Power supply system and power supply method

Abstract

This will realize an electricity supply with reduced environmental impact at demand units that are smaller than the supply points to which the electricity is supplied. [Solution] A demand prediction unit predicts a predicted demand, which is a predicted value of the power consumption of a demand unit at a prediction time after the current time, using a demand prediction model based on the power usage status of the demand unit to which power is distributed from a power supply point where power is supplied from a distribution facility, and a supply control unit controls the operation of a plurality of power sources including at least one adjustable power source that can adjust the power supply amount according to the operating environment so as to satisfy the target total supply amount and the target supply amount of low environmental load power at the prediction time, and a target setting unit sets the target total supply amount and the target supply amount of low environmental load power so as to satisfy the predicted demand amount such that the ratio of low environmental load power in the demand unit is equal to or greater than a predetermined target rate.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] TECHNICAL FIELD The present embodiment relates to a power supply system and a power supply method. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, the reduction of environmental impact has become an important issue due to the emergence of climate change. In business activities, reducing the environmental impact is often promoted as a way of building a good corporate image. In addition, efforts are being made to popularize solar power generation systems and wind power generation systems, which are renewable energy sources that do not emit carbon dioxide (CO2), the main cause of global warming.

[0003] For example, Patent Document 1 describes a demand client decarbonization management system that enables the electricity demand side to grasp the amount of clean electricity that does not emit carbon dioxide out of the electricity purchased. Patent Document 2 describes a supply and demand management system that manages the supply and demand of electricity in a consumer area that receives electricity from a plurality of power plants, taking into consideration the characteristics of the supplied electricity.

[0004] Furthermore, in order to achieve the decarbonization of electricity worldwide, the international initiative "24 / 7 Carbon Free Energy" (hereinafter "24 / 7 CFE") has been proposed under the leadership of the United Nations. 24 / 7 CFE refers to the supply of 100% carbon-free electricity in accordance with electricity consumption 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. The number of companies participating in 24 / 7 CFE is also increasing. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 6945904 [Patent Document 2] JP 2016-46916 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] However, the supply of renewable energy depends significantly on the environment, such as the weather. Therefore, it is not realistic to always cover all electricity demand with renewable energy. For example, at night or on rainy days, solar power generation cannot be expected, so it becomes necessary to supplement the shortage of electricity with other methods. The present application has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and has as an object to provide a power supply system and a power supply method for realizing power supply with reduced environmental impact at a demand unit to which power is distributed from a power supply point that is the destination of power supply from a power distribution facility. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] A power supply system according to a first aspect includes a plurality of power sources including a plurality of demand units to which power is distributed from a power supply point to which power is supplied from a power distribution facility, an adjustable power source whose power supply amount is adjustable, and a variable power source whose power supply amount is not adjustable; a demand prediction unit that predicts a predicted demand amount, which is a predicted value of the power consumption of the demand unit at a prediction time later than the present time, using a demand prediction model based on the power usage status of each of the demand units; a target setting unit that sets a target total supply amount, which is the sum of target values ​​of the power supply amount from the plurality of power sources, and a target low environmental load power supply amount, which is a target value of the supply amount of low environmental load power, so as to satisfy the predicted demand amount for each of the demand units such that the ratio of low environmental load power is equal to or greater than a predetermined target rate; and a supply control unit that controls the power supply amount from the plurality of power sources so as to satisfy the target total supply amount and the target low environmental load power supply amount at the prediction time, wherein the variable power source includes at least one power source of low environmental load power, and the demand unit includes at least one charging device, and the power usage status of the charging device indicates the charging status of a charged device.

[0008] A power supply method according to a second aspect is an electric power supply method in an electric power supply system including a plurality of demand units to which electric power is distributed from a power supply point to which electric power is supplied from a power distribution facility, and a plurality of power sources including an adjustable power source whose amount of electric power supply can be adjusted and a variable power source whose amount of electric power supply cannot be adjusted, the method including a demand forecasting step in which a demand forecasting unit predicts a predicted demand amount, which is a predicted value of electric power consumption of the demand unit at a prediction time later than the present time, using a demand forecasting model based on an electric power usage status of each of the demand units, and a target setting step in which a ratio of low environmental load electric power for each of the demand units is set to be equal to or higher than a predetermined target rate. a target setting step of setting a target total supply amount, which is the sum of target values ​​of the amount of power supply from the multiple power sources, and a target low environmental load power supply amount, which is a target value of the amount of low environmental load power supply, so as to satisfy the predicted demand amount; and a supply control step of controlling the amount of power supply from the multiple power sources so as to satisfy the target total supply amount and the target low environmental load power supply amount at the predicted time, wherein the variable power source includes at least one power source of low environmental load power, the demand unit includes at least one charging device, and the power usage status of the charging device indicates the charging status of the charged device. Effect of the Invention

[0009] According to the present application, it is possible to realize power supply with reduced environmental impact in supply units that are smaller than the supply points to which the power is supplied. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of a power supply system according to a first embodiment. [Diagram 2] 2 is a schematic block diagram showing an example of a functional configuration of a distribution board according to the first embodiment; FIG. [Diagram 3] 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of a terminal device according to the first embodiment. FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a demand forecast model. [Diagram 5] 4 is a diagram showing an example of a data configuration of usage status information according to the first embodiment; FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a display screen according to the first embodiment. [Figure 7] 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the contribution of elements of input values ​​to a demand forecasting model. FIG. [Figure 8] FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a supply amount prediction model. [Figure 9] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of input values ​​to a supply amount prediction model. [Figure 10] FIG. 11 is an external view showing a first configuration example of a measurement unit according to a second embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement of a display unit. [Figure 12] FIG. 11 is an external view showing a second configuration example of the measurement unit according to the second embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a data configuration of usage status information according to the second embodiment. [Figure 14] FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a modified example according to the second embodiment. [Figure 15] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a mapping table according to the third embodiment. [Figure 16] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of usage status information according to the third embodiment. [Figure 17] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a power distribution configuration according to a third embodiment. [Figure 18] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a display screen according to the third embodiment. [Figure 19] FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a power supply system according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 20] FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram showing an example of a functional configuration of a power supply management system according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 21] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a first example of a display screen according to the fourth embodiment. [Figure 22] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a second example of a display screen according to the fourth embodiment. [Figure 23] FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a power supply system according to a fifth embodiment. [Figure 24]1 is a diagram illustrating an example of changes over time in supply and demand for each power source according to an embodiment of the present application; [Diagram 25] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of data used for controlling a supply amount according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 26] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of control of a target CFE rate according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 27] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of control of a total supply amount according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 28] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a continuation of an operating state according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 29] 1 is a diagram illustrating a dependency relationship between a change in an operating state and a startup process or a shutdown process according to an embodiment of the present application. [Diagram 30] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a continuous period during which operating conditions remain constant according to an embodiment of the present application. [Diagram 31] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a power supply amount constraint according to an embodiment of the present application. [Diagram 32] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a restriction on the number of activations according to an embodiment of the present application. [Diagram 33] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an output change rate limit according to an embodiment of the present application. [Diagram 34] FIG. 2 illustrates a planned shutdown according to an embodiment of the present application. [Diagram 35] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of control of CFE power according to an embodiment of the present application. [Diagram 36] FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] First Embodiment DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First, a power supply system PS according to a first embodiment will be described. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a power supply system PS according to this embodiment. The power supply system PS includes a measurement unit 12, a terminal device 14, a demand prediction unit 22, a power supply management system 30, a power supply system 40, a power transmission and distribution system 50, and a branch point 62.

[0012] Electric power is supplied to each power supply point from a power distribution facility constituting a power transmission and distribution system 50. In the power supply system PS, there are generally many power supply points. In this embodiment, a predicted value of power consumption in the demand unit 64 is predicted as predicted power consumption using a demand prediction model based on the power usage status in the demand unit 64 to which power is distributed from a branch point 62 downstream of the power supply point. The operation of the power source provided in the power supply system 40 is controlled according to the operating environment so as to satisfy the total supply amount of power from the power supply system PS and the target total supply amount of low environmental load power. In addition, the total supply amount and the target total supply amount are set so as to ensure predicted power consumption in the demand unit 64 such that the ratio of low environmental load power is equal to or higher than a predetermined target rate. Power is distributed to the power supply point for the demand unit 64.

[0013] In the following explanation, the case where the environmental load related to the power supply is the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere is mainly considered. In this case, the CFE (Carbon Free Energy) rate is used as the ratio of low environmental load power to the power supplied. In this application, a power source that does not emit carbon dioxide when supplying power may be referred to as a "CFE power source." A power source that does not emit carbon dioxide when supplying power may be referred to as a "non-CFE power source." Power supplied from a CFE power source may be referred to as "CFE power."

[0014] In the power supply system PS, the measurement unit 12, terminal device 14, demand prediction unit 22 and power supply management system 30 can be regarded as an information processing system that is mainly responsible for processing information related to power supply to demand units 64 downstream from the power supply point.

[0015] The power supply management system 30 includes a target setting unit 32 and a supply control unit 34. The power supply management system 30 controls the power supply from a power supply system 40, and can be considered as a supply and demand control system that has a power supply point by a power transmission and distribution system 50 as a supply destination. The power supply management system 30 determines the supply power to the power supply point so as to include the supply power to a demand unit 64. The power supply system 40 and the power transmission and distribution system 50 can be considered as a power system that supplies power to a power supply point.

[0016] The measurement unit 12 measures the power consumption in a demand unit 64. The demand unit 64 is a unit of power consumption downstream of a branch point 62 installed at a power supply point. The demand unit 64 can be, for example, a part of the space of a facility that constitutes the power supply point. Specific examples of the demand unit 64 will be described later. The measurement unit 12 transmits the measured actual value of power consumption as the actual power consumption to the terminal device 14 and the demand forecasting unit 22 via wired or wireless communication. The measurement unit 12 is, for example, a power meter (which can be a smart meter). Specific examples of the measurement unit 12 will be described later.

[0017] The terminal device 14 collects information related to the power usage status in the demand unit 64. The collected information includes the actual power consumption notified from the measurement unit 12, as well as some or all of the activity information and facility utilization information in the demand unit 64. The terminal device 14 notifies the demand forecasting unit 22 of the collected information. The power usage status will be described later. The terminal device 14 configures a display screen that displays the power supply information. The terminal device 14 displays the configured display screen on the display unit. The power supply information includes the amount of power supplied per unit of demand (sometimes referred to as "supplied power" in this application) and the CFE rate.

[0018] The demand prediction unit 22 predicts, as a predicted demand amount, a predicted value of the amount of power consumption in a demand unit 64 at a prediction time later than the present time, based on the power usage situation in the demand unit 64, using the trained demand prediction model. The demand prediction unit 22 notifies the target setting unit 32 of the predicted demand amount. The demand prediction unit 22 can configure an input value indicating the power usage situation, including the actual power consumption notified from the measurement unit 12, the activity information and usage information notified from the terminal device 14, and part or all of the weather information notified from a weather information site (not shown) via a communication network.

[0019] The target setting unit 32 sets a target total supply amount of power and a target supply amount of CFE power from the power supply system 40 at the predicted time so as to satisfy a predicted demand amount that is equal to or exceeds a predetermined CFE rate (sometimes referred to as a "target CFE rate" in this application) that targets a CFE rate for a demand unit. The target setting unit 32 determines, as the target total supply amount, a value that is equal to or exceeds the sum of the predicted demand amounts for each power supply point in the service area of ​​the power supply system PS. The target setting unit 32 calculates, for example, the sum of the predicted demand amounts (i.e., the predicted total demand amount) as the target total supply amount, or by multiplying the predicted total demand amount by a predetermined coefficient of 1 or more. The target setting unit 32 sets, as the target supply amount of CFE power, a value that is equal to or exceeds the sum of the demand amounts of CFE power among the predicted demand amounts for each power supply point. The target setting unit 32 calculates the target supply amount of CFE power by, for example, setting the sum of the predicted demand amounts of CFE power as the target supply amount of CFE power, or by multiplying the sum of the predicted demand amounts of CFE power by a predetermined coefficient of 1 or more. The target setting unit 32 notifies the supply control unit 34 of the set target total supply amount and the set target supply amount of CFE power.

[0020] The demand for CFE power at each demand unit is calculated by multiplying the predicted demand by the CFE rate. There are CFE-set points where the CFE rate or demand for CFE power is set, and CFE-non-set points where the CFE rate or demand for CFE power is not set. For such CFE-non-set points, the demand for CFE power is set to a value obtained by apportioning the total remaining amount of CFE power obtained by subtracting the total supply of CFE power at the CFE-set point from the total supply of CFE power, based on the ratio of the demand at the CFE-non-set point to the total demand for power. The predicted demand for power at a power supply point to which a demand unit 64 is the supply destination of power includes the predicted demand for the demand unit 64.

[0021] Supply control unit 34 controls the operation of the power sources constituting power supply system 40 in accordance with the operating environment so that the total supply amount of power supplied from power supply system 40 satisfies the target total supply amount at the predicted time, and the total supply amount of CFE power in power supply system 40 satisfies the target supply amount of CFE power. Supply control unit 34 is notified of the supply amount of power from each power source constituting power supply system 40 as an actual supply amount.

[0022] The supply control unit 34 predicts the predicted supply amount for each variable power source as an output value at the prediction time based on input values ​​indicating meteorological information and actual supply amounts, using preset power source basic information and a learned supply amount prediction model. The meteorological information and actual supply amounts are information that quantitatively indicate the operating environment of the power sources that make up the power source system 40. The supply control unit 34 may notify the terminal device 14 of the predicted supply amount predicted for each power source. The terminal device 14 can use the predicted supply amount notified by the supply control unit 34 to configure a display screen (described later). For adjustable power sources, the supply control unit 34 applies a target supply amount (described later) as the predicted supply amount.

[0023] The supply control unit 34 determines the total supply amount as the sum of the power supply amount of each adjustable power source and the predicted supply amount of each power source including the variable power source, and determines (optimizes) the target supply amount of each adjustable power source constituting the power supply system 40 so that the power supply cost is as low as possible under the constraints that the total supply amount is equal to or greater than the target total supply amount and the sum of the CFE power supply amounts of each CFE power source is equal to or greater than the target supply amount of CFE power. The power supply cost is not necessarily limited to the cost of power supply. The power supply cost may be other indicators indicating the magnitude of the load on the power supply, such as the amount of environmental load substances discharged from each power source and the total amount of loss from each power source to each power supply point, or a weighted sum of a plurality of such indicators. The supply control unit 34 notifies the adjustable power source of the target supply amount determined for that adjustable power source.

[0024] The power supply management system 30 has a power distribution facility (not shown) that distributes the power supplied from the power supply system 40 so as to satisfy the predicted demand for each power supply point. A known method is used for controlling the power distribution to each power supply point. In the power distribution control, it is sufficient to set the operating parameters of the devices constituting the power distribution facility so that the power distribution is equal to or exceeds the predicted demand for each power supply point. In this embodiment, it is sufficient for the power supply management system 30 to distribute power to each power supply point, and it is not necessary to control the power distribution to the demand unit 64 downstream of the power supply point.

[0025] The power supply system 40 includes a plurality of power supplies. A power supply is a device or facility capable of supplying electric power. Each power supply is electrically connected to the power transmission and distribution system 50 and supplies electric power. The supply of electricity includes not only the generation of electricity but also the discharge of electricity stored in a power source. The charging of a storage battery can also be considered as a negative power supply. The consumption of electricity supplied from another power source in the pumping of water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir in a pumped storage power plant can also be considered as a negative power supply.

[0026] Power sources are classified based on the characteristics, scale, and other factors of the environmental load associated with the supply of electricity. Power sources are classified, for example, into adjustable power sources, which can adjust the amount of power supply through control, and variable power sources, which cannot adjust the amount of supply. Adjustable power sources include thermal power plants, including hydrogen power plants, pumped storage power plants, and storage batteries. Variable power sources include solar power generation systems and wind power generation systems. The amount of electricity supplied by weather-based power sources, such as solar power generation systems and wind power generation systems, depends on the weather.

[0027] In addition, power sources are classified as non-CFE or not depending on whether they emit CO2 when supplying electricity. CFE power sources include, for example, solar power generation systems, wind power generation systems, hydroelectric power plants, and storage batteries. Power plants that use only hydrogen as fuel are classified as CFE power sources.

[0028] In this embodiment, the power supply system 40 includes at least one CFE power supply that is a variable power supply. The variable power supplies may also include non-CFE power supplies. The adjustable power supply adjusts the amount of power it supplies, using the target supply amount notified by the supply control unit 34 as a control target. Each power source is provided with a power meter for measuring the amount of power it supplies. The power system notifies the measured supply amount to the supply control unit 34 as the actual supply amount. As described above, the actual supply amount is used to control the target supply amount of power from the adjustable power source.

[0029] The power transmission and distribution system 50 distributes the power supplied from the power supply system 40 to each power supply point. The power transmission and distribution system 50 has a power grid including a plurality of substation facilities, a plurality of distribution facilities, a power transmission line connecting the power source and the substation facilities, and a power distribution line connecting the substation facilities and the power distribution facilities. The substation facilities and the power distribution facilities are collectively referred to as "power distribution facilities, etc." The power grid may be configured to include a plurality of hierarchical levels (hierarchical). Each hierarchical level has a plurality of power distribution facilities, etc. as grids, and has power lines connecting grids belonging to adjacent hierarchical levels and power lines connecting a plurality of grids included in each hierarchical level.

[0030] Therefore, the demand unit 64 is virtually supplied with electricity from the transmission and distribution system 50 via the power supply point, with the CFE rate set to a predetermined target CFE rate or higher and with a supply volume that satisfies the predicted demand predicted based on the power usage status. The power supply point may be installed in, for example, a building, structure, or other facility. In this case, the demand unit 64 is a specific area that is a part of the power supply point. If the power supply point is a building, the demand unit 64 may be an area that is a part of the building, such as a floor, a room, or a section. If the power supply point is a unit of transportation (such as a train or an airplane), the demand unit 64 may be a car, a deck, a compartment, a seat, or the like that is a part of the building. 2, a distribution board 62a is installed as a power supply point. The distribution board 62a is an example of a branch point 62 that distributes the power distributed from the power transmission and distribution system 50 to smaller areas. A demand unit 64 is one of the specific areas to which the power is distributed.

[0031] Next, a functional configuration example of the distribution board 62a according to this embodiment will be described. Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram showing a functional configuration example of the distribution board 62a according to this embodiment. The distribution board 62a includes a main breaker 62m, a ground fault circuit interrupter 62l, and a branch breaker 62p. The number of the branch breakers 62p is usually more than one. The main breaker 62m is connected between the power transmission and distribution system 50 and the earth leakage breaker 62l. The main breaker 62m cuts off the connection between the power transmission and distribution system 50 and the earth leakage breaker 62l when the current supplied from the power transmission and distribution system 50 using the power line exceeds a predetermined rated current.

[0032] The earth leakage circuit breaker 62l is connected between the main breaker 62m and the branch breaker 62p. When an electric leakage is detected, the earth leakage circuit breaker 62l cuts off the connection between the main breaker 62m and the branch breaker 62p. The earth leakage circuit breaker 62l measures a leakage current in the power line connected to the branch breaker 62p, and can determine the presence or absence of an electric leakage depending on whether the measured leakage current is equal to or greater than a predetermined determination value.

[0033] The branch breaker 62p is connected between the earth leakage breaker 62l and the distribution destination. When the current supplied to the distribution destination exceeds a predetermined rated current for a certain period of time or more, the branch breaker 62p cuts off the connection between the earth leakage breaker 62l and the distribution destination. An outlet (power outlet) is installed in the demand unit 64 that is the distribution destination, and is connected to the branch breaker 62p by a power line. The number of outlets installed in each demand unit 64 is not necessarily limited to one, but can be multiple.

[0034] In the example of FIG. 2, a power meter 12a is installed between a branch breaker 62p having a demand unit 64 as a distribution destination. The power meter 12a corresponds to an example of the measurement unit 12. The power meter 12a includes a power sensor and an input / output interface. The power sensor measures the power flowing through the power line connecting the branch breaker 62p and the demand unit 64. The measured power corresponds to the power consumption in the demand unit 64. The input / output interface transmits the power measured by the power sensor to the terminal device 14 and the demand forecasting unit 22 wirelessly or via a wired connection. The power meter 12a may include multiple power sensors, each capable of measuring the power consumption in a different demand unit 64.

[0035] By arranging the power meter 12a next to the distribution board 62a, the power consumption at the distribution destination demand unit 64 can be easily obtained. Even if a demand unit 64 is set for each distribution destination across multiple different areas or locations, it is convenient in that the power consumption for each demand unit 64 can be obtained all at once. Also, such an arrangement is convenient for performing maintenance together with the distribution board 62a.

[0036] Next, a functional configuration example of the terminal device 14 according to this embodiment will be described. Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram showing a functional configuration example of the terminal device 14 according to this embodiment. The terminal device 14 is configured as, for example, an information processing device having a general-purpose computer system. The terminal device 14 may be realized in any form, such as a personal computer, a tablet terminal device, or a mobile phone. The terminal device 14 may be configured as a dedicated monitoring device. In this case, the terminal device 14 may be integrally provided with the measuring unit 12 and configured as a single electronic device.

[0037] The terminal device 14 includes a control unit 142 , a storage unit 144 , a display unit 146 , an operation input unit 148 , and an input / output unit 150 . The control unit 142 executes various processes for providing the functions of the terminal device 14. The functions of the control unit 142 can be realized by a computer system. The control unit 142 includes a setting processing unit 142a and an output processing unit 142b. The setting processing unit 142a displays a predetermined setting screen on the display unit 146, and sets various setting information according to operation information input from the operation input unit 148. The setting information includes some or all of a location ID (identifier) ​​indicating an area corresponding to the demand unit 64, activity information indicating activity in the demand unit 64, usage information related to the use of facilities related to the demand unit 64, and a network address of a weather information site from which weather information is obtained. The setting processing unit 142a associates the location ID with other setting information and notifies the demand forecasting unit 22 of the association.

[0038] The target CFE rate of the power supply to the demand unit 64 may be, but is not limited to, a preset fixed value (e.g., 100%). The setting processing unit 142a may set the target CFE rate according to operation information input from the operation input unit 148. The control unit 142 associates the set target CFE rate with the location ID of the demand unit 64 and notifies the target setting unit 32. Furthermore, the setting processing unit 142a may be capable of setting the CFE power application period for the demand unit 64 according to operation information input from the operation input unit 148. The control unit 142 associates the set CFE power application period with the location ID of the demand unit 64 and notifies the target setting unit 32 of the same.

[0039] The CFE power application period refers to a period during which the supply of CFE power with a CFE rate equal to or higher than the target CFE rate is applied. In other words, the CFE power application period is a period during which the target setting unit 32 sets a target supply amount of CFE power to the demand unit 64 at each predicted time within that period. When the application period is set according to operation information, the target supply amount of CFE power to the demand unit 64 is not set outside the CFE power application period. As a result, the CFE rate of the supply power supplied to the demand unit 64 is no longer guaranteed.

[0040] The output processing unit 142b may configure a display screen showing power supply information to the demand unit 64. The output processing unit 142b causes the configured display screen to be displayed on the display unit 146. The power supply information includes an actual value of the supplied power to the demand unit 64 and an actual value of the CFE rate. The output processing unit 142b, for example, calculates an actual value of the supplied power (sometimes referred to as "actual supplied power" in this application) by compensating for attenuation accompanying transmission from each power source to the actual power consumption notified from the measurement unit 12. The output processing unit 142b can calculate the actual supplied power by dividing the actual power consumption by a predetermined attenuation rate. On the other hand, the output processing unit 142b can determine the actual value of the CFE rate for the demand unit 64 (sometimes referred to as the "actual CFE rate" in this application) to be the product obtained by multiplying a predetermined target CFE rate by the ratio of the actual supply amount of CFE power to the target supply amount of CFE power.

[0041] On the other hand, the output processing unit 142b can set the actual value of the CFE rate for the demand unit 64 to a value obtained by multiplying the target CFE rate for the demand unit 64 by the ratio of the actual supply amount of CFE power to the target supply amount of CFE power notified by the target setting unit 32. The actual supply amount of CFE power corresponds to the sum of the supply amounts of CFE power supplied from the CFE power sources. The CFE power from each CFE power source is notified via the supply control unit 34. Note that when the obtained CFE rate (actual value) exceeds 100%, the output processing unit 142b may set the CFE rate (actual value) for the demand unit 64 to 100%.

[0042] The storage unit 144 temporarily or non-temporarily stores data used or generated by the control unit 142. The storage unit 144 includes a storage medium such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) or a RAM (Random Access Memory). The storage unit 144 stores, for example, the above-mentioned setting screen, display screen templates, power supply information, and usage status information. The display unit 146 displays various display information in accordance with the control of the control unit 142. The display unit 146 displays, for example, the above-mentioned setting screen, setting information, etc. The display unit 146 may be, for example, any of an LED (Light Emitting Diode) display, an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) display, etc.

[0043] The operation input unit 148 receives a user operation and outputs operation information corresponding to the received operation to the control unit 142. The operation input unit 148 is an input device such as a touch sensor, a mouse, or a keyboard. The input / output unit 150 inputs and outputs various data to and from a device separate from the terminal device 14 via wired or wireless communication.

[0044] The computer system of the terminal device 14 downloads an application program (sometimes referred to as an "app" in this application) from a predetermined distribution server connected to the communication network, and executes the app to realize the functions of the terminal device 14. The functions of the terminal device 14 may also be realized by executing a predetermined application program. It should be noted that the display unit 146 and the operation input unit 148 may be omitted in part or in whole from the terminal device 14 as long as they can be connected wirelessly or via a wire to input and output data.

[0045] Next, a description will be given of an example of a demand prediction model related to the demand prediction unit 22. Fig. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a demand prediction model. The demand forecasting model is a mathematical model configured for each demand unit 64 and used to calculate predicted power consumption as an output value from an input value indicating usage information in the inference stage. The demand forecasting unit 22 learns the demand forecasting model using training data. The training data includes a plurality of data sets. Each data set includes input values ​​(explanatory variables) indicating usage information at a point in time in the past and actual power consumption (objective variable) at that time, and these are associated with each other. In the learning stage, the demand forecasting unit 22 searches for a parameter set that makes the predicted value calculated from the input value using the demand forecasting model more approximate to the output value.

[0046] The demand forecasting unit 22 applies a machine learning model such as a decision tree, a random forest, or a neural network as a demand forecasting model. As an index value indicating the degree of approximation of a predicted value to an output value, any one of L2 norm, cross entropy, or a weighted sum of these is applied. In learning the demand learning model, a method such as a steepest descent method or a random search method is applied. The demand forecasting unit 22 repeats the process of searching for a parameter set until the magnitude of the difference between the predicted value and the output value becomes equal to or less than a certain convergence reference value. The demand forecasting unit 22 may verify whether or not the error between the predicted value and the output value for the input value is less than a predetermined error reference value by using test data consisting of multiple existing data sets separate from the training data through cross validation. The demand forecasting unit 22 applies the parameter set that makes the error less than the error reference value through cross validation to the inference of the actual power consumption.

[0047] Next, an example of the data configuration of the usage information expressed as an input value will be described. Fig. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the data configuration of the usage information according to this embodiment. The usage information includes a location ID, a business / production schedule, weather information, and actual demand volume, and these are associated with each other. The location ID is identification information that specifies an area as a demand unit 64. The business / production schedule is an example of activity information by demanders in the demand unit 64 and utilization information of facilities in the demand unit 64. The business calendar represents activity information. The business calendar includes information such as whether or not there is business on each day, business hours on business days, the duration required for each task during business hours, their locations, participants, etc. The facility usage schedule includes information such as the usage period for each facility in the demand unit 64 . The on-site PV specifications indicate whether or not an on-site PV (Photovoltaic) power source is used in the demand unit 64, and the specifications of the on-site PV power source if it is used. An on-site PV power source is a solar power generation system installed by a power supply company at the power supply point. The location ID and the business / production schedule can be set from the setting processing unit 142 a of the terminal device 14 .

[0048] The weather information includes, for example, all or some of information such as the amount of solar radiation, temperature, humidity, wind direction and speed, outdoor temperature, weather, precipitation and snowfall, etc. The weather information can be obtained from a weather information site. The sales / production schedule and weather information may include, in addition to the schedule at the predicted time, the schedule for the period before and after the predicted time, and the actual results up to the latest time. The actual demand amount indicates the actual power consumption for each fixed period of time. The actual demand amount indicates a 30-minute integrated demand amount, a derived amount, and an actual CFE rate. The 30-minute integrated demand amount is an integral value obtained by integrating the actual power consumption for each 30 minutes. The actual power consumption is notified from the measurement unit 12. The derived amount may include the actual value of the previous day, a moving average value, etc. The demand forecasting unit 22 can apply the actual CFE rate (described later) calculated and notified in the output processing unit 142b of the terminal device 14.

[0049] The demand prediction unit 22 may simultaneously execute a learning process of sequentially constructing training data and learning a demand prediction model using the constructed training data, and a calculation process of calculating predicted power consumption from usage status information using the demand prediction model obtained by learning. In this case, the execution of the learning process and the inference process may be synchronous or asynchronous. Also, the demand prediction unit 22 may execute the inference process using a demand prediction model learned in another device, without executing the learning process.

[0050] Next, an example of a display screen according to this embodiment will be described below. Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating a display screen Im02 according to this embodiment. The display screen Im02 shows annual indicators and supply performance related to the power supply to the demand unit 64. In the column of annual indicators, the supply amount, the CFE achievement amount, and the annual CO2 reduction amount are shown. The supply volume column shows the amount of electricity supplied up to the latest point in time and how it compares to the same period last year. The output processing unit 142b of the terminal device 14 can obtain the amount of power supply by integrating the power supply of the demand unit 64 over the one year period up to the latest point in time. The CFE achievement column shows the CFE power supply amount supplied to the demand unit 64 up to the latest time point and the CFE achievement rate. The CFE achievement rate shows the ratio of the CFE power amount up to the latest time point to the initially planned CFE power amount.

[0051] The annual CO2 reduction column shows the annual CO2 reduction, comparison with normal electricity, and emissions. The annual CO2 reduction shows the reduction in CO2 emissions that would be emitted assuming that CFE electricity was supplied over the year up to the latest point in time and that it was covered by normal electricity. The comparison with normal electricity shows the reduction rate from the CO2 emissions that would be emitted from the supply of normal electricity. Normal electricity is supplied assuming that the supply of CFE electricity that is equal to or higher than the target CFE rate at demand unit 64 is not applied.

[0052] For example, the output processing unit 142b determines the amount of CO2 emissions for each non-CFE power source by multiplying the integrated value obtained by integrating the amount of power supply for each non-CFE power source notified by the supply control unit 34 from among the actual supply power over one year up to the latest time by a CO2 emission coefficient corresponding to the type of power source. The output processing unit 142b can then determine the sum of the CO2 emissions for each non-CFE power source as the amount of CO2 emissions for normal power. By using a similar method, the output processing unit 142b can estimate the amount of CO2 emissions in that case based on the amount of power supply for each non-CFE power source estimated when applying the supply of CFE power according to this embodiment.

[0053] The emission column shows the annual CO2 emissions related to the supply of CFE power according to this embodiment and the ratio of annual CO2 emissions to the annual CO2 reduction. In the example shown, the emissions do not become completely zero. This is because the supply of CFE power does not meet the target supply amount due to weather conditions, etc., and is supplemented by non-CFE power. The column for actual supply shows the amount of electricity supplied per hour for each demand unit 64, the component ratio of each power source type, the CO2 emission coefficient, and the weather. Examples of power source types are solar power generation, hydrogen-fired power generation, and offshore wind power generation. The weather is represented by a stylized mark. The illustrated CO2 emission coefficient is obtained by dividing the estimated CO2 emissions for the demand unit 64 by the actual supply amount.

[0054] The control unit 142 of the terminal device 14 may include a configuration related to the demand unit 64 of the demand forecasting unit 22 and may form part of the function of the terminal device 14. In that case, the demand forecasting unit 22 does not need to be provided separately from the terminal device 14. The output processing unit 142b may construct a display screen including a model diagram showing the hierarchical structure of the demand forecasting model and the learned parameters assigned to each of the nodes that form the hierarchical structure as well as the reference relationships (links) between the nodes, and display the screen on the display unit 146. The demand forecasting unit 22 may derive the contribution of each element of the input value to the predicted power consumption, which is the output value, from the trained demand forecasting model (feature amount analysis). The demand forecasting unit 22 can use statistics such as Local Interpretable Mode-agnostic Explanations (LME) and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) as the index value of the contribution degree.

[0055] The demand prediction unit 22 may learn a demand prediction model using training data including input values ​​including elements whose contribution rates are equal to or greater than the standard contribution rate, excluding elements whose contribution rates are less than a certain standard contribution rate. The demand prediction unit 22 may also use the learned demand prediction model to infer output values ​​corresponding to input values ​​including elements whose contribution rates are equal to or greater than the standard contribution rate.

[0056] The output processing unit 142b may configure a display screen including a diagram showing the contribution degree calculated for each element of the input value by the demand forecasting unit 22, and display the configured display screen on the display unit 146. In the example of FIG. 7, the contribution degree calculated for each element of the input value is shown in descending order of contribution degree. The vertical axis shows elements of the usage status information corresponding to each element of the input value as factors. The horizontal axis shows the contribution degree. A user who views the display screen can immediately grasp the factors that significantly affect the predicted power consumption.

[0057] Next, a description will be given of an example of the configuration of a supply amount prediction model related to the supply control unit 34. Fig. 8 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of the supply amount prediction model. The supply forecast model is a mathematical model that is configured for the entire power supply system PS and is used in the inference stage to calculate the predicted supply volume for each adjustable power source as an output value from input values ​​including meteorological information, actual supply volume, and power source basic information. Power source basic information is information that indicates the power supply capacity characteristics of a power source.

[0058] The supply control unit 34 learns the supply volume prediction model using training data separate from the learning of the demand prediction model. Each data set included in the training data includes input values ​​(explanatory variables) including weather information, actual supply volume, and basic power source information at a past point in time, and actual power consumption (objective variable) at that time, and these are associated with each other. In the learning stage, the supply control unit 34 searches for a parameter set that makes the predicted value calculated from the input value using the demand prediction model more approximate to the output value. The supply control unit 34 repeats the process of searching for a parameter set until the magnitude of the difference between the predicted value and the output value becomes equal to or less than a certain convergence reference value.

[0059] The weather information may differ for each power source. This is because the installation location of each power source may differ. The input values ​​entered into the demand forecasting model may be configured separately for each power source. FIG. 9 shows information elements of the input values, taking a solar power generation system as an example of a power source. The information elements include weather information, actual power generation, and basic information on the power plant, and are associated with a power source ID. The power source ID is identification information for identifying each individual power source. The weather information has items similar to those exemplified in FIG. 5. The weather information may be obtained from a weather information site. The actual power generation corresponds to the actual supply amount. The actual power generation is notified to the supply control unit 34 from each power source.

[0060] The power plant basic information is an example of power source basic information, and the power plant basic information includes loading capacity, installation orientation, panel angle, and performance information. These indicate the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic power generation system. The power source basic information may include different items for different types of power sources. For example, the power source basic information for a wind power generation system may include the wind turbine type, rated wind speed, rotor rotation speed, rated capacity, etc.

[0061] The supply control unit 34 may simultaneously execute a learning process in which training data is sequentially constructed and a supply amount prediction model is learned using the constructed training data, and an inference process in which predicted power consumption is calculated from meteorological information, actual power generation, and basic information about the power plant using the supply amount prediction model obtained by learning. In this case, the execution of the learning process and the inference process may be synchronous or asynchronous. The supply control unit 34 may also execute the inference process using a supply amount prediction model learned in another device without executing the learning process.

[0062] As described above, in this embodiment, the demand prediction unit 22 predicts predicted power consumption, which is a predicted value of the power consumption of the demand unit 64 at a prediction time later than the current time, using a demand prediction model based on the power usage status of the demand unit 64 to which power is distributed from a power supply point to which power is supplied from a power distribution facility constituting the power transmission and distribution system 50. The supply control unit 34 controls the operation of the adjustable power source according to the operating environment so that the total demand at the prediction time is satisfied and the total supply of power that does not involve an environmental load among the power supplied from the power supply system 40 having a plurality of power sources is equal to or greater than the target supply at the prediction time. The target setting unit 32 sets the total demand and the target supply so that predicted power consumption is ensured such that the ratio of low environmental load power that does not involve an environmental load in the demand unit 64 is equal to or greater than a predetermined target rate. Then, the CFE rate is used as the ratio and target rate of low environmental load power, and the demand unit 64 is an area such as a floor, a room, or a floor of a building, as an example.

[0063] With this configuration, power supply to the demand unit 64 is controlled so that the demand amount predicted based on the usage status is satisfied and the CFE rate is equal to or higher than a predetermined target CFE rate. A CFE rate for the supplied power is set for each demand unit 64, which is finer than the power supply point, and power supply is controlled so as to satisfy the set target CFE rate. Therefore, with a limited power supply capacity, it is possible to improve the possibility of achieving the target CFE rate for the demand unit 64 that is more local than the power supply point. In turn, it is possible to confirm the achievement of the target CFE rate by the consumer.

[0064] Furthermore, the target setting unit 32 may set the total supply amount of power and the supply amount of CFE power so as to satisfy the predicted demand amount for the demand unit 64 in a specific application period notified by the terminal device 14. With this configuration, the power supply to the demand unit 64 for a specific application period is controlled so that the demand amount predicted based on the usage status is met and the CFE rate is equal to or higher than a predetermined target CFE rate. Therefore, it is possible to improve the possibility of achieving the target CFE rate for the demand unit 64 for a limited period of time under the total demand amount of power that varies with time. For example, opportunities to appeal for the supply and demand of CFE power for events with limited locations and periods, such as sales promotion sales, exhibitions, and festivals, can be set more flexibly.

[0065] <Second embodiment> Next, a second embodiment will be described. In the following description, the differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described, and the commonalities with the first embodiment will be referred to unless otherwise specified. In this embodiment, a case where the demand unit 64 to which power is distributed from a power supply point is an individual device is taken as an example.

[0066] Fig. 10 is an external view showing a first configuration example of a measurement unit according to the present embodiment. Fig. 10 shows a smart plug 12b as another example of the measurement unit. The smart plug 12b has a power plug on its bottom surface and a power socket on its surface. The power plug can be directly fitted to the outlet, and the power socket can be fitted to the power plug of a device with a demand unit of 64 at any time. The smart plug 12b has a built-in power sensor and an input / output interface (not shown). When the power plug of the smart plug 12b is fitted to the outlet and the power plug of another device serving as a load is fitted to the power socket of the smart plug 12b, power is supplied to the device from the power supply point via the outlet and the smart plug 12b. The power sensor measures the actual power consumption of the device from the power flowing to the power sensor and notifies the input / output interface of the measured actual power consumption. The input / output interface notifies the demand forecasting unit 22 of the measured actual power consumption via wired or wireless communication.

[0067] The smart plug 12b may be connected to the terminal device 14 so as to be capable of inputting and outputting, or may be configured as a part of the terminal device 14. For example, the smart plug 12b may have a computer system and realize the function of the control unit of the terminal device 14. In the example of Fig. 13, the display unit 146b is disposed in a position adjacent to the outlet on the wall. With this configuration, the smart plug 12b can obtain the actual power consumption of the device in the demand unit 64 without requiring any special construction work.

[0068] Fig. 12 is an external view showing a second configuration example of the measuring section according to the present embodiment. Fig. 12 shows a clamp meter 12c as yet another example of the measuring section. The clamp meter 12c includes a clamp sensor, a measurement circuit, and an input / output interface. The clamp sensor includes a pair of sensor members formed facing each other in a horseshoe shape, and the sensor members can be opened and closed by applying an external force. The measurement circuit measures the power flowing through the power line while the clamp sensor is clamping the power line. The input / output interface outputs the measured power as actual power consumption to the demand forecasting unit 22 via wire or wirelessly. In this way, the clamp meter 12c can non-invasively obtain actual power consumption for each wiring unit, with the device to which the wiring is directed as the demand unit 64. The device to which the wiring is directed may be an electric device (for example, a PC, a tablet terminal device, or a mobile phone) that is installed arbitrarily. Furthermore, if the clamp meter can be made smaller, it will also be possible to obtain actual power consumption of a specific component (for example, an embedded circuit) to which the wiring is directed in a certain device.

[0069] In this embodiment, instead of a location ID, an equipment ID is used to identify each demand unit 64. The usage status information shown in Fig. 13 includes equipment IDs, business / production schedules, weather information, and demand volume results, and these are associated with each other. By using the equipment ID, the process for each equipment as the demand unit 64 can be easily identified.

[0070] The measuring units (e.g., power meter 12a, smart plug 12b, clamp meter 12c) according to the present embodiment described above are installed on power lines that supply power from facilities related to a power supply point to specific devices. Therefore, the devices to which power is supplied can be set as demand units 64. Accordingly, power supply that satisfies the target CFE rate and demand can be subdivided and executed on a device-by-device basis. This increases the possibility of achieving the target CFE rate for a more localized demand unit 64.

[0071] In the above example, the measurement unit mainly measures the power consumption for each power line that distributes power to the demand unit 64, but this is not limited to the above. When an area (application area) to be applied as the demand unit 64 is set in advance, the actual power consumption in the demand unit 64 may be estimated by apportionment metering based on the actual power consumption at the power supply point. Apportionment metering is a method permitted by Article 10 of the Measurement Act. In the example of FIG. 14, a power meter 12a is installed in a distribution board 62s that distributes power supplied from the power transmission and distribution system 50 to the power supply point. The power meter 12a monitors the power flowing from the distribution board 62s through the power lines installed at the power supply point, and calculates the actual power consumption at the power supply point as the total demand P total The terminal device 14 measures the total demand P total Let S be the area of ​​the power supply point that has been set in advance. total Demand for 64s of floor space S i Ratio of S i / S total can be estimated as the actual power consumption in the demand unit 64s. The applicable area may be a part of the space to which power is supplied, such as a room, a section, or a partition. In this case, an area ID for identifying the area may be used instead of an equipment ID as identification information for identifying the demand unit 64s. Therefore, even if the demand unit 64 is defined by apportionment metering based on the exclusive area without depending on a specific equipment or wiring, power supply that satisfies the target CFE rate is realized.

[0072] <Third embodiment> Next, a third embodiment will be described. In the following description, differences from the above-described embodiment will be mainly described, and the description of the above-described embodiment will be used for commonalities unless otherwise specified. In this embodiment, the demand unit 64 to which power is distributed from the power supply point is an individual consumer. The consumer is not limited to a natural person or a corporation, but may be a group of people with a certain purpose, that is, an association (group, organization).

[0073] In this embodiment, each demand unit 64 is associated with one or two or more secondary demand units. Each secondary demand unit can be an area according to the first embodiment or an appliance according to the second embodiment. That is, the demand unit 64 is associated with two or more appliances, two or more areas, or a set of one or more appliances and one or more areas, which are more finely divided than a normal demand unit. The demand forecasting unit 22 can, for example, refer to a mapping table indicating the association between the preset demand unit 64 and the secondary demand unit, and specify the demand unit corresponding to the secondary demand unit related to the acquired usage status information.

[0074] Fig. 15 is a diagram illustrating a mapping table according to this embodiment. The mapping table shows the correspondence between user IDs indicating demand units and device IDs indicating secondary demand units. In the example of Fig. 15, one user ID is associated with four device IDs (device ID1 to device ID4). For example, the user ID corresponding to device ID3 is identified by referring to the mapping table.

[0075] The demand forecasting unit 22 aggregates the usage status information for each secondary demand unit for each common demand unit. The demand forecasting unit 22 can avoid repetition by leaving one piece of common information between the secondary demand units among the element information of the usage status information and deleting the other common information. The aggregated usage status information is used to estimate the predicted power consumption. Fig. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of the usage status information according to this embodiment. Of the usage status information shown in Fig. 15, the sales / production schedule and weather information are common to device ID 1 to device ID 4. On the other hand, the sales / production schedule and weather information are different between device ID 1 to device ID 4, so they are listed separately.

[0076] 16, the demand amount actual value may be set for each device, and the demand forecasting unit 22 may apply each demand amount actual value to the inference process or the learning process as an element of a group of input values, but is not limited to this. The demand forecasting unit 22 may set the sum of the 30-minute accumulated demand amount / derived amount for each device as the actual 30-minute accumulated demand amount / derived amount for the demand unit 64, and calculate the weighted average value of the CFE rate for each device as the actual CFE rate for the demand unit 64. The demand forecasting unit 22 may apply the demand amount actual value including the calculated actual 30-minute accumulated demand amount / derived amount and the actual CFE rate to the inference process or the learning process as an element of a group of input values.

[0077] FIG. 17 is a diagram showing another example of a power distribution configuration at a power supply point according to the present embodiment. In the illustrated example, a business entity that occupies a specific floor of an office building is a demand unit 64. The business entity has concluded a contract to supply environmentally friendly power to some rooms on the occupied floor as secondary demand units 66x and 66y, and to supply normal power to the remaining rooms. Power supplied from the power supply system 40 is distributed to each room on the occupied floor, including the secondary demand units 66x and 66y, via a distribution board 62x that serves as a power supply unit. The measurement unit 12x of the business entity measures the actual power consumption as the demand amount actual in each room, and notifies the demand prediction unit 22 of the measured actual power consumption. The terminal device 14x of the business entity notifies the demand prediction unit 22 of information including the power usage status of each room by the business entity. The demand prediction unit 22 estimates the predicted power consumption (predicted demand) based on the usage status information including the demand amount actual using the above-mentioned demand prediction model, and notifies the target setting unit 32 of the estimated predicted power consumption. The power supply control unit 34 notifies the terminal device 14x of power supply information including the predicted supply amount.

[0078] The output processing unit 142b of the terminal device 14x can configure a display screen that displays power supply information related to a specific secondary demand unit instead of the demand unit 64. Next, an example of the display screen according to this embodiment will be described. FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a display screen Im12 according to the present embodiment. The display screen Im12 displays a header at the top in addition to the annual index and supply performance. The header includes the consumer's company name, the contract plan name "Point CFE100", the displayed base name, and a language switching button. The displayed base name can be selected from one or more bases related to the consumer who is a contracting party, according to a user operation. In the illustrated example, "XXX Building, 7th Floor" is selected. The selectable base corresponds to the secondary demand unit, and the annual index and supply performance related to the selected base are displayed. The language switching menu allows the user to select either Japanese "JP" or English "EN" as the language for the character strings that compose the display screen. In the illustrated example, Japanese is selected.

[0079] The left center section of the display screen Im12 shows a simplified diagram of a power transmission and distribution system 50 that supplies power from individual power sources to a selected secondary demand unit. The diagram includes icons showing the power sources and secondary demand units for each power source type. The component ratio of each power source type in the power supply at that time and "total green power supply 100%" as the CFE rate for the secondary demand unit at that time are shown in association with each icon. The right middle section of the display screen Im12 shows the cumulative CO2 reduction for that day due to the consumption of CFE electricity in the selected secondary demand unit. The cumulative CO2 reduction is explained by converting the cumulative CO2 reduction into the number of cedar trees that would be obtained by averagely absorbing CO2 through photosynthesis per year, along with an illustration showing the concept.

[0080] As described above, in this embodiment, the consumer is related to at least one of one or more devices and one or more areas to which power is supplied from a power supply point. Therefore, the devices or areas to which power is supplied can be categorized on a consumer-by-consumer basis. In other words, power supply that satisfies the target CFE rate and the demand amount can be aggregated and executed on a consumer-by-consumer basis. This also serves as evidence when promoting the possibility of achieving the target CFE rate on a consumer-by-consumer basis.

[0081] <Fourth embodiment> Next, a fourth embodiment will be described. In the following description, the differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described, and the commonalities with the above embodiments will be referred to unless otherwise specified. FIG. 19 is a schematic block diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the power supply system PS according to this embodiment. Among the multiple demand units 64 in the service area of ​​the power supply system PS according to this embodiment, at least one demand unit 64c has one or more charging devices. The charging devices are capable of charging other devices (referred to as "charged devices" in this application). The charged devices constitute demand units 64v that indirectly receive power supply from a power supply point via the demand unit 64c. The demand unit 64v temporarily functions as a secondary demand unit.

[0082] In the example of Fig. 19, the charging equipment is installed at a charging stand. The equipment to be charged is a battery electric vehicle (BEV). The BEV includes a rechargeable storage battery (i.e., a secondary battery) and operates by consuming power stored in the secondary battery. The position of the charging equipment may be fixed, or may be movable by including a mobile body. The demand units 64c and 64v are associated with terminal devices 14c and 14v, respectively. The demand units 64c and 64v may each include the terminal devices 14c and 14v and be integrated with them. The terminal devices 14c and 14v are connected wirelessly or by wire to the measurement units 12c and 12v, respectively. The terminal devices 14c and 14v may each include the measurement units 12c and 12v and be integrated with them. The terminal device 14c may have any form, such as a personal computer or a controller dedicated to the charging device. The terminal device 14v may be, for example, an in-vehicle information device installed in the BEV,

[0083] The measurement unit 12c measures the amount of power supply from the charging equipment to the charged equipment in the demand unit 64c. The terminal device 14c notifies the demand forecasting unit 22 (FIG. 1) and the power supply management system 30 of power usage status information of the demand unit 64c at predetermined time intervals. The terminal device 14c includes the amount of power supply measured by the measurement unit 12c in the power usage status information of the demand unit 64c as actual power consumption. The demand forecasting unit 22 uses the power usage status information notified from the terminal device 14c in calculating the predicted power consumption in the demand unit 64c instead of the terminal device 14 (FIG. 1). The demand unit 64c is provided with power having a CFE rate equal to or higher than the target CFE rate through control of the power supply amount in the power supply management system 30. The demand unit 64v is supplied with a part or all of its power from the demand unit 64c.

[0084] The terminal device 14c may include time information indicating the time at that time, identification information of the charged device, and identification information of the charging device in the power usage status information of the demand unit 64c. For example, in the process of connection processing between the charging device and the charged device, the terminal device 14c acquires the identification information of the charged device according to a predetermined communication procedure. The time information may be notified using a time stamp. The identification information of the charging device is set in advance in the terminal device 14c. The demand prediction unit 22 may include the time information indicating the time at that time as an element value in the input value and use it for calculation of the predicted power consumption and learning of the demand prediction model. Thereby, the correlation between other element values ​​(for example, weather information) and the charging period or the frequency of use of the demand unit 64c is taken into account in the calculation of the predicted power consumption.

[0085] The measurement unit 12v measures the amount of power supplied from the charging equipment to the charged equipment in the demand unit 64v. The terminal device 14v notifies the power supply management system 30 of the power usage status information of the demand unit 64v at predetermined time intervals. The terminal device 14v includes the amount of power supply measured by the measurement unit 12v, actual power consumption, time information indicating the time at that time, and preset identification information of the charged equipment in the power usage status information of the demand unit 64v.

[0086] As shown in Fig. 20, the power supply management system 30 includes a target setting unit 32, a supply control unit 34, and a supply information management unit 36. The power supply system PS according to this embodiment may further include an authentication system 72 (Fig. 19). The supply information management unit 36 ​​is connected to the terminal devices 14, 14c, 14v and other devices via a communication network so as to be able to transmit and receive various data to and from the terminal devices 14, 14c, 14v and other devices. The supply information management unit 36 ​​includes an information providing unit 36a and an information collecting unit 36b.

[0087] The information providing unit 36a provides guidance information indicating the locations (e.g., addresses, facility names, latitude and longitude, etc.) of the charging devices constituting the demand unit 64c within the service area of ​​the power supply system PS to other devices using a communication network. The information providing unit 36a receives in advance from the terminal device 14c charging site registration information indicating the charging facilities constituting the demand unit 64c and their locations, and stores in advance guidance information indicating the locations indicated in the received charging site registration information.

[0088] In response to receiving a guidance information request from another device, the information providing unit 36a reads out guidance information stored in advance in the information providing unit 36a, and transmits the read out guidance information to the other device that is the request source as a response to the guidance information request. The information providing unit 36a is configured as, for example, a web server. The guidance information is configured, for example, by superimposing a predetermined symbol (for example, a design of a charging station or a battery) on each of one or more positions where the charging device is installed on a map showing a part or all of a service area. The guidance information may be added with text indicating that CFE power can be supplied, a target CFE rate, and the like. The information providing unit 36a may search for a demand unit 64c that matches a place name or facility name indicated in the guidance information request, or that is within a predetermined range from the latitude and longitude indicated in the guidance information request, and provide guidance information related to the searched demand unit 64c. By receiving the guidance information, the users of the other devices can learn the location of the demand unit 64c that can acquire CFE power, and are encouraged to acquire CFE power from the demand unit 64c. In other words, the other devices to which the guidance information is provided can be candidates for the terminal device 14v.

[0089] The information collecting unit 36b acquires actual supply amount information indicating actual supply amounts of power from each power source constituting the power supply system 40 for each predetermined time period, and target supply amount information indicating a target supply amount of CFE power from the target setting unit 32, and stores them in itself. The information collecting unit 36b associates the collected actual supply amount information and target supply amount information with each other for each time period within a predetermined reporting period, and aggregates them to form report data. The information collecting unit 36b transmits the constructed report data to the authentication system 72.

[0090] The authentication system 72 determines whether the power supplied from the power supply system 40 satisfies a predetermined target CFE rate in the demand unit 64 in the service area of ​​the power supply system PS based on the report data received from the information collecting unit 36b. More specifically, the authentication system 72 calculates the sum of the actual supply amount between the CFE power sources indicated in the report data as the actual supply amount of CFE power for each predetermined time. The authentication system 72 determines whether the actual supply amount of CFE power calculated for each predetermined time is equal to or greater than the target supply amount of CFE power indicated in the report data. The authentication system 72 can determine whether the power supplied to each demand unit 64 including the demand unit 64c during the report period satisfies the target CFE rate based on whether the actual supply amount of CFE power at each time during the report period is equal to or greater than the target supply amount of CFE power indicated in the report data. When the authentication system 72 determines that the target CFE rate is satisfied, it outputs CFE certification information indicating that to the information collecting unit 36b. When it is determined that the target CFE rate is not satisfied, the authentication system 72 transmits determination information indicating that fact to the information providing unit 36a. The authentication system 72 is, for example, a server device managed by a trading organization that mediates the supply and demand of electricity, or a certification organization that certifies the quality of electricity.

[0091] The information providing unit 36a stores the certification information or the determination information received from the authentication system 72. In response to receiving a certification information request from another device, the information providing unit 36a reads out the stored certification information and transmits the read certification information to the other device that is the request source. The information providing unit 36a may store the certification information by including it in the guidance information. In response to the guidance information request, the information providing unit 36a provides the certification information to the other device by including it in the guidance information or by associating it with the guidance information. Therefore, a user who comes into contact with the certification information is prompted to supply power from the demand unit 64c.

[0092] The information providing unit 36a may have a function similar to that of the authentication system 72. In that case, instead of the transmission and reception between the information providing unit 36a and the authentication system 72, the relevant information is transferred within the information providing unit 36a. The information providing unit 36a may not necessarily have a reporting period set. The information providing unit 36a may successively determine whether the target CFE rate is satisfied based on whether the actual supply amount of CFE power is equal to or greater than the target supply amount of CFE power for each time. The information providing unit 36a may notify the terminal device 14v associated with the demand unit 64v that receives the supply of power from the demand unit 64c of the determination result information indicating the determination result. The information providing unit 36a can learn the terminal device 14v associated with the demand unit 64v that receives the supply of power from the demand unit 64c based on the power usage status information of the demand units 64v and 64c. The terminal device 14v may specify a period in which the target CFE rate is satisfied based on the determination result information notified from the information providing unit 36a, and may calculate the amount of power supplied from the demand unit 64c during the specified period and accumulated in the demand unit 64v as the CFE accumulated power amount. The terminal device 14v may configure a display screen including information related to the CFE accumulated power amount, and display the configured display screen on the display unit.

[0093] The terminal device 14v may configure a display screen showing the power usage status of the demand unit 64v, and display the configured display screen on the display unit of the terminal device 14v. FIG. 21 shows a first example of a display screen according to this embodiment. The display screen illustrated in FIG. 21 is displayed on a terminal device 14v mounted on a BEV when the BEV, which is a demand unit 64v, receives power from a charging station, which is a demand unit 64c. In the example of FIG. 21, the target CFE rate is 100%. On the display screen illustrated in FIG. 21, icons of power sources for each power source type, an icon of a charging station, which is a demand unit 64c, an icon of a BEV, which is a demand unit 64v, and an icon of a storage battery built into the BEV are arranged in that order from left to right. A part of the storage battery icon that is biased toward the lower part of the body is filled with a color tone or gradation different from the remaining part. A part of the entire area of ​​the body corresponds to the amount of power of 100% CFE power.

[0094] The display screen further includes a green power charging mode selection switch and a zero-emission charging station search button. The green power charging mode selection switch is a button for selecting whether or not to receive a supply of power that satisfies the target CFE rate according to an operation. The zero-emission charging station search button is a button for instructing the transmission of a guide information request to the information providing unit 36a according to an operation. The display screen displays the numerical values ​​of the CO2 emissions, the remaining battery level, the CFE 100% power, the navigable distance, and the CFE navigable distance. The remaining battery level indicates the ratio of the amount of stored power to the capacity of the storage battery. The stored power is the amount of power stored in the storage battery and is measured by the measurement unit 12c. The CFE 100% power indicates the ratio of the amount of power supplied to the demand unit 64c to the capacity of the storage battery. The navigable distance is calculated by multiplying the stored power by the mileage per unit amount of power. The CFE navigable distance is calculated by multiplying the CFE 100% power by the mileage per unit amount of power.

[0095] FIG. 22 shows a second example of a display screen according to this embodiment. The display screen shown in FIG. 22 is displayed when the terminal device 14v is a smartphone and receives a supply of power from the demand unit 64c to the demand unit 64v. The display screen shown in FIG. 22 is configured by arranging a vehicle design, a green power charging mode selection switch, remaining power, cruising distance, and control buttons in that order from top to bottom. The remaining power indicates the ratio of the amount of stored power to the capacity of the storage battery provided in the equipment to be charged. The control button is a button for instructing the display of an operation screen for various equipment installed in the vehicle by operation.

[0096] In the above example, the charging equipment constituting the demand unit 64c is a charging stand, and the charged equipment constituting the demand unit 64v is a BEV, but this is not limited to the above. The charging equipment constituting the demand unit 64c may be a charging spot, and the charged equipment constituting the demand unit 64v may be an information device such as a mobile phone or a personal computer, a lighting device such as a flashlight, or an audiovisual device such as a television receiver or a radio receiver. The terminal device 14v or the terminal device 14c may be an information device constituting the demand unit 64v.

[0097] As described above, in the power supply system PS of this embodiment, the variable power source includes at least one low environmental load power source (e.g., a CFE power source), the demand unit 64c includes at least one charging device, and the power usage status of the charging device indicates the charging status of the charged device (e.g., a BEV). According to this configuration, under a limited power supply capacity, power supply to the charging devices constituting the local demand unit 64c is controlled so as to satisfy the predicted demand and to ensure that the CFE rate is equal to or higher than a predetermined target CFE rate.

[0098] The power supply system PS may also include an information providing unit 36a that provides guidance information indicating the location of a demand unit 64c having a charging device to other devices via a network. According to this configuration, users of other devices who have received the guidance information can learn the location of charging devices that can charge with power whose CFE rate is equal to or higher than a predetermined target CFE rate, which promotes the use of low-environmental-impact power whose CFE rate is equal to or higher than a predetermined target CFE rate.

[0099] The information providing unit 36a may provide authentication information indicating that the ratio of CFE power (e.g., CFE rate) of the power supplied to the charging device satisfies a predetermined target rate (e.g., target CFE rate) to another device using the network. In addition, the information providing unit 36a may determine that the ratio of CFE power to power supplied from the charging equipment satisfies the target CFE rate when the amount of CFE power supplied from a plurality of power sources (e.g., power supply system 40) becomes equal to or greater than the target CFE power supply amount. According to this configuration, it is possible to inform users of other devices who have received the guidance information that the CFE rate of the power supplied from the demand unit 64c satisfies a predetermined target CFE rate, which motivates them to use low-environmental-load power whose CFE rate is equal to or exceeds the predetermined target CFE rate.

[0100] <Fifth embodiment> Next, a fifth embodiment will be described. In the following description, the differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described, and the commonalities with the above embodiments will be referred to unless otherwise specified. FIG. 23 is a schematic block diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a power supply system PS according to this embodiment. In the power supply system PS according to this embodiment, a power supply system 40 includes at least one system storage battery 42 as a type of power supply. The system storage battery 42 stores surplus power that remains unconsumed when the total supply amount of power supplied from other power sources in the power supply system 40 exceeds the total demand amount. Even if the total supply amount of power supplied from other power sources in the power supply system 40 may fall below the total demand amount, the system storage battery 42 discharges the power stored in itself to the power transmission and distribution system 50 so that the total supply amount of power supplied from the entire power supply system 40 does not fall below the total demand amount. The system storage battery 42 corresponds to an adjustable power source. The CFE rate of the power supplied from the system storage battery 42 corresponds to the CFE rate of the power stored in the system storage battery 42.

[0101] In this embodiment, the supply control unit 34 determines a target supply amount for each adjustable power source so that the CFE rate of the power supplied to each demand unit 64 and the CFE rate of the power stored in the grid battery 42 are equal to or greater than the target CFE. When power is stored in the grid battery 42, the supply amount of power from the grid battery 42 becomes a negative value. For this time, the target setting unit 32 determines a target supply amount of CFE power so that the target supply amount is equal to or greater than the CFE power demand, which is the sum of the total amount of CFE power demand obtained by multiplying the predicted demand amount for each demand unit 64 by the CFE rate and the amount of CFE power stored in the grid battery 42 (i.e., the positive / negative inverted value of the amount of power supply from the grid battery 42). Then, as in the above embodiment, the supply control unit 34 determines the total supply amount of power in the power supply system PS as the sum of the predicted supply amount of each power source, including adjustable power sources and variable power sources, and sets the target supply amount for each adjustable power source so as to keep the power supply cost as low as possible, with the constraints that this total supply amount is greater than or equal to the target total supply amount and that the sum of the CFE power supply amounts for each CFE power source (i.e., the total CFE power supply amount) is greater than or equal to the target CFE power supply amount.

[0102] Furthermore, when power is discharged from grid battery 42, the amount of power supplied from grid battery 42 becomes a positive value, and at this time, supply control unit 34 calculates the amount of CFE power supply by multiplying the amount of power supplied from grid battery 42 by the target CFE rate, and calculates the total amount of CFE power supply by adding the calculated amount of CFE power supply to the sum of the amounts of CFE power supply for each CFE power source. Then, supply control unit 34 sets the target supply amount for each adjustable power source so as to keep power supply costs as low as possible, with constraints that the total amount of power supply in power supply system PS is equal to or greater than the target total supply amount, and the sum of the amounts of CFE power supply for each CFE power source (i.e., the total amount of CFE power supply) is greater than the target supply amount of CFE power.

[0103] As shown in Fig. 20, the power supply management system 30 according to this embodiment may include a supply information management unit 36 ​​in addition to the target setting unit 32 and the supply control unit 34. The power supply system PS according to this embodiment may further include an authentication system 72 (Fig. 23). The information collecting unit 36b acquires actual supply amount information indicating the actual supply amount of power from each power source (including the system battery 42) constituting the power supply system 40 at each predetermined time, and target supply amount information indicating the target supply amount of CFE power from the target setting unit 32, and stores them in itself. The information collecting unit 36b aggregates the collected actual supply amount information and target supply amount information for a predetermined reporting period, and transmits the aggregated report data to the authentication system 72.

[0104] The authentication system 72 determines whether the power stored in the grid battery 42 satisfies a predetermined target CFE rate based on the report data received from the information collecting unit 36b. More specifically, the authentication system 72 calculates, for a period during which power is stored in the grid battery 42, the sum of the actual supply amount between the CFE power sources other than the grid battery 42 indicated in the report data as the actual supply amount of CFE power for each predetermined time. The authentication system 72 determines whether the actual supply amount of CFE power calculated for each predetermined time is equal to or greater than the target supply amount of CFE power indicated in the report data. The authentication system 72 determines whether the power stored in the grid battery 42 satisfies the target CFE rate based on whether the actual supply amount of CFE power is equal to or greater than the target supply amount of CFE power indicated in the report data at each time during the period during which power is stored from the grid battery 42 during the report period. The target supply amount of CFE power corresponds to the sum of the demand amount of CFE power obtained by multiplying the actual supply amount for each demand unit 64 by the CFE rate as described above, and the sum of the amount of CFE power stored in the system storage battery 42.

[0105] When the authentication system 72 determines that the target CFE rate is satisfied, it outputs certification information indicating that to the information collecting unit 36b. When the authentication system 72 determines that the target CFE rate is not satisfied, it transmits determination information indicating that to the information providing unit 36a. The information providing unit 36a stores the certification information or the determination information received from the authentication system 72. In response to a request for certification information from another device, the information providing unit 36a reads out the stored certification information and transmits the read certification information to the other device that is the request source. The request source for the certification information may be the terminal device 14 related to the demand unit 64.

[0106] The information providing unit 36a may determine whether the power stored in the grid battery 42 for a predetermined reporting period satisfies the target CFE rate using a method similar to that of the authentication system 72, or may sequentially determine whether the power stored in the grid battery 42 satisfies the target CFE rate for each time. Here, the information providing unit 36a determines whether the actual supply amount of CFE power is equal to or greater than the target supply amount of CFE power for each time when the supply amount of power from the grid battery 42 becomes negative as described above. The information providing unit 36a may notify the terminal device 14 related to the demand unit 64 of the determination result information indicating the determination result. The terminal device 14 related to the demand unit 64 is set in advance in the information providing unit 36a. When the terminal device 14 includes the measurement unit 12 or is connected to the measurement unit 12, the transmission source of the actual power consumption notified to the demand forecasting unit 22 or the target setting unit 32 can be identified as the terminal device 14. The terminal device 14 may construct a display screen including the determination result information notified from the information providing unit 36a, and display the constructed display screen on the display unit.

[0107] In the above description, the storage battery provided in the power supply system 40 is the system storage battery 42, but the present invention is not limited to this. The storage battery provided in the power supply system 40 may be configured as a chargeable and dischargeable DC power source such as a static power supply facility (including a so-called disaster prevention power storage facility) or an uninterruptible power supply (UPS).

[0108] As described above, in the power supply system PS of this embodiment, the adjustable power supply has at least one rechargeable and dischargeable storage battery, and the supply control unit 34 determines the charge amount or discharge amount as the amount of power supplied from the storage battery. According to this configuration, when the amount of power supplied from the other power sources is greater than the total demand, the amount of power charged to the surplus power storage battery is fixed, and when the amount of power supplied from the other power sources is less than the total demand, the amount of power discharged from the storage battery is fixed, thereby stabilizing the supply and demand of power from the power supply system.

[0109] The target setting unit may determine the amount of power supply for each adjustable power source such that the ratio of CFE power to the power charged in the storage battery is equal to or greater than a predetermined target CFE rate. This configuration encourages the ratio of CFE power to the power discharged from the storage battery to satisfy a predetermined target CFE rate, thereby stabilizing the supply and demand of CFE power.

[0110] <Power supply operation control method> Next, a specific example of a method for controlling operation of a power source in the power supply system PS according to an embodiment of the present application will be described. FIG. 24 illustrates an example of the change over time in the supply amount (power generation amount) and total demand amount (demand amount) for each power source. The supply and total demand of electricity for each power source fluctuates in a daily cycle. For example, a solar power generator generates electricity during the day and cannot supply electricity at night. The supply of electricity from a solar power generator is greater during the day than in the early morning or evening. The amount of electricity generated by a solar power generator also depends on the weather. Depending on the date and time, the amount of electricity generated by the solar power generator alone may exceed the total demand. On the other hand, if the amount of electricity generated by the solar power generator does not meet the total demand, the power that is insufficient due to solar power generation alone is supplemented by other power sources. During the period from sunset to nighttime, the ratio of grid power tends to be higher than other periods. Therefore, the supply control unit 34 may not be able to guarantee a predetermined CFE rate for the electricity supplied to each demand unit 64 by simply controlling the operation of the power source based on the minimization of the power supply cost.

[0111] Therefore, the target setting unit 32 acquires data on the total demand amount, the supply amount for each power source type, and the target CFE rate within a predetermined period after the current time. In addition, when the power supply system PS supplies (sells) power to a separate power supply system, the market price per unit supply amount may be included. In the example of Fig. 25, the target setting unit 32 acquires data on the total demand amount, the power supply amount (power generation amount) by photovoltaic power generation, the market price, the target CFE rate, and the like, for a prediction period from the current time to three days later. The target setting unit 32, for example, calculates a predicted value of the total demand for each frame as an output value from the input values ​​using a total demand forecast model. A frame refers to a unit time having a predetermined length starting from a certain time (for example, 15 minutes to 1 hour). Input values ​​include date and time information, weather information in the service area, and a performance value of the total demand. The date and time information includes information indicating the day of the week, the frame, and whether it is a business day. The target setting unit 32 calculates the target total supply amount by using the calculated predicted value of the total demand amount as the target total supply amount, or by multiplying the predicted value by a predetermined coefficient greater than 1.

[0112] The target setting unit 32 calculates a predicted value of the supply amount for each frame as an output value from the input value, for example, using a supply amount prediction model for each type of power source. The supply amount prediction model may be applied to predict the power supply amount from variable power sources as well as adjustable power sources. Input values ​​include date and time information, weather information in the service area, and the actual value of the supply amount (actual supply amount) of the power source type. The target setting unit 32 calculates the predicted value of the market price for each frame as the output value from the input value, for example, using a market price prediction model. The input values ​​include date and time information, weather information in the service area, and the actual value of the market price.

[0113] A machine learning model is applied as each of the total demand forecast model, the supply volume forecast model, and the market price forecast model. In the learning stage, the target setting unit 32 acquires training data including a plurality of data pairs each corresponding to an input value and an output value obtained in the past. The actual value to be predicted by each model is assigned as the output value. The target setting unit 32 uses the total demand forecast model, the supply volume forecast model, and the market price forecast model to search for a parameter set in which the forecast value calculated from the input value is closer to the output value corresponding to the input value. The goal setting unit 32 may set, for example, a weekly CFE rate plan for each week. The weekly CFE rate plan is data indicating a target CFE rate. The target CFE rate may be a constant value regardless of the date and time, or may be different for each frame. The target setting unit 32 sets in the supply control unit 34 the target total supply amount of power predicted for each frame, the supply amount of each power source type, the market price, and the target CFE rate for each frame.

[0114] The supply control unit 34 calculates the target supply amount for each adjustable power source under the constraints (i.e., binding conditions) that the total supply amount of power supplied from the power source system 40 is equal to or greater than the target total supply amount, and the supply amount of CFE power obtained from the CFE power source is equal to or greater than the target supply amount of CFE power. Under these constraints, at the predicted time, the supply control unit 34 may solve a generator start / stop planning problem that aims to minimize the power supply cost. The supply control unit 34 notifies the adjustable power source of the target supply amount calculated for each adjustable power source as a command value. Each adjustable power source controls its operation so that the power supply amount approximates the target supply amount notified by the supply control unit 34. Note that the market price is not included in the constraints, but may be a factor in the power supply cost. In addition, when the total supply amount by the power source system 40 exceeds the total demand amount, in the case where surplus power is supplied to an external load, the sales income for the sale of the surplus power may be included as a negative power supply cost.

[0115] In the example of FIG. 24, the supply control unit 34 determines the power supply amount of each of the hydrogen generator, the fuel cells 1 and 2, and the grid power, which are adjustable power sources, so that the supply amount of CFE power is equal to or greater than the target supply amount for the remaining demand obtained by subtracting the supply amount from the photovoltaic power generator from the total demand amount, and the power supply cost is minimized. The fuel cells 1 and 2 each use hydrogen as fuel. In this example, the grid power refers to power supplied from a power system having a thermal power generator that burns fossil fuel as a power source. That is, the power system is treated as one non-CFE power source in the power supply system 40. The information on the power supply amount may include information on the operation pattern. The operation pattern may include information on whether or not operation is required for each frame, and the target supply amount when operation is required. The operation pattern may include setting information such as suspension (operation or non-operation) due to maintenance, etc. For a power source for which suspension is set, the target setting unit 32 may set the supply amount for that power source to zero.

[0116] Next, a specific example of the power supply cost according to this embodiment will be described. In the example of formula (1), the power supply cost corresponds to the total cost TotalCost of the fuel cost, fuel cost efficiency correction, sales income, start-up fuel cost, stop-up fuel cost, and optimization penalty. In formula (1), i is an index indicating each adjustable power source. i is an integer between 0 and n. i=0 indicates grid power. i=1, ..., n indicates an adjustable power source other than the power grid, for example, a hydrogen generator, a fuel cell, etc. j is an index indicating each frame. j is an integer between 0 and m. j=0 indicates a frame related to the current time. j=1, ..., m indicates a frame in the future from the current time. The larger j indicates a later frame. That is, j=1 indicates the first frame in the prediction period, and j=m indicates the last frame in the prediction period.

[0117] Electricity supply costs include metered costs and non-metered costs. metered costs are costs that arise according to the amount of supply. The first to fourth terms on the right-hand side of equation (1) correspond to metered costs. G ij indicates the supply amount of power source i in frame j. The first term indicates the fuel cost of grid electricity. FuelPrice i indicates the fuel cost per unit supply of power source i. In other words, the first term is the sum of the products of the power generation amount and the fuel cost. The second term indicates the fuel cost of adjustable power other than grid power. ηmax i indicates the power generation efficiency at maximum output of power source i. In other words, the second term is the sum of the power source and the unit obtained by dividing the product of the power generation amount and the fuel cost by the power generation efficiency at maximum output. The third term indicates the fuel cost efficiency correction amount. The fuel cost efficiency correction amount is a correction value for the fluctuation in the power generation efficiency of each power source due to the power generation amount. The third term is applied to adjustable power other than grid power. ηmin i indicates the power generation efficiency of the power source i at minimum load. Gmax i , Gmin iindicates the maximum supply amount and the minimum supply amount of the power source i, respectively. In other words, it is the sum of the difference between the reciprocal of the generating efficiency at the minimum load and the reciprocal of the generating efficiency at the maximum load, the amount of power generated, the fuel cost, the difference between the maximum output and the amount of supply, and the reciprocal of the difference between the maximum output and the minimum output between the power sources and frames. The fourth term indicates the market sales revenue. JepxPrice j indicates the electricity market price. CommissionRate indicates the commission rate for market sales. RD j indicates the remaining demand in frame j. Therefore, the fourth term is the sum of the products of the difference between the electricity market price and the commission rate and the amount of electricity sold obtained by subtracting the remaining demand from the total supply of the power supply system PS.

[0118] The fifth to seventh terms on the right side of equation (1) correspond to non-metric costs. The fifth term represents the starting fuel cost. Cstart i indicates the startup cost of power source i per startup. ij is an information flag indicating whether or not power source i in frame j has been started. Therefore, the fifth term is the sum of the products of the number of starts and the start-up cost for each power source. The sixth term indicates the fuel cost for stopping. Cstop i indicates the cost of stopping power source i per time. ij is an information flag indicating whether or not power source i has been shut down in frame j. Therefore, the sixth term is the sum of the products of the number of shutdowns and the shutdown cost for each power source across frames. The seventh term is the optimization penalty. An optimization penalty can be set for each pair consisting of a power source and a frame, or both. The larger the optimization penalty value, the lower the relative priority of that power source or frame. For example, the optimization penalty can be set to a higher value for frames belonging to later days. This encourages control to lower the priority for later days when the accuracy of weather information is lower.

[0119]

number

[0120] As described above, the supply control unit 34 controls the supply amount of the adjustable power source, with the first constraint (CFE rate) being that the supply amount of CFE power from the CFE power source is equal to or greater than the target supply amount for the remaining demand obtained by subtracting the supply amount (photovoltaic power generation amount) of the photovoltaic power generator from the total demand amount. The first constraint is expressed as in formula (2). In formula (2), CFE i indicates a non-fossil fuel flag indicating whether the power source i is a CFE power source. That is, the supply control unit 34 adjusts the supply amount G of the adjustable power source i so that the CFE rate, which is obtained by subtracting the ratio of the supply amount of non-CFE power to the total demand amount (non-CFE rate) from 1, is equal to or greater than the target CFE rate Z for the entire prediction period. ij Determine the total demand D j and solar power generation PV j The smaller of these is the photovoltaic power supply amount PVc j If we define it as: Equation (2) is transformed into Equation (3). Photovoltaic power generation PV j If exceeds the total demand, the solar power supply PVc j is the amount of solar power generated PV j The supply control unit 34 adjusts the supply amount G of the adjustable power source i so as to satisfy the formula (3). ij It is sufficient to determine the following.

[0121]

number

[0122]

number

[0123] As a result, the supply amount of the adjustable power source is determined so that the CFE rate, which is the ratio of the supply amount of CFE power from the CFE power source to the total demand amount, is equal to or greater than the target CFE rate. FIG. 26 shows a first control example of the supply amount for each power source. FIG. 26 shows the total demand amount D, the supply amount G1 of the first adjustable power source, the photovoltaic power generation amount PV, and the supply amount G2 of the second adjustable power source for each frame in that order in each row. The first adjustable power source and the second adjustable power source are the CFE power source and the non-CFE power source, respectively. The supply amount of CFE power is the sum of the supply amounts for each power source shown in the third and fourth rows. For example, in frame d, the sum of the supply amount G1 of the first adjustable power source and the photovoltaic power generation amount PV is 40, and the total demand amount D is 50. Therefore, the CFE achievement degree in frame d is 80%, which exceeds the 70% previously set as the target CFE rate for the entire forecast period.

[0124] When controlling the supply amount of the adjustable power source, the supply control unit 34 applies a second constraint condition (supply and demand balance) that the total supply amount of power supplied from the power supply system 40 is equal to or greater than the target total supply amount. The second constraint condition is expressed as in equation (4). Equation (4) expresses the total demand D j is the supply amount G between adjustable power sources i. ij and solar power generation PV j In this example, the supply amount G between adjustable power sources i is ij and solar power generation PV j The sum of these is applied as the target total supply. Fig. 27 shows a second control example of the supply amount for each power source. Fig. 27 shows the total demand D, the supply amount G1 of the first adjustable power source, the supply amount G2 of the second adjustable power source, and the solar power generation amount PV for each frame in that order on each row. The total supply amount is the sum of the supply amounts for each power source shown on rows 2-4. For example, in frame d, the sum of the supply amount G1 of the first adjustable power source, the supply amount G2 of the second adjustable power source, and the solar power generation amount PV is 50, and the total demand D is equal to 50.

[0125]

number

[0126] Next, examples of other constraints relating to control of the supply amount of an adjustable power supply will be described. The third constraint is a constraint that assumes that an operation plan for the next day is formulated for each day, and sets the final operation state formulated on the previous day as the initial operation state for that day. The period of the initial operation state is not necessarily limited to one frame, but may be two frames or more and shorter than one day (for example, the period from midnight to the frame containing the sunrise). In the example of FIG. 28, the operation state o ij is set to either operating or stopped for each frame j. According to the operation plan for the day formulated the day before, the operation state o in frame -1 is -1 Stop the startup process. -1 is set to start, the operation state o0 in the last frame 0 of the day is set to be in operation, and the operation states o1 to o5 in the first five frames of the next day continue as in operation (operation continuation). And the start process Ostart is not set to start before the operation state is stopped next time. The initial operation state o ij o ij ≧ApproachOstart ij It is expressed as: ApproachOstart ij indicates the operation constraints during the period in which the initial operation state is taken. ij is an information flag that indicates whether the device is running or stopped by using the value 1 or 0, respectively.

[0127] Similarly, if the operation status in the last frame of the day is stopped, the initial operation status for the next day is set to stopped (stopped). The stop process is not set until the operation status is next switched to running. Therefore, the initial operation status for the next day's plan is ij o ij ≦ApproachOstop ij It is expressed as: ApproachOstop ij indicates the stopping constraint during the period in which the initial operating state is taken. ij is an information flag that indicates whether the device is running or stopped by using the value 1 or 0, respectively.

[0128] The fourth constraint is a dependency between a change in the operating state and a start process or a stop process. When the operating state of the adjustable power supply i in frame j changes from stopped to operating in frame j+1 immediately after the stop, the start-up process Ostart j In the example of FIG. 29, the operation states of frames d+3 and d+4 are stopped and running, respectively, so the start process Ostart d+3 In addition, in frame j where the operation status is stopped, the start process Ostart j can be started, whereas in frame j where the operation state is running, the start process Ostart j Therefore, the operating state o ij In frame j where the machine stops, the operation state is ij and startup process Ostart ij is constrained as shown in equation (5). ij In frame j, where the operation state is o ij and startup process Ostart ij is constrained as shown in equation (6).

[0129]

number

[0130]

number

[0131] When the operating state of adjustable power supply i in frame j changes from operating to stopped in frame j+1 immediately after the operation, the stop process Ostop in frame j i In the example of Figure 29, the operation status of frames d+8 and d+9 is "operation" and "stopped", respectively, so the stop process Ostop d+8 is set to stopped. Also, the stop process Ostop is performed on frame j where the operation status is stopped. j While the frame j cannot be stopped, the stop process Ostop jTherefore, the operation state o ij In frame j, where the operation state is o ij and startup process Ostart ij is constrained as shown in equation (7). ij In frame j where the machine stops, the operation state is ij and stop processing Ostop ij is constrained as shown in equation (8).

[0132]

number

[0133]

number

[0134] The fifth constraint is the continuous period during which the operating state is maintained constant. The fifth constraint is mainly a constraint on the power generation equipment. The parameter of the fifth constraint is the minimum continuous operating time MinOperation i and the minimum continuous stop time MinStop i The minimum continuous operation time is the period during which the operation state is maintained and the stop processing is restricted after starting in frame j. The minimum continuous stop time is the period during which the operation state is maintained and the start processing is restricted after starting in frame j. In the example of FIG. 30, the minimum continuous operation time MinOperation is set to 5 frames. After the start processing is executed in frame d+1, the operation state is maintained from frame d+2 to frame d+6, and the stop processing is permitted from frame d+7 onwards. Therefore, the operation state o i(j+1+m) and startup process Ostart ij is constrained as shown in equation (9). i(j+1+m) and stop processing Ostop ij is constrained as shown in equation (10).

[0135]

number

[0136]

number

[0137] The sixth constraint is a constraint on the amount of power supply for each adjustable resource i. The parameter of the sixth constraint is the minimum output MinGen for each adjustable resource i. i and maximum output MaxGen i That is, the supply amount G of the adjustable power source i in operation ij is the lowest output MinGen i Above and maximum output MaxGen i The supply amount G of the outage adjustable power source i is ij is restricted to zero. In the example of Figure 31, the power supply status is stopped in frames d, d+1, and d+12, and the supply amount is zero. Between frames d+2 and d+11, the power supply status is on, and the supply amount is restricted to 50 to 100. In addition, power sources dedicated to power generation, such as power generation facilities, have a minimum output of MinGen i and maximum output MaxGen i Each of these is a predetermined positive value. The adjustable power source i has a storage capacity as well as a discharge capacity and has a minimum output MinGen i can be negative.

[0138] The seventh constraint is a constraint on the number of startups within the prediction period. The parameter of the seventh constraint is the startup constraint count StartCountLimit for each adjustable power source i. i and the stop constraint count StopCountLimit i There is a start restriction count StartCountLimit i is the maximum number of startups allowed in the prediction period. iis the maximum number of stops permitted in the prediction period. In the example of FIG. 32, the start restriction count and the stop restriction count are each restricted to 3 times. In the prediction period from frame d to frame d+12, the number of start processes is 3 times, which is the limit of the start restriction count, and the number of stop processes is 2 times, which is less than the stop restriction count. Therefore, the start process Ostart ij , Stop processing Ostop ij are constrained as shown in equations (11) and (12), respectively.

[0139]

number

[0140]

number

[0141] The eighth constraint is a limit on the output change rate per unit time. The output change rate limit is also called a load change rate limit. The eighth constraint is set as a parameter of the output increase rate limit RateLimitUpper i and output reduction rate limit RateLimitLower i According to the eighth constraint, as shown in equation (13), the increase in the supply between adjacent frames is limited by the output increase rate limit RateLimitUpper i In the example of Fig. 33, the increase in the supply amount is adjusted to 10 or less per frame from frame d to frame d+3. However, the output increase rate limit does not need to be taken into consideration at the time of startup. As shown in the formula (14), the amount of supply reduction between adjacent frames is restricted to be equal to or less than the output increase rate limit RateLimitLower. In the example of Fig. 33, the amount of supply reduction from frame d+8 to frame d+10 is adjusted to 10 or less per frame. However, the output decrease rate limit does not need to be taken into account when stopped.

[0142]

number

[0143]

number

[0144] The ninth constraint is the planned outage of a power source. The outage flag Outage is used as a parameter of the ninth constraint. ij There is a stop flag. ij indicates the need for forced shutdown with 0 and the absence of forced shutdown with 1. That is, the operating status o of each unit j of power supply i ij is constrained as exemplified in equation (15). In the example of FIG. 34, the value of the stop flag is set to 0 in frames d, d+11, and d+12. In these frames, the operation state is constrained to stopped. The value of the stop flag is set to 1 in frames d+2 to d+11. In these frames, the operation state is not constrained to stopped, and there is a possibility that it will be in operation.

[0145]

number

[0146] The above first constraint condition acts to ensure the CFE power in the entire power supply system PS, but when the supply amount of CFE power is small due to the operating environment of the power source, there is a possibility that there is no solution that satisfies the first constraint condition. Therefore, in this embodiment, the tenth constraint condition may be used instead of the first constraint condition. The tenth constraint is that the supply of CFE power must satisfy the sum of the predicted demand for each demand unit 64. The tenth constraint is formulated, for example, as in equation (16). Equation (16) expresses the condition that the supply of CFE power including photovoltaic power generation in each frame j must satisfy the sum of the demand for each demand unit 64, PointDemand. j35, the sum of the supply amount of the CFE power source shown in the third row and the photovoltaic power generation amount shown in the fourth row exceeds the total demand amount PointDemand for each demand unit 64 shown in the second row. Considering that the total demand amount for each demand unit 64 is usually less than the total demand amount of the power supply system PS, the tenth constraint condition can more reliably satisfy the demand for CFE power in the demand unit 64 than the first constraint condition.

[0147]

number

[0148] In the above explanation, the power supply cost is mainly based on the cost required for power supply, but this is not limited to this. The power supply cost may also include factors such as the amount of environmental load caused by power supply (for example, the amount of heat generated by power generation and transmission), and the labor required for the development and maintenance of power generation and transmission facilities. In the above description, the environmental load related to the supply of electricity is mainly the emission of CO2, but this is not limited to the above. The above embodiment may be applied to the emission of greenhouse gases other than CO2. Greenhouse gases other than CO2 include, for example, methane (CH4), nitrogen oxides (NO2), and the like. x , fluorocarbons, etc. In addition, the above embodiment may be applied to cases where the environmental load is an artificial process, such as the combustion of fossil fuels, the combustion of hydrogen, and nuclear reactions. In such cases, the natural energy rate can be used instead of the CFE as the rate of low environmental load power.

[0149] In addition, the demand forecasting unit 22, the goal setting unit 32, the supply control unit 34, the supply information management unit 36 ​​or the information providing unit 36a, and the information collecting unit 36b, and the authentication system 72 in the above embodiments may be configured as independent electronic devices, or may be realized as electronic devices configured for each of some or all of the groups. For example, the power supply management system 30 may be configured as a power supply management device having a target setting unit 32, a supply control unit 34, and a supply information management unit 36, or may have an arrangement having a supply control device having the target setting unit 32 and the supply control unit 34. Furthermore, the device having the target setting unit 32 may further include a demand forecasting unit 22. The power supply management system 30 may be configured as a CEMS (Community Energy Management System). The terminal device 14 may include one or both of the measurement unit 12 and the demand forecasting unit 22. The terminal device 14 including the measurement unit 12 may be configured as a Mansion Energy Management System (MEMS), a Building Energy Management System (BEMS), or the like.

[0150] The terminal device 14 and other electronic devices may each include a general-purpose computer system. Fig. 36 is a schematic block diagram showing a configuration example of a computer system 170 according to an embodiment of the present application. The computer system 170 includes, for example, a processor 172, an input device 178, an output device 180, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 182, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 184, an auxiliary storage unit 186, and an interface unit 188. The processor 172, the input device 178, the output device 180, the ROM 182, the RAM 184, the auxiliary storage unit 186, and the interface unit 188 are connected to each other using a bus BS.

[0151] The processor 172, for example, reads out programs and various data stored in the ROM 182, executes the programs, and controls the operation of the computer system 170. In this application, "executing a program" or "executing a program" includes the meaning of executing processing instructed by commands written in the program. The processor 172 is, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit). There may be more than one processor 172. The multiple processors 172 may include a GPU (Graphic Processing Unit) in addition to the CPU.

[0152] The input device 178 receives a user's operation, receives operation information corresponding to the received operation, and outputs operation data to the processor 172. The operation input unit 148 of the terminal device 14 corresponds to the input device 178. The output device 180 outputs the output data input from the processor 172 to various devices serving as output destinations. The display unit 146 of the terminal device 14 corresponds to the output device.

[0153] The ROM 182 stores, for example, a program for execution by the processor 172 . The RAM 184 is used as a main storage medium that functions as a working area for temporarily storing various data and programs used by the processor 172, for example. The auxiliary storage unit 186 is a storage medium such as a hard disk drive (HDD), a flash memory, etc. The storage unit 144 of the terminal device 14 includes the auxiliary storage unit 186.

[0154] The interface unit 188 is connected to other devices and can input and output various data wirelessly or wired. The interface unit 188 includes, for example, a communication module that connects to a network wired or wirelessly. The input / output unit 150 of the terminal device 14 corresponds to the interface unit 188.

[0155] Although the present embodiment has been described above in detail with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to the above-mentioned configurations, and includes designs within the scope of the present embodiment. The above-mentioned configurations can be arbitrarily combined, and some of them may be omitted. [Explanation of symbols]

[0156] PS...power supply system, 12...measurement unit, 12a...power meter, 12b...smart plug, 12c...clamp meter, 14, 14v, 14c...terminal device, 22...demand forecasting unit, 30...power supply management system, 32...target setting unit, 34...supply control unit, 36...supply information management unit, 36a...information provision unit, 36b...information collection unit, 40...power supply system, 40-1 to 40-3...power source, 50...power transmission and distribution system, 62...branch point , 62a...distribution board, 64, 64c, 64v...demand unit, 142...control unit, 142a...setting processing unit, 142b...output processing unit, 144...storage unit, 146, 146b...display unit, 148...operation input unit, 150...input / output unit, 170...computer system, 172...processor, 178...input device, 180...output device, 182...ROM, 184...RAM, 186...auxiliary storage unit, 188...interface unit

Claims

1. A plurality of demand units to which power is distributed from a power supply point to which power is supplied from a distribution facility; A plurality of power sources including an adjustable power source whose power supply amount is adjustable and a variable power source whose power supply amount is not adjustable; a demand forecasting unit that forecasts a forecast demand amount, which is a forecast value of power consumption of the demand unit at a forecast time after the current time, using a demand forecasting model based on the power usage status for each demand unit; a target setting unit that sets a target total supply amount, which is a sum of target values ​​of the amounts of power supply from the plurality of power sources, and a target low environmental load power supply amount, which is a target value of the amount of low environmental load power supply, so as to satisfy the predicted demand in which a ratio of low environmental load power is equal to or greater than a predetermined target rate for each unit of demand; a supply control unit that controls the amount of power supply from the plurality of power sources so as to satisfy the target total supply amount and the target low environmental load power supply amount at the predicted time, The variable power source includes at least one power source having low environmental impact; The demand unit includes at least one charging device; The power usage status of the charging device indicates the charging status of the charged device. Power supply system.

2. and an information providing unit that provides guidance information indicating the location of a demand unit having the charging device to other devices via a network. The power supply system according to claim 1 .

3. The information providing unit is and providing, via a network, another device with authentication information indicating that the ratio of low environmental load power to the power supplied to the charging device satisfies the target ratio. The power supply system according to claim 2 .

4. The information providing unit determines that a ratio of low environmental load power to be supplied from the charging device satisfies the target ratio when an amount of low environmental load power supplied from the plurality of power sources becomes equal to or greater than the target amount of low environmental load power supply. The power supply system according to claim 2 .

5. The adjustable power supply comprises: At least one rechargeable and dischargeable storage battery; The supply control unit is The charge amount or discharge amount is determined as the amount of power supplied from the storage battery. The power supply system according to claim 1 .

6. The goal setting unit, so that the ratio of low environmental load electricity to the electricity charged to the storage battery is equal to or greater than the target ratio, Determine the amount of power supplied by each of the adjustable power sources The power supply system according to claim 5 .

7. A plurality of demand units to which power is distributed from a power supply point to which power is supplied from a distribution facility; A power supply method in a power supply system including a plurality of power sources including an adjustable power source whose power supply amount is adjustable and a variable power source whose power supply amount is not adjustable, comprising: a demand forecasting step in which a demand forecasting unit forecasts a forecast demand amount, which is a forecast value of power consumption of the demand unit at a forecast time later than the present time, using a demand forecasting model based on the power usage status of each demand unit; a target setting step in which a target setting unit sets a target total supply amount, which is a sum of target values ​​of the amounts of power supply from the plurality of power sources, and a target low environmental load power supply amount, which is a target value of the amount of low environmental load power supply, so as to satisfy the predicted demand in which a ratio of low environmental load power is equal to or greater than a predetermined target rate for each unit of demand; a supply control step of controlling the amount of power supply from the plurality of power sources so that the target total supply amount and the target low environmental load power supply amount are satisfied at the predicted time; The variable power source includes at least one power source having low environmental impact; The demand unit includes at least one charging device; The power usage status of the charging device indicates the charging status of the charged device. Power supply method.

Images