Crushing device

Abstract

To provide a crusher which enables improvement of workability of maintenance work.SOLUTION: A crusher 10 includes: a rotation structure 20 (refer to Fig. 3) attached with a ring hammer etc.; a body 11 which rotatably supports the rotation structure 20; and a wall part 70 which encloses the rotation structure 20. The wall part 70 includes: a rear wall part 72 supported by the body 11; and movable walls 76, 78 which are attached to the rear wall part 72 through hinges 76A, 76B, 78A, 78B in an openable and closable manner.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a crushing device.

Background Art

[0002] There has been developed a crushing device that separates materials by crushing articles including electrical appliances such as refrigerators and air conditioners into crushed pieces of iron, non-ferrous metals, plastics, etc.

[0003] This crushing device includes a rotating structure formed by stacking a plurality of rotors, and a wall portion surrounding the rotating structure. A plurality of striking members are pivotally supported on the outer peripheral portion of the rotor, and the striking members are configured to repeatedly apply a striking force to the articles introduced while rotating with the rotation of the rotating structure to crush them.

[0004] Also, in such a crushing device, when the striking members are worn due to striking or the like, replacement work needs to be performed, or various maintenance works such as checking whether there is an abnormality in the rotating structure need to be performed. However, since the rotating structure is surrounded by the wall portion, there is a problem that maintenance work is difficult to perform.

[0005] Patent Document 1 discloses a crushing device including a rotating structure in which striking members are pivotally supported on the outer peripheral portion, and a shell arranged to surround the rotating structure, and configured to sandwich and crush the object to be crushed by applying a strike to the object to be crushed through the striking members as the rotating structure rotates.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0006]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0007] In the crushing device described in the above Patent Document 1, although the object to be crushed can be crushed, there is a problem that maintenance work is difficult because the rotating structure is surrounded by a shell (wall portion).

[0008] An object of the present invention is to provide a crushing device capable of improving the workability of maintenance work.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0009] The crushing device of the present invention includes a rotating structure to which a striking member used for crushing treatment is attached, a main body portion that rotatably supports the rotating structure, and a wall portion that surrounds the rotating structure, and is a crushing device that crushes an article by the striking of the striking member, wherein the wall portion includes the main body portion Installed on the pedestal included in a wall main body and a movable wall portion that is attached to the wall main body via a hinge so as to be openable and closable , the pedestal is configured to slidably support the movable wall portion via a plurality of sliding plates arranged on the upper surface of the pedestal so that the movable wall portion does not tilt due to its own weight.

[0010] In the crushing device of the present invention, The plurality of sliding plates when the movable wall portion rotates, at least one Sliding plate supports the movable wall portion Are respectively arranged on the pedestal may be used.

[0011] In the crushing device of the present invention, it may include a cylinder having one end pivotally supported on the movable wall portion and a drive portion for expanding and contracting the cylinder, and the movable wall portion may be configured to open and close by expanding and contracting the cylinder via the drive portion. Also, in the crushing device of the present invention, the movable wall Portion may be constituted by a pair of left and right double-opening type movable walls.

Effects of the Invention

[0012] According to the crushing device of the present invention, by opening the movable wall, it is possible to easily access the inside of the wall portion, so that maintenance work can be easily performed. Therefore, the workability of maintenance work can be improved.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0013]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0014] The crushing device 10 which is an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the X direction indicates the depth direction, the Y direction indicates the width direction, and the Z direction indicates the vertical direction. FIG. 1 is a side view of the crushing device 10 which is an embodiment of the present invention. Also, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the crushing device 10 shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 1, in order to avoid complicated illustrations, illustrations of some components such as an opening adjustment mechanism, a lock mechanism, and an opening / closing cylinder which will be described later are omitted and shown in a simplified manner. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the crushing device 10 has a main body (Main body part) 11 having a function of crushing articles including electric appliances such as refrigerators and air conditioners, a drive unit 12 for supplying a driving force to the main body 11, and a control panel 100 for comprehensively controlling the operation of the main body 11 and the drive unit 12.

[0015] Figure 3 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of the crushing device 10 when cut along line B-B shown in Figure 2. In Figure 3, some illustrations are omitted to avoid frequent illustration, and cross-sectional hatching is also omitted. As shown in Figure 3, the main body 11 includes a rotating structure 20 attached to the rotating shaft AX with rotors 22, 24, 26, 28 stacked at predetermined intervals, a wall portion 70 disposed so as to surround the rotating structure 20, and a pedestal 40 on which the rotating structure 20 and the wall portion 70 are installed. The upper and lower end portions of this rotating structure 20 are pivotally supported by a rotating support portion 16 and a rotating support portion 18, respectively.

[0016] Next, the configuration of the rotors 22, 24, 26 constituting the rotating structure 20 will be described. As shown in Figure 3, on the outer peripheral portion of the upper surface of the rotor 22, four swing hammers (striking members) 23A, 23B, 23C, 23D used for crushing treatment (hereinafter, when there is no need for particular distinction, referred to as swing hammer "23") are rotatably attached to the rotor 22 at equal intervals. The rotors 24, 26 have the same configuration as the rotor 22, and swing hammers having the same configuration as the swing hammer 23 are attached thereto.

[0017] Here, Figure 4 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of the crushing device 10 when cut along line A-A shown in Figure 1. In Figure 4, some cross-sectional hatching is omitted to avoid frequent illustration. The rotor 28 disposed at the lowermost part as shown in Figure 4 has a configuration different from that of the rotor 22 described above in that swing hammers 27A, 27B, 27C, 27D (hereinafter, when there is no need for particular distinction, referred to as swing hammer "27") having the same configuration as the above-described swing hammer 23 and ring hammers (striking members) 29A, 29B, 29C, 29D (hereinafter, when there is no need for particular distinction, referred to as ring hammer "29") are attached so as to be stacked in two upper and lower stages, but other configurations are substantially the same as those of the rotor 22.

[0018] Alternatively, the swing hammer 27 and the ring hammer 29 may be arranged with their vertical positions swapped. Further, for the swing hammers 27A, 27C and the ring hammers 29A, 29C that are arranged opposite to each other, they may be stacked such that the swing hammers are on the upper side and the ring hammers are on the lower side, and for the swing hammers 27B, 27D and the ring hammers 29B, 29D, they may be stacked such that the ring hammers are on the upper side and the swing hammers are on the lower side.

[0019] In the rotor 22 located at the lowermost part as described above, by stacking the swing hammer 27 and the ring hammer 29 in two vertical layers, the crushed pieces can be efficiently pushed out towards 41A, 41B, 41C, … which will be described later.

[0020] As shown in FIG. 4, directly below the rotor 28 located at the lowermost part of the rotating structure 20, primary discharge ports 41A, 41B, 41C, … (hereinafter referred to as primary discharge ports “41”) that are substantially square-shaped and equally spaced on the same circumference are provided on floor plates 42A, 42B, 42C, … attached to the inner peripheral sides of the base plates 46, 48, 49. Each of the base plates 46, 48, 49 is provided with an opening adjustment mechanism 60A, 60B, 60C, … (hereinafter referred to as opening adjustment mechanism “60” unless otherwise distinguished) having the same configuration for adjusting the size of the opening of each primary discharge port 41. The configuration of the opening adjustment mechanism 60 will be described in detail later.

[0021] Also, as shown in FIG. 3, between the rotating structure 20 and the rotation support portion 18, a cylindrical body 50 with a flange is attached. Fins 52, 54 are attached to the cylindrical body 50 with a flange so as to protrude radially outward, and the fins 52, 54 push out the crushed pieces falling from the primary discharge port 41 located directly above along with the rotation of the cylindrical body 50 with a flange towards the secondary discharge port 43 located radially outside of the cylindrical body 50. In this way, the crushed pieces are discharged to the outside of the device from the secondary discharge port 43.

[0022] As shown in FIG. 2, the wall portion 70 includes a rear wall portion (wall main body) 72 disposed so as to surround the rear side of the rotating structure 20, and a front wall portion 74 disposed so as to surround the front of the rotating structure 20. The front wall portion 74 includes a pair of left and right movable walls (Movable wall part) 76 and 78, which are respectively arranged on the left and right when viewed from the front side. Both movable walls 76 and 78 are double-opening type movable walls, and are respectively attached to the rear wall portion 72 via hinges 76A, 76B, 78A, and 78B. As shown by the dashed line in FIG. 2, the movable wall 78 is supported so as to be openable and closable by about 45 degrees to the right when viewed from the front side. Similarly, the movable wall 78 is supported so as to be openable and closable by about 45 degrees to the left when viewed from the front side. In this way, by making the front wall portion 74 of the double-opening type, the rotation radius of the movable wall can be made smaller than when the wall portion 74 is of the single-opening type, and the weight of the movable wall is also reduced, so that there is an advantage that the opening and closing operation is easy.

[0023] As shown in FIG. 4, both movable walls 76 and 78 are erected on base plates 46 and 48 that are slidably placed on the pedestal 40, and the rear wall portion 72 is erected on a base plate 49 that is fixedly supported on the pedestal 40. Further, opening and closing cylinders 83 and 84 are respectively attached between the base plates 46 and 48 on which both movable walls 76 and 78 are erected and the base plate 49 on which the rear wall portion 72 is erected. Since the configurations of the opening and closing cylinders 83 and 84 are the same, only the configuration of the opening and closing cylinder 83 will be described below. As shown in FIG. 4, the opening and closing cylinder 83 has both ends pivotally supported on the movable wall 76 and the rear wall portion 72 via plates 76L and 72L having a substantially triangular shape in plan view, and is driven by using an electric motor or hydraulic pressure. The opening and closing cylinder 83 is controlled to expand and contract based on a control signal from a control panel 100 described later.

[0024] As shown in Fig. 2, ribs 76R, 78R, and 72R are respectively provided on both movable walls 76, 78 and the rear wall portion 72 along the ends that abut against each other when the movable walls 76, 78 are closed. Further, at the lower front ends of the ribs 76R, 78R, it is preferable to provide notch portions 76C, 78C that are substantially V-shaped in plan view in order to drive a wedge KU into the gap between the two movable walls 76, 78 using a striking means such as a hammer when opening the movable walls 76, 78. Thereby, when the left and right movable walls 76, 78 are difficult to open, it becomes possible to forcibly open them by driving the wedge KU into the notch portions 76C, 78C.

[0025] Also, support columns H1, H2 are installed at slightly forward positions of the respective movable walls 76, 78 shown by dashed lines in Fig. 2, and engaging means such as eyebolts are respectively attached to the support columns H1, H2 and the movable walls 76, 78. By engaging a pulling means such as a chain block with both engaging means, the movable walls 76, 78 may be rotated forward from the closed position. Also in this case, when the two movable walls 76, 78 are difficult to open, it becomes possible to forcibly open the two movable walls 76, 78.

[0026] Fig. 5 is a view showing a state where the left and right movable walls 76, 78 are open. As shown in Fig. 5, a pedestal 40 located directly below the base plates 46, 48 is provided with a recess SP that is substantially annular in plan view so as to surround the rotating structure 20. This recess SP is a space in which a cylindrical body 50 with a flange rotates. And further, the upper surface 40-1 of the pedestal 40 is formed annularly so as to surround this recess SP.

[0027] A plurality of sliding plates 80A, 80B, 80C, 80D, 80E are attached to this upper surface 40-1 of the pedestal. The sliding plates 80A to 80E are plate materials to which a plurality of sliding bearings are attached, and are configured such that the sliding bearings protrude slightly from the upper surface 40-1 of the pedestal 40. Thereby, when the movable walls 76, 78 open and close, the movable walls 76, 78 can be slidably supported by the sliding plates 80A to 80E so as not to tilt due to their own weight, and the opening and closing operations of the movable walls 76, 78 can be performed smoothly.

[0028] In this embodiment, while the movable walls 76 and 78 rotate from the closed position to the fully open position, the sliding plates 80A to 80E are arranged corresponding to the movable ranges of the two movable walls 76 and 78 so that the two movable walls 76 and 78 are supported by any one of the sliding plates 80A to 80E.

[0029] As shown in FIG. 2, it is preferable to attach covers 73, 77, and 79 to the upper portions of the rear wall portion 72 and the two movable walls 76 and 78, respectively. The cover 73 of the rear wall portion 72 is provided with an inlet 73A for loading articles into the apparatus. Articles are sequentially loaded into this inlet 73A using conveying means such as a belt conveyor (not shown).

[0030] As shown by the dashed line in FIG. 1, locking mechanisms 90-1 to 90-11 having a function of fixing the left and right movable walls 76 and 78 in the closed position are provided on the respective ribs 72R, 76R, and 78R. Since the configurations of the respective locking mechanisms 90-1 to 90-11 are the same, the configuration will be described by taking the locking mechanism 90-1 (hereinafter referred to as "locking mechanism 90" when there is no need for particular distinction) as an example.

[0031] FIG. 6(a) is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the locking mechanism 90 in a plan view. FIG. 6(b) is a side view showing the configuration of the locking mechanism 90 shown in FIG. 6(a). FIG. 6(c) is a side view showing the configuration of the locking mechanism 90 in a locked state.

[0032] As shown in FIGS. 6(a) and 6(b), the locking mechanism 90 includes a fixing lever 91 having a substantially L-shaped side view and a fixing pedestal 92 having a trapezoidal side view with an inclined surface 92S for fixing the fixing lever 91. The fixing lever 91 is pivotally supported by a support base 93 adjacently disposed to one rib 78R so as to straddle the ribs 76R and 78R provided at the portions where the covers 77 and 79 of the two movable walls 76 and 78 abut in the state where the left and right movable walls 76 and 78 are closed, and the tip side is formed in a bifurcated shape to sandwich the fixing bolt BT.

[0033] The fixing lever 91 can be unlocked by rotating it backward, that is, to the side away from the fixing pedestal 92 as shown by the dashed line in Fig. 6(b), so as to retract it from the fixing pedestal 92. On the other hand, the fixing pedestal 92 is attached adjacent to the rib 76R, and a fixing bolt BT for fixing the fixing lever 91 is rotatably attached to the central part. Then, with the fixing lever 91 rotated toward the fixing pedestal 92 as shown by the solid line in Fig. 6(b), the fixing bolt BT is rotated 90 degrees from the retracted position shown by the solid line in Fig. 6(b) to the fixed position shown by the dashed line in Fig. 6(b), and then the nut NT is tightened to press the fixing lever 91 against the inclined surface 92S of the fixing pedestal 92. Thereby, a tightening force acts to bring the movable walls 76, 78 into close contact with each other via the fixing pedestal 92, so that the movable walls 76, 78 can be fixed at the closed position.

[0034] On the other hand, when opening the movable walls 76, 78, first loosen the nut NT, then move the fixing bolt BT from the fixed position shown in Fig. 6(c) to the retracted position shown by the solid line in Fig. 6(b), and then rotate the fixing lever 91 to the retracted position shown by the dashed line in Fig. 6(b). Thereby, the movable walls 76, 78 can be opened.

[0035] Subsequently, the configuration of the opening adjustment mechanism 60B (hereinafter, referred to as "opening adjustment mechanism 60" when there is no need for particular distinction) will be described with reference to Figs. 7(a) to 7(d). Fig. 7(a) is a perspective view showing the configuration of the primary discharge port 41 in the fully open state, and Fig. 7(b) is a plan view showing the configuration of the primary discharge port 41 in the fully open state. On the other hand, Fig. 7(c) is a perspective view showing the state where the primary discharge port 41 is completely closed, and Fig. 7(d) is a plan view showing the state where the primary discharge port 41 is completely closed.

[0036] As shown in FIGS. 7(a) and 7(b), the opening adjustment mechanism 60 is provided corresponding to each primary discharge port 41, and has a shielding plate 62 that serves to shield part or all of the opening of the discharge port 41, a swing arm 64 that slides the shielding plate 62 in a direction approaching or away from the rotor 28 (see FIG. 4), and a drive unit 67 that drives the swing arm 64. The shielding plate 62 has a substantially rectangular outer shape in plan view, and a shaft support portion 62A is provided on the upper surface of the outer end portion. The shielding plate 62 is inserted into an opening (not shown) provided in the rear wall portion 72, and is arranged to be movable in a direction approaching or separating from the rotary structure 20 (hereinafter referred to as the reciprocating direction).

[0037] Further, guide blocks 63A and 63B for guiding the movement of the shielding plate 62 are arranged on both sides of the shielding plate 62, and the shielding plate 62 is attached in a state where a pressing block 63C is installed between the two blocks 63A and 63B. Thereby, the shielding plate 62 is guided so as to move only in the reciprocating direction.

[0038] As shown in FIG. 7(a), the swing arm 64 is a rod-shaped member having a substantially square cross-section, and through holes 64A and 64B are provided at the upper end portion and the central portion, respectively. A long hole 64C is provided at the lower end portion of the swing arm 64, and is connected to the shielding plate 62 in a rotatable state by inserting a mounting pin P1 inserted through the shaft support portion 62A of the shielding plate 62 described above. Further, the swing arm 64 is rotatably supported in a state of being sandwiched between both support bases 65 and 66 by inserting a pin P2 attached so as to penetrate the upper end portions of a pair of support bases 65 and 66 erected on the shielding plate 62 through a through hole 64B provided in the central portion.

[0039] The pair of support bases 65 and 66 are arranged to face each other with the shielding plate 62 sandwiched therebetween, and have a function of guiding the reciprocating movement of the shielding plate 62 in the same manner as the guide blocks 63A and 63B. The longitudinal dimension L of the long hole 64C in the swing arm 64 described above is set to be equal to or longer than the dimension necessary for moving the shielding plate 62 shown in FIG. 7(b) from the position where the primary discharge port 41 is fully open to the position where the primary discharge port 41 shown in FIG. 7(d) is in a fully closed state where it is completely closed.

[0040] Also, as shown in FIGS. 7(a) and 7(b), the drive unit 67 is a telescopic mechanism driven by an electric motor, and one end side is rotatably connected to a shaft support portion 72W provided on the rear wall portion 72, and has a telescopic arm 67A configured to be telescopic. Further, by inserting a mounting pin P3 attached to the tip of the telescopic arm 67A into the through hole 64A of the swing arm 64, the swing arm 64 is connected to the telescopic arm 67A in a rotatable state. Then, as shown in FIGS. 7(a) and 7(b), when the telescopic arm 67A contracts, the shielding plate 62 moves outward via the swing arm 64. Thereby, the primary discharge port 41 can be brought into a fully open state.

[0041] On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 7(c) and 7(d), when the telescopic arm 67A extends, the shielding plate 62 moves inward via the swing arm 64, and the primary discharge port 41 can be brought into a fully closed state, in other words, a completely closed state. Also, as shown by the dashed line in FIG. 7(b), by adjusting the telescopic amount of the drive unit 67 via a control panel 100 described later, the size of the opening of the primary discharge port 41, in other words, the opening area, can be adjusted, and thus the size of the crushed pieces discharged from the primary discharge port 41 can be adjusted.

[0042] In this way, by reciprocating the swing arm 64 by the driving force of the drive unit 67 arranged directly above the shielding plate 62, it is possible to reduce the overhang to the outside of the main body 11 compared to the case where the drive unit 67 is installed outside the longitudinal direction of the shielding plate 62.

[0043] In this embodiment, an example is given in which the drive unit 67 is a telescopic mechanism driven by an electric motor, but a telescopic mechanism driven by hydraulic pressure may also be used. However, when using hydraulic pressure, it is also necessary to separately provide a position sensor or the like to confirm the displacement amount of the shielding plate 62. Therefore, it is more preferable to use an electric motor as in this embodiment.

[0044] Also, as shown in FIG. 3, a pulley 68 fixed to the rotation axis AX of the rotation structure 20 is attached below the rotation support portion 18. A transmission means (not shown) such as a belt is bridged between this pulley 68 and the drive unit 12 installed at the rear portion of the main body 11, and the rotation axis AX is rotationally driven by the drive unit 12 (see FIG. 2) via the transmission means.

[0045] Subsequently, the cleaning operation using the rotation structure 20 shown in FIG. 4 will be described. The control panel 100 (see FIG. 1) includes a switch 101 for executing the cleaning operation mode, and the cleaning operation is executed when this switch 101 is operated. In this cleaning operation, the control panel 100 rotationally drives the rotation structure 20 for a certain period (for example, 10 minutes) while controlling the opening adjustment mechanism 60 so that the primary discharge port 41 is in a fully open state. By executing such a cleaning operation mode, the crushed pieces remaining on the upper surface of the shielding plate 62 and the inside of the wall portion 70 can be discharged from the primary discharge port 41. Therefore, when the movable walls 76 and 78 are opened, the crushed pieces remaining inside the wall portion 70 can be reduced, making maintenance work easier.

[0046] Also, when changing the type of crushed material, it is necessary to remove the crushed pieces remaining inside the wall portion 70 once. In such a case, by executing the above-described cleaning operation, it is possible to prevent different types of crushed pieces from being mixed in. Also, in the cleaning operation, an example is given in which the control panel 100 controls the opening adjustment mechanism 60 so that the primary discharge port 41 is in a fully open state. However, the control panel 100 may control the opening adjustment mechanism 60 so that the opening area of the primary discharge port 41 changes stepwise during the cleaning operation. Also in this case, the crushed pieces remaining on the upper surface of the shielding plate 62 and its surroundings can be removed.

[0047] According to the crushing device 10 of the present embodiment, by using the drive unit 67 disposed between the swing arm 64 and the wall portion 70 to bias the shielding plate 62 in a direction approaching or separating from the rotating structure 20, the size of the opening of the primary discharge port 41 can be adjusted. Therefore, the size of the opening of the primary discharge port 41 can be adjusted while suppressing the enlargement of the crushing device 10.

[0048] Also, according to the crushing device 10 of the present embodiment, by opening the movable walls 76 and 78, it is possible to easily access the inside of the wall portion 70. Therefore, maintenance work such as replacement of the rotating structure 20, each hammer 23, 27, 29, etc. disposed inside the wall portion 70 can be easily performed, and the workability of the maintenance work can also be improved.

[0049] The present invention can also be implemented in various modified, corrected, or deformed forms based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit thereof. Also, within the range where the same action or effect is produced, it may be implemented in a form in which any of the invention-specific matters is replaced with other technologies.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0050] 10 Crushing device 11 Main body (Main body part) 12 Drive unit 41, 41A, 41B, 41C Temporary discharge port 60, 60A, 60B, 60C Opening adjustment mechanism 62 Shielding plate 64 Swing arm 65, 66 Drive unit 67 Drive unit 67A Telescopic arm 70 Wall portion 72 Rear wall portion (wall main body) 74 Front wall portion 76, 78 Movable wall (Movable wall part) 80A, 80B, 80C, 80D, 80E Sliding plate 100 Operation panel (control unit)

Claims

1. A crushing device comprising a rotating structure to which a striking member used for crushing is attached, a main body portion that rotatably supports the rotating structure, and a wall portion that surrounds the rotating structure, and crushing an article by the striking of the striking member, wherein the wall portion includes a wall main body installed on a pedestal included in the main body portion, and a movable wall portion attached to the wall main body via a hinge so as to be openable and closable, the pedestal is configured to slidably support the movable wall portion via a plurality of sliding plates disposed on an upper surface of the pedestal so that the movable wall portion does not tilt by its own weight, a crushing device.

2. The plurality of sliding plates are each disposed on the pedestal so that at least one sliding plate supports the movable wall portion when the movable wall portion rotates. The crushing device according to Claim 1.

3. including a cylinder having one end pivotally supported on the movable wall portion, and a drive portion that expands and contracts the cylinder, the movable wall portion is configured to open and close by expanding and contracting the cylinder via the drive portion. The crushing device according to Claim 1.

4. the movable wall portion is constituted by a pair of left and right double-opening type movable walls. The crushing device according to any one of Claims 1 to 3.

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