Structural member and three-dimensional structure using the structural member

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for joining structural members that can join component members with high accuracy, and a joined three-dimensional structure formed by combining structural members. [Solution] The present invention is a three-dimensional structure using a plurality of tubular first component members, wherein the tubular first component members have cutout portions in the longitudinal direction from the upper end to the lower end, the cutout portions are provided at equal intervals, and the cutout portions of the tubular first component members are fitted into each other.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for joining a plurality of structural members and to a three-dimensional structure formed by combining a plurality of structural members. [Background technology]

[0002] In Japan, there are traditional patterns that have been used since ancient times in arts and crafts such as textiles, ceramics, and interior decorations. Traditional patterns are understood to be Japanese designs that are patterned and arranged in a regular pattern. Representative traditional patterns include hemp leaves, hexagonal patterns, blue sea waves, and shippo. These traditional patterns have been used on kimonos, hand towels, sliding door paper, kumiko patterns on fittings, and decorations for festivals unique to each region, adding color to our lives.

[0003] Meanwhile, in various fields including civil engineering and construction, various three-dimensional structures such as truss structures and lattice structures that are constructed by combining tubular members such as wood, aluminum, and steel pipes, rod-shaped members, or plate-shaped members are used.

[0004] Patent Document 1 discloses a steel pipe truss having a steel pipe main member and diagonal members, etc., in which truss members can be securely joined using relatively simple, low-cost fastening fittings such as bolt joints, allowing the steel pipe truss to be constructed at low cost and the position of each node to be easily adjusted to ensure the accuracy of the entire truss. This steel pipe truss uses split-shaped connecting fittings at the truss nodes, which are made by dividing a sheath pipe made of a circular steel pipe of a specified length into several parts circumferentially.The connecting fittings are tightly bound to the outer periphery of the upper chord and lower chord to form friction connections, and the fastening flanges of these connecting fittings are used to bolt the ends of the diagonal members and other connecting members.

[0005] Patent Document 2 discloses a method and structure for joining structural members that does not require high precision at the joint, allows easy welding, and prevents stress concentration. This is a method for joining structural members such as a space truss which is constructed by assembling and connecting a number of tubular truss members at their nodes. The ends of each tubular truss member are crushed at the truss nodes to form flat plate sections which are then assembled together. A cylindrical space is formed between each of the flat plate sections of the tubular truss members and this space is filled with welding material to join the multiple tubular truss members. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] JP 2004-293266 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2001-173090 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] However, traditional patterns were mainly enjoyed by people who wanted to enjoy the appearance of various types of patterns and to understand the meaning of the origin of these patterns. Furthermore, in buildings, traditional patterns were used exclusively for decorative purposes, and they had not previously been used as three-dimensional structures in buildings.

[0008] The steel pipe truss disclosed in Patent Document 1 requires that metal fittings be friction-welded to the outer periphery of the main truss member, and that the ends of the secondary truss members be joined to the metal fittings. The task of joining such metal fittings to the outer periphery of the main truss member is generally considered difficult to control with regard to accuracy. Furthermore, the joining method disclosed in Patent Document 2 is a method that uses a welding material, and shrinkage strain at the welded portion can affect the strength of the joined structure, making it difficult to control the precision.

[0009] Therefore, the present invention has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a method for joining structural members that can join components together with high precision, and a three-dimensional structure formed by combining structural members. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for joining structural members that enables the formation of a three-dimensional structure with excellent appearance by regularly arranging the structural members. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] As a result of intensive research into achieving the above-mentioned object, the inventors discovered that the above-mentioned problems could be solved by producing a plurality of structural components of the same shape from components of various shapes that would become structural components, forming notches of the same shape in these structural components, and then combining these components to form a three-dimensional structure, thereby completing the present invention.

[0011] That is, the present invention is a three-dimensional structure using a plurality of tubular first component members, The tubular first component member has cutout portions in the longitudinal direction from the upper end to the downward direction, the cutout portions are provided at equal intervals, and the cutout portions of the tubular first component members are fitted into each other to form a three-dimensional structure. Effect of the Invention

[0012] The present invention provides a method for joining structural members that can join component members with high precision, and a joined three-dimensional structure formed by combining structural members.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for joining structural members that can give the appearance of a three-dimensional structure a structure of regularly arranged structural members. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a cloisonné pattern. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 shows the tubular member 1 and the first component member 2. In FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 shows the central angle θ of the tubular member 1. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 shows a method for arranging the tubular members 1 in order to calculate the central angle θ. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram in which the tubular member 1 at the center a, the tubular member 1 at the center b, and the tubular member 1 at the center e in FIG. 4(b) are extracted and re-coded. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining ΔCAB. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining ΔDAB. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the second component member 5. As shown in FIG. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 shows the third component member 7. As shown in FIG. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 shows a method of assembling a three-dimensional structure that uses the first component member 2 to form a cloisonne pattern. [Figure 11] Figure 11 shows the constituent elements of the design that make up Shippo patterns. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the patterns of the constituent elements of the design that makes up the Shippo pattern. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a photograph of a three-dimensional structure with a cloisonne pattern manufactured using carbon steel pipes for plumbing. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 shows a perspective view of the second embodiment. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 shows a plan view of the second embodiment. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 shows a front view of the second embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0015] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described below.

[0016] (First embodiment) This embodiment describes a three-dimensional structure that uses a tubular member 1 as a constituent member and imitates a Shippo pattern, which is one of the traditional patterns. The Shippo pattern is a pattern as shown in Fig. 1, and is understood to be a pattern in which quarters of circles are crossed and linked together in a net shape. In addition, the same reference numerals will be used in each drawing to refer to the same or equivalent parts. Furthermore, although there are some places where lengths are described, these lengths are merely examples to aid understanding, and are not limited to the lengths described therein. Furthermore, the term "same" does not limit things to being the same, but also includes things within a margin of error. If we were to give an example of a margin of error, we could give an example of about ±10 mm, but this margin of error is not limiting.

[0017] (Components) The constituent members that can be used in this embodiment are not particularly limited as long as they are tubular members, and examples thereof include steel pipes made of carbon steel, stainless steel, alloys, etc., aluminum pipes made of aluminum alloys, etc., copper pipes made of pure copper, copper alloys, etc., resin pipes made of polyvinyl chloride, polybutene, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc., and carbon fiber reinforced plastic pipes made of carbon fiber and epoxy resin, etc.

[0018] (First component) As shown in Fig. 2(a), the first component 2 is obtained by cutting the tubular member 1 as a component at a certain length in the longitudinal direction of the tubular member 1. The longitudinal direction in Fig. 2(b) is about 20 cm. Furthermore, since the Shippo pattern is made up of multiple components, in principle, the longitudinal dimensions of the components are all the same, and the outer diameter and plate thickness are the same. Furthermore, as will be described later, it is also possible to use first components constituting the three-dimensional structure with different longitudinal lengths.

[0019] As shown in Fig. 2(b) to Fig. 2(d), four first cutouts 3 extending downward from the upper end of the first component 2 are provided at predetermined equal intervals in the longitudinal direction of the first component 2. Therefore, the edge portions 4 between the first cutouts are all of equal size. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 2(d), the longitudinal length of the first cutouts 3 is set such that the downward tip of the first cutout 3 is approximately the midpoint of the longitudinal length of the first component. The predetermined equal intervals are determined by calculating the central angle θ (θ / 2 × 2) of the tubular member 1 shown in Fig. 3. Therefore, the length (circumference) of the edge portions 4 can be calculated using the central angle θ.

[0020] (Method of calculating central angle θ of tubular member 1) A method for calculating the central angle θ of the tubular member 1 will be described in detail with reference to Figures 3 to 7. Figure 3 shows the central angle θ of the tubular member 1. The central angle θ is tilted by 1 / 2θ to the left and right from the center line of the tubular member 1. As can be seen from this figure, the dimension of the arc of the outer diameter portion of the central angle θ is greater than the dimension of the arc of the inner diameter portion of the central angle θ.

[0021] The method of calculating the central angle θ is as follows: first, four tubular members 1 are arranged so as to be in contact with each other in a plan view as shown in Fig. 4(a). Next, as shown in Fig. 4(b), the tubular members 1 are arranged so that the intersection of the line segment ad from the center a to d of the four arranged tubular members 1 and the line segment bc overlaps with the center e of the tubular member 1.

[0022] Fig. 5 is a diagram in which, when five tubular members 1 are arranged as shown in Fig. 4(b), the tubular member 1 at center a, the tubular member 1 at center b, and the tubular member 1 at center e are extracted and re-coded. Note that in Fig. 5, the tubular member 1 at center e in Fig. 4(b) is changed to center A, and the tubular member 1 at center b in Fig. 4(b) is changed to center B. Also, the code for the tubular member 1 at center a remains unchanged. In Fig. 5, the outer diameter of tubular member 1 is R and the plate thickness is S. The tubular member 1 at center A is tubular member 1-1, the tubular member 1 at center B is tubular member 1-2, and the tubular member 1 at center a is component member 1-3. Furthermore, the point of contact between tubular member 1-2 and tubular member 1-3 is C. Furthermore, the point where the inner diameters of tubular member 1-1 and tubular member 1-2 contact each other is D, and the point where the inner diameters of tubular member 1-1 and tubular member 1-3 contact each other is E. Here, from FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, the central angle θ of the tubular member 1 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the central angle θ) is ∠DAE, and therefore θ / 2 is ∠CAD.

[0023] Next, △CAB will be explained using Figure 6. Figure 6 is a diagram in which the circles showing the inner and outer diameters of each tubular member 1 in Figure 5 have been removed for convenience. △CAB is an isosceles right triangle because AC=CB and ∠ACB=90°. Therefore, ∠CAB is 45°. Therefore, to find ∠CAD, first calculate ∠DAB and then subtract ∠DAB from 45°.

[0024] Next, △DAB will be explained using Figure 7. As is clear from Figure 7(b), DA and DB are the inside diameters of the tubular member 1, and so they are equal. Therefore, for convenience, let the line segments DA and DB be x. Also, let the line segment AB be y. Next, draw a perpendicular line from D to AB, and let F be the intersection point. △DAB is an isosceles triangle in which the line segments DA and DB are equal, so AF = 1 / 2y. Therefore, ∠DAF (=∠DAB) can be calculated by using the inverse function of a trigonometric function, and can be expressed as the following Equation 1.

[0025]

number

[0026] Next, if x and y in equation (1) are expressed using the outer diameter R and the plate thickness S, x is the value obtained by subtracting the plate thickness S from R / 2, which is half the outer diameter, so it can be expressed as the following equation (2).

[0027]

number

[0028] On the other hand, since △CAB in FIG. 6 is a right-angled isosceles triangle and line segments CA and CB are equal to the outer radius R, y can be expressed as in the following equation (3).

[0029]

number

[0030] By substituting equations (2) and (3) for x and y into equation (1) and rearranging, ∠DAF is expressed by the following equation (4).

[0031]

number

[0032] As mentioned above, ∠CAD is obtained by subtracting ∠DAB (=∠DAF) from 45°. In addition, the central angle θ is twice ∠CAD, so by rearranging these, it is expressed as the following equation (5).

[0033]

number

[0034] Equation (5) calculated as above includes the outer diameter R and the plate thickness S. Therefore, even when a wide variety of tubular members having thick or thin plate thicknesses or large or small outer diameters are used as constituent members, the central angle θ can be calculated by substituting the outer diameter R and plate thickness S of the tubular members into equation (5). As a result, the first constituent member 2 can be manufactured by cutting the tubular member 1 in the length direction and providing four notches at equal intervals. Note that the notches can be provided using various known means and devices such as a laser processing machine.

[0035] (Second component) The second component 5 will be described with reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. 8. The second component 5 is manufactured by using the first component 2. Specifically, the second component 5 is obtained by cutting the first component 2 along the line A-A' shown in FIG. 2(c). Here, the line A-A' is the center line of the first component 1. Therefore, when the second component 2 is viewed in plan, it has a semicircular shape of the first component 1 as shown in FIG. 8(b). In addition, since it is cut along the center line A-A', it is cut through the center of the first cutout portion 3 of the first component 2 in the short direction. As a result, the short dimension of the second cutout portion 6 formed in the second component 5 is half the length of the first cutout portion 3 in the short direction. On the other hand, the length dimension of the second component 5 is the same as that of the first component 2.

[0036] (Third component) The third component 7 is obtained by cutting the second component 5 along the line B-B' shown in FIG. 8(b). Here, the line B-B' is the center line of the second component 5. Therefore, when the second component 2 is viewed in plan, it has a quarter-circle shape of the first component 2 or a semicircle shape of the second component 5, as shown in FIG. 9(b). In addition, since it is cut along the center line B-B', it is cut through the center of the second cutout 3 of the second component 5 in the short side direction. As a result, the short side dimension of the third cutout 8 formed in the third component 7 is half the short side length of the first cutout 11, and is the same as the dimension of the second cutout 6. It is not necessary to manufacture the second and third components by cutting the first component, but they may be manufactured separately.

[0037] (How to assemble the three-dimensional structure that makes up the cloisonné pattern) FIG. 10 shows a method of assembling a three-dimensional structure that uses the first component member 2 to form a cloisonne pattern. 10(a) and 10(b) show, in plan view, a first cutout 3 of a first component member 2 fitted with a cutout 3 of another first component member 2. Next, FIGS. 10(b) and 10(c) show a member into which two first component members 2 are fitted, and a cutout 3 of another first component member 2 is further fitted. Next, FIGS. 10(c) and 10(d) show a member into which three first component members 2 are fitted, and a cutout 3 of another first component member 2 is further fitted. Next, FIG. 10(e) shows a member into which four first component members 2 are fitted, and a cutout 3 of another first component member is further fitted. In addition, in FIG. 10, the three-dimensional structure is assembled entirely using first component members 2. However, as described below, it is also possible to assemble the three-dimensional structure by fitting the first cutout portion 3 of the first component member 2 into the second cutout portion 6 of the second component member or the third cutout portion 8 of the third component member.

[0038] As described above, in this embodiment, the first component 2 is cut to manufacture the second component 5, and the second component 5 is cut to manufacture the third component 7. For this reason, the lengthwise dimensions of the components are approximately the same, so that when the three-dimensional structure is assembled, the components are assembled in a flush manner.

[0039] As can be seen from these figures, two first components 2 are fitted into the first cutout portion 3. As is clear from the figures (FIGS. 4(b) and 5) shown in the calculation method for the central angle θ, the first cutout portion 3 is premised on fitting therein two first components 2 having a thickness S of the plate S of the first components 2. Here, the central angle θ of the tubular member 1 described above is calculated taking into consideration the outer diameter R and plate thickness S, and therefore each cutout has a central angle θ from the inside to the outside. It is believed that by each cutout having θ, each component can be fitted together with high precision.

[0040] (The three-dimensional structure that creates the cloisonné pattern) In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, a structural unit of a design that constitutes a Shippo pattern is defined as a shape inscribed with four quarters of a circle when viewed in a plane. Therefore, when the structural unit of the cloisonné pattern is formed into a three-dimensional structure by combining a first structural member 2, a second structural member 5, and a third structural member 7, this can be represented by the combinations shown in Tables 1 to 5 below.

[0041] Table 1 is for the case where five first component members 1 are used (Pattern A). Table 2 is for the case where four first component members 1 are used (Pattern B). Table 3 is for the case where three first component members are used (Pattern C). Table 4 is for the case where two first component members are used (Pattern D). Table 5 is for the case where one first component member is used (Pattern E).

[0042] [Table 1]

[0043] [Table 2]

[0044] [Table 3]

[0045] [Table 4]

[0046] [Table 5]

[0047] The meanings of Tables 1 to 5 will be explained in detail with reference to FIGS. 12(a) and 12(b). Note that Fig. 12(a) is a diagram showing pattern A, and Fig. 12(b) is a diagram showing pattern B. The following are shown in the same manner up to pattern E in Fig. 12(e). Figure 12(a) shows that all of the designs that make up the Shippo pattern are expressed using the first component member 1. Note that the first component member 1 at the center is the required first component member. The following explanation will focus on the essential first component. Figure 12(b) shows a case where the design that constitutes the Shippo pattern is made by using three first components 1 around the essential first component, and using the second component 5 or the third component 7 for the remaining 1 / 4 of the circumference (shown by the dotted line). FIG. 12(c) shows a case where the design constituting the cloisonné pattern uses three first component members 2, and the remaining two 1 / 4 of the circumference (portions shown with dotted lines) are made up of the second component member 5 or the third component member 7. FIG. 12(d) shows a case where the design constituting the cloisonné pattern uses two first component members 2, and the remaining three 1 / 4 of the circumference (portions shown with dotted lines) are made up of the second component member 5 or the third component member 7. FIG. 12(e) shows a case where the design constituting the cloisonné pattern uses one first component member 2, and the remaining four 1 / 4 of the circumference (portions shown with dotted lines) are made up of the second component member 5 or the third component member 7.

[0048] As is clear from these tables, the constituent elements of the design that makes up the cloisonne pattern in this embodiment use the required first structural member 2, as well as a total of five of either the first structural member 2, the second structural member 5, or the third structural member 7. In other words, the three-dimensional structure of the present invention using tubular members as constituent members uses at least one first structural member 2, and further uses four of the first structural member 2, the second structural member 5 and the third structural member 7.

[0049] (Example of the first embodiment) (Specific manufacturing method of the three-dimensional structure that constitutes the cloisonné pattern) An example will be described in which a three-dimensional structure with a cloisonne pattern was manufactured using carbon steel pipes for plumbing. The carbon steel pipes used for piping had an outside diameter of 69.9 mm and a plate thickness of 3.5 mm. Next, by substituting the outer diameter and plate thickness into equation (5), the result was θ = 6.211°. Next, the carbon steel pipe for piping was cut to about 15 cm, and four notches were created using a laser welding machine to manufacture the first component. More specifically, a notch of θ was created using a laser processing machine, then a notch was created at a position rotated 90°, then a notch was created at a position rotated 90°, and then a notch was created at a position rotated 90°. Then, a second component was produced from the first component, and a third component was produced from the second component. A three-dimensional structure that constitutes the cloisonné pattern was manufactured from the first, second, and third components. At this time, a minimum amount of welding was performed for reinforcement. Figure 13 shows a photograph of the manufactured three-dimensional structure. From this photograph, it can be confirmed that the cloisonné pattern is formed when viewed from the front.

[0050] Second Embodiment By increasing the longitudinal length of any one of the first, second and third components, it can be used as a pair of legs supporting a tabletop. In this embodiment, the longitudinal dimension of the four first components is increased. (In FIG. 14, this is called the first component 1'.) Note that the first to third components and the manufacturing method are the same as those in the example of the first embodiment, and therefore will not be described.

[0051] Fig. 14 shows a perspective view of this embodiment, Fig. 15 shows a plan view of this embodiment, and Fig. 16 shows a front view of this embodiment.

[0052] (Another use example of the three-dimensional structure according to the present invention) The three-dimensional structure according to the present invention can be installed on the entire inside of the glass surface of a glass-walled building, for example. By installing the three-dimensional structure in such a position that it can be seen from the outside, the building can be made to have an excellent design. In addition, since the three-dimensional structure according to this embodiment has few voids, it is extremely difficult for animals and other living things to invade from the outside world. Therefore, it is possible to install the three-dimensional structure according to this embodiment not only for design purposes but also for crime prevention purposes. [Explanation of symbols]

[0053] 1 Tubular member 2. First Component 3 First notch 4 Edge portion between first notches 5. Second component 6 Second notch 7. Third component 8 Third notch

Claims

1. A three-dimensional structure using a plurality of tubular first component members, The tubular first component member has a notch extending from an upper end downward in a longitudinal direction, The cutouts are provided at equal intervals, The notches of the tubular first components are fitted together, The three-dimensional structure, wherein the tubular first component member is any one of a steel pipe, an aluminum pipe, a copper pipe, a resin pipe, and a carbon fiber reinforced plastic pipe.

2. The three-dimensional structure according to claim 1 , wherein the interval between the cutout portions of the component members is set based on a value of θ calculated by the following formula: (The outer diameter of the first component is R and the plate thickness is S.)

3. The lower end of the cutout of the first component is the midpoint of the longitudinal dimension, The three-dimensional structure according to claim 1 , wherein the first component member is obtained by cutting a tubular member to a fixed dimension in the longitudinal direction.

4. The three-dimensional structure according to claim 1 , wherein five of the tubular first component members are used, and four of the other first component members are fitted to the first component members.

5. A three-dimensional structure using a plurality of tubular first component members and tubular second component members, The tubular first component member has a notch extending from an upper end downward in a longitudinal direction, The cutouts are provided at equal intervals, the tubular second component is formed by cutting the tubular first component, A three-dimensional structure, in which the notched portion of the tubular first component member and the notched portion of the tubular second component member are fitted into each other.

6. The three-dimensional structure according to claim 5 , wherein the interval between the cutout portions of the component members is set based on a value of θ calculated by the following formula: (The outer diameter of the first component is R and the plate thickness is S.)

7. The three-dimensional structure according to claim 5 , wherein a downward tip of the cutout portion of the first component member is a midpoint of a longitudinal dimension.

8. At least one of the tubular first components is used; The three-dimensional structure according to any one of claims 5 to 7, further comprising four of the tubular first constituent members and the tubular second constituent members.

9. A three-dimensional structure using a plurality of tubular first constituent members, a tubular second constituent members, and a tubular third constituent member, The tubular first component member has a notch extending from an upper end downward in a longitudinal direction, The cutouts are provided at equal intervals, the tubular second component is formed by cutting the tubular first component, the tubular third component member is formed by cutting the tubular second component member, A three-dimensional structure, in which the cutout portion of the tubular first component member, the cutout portion of the tubular second component member, and the tubular third component member are fitted together.

10. The three-dimensional structure according to claim 9 , wherein the interval between the cutout portions of the component members is set based on a value of θ calculated by the following formula: (The outer diameter of the first component is R and the plate thickness is S.)

11. The three-dimensional structure according to claim 9 , wherein a downward tip of the cutout portion of the first component member is a midpoint of a longitudinal dimension.

12. At least one of the tubular first components is used; The three-dimensional structure according to any one of claims 9 to 11, further comprising four of the tubular first component member, the tubular second component member, and the tubular third component member.

13. When the outer diameter of the tubular member is R, the plate thickness is S, and the central angle between the notch and the tubular member is θ, A method for calculating a central angle θ for providing a notch portion in the tubular member, comprising the steps of: The method for calculating the central angle θ comprises calculating the central angle θ by the following formula:

Images