Electrochemical device and electronic device including the electrochemical device

Abstract

The present invention provides an electrochemical device and an electronic device including the electrochemical device. The electrochemical device provided by the present invention includes a positive electrode, a separator, an electrolyte, and a negative electrode, the negative electrode including a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer provided on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, the electrochemical device satisfies A=W / (ID / IG) and 150≦A≦1000, and when measured by differential scanning calorimetry, the negative electrode active material layer has an exothermic peak in the range of room temperature to 450° C., and the peak area of ​​the exothermic peak is WJ / g, as measured by Raman spectroscopy. (b) In the negative electrode active material layer, -1 and 1580cm -1 The ratio of the peak intensity of the electrochemical device of the present invention to the peak intensity of the electrochemical device is defined as ID / IG. By using the electrochemical device of the present invention, it is possible to achieve a high capacity and to improve the dynamic characteristics and cycle characteristics of the electrochemical device.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy storage, and in particular to electrochemical devices and electronic devices including such electrochemical devices. [Background technology]

[0002] For example, electrochemical devices such as lithium-ion batteries have advantages such as high operating voltage, high energy density, environmental friendliness, stable cycling, and safety, and are therefore widely used in fields such as wearable devices, mobile phones, drones, and laptops. With the development of lithium-ion batteries, the demand for lithium-ion batteries suitable for mobile phones is also increasing. In particular, lithium-ion batteries must simultaneously have high energy density and fast charging capabilities. In response to this demand, the traditional approach involves selecting acicular calcined coke with a relatively high capacity and preparing anode materials through a series of processes including crushing, graphitization, and surface modification. However, this method has limited effectiveness in improving the dynamic properties of lithium-ion batteries. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In response to the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an electrochemical device that meets the high capacity of the electrochemical device and enhances the kinetic and cycling characteristics of the battery. The present invention also provides an electronic device that includes the electrochemical device.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an electrochemical device comprising a positive electrode, a separator, an electrolyte, and a negative electrode, the negative electrode comprising a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer provided on a surface of the negative electrode current collector, the electrochemical device satisfying A=W / (ID / IG) and 150≦A≦1000, and wherein, when measured by differential scanning calorimetry, the negative electrode active material layer has an exothermic peak in the range of room temperature to 450°C, and the peak area of ​​the exothermic peak is W The Raman spectroscopy measurement revealed that the negative electrode active material layer exhibited a 1350 cm -1and the peak intensity at 1580 cm -1 The present invention provides an electrochemical device in which the ratio of the peak intensity of I / Ig to the peak intensity of I / Ig is the ratio of I / Ig to the peak intensity of I / Ig. Here, the value of I / Ig can reflect the degree of surface defects in the negative electrode active material layer. In the present invention, the value of A is strongly related to the kinetic characteristics of the electrochemical device, and if the value of A is too small, it affects the kinetic characteristics of the electrochemical device and deteriorates the low-temperature discharge characteristics. On the other hand, if the value of A is too high, it indicates that there are many active sites on the surface of the negative electrode active material layer, which makes it easy for by-products to be formed, thereby affecting the cycle life of the electrochemical device.

[0005] According to some embodiments of the present invention, 150≦A≦750.

[0006] According to some embodiments of the invention, 20≦W≦490. In some embodiments of the invention, 100≦W≦300.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the invention, 0.13≦ID / IG≦0.54. In some embodiments of the invention, 0.13≦ID / IG≦0.52.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the negative electrode active material layer has, as measured by DSC, the following properties: (d) when T1°C is a heat generation initiation temperature of the negative electrode active material layer, T1 satisfies 100≦T1≦250; (e) when T2°C is a first peak temperature of thermal decomposition of the negative electrode active material layer, T2 satisfies 140≦T2≦440; and (f) when T3°C is a complete decomposition temperature of the negative electrode active material layer, T3 satisfies 400≦T3≦550. At least one of the following conditions is satisfied. According to some embodiments of the present invention, 100≦T1≦230. According to some embodiments of the present invention, 110≦T1≦205. According to some embodiments of the present invention, 150≦T2≦410. According to some embodiments of the present invention, 410≦T3≦450. In the present invention, the lower the temperatures T1, T2, and T3, the more likely the negative electrode active material layer is to decompose. This indicates that the worse the thermal stability, the lower the cycle capacity retention rate. However, this also increases the number of active sites, and the low-temperature discharge characteristics gradually improve. Therefore, controlling T1, T2, and T3 within the ranges specified in the present invention is advantageous for improving the cycle characteristics and low-temperature discharge characteristics of the electrochemical device.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, when the amount of heat generated per unit mass of the negative electrode active material layer is P mW / mg, P satisfies 0.035≦P≦0.280.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the negative electrode active material layer includes a negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material includes one or both of natural graphite and artificial graphite. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the negative electrode active material includes natural graphite.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the negative electrode active material layer contains negative electrode active material particles having pores. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the porosity of the negative electrode active material layer is 20% to 50%.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the electrolyte solution includes ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and diethyl carbonate, and when the mass percentage of the ethylene carbonate is X%, the mass percentage of the propylene carbonate is Y%, and the mass percentage of the diethyl carbonate is Z%, based on the mass of the electrolyte solution, X, Y, and Z satisfy the relationships 1.5≦X / Y≦8 and 2.5≦Z / Y≦25. In some embodiments of the present invention, 1.5≦X / Y≦8 and 3≦Z / Y≦15.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, X, Y, and Z satisfy the following conditions: 15≦X≦32, 3≦Y≦12, 30≦Z≦70. In some embodiments of the present invention, X, Y, and Z satisfy the following conditions: 16≦X≦30, 4≦Y≦11, 35≦Z≦60.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device comprising an electrochemical device according to the first aspect above.

[0015] The negative electrode of the electrochemical device provided by the present invention contains a specific negative electrode active material layer, which allows the electrochemical device to have high capacity and improved dynamic and cycle characteristics. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to examples. It should be understood that these examples are used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0017] A first aspect of the present invention is an electrochemical device comprising a positive electrode, a separator, an electrolyte, and a negative electrode, the negative electrode comprising a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer provided on a surface of the negative electrode current collector, the electrochemical device satisfying A=W / (ID / IG) and 150≦A≦1000, wherein when measured by differential scanning calorimetry, the negative electrode active material layer has an exothermic peak in the range of room temperature to 450°C, the peak area of ​​the exothermic peak is WJ / g, and when measured by Raman spectroscopy, the negative electrode active material layer has an exothermic peak of 1350 cm -1 and the peak intensity at 1580 cm -1 The ratio of the peak intensity to the peak intensity of the The present invention provides an electrochemical device that achieves this. In the present invention, the value of A is strongly related to the dynamic characteristics of the electrochemical device, and if the value of A is too small, the dynamic characteristics of the electrochemical device are affected and the low-temperature discharge characteristics deteriorate. On the other hand, if the value of A is too high, there are many active sites on the surface of the negative electrode active material layer, which means that by-products are easily formed, thereby affecting the cycle life of the electrochemical device.

[0018] In the present invention, 1350 cm -1 Peak intensities of ID and 1580 cm -1 The peak intensity IG varies to some extent depending on the measurement equipment. -1 ±50cm -1 and 1580cm -1 ±50cm -1 This can be understood as a peak intensity within the range of

[0019] According to some embodiments of the invention, the value of A may be 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000 and any value therebetween. According to some embodiments of the invention, 150≦A≦750.

[0020] According to some embodiments of the present invention, 20≦W≦490. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the value of W may be 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 490, and any value therebetween. According to some embodiments of the present invention, 100≦W≦300. When the value of A is within a limited range, the cycle characteristics and low-temperature discharge characteristics of the electrochemical device are improved.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the ratio ID / IG is 0.13≦ID / IG≦0.54. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the value of ID / IG may be 0.13, 0.15, 0.18, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.52, 0.54, or any value therebetween. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the ratio is 0.13≦ID / IG≦0.52. If the value of ID / IG is too large, it indicates that there are many defects in the negative electrode active material layer, which reduces the electronic conductivity of the negative electrode active material layer and affects the low-temperature discharge characteristics of the electrochemical device. If the value of ID / IG is too small, it may affect the ion conduction rate in the negative electrode active material layer and affect the low-temperature discharge characteristics of the electrochemical device.

[0022] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the negative electrode active material layer satisfies at least one of the following conditions as measured by DSC: (d) when T1°C is the heat generation initiation temperature of the negative electrode active material layer, T1 satisfies 100≦T1≦250; (e) when T2°C is the first peak temperature of thermal decomposition of the negative electrode active material layer, T2 satisfies 140≦T2≦440; and (f) when T3°C is the complete decomposition temperature of the negative electrode active material layer, T3 satisfies 400≦T3≦550. In the present invention, the lower the temperatures T1, T2, and T3, the more likely the negative electrode active material layer is to decompose. This indicates that the worse the thermal stability, the lower the cycle capacity retention rate. However, this also increases the number of active sites, gradually improving low-temperature discharge characteristics. Therefore, controlling T1, T2, and T3 within the ranges specified in the present invention is advantageous for improving the cycle characteristics and low-temperature discharge characteristics of an electrochemical device.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present invention, T1 may be 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 220, 240, 250, and any value therebetween. According to some embodiments of the present invention, T2 may be 140, 180, 220, 260, 300, 340, 380, 420, 440, and any value therebetween. According to some embodiments of the present invention, T3 may be 400, 420, 460, 480, 500, 520, 540, 550, and any value therebetween. According to some embodiments of the present invention, 100≦T1≦230. According to some embodiments of the present invention, 110≦T1≦205. According to some embodiments of the present invention, 150≦T2≦410 According to some embodiments of the present invention, 150≦T2≦370. According to some embodiments of the present invention, 410≦T3≦450.

[0024] According to some embodiments of the present invention, when the heat generation amount per unit mass of the negative electrode active material layer is P mW / mg, P satisfies 0.035≦P≦0.280. According to some embodiments of the present invention, P may be 0.035, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.125, 0.15, 0.175, 0.2, 0.225, 0.25, 0.275, 0.280, or any value therebetween.

[0025] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the negative electrode active material layer includes a negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material includes one or both of natural graphite and artificial graphite. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the negative electrode active material includes natural graphite. Different types of graphite exhibit different thermal stabilities, which in turn affect the thermal stability characteristics of the negative electrode active material layer. By selecting natural graphite or artificial graphite with different compositions and structures, it is possible to improve the wettability of the electrolyte, shorten the ion transmission path, and enhance the cycle characteristics and low-temperature discharge characteristics of the electrochemical device.

[0026] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the negative electrode active material layer includes negative electrode active material particles having pores. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the porosity of the negative electrode active material layer is 20% to 50%. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the porosity of the negative electrode active material layer may be 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, or any value therebetween. When the porosity of the negative electrode active material layer is within this range, it can ensure a relatively good wetting effect of the electrolyte, which is beneficial for ion transmission and can improve the low-temperature discharge characteristics of the electrochemical device. On the other hand, a relatively large porosity of the negative electrode active material layer can lead to consumption of active lithium, which affects the cycle characteristics of the electrochemical device.

[0027] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the negative electrode current collector may include, but is not limited to, copper foil or aluminum foil.

[0028] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the electrolyte solution includes ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and diethyl carbonate, and when the mass percentage of the ethylene carbonate is X%, the mass percentage of the propylene carbonate is Y%, and the mass percentage of the diethyl carbonate is Z%, based on the mass of the electrolyte solution, X, Y, and Z satisfy the relationships 1.5≦X / Y≦8 and 2.5≦Z / Y≦25. According to some embodiments of the present invention, 1.5≦X / Y≦8 and 3≦Z / Y≦15. According to some embodiments of the present invention, X / Y may be 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, or any value therebetween. According to some embodiments of the present invention, Z / Y may be 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, or any value therebetween. When the ethylene carbonate content, propylene carbonate content, and diethyl carbonate content satisfy the above-mentioned relationship, a low-resistance SEI film is formed at the negative electrode interface, thereby improving the cycle performance and low-temperature discharge performance of the electrochemical device. On the other hand, when the relationship between the ethylene carbonate content, propylene carbonate content, and diethyl carbonate content does not satisfy the above-mentioned limited relationship, the formed SEI film may be unstable and easily destroyed, which may affect the cycle performance of the electrochemical device, or a relatively thick SEI film may be formed, which may increase the interface resistance of the negative electrode and affect the low-temperature discharge performance of the electrochemical device.

[0029] According to some embodiments of the present invention, X, Y, and Z satisfy the following: 15≦X≦32, 3≦Y≦12, 30≦Z≦70. According to some embodiments of the present invention, X, Y, and Z satisfy the following: 16≦X≦30, 4≦Y≦11, 35≦Z≦60. According to some embodiments of the present invention, X is 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, 32, and the like. According to some embodiments of the present invention, Y may be 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and any value therebetween. According to some embodiments of the present invention, Z may be 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, and any value therebetween. When the ethylene carbonate content, the propylene carbonate content, and the diethyl carbonate content satisfy the above relationship, the electrochemical device has better cycle characteristics and low-temperature discharge characteristics.

[0030] The electrolyte used in the electrochemical device of the present invention further comprises a lithium salt, an additive, and another organic solvent.

[0031] In some embodiments, the lithium salt includes, but is not limited to, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF), lithium difluorophosphate (LiPOF), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide LiN(CFSO) (LiTFSI), lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide Li(N(SOF)) (LiFSI), lithium bis(oxalato)borate LiB(CO) (LiBOB), or lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate LiBF(CO) (LiDFOB). In some embodiments, the concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolyte is 0.5 mol / L to 3 mol / L, 0.5 mol / L to 2 mol / L, or 0.8 mol / L to 1.5 mol / L.

[0032] In some embodiments, the additives include, but are not limited to, vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), difluoroethylene carbonate (DFEC), 1,3-propane sultone (PS), ethylene sulfate (DTD), 1,3-dioxane, maleic anhydride, adiponitrile, succinonitrile, 1,3,5-pentanetricarbonitrile, and 1,3,6-hexanetricarbonitrile.

[0033] In some embodiments, the other organic solvents include, but are not limited to, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), methyl propyl carbonate (MPC), ethyl propyl carbonate (EPC), and methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC).

[0034] The materials, configurations and manufacturing methods of the positive electrodes used in the electrochemical device of the present invention include any of the techniques disclosed in the prior art.

[0035] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the positive electrode includes a current collector and a positive electrode active material layer disposed on the current collector. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the positive electrode active material includes, but is not limited to, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO), lithium nickel cobalt manganese (NCM) ternary material, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO), or lithium manganese oxide (LiMnO).

[0036] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the positive electrode active material layer further includes a binder and optionally includes a conductive material. The binder enhances bonding between the positive electrode active material particles and between the positive electrode active material and the current collector. In some embodiments, the binder includes polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl cellulose, diacetyl cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, carboxylated polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, ethyleneoxy-containing polymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyurethane, polytetrafluorovinyl, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylated styrene-butadiene rubber, epoxy resin, nylon, or the like. .

[0037] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the conductive material includes, but is not limited to, a carbon-based material, a metallic material, a conductive polymer, and mixtures thereof. In some examples, the carbon-based material includes natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon fiber, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the metallic material includes metal powder, metal fiber, copper, nickel, aluminum, or silver. In some examples, the conductive polymer is a polyphenylene derivative.

[0038] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the positive electrode current collector may include, but is not limited to, aluminum foil.

[0039] The material and shape of the separator used in the electrochemical device of the present invention are not particularly limited and may be any technology disclosed in the prior art. In some embodiments, the separator comprises a polymer or inorganic material that is stable against the electrolyte of the present invention.

[0040] For example, the separator may include a substrate layer and a surface treatment layer. The substrate layer is a porous nonwoven fabric, film, or composite film, and the material of the substrate layer is at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyimide. Specifically, the substrate layer may be a polypropylene porous film, a polyvinyl porous film, a polypropylene nonwoven fabric, a polyvinyl nonwoven fabric, or a polypropylene-polyvinyl-polypropylene porous composite film.

[0041] A surface treatment layer is provided on at least one surface of the substrate layer, and the surface treatment layer may be a polymer layer or an inorganic layer, or may be a layer formed by mixing a polymer and an inorganic material.

[0042] The inorganic layer includes inorganic particles and a binder, the inorganic particles including at least one of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, hafnium dioxide, tin oxide, cerium dioxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, calcium oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide, silicon carbide, boehmite, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and barium sulfate, and the binder including at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylic acid ester, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylalkoxy, polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluorovinyl, and polyhexafluoropropylene.

[0043] The polymer layer includes a polymer, and the polymer material includes at least one of polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, acrylic ester polymer, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylalkoxy, polyvinylidene fluoride, and poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene).

[0044] In some embodiments, the electrochemical device of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, any type of primary battery, secondary battery, fuel cell, solar cell, or capacitor. In some embodiments, the electrochemical device is a lithium secondary battery. In some embodiments, the lithium secondary battery includes, but is not limited to, a lithium metal secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium polymer secondary battery, or a lithium ion polymer secondary battery.

[0045] The present invention further provides an electronic device comprising an electrochemical device according to the present invention. The electronic equipment or device of the present invention is not particularly limited. In some embodiments, the electronic equipment of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, notebook computers, pen-based computers, mobile computers, electronic book players, mobile phones, portable facsimiles, portable copiers, portable printers, stereo headsets, video recorders, LCD televisions, portable vacuum cleaners, portable CD players, minidiscs, walkie-talkies, electronic notebooks, calculators, memory cards, portable tape recorders, radios, backup power supplies, motors, automobiles, motorcycles, auxiliary bicycles, bicycles, lighting equipment, toys, game consoles, clocks, power tools, flash devices, cameras, large household storage batteries, and lithium ion capacitors.

[0046] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples, taking the electrochemical device as a lithium ion battery as an example. [Example]

[0047] 1. Preparation of Lithium-ion Batteries (1) Preparation of the positive electrode The positive electrode active material, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO), the conductive agent, acetylene black, and the binder, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), were dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solvent in a weight ratio of approximately 97.6:1.2:1.2 and thoroughly mixed to obtain a positive electrode slurry. The positive electrode slurry was then applied to an aluminum foil positive electrode current collector. The aluminum foil was dried, cold-rolled, cut, slit, and dried to obtain a positive electrode piece.

[0048] (2) Preparation of the negative electrode [1] Preparation of negative electrode active material Preparation of A1 raw material: At least one of needle-shaped raw coke, needle-shaped calcined coke, petroleum coke, asphalt coke, and forged coke was selected and pulverized to a particle size Dv50 of 5 μm to 8 μm (Dv50 indicates that 50% of the particles in the volume-based particle size distribution have a particle size smaller than this value). The needle-shaped raw coke was then heated and treated at 300°C to 1200°C to obtain a precursor, which was then removed to obtain A1 raw material.

[0049] Preparation of A2 raw material: Natural graphite ore was used, and it was crushed / ball milled and flotation was carried out to obtain natural flake graphite. The natural flake graphite was crushed, and powder with a particle size Dv50 of 6 μm to 12 μm was selected, and the powder was subjected to spheroidization treatment to obtain A2 raw material.

[0050] A1 and A2 were mixed in a weight ratio of A1:A2 = (0-100):(100-0), and 5% to 30% of a binder based on the weight of (A1+A2) was added and mixed until uniform. The binder included at least one of asphalt, phenolic resin, and epoxy resin with a softening point of 150°C, 200°C, 150°C, or 300°C. The mixture was placed in a reactor, heated and stirred, and then heated to 300°C to 700°C. The mixture was then placed in a graphitization oven and graphitized at 2500°C to 3500°C. Finally, the graphitized product and coating agent were mixed, and the mixture of the graphitized product and coating agent was placed in a reactor and surface-treated at 800°C to 1500°C to obtain a negative electrode active material. The coating agent used here was a mixed phase consisting of 10% to 80% solvent and 1% to 50% novel carbon material, where the solvent contained at least one of toluene, ethanol, quinoline, and ether, and the novel carbon material contained at least one of carbon nanotubes and graphene.

[0051] Taking Example 1 as an example, the process of preparing the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode preparation [1] will be specifically described. Preparation of A1 raw material: Select needle-shaped raw coke and crush it until the particle size Dv50 becomes 8 μm. Then, the needle-shaped raw coke was heated to 1200°C and treated to obtain a precursor, which was then removed to obtain the A1 raw material.

[0052] Preparation of A2 raw material: Natural graphite ore was used, and it was crushed / ball milled and flotation was carried out to obtain natural flake graphite. The natural flake graphite was crushed, and powder with a particle size Dv50 of 8 μm was selected, and it was subjected to spheroidization treatment to obtain A2 raw material.

[0053] A1 and A2 were mixed in a 4:1 weight ratio, and 25% of the weight of (A1+A2) was added as a binder and mixed until uniform. The binder was, for example, asphalt with a softening point of 200°C, or one or more of phenolic resin and epoxy resin. The mixture was placed in a reactor, heated and stirred, and then heated to 500°C. It was then placed in a graphitization oven and graphitized at 3000°C. Finally, the graphitized product and coating agent were mixed and placed in a reactor for surface treatment at 1100°C to obtain anode active materials. The coating agent used here was a mixture of 10% to 80% solvent and varying amounts of graphene.

[0054] In the process of preparing the negative electrode active material in Example 1, the negative electrode active materials in Examples 2 to 35 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 can be prepared by changing the types and amounts of materials used.

[0055] [2] Preparation of negative electrode pieces: The negative electrode active material, binder styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and thickener sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were dispersed in deionized water in a weight ratio of 97.7:1.2:1.1, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred until homogeneous. The mixture was then applied to a copper foil negative electrode current collector that had previously been coated with a conductive coating layer. The copper foil was then dried and cold-rolled to obtain negative electrode pieces.

[0056] (3) Preparation of separator A polyvinyl (PE) porous polymer film with a thickness of approximately 7 μm was used as the separator.

[0057] (4) Preparation of electrolyte In a glove box with an argon atmosphere and a water content of <10 ppm, ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) were mixed uniformly, and LiPF6 was added at a mass percentage of 12% based on the mass of the electrolyte solution and mixed uniformly to obtain an electrolyte solution.

[0058] In Example 1, the mass percentage of ethylene carbonate was 15%, the mass percentage of propylene carbonate was 3%, and the mass percentage of diethyl carbonate was 70%.

[0059] The composition of the electrolytic solution in Examples 2 to 31, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was the same as that in Example 1.

[0060] The electrolyte solutions in Examples 32 to 35 contained, in addition to EC, PC, and DEC shown in Table 2, DMC.

[0061] (5) Preparation of Lithium-ion Battery The positive electrode pieces, separator, and negative electrode pieces were stacked in this order, and a separator was placed between the positive and negative electrodes to act as an insulator. The resulting cell was then rolled up to obtain a bare cell. After the tabs were welded, the bare cell was placed in an aluminum plastic film exterior foil and dried. The electrolyte prepared above was then poured into the dried bare cell, which was then rolled up and placed in the exterior. The lithium ion battery was obtained by injecting an electrolyte solution into the battery, packaging the battery, and then undergoing processes such as chemical formation, degassing, and cutting. The lithium ion batteries of the examples and comparative examples of the present invention were all prepared according to the above method.

[0062] 2. Measurement method (1) Measurement of low-temperature discharge maintenance rate After allowing the test battery to stand for 5 minutes at a measurement temperature of 25°C, the lithium-ion battery was charged at a constant current of 1.5C to 4.48V, then at a constant voltage of 0.05C at 4.48V. It was then discharged at 0.5C to 3.0V, and the capacity at this point was recorded as C0. The lithium-ion battery was then charged at a constant current of 1.5C to 4.48V, then at a constant voltage of 0.05C at 4.48V. The battery was then placed in a -20°C incubator and discharged at a constant current of 0.5C to 3.0V, and the discharge capacity at this point was recorded as C1. The low-temperature discharge retention ratio, C1 / C0, was calculated in %.

[0063] (2) Measurement of cycle capacity retention rate After allowing the test battery to stand for 5 minutes at a temperature of 45°C, the lithium-ion battery was charged at a constant current of 1.5C to 4.48V, and then charged at a constant voltage of 0.05C from 4.48V. After allowing the battery to stand for 5 minutes, it was discharged at a constant current of 1.0C to 3.0V and allowed to stand for 5 minutes. The capacity at this point was recorded as D0. This charge / discharge process was repeated 500 times, and the final discharge capacity was recorded as D1. After cycling at 45°C, the capacity decay rate was calculated as D1 / D0 in %.

[0064] (3) Measurement by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC measurement) According to the measurement standard of GB / T 13464-2008, the equipment of type STA449F3-QMS403C was used, and the temperature was set to increase from room temperature to 500°C at a rate of 0.1K / min to 50K / min. Sample preparation and measurement: The lithium-ion battery was fully discharged to 3.0 V, disassembled, and the negative electrode active material layer was removed and placed in a crucible. The crucible containing the sample was then sealed and placed on an oven rack. After 20 minutes of stabilization, measurement was initiated. After measurement, the curve was subjected to time-temperature conversion, horizontal adjustment, and appropriate smoothing. Peak values ​​and enthalpy were assigned to obtain a DSC curve. From the DSC curve, the heat generation initiation temperature (T1°C) of the negative electrode active material layer, the first peak temperature (T2°C) of the thermal decomposition of the negative electrode active material layer, and the complete decomposition temperature (T3°C) of the negative electrode active material layer, as well as the heat generation per unit mass (P) of the negative electrode active material layer (mW / mg) and the peak area (WJ / g) of the heat generation peak, were obtained.

[0065] (4) Raman spectrum measurement Using an HR Evolution type laser confocal microscopic Raman spectrometer, the 1350 cm -1 Peak intensities of ID and 1580 cm -1 The peak intensity IG of the negative electrode active material layer was measured, and the ratio of ID to IG, ID / IG, was calculated. The ID / IG value can reflect the degree of surface defects in the negative electrode active material layer.

[0066] (5) Measurement of porosity The true density measurement was performed using an AccuPyCII 1340 true density measuring instrument in accordance with the measurement standard of GB / T 24586-2009. Sample preparation and measurement: The negative electrode active material layer was processed into a small disk of a certain area, and the apparent volume V of the small disk was measured. The true density of this small disk was then measured using a true density measuring device to calculate the true volume V0. The ratio of the void volume of the sample to the total volume was calculated, and the void ratio was calculated as (V-V0) / V × 100%.

[0067] Using the above preparation method, Examples 1 to 18 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were prepared. The cycle characteristics of the lithium ion battery, such as the W value, ID / IG value, A value, and porosity of the negative electrode active material layer, were measured. Table 1 shows the effect on the low-temperature discharge characteristics.

[0068] [Table 1]

[0069] As can be seen from Examples 1 to 18 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in Table 1, when the A value, W value, ID / IG value, and porosity of the active material layer are within the ranges defined by the present invention, the dynamic characteristics of the electrochemical device are significantly improved, and the cycle characteristics and low-temperature discharge characteristics of the electrochemical device can be effectively improved.

[0070] Furthermore, Examples 19 to 31 were prepared using the above preparation method. Table 2 shows the effects of the type of negative electrode active material, the ID / IG value of the negative electrode active material layer, and the thermal stability measured in a nitrogen gas protective atmosphere on the lithium ion battery cycle characteristics and low-temperature discharge characteristics.

[0071] [Table 2]

[0072] As can be seen from Examples 7 and 19 to 31, different types of graphite result in different electrochemical activity and thermal stability of the negative electrode active material layer. When the negative electrode active material layer contains at least one of natural graphite and artificial graphite, the characteristics of the electrochemical device can be improved. When the negative electrode active material layer contains natural graphite and artificial graphite, a synergistic effect is exerted between the two types of graphite, reducing the consumption of active lithium and shortening the ion transmission path, resulting in the electrochemical device having better cycle characteristics and low-temperature discharge characteristics.

[0073] Furthermore, the above preparation method was used to prepare Examples 32 to 35. Table 3 shows the effects of the composition and content of the electrolyte on the cycle characteristics and low-temperature discharge characteristics of the lithium ion battery.

[0074] [Table 3]

[0075] As shown in Table 3, based on Example 29, the effects of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and diethyl carbonate added to the electrolyte on the cycle capacity retention rate and low-temperature discharge retention rate of the electrochemical device were investigated. As can be seen from Examples 29 and 32 to 35, when the contents of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and diethyl carbonate in the electrolyte solution satisfy the relationships 1.5≦X / Y≦8, 2.5≦Z / Y≦25, 15≦X≦32, 3≦Y≦12, or 30≦Z≦70, a low-resistance SEI film is formed on the negative electrode surface, damage to the graphite structure due to ion embedding is reduced, and the cycle characteristics and low-temperature discharge characteristics of the electrochemical device can be improved.

[0076] Although illustrative embodiments have been disclosed and described, those skilled in the art should understand that the above-described embodiments are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and that modifications, substitutions, and alterations to the embodiments are possible without departing from the spirit, principle, and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. 1. An electrochemical device comprising: the electrochemical device includes a positive electrode, a separator, an electrolyte, and a negative electrode; the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer provided on a surface of the negative electrode current collector, the electrochemical device satisfies A=W / (ID / IG) and 150≦A≦1000; When measured by differential scanning calorimetry, the negative electrode active material layer had an exothermic peak in the range of room temperature to 450°C, and the peak area of ​​the exothermic peak was W J / g. When measured by torr, the negative electrode active material layer had a －１ and the peak intensity at 1580 cm －１ The ratio of the peak intensity of the signal to the peak intensity of the signal is defined as ID / IG.

2. The electrochemical device according to claim 1 , wherein the electrochemical device satisfies 150≦A≦750.

3. The electrochemical device comprises: (a) 20≦W≦490, (b) 100≦W≦300, and (c) 0.13≦ID / IG≦0.54 The electrochemical device according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the following is satisfied:

4. When measured by DSC, the negative electrode active material layer (d) when the heat generation starting temperature of the negative electrode active material layer is T1°C, T1 satisfies 100≦T1≦250; (e) when the initial peak temperature of thermal decomposition of the negative electrode active material layer is T2°C, T2 satisfies 140≦T2≦440°C; (f) when the complete decomposition temperature of the negative electrode active material layer is T3°C, T3 satisfies 400≦T3≦550; and (g) When the heat generation amount per unit mass of the negative electrode active material layer is P mW / mg, P is , 0.035≦P≦0.280 is satisfied. The electrochemical device according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the following is satisfied:

5. The negative electrode active material layer is (h) 110≦T1≦205, and (i) 150≦T2≦370 The electrochemical device according to claim 4 , wherein at least one of the following is satisfied:

6. The negative electrode active material layer is (j) the negative electrode active material layer contains negative electrode active material particles having pores; (k) the porosity of the negative electrode active material layer is 20% to 50%; and (l) the negative electrode active material layer contains a negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material contains one or both of natural graphite and artificial graphite; The electrochemical device according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the following is satisfied:

7. the electrolyte solution contains ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and diethyl carbonate; 2. The electrochemical device according to claim 1, wherein, based on the mass of the electrolytic solution, a mass percentage of the ethylene carbonate is X%, a mass percentage of the propylene carbonate is Y%, and a mass percentage of the diethyl carbonate is Z%, X, Y, and Z satisfy 1.5≦X / Y≦8 and 2.5≦Z / Y≦25.

8. 8. The electrochemical device according to claim 7, wherein X, Y, and Z satisfy the following relationships: 15≦X≦32, 3≦Y≦12, and 30≦Z≦70.

9. An electronic device comprising the electrochemical device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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