head form deceleration versus time. The results demonstrate that for the modeled display module 1150, the maximum head form deceleration at 3 ms was reduced by 39.8% compared to the modeled display module 1100 with foam. Additionally, the maximum head form deceleration was reduced by 6.4% from the modeled display module 1100 to the modeled display module 1150 with foam. FIG. 12B shows the maximum principal stress in the glass substrate 2 versus time for the modeled display module 1100 with a foam frame 5 and the modeled display module 1150 with an architected material 8 composed of foam. The results demonstrate that for the modeled display module 1150, the maximum principal stress was reduced by 1.5% compared to the modeled display module 1100.

[0086] The dimensions and basic mechanical properties of each component of the modeled display modules in FIGS. 7A-7B and 10A-10B are given in Tables 1 and 2 below, respectively. [Table 1] [Table 2]

[0087] A comparison of modeled HIT performance between modeled display modules 1000 and 1100 having a PC ABS frame 5 or a foam frame 5 and modeled display modules 1050 and 1150 having an architected material 8 shows that the architected materials described herein effectively reduce headform deceleration compared to solid frames made of the same materials. Thus, the results demonstrate that the architected materials described herein can be used to improve HIT performance and achieve improved HIT regulatory compliance. Additionally, the architected materials described herein can effectively dissipate energy and reduce cover glass stress, which can reduce or prevent breakage of OEM glass substrates. The engineered geometries of the architected materials described herein can achieve improved HIT and breakage performance, and performance is not solely determined by the material properties of the architected materials.

[0088] While various embodiments have been described herein, they are presented by way of example, not limitation. It should be apparent that adaptations and modifications are intended to be within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments, based on the teaching and guidance presented herein. Accordingly, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail can be made in the embodiments disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. The elements of the embodiments presented herein are not necessarily mutually exclusive and may be interchanged to meet various circumstances, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0089] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in detail herein with reference to the aspects thereof as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, where like reference numerals are used to indicate identical or functionally similar elements. Reference to "an aspect" or "one aspect" indicates that the described aspect may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but not all aspects necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same aspect. Furthermore, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an aspect, it is understood that it is within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other aspects, whether or not explicitly stated.

[0090] The examples are intended to illustrate, but not limit, the present disclosure. Other suitable modifications and adaptations of the variety of conditions and parameters normally encountered in the art and which would be obvious to those skilled in the art are within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

[0091] The indefinite articles "a" and "an" used to describe elements or components mean that there are one or more of those elements or components. Although these articles are conventionally used to indicate that the modified noun is a singular noun, as used herein, the articles "a" and "an" also include the plural, unless otherwise stated in a specific instance. Similarly, as used herein, the definite article "the" also indicates that the modified noun may be singular or plural, unless otherwise stated in a specific instance.

[0092] Directional terms used herein (e.g., up, down, right, left, front, back, top, bottom, inward, outward) are merely for reference as drawn and are not intended to imply absolute orientation.

[0093] When used in the claims, "comprising" is an open-ended transitional phrase. A list of elements following the transitional phrase "comprising" is a non-exclusive list, such that elements other than those specifically recited in the list may also be present. When used in the claims, "consisting essentially of" or "consisting essentially of" limits the composition of a material to the specified materials and materials that do not materially affect the basic and novel property(ies) of the material. When used in the claims, "consisting entirely of" limits the composition of a material to the specified materials and excludes any materials not specified.

[0094] When a range of numerical values, including upper and lower limits, is recited herein, unless otherwise expressly stated in specific circumstances, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof, and all integers and fractions within the range. It is not intended that the scope of the claims be limited to the specific values ​​recited when defining the range. Furthermore, when an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is given as a range, one or more preferred ranges, or a list of an upper preferred value and a lower preferred value, this should be understood to specifically disclose all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range or preferred value and any lower range or preferred value, regardless of whether such pairs are separately disclosed. Finally, when the term "about" is used in describing a value or endpoint of a range, it should be understood that the disclosure includes the specific value or endpoint referenced. Regardless of whether the value or endpoint of a range is recited as "about," it is intended that the value or endpoint of the range include two aspects: those modified by "about" and those not modified by "about."

[0095] As used herein, the term "about" refers to a value that is within ±5% of the stated value. For example, about 3 MPa can include any number between 2.85 MPa and 3.15 MPa.

[0096] It is to be understood that the terms or phrases used herein are for purposes of description, and not of limitation. The breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A vehicle interior system, comprising: Vehicle interior base and A display module disposed on the vehicle interior base, the display module comprising: a glass substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; an electronic display attached to the first surface of the glass substrate; an architected material comprising an energy absorbing unit cell; and a display module comprising: the energy absorption unit cell comprises a variable compressive stiffness defined by a slope of a force versus normalized displacement curve about a top surface of a top edge of the energy absorption unit cell, the variable compressive stiffness comprising a first positive slope region over a first range of normalized displacement, a negative slope region over a second range of normalized displacement, and a second positive slope region over a third range of normalized displacement.

2. The vehicle interior system of claim 1 , wherein the first surface of the glass substrate comprises a curved surface.

3. The vehicle interior system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the architected material is disposed between the first surface of the glass substrate and the vehicle interior base.

4. The vehicle interior system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the architected material is attached to the first surface of the glass substrate.

5. 5. The vehicle interior system of claim 1, further comprising an attachment that couples the display module to the vehicle interior base, the architected material being disposed between the attachment and the vehicle interior base.

6. The vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the architected material is attached to the vehicle interior base.

7. The vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the architected material comprises a plurality of the energy absorbing unit cells arranged in a plurality of rows.

8. The vehicle interior system of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the display is viewable through an opening formed in the architected material.

9. The vehicle interior system of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the architected material has a thickness greater than a thickness of the glass substrate.

10. The energy absorption unit cell is a first sidewall portion having a first curved portion and a first flat portion; a second sidewall portion comprising a second curved portion and a second flat portion; the thickness of the first curved portion and the thickness of the second curved portion are given by t; the height of the first curved portion and the height of the second curved portion are given by h; the length of the first curved portion and the length of the second curved portion are given by 1 / 2; The dimensionless parameter P is given by l / t, Vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the dimensionless parameter Q is given by h / t.

11. 11. The vehicle interior system of claim 10, wherein the first curved portion and the second curved portion each comprise an S-shape defined by a first curved segment and a second curved segment connected at an inflection point.

12. 12. The vehicle interior system according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the value of Q is 2 or greater.

13. The vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the value of P is 13 to 16.

14. The energy absorption unit cell is an upper wall extending from the first curved portion to the second curved portion; The vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 10 to 13, further comprising: a lower wall portion extending from the first flat portion to the second flat portion.

15. the width of the upper wall is given by W; the width of the first and second sides of the bottom wall is given by w; the height of the lower side of the lower wall is given by T; The value of w is greater than the value of t, 15. The vehicle interior system of claim 14, wherein the value of w is less than the value of T.

16. 16. The vehicle interior system of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the force versus normalized displacement curve does not include any force values ​​below zero.

17. 16. The vehicle interior system of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the force versus normalized displacement curve includes force values ​​below zero.

18. 18. The vehicle interior system of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the variable compression stiffness transitions from the first positive slope region to the negative slope region at a first critical force value.

19. 19. The vehicle interior system of any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the variable compression stiffness transitions from the negative slope region to the second positive slope region at a second critical force value.

20. 20. The vehicle interior system of any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the vehicle interior base comprises at least one of a vehicle dashboard component, a vehicle center console component, a vehicle instrument panel component, a vehicle steering wheel component, a vehicle seat rear component, a vehicle seat front component, or a vehicle door panel component.

21. A vehicle interior system, comprising: Vehicle interior base and a glass substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; an architected material disposed between the vehicle interior base and the glass substrate, the architected material comprising an energy absorption unit cell; the energy absorption unit cell comprises a variable compressive stiffness defined by a slope of a force versus normalized displacement curve about a top surface of a top edge of the energy absorption unit cell, the variable compressive stiffness comprising a first positive slope region over a first range of normalized displacement, a negative slope region over a second range of normalized displacement, and a second positive slope region over a third range of normalized displacement.

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