Incinerator, sludge incineration method and incineration system

Abstract

To provide an incinerator, a sludge incineration method and an incineration system capable of simultaneously solving problems of conventional fluidized bed type incinerators and fixed bed type incinerators.SOLUTION: An incinerator includes: a drying chamber for drying sludge; a thermal decomposition chamber for further drying and thermally decomposing the sludge dried in the drying chamber; a combustion chamber for burning the sludge thermally decomposed in the thermal decomposition chamber; a post-combustion chamber provided above the drying chamber or the thermal decomposition chamber to burn a gas generated accompanying the thermal decomposition of the sludge in the thermal decomposition chamber and a gas generated accompanying combustion of the sludge in the combustion chamber; and a dam part projecting upwardly between the thermal decomposition chamber and the combustion chamber. The thermal decomposition chamber includes a plurality of pipes jetting out air into the thermal decomposition chamber at a position lower than an upper end of the dam part. Each of the pipes can adjust a jetting out amount of air into the thermal decomposition chamber. By using the air jetted out from at least one of the plurality of pipes, the sludge thermally decomposed in the thermal decomposition chamber is transferred to the combustion chamber over the dam part.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an incinerator, a sludge incineration method, and an incineration system. [Background technology]

[0002] In general, various incinerators have been proposed for incinerating materials such as sewage sludge (hereinafter, simply referred to as sludge). Examples of such incinerators include fluidized bed incinerators that incinerate sludge by contacting it with a high-temperature fluidized medium (e.g., fluidized sand) and fixed bed incinerators that incinerate sludge on a fire grate (stoker).

[0003] Furthermore, for example, when sludge is mixed with other industrial waste or general waste and incinerated, a kiln-type incinerator may be used (see Patent Documents 1 and 2). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2002-181311 A [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 8-261427 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Here, since the above-mentioned fluidized bed incinerator requires the installation of a fluidized bed blower to supply air from the bottom of the furnace body, the power required to supply air into the furnace becomes large, and there is a problem of how to reduce this power.

[0006] In contrast, the above-mentioned fixed-bed incinerator, unlike the fluidized-bed incinerator, does not require a fluidizing blower for supplying fluidizing air, and has the characteristic that the power of blowers and fans for supplying air into the furnace can be reduced. However, when using a fixed-bed incinerator, although the supply of fluidizing air is not required, it is necessary to install a fire grate having a complex configuration, which creates the problem that the maintenance and management of the incinerator is not easy.

[0007] In addition, when using a kiln-type incinerator as described above, the size of the incinerator (kiln size) must be larger than other incinerators due to the need to burn sludge stably, which poses the problem of larger installation area and equipment costs. Furthermore, in a kiln-type incinerator, sludge and waste are not easily dispersed within the furnace, so the efficiency of contact with air is low and the time required for incineration is longer than with other incinerators.

[0008] An object of the present invention is to provide an incinerator, a sludge incineration method, and an incineration system that can simultaneously solve the problems associated with conventional fluidized bed incinerators and fixed bed incinerators. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the incinerator of the present invention comprises a drying chamber for drying sludge, a pyrolysis chamber for further drying and pyrolyzing the sludge dried in the drying chamber, a combustion chamber for burning the sludge pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber, a post-combustion chamber provided above the drying chamber or the pyrolysis chamber for burning gas generated as a result of the pyrolysis of the sludge in the pyrolysis chamber and gas generated as a result of the combustion of the sludge in the combustion chamber, and a dam section protruding upward between the pyrolysis chamber and the combustion chamber, the pyrolysis chamber having a plurality of tubes for spraying air into the pyrolysis chamber at a position lower than the upper end of the dam section, each of the plurality of tubes being capable of freely adjusting the amount of air sprayed into the pyrolysis chamber, and the sludge pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber is transported over the dam section to the combustion chamber by the air sprayed from at least one of the plurality of tubes. Effect of the Invention

[0010] The incinerator of the present invention aims to provide an incinerator, a sludge incineration method and an incineration system that can simultaneously solve the problems associated with conventional fluidized bed incinerators and fixed bed incinerators. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of an incinerator 100 according to the first embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a top view of the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion chamber 13 in the first embodiment. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion chamber 13 in the first embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining adjustment of the supply amount of gas supplied into the incinerator 100 in the first embodiment. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining adjustment of the supply amount of gas supplied into the incinerator 100 in the first embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a first modified example of the incinerator 100 in the first embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a second modified example of the incinerator 100 in the first embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a second modified example of the incinerator 100 in the first embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a third modified example of the incinerator 100 in the first embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a third modified example of the incinerator 100 in the first embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an air diffusing pipe 18a in the second embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the ejection of air in the second embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the air diffusing pipes 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, and 18f in the third embodiment. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a timing chart illustrating the first jet control of the air diffusing pipes 18a, 18b, and 18c in the third embodiment. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a timing chart illustrating the second jetting control of the air diffusing pipes 18a, 18b, and 18c in the third embodiment. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating the air diffusing pipes 18a, 18b, and 18c in the fourth embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0012] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0013] [First embodiment] First, the incinerator 100 according to the first embodiment will be described.

[0014] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the incinerator 100 in the first embodiment. FIG. 1 shows a schematic side cross section of the incinerator 100 in the first embodiment. In addition, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are schematic diagrams of the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion chamber 13 in the first embodiment. Furthermore, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 are diagrams for explaining the adjustment of the supply amount of gas supplied into the incinerator 100 in the first embodiment. This gas is, for example, air, and is a high-temperature gas whose temperature has been increased by waste heat recovered by the heat exchanger 22, as described later. Hereinafter, this high-temperature air will also be simply referred to as air. The air supplied to the pyrolysis chamber 12 is mainly air for drying and pyrolyzing sludge, and the air supplied to the combustion chamber 13 is mainly air for burning the pyrolyzed sludge.

[0015] As shown in FIG. 1, the incinerator 100 has, for example, a furnace body 10 and a sludge injector 21 that injects sludge 1 into the furnace body 10.

[0016] The furnace body 10 has, for example, a drying chamber 11 for drying the sludge 1 input from a sludge input device 21 through a sludge input port 21a, a pyrolysis chamber 12 for further drying and pyrolyzing (gasifying) the sludge 1 dried in the drying chamber 11, and a combustion chamber 13 for burning the sludge 1 pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber 12.

[0017] The sludge 1 introduced through the sludge introduction port 21a moves in the order of the drying chamber 11, the pyrolysis chamber 12, and the combustion chamber 13. That is, the drying chamber 11 and the pyrolysis chamber 12 are physically connected, and the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion chamber 13 are also physically connected. The furnace body 10 is provided, for example, above the drying chamber 11 and has a post-combustion chamber 14 for burning gas (not shown) and the like generated with the combustion of the sludge 1 in the combustion chamber 13, and a reflection wall 15 for reflecting the combustion heat generated in the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion chamber 13.

[0018] In the following, the sludge 1 undergoing drying in the drying chamber 11 will also be referred to as sludge 1a, the sludge 1 undergoing pyrolysis in the pyrolysis chamber 12 will also be referred to as sludge 1b, and the sludge undergoing combustion in the combustion chamber 13 will also be referred to as sludge 1c. The drying chamber, pyrolysis chamber, combustion chamber, and post-combustion chamber will also be referred to as the drying zone, pyrolysis zone, combustion zone, and post-combustion zone, respectively.

[0019] Next, the drying chamber 11 will be described.

[0020] In the drying chamber 11, the sludge 1 introduced through the sludge introduction port 21a is dried by utilizing the sensible heat of the exhaust gas generated in the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion chamber 13. In this case, in the drying chamber 11, the flow direction of the sludge 1 introduced from the sludge introduction device 21 and the flow direction of the combustion exhaust gas are opposed to each other, so that it is possible to improve the drying efficiency of the sludge 1. The drying chamber 11 may be, for example, a rotary kiln type drying chamber capable of agitating the sludge 1 by rotation.

[0021] Generally, in the drying chamber of a fixed-bed incinerator, drying is performed so that the moisture content of the sludge 1 becomes 30% or less. In contrast, in the drying chamber 11 of this embodiment, the moisture content of the sludge 1 may be 30% or more, and for example, the sludge 1 is dried so that the moisture content of the sludge 1 becomes about 40% to 60%. That is, in the drying chamber 11 of this embodiment, the lumpy sludge 1 is supplied to the pyrolysis chamber 12.

[0022] This allows the incinerator 100 to use a rotary kiln with a reduced length to diameter ratio as the drying chamber 11. Specifically, the incinerator 100 allows the drying chamber 11 to use a rotary kiln with a length to diameter ratio of about 2, for example.

[0023] Next, the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion chamber 13 will be described.

[0024] Fig. 2 is a top view of the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion chamber 13 in the first embodiment. Also, Fig. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion chamber 13 in the first embodiment. Note that sludge 1 is omitted in Fig. 2.

[0025] 2 and 3, the pyrolysis chamber 12 is a rectangular space constituted by a side wall portion 12a, a bottom portion 12b, and a side wall portion 12c extending in the depth direction of FIG. 1, and has an open ceiling. In the pyrolysis chamber 12, the sludge 1 introduced from the drying chamber 11 is dried and pyrolyzed. Specifically, in the pyrolysis chamber 12, the sludge 1 is dried and decomposed into solid matter (carbonized matter) and gas.

[0026] As shown in FIG. 3, the bottom 12b of the pyrolysis chamber 12 is provided at a position higher than the bottom 13b of the combustion chamber 13 in the vertical direction of the incinerator 100. In other words, the bottom 13b of the combustion chamber 13 is lower than the bottom 12b of the pyrolysis chamber 12, and there is a drop between the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion chamber 13. By having this drop, the sludge 1 can be dropped from the pyrolysis chamber 12 to the combustion chamber 13 located below, thereby allowing the pyrolysis chamber 12 to move smoothly relative to the combustion chamber 13. In addition, as described later, when air is supplied to the sludge 1, by having this drop, it is possible to prevent the sludge 1 from moving (backflowing) from the combustion chamber 13 to the pyrolysis chamber 12.

[0027] The pyrolysis chamber 12 also has air diffusers 18a, 18b, and 18c (hereinafter also referred to as first pipes 18a, 18b, and 18c) that supply air into the pyrolysis chamber 12. Each of the air diffusers 18a, 18b, and 18c extends, for example, toward the depth direction of FIG. 1, and one or more air outlets (not shown) for ejecting air are provided along the long axis direction. Each of the air diffusers 18a, 18b, and 18c is installed, for example, adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction, as shown in FIG. 3. Specifically, each of the air diffusers 18a, 18b, and 18c has, for example, one end led out to the outside of the furnace body 10 and supported by a support member (not shown). Below, a case where three air diffusers are installed in the pyrolysis chamber 12 will be described, but the pyrolysis chamber 12 may be provided with a number of air diffusers other than three.

[0028] Each of the air diffuser pipes 18a, 18b, and 18c sprays air into the pyrolysis chamber 12 to supply air evenly to the sludge 1 accumulated in the pyrolysis chamber 12, and also uses the sprayed air to sequentially transport the sludge 1 that has been dried and pyrolyzed to the combustion chamber 13.

[0029] Specifically, each of the air diffuser pipes 18a, 18b and 18c sprays air downward, as shown by the solid arrows in Figure 3, thereby moving the sludge 1 introduced from the drying chamber 11 to the vicinity of the weir portion 16 extending in the depth direction of Figure 1, and further pushing the sludge 1 accumulated near the weir portion 16 upward, causing it to exceed the weir portion 16.

[0030] Here, each of the air diffuser pipes 18a, 18b, and 18c ejects air at a flow velocity such that the sludge 1 gradually moves in the pyrolysis chamber 12. Specifically, each of the air diffuser pipes 18a, 18b, and 18c ejects air so that the flow velocity at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber 12 is, for example, about 0.2 (m / s) to 2 (m / s).

[0031] This enables the incinerator 100 to reduce the power required to supply air from the air diffusers 18a, 18b, and 18c (power required by the fluidization blower) compared to, for example, a fluidized bed incinerator that requires fluidizing sand.

[0032] In this case, each of the air diffusers 18a, 18b, and 18c gradually moves the sludge 1 accumulated in the pyrolysis chamber 12 so as to prevent the generation of sludge 1 whose residence time in the pyrolysis chamber 12 is less than a predetermined time. The predetermined time here is, for example, a time (e.g., about several minutes) that can be determined as being required for the drying and pyrolysis of the sludge 1 in the pyrolysis chamber 12 to be completed.

[0033] As a result, in the incinerator 100, for example, it is possible to prevent the sludge 1 that has not been sufficiently dried and pyrolyzed from being transferred to the combustion chamber 13.

[0034] The temperature in the pyrolysis chamber 12 is maintained at, for example, around 500°C to 600°C, depending on the balance between the combustion reaction of the sludge 1 (the combustion reaction of gas pyrolyzed from the sludge 1) and the absorption reaction of the pyrolysis of the sludge 1.

[0035] 2 and 3, the combustion chamber 13 is a rectangular space constituted by a side wall portion 13a, a bottom portion 13b, and a side wall portion 13c extending in the depth direction of FIG. 1, and the ceiling portion is open. In the combustion chamber 13, the sludge 1 (solid matter) introduced from the pyrolysis chamber 12 is combusted. The weir portion 16 is provided, for example, at a position where the side wall portion 12c of the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the side wall portion 13a of the combustion chamber 13 are physically connected to each other.

[0036] The combustion chamber 13 also has diffuser tubes 18d, 18e, and 18f (hereinafter also referred to as second tubes 18d, 18e, and 18f) that supply air into the combustion chamber 13. Each of the diffuser tubes 18d, 18e, and 18f extends, for example, toward the depth direction of FIG. 1, and one or more air outlets (not shown) for ejecting air are provided along the longitudinal direction. Each of the diffuser tubes 18d, 18e, and 18f is installed, for example, adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction, as shown in FIG. 3. Specifically, each of the diffuser tubes 18d, 18e, and 18f has, for example, one end led out to the outside of the furnace body 10 and supported by a support member (not shown). Below, a case where three diffuser tubes are installed in the combustion chamber 13 will be described, but the number of diffuser tubes installed in the combustion chamber 13 may be other than three.

[0037] Each of the air diffusers 18d, 18e, and 18f ejects air within the combustion chamber 13, thereby supplying air evenly to the sludge 1 accumulated within the combustion chamber 13.

[0038] Specifically, each of the air diffusers 18d, 18e, and 18f sprays air downward as shown by the solid arrows in Figure 3, thereby moving, for example, the sludge 1 introduced from the pyrolysis chamber 12 within the combustion chamber 13.

[0039] Here, each of the air diffuser pipes 18d, 18e, and 18f ejects air at a flow velocity such that the sludge 1 gradually moves in the combustion chamber 13. Specifically, each of the air diffuser pipes 18d, 18e, and 18f ejects air so that the flow velocity at the bottom of the combustion chamber 13 is, for example, about 0.2 (m / s) to 2 (m / s).

[0040] This enables the incinerator 100 to reduce the power required for blowers and fans to supply air from the air diffusers 18d, 18e, and 18f, compared to, for example, a fluidized bed incinerator that requires fluidizing sand.

[0041] 1, the combustion chamber 13 has, for example, an ash discharge pipe 17 at the bottom 13b. In the combustion chamber 13, the incineration ash accumulated at the bottom 13b is discharged from the ash discharge pipe 17 to the outside.

[0042] From the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of clinker, the temperature in the combustion chamber 13 is preferably, for example, 900° C. or lower (eg, 850° C.).

[0043] Next, returning to FIG. 1, the post-combustion chamber 14 will be described.

[0044] In the example shown in FIG. 1, the post-combustion chamber 14 is located above the drying chamber 11, and is used to circulate, for example, gas generated as a result of the thermal decomposition of the sludge 1 in the thermal decomposition chamber 12 and gas (such as CO and N) generated as a result of the combustion of the sludge 1 in the combustion chamber 13. 2 The mixture is then completely combusted with air.

[0045] As a result, in the incinerator 100 of this embodiment, it is possible to suppress the generation of CO, and further, 2 It becomes possible to decompose O.

[0046] Further, the post-combustion chamber 14 has a supply pipe 14a through which a heat transfer medium M1 such as heat transfer oil flows for recovering heat from the exhaust gas generated in the combustion chamber 13 and the post-combustion chamber 14. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the supply pipe 14a is embedded in a spiral shape, for example, inside the furnace wall (refractory material) of the post-combustion chamber 14.

[0047] As a result, in the post-combustion chamber 14, the supply pipe 14a absorbs heat, so that the furnace wall of the post-combustion chamber 14 can be made thin.

[0048] The refractory material contained in the furnace wall of the post-combustion chamber 14 may be, for example, a ramming material made of a monolithic refractory material.

[0049] Then, the thermal energy recovered by the heat medium M1 flowing through the supply pipe 14a is supplied to, for example, the power generation system 24. That is, the thermal energy recovered by the heat medium M1 is supplied to the power generation system 24 by the heat medium M1 circulating between the post-combustion chamber 14 and the power generation system 24. Specifically, the heat medium M1 is supplied from the post-combustion chamber 14 to the power generation system 24 via, for example, a line L17. Then, the heat medium M1 after being supplied to the power generation system 24 is supplied from the power generation system 24 to the post-combustion chamber 14 via, for example, a line L18. The line L17 is a pipe that communicates between the outlet side of the post-combustion chamber 14 (supply pipe 14a) and the inlet side of the power generation system 24. The line L18 is a pipe that communicates between the outlet side of the power generation system 24 and the inlet side of the post-combustion chamber 14 (supply pipe 14a).

[0050] The thermal energy recovered by the heat medium M1 flowing through the supply pipe 14a may be supplied to the power generation system 24 via circulating water circulating between the post-combustion chamber 14 and the power generation system 24, for example.

[0051] On the other hand, the exhaust gas discharged from the post-combustion chamber 14 is supplied to the heat exchanger 22 and then supplied to the smoke scrubbing tower 23. Specifically, the exhaust gas discharged from the post-combustion chamber 14 is supplied from the post-combustion chamber 14 to the heat exchanger 22 via, for example, a line L11. Moreover, the exhaust gas supplied to the heat exchanger 22 is supplied from the heat exchanger 22 to the smoke scrubbing tower 23 via, for example, a line L12. The line L11 is a pipe that connects the outlet side of the incinerator 100 (post-combustion chamber 14) to the inlet side of the heat exchanger 22. Moreover, the line L12 is a pipe that connects the outlet side of the heat exchanger 22 to the inlet side of the smoke scrubbing tower 23.

[0052] The heat exchanger 22 recovers heat from the exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator 100 (post combustion chamber 14). The thermal energy recovered from the exhaust gas is supplied to the power generation system 24 via a heat medium M2 (heat medium M2 circulating between the heat exchanger 22 and the power generation system 24), such as heat transfer oil or circulating water. Specifically, the heat medium M2 is supplied from the heat exchanger 22 to the power generation system 24 via a line L13, for example. The heat medium M2 after being supplied to the power generation system 24 is supplied from the power generation system 24 to the heat exchanger 22 via a line L14, for example. The line L13 is a pipe that connects the outlet side of the heat exchanger 22 to the inlet side of the power generation system 24. The line L14 is a pipe that connects the outlet side of the power generation system 24 to the inlet side of the heat exchanger 22.

[0053] The heat exchanger 22 heats the air (atmosphere) supplied by the air blower P1, for example, by the thermal energy recovered from the exhaust gas. The heated air is then used as the air supplied to the pyrolysis chamber 12, the combustion chamber 13, and the post-combustion chamber 14, for example. Specifically, the air supplied by the air blower P1 is supplied to the heat exchanger 22 from the air blower P1, for example, via a line L15. The air supplied from the air blower P1 is supplied to the incinerator 100 (for example, the pyrolysis chamber 12, the combustion chamber 13, and the post-combustion chamber 14) from the heat exchanger 22, for example, via a line L16. The line L15 is a pipe that connects the outlet side of the air blower P1 to the inlet side of the heat exchanger 22. The line L16 is a pipe that connects the outlet side of the heat exchanger 22 to the inlet side of the incinerator 100.

[0054] The smoke washing tower 23 brings the exhaust gas supplied from the heat exchanger 22 into contact with water, thereby removing SO X Removes components such as HCl.

[0055] Specifically, the smoke scrubbing tower 23 introduces the flue gas from, for example, the lower part of the tower. The smoke scrubbing tower 23 then brings the flue gas into contact with water sprayed from a water spray nozzle (not shown) at the upper part of the tower, thereby removing SO 2 in the flue gas. X The smoke washing tower 23 then releases the cleaned flue gas from the chimney 23a into the atmosphere.

[0056] Thus, the incinerator 100 in this embodiment has a drying chamber 11 that dries the sludge 1 until the moisture content reaches approximately 40% to 60%, a pyrolysis chamber 12 that further dries and pyrolyzes the sludge 1 dried in the drying chamber 11, a combustion chamber 13 that burns the sludge 1 pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber 12, a post-combustion chamber 14 that is provided above the drying chamber 11 and burns unburned gas generated by the combustion of the sludge 1 in the combustion chamber 13, and a dam portion 16 that protrudes upward between the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion chamber 13.

[0057] As a result, in the incinerator 100 of this embodiment, unlike a general fluidized bed incinerator, it is not necessary to provide a blower or fan for supplying air from the bottom of the furnace body 10. Also, in the incinerator 100 of this embodiment, it is not necessary to provide a dust collector for collecting incineration ash, unlike a general fluidized bed incinerator. Furthermore, in the incinerator 100 of this embodiment, it is not necessary to provide a fire grate with a complex configuration, unlike a general fixed bed incinerator.

[0058] Therefore, in the incinerator 100 of this embodiment, it is possible to simplify the entire facility, and to reduce the installation cost and maintenance cost of the incinerator 100. That is, in the incinerator 100 of this embodiment, it is possible to simultaneously solve the problems that exist in the conventional fluidized bed incinerator and fixed bed incinerator, for example.

[0059] In the incinerator 100 of this embodiment, for example, the drying and pyrolysis of the sludge 1 in the pyrolysis chamber 12, the combustion of the sludge 1 in the combustion chamber 13, and the combustion of gas in the post-combustion chamber 14 can be performed while controlling the air ratio of each. Therefore, in the incinerator 100 of this embodiment, even if the properties of the sludge 1 change, it is possible to easily form and control the temperature field. 2 O or NO X It is possible to reduce the

[0060] In addition, in the incinerator 100 of this embodiment, by having a dam section 16 between the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion chamber 13, it is possible to prevent sludge 1 that has not been dried and pyrolyzed from moving from the pyrolysis chamber 12 to the combustion chamber 13.

[0061] In addition, in the incinerator 100 of this embodiment, since the dam section 16 is provided between the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion chamber 13, it is possible to control the pyrolysis and combustion of the sludge 1 so that they do not occur simultaneously. Therefore, in the incinerator 100 of this embodiment, it is possible to suppress the generation of clinker, for example.

[0062] In the incinerator 100 of this embodiment, for example, the sludge injector 21 may add silica sand (for example, silica sand No. 1 or silica sand No. 2) to the sludge 1. Specifically, for example, the silica sand may be added so that the ash ratio of the silica sand to the sludge 1 is about 0.5 to 1.

[0063] This makes it possible to improve the dispersibility of the sludge 1 in the drying chamber 11. Also, in the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion chamber 13, the silica sand functions as a heat medium and a thermal buffer material, making it possible to make the combustion state uniform. In particular, in the combustion chamber 13, it becomes possible to suppress the formation of a local high temperature field due to the combustion of solid materials.

[0064] In addition, in the ash discharge pipe 17, for example, a sieve (not shown) may be used to separate the incineration ash from the silica sand (hereinafter, also simply referred to as sand) as shown in Figure 1. The silica sand separated from the incineration ash may be supplied again to the sludge injector 21, for example.

[0065] In addition, the incinerator 100 in this embodiment may control the amount of air supplied to each of the pyrolysis chamber 12, the combustion chamber 13, and the post-combustion chamber 14, for example, by measuring the oxygen concentration at the outlet of the post-combustion chamber 14. Specifically, the incinerator 100 in this embodiment may control the amount of air supplied to each of the pyrolysis chamber 12, the combustion chamber 13, and the post-combustion chamber 14, for example, so that the air ratio in the pyrolysis chamber 12 is 0.6±0.3, the air ratio in the combustion chamber 13 is 0.4±0.3, and the air ratio in the post-combustion chamber 14 is 0.3±0.2.

[0066] As a result, in the incinerator 100 of this embodiment, it becomes possible to control the amount of air supplied to the incinerator 100 even if the properties of the sludge 1 change. Also, in the incinerator 100 of this embodiment, it becomes possible to control the temperature in each of the pyrolysis chamber 12, the combustion chamber 13, and the post-combustion chamber 14 by controlling the temperature of the air in addition to the amount of air supplied to each of the pyrolysis chamber 12, the combustion chamber 13, and the post-combustion chamber 14.

[0067] Furthermore, the incinerator 100 in this embodiment may be provided with a detector 19 for detecting temperature distribution in the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion chamber 13, as shown in Fig. 4, for example. The detector 19 is, for example, an infrared camera. A control device (not shown) installed outside the incinerator 100 may determine the amount of air supplied to the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion chamber 13, for example, by referring to the results of detection of the temperature distribution by the detector 19. The control device is, for example, a computer having a CPU (Central Computing Unit), a memory, etc.

[0068] Specifically, for example, as shown in Fig. 5, when the detection device 19 detects an area T11 (hereinafter also referred to as the first area T11) in the pyrolysis chamber 12 or the combustion chamber 13 where the temperature is lower than a first threshold, the control device increases the amount of air jetted to the detected area T11. Also, when the detection device 19 detects an area T12 (hereinafter also referred to as the second area T12) in the pyrolysis chamber 12 or the combustion chamber 13 where the temperature is higher than a second threshold (a threshold higher than the first threshold), the control device (not shown) decreases the amount of air jetted to the detected area T12.

[0069] More specifically, for example, when the detection device 19 detects the area T11, the control device increases the amount of air blown out from the air diffuser pipe 18a by controlling to open the valve (not shown) of the air diffuser pipe 18a provided at the position closest to the area T11. Also, for example, when the detection device 19 detects the second area, the control device reduces the amount of air blown out from the air diffuser pipe 18f by controlling to close the valve (not shown) of the air diffuser pipe 18f provided at the position closest to the area T12.

[0070] The control of the valve based on the detection result by the detection device 19 may be performed manually by an operator, for example.

[0071] Also, the drying chamber 11, the pyrolysis chamber 12, and the combustion chamber 13 may each be provided with a thermometer for measuring the temperature of the drying chamber 11, the pyrolysis chamber 12, and the combustion chamber 13. Then, an operator or a control device may control the amount of air supplied to each of the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion chamber 13 based on the measurement results of each thermometer. Specifically, for example, a first thermometer may be provided at the top of the drying chamber 11, a second thermometer may be provided at the top of the pyrolysis chamber 12, and a third thermometer may be provided at the top of the combustion chamber 13. Then, an operator or a control device may control the amount of air supplied to each of the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion chamber 13 based on the temperatures measured by each of the first to third thermometers.

[0072] [Modification (1) of the first embodiment] Next, a first modified example of the first embodiment will be described. Figure 6 is a diagram for explaining a first modified example of the incinerator 100 in the first embodiment. Below, differences from the incinerator 100 described in Figure 1 etc. will be described.

[0073] 6, the post-combustion chamber 14 is provided above the pyrolysis chamber 12. The drying chamber 11 also has an air supply port 11a through which air is supplied.

[0074] That is, when the post-combustion chamber 14 is located above the pyrolysis chamber 12, the exhaust gas generated in the combustion chamber 13 is directly supplied to the post-combustion chamber 14. Therefore, in the drying chamber 11 shown in Fig. 6, the sludge 1 is dried by using air supplied from an air supply port 11a instead of the sensible heat of the exhaust gas.

[0075] The furnace body 10 shown in Fig. 6 has a more integrated shape than the furnace body 10 shown in Fig. 1. Therefore, the incinerator 100 shown in Fig. 6 can be manufactured at a lower cost than the incinerator 100 shown in Fig. 1, for example.

[0076] [Modification (2) of the first embodiment] Next, a second modified example of the first embodiment will be described. Figures 7 and 8 are diagrams for explaining a second modified example of the incinerator 100 in the first embodiment. Specifically, Figure 7 is a diagram for explaining the incinerator 100 in the second modified example. Also, Figure 8 is a diagram for explaining the circulation path of the heat medium M1 in the second modified example. Below, differences from the incinerator 100 explained in Figure 1 etc. will be explained.

[0077] The incinerator 100 shown in Fig. 7 does not have the drying chamber 11 described in Fig. 1 etc., but communicates with a dryer 31 separate from the furnace body 10. Hereinafter, the incinerator 100 and the dryer 31 will be collectively referred to as the incineration system 1000.

[0078] 7, the dryer 31 dries the sludge 1, for example, that is input from the sludge input device 21 through the sludge input port 21a. Hereinafter, the sludge 1 being dried in the drying chamber 11 is also referred to as sludge 1a'.

[0079] Specifically, the heat medium M1 from which thermal energy has been recovered in the supply pipe 14a is supplied to each of the power generation system 24 and the dryer 31. The dryer 31 dries the sludge 1 input from the sludge input device 21 by utilizing the thermal energy supplied via the heat medium M1. Thereafter, the dryer 31 supplies the dried sludge 1a' from the sludge supply pipe 31a to the incinerator 100 (furnace body 10).

[0080] That is, in the second modified example, unlike the case described with reference to FIG.

[0081] [Circulation path of heat transfer medium M1 (1)] Next, the circulation path of the heat medium M1 in the second modified example will be described.

[0082] As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the heat medium M1 circulates, for example, between the post-combustion chamber 14 (supply pipe 14a), the heat exchanger 22, the dryer 31, and the power generation system 24.

[0083] Specifically, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8, the heat medium M1 supplied from the heat exchanger 22 (heat medium M1 heated in the heat exchanger 22) is supplied to the power generation system 24 via the line L22, and is also supplied to the dryer 31 via the line L22 and the line L24. The heat medium M1 supplied from the post-combustion chamber 14 (heat medium M1 heated in the post-combustion chamber 14) is supplied to the power generation system 24 via the line L21 and a part of the line L22, and is also supplied to the dryer 31 via the line L21, a part of the line L22, and the line L24. The line L22 is a pipe that connects the outlet side of the heat exchanger 22 and the inlet side of the power generation system 24. The line L21 is a pipe that connects the outlet side of the post-combustion chamber 14 and the outlet downstream side of the heat exchanger 22 in the line L22 (hereinafter, also referred to as the junction C2). Furthermore, the line L24 is a pipe that connects the upstream side of the inlet of the power generation system 24 in the line L22 (hereinafter, also referred to as the branch point B1) and the inlet side of the dryer 31.

[0084] 7 and 8, the heat medium M1 supplied from the post-combustion chamber 14 (heat medium M1 heated in the post-combustion chamber 14) and the heat medium M1 supplied from the heat exchanger 22 (heat medium M1 heated in the heat exchanger 22) join at a joining point C2. Then, the heat medium M1 joined at the joining point C2 branches at a branching point B1 and is supplied to the dryer 31 and the power generation system 24, respectively.

[0085] This allows the dryer 31 to utilize the thermal energy of the heat medium M1, and enables drying of the sludge 1 input from the sludge input device 21. Also, the power generation system 24 allows power generation using the thermal energy of the heat medium M1.

[0086] Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the heat medium M1 (heat medium M1 after thermal energy is utilized in the power generation system 24) supplied from the power generation system 24 is supplied to the post-combustion chamber 14 via the line L23, for example, and is also supplied to the heat exchanger 22 via a part of the line L23 and the line L26. The heat medium M1 (heat medium M1 after thermal energy is utilized in the dryer 31) supplied from the dryer 31 is supplied to the post-combustion chamber 14 via the line L25 and a part of the line L23, for example, and is also supplied to the heat exchanger 22 via the line L25, a part of the line L23, and the line L26. The line L23 is a pipe that communicates between the outlet side of the power generation system 24 and the upstream side of the post-combustion chamber 14. The line L25 is a pipe that communicates between the outlet side of the dryer 31 and the outlet downstream side of the power generation system 24 in the line L23 (hereinafter, also referred to as the junction C1). Furthermore, the line L26 is a pipe that connects the upstream side of the inlet of the post-combustion chamber 14 in the line L23 (hereinafter, also referred to as the branch point B2) and the inlet side of the heat exchanger 22.

[0087] 7 and 8, the heat medium M1 supplied from the dryer 31 (the heat medium M1 after its thermal energy has been utilized in the dryer 31) and the heat medium M1 supplied from the power generation system 24 (the heat medium M1 after its thermal energy has been utilized in the power generation system 24) merge at a junction C1. Then, the heat medium M1 merged at the junction C1 branches again at a branch point B2, and is supplied again to the post-combustion chamber 14 and the heat exchanger 22.

[0088] This enables each of the post-combustion chamber 14 and the heat exchanger 22 to again increase the temperature of the heat medium M1 supplied via the branch point B2.

[0089] Returning to FIG. 7, the incineration system 1000 includes a scrubber 32 in addition to the incinerator 100 and the dryer 31.

[0090] The scrubber 32 is, for example, a device that removes water vapor contained in the dry gas discharged from the dryer 31. The dry gas exhaust fan P2 supplies the dry gas, from which water vapor has been removed by the scrubber 32, to the incinerator 100 for combustion and decomposition of odors in the dry gas. Specifically, the dry gas discharged from the dryer 31 is supplied from the dryer 31 to the scrubber 32 via, for example, a line L31. The dry gas after being supplied to the scrubber 32 is supplied to the incinerator 100 via, for example, a line L32. The line L31 is a pipe that connects the outlet side of the dryer 31 and the inlet side of the scrubber 32. The line L32 is a pipe that connects the outlet side of the scrubber 32 and the inlet side of the incinerator 100.

[0091] That is, if dry gas from which water vapor has not been sufficiently removed is supplied to the incinerator 100, there may arise cases where extra heat is required to raise the temperature of the incinerator 100, or where heat recovery cannot be performed sufficiently in the downstream stage of the incinerator 100 (for example, the heat exchanger 22). Therefore, in the incinerator 100, dry gas from which water vapor has been removed in the scrubber 32 is supplied to the incinerator 100.

[0092] Here, in the dryer 31, unlike the case in the drying chamber 11 described with reference to FIG. 1 etc., drying is performed so that the moisture content of the sludge 1 becomes 30(%) or less, for example.

[0093] In other words, in the incinerator 100 of the second variant, sludge 1 having a lower moisture content than that described in Figure 1 etc. is supplied to the pyrolysis chamber 12, thereby reducing the amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of the moisture contained in the sludge 1, and further reducing the total amount of thermal energy required for the pyrolysis of the sludge 1 in the pyrolysis chamber 12.

[0094] As a result, in the incinerator 100 in the second modified example, it is possible to further increase the temperature of the gas generated by the thermal decomposition of the sludge 1, and for example, it is possible to supply to the post-combustion chamber 14 gas that is higher in temperature and has a lower moisture content than in the case described in FIG. 1, etc. Therefore, in the incinerator 100, it is possible to improve the combustion efficiency in the post-combustion chamber 14 and increase the amount of thermal energy recovered in the post-combustion chamber 14 (the amount of thermal energy recovered by the heat medium flowing through the supply pipe 14a). Therefore, in the incinerator 100, it is possible to increase, for example, the amount of power generation in the power generation system 24 compared to the case described in FIG. 1, etc.

[0095] On the other hand, in the incinerator 100 of the second modified example, the moisture content of the sludge 1a' supplied to the pyrolysis chamber 12 is lower than that in the case described in Figure 1, etc., so that, for example, if the air ratio in the pyrolysis chamber 12 is made the same as that in the case described in Figure 1, etc., the improved combustion efficiency will cause the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber 12 to rise to around 900°C, and clinker may be generated in the pyrolysis chamber 12.

[0096] Therefore, in the incinerator 100 in the second modified example, for example, the air ratio in the pyrolysis chamber 12 is suppressed more than in the case described in Fig. 1 etc. Specifically, in the incinerator 100 in the second modified example, for example, the air ratio in the pyrolysis chamber 12 is controlled to be 0.4±0.3.

[0097] As a result, in the incinerator 100 of the second modified example, even under conditions in which the moisture content of the sludge 1a' supplied to the pyrolysis chamber 12 is lower than that in the case described in Fig. 1 etc., it is possible to maintain the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber 12 at about 500°C to 800°C, and it is possible to suppress the generation of clinker in the pyrolysis chamber 12. In other words, in the incinerator 100 of the second modified example, it is possible to increase the temperature of the gas generated by the pyrolysis of the sludge 1 while suppressing the generation of clinker in the pyrolysis chamber 12.

[0098] In the incinerator 100 in the second modified example, for example, the air ratio in the pyrolysis chamber 12 is lower than that in the case described in Figure 1, etc., and therefore the concentration of gas generated in the pyrolysis chamber 12 is higher than that in the case described in Figure 1, etc.

[0099] In the incinerator 100 of the second modified example, for example, excess air is supplied to the combustion chamber 13, and the air ratio in the combustion chamber 13 is increased more than in the case described in Fig. 1 etc., thereby suppressing the temperature in the combustion chamber 13. Specifically, in the incinerator 100 of the second modified example, for example, the air ratio in the combustion chamber 13 is controlled to be 0.6±0.3.

[0100] As a result, in the incinerator 100 in the second modified example, even under conditions in which the moisture content of the sludge 1 supplied to the combustion chamber 13 is lower than that described in Figure 1, etc., it is possible to maintain the temperature in the combustion chamber 13 at or below 900°C, and it is possible to suppress the generation of clinker in the combustion chamber 13.

[0101] In addition, in the incinerator 100 in the second modified example, for example, excess air is supplied to the combustion chamber 13, so that a portion of the air supplied to the combustion chamber 13 (unreacted air) is supplied from the combustion chamber 13 to the post-combustion chamber 14.

[0102] Furthermore, in the incinerator 100 of the second variant, in addition to the air supplied by the air blower P1, dry gas supplied from the combustion chamber 13 is also used in the post-combustion chamber 14 to completely combust the gas generated by the thermal decomposition of the sludge 1 in the thermal decomposition chamber 12 and the gas generated by the combustion of the sludge 1 in the combustion chamber 13.

[0103] As a result, in the incinerator 100 in the second modified example, even if the concentration of gas generated in the pyrolysis chamber 12 is higher than that described in Figure 1, etc., it is possible to completely combust the gas generated in the post-combustion chamber 14 and the gas generated in the combustion chamber 13.

[0104] 7, a case has been described in which the temperature in the combustion chamber 13 is suppressed by supplying excess air into the combustion chamber 13, but this is not limiting. Specifically, for example, instead of supplying excess air into the combustion chamber 13, heat may be extracted from the combustion chamber 13 by inserting a heat transfer tube using air, hot water, or the like as a medium.

[0105] In addition, in the incinerator 100 shown in Figure 7, for example, by controlling the air ratio in the pyrolysis chamber 12 to be 0.4 ± 0.3, the air ratio in the combustion chamber 13 to be 0.6 ± 0.3, and the air ratio in the post-combustion chamber 14 to be 0.3 ± 0.2, it is possible to make the amount of air supplied to the incinerator 100 the same as in the case described in Figure 1, etc.

[0106] [Modification (3) of the first embodiment] Next, a third modified example of the first embodiment will be described. Figures 9 and 10 are diagrams for explaining a third modified example of the incinerator 100 in the first embodiment. Specifically, Figure 9 is a diagram for explaining the incinerator 100 in the third modified example. Also, Figure 10 is a diagram for explaining the circulation path of the heat medium M1 in the third modified example. Below, differences from the incinerator 100 explained in Figure 7 (incinerator 100 in the second modified example) will be explained.

[0107] In the incinerator 100 (incineration system 1000) of the third variant, unlike the incinerator 100 described in Figure 7, the heat medium M1 continuously heated in each of the post-combustion chamber 14 and the heat exchanger 22 is supplied to each of the dryer 31 and the power generation system 24.

[0108] That is, in the second modified example described in FIG. 7 etc., the heating of the heat medium M1 by the post-combustion chamber 14 and the heating of the heat medium M1 by the heat exchanger 22 are performed in parallel, whereas in the third modified example, the heating of the heat medium M1 by the post-combustion chamber 14 and the heating of the heat medium M1 by the heat exchanger 22 are performed in series.

[0109] [Circulation path of heat transfer medium M1 (2)] Next, the circulation path of the heat medium M1 in the third modified example will be described.

[0110] As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the heat medium M1 circulates, for example, between the post-combustion chamber 14 (supply pipe 14a), the heat exchanger 22, the dryer 31, and the power generation system 24.

[0111] Specifically, as shown in Figures 9 and 10, the heat medium M1 supplied from the post-combustion chamber 14 (the heat medium M1 heated in the post-combustion chamber 14) is supplied to the heat exchanger 22, for example, via line L27. Line L27 is a pipe connecting the outlet side of the post-combustion chamber 14 and the inlet side of the heat exchanger 22. The heat medium M1 supplied from the heat exchanger 22 (the heat medium M1 heated in the heat exchanger 22) is supplied to the power generation system 24, for example, via line L22, and is also supplied to the dryer 31 via a part of line L22 and line L24.

[0112] 9 and 10, the heat medium M1 supplied from the post-combustion chamber 14 (the heat medium M1 heated in the post-combustion chamber 14) is supplied to the heat exchanger 22, and is further heated in the heat exchanger 22. Then, the heat medium M1 supplied from the heat exchanger 22 (the heat medium M1 heated in the heat exchanger 22) branches at a branch point B1, and is supplied to the dryer 31 and the power generation system 24, respectively.

[0113] This enables the dryer 31 to utilize the thermal energy of the heat medium M1 and to dry the sludge 1 input from the sludge input device 21. In addition, the power generation system 24 can generate power using the thermal energy of the heat medium M1.

[0114] 9 and 10, the heat medium M1 supplied from the power generation system 24 (the heat medium M1 after the thermal energy has been utilized in the power generation system 24) is supplied to the post-combustion chamber 14, for example, via a line L23. Also, the heat medium M1 supplied from the dryer 31 (the heat medium M1 after the thermal energy has been utilized in the dryer 31) is supplied to the post-combustion chamber 14, for example, via a line L25 and a part of the line L23.

[0115] 9 and 10, the heat medium M1 supplied from the dryer 31 (the heat medium M1 after its thermal energy has been utilized in the dryer 31) and the heat medium M1 supplied from the power generation system 24 (the heat medium M1 after its thermal energy has been utilized in the power generation system 24) join at a joining point C1. The heat medium M1 joined at the joining point C1 is then supplied to the post-combustion chamber 14 again.

[0116] This enables the post-combustion chamber 14 to again heat the heat medium M1 supplied via the junction C1.

[0117] [Second embodiment] Next, an incinerator 100 according to a second embodiment will be described.

[0118] Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the air diffusing pipe 18a in the second embodiment. Fig. 12 is a diagram for explaining the ejection of air in the second embodiment. Note that the air diffusing pipes 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, and 18f have the same configuration as the air diffusing pipe 18a, so their explanation is omitted. In the following, only the points that differ from the first embodiment will be explained.

[0119] In the second embodiment, the air diffuser pipe 18a has, for example, one end led out to the outside of the furnace body 10 and is supported by a support member (not shown) so as to be able to swing freely. The air diffuser pipe 18a swings around its long axis, for example, by driving a motor (not shown) connected to the one end led out to the outside of the furnace body 10.

[0120] That is, the air diffuser 18a rotates in the circumferential direction by being driven by a motor, as shown by the arrow in Fig. 11. In this way, the air diffuser 18a swings while changing the air ejection direction, and the air ejection position changes over time. As the air ejection position changes over time, the sludge 1 gradually moves in a direction with a drop accompanied by undulations, and further moves from the pyrolysis chamber 12 to the combustion chamber 13, over the weir portion 16.

[0121] Specifically, even when the air diffusing pipe 18a rotates clockwise to the maximum extent as shown in Fig. 11(A), the air diffusing pipe 18a swings within a range in which the air outlet 18a1 does not point to a position higher than the horizontal direction. Similarly, even when the air diffusing pipe 18a rotates counterclockwise to the maximum extent as shown in Fig. 11(B), the air diffusing pipe 18a swings within a range in which the air outlet 18a1 does not point to a position higher than the horizontal direction. In other words, it is preferable that the air diffusing pipe 18a swings within a range in which air is not ejected upward from the horizontal direction.

[0122] This makes it possible for the air diffuser 18a to prevent, for example, incineration ash generated in the combustion chamber 13 from scattering.

[0123] Then, the worker, for example, monitors the video captured by a monitoring device (not shown) that monitors the inside of the furnace body 10 to determine the state of pyrolysis of the sludge 1 in the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the state of combustion of the sludge 1 in the combustion chamber 13. The monitoring device is, for example, a monitoring camera. After that, the worker, for example, controls each motor (not shown) connected to each of the air diffusers 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, and 18f to swing each of the air diffusers 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, and 18f, and adjusts the direction of air ejection from each of the air diffusers 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, and 18f as needed. That is, for example, as shown by the solid arrows in FIG. 12(A), each of the air diffusers 18a, 18b, and 18c can independently eject air in different directions.

[0124] Next, a description will be given of the movement of the sludge 1. For example, an operator obtains the state of pyrolysis of the sludge 1 in the pyrolysis chamber 12 based on a monitoring camera, the temperature of a thermometer, or the temperature distribution of an infrared camera, and determines whether or not to move the pyrolyzed sludge 1 to the combustion chamber 13.

[0125] Here, as shown in Fig. 12(A), it is assumed that a large amount of sludge 1 has accumulated on the drying chamber 11 side of the pyrolysis chamber 12. In this case, as shown in Fig. 12(B), an operator ejects air by swinging the air diffusers 18a, 18b, and 18c, respectively.

[0126] As the air is ejected, the sludge 1 gradually moves in a certain direction, accompanied by undulations. This movement will be explained in detail. The ejected air rises within the sludge 1, and the rising air escapes from within the sludge 1 to the outside of the sludge 1. The state in which the air is rising is shown by the dotted arrows in Figure 12(B). Then, as the air escapes from within the sludge 1 to the outside of the sludge 1, a part of the sludge 1 corresponding to the area where the air escapes from within the sludge 1 to the outside of the sludge 1 moves to the surroundings so as to reduce the resistance of the air to the sludge 1, and the sludge 1 corresponding to this area becomes depressed. This depressed portion, i.e., the portion where the height of the sludge 1 becomes lower, is indicated by the symbol 1d.

[0127] Furthermore, as the sludge 1 moves to the periphery, the height of the sludge 1 increases in the moved portion. This portion of the sludge 1 where the height increases is indicated by the symbol 1u. The sludge 1 near the weir portion 16 then moves over the weir portion 16 into the combustion chamber 13 due to the ejection of air. The sludge 1 that has moved over the weir portion 16 into the combustion chamber 13 is indicated by the symbol 1m.

[0128] In this way, by controlling the oscillation of the air diffusers 18a, 18b, and 18c, the sludge 1 in the pyrolysis chamber 12 moves like a wave from the drying chamber 11 side to the combustion chamber 13 in the pyrolysis chamber 12. That is, this air jet moves a part of the sludge 1 accumulated on the drying chamber 11 side to the combustion chamber 13 side.

[0129] As a result, in the incinerator 100 of this embodiment, it is possible to perform fine control for moving the sludge 1 accumulated in the pyrolysis chamber 12 to the combustion chamber 13. Also, in the incinerator 100 of this embodiment, it is possible to perform fine control for the pyrolysis of the sludge 1 in the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion of the sludge 1 in the combustion chamber 13.

[0130] In addition, a control device may be installed outside the incinerator 100, which automatically determines the conditions of the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion chamber 13 from, for example, an image captured by a monitoring device or a temperature measured by a thermometer. The control device may swing the air diffuser pipes 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, and 18f, respectively, and automatically adjust the direction of air ejection from each of the air diffuser pipes 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, and 18f, depending on the results of the determination of the pyrolysis condition of the sludge 1 in the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion condition of the sludge 1 in the combustion chamber 13.

[0131] [Third embodiment] Next, an incinerator 100 according to a third embodiment will be described.

[0132] 13 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of air diffusing pipes 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, and 18f in the third embodiment. Only the points different from the first and second embodiments will be described below.

[0133] As shown in FIG. 13, the aeration pipes 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e and 18f in the third embodiment each have valves V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6, respectively.

[0134] The operator can supply air at different times by controlling the opening and closing of each valve. The opening and closing control of the valves changes the position of the air discharge over time. As the position of the air discharge changes over time, the sludge 1 gradually moves in a direction with a drop accompanied by undulations, as explained in FIG. 12, and further moves from the pyrolysis chamber 12 to the combustion chamber 13, over the weir portion 16.

[0135] Specifically, when the sludge 1 is moved as described in the second embodiment, for example, the opening and closing of the valves V1, V2, and V3 are controlled at regular intervals. A first example of the control is shown in Fig. 14. Fig. 14 is a timing chart for explaining the first jetting control of the air diffusers 18a, 18b, and 18c in the third embodiment.

[0136] From timing T0 to T1, valve V1 is opened (100 percent opening), and valves V2 and V3 are closed (0 percent opening). Then, from timing T2 to timing T3, a certain time after timing T1, valve V2 is opened and valve V1 is closed. Then, from timing T4 to T5, a certain time after timing T3, valve V3 is opened and valve V2 is closed. This opening and closing control of valves V1 to V3 is repeated. Note that the opening and closing of the above valves may be performed by a control device (not shown).

[0137] This opening and closing control is merely an example, and for example, the control may be repeated such that valves V1 and V2 are opened and valve V3 is closed from timing T0 to T1, and valves V2 and V3 are opened and valve V1 is closed from timing T2 to timing T3. The same opening and closing control may also be repeated for valves V4, V5, and V6. Furthermore, the above-mentioned fixed time period can be set arbitrarily, and for example, it is not necessary to set a fixed time period.

[0138] In this way, by controlling the opening of the valve from 0 percent to 100 percent, the fluctuation range of the air discharge amount per unit time becomes rapidly large. As a result, it becomes possible to increase the amount of sludge 1 moving to the surroundings (the moving sludge 1 explained in FIG. 12(B)). In other words, it becomes possible to increase the amount of sludge 1 moving.

[0139] Next, a second example of the opening / closing control of the valves V1, V2, and V3 is shown in Fig. 15. Fig. 15 is a timing chart illustrating the second jetting control of the air diffusing pipes 18a, 18b, and 18c in the third embodiment.

[0140] 14, the opening and closing of the valves V1, V2, and V3 are controlled to 100 percent opening and 0 percent opening. However, with this control, in order to keep the valve opening at 0 percent (fully closed), for example, the valve disc inside the valve and the parts in contact with the valve disc are more likely to wear out, and as a result, the usable life of the valve may be reduced.

[0141] Therefore, in the second example, an example of opening and closing control that prevents valve wear by controlling the opening and closing of the valve between 20 percent and 100 percent opening without completely closing the valve will be described. In this opening and closing control, the valve is gradually opened from 20 percent to 100 percent (continuously increasing the opening), and gradually closed from 100 percent to 20 percent (continuously decreasing the opening). Hereinafter, this control will also be referred to as incompletely closed control.

[0142] As shown in Fig. 15, at timing T0, the non-completely closed control is started for valve V1, and at timing T1, the non-completely closed control is stopped for valve V1. Then, at timing T2 between timings T0 and T1, the non-completely closed control is started for valve V2, and at timing T3, the non-completely closed control is stopped for valve V2. Then, at timing T4 between timings T2 and T3, the non-completely closed control is started for valve V3, and at timing T5, the non-completely closed control is stopped for valve V3. In this way, by performing the non-completely closed control, wear on the valve is prevented.

[0143] In addition, by overlapping the open states of different valves in time, it is possible to prevent a shortage of air supply even when the non-completely closed control is being executed. In the example of Fig. 15, for example, two valves, V1 and V2, are in the open state between timing T2 and T1.

[0144] By the above-mentioned first and second ejection controls, in the incinerator 100 of this embodiment, it becomes possible to perform fine control for moving the sludge 1 accumulated in the pyrolysis chamber 12 to the combustion chamber 13. Also, in the incinerator 100 of this embodiment, it becomes possible to perform fine control for the pyrolysis of the sludge 1 in the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion of the sludge 1 in the combustion chamber 13.

[0145] Further, the operator judges the state of pyrolysis of the sludge 1 in the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the state of combustion of the sludge 1 in the combustion chamber 13, for example, by monitoring an image captured by a monitoring device that monitors the inside of the furnace. After that, the operator adjusts the amount of air ejected from each of the valves V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6 as needed, for example, by opening and closing each of the valves V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6. In this case, the operator may stop (interrupt) the supply of air from at least one of the air diffusers 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, and 18f, for example, by completely closing at least one of the valves V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6.

[0146] Note that, for example, a control device may be installed outside the incinerator 100, which automatically determines the status of the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion chamber 13 from images captured by a monitoring device. The control device may automatically adjust the amount of air ejected from the air diffusers 18a, 18b, 18c, 18e, and 18f, depending on the results of the determination of the pyrolysis status of the sludge 1 in the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion status of the sludge 1 in the combustion chamber 13.

[0147] [Fourth embodiment] Next, the incinerator 100 in the fourth embodiment will be described. The incinerator 100 in the fourth embodiment has a control method that combines the swing control of the air diffuser tube described in the second embodiment and the air ejection control from the air diffuser tube described in the third embodiment.

[0148] Fig. 16 is a diagram for explaining the air diffusing pipes 18a, 18b, and 18c in the fourth embodiment. Note that the air diffusing pipes 18d, 18e, and 18f have the same configuration as the air diffusing pipes 18a, 18b, and 18c, so their explanation is omitted. In the following, only the points that are different from the first to third embodiments will be explained.

[0149] In the fourth embodiment, the air diffuser pipes 18a, 18b and 18c can adjust the air ejection direction by swinging about their long axes, as in the case described in the second embodiment, and can adjust the amount of air ejected from each of the air diffuser pipes 18a, 18b and 18c, as in the case described in the third embodiment.

[0150] Specifically, in the fourth embodiment, the air diffusion pipes 18a, 18b, and 18c adjust the direction of air ejected from the air diffusion pipe 18b by swinging the air diffusion pipe 18b, as shown in FIG. 16(A), and stop the ejection of air from the air diffusion pipes 18a and 18c.

[0151] In addition, in the fourth embodiment, the air diffusion pipes 18a, 18b, and 18c are adapted to adjust the direction of air ejected from each of the air diffusion pipes 18a and 18b by swinging the air diffusion pipes 18a and 18b, respectively, as shown in FIG. 16(B), for example, and to stop the ejection of air from the air diffusion pipe 18c.

[0152] As a result, in the incinerator 100 of this embodiment, it becomes possible to more precisely control the movement of the sludge 1 accumulated near the weir section 16 in the pyrolysis chamber 12 to the combustion chamber 13. Also, in the incinerator 100 of this embodiment, it becomes possible to more precisely control the pyrolysis of the sludge 1 in the pyrolysis chamber 12 and the combustion of the sludge 1 in the combustion chamber 13. [Explanation of symbols]

[0153] 1: Sludge 1a: Sludge 1b: Sludge 1c: Sludge 1d: Sludge 10: Furnace body 11: Drying chamber 11a: Air supply port 12: Pyrolysis chamber 12a: Side wall part 12b: Bottom 12c: Side wall 13: Combustion chamber 13a: Side wall 13b: Bottom 13c: Side wall 14: Post-combustion chamber 14a: Supply pipe 15:Reflection wall 16:Weir 17: Ash discharge pipe 18a: Diffusion pipe 18b: Diffuser pipe 18c: Diffuser pipe 18d: Diffuser pipe 18e: Diffuser pipe 18f: Aeration pipe 19: Detection device 21: Sludge inlet 21a: Sludge inlet 22: Heat exchanger 23: Smoke washing tower 24: Power generation system 31: Dryer 31a: Sludge supply pipe 32: Scrubber 100: Incinerator 1000: Incinerator system B1: Branch point B2: Branch point C1: Confluence C2: Confluence L11: Line L12: Line L13: Line L14: Line L15: Line L16: Line L17: Line L18: Line L21: Line L22: Line L23: Line L24: Line L25: Line L26: Line L27: Line L31: Line L32: Line M1: Heat transfer medium M2: Heat transfer medium P1: Air blower P2: Dry exhaust fan

Claims

1. a drying chamber for drying the sludge; a pyrolysis chamber in which the sludge dried in the drying chamber is further dried and pyrolyzed; a combustion chamber for burning the sludge pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber; A post-combustion chamber is provided above the drying chamber or the pyrolysis chamber, and combusts gas generated by the pyrolysis of the sludge in the pyrolysis chamber and gas generated by the combustion of the sludge in the combustion chamber; A dam portion protruding upward between the pyrolysis chamber and the combustion chamber, the pyrolysis chamber has a plurality of first pipes which eject air into the pyrolysis chamber at a position lower than an upper end of the weir portion, Each of the multiple first pipes is capable of freely adjusting the amount of air ejected into the pyrolysis chamber, and the air ejected from at least one of the multiple first pipes transports the sludge that has been pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber over the dam section to the combustion chamber.

2. The incinerator according to claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of first tubes ejects the air downward within the pyrolysis chamber.

3. The incinerator according to claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of first pipes has a valve for adjusting the amount of the air ejected into the pyrolysis chamber.

4. 4. The incinerator of claim 3, wherein each of said plurality of first tubes is further capable of swinging about its longitudinal axis.

5. Further, a detection device for detecting a temperature distribution in the combustion chamber is provided, The combustion chamber has a plurality of second pipes that eject air into the combustion chamber at a position lower than an upper end of the dam portion, Each of the second pipes has a valve for adjusting the amount of the air injected into the combustion chamber, 2. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein each of the valves increases the amount of air jetted from the plurality of second tubes to the first region when the detection device detects a first region in the combustion chamber whose temperature is lower than a first threshold value, and decreases the amount of air jetted from the plurality of second tubes to the second region when the detection device detects a second region in the combustion chamber whose temperature is higher than a second threshold value.

6. A method for incinerating sludge in an incinerator comprising: a drying chamber for drying sludge; a pyrolysis chamber for further drying and pyrolyzing the sludge dried in the drying chamber; a combustion chamber for burning the sludge pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber; a post-combustion chamber provided above the drying chamber or the pyrolysis chamber for burning gas generated by the pyrolysis of the sludge in the pyrolysis chamber and gas generated by the combustion of the sludge in the combustion chamber; and a dam section protruding upward between the pyrolysis chamber and the combustion chamber, wherein the pyrolysis chamber has a plurality of first pipes for ejecting air into the pyrolysis chamber at a position lower than an upper end of the dam section, adjusting the amount of the air ejected from each of the plurality of first tubes; A sludge incineration method in which the sludge pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber is transported over the dam section to the combustion chamber by ejecting the air corresponding to the ejection volume from each of the plurality of first pipes.

7. The incinerator has a detection device that detects the temperature distribution in the combustion chamber, The combustion chamber has a plurality of second pipes that eject air into the combustion chamber at a position lower than an upper end of the dam portion, A sludge incineration method as described in claim 6, wherein when the detection device detects a first region in the combustion chamber whose temperature is lower than a first threshold value, the amount of air sprayed from the multiple second pipes to the first region is increased, and when the detection device detects a second region in the combustion chamber whose temperature is higher than a second threshold value, the amount of air sprayed from the multiple second pipes to the second region is decreased.

8. A dryer for drying the sludge; an incinerator for incinerating the sludge dried by the dryer, The incinerator comprises: a pyrolysis chamber in which the sludge dried in the dryer is further dried and pyrolyzed; a combustion chamber for burning the sludge pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber; a post-combustion chamber provided above the pyrolysis chamber for combusting gas generated by the pyrolysis of the sludge in the pyrolysis chamber, gas generated by the combustion of the sludge in the combustion chamber, and dry gas discharged from the dryer and from which water vapor has been removed; A dam portion protruding upward between the pyrolysis chamber and the combustion chamber, the pyrolysis chamber has a plurality of first pipes which eject air into the pyrolysis chamber at a position lower than an upper end of the weir portion, Each of the multiple first pipes is capable of freely adjusting the amount of air ejected into the pyrolysis chamber, and the air ejected from at least one of the multiple first pipes transports the sludge that has been pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber over the dam section to the combustion chamber.

9. A sludge incineration method for an incineration system comprising: a dryer for drying sludge; and an incinerator for incinerating the sludge dried in the dryer, the incinerator having a pyrolysis chamber for further drying and pyrolyzing the sludge dried in the dryer, a combustion chamber for burning the sludge pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber, a post-combustion chamber provided above the pyrolysis chamber for burning gas generated as a result of the pyrolysis of the sludge in the pyrolysis chamber, gas generated as a result of the combustion of the sludge in the combustion chamber, and dried gas discharged by the dryer and from which water vapor has been removed, and a dam section protruding upward between the pyrolysis chamber and the combustion chamber, the pyrolysis chamber having a plurality of first pipes for ejecting air into the pyrolysis chamber at a position lower than an upper end of the dam section, adjusting the amount of the air ejected from each of the plurality of first tubes; A sludge incineration method in which the sludge pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber is transported over the dam section to the combustion chamber by ejecting the air corresponding to the ejection volume from each of the plurality of first pipes.

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