Manufacturing method of carbide fertilizer

Abstract

To provide a carbide fertilizer capable of maximizing supply of microelements by effectively using livestock excretion and the like.SOLUTION: A manufacturing method of a carbide fertilizer includes at least: a first step of obtaining plural kinds of carbide raw material (2) each containing, in a predetermined first component composition, one or more kinds of chemical component (A) by carbonizing each of one or more kinds of uncarbonized raw material (1) being a waste organic material at plural carbonizing temperatures (6); and a second step of obtaining a primary carbide fertilizer (3) each containing, in a predetermined second component composition (B), one or more kinds of the chemical component (A) by blending, with a predetermined blending ratio (C), one or more kinds of the carbide raw material (2) selected from the plural kinds of the carbide raw material (2).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for producing a carbonized fertilizer using carbonized raw materials obtained from unused resources such as livestock manure, rural wastewater sludge, crop residues, and food, which have previously been considered waste organic matter, in order to supply essential components required for crop growth, which are essential in agricultural production. [Background technology]

[0002] To increase the productivity of field crops, it is essential to promote intensive utilization and productivity improvement, and to develop high-value-added agriculture through the cultivation of a variety of crops. To achieve this, fertilization techniques are needed to improve the chemical properties of farmland, which determines the productivity of field crops. Among these, it is necessary to reliably supply phosphorus, which ensures the viability and growth of crops, and trace elements, which are essential components even in very small amounts. It is hoped that these components can be supplied using fewer and cheaper materials, and that the supplied components will function for a longer period of time.

[0003] Furthermore, since Japan relies on imports for almost all of the phosphorus, nitrogen, and other nutrients necessary for agricultural production, there is a need for effective utilization of these nutrients. Meanwhile, in livestock farming, which relies on imports for feed for livestock production, the nutrients contained in livestock manure are returned to farmland in the form of compost, but poultry manure, which contains large amounts of trace elements, is often discarded and not effectively utilized. Processing unused resources such as livestock manure, municipal wastewater sludge, crop residues, and food, which have previously been considered waste organic matter, into carbonized materials or resource ash and recycling them as fertilizer (including soil improvement materials) on farmland would be effective in recycling resources and reducing fertilizer costs.

[0004] Additionally, previously, chemical fertilizers, which are made solely from chemical ingredients and have stable components, and organic fertilizers, such as compost made from organic raw materials, which have unstable components, could not be handled as mixed products. As a result, they were used separately, and when used, such as spraying, it was time-consuming and inflexible, requiring multiple applications. However, with the revision of regulations regarding fertilizer blending that came into effect on December 1, 2020, it has become possible to distribute products that combine organic fertilizers, such as compost, with chemical fertilizers. This is expected to promote the technology of materials that combine fertilizers made from organic resources such as livestock manure with chemical fertilizers.

[0005] Furthermore, research into carbonized organic resources such as livestock manure has been conducted as part of a recent effort to combat global warming by storing carbon in soil, but knowledge about this topic is extremely limited worldwide. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] JP 54-45265 A (Method for producing compound fertilizer containing potassium silicate as the main component) [Patent Document 2] JP 54-49872 A (Method for producing chelated trace element fertilizer using nitrohumic acid as raw material) [Patent Document 3] JP 54-146765 A (Fertilizer composition containing trace elements) [Patent Document 4] JP 55-130886 A (New chemical fertilizer and its manufacturing method) [Patent Document 5] JP 2006-158384 A (Method for adjusting culture solution for hydroponics and method for supplying trace elements) [Non-patent literature]

[0007] [Non-Patent Document 1] "Highly soluble silicate fertilizer material produced by low-temperature combustion of rice husks" National Agricultural Research Center, 2004 results information Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] The conventional techniques for fertilizers using carbonized organic resources such as livestock manure have the following problems. (1) It is not possible to adjust the concentration, solubility, etc. of each chemical component of trace elements contained in carbonized organic resources. (2) The solubility and availability of trace elements in the carbonized organic material, which depend on the carbonization temperature, were unknown. (3) There was no way to use the carbonized organic resources for different purposes by coating, powdering, mixing, or intermixing them with other raw materials depending on their chemical components. (4) There was no fertilizer structure that took into account the supply of nutrients from carbonized materials in the soil or near plants.

[0009] In view of the above-mentioned current situation, the present invention aims to provide a method for producing a fertilizer for supplying trace elements, which are essential components required for crop growth and are indispensable in agricultural production, using unused resources such as livestock manure, rural wastewater sludge, crop residues, and food, which have previously been considered waste organic matter, and to provide the fertilizer. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following configuration: Note that the numbers in parentheses are symbols in the drawings to be described later, and are provided for reference. - An embodiment of the present invention includes a first step of carbonizing one or more types of uncarbonized raw materials (1) that are waste organic matter at a plurality of carbonization temperatures (6) to obtain a plurality of types of carbonized raw materials (2) each containing one or more types of chemical components (A) in a predetermined first component composition; and a second step of blending one or more carbide raw materials (2) selected from the plurality of types of carbide raw materials (2) in a predetermined blending ratio (C) to obtain a primary carbide fertilizer (3) containing one or more types of chemical components (A) in a predetermined second component composition (B). In the above aspect, it is preferable to further include a third step of processing the solid primary carbide fertilizer (3) into powder or fine powder to obtain a powder or fine powder secondary carbide fertilizer (4). - Preferably, the third step further comprises a step of adding a liquid to the fine powder secondary carbide fertilizer (4) to obtain a semi-solid or liquid secondary carbide fertilizer (4). In the above aspect, it is preferable to further include a fourth step of obtaining granular or pellet-shaped tertiary carbonized fertilizer (54, 55) by adding a solidifying agent to the primary carbonized fertilizer (3) or the secondary carbonized fertilizer (4). - It is preferable that the fourth step further comprises a step of adding a granular raw material material (30) containing at least nitrogen to the tertiary carbonized fertilizer (54, 55) to obtain a tertiary carbonized fertilizer (57) as a mixture in which the tertiary carbonized fertilizer (54, 55) and the raw material material (30) are mixed in the form of single particles. In the above aspect, it is preferable to further include a fourth step of adding a raw material material (30) containing at least nitrogen and a solidifying agent to the primary carbonized fertilizer (3) or the secondary carbonized fertilizer (4) to obtain a tertiary carbonized fertilizer (56) as a solidified molded product in which the primary or secondary carbonized fertilizer (3, 4) and the raw material material (30) are mixed within a single grain. In the above-mentioned embodiment, it is preferable to further include a fourth step of covering the surface of a single grain of the granular raw material material (30) containing at least nitrogen with a buffer film (40), and further coating or applying the secondary carbide fertilizer (4) in a fine powder or liquid form on the surface of the buffer film (40), thereby obtaining a tertiary carbide fertilizer (58) in which the secondary carbide fertilizer (4) and the raw material material (30) are separated. In the above-mentioned embodiment, it is preferable to further include a fourth step of obtaining a tertiary carbide fertilizer (59) by directly coating or applying the secondary carbide fertilizer (4) in fine powder or liquid form to the surface of a single grain of the granular raw material material (30) containing at least nitrogen. In the above aspect, in the second step, the one or more carbide raw materials (2) are selected and blended so as to maximize the concentration or the solubility or elution in soil of at least one chemical component of the one or more chemical components (A) in the primary carbide fertilizer (3). do. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] This invention carbonizes unused resources, such as livestock manure, municipal wastewater sludge, crop residues, and food, which have previously been considered waste organic matter, at multiple carbonization temperatures to produce multiple types of carbonized raw materials. It has been revealed that the concentration, solubility, or elution of trace elements contained in these carbonized raw materials varies depending on the carbonization temperature. By utilizing this, a manufacturing method has been realized for obtaining primary carbonized fertilizers with ideal chemical compositions by combining one or more carbonized raw materials so as to optimize or maximize the concentration, solubility, or elution of one or more desired chemical components.

[0012] Primary carbonized fertilizers made by combining carbonized raw materials can be further processed into powder, fine powder, semi-solid, liquid, granular, or pellet form, and / or mixed with nitrogen-containing raw materials to produce secondary or tertiary carbonized fertilizers, which makes the carbonized fertilizer easier to apply and further improves the effects of soil improvement and plant growth.

[0013] The carbonized fertilizer of the present invention facilitates the absorption of chemical components by plant roots through the solvent. Absorption of chemical components derived from the carbonized raw material solubilized in the solvent promotes their availability to plants. Furthermore, for soil, the components of the solvent and organic acids such as humic acid transport and retain the chemical components (trace elements) contained in the carbonized fertilizer dissolved in the solvent and its processed form in the soil. As a result, soil nutrients available for plant absorption are enhanced.

[0014] According to the present invention, a method for producing a carbonized fertilizer, i.e., a carbonization method and a component adjustment method, that is optimal for supplying trace elements necessary for crop growth, which are essential in agricultural production, is realized by utilizing unused resources such as livestock manure, rural wastewater sludge, crop residues, and food, which have previously been considered waste organic matter.As a result, the carbonized fertilizer of the present invention can be supplied as an organic agricultural material or an improvement material for special soil, thereby contributing to the creation of high-quality farmland with high productivity. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the relationship between a plurality of types of uncarbonized raw materials, a plurality of carbonized raw materials carbonized at carbonization temperatures, and the chemical components contained in each carbonized raw material. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a lineup of carbonized raw materials obtained by carbonizing the uncarbonized raw material 1 shown in FIG. [Figure 2A] FIG. 2A is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the uncarbonized raw material, chemical components, and carbonization temperature shown in FIG. [Figure 3] Figure 3 shows an example of the second step, and is a schematic diagram showing a method of obtaining a primary carbonized fertilizer by blending multiple carbonized raw materials shown in Figure 2, which are the same uncarbonized raw materials carbonized at different carbonization temperatures, in a predetermined blending ratio. [Figure 4] Figure 4 shows another example of the second step, and is a schematic diagram showing a method of obtaining primary carbonized fertilizer by blending multiple carbonized raw materials, which are different uncarbonized raw materials carbonized at various carbonization temperatures, from the multiple carbonized raw materials shown in Figure 2, in a predetermined blending ratio. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a method for obtaining a tertiary carbide fertilizer by adding a nitrogen-containing raw material to the primary carbide fertilizer or the second carbide fertilizer shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically illustrating examples of the forms of the primary and secondary carbide fertilizers and the tertiary carbide fertilizer shown in FIG. [Figure 7] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the situation in which the carbonized fertilizer shown in Figure 6 is sprayed onto agricultural land, etc., and the arrangement of the carbonized portion and raw material material after it has dissolved upon contact with the soil after spraying and application. [Figure 8] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing the chemical reactions that occur in the soil between the carbonized material and the raw material after they dissolve upon contact with the soil, as shown in Figure 7, and how each chemical component is supplied to plants and soil as nutrients. [Figure 9] 9(a) and 9(b) are diagrams showing a first embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A method for producing a carbide fertilizer and an embodiment of the carbide fertilizer of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings showing examples of the configuration of the present invention.

[0017] The method for producing a carbonized fertilizer according to the present invention is a method for producing a carbonized fertilizer that optimally contains essential components for crop growth, which are indispensable in agricultural production, by utilizing unused resources such as livestock manure, rural wastewater sludge, crop residues, and food. The carbonized fertilizer according to the present invention is produced by this production method.

[0018] 1 to 5, the symbols A, B, C, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, which are capital letters and numbers only, refer to the general names of components or concepts, while the symbols Aa, An, Ba, Bn, Ca, Cb, 1a, 1h, 2a, 2h, 3a, 3b, 6a, and 6n, which are capital letters or numbers with lowercase letters as subscripts, refer to individual components or concepts. The subscript "n" indicates a predetermined natural number unless otherwise specified.

[0019] <First step> The first step will be described with reference to Figures 1, 2, and 2A. Figure 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating the relationship between multiple types of carbonized raw materials 2 obtained by carbonizing multiple types of uncarbonized raw materials 1 at multiple carbonization temperatures 6 and the chemical components A contained in each carbonized raw material 2. As shown in Figure 1, many types of waste organic matter can be used as the uncarbonized raw material 1 in the present invention. In principle, only one type of uncarbonized raw material 1 may be used (as will be described later in Figure 3). Examples of uncarbonized raw materials 1 include manure 1a, chicken manure 1b, pig manure 1c, cow manure 1d, sludge 1e, crop residue 1f, plant matter 1g, and animal matter 1h. Each uncarbonized raw material 1 contains one or more types of chemical components A. In this specification, chemical components A refer to trace elements that are essential components of fertilizer. The individual chemical components Aa..An are, for example, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, copper, zinc, manganese, iron, boron, molybdenum, etc.

[0020] When one type of uncarbonized raw material 1 is carbonized at a predetermined carbonization temperature 6, one type of carbonized raw material 2 is obtained. In the present invention, one type of uncarbonized raw material 1 is carbonized at multiple different carbonization temperatures 6. For example, when manure 1a is carbonized at a first carbonization temperature 6a, a second carbonization temperature 6b, and so on to an nth carbonization temperature 6n, n types of manure 2a with different carbonization temperatures 6 are obtained.

[0021] Carbonized raw material 2 basically contains one or more types of chemical components A, the same as the original uncarbonized raw material 1, but it has been newly discovered that the concentration, solubility, and elution of individual chemical components Aa, Ab, An vary depending on the carbonization temperature 6. For example, the concentration of each of the chemical components Aa, Ab, An contained in manure 2a carbonized at a first carbonization temperature 6a differs from the concentration of each of the chemical components Aa, Ab, An contained in manure 2a carbonized at a second carbonization temperature 6b. In other words, one type of uncarbonized raw material manure 1a with a constant chemical composition becomes multiple types of carbonized raw material manure 2a, each with a different chemical composition, depending on the carbonization temperature 6.

[0022] Naturally, if the type of uncarbonized raw material 1 is different, the chemical component A and chemical composition contained in each carbonized raw material 2 will be different even if carbonized at the same carbonization temperature 6. Therefore, by selecting the type of uncarbonized raw material 1 and the carbonization temperature 6, it is possible to adjust the chemical composition and properties of the resulting carbonized raw material 2. For example, the uncarbonized raw material 1 and the carbonization temperature 6 can be selected so as to maximize or optimize the concentration, solubility, and elution of a predetermined chemical component A in the carbonized raw material 2.

[0023] By selecting the uncarbonized raw material 1 and the carbonization temperature 6, for example, it is possible to obtain a carbonized raw material 2 having the following properties added thereto. Contains high concentrations of chemical component A, suitable for desired carbonized fertilizer. -Contains chemical component A that is highly soluble or soluble in liquid in soil, making it suitable for the desired carbonized fertilizer. Contains chemical component A, which is highly soluble and absorbable around plant roots, making it suitable for the desired carbonized fertilizer. Contains chemical component A, which is highly absorbable by plants and is suitable for the desired carbonized fertilizer.

[0024] In the carbonized raw material 2, the carbonization temperature range including the carbonization temperature 6 at which the concentration, solubility, and elution of chemical component A are maximized is typically 200 to 800°C. The holding time at the predetermined carbonization temperature 6 is preferably 10 minutes or longer. The first, second, and n-th carbonization temperatures 6a, 6b, and 6n in FIG. 1 are multiple carbonization temperatures appropriately selected from this carbonization temperature range. Different combinations of carbonization temperatures 6a, 6b, and 6n may be adopted for different uncarbonized raw materials 1a and 1b. For the individual chemical components Aa, An, contained in the carbonized raw material 2, suitable (or optimal) temperature ranges that can increase the concentration and elution are, for example, as follows: Potassium: 500-800°C (optimum temperature range: 700-800°C) Calcium: 700~800℃ Magnesium: 500~800℃ Phosphoric acid: 200~500℃ ·Copper: 200~600℃ Zinc: 400~600℃ Manganese: 400~800℃ Iron: 700~800℃ Boron: 200~800℃ Molybdenum: 200~800℃

[0025] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a lineup of carbide raw materials 2 obtained by carbonizing the uncarbonized raw material 1 shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 2, multiple types of carbide raw materials 2 are produced by all combinations (2a..2h)×(6a..6n) of carbide raw materials 2a..2h and the first to nth carbonization temperatures 6a..6n. Each carbide raw material 2 contains one or more combinations of chemical components Aa..An, and has its own unique chemical composition. In this way, a lineup of multiple types of carbide raw materials 2 (Aa..An)×(2a..2h)×(6a..6n) is obtained.

[0026] Fig. 2A is a graph showing a schematic example of the relationship between the carbide raw material 2, the carbonization temperature 6, and the chemical component A shown in Fig. 2. With respect to the carbonization temperature 6 on the horizontal axis, Fig. 2A(a) shows the change in concentration of three chemical components Aa, Ab, and Ac contained in the carbide raw material 2a, and Fig. 2A(b) shows the change in concentration of four chemical components Ad, Ae, Af, and Ag contained in the carbide raw material 2b.

[0027] <Second process> FIG. 3 shows an example of the second step. First, one or more carbonized raw materials (2a×6a)..(2a×6n) are selected from all of the multiple types of carbonized raw materials 2 shown in FIG. 2 by carbonizing the same type of uncarbonized raw material 1a at different carbonization temperatures 6a..6n. The selected carbonized raw materials (2a×6a)..(2a×6n) are then blended in a predetermined blending ratio Ca..Cn to obtain a predetermined carbonized fertilizer 3a. The blending in this second step is performed taking into account the chemical components Aa..An contained in each of the carbonized raw materials (2a×6a)..(2a×6n) so that the resulting carbonized fertilizer 3a has an optimal chemical composition Ba.

[0028] For example, when manure 1a is carbonized at different carbonization temperatures 6a, 6b...6n, multiple types of manure 2a with the same chemical components Aa, Ab...An but different chemical compositions (Aa...An) x (2a x (6a...6n)) are obtained. To produce primary carbonized fertilizer 3a with the optimal chemical composition Ba, the appropriate amounts of each of the multiple types of manure 2a in the appropriate blend ratios Ca, Cb...Cn are calculated and blended. Note that each blend ratio Ca, Cb...Cn is within the range of 0-100%, and the total of all blend ratios is 100%.

[0029] In this way, a carbide fertilizer 3 having an optimal chemical composition B of trace elements that cannot be obtained using only one type of carbide raw material 2 can be produced using multiple types of carbide raw material 2. The carbide fertilizer 3 obtained in this second step will be referred to as the "primary carbide fertilizer 3."

[0030] Figure 4 shows another example of the second step. First, from all of the multiple types of carbonized raw materials 2 shown in Figure 2, multiple carbonized raw materials (2b x 6a) (2g x 6n) are selected by carbonizing different types of uncarbonized raw materials 1a..1g at various carbonization temperatures 6a..6n. The selected multiple carbonized raw materials (2b x 6a) (2g x 6n) are then blended in a predetermined blending ratio Ca..Cn to obtain a primary carbonized fertilizer 3b. This blending, as in Figure 3, is performed taking into account the chemical components Aa..An contained in each carbonized raw material (2b x 6a) (2g x 6n) so that the primary carbonized fertilizer 3b has an optimal composition Bb. For example, the concentration or solubility or elution of at least one chemical component A in the primary carbonized fertilizer 3 is maximized.

[0031] For example, carbonized raw material 2b of chicken manure carbonized at carbonization temperature 6a and having chemical components Aa..An, carbonized raw material 2c of pig manure carbonized at carbonization temperature 6b and having chemical components Aa..An, and carbonized raw material 2g of plant matter carbonized at carbonization temperature 6n and having chemical components Aa..An are mixed together in the amounts that give the appropriate blend ratios of Ca, Cb, Cn. This allows for the production of primary carbonized fertilizer 3b with the optimal trace element chemical composition Bb.

[0032] 3 and 4 is not required (the chemical composition of one type of carbide raw material 2 is sufficient), the one type of carbide raw material 2 may be used as the primary carbide fertilizer 3. In this case, for the sake of convenience, the second step is regarded as "blending one type of carbide raw material 2 at a blending ratio C of 100%."

[0033] The primary carbide fertilizer 3 obtained in the second step is a solid material because it is the carbide itself. The primary carbide fertilizer 3 can be used as a solid carbide fertilizer as is. In this case, the primary carbide fertilizer 3 is used as a snow melting agent, trace element material, soil improvement material, etc. The primary carbide fertilizer 3 can also be further processed.

[0034] <Third process> Preferably, in the third step, the shape or form of the solid primary carbide fertilizer 3 is processed. Here, the carbide fertilizer 4 obtained in the third step is referred to as "secondary carbide fertilizer 4." The third step is mainly performed to facilitate further processing in a later step.

[0035] The processing in the third step is carried out, for example, as follows. The primary carbide fertilizer 3 is crushed into powder, thereby obtaining powdered secondary carbide fertilizer 4. The primary carbide fertilizer 3 is pulverized to a fine powder, thereby obtaining a fine powder of the secondary carbide fertilizer 4. The fine powder is further mixed with liquids such as glycerin or oils to make a semi-solid material. This produces a semi-solid secondary carbonized fertilizer 4. The fine powder is further mixed with water and additives to make a liquid, thereby obtaining a liquid secondary carbide fertilizer 4.

[0036] Here, the fine powder is assumed to have a particle size suitable for coating the surface of a predetermined granule, and the powder is assumed to have a particle size larger than that. For example, in classification by sieving, the powder has a particle size of about 1 μm to 1 mm, and the fine powder has a particle size of about 0.1 μm to 1 μm, but these particle size ranges are not strictly defined.

[0037] The secondary carbonized fertilizer 4 obtained in the third step can be used as a powder, fine powder, semi-solid, or liquid carbonized fertilizer. In this case, the secondary carbonized fertilizer 4 is used as a snow-melting agent, trace element material, soil improvement material, dressing material, etc. The secondary carbonized fertilizer 4 can also be further processed.

[0038] <Fourth step> Preferably, in a fourth step, the primary carbonized fertilizer 3 or the secondary carbonized fertilizer 4 is further processed. Here, the carbonized fertilizer 50 obtained in the fourth step is referred to as a "tertiary carbonized fertilizer 50." FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a method for obtaining the tertiary carbonized fertilizer 50 by adding a nitrogen-containing raw material 30 to the primary carbonized fertilizer 3 or the secondary carbonized fertilizer 4 described above. Although not shown here, materials other than the raw material 30 may also be added.

[0039] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing various examples of the primary carbide fertilizer 3, secondary carbide fertilizer 4, and tertiary carbide fertilizer 50 shown in Figure 5. The tertiary carbide fertilizer 50 is produced by further processing the primary or secondary carbide fertilizer 3, 4. Different processing methods produce a variety of tertiary carbide fertilizers 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59.

[0040] The processing in the fourth step is carried out, for example, by the following method. A method for obtaining a granular tertiary carbide fertilizer 54 or a pellet-shaped tertiary carbide fertilizer 55 by adding a solidifying agent to a solid primary carbide fertilizer 3 or a powdered or finely powdered secondary carbide fertilizer 4. A method for obtaining a tertiary carbonized fertilizer 57, which is a mixture of the tertiary carbonized fertilizers 54, 55 and the raw material material 30 in the form of single particles, by adding a granular raw material material 30 to the above-mentioned granular or pellet-shaped tertiary carbonized fertilizers 54, 55. A method for obtaining a tertiary carbide fertilizer 56, which is a solidified molded product in which the primary or secondary carbide fertilizer 3, 4 and the raw material 30 are mixed within a single grain, by adding a powdered or granular raw material 30 and a solidifying agent to a solid primary carbide fertilizer 3 or a powdered or finely powdered secondary carbide fertilizer 4. A method (separate coating method) for obtaining a tertiary carbonized fertilizer 58 in which the secondary carbonized fertilizer 4 and the raw material 30 are separated by coating the surface of a single grain of the raw material 30 with a buffer film 40 and then coating or applying a fine powder or liquid secondary carbonized fertilizer 4 on the surface of the buffer film 40. A method for obtaining a tertiary carbide fertilizer 59 by directly coating or applying a fine powder or liquid secondary carbide fertilizer 4 onto the surface of a single grain of raw material 30 (direct coating method).

[0041] Examples of solidifying agents that can be used include inorganic clays such as bentonite, kaolinite, and illite, organic materials such as starch powder, konjac powder, lignin, and blackstrap molasses, and synthetic materials such as polyvinyl alcohol.

[0042] The material of the buffer film 40 can be any material that can be used to form a film, such as inorganic clay materials such as bentonite, kaolinite, and illite, or organic materials such as starch powder and konjac powder.

[0043] The raw material 30 used in the fourth step contains at least nitrogen, and is, for example, compound chemical fertilizer, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium vinegar, organic fertilizer, etc. The raw material 30 may further contain lime, phosphoric acid, etc.

[0044] The tertiary carbonized fertilizer 50 produced in the fourth step is used as a fertilizer, a trace element material, a soil improvement material, a snow melting agent, a seedling cell, a cultivation medium, a dressing material, and the like.

[0045] <Application forms of carbide fertilizer> Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the situation in which the tertiary carbide fertilizer 50 shown in Figure 6 is spread and applied to agricultural land, etc., and the arrangement of the carbide portion and raw material material after it has dissolved due to contact with the soil after spread and application.

[0046] As shown in Figure 7, when the tertiary carbonized fertilizer 50 is applied to farmland or the like by spraying, it dissolves when it comes into contact with the soil or is exposed to moisture such as rainwater. In the illustrated example of the tertiary carbonized fertilizer 50, when it dissolves due to moisture, the raw material material 30 is located at the spraying position or at its center, and the carbonized portions 3 and 4 (portions derived from the carbonized raw material 2) are spread out and arranged around it.

[0047] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing the chemical reactions of the carbonized parts 3, 4 and the raw material 30 in the soil after they have dissolved due to contact with the soil, as shown in Figure 7, and the state in which each chemical component is supplied to plants and soil as nutrients.

[0048] Of the tertiary carbonized fertilizers 50, the chemical reactions of the chemical components in the soil for the separate coating method carbonized fertilizer 58 and the direct coating method carbonized fertilizer 59, which are expected to be used in many situations, are as follows.

[0049] As shown in Figure 7, the carbonized fertilizer 50 is placed so that particles of the carbonized portions 3 and 4 come into contact within a limited area of the soil that is in close contact with the raw material material 30. Among the nitrogen components contained in the raw material material 30, those present as ammonia nitrogen are converted to nitrate nitrogen through nitrification, acidifying the soil. Alternatively, nitrogen components present as urea are converted from ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen through nitrification, acidifying the soil. Nitrate nitrogen acidifies the soil when applied to the soil. In either case, nitrification ultimately causes localized acidification.

[0050] Furthermore, direct nutrient absorption of ammonia nitrogen leaves sulfate and nitrate ions, components of the raw material 30, remaining in the soil, promoting localized acidification. Phosphate, base, and trace elements are dissolved from the carbonized parts 3 and 4 present in the acidification zone caused by the acidified water and solution, and their supply to plants and soil is promoted through the solution.

[0051] For plants, the plant roots facilitate the absorption of chemical components through the solution. The availability of chemical components from the solubilized charcoal 3, 4 is promoted by absorbing them into the solution.

[0052] In the soil, the chemical components of the solution dissolved by moisture and acidification, and the chemical components of the carbonized parts 3 and 4 are transferred to the soil by organic acids such as humic acid and are retained therein, thereby increasing the soil nutrients for plant absorption. [Example]

[0053] Example 1 In Example 1, a test was conducted to examine the change in chemical component A of carbonized raw material 2 at carbonization temperature 6 when chicken manure 1b was used. A similar test was also conducted on uncarbonized raw material 1 of chicken manure 1b. Figure 9 is a graph showing the change in chemical component A of carbonized raw material 2 at carbonization temperature 6 when uncarbonized raw material 1 was chicken manure 1b. Figure 9(a) shows the results for iron, and (b) shows the results for zinc. These elements show typical trends in the change in chemical component A. The results for uncarbonized raw material 1 are shown at the left end of each graph. The test conditions are as follows: Location of manufacturing test: Field irrigation experiment building of the Rural Engineering Research Department, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture Carbonization method: Carbonization using an electric furnace in a heat-resistant container Analysis method: Extraction method of chemical components from carbide raw materials Total amount: Concentration of chemical components after total decomposition with strong acid Soluble: Soluble concentration by dilute hydrochloric acid extraction Quantitative determination of chemical components: Quantitative determination of elements by atomic absorption spectrophotometer

[0054] As shown in Figure 9(a), there is a clear tendency for iron, which is chemical component A of carbide raw material 2, to increase in concentration per weight and for the solubility of components absorbed by plants as the carbonization temperature 6 increases within the range of 200 to 800°C. In particular, at temperatures around 800°C, which is higher than 700°C, both the concentration in carbide raw material 2 and the solubility increase.

[0055] As shown in Figure 9(b), for zinc, which is chemical component A of carbide raw material 2, there is a clear tendency for the concentration per weight to increase specifically within the range of 400 to 600°C, and for the solubility of the component absorbed by plants to also increase. Similarly, availability also increased. However, at temperatures above 700°C, the solubility concentration decreased along with the concentration, and availability also decreased.

[0056] In this way, the concentration, solubility, and availability resulting from changes in carbonization temperature 6 differ depending on the element in chemical component A that is the target of carbide raw material 2. Therefore, by clarifying these characteristics for the target element, the optimal carbonization temperature for each element in chemical component A can be obtained.

[0057] On the other hand, in the uncarbonized raw material 1, the concentration per weight, solubility, and availability of both iron and zinc, which are chemical components A, are lower than those in the carbide raw material 2.

[0058] Furthermore, water solubility in water was not confirmed for any of the trace elements. Therefore, it became clear that the local acidification of the soil or solution shown in Figure 8, and the dissolution and absorption of the carbonized fertilizer by plant roots, are necessary for plants to utilize the chemical components from the carbonized raw material 2. This confirmed the effectiveness of the carbonized fertilizer produced by the present invention.

[0059] <Example 2> In Example 2, a test was conducted to examine the amount of chemical component A absorbed by crops when a tertiary carbonized fertilizer 50 was used, which was a carbonized raw material 2 made from chicken droppings 1b. Additionally, as a comparative example to Example 2, the amount of chemical component A absorbed by crops when a general chemical fertilizer was used was also tested. The test conditions for Example 2 (chicken manure carbonization areas 1, 2, and 3) and Comparative Examples (control areas 1 and 2) are as follows. Test location: Test area where cultivation pots were installed at the Rural Engineering Research Division in Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture Soil conditions: Andosol Carbonized raw material: 50g of carbide fertilizer made from chicken manure 1b and 2b Basic chemical fertilizer added to all pots (per pot) Nitrogen content of the three major components: Ammonium sulfate 900mg Potassium content of the three major components: Potassium chloride 900mg Ingredients to compare: Test pot and control pot (chemical fertilizer) The three major components of phosphorus: Chicken manure 1b carbonized fertilizer 50 and the following chemical fertilizers Superphosphate (chemical fertilizer) 300mg Melted phosphorus (chemical fertilizer) 300mg Cultivated crop: Komatsuna

[0060] [Table 1]

[0061] The test results are shown in Table 1. In the cultivation test using komatsuna, the amount of phosphate and potassium absorbed in carbonized chicken manure plots 1, 2, and 3, where 50% of carbonized chicken manure fertilizer was applied, was at the same level as in control plots 1 and 2, where general chemical fertilizer was used, making it clear that the supply of phosphate and potassium from the carbonized chicken manure product was the same as that from chemical fertilizer.

[0062] Furthermore, because the komatsuna plants absorbed large amounts of trace elements such as iron, zinc, and copper, which are contained in the same amounts in the common soil but not in the chemical fertilizers in control plots 1 and 2, it is believed that they absorbed the copper and zinc contained in and supplied by the chicken manure carbide fertilizer 50. Ordinary chemical fertilizers are inferior in terms of the supply of trace elements compared to carbide fertilizer 50. This confirmed the supply function of carbide fertilizer 50 and the effectiveness of the present invention.

[0063] As described above, the present invention has developed a method for producing carbonized fertilizer that utilizes unused resources, such as livestock manure, municipal wastewater sludge, crop residues, and food, which have previously been considered waste organic matter, to provide essential components needed for crop growth in agricultural production. This production method includes a unique chemical component preparation method that utilizes carbonization temperature. As a result, carbonized fertilizer can be supplied as an organic agricultural material or a specialized soil improvement material, contributing to the creation of high-quality, highly productive farmland. [Explanation of symbols]

[0064] 1 Uncarbonized raw material 1a Manure 1b Chicken manure 1c Pig manure 1d cow dung 1e Sludge 1f Crop residue 1g plant 1h animal body 2 Carbide raw material 2a Manure 2b Chicken manure 2c Pig manure 2d cow dung 2e Sludge 2f Crop residue 2g plant- 2h animal body 3 Primary carbonized fertilizer 3a, 3b Individual primary carbide fertilizers 4 Secondary carbide fertilizer 4a, 4b, 4c Individual secondary carbide fertilizers 6 Carbonization temperature 6a, 6b, 6n each carbonization temperature 30 Raw Materials 40 Buffer membrane 50 Tertiary carbide fertilizer 54 Tertiary (granular) carbide fertilizer 55 Tertiary (pellet-shaped) carbide fertilizer 56 Tertiary (mixed) carbide fertilizer 57 Tertiary (mixed) carbide fertilizer 58 Tertiary (separate coating) carbide fertilizer 59 Tertiary (direct coating) carbide fertilizer A Chemical composition of carbide raw material Individual chemical components of Aa, Ab, and An carbide raw materials B. Chemical composition of primary carbide fertilizer Chemical composition of Ba, Bb, Bc individual primary carbide fertilizers C. Composition ratio of carbide raw materials Ca, Cb, Cn: Mixture ratio of individual carbide raw materials

Claims

1. a first step of carbonizing one or more types of uncarbonized raw materials (1) that are waste organic matter at a plurality of carbonization temperatures (6) to obtain a plurality of types of carbonized raw materials (2) each containing one or more types of chemical components (A) in a predetermined first component composition; and a second step of obtaining a primary carbide fertilizer (3) containing one or more chemical components (A) in a predetermined second component composition (B) by blending one or more carbide raw materials (2) selected from the plurality of types of carbide raw materials (2) in a predetermined blending ratio (C).

2. 2. The method for producing a carbide fertilizer according to claim 1, further comprising a third step of processing the solid primary carbide fertilizer (3) into a powder or fine powder to obtain a powder or fine powder secondary carbide fertilizer (4).

3. The method for producing a carbonized fertilizer according to claim 2, further comprising the step of adding a liquid to the fine powdered secondary carbonized fertilizer (4) to obtain a semi-solid or liquid secondary carbonized fertilizer (4) in the third step.

4. 2. The method for producing a carbide fertilizer according to claim 1, further comprising a fourth step of obtaining a granular or pellet-shaped tertiary carbide fertilizer (54, 55) by adding a solidifying agent to the primary carbide fertilizer (3).

5. A method for producing a carbonized fertilizer as described in claim 2, further comprising a fourth step of obtaining a granular or pellet-shaped tertiary carbonized fertilizer (54, 55) by adding a solidifying agent to the secondary carbonized fertilizer (4).

6. The method for producing a carbonized fertilizer according to claim 4 or 5, further comprising a step of adding a granular raw material material (30) containing at least nitrogen to the carbonized fertilizer (54, 55) in the fourth step, thereby obtaining a carbonized fertilizer (57) as a mixture in which the carbonized fertilizer (54, 55) and the raw material material (30) are mixed as single particles.

7. 2. The method for producing a carbide fertilizer according to claim 1, further comprising a fourth step of adding a raw material (30) containing at least nitrogen and a solidifying agent to the primary carbide fertilizer (3), thereby obtaining a tertiary carbide fertilizer (56) as a solidified molded product in which the primary carbide fertilizer (3) and the raw material (30) are mixed within a single grain.

8. A method for producing a carbonized fertilizer as described in claim 2, further comprising a fourth step of obtaining a tertiary carbonized fertilizer (56) as a solidified molded product in which the secondary carbonized fertilizer (4) and the raw material material (30) are mixed within a single grain by adding a raw material material (30) containing at least nitrogen and a solidifying agent to the secondary carbonized fertilizer (4).

9. 4. A method for producing a carbide fertilizer as described in claim 2 or 3, further comprising a fourth step of covering the surface of a single grain of granular raw material material (30) containing at least nitrogen with a buffer film (40), and then coating or applying the secondary carbide fertilizer (4) in fine powder or liquid form to the surface of the buffer film (40), thereby obtaining a tertiary carbide fertilizer (58) in which the secondary carbide fertilizer (4) and the raw material material (30) are separated.

10. A method for producing a carbide fertilizer as described in claim 2 or 3, further comprising a fourth step of obtaining a tertiary carbide fertilizer (59) by directly coating or applying the secondary carbide fertilizer (4) in fine powder or liquid form to the surface of a single grain of granular raw material material (30) containing at least nitrogen.

11. The method for producing a carbonized fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein in the second step, the one or more carbonized raw materials (2) are selected and blended so that the concentration or solubility or elution in soil of at least one chemical component of the one or more chemical components (A) in the primary carbonized fertilizer (3) is maximized.

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