Mushroom cultivation media, mushroom cultivation methods

Abstract

This provides novel techniques for mushroom cultivation. [Solution] A growing medium for mushroom cultivation containing grain extract residue.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the cultivation of mushrooms.

Background Art

[0002] For example, a large number of mushrooms are cultivated for food. Also, not limited to food, there are known mushrooms such as shiitake that are used as raw materials for traditional Chinese medicines, health supplements, and supplements. There are various methods for cultivating mushrooms, and newly, for example, the method described in Patent Document 1 has been proposed.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] One object of the present invention is to provide a novel technique for cultivating mushrooms.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] The inventor conceived of cultivating mushrooms using a novel culture medium for mushrooms. As a result of intensive research, the inventor found that mushrooms can be cultivated in bed cultivation using a culture medium containing grain extraction residues.

[0006] The gist of the present invention is as follows. [1] A culture medium for cultivating mushrooms, containing grain extraction residues. [2] The culture medium according to [1], containing a mixture of adlay extraction residues and barley extraction residues as the grain extraction residues. [3] The culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the grain extraction residue includes adlay extract residue, or adlay extract residue and barley extract residue, and the mixed weight ratio of adlay:barley before extraction is 2:8 to 10:0. [4] The culture medium according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the mushroom is Pleurotus ostreatus, Hericium erinaceus, or Pleurotus ostreatus. [5] A method for cultivating mushrooms, comprising cultivating mushrooms using the culture medium described in [1] or [2]. [6] A method for cultivating mushrooms, comprising cultivating mushrooms using the culture medium described in [3]. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to the present invention, a novel technology for cultivating mushrooms can be provided. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0008] [Figure 1] This figure shows an overview of the polypropylene container used in the example. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0009] One embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below. This embodiment relates to mushroom cultivation, specifically cultivating mushrooms in a culture medium containing grain extract residue. In this embodiment, mushroom mycelium (spawn) is inoculated into a culture medium containing grain extract residue and culture is performed.

[0010] In this embodiment, the mushrooms to be cultivated are not particularly limited, but examples include Pleurotus ostreatus, Lion's Mane, Pleurotus ostreatus, Entoloma rhodopolium, Pholiota nameko, Auricularia polytrichum, Lyophyllum decastes, Maitake mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus himalana, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Helianthus erythrosora. Of these, preferred examples include Pleurotus ostreatus, Lion's Mane, and Pleurotus ostreatus. Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus and Pleurotus ostreatus are mushrooms belonging to the family Pleurotaceae, while Hericium erinaceus is a mushroom belonging to the family Helicaceae.

[0011] In this specification, grain extraction residue means the residue generated after the edible parts of grains, such as seeds, have been subjected to extraction with water or the like. Grains can include those from the grass family and legume family. Examples of grass grains include rice, wheat, corn, barley, rye, oats, millet, foxtail millet, adlay, and sorghum. Examples of legume grains include soybeans, peas, lentils, chickpeas, kidney beans, broad beans, adzuki beans, and mung beans. In this embodiment, for example, the culture medium may include one or more of these grain extract residues, and of these, it is preferable that the culture medium of this embodiment includes adlay (Coix lachrymal-jobivar. ma-yuen Stapf.) extract residue, or a mixture of adlay extract residue and barley (Hordeum vulgare) extract residue. Furthermore, when the culture medium according to this embodiment contains adlay extract residue, or a mixture of adlay extract residue and barley extract residue, a mixed weight ratio of adlay:barley before extraction of 2:8 to 10:0 is preferable to create an environment more suitable for mushroom growth, more preferably 3:7 to 10:0, even more preferably 4:6 to 10:0, and even more preferably 5:5 to 10:0. In this embodiment, there are no restrictions on the origin or variety of grains, and they are not particularly limited.

[0012] Furthermore, the extraction method from grains, the extraction solvent, etc., are not particularly limited. The cereal extraction residue according to this embodiment can be used as it is in the wet state immediately after extraction, or can also be used after being dried. When it is dried, the drying method is not particularly limited, and examples include forced drying using a hot air convection dryer and natural drying under the sun.

[0013] The cereal extraction residue acts, for example, as a culture medium substrate in the culture medium. In this embodiment, the content ratio of the cereal extraction residue in the culture medium is not particularly limited and can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art. On the other hand, when the culture medium of this embodiment contains barley extraction residue as the cereal extraction residue, when the culture medium is filled to the Azone Corporation-made: I-Boy wide-mouth bottle with a capacity of 250 ml used in the examples in an open state without sealing and subjected to high-temperature and high-pressure steam treatment (autoclave treatment) at 121°C for 20 minutes, the ratio (boiling-over rate) at which the culture medium spills out of the container due to boiling-over is preferably 20% or less. When the boiling-over rate is 20% or less, the air permeability is further enhanced, resulting in a better environment for the growth of mushrooms.

[0014] The culture medium according to this embodiment may contain other components within the range that can achieve the object of the present invention in addition to the cereal extraction residue, and is not particularly limited. Examples of other components include, for example, water, components acting as culture medium substrates, nutrient agents, and the like. Examples of components acting as culture medium substrates include corn cob meal, sawdust, wood chips, chips, chip dust, and the like. Examples of nutrient agents include corn bran, corn cob, rice bran, sugar, bran, beer lees, dried brewer's yeast, tofu residue, peanut residue, rapeseed residue, cottonseed residue, potato protein, corn gluten feed, soybean meal, soybean cake, protein, minerals, vitamins, and the like.

[0015] The culture medium of this embodiment can be prepared by mixing the cereal extraction residue and other components contained as needed. The pH, moisture content, etc. of the culture medium are not particularly limited. For example, it can be set to a pH of 4.0 to 7.0 and a moisture content of about 4

[0016] The cultivation of mushrooms in this embodiment can be carried out by cultivating mushrooms using the medium of this embodiment. The cultivation conditions may be the known conditions used in the sawdust cultivation of mushrooms and are not particularly limited. For example, after performing a sterilization treatment (for example, high-temperature and high-pressure steam treatment at 121°C for 60 minutes in the medium), inoculate the mushroom spawn into the medium. Thereafter, culture the mycelium in the dark at 15 to 25°C and a humidity of 50 to 100% for about 0.5 to 1.5 months, and then cultivate at 15 to 25°C and a humidity of 50 to 100% for about 0.5 to 1.5 months from those in which mushrooms (fruiting bodies) are formed in the light. Also, in the stage of culturing the mycelium, treatments such as temperature reduction and removal of bacteria may be performed to promote the formation of fruiting bodies.

[0017] As described above, according to this embodiment, a novel technique for mushroom cultivation can be provided.

Example

[0018] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0019] [Preparation of Medium Containing Grain Extraction Residue] Using coix seed extraction residue and barley extraction residue as the grain extraction residue, the medium of Example 1 was prepared. Specifically, 800 g of a mixture of coix seed and barley was added to 8000 g of hot water at 95°C. After sufficient water supply for 20 minutes, extraction was performed. After extraction, filtration was performed using a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture of coix seed extraction residue and barley extraction residue. The weight after filtration of the mixture was measured, and the moisture content was calculated using the following formula. Moisture content = (weight after filtration (g) - amount of coix seed and barley (g)) / weight after filtration (g) × 100 (%) Thereafter, water was added so that the moisture content became 60% to obtain the medium of Example 1.

[0020] [Test 1: Cultivation of Mushrooms] The culture medium from Example 1 was placed in a polypropylene container (AS ONE iBoy wide-mouth bottle (250 ml)) and sterilized by high-temperature, high-pressure steam treatment at 121°C for 60 minutes.

[0021] The polypropylene containers used are as follows, and a schematic diagram is shown in Figure 1. AS ONE I-Boy Wide-Mouth Bottle (AS ONE Part Number 5-002-03) Capacity 250mL Inner diameter x Body diameter x Height (mm) 32 x 62 x 130 Dimension A (mm) 130 Dimension F (mm) 50 Dimension D (mm) 62 Dimension E (mm) 32 Dimension B (mm) 22 Dimension C (mm) 106 Detailed specifications for AS ONE product number 5-002-03 can be found on the following website. https: / / www.monotaro.com / p / 3314 / 2392 / ?cq_plt=bp&cq_net=o&utm_source=bing&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=180698424_424835292&utm_content=1353500415386533&utm_term=b_84594147979435_dat-2336393490182574:loc-96&msclkid=72a16e323e721e77ec4b08e4be6c58d7

[0022] After sterilization, the mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus, Lion's Mane, and Pleurotus ostreatus shown in Table 1 were inoculated into the culture medium of Example 1, and cultivation was carried out under conditions of 23°C. The humidity conditions were 85-95% for *Pleurotus ostreatus*, 80-90% for *Lyophyllum yamabushi*, and 70-90% for *Pleurotus ostreatus*. 30 to 60 days after the start of cultivation, we determined whether or not normal fruiting bodies were obtained. In Table 1, ○ indicates that normal fruiting bodies were obtained, and × indicates that the fruiting bodies were malformed or had poor growth.

[0023] [Table 1]

[0024] As can be seen from Table 1, when Pleurotus ostreatus, Lion's Mane, and Pleurotus ostreatus were cultivated using the culture medium of Example 1, normal fruiting bodies were obtained. Furthermore, when cultivation of these mushrooms was continued, Lion's Mane mushrooms were obtained in the yields shown in Table 2. Note that the peak number of days refers to the number of days from the start of cultivation to the day when the daily yield was highest.

[0025] [Table 2]

[0026] [Test 2: Bumping Rate] Job's tears extract residue, barley extract residue, and a mixture of Job's tears extract residue and barley extract residue were used as culture media. The culture medium, a mixture of adlay extract residue and barley extract residue, was prepared by mixing adlay and barley before extraction in the adlay:barley weight ratio shown in Table 3 below (the mixing ratio is shown in Table 3), and preparing the culture medium from 800g of this mixture using the same procedure as for the culture medium in Example 1. The culture medium for Example 2 was prepared from 800g of adlay, and the culture medium for Example 7 was prepared from 800g of barley using the same procedure. Each culture medium was filled to the brim into the AS ONE iBoy wide-mouth bottles (250 ml, manufactured by AS ONE Corporation) used in Test 1, and their weight was measured. After that, the bottles were subjected to high-temperature, high-pressure steam treatment at 121°C for 20 minutes in an autoclave, and the weight of the containers filled with the culture medium was measured again. Based on the following formula, the percentage of tea leaves that have come out of the PP bottle, which serves as an indicator of bumping, was calculated and defined as the bumping rate. Bumping rate = Weight before sterilization (g) - Weight after sterilization (g) / Weight before sterilization (g) x 100 (%)

[0027] [Table 3]

[0028] In Examples 2-6, compared to Example 7, sufficient culture medium remained in the container after high-temperature, high-pressure steam treatment, indicating a more suitable condition for mushroom cultivation. In particular, in Examples 2-5, where the bumping rate was 20% or less, the culture medium did not become viscous after high-temperature, high-pressure steam treatment, and maintained a certain amount of voids, resulting in good aeration, compared to Examples 6 and 7.

Claims

1. A growing medium for mushrooms, containing grain extract residue.

2. The culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the grain extraction residue comprises a mixture of adlay extract residue and barley extract residue.

3. The culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the grain extraction residue comprises adlay extract residue, or a mixture of adlay extract residue and barley extract residue, and the weight ratio of adlay to barley before extraction is 2:8 to 10:

0.

4. The culture medium according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the mushroom is Pleurotus ostreatus, Lion's Mane, or Pleurotus ostreatus.

5. A method for cultivating mushrooms, comprising cultivating mushrooms using the culture medium described in claim 1 or 2.

6. A method for cultivating mushrooms, comprising cultivating mushrooms using the culture medium described in claim 3.

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