Contact Roll Device

Abstract

To improve the web winding shape by downsizing a contact roll device and increasing the bending force applied by a bending force applying device. [Solution] A contact roll device 100 that uses left and right bending force imparting cylinder devices 17A, 17B to bend left and right control shafts 16A, 16B, thereby imparting a desired bending curve to a contact roll 12 supported by each control shaft 16A, 16B, in which left and right main bearings 110A, 110B that pivotally support the left and right ends of the contact roll 12 without the intervention of the left and right control shafts 16A, 16B are provided on left and right movable frames 14A, 14B.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a contact roll device for pressing a contact roll against a winding shaft that winds up a web such as a plastic film, metal foil, or paper. [Background technology]

[0002] As described in Patent Document 1, a conventional contact roll device is a contact roll device that presses a contact roll that is arranged parallel to a winding shaft and rotates against the web that is wound around the winding shaft, and that includes left and right movable frames that are guided by left and right guides provided on a frame and are movable in directions toward and away from the winding shaft, a pressure device that allows the left and right movable frames to move as described above, left and right control shafts that are pivotally supported on fulcrum bearings provided on the left and right movable frames and have portions extending from the corresponding movable frames as support shaft portions that support the left and right side portions of the contact roll on the support shaft portions so that they can rotate together via intermediate bearings, and left and right bending force applying devices that are supported by the left and right movable frames and apply bending forces around the fulcrum bearings to the left and right control shafts.

[0003] The control device described in Patent Document 1 aims to avoid a situation in which, when a pressure device is activated to press both ends of the contact roll toward the winding shaft during winding of a web onto the winding shaft, only both ends of the contact roll are pressed against the winding shaft, while the center of the contact roll bends in an arched curve away from the winding shaft, preventing the center of the contact roll from pressing against the web around the winding shaft, resulting in excessive air entrapment in this area and a poor winding shape of the web.To this end, the left and right bending force imparting devices described above bend the left and right control shafts, imparting the desired bend curve to the contact rolls supported by each control shaft.

[0004] That is, the contact roll device described in Patent Document 1 operates a pressure device to press both ends of a contact roll, which has been given a bending curve to correct the above-mentioned bow curve, toward the winding shaft, so that both ends and the entire center of the contact roll follow the winding shaft perfectly parallel, and the contact roll device comes into uniform contact with the winding shaft over the entire width direction, expelling air trapped between the web around the winding shaft. This reduces or equalizes the amount of air trapped between the web over the entire width direction of the winding shaft, improving the winding shape of the web. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Special Publication No. 6-39300 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] In recent years, there has been a demand for improved web winding shape, which requires a high pressure to press the contact roll around the winding shaft using a pressure device. At this time, the aforementioned bow curve generated in the contact roll also becomes larger, and the bending force applied by the bending force applying device to correct this bow shape also becomes larger. At the same time, it is also desirable to miniaturize the contact roll device as much as possible.

[0007] However, in the contact roll device described in Patent Document 1, both left and right end portions of the contact roll are pivotally supported on fulcrum bearings provided on the left and right movable frames via left and right control shafts.

[0008] Therefore, in addition to the bending force Pm applied to the control shaft by the bending force applying device, the above-mentioned fulcrum bearing is subjected to all three loads (Pm+Pf+Pn): the vertical force Pf caused by the weight of the contact roll, and the pressing force (nip force) Pn caused by the contact roll pressing against the winding shaft.

[0009] In this case, the bearing life is

number

[0010] The object of the present invention is to increase the bending force applied by a bending force applying device for applying a desired bending curve to a contact roll, while miniaturizing and extending the life of a fulcrum bearing that pivots on a control shaft to which this bending force is applied, thereby enabling the bending force applying device to apply as large a bending force as possible to the control shaft, thereby reducing the size of the contact roll device and improving the web winding shape by increasing the bending force applied by the bending force applying device. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] The invention according to claim 1 is a contact roll device that presses a contact roll, which is arranged parallel to a winding shaft and rotates, against a web being wound on the winding shaft, and includes left and right movable frames that are guided by left and right guides provided on a frame and are movable in directions toward and away from the winding shaft, a pressure device that allows the left and right movable frames to move as described above, and a pressure device that is pivotally supported by fulcrum bearings provided on the left and right movable frames. The left and right sides are separated along the axial direction. The portion extending from the corresponding movable frame is a support shaft portion, and the support shaft portion Through the intermediate bearing On both the left and right sides of the contact roll Continuing The left and right control shafts are supported by the left and right movable frames and are rotatably supported by the left and right control shafts. The bending bearing and left and right bending force applying devices that apply bending force around the fulcrum bearing. In a contact roll device having a contact roll, left and right main bearings that pivotally support the left and right ends of the contact roll without the intervention of left and right control shafts are provided on left and right movable frames, and intermediate bearings provided on support shaft portions of the control shafts that support the left and right side ends of the contact roll, respectively, are arranged on both sides of the fulcrum bearings that pivotally support the left and right control shafts in the axial direction of the left and right control shafts, and bending bearings provided on the control shafts so that the bending force imparting devices impart bending forces, and the left and right bending force imparting devices impart bending forces to the bending bearings, For each control axis on the left and right Around the fulcrum bearing Bending occurs and each control axis Through the intermediate bearing on the support shaft The contact roll is supported and is allowed to have a desired bending curve.

[0012] The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1, further comprising an external drive source capable of driving at least one of the left and right control shafts, so that the contact roll can be rotated by the rotation of the control shaft driven by the external drive source, and the rotation speed of the control shaft driven by the external drive source can be adjusted.

[0013] The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 2, further comprising a rotation detector for the contact roll, and the rotation speed of the contact roll detected by the rotation detector can be adjusted to be equal to the web speed.

[0014] The invention according to claim 4 is the invention according to claim 2, further comprising the left and right control shafts being capable of being driven by left and right external drive sources, respectively.

[0015] The invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to claim 4, further comprising the intermediate bearings being disposed only on the axially leading ends of the support shaft portions of the left and right control shafts. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] (Claim 1) (a) Left and right main bearings that pivotally support the left and right ends of the contact roll without the intervention of left and right control shafts are provided on the left and right movable frames.

[0017] Therefore, the vertical force Pf due to the weight of the contact roll and the pressing force Pn caused by the contact roll pressing against the winding shaft are borne by the main bearing. As a result, the load P acting on the fulcrum bearing becomes the bending force Pm applied to the control shaft by the bending force imparting device. Even if a portion of Pf and Pn acts on the fulcrum bearing via the intermediate bearing and the control shaft, the load P acting on the fulcrum bearing is reduced compared to the prior art. When the bearing load P that ensures the desired rated life Lh of the fulcrum bearing is constant, the bending force Pm that the bending force imparting device can apply to the control shaft can be significantly increased compared to the prior art. In other words, the fulcrum bearing that ensures a certain life can be made smaller, and the life of a fulcrum bearing with a certain capacity (size) can be extended, while the bending force imparting device can apply as large a bending force as possible to the control shaft. This ultimately leads to a smaller contact roll device and an improved web winding shape due to the increased bending force imparted by the bending force imparting device.

[0018] (Claim 2) (b) Ideally, the contact roll is pressed against the winding shaft and the web and rotated by the web. However, the rotational resistance caused by the frictional force due to deformation of the surface rubber layer of the contact roll makes the peripheral speed of the contact roll slower than the speed of the web, which may cause scratches on the surface of the contact roll.

[0019] At this time, by adjusting the rotation speed of the control shaft driven by an external drive source, the rotation speed of the contact roll which rotates along with the control shaft can be adjusted, thereby preventing the above-mentioned scratches.

[0020] (Claim 3) (c) In the above (b), the cause of the above-mentioned scratches can be determined using the detection results from the contact roll rotation detector.

[0021] (Claim 4) (d) In the above (b), by driving the left and right control shafts by left and right external drive sources, respectively, the rotation of the contact roll can be increased, thereby effectively suppressing the occurrence of the above-mentioned scratches.

[0022] (Claim 5) (e) By arranging intermediate bearings only on the axial tip side of the support shaft portion of each of the left and right control shafts, the resistance that the intermediate bearings provided on the control shafts exert on the bending deformation of the contact roll is alleviated, and the desired bending curve can be easily imparted to the contact roll. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0023] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows a contact roll device according to one embodiment of the present invention, where (A) is a side view showing the contact roll in a standby state, and (B) is a side view showing the contact roll in a pressed state. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the contact roll device divided into two at the center in the axial direction of the contact roll. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0024] In the contact roll device 100, when the web 1 is wound onto the winding shaft 11, the contact roll 12, which is arranged parallel to the winding shaft 11 and rotates, is pressed against the web 1 being wound onto the winding shaft 11, thereby expelling air trapped between the web 1 from the region where the web starts to be wound around the winding shaft 11. This reduces or equalizes the amount of air trapped between the wound web 1, thereby improving the winding shape of the web. The winding shaft 11 is forcibly rotated by drive motors 30A and 30B.

[0025] In this embodiment, the contact roll 12 has a cylindrical roll body b made of carbon coated on its outer periphery with a rubber skin layer c. The contact roll 12 further has a metal sleeve-shaped bearing housing C1 on the inner periphery of both sides of the roll body b, and a metal sleeve-shaped bearing housing C2 on the outer side fixed to the inner periphery.

[0026] At this time, the contact roll device 100 is configured to have left and right frames 13A, 13B, left and right movable frames 14A, 14B, left and right pressure cylinder devices 15A, 15B (15B is not shown), left and right control shafts 16A, 16B, left and right bending force imparting cylinder devices 17A, 17B, etc.

[0027] In this embodiment, each mount 13A, 13B is installed on a movable frame 105A, 105B, and the movable frame 105A, 105B is slidable forward and backward on bases 101A, 101B (101B not shown), and is provided with nuts 104A, 104B (104B not shown) into which feed screws 103A, 103B (103B not shown) are threaded, which are driven by actuators 102A, 102B (102B not shown) (e.g., motors) provided on the bases 101A, 101B (101B not shown). As a result, the contact roll device 100 moves each of the bases 13A and 13B together with the moving frames 105A and 105B back and forth on the bases 101A and 101B (101B is not shown) by operating the actuators 102A and 102B (102B is not shown), making it possible to move the contact roll 12, which is supported on both bases 13A and 13B as described below, between a standby position (FIG. 1(A)) where it is separated from the winding shaft 11 and a pressing position (FIG. 1(B)) where the contact roll 12 is pressed against the winding shaft 11 (and the web 1).

[0028] As will be described later, the contact roll 12 is supported by movable frames 14A and 14B, which are in turn supported by mounts 13A and 13B. That is, the left and right movable frames 14A and 14B are guided by two guide rods 21A and 21B provided on the mounts 13A and 13B, respectively, and are movable in directions toward and away from the winding shaft 11.

[0029] Here, the left and right pressure cylinder devices 15A, 15B (15B not shown) are disposed on the left and right movable frames 105A, 105B, respectively, and have protruding piston rods aA, aB (aB not shown) to which a certain air pressure is applied, and the piston rods aA, aB (aB not shown) are connected to the left and right movable frames 14A, 14B. When the contact roll 12 supported on both frames 13A, 13B is advanced to the above-mentioned pressure contact position and the contact roll 12 comes into contact with the winding spindle 11 (and the web 1), the left and right movable frames 14A, 14B to which the piston rods aA, aB (aB not shown) of the pressure cylinder devices 15A, 15B (15B not shown) are connected compress the pressure cylinder devices 15A, 15B (15B not shown). The movable frames 14A and 14B move relative to the winding spindle 11 by the amount of compression as described above, resulting in the contact roll 12 being pressed against the winding spindle 11 (and the web 1).

[0030] The left and right control shafts 16A, 16B are rotatably supported by fulcrum bearings 22A, 22B provided on the left and right movable frames 14A, 14B, respectively, and the portions extending from the corresponding movable frames 14A, 14B serve as support shaft portions 23A, 23B, and both left and right side portions of the cylindrical contact roll 12 are rotatably supported by each support shaft portion 23A, 23B via intermediate bearings 24A, 24B.

[0031] The rotation support structures of the left and right control shafts 16A, 16B are symmetrical, and drive shafts 27A, 27B are connected to the control shafts 16A, 16B via universal joints 26A, 26B. The drive shafts 27A, 27B are rotatably supported by the left and right frames 13A, 13B via bearings 28A, 28B, 29A, 29B, respectively, and can be driven by left and right external drive motors 30A, 30B, respectively.

[0032] In this embodiment, the support shafts 23A, 23B of each control shaft 16A, 16B have a metal base end shaft portion d and a metal tip end shaft portion f, and are configured by fitting and fixing both shaft portions d, f to both ends of a cylindrical carbon central shaft portion e. The base end shaft portion d of each control shaft 16A, 16B is supported by the movable frames 14A, 14B via the above-mentioned fulcrum bearings 22A, 22B. The tip end shaft portions f of each control shaft 16A, 16B rotatably support both the left and right sides of the contact roll 12 via the above-mentioned intermediate bearings 24A, 24B.

[0033] At this time, the contact roll device 100 supports the left and right ends of the contact roll 12 directly on left and right main bearings 110A and 110B provided on left and right movable frames 14A and 14B, respectively, without using left and right control shafts 16A and 16B.

[0034] In this embodiment, the left and right fulcrum bearings 22A, 22B are fitted onto the base end shaft portions d of the control shafts 16A, 16B, and fitted into the inner peripheries of the left and right bearing housings 111A, 111B fixedly provided on the movable frames 14A, 14B.

[0035] The left and right intermediate bearings 24A, 24B are fitted onto the tip side shaft portions f of the control shafts 16A, 16B, respectively, and fitted into the inner peripheries of the left and right rear side bearing housings C1 of the contact roll 12.

[0036] The left and right main bearings 110A, 110B are fitted into left and right external side bearing housings C2 of the contact roll 12, and fitted into the outer peripheries of the above-mentioned bearing boxes 111A, 111B.

[0037] The left and right bending force imparting cylinder devices 17A, 17B are supported by the left and right movable frames 14A, 14B, respectively, and impart bending forces Pm to the left and right control shafts 16A, 16B in a horizontal plane around fulcrum bearings 22A, 22B. Specifically, one end of each bending force imparting cylinder device 17A, 17B is connected to the corresponding movable frame 14A, 14B by pins 121A, 121B (121B is not shown), and the other end is connected to a swing lever 31A, 31B (31B is not shown) by pins 123A, 123B (123B is not shown). Furthermore, the swing lever 31A, 31B (31B is not shown) is connected to a pressure arm 32A, 32B (32B is not shown) by pins 124A, 124B (124B is not shown). Therefore, the pressure force of each bending force imparting cylinder device 17A, 17B is transmitted to the bending bearings 35A, 35B via the swing levers 31A, 31B (31B not shown) and pressure arms 32A, 32B (32B not shown), and ultimately imparts a bending force Pm to each control shaft 16A, 16B in the horizontal plane around the fulcrum bearings 22A, 22B.

[0038] As a result, in the contact roll device 100, the left and right bending force imparting cylinder devices 17A, 17B bend the left and right control shafts 16A, 16B, respectively, and impart a bending curve to the contact roll 12 supported by each control shaft 16A, 16B.

[0039] At this time, the left and right bending force applying cylinder devices 17A, 17B are driven and controlled independently of each other, so that the bending forces applied to the left and right control shafts 16A, 16B can be set independently of each other.

[0040] Here, in the contact roll device 100, the fulcrum bearings 22A, 22B, the intermediate bearings 24A, 24B, and the main bearings 110A, 110B are each made into a bearing with aligning properties. As a result, the fulcrum bearings 22A, 22B, the intermediate bearings 24A, 24B, and the main bearings 110A, 110B do not provide resistance to the bending of the control shafts 16A, 16B by the bending force imparting cylinder devices 17A, 17B, and therefore to the bending of the contact roll 12, allowing the control shafts 16A, 16B and the contact roll 12 that pivotally support them to rotate smoothly.

[0041] Furthermore, weight deflection compensation screws 33A, 33B are threadedly attached to the movable frames 14A, 14B in the vertical direction. The compensation screws 33A, 33B apply bending forces in the vertical plane around the fulcrum bearings 22A, 22B to the control shafts 16A, 16B via bearings 34A, 34B mounted around the base ends of the control shafts 16A, 16B. This bending force compensates for weight deflection in the vertical plane due to the weight of the contact roll 12.

[0042] At the start of rotation, the contact roll 12 is rotated by the control shafts 16A and 16B driven by the external drive motors 30A and 30B, thereby being given a rotational speed that matches the web moving speed, and thereafter is maintained at a rotational speed that matches the web moving speed by being rotated by both the control shafts 16A and 16B and the web 1.

[0043] The contact roll device 100 operates as follows. (1) When the left and right bending force imparting cylinder devices 17A, 17B bend the left and right control shafts 16A, 16B and tension and displace the tips of the support shafts 23A, 23B of the control shafts 16A, 16B so as to move closer to the winding shaft 11, the above-mentioned tension and displacement of the tips of the support shafts 23A, 23B of the control shafts 16A, 16B imparts a bending curve to the contact roll 12 so as to move the central portion closer to the winding shaft 11. As a result, when the pressure cylinder devices 15A, 15B (15B not shown) are operated to press both ends of the contact roll 12, to which the above-mentioned bending curve has been imparted, towards the winding shaft 11, the entire both ends and the central portion of the contact roll 12 conform completely parallel to the winding shaft 11 and come into uniform contact with the entire widthwise area of ​​the winding shaft 11. Therefore, the amount of air trapped between the web 1 is reduced or equalized across the entire width of the winding shaft 11, and the winding shape of the web 1 is improved.

[0044] (2) By independently setting the bending forces applied to the left and right control shafts 16A and 16B by the left and right bending force applying cylinder devices 17A and 17B, the bending curve applied to the contact roll 12 in the above (1) can be adjusted. This makes it possible to adjust the state of air entrapment between the web 1 in the width direction of the winding shaft 11, improving the winding shape of the web 1.

[0045] Therefore, this embodiment provides the following advantageous effects. (a) Left and right main bearings 110A, 110B that pivotally support the left and right ends of the contact roll 12 without the intervention of the left and right control shafts 16A, 16B are provided on the left and right movable frames 14A, 14B.

[0046] Therefore, the vertical force Pf due to the weight of the contact roll 12 and the pressing force Pn of the contact roll 12 pressing against the take-up shaft 11 are borne by the main bearings 110A and 110B. As a result, the load P acting on the fulcrum bearings 22A and 22B becomes the bending force Pm applied to the control shafts 16A and 16B by the bending force imparting cylinder devices 17A and 17B. Even if a portion of Pf and Pn acts on the fulcrum bearings 22A and 22B via the intermediate bearings 24A and 24B and the control shafts 16A and 16B, the load P acting on the fulcrum bearings 22A and 22B is reduced compared to the prior art. When the bearing load P that ensures the desired rated life Lh of the fulcrum bearings 22A and 22B is constant, the bending force Pm that the bending force imparting cylinder devices 17A and 17B can apply to the control shafts 16A and 16B can be significantly increased compared to the prior art. In other words, the fulcrum bearings 22A, 22B, which are designed to ensure a certain lifespan, can be made smaller, and the lifespan of the fulcrum bearings 22A, 22B, which have a certain capacity (size), can be extended, while the bending force imparting cylinder devices 17A, 17B can apply as large a bending force as possible to the control shafts 16A, 16B. This in turn makes it possible to reduce the size of the contact roll device 100 and improve the web winding shape by increasing the bending force imparted by the bending force imparting cylinder devices 17A, 17B.

[0047] (b) Ideally, the contact roll 12 is pressed against the winding shaft 11 and the web 1 and rotated by the web 1. However, the contact roll 12 experiences rotational resistance due to friction caused by compressive strain deformation of the surface rubber layer b of the contact roll 12, causing the peripheral speed of the contact roll 12 to be slower than the speed of the web 1, which may result in scratches on the surface of the contact roll 12.

[0048] At this time, by adjusting the rotation speed of the control shafts 16A and 16B driven by the external drive motors 30A and 30B, the rotation speed of the contact roll 12 which rotates along with the control shafts 16A and 16B can be adjusted, thereby preventing the above-mentioned scratches.

[0049] (c) The contact roll device 100 may be equipped with a rotation detector 130 for the contact roll 12. In this case, in the above (b), the cause of the above-mentioned scratches can be determined using the detection results from the rotation detector 130 for the contact roll 12.

[0050] (d) The contact roll device 100 is provided with left and right external drive motors 30A, 30B. As a result, in the above (b), by driving the left and right control shafts 16A, 16B by the left and right external drive motors 30A, 30B, respectively, the rotation of the contact roll 12 can be increased, thereby effectively suppressing the occurrence of the above-mentioned scratches.

[0051] However, in the present invention, only one of the left and right control shafts 16A, 16B may be driven by an external drive motor.

[0052] (e) By arranging the intermediate bearings 24A, 24B only on the axial tip side of the support shaft portions 23A, 23B of the left and right control shafts 16A, 16B, respectively, the resistance that the intermediate bearings 24A, 24B provided on the control shafts 16A, 16B exert on the bending deformation of the contact roll 12 is alleviated, and the desired bending curve can be easily imparted to the contact roll 12.

[0053] However, in the present invention, intermediate bearings may be provided only on the base end side along the axial direction of the support shaft portions 23A, 23B of the left and right control shafts 16A, 16B, or intermediate bearings may be provided on both the tip end side and the intermediate portion.

[0054] Although an embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration of the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and the present invention also includes design changes and the like that do not deviate from the gist of the present invention. [Industrial Applicability]

[0055] As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the size of the contact roll device and improve the web winding shape by increasing the bending force applied by the bending force applying device. [Explanation of symbols]

[0056] 1 Web 11 Winding shaft 12 Contact Roll 13A, 13B Mounting stand 14A, 14B Movable frame 15A, 15B Pressure cylinder device (pressure device) 16A, 16B control axis 17A, 17B Bending force applying cylinder device (bending force applying device) 22A, 22B fulcrum bearing 23A, 23B Support shaft part 30A, 30B External drive motor (external drive source) 100 Contact roll device 110A, 110B main bearing

Claims

1. a contact roll device that presses a contact roll, which is arranged parallel to a winding shaft and rotates, against a web being wound around the winding shaft; a pressure device that allows the left and right movable frames to move in directions toward and away from the winding spindle while being guided by left and right guides provided on a frame; a pressure device that allows the left and right movable frames to move as described above; left and right control shafts that are divided into left and right axially so as to be pivotally supported on fulcrum bearings provided on the left and right movable frames, and have portions extending from the corresponding movable frames as support shaft parts, and support the left and right side parts of the contact roll rotatably together via intermediate bearings provided on the support shaft parts; and left and right bending force applying devices that are supported by the left and right movable frames and apply bending forces around the fulcrum bearings to bending bearings provided on the left and right control shafts, left and right main bearings for pivotally supporting the left and right ends of the contact roll without using the left and right control shafts are provided on the left and right movable frames, With respect to the axial direction of each of the left and right control shafts, intermediate bearings are provided on the support shaft portions of each control shaft supporting each of the left and right side portions of the contact roll, on both sides of the fulcrum bearings that pivotally support each control shaft, and bending bearings are provided on each control shaft so that each bending force imparting device imparts a bending force, This contact roll device bends each of the left and right control shafts around the fulcrum bearings by the bending forces applied to the bending bearings by the left and right bending force applying devices, thereby imparting a desired bending curve to the contact rolls supported on the support shaft portions of the control shafts via intermediate bearings.

2. 2. The contact roll device according to claim 1, further comprising an external drive source capable of driving at least one of the left and right control shafts, wherein the contact roll can be rotated by the rotation of the control shaft driven by the external drive source, and the rotation speed of the control shaft driven by the external drive source can be adjusted.

3. 3. The contact roll device according to claim 2, further comprising a rotation detector for the contact roll, and the rotation speed of the contact roll detected by the rotation detector can be adjusted to be equal to the web speed.

4. 3. The contact roll device according to claim 2, wherein the left and right control shafts are drivable by left and right external drive sources, respectively.

5. 5. The contact roll device according to claim 4, wherein the intermediate bearings are disposed only on the axially distal end sides of the support shaft portions of the left and right control shafts.

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