Optical tools with functional molecules

Abstract

To provide an optical device with a function layer which features a specific optical effect and can be added as a part of a layer coating process.SOLUTION: An optical device is provided, comprising a reflective layer 16; a selective light modulating layer 14 external to the reflective layer 16; and functional molecules present in at least one of the selective light modulating layer 14, a functional layer external to a surface of the selective light modulating layer 14, the selective light modulating layer 14 near an external surface, the selective light modulating layer 14 near the reflective layer 16, and a functional layer external to the reflective layer 16. A method of manufacturing the optical device is also provided.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to articles such as optical tools in the form of foils, sheets and / or flakes. The optical device includes a reflective layer; a selective light-modulating layer outside the reflective layer; and a selective light-modulating layer , a functional layer outside the surface of the selective light modulation layer, near the outer surface of the selective light modulation layer, selective light modulation The functional molecules present in at least one of the functional layers near the reflective layer and outside the reflective layer In another embodiment, the optical device may include a reflective layer; a selective light-modulating layer outside the reflective layer; and the selection of the reflective layer, the functional layer outside the surface of the reflective layer, the layer near the outer surface of the reflective layer, and the reflective layer. The optical device may include a functional molecule present in at least one of the adjacent light-modulating layers. A method of manufacture is also disclosed. [Background technology]

[0002] Pigment flakes in a paint system must be compatible with the chemistry of the particular paint system. If the flake material is not compatible with the paint system, the incorrect orientation of the pigment flakes in the paint can result in unintended In certain applications, random flake orientation is required. To control the behavior of the flakes in the paint, it is necessary to make them hydrophobic or hydrophilic. In addition to adjusting the surface energy of the flakes, it is necessary to control the surface energy of the flakes. Compatibilization of the flakes may involve, for example, the application of silane functionalization for compatibility with desired paint chemistries. For application, a separate chemical coating step in a chemical bath is required. The material properties of the feed flakes are adjusted gradually as all the material must be evaporated in a vacuum. This severely limits the material selection options. It can only be added in a separate chemical coating step to the prepared pigment flakes, and the layer coating It cannot be added as part of the design process. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In one embodiment, a reflective layer; a selective light-modulating layer outside the reflective layer; and a selective light-modulating layer, ... a functional layer outside the surface of the selective light modulation layer, a functional layer near the outer surface of the selective light modulation layer, a functional layer near the outer surface of the selective light modulation layer, The functional layer includes a functional molecule present in at least one of the functional layers near the reflective layer and outside the reflective layer. An optical tool is disclosed.

[0004] In another aspect, a method for manufacturing an optical tool is disclosed, the method comprising: forming a reflective layer on a substrate; depositing a selective light modulating layer on the reflective layer; depositing a selective light modulating layer on the reflective layer; and A functional layer outside the surface of the selective light modulation layer, near the outer surface of the selective light modulation layer, and the selective light modulation layer functional molecules present in at least one of the functional layers near the reflective layer and outside the reflective layer; This includes preparing the following:

[0005] In a further aspect, a reflective layer; a selective light modulating layer outside the reflective layer; and a reflective layer, a reflective layer the functional layer outside the surface of the reflective layer, near the outer surface of the reflective layer, and near the selective light modulation layer of the reflective layer An optical tool is disclosed that includes a functional molecule present in at least one of:

[0006] In another aspect, a method for manufacturing an optical tool is disclosed, the method comprising: forming a reflective layer on a substrate; depositing a selective light modulating layer on the reflective layer; and depositing a selective light modulating layer on the reflective layer. the functional layer on the outer surface, the reflective layer near the outer surface, and the reflective layer near the selective light modulation layer The method includes providing a functional molecule present in at least one of the following:

[0007] Additional features and advantages of various embodiments are set forth in part in the description that follows and in part in the description. These and other features and advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description, or may be learned by practice of various embodiments. The objectives and other advantages of the embodiments will become apparent from and be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. This will be realized and achieved through

[0008] The present disclosure, in some aspects and embodiments thereof, is described in detail in the accompanying drawings. can be more fully understood from [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 13]FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of an article according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid coating process illustrating the deposition of a layer, such as an SLML layer, according to one example of the present disclosure.

[0010] Like reference numerals identify like elements throughout the specification and figures.

[0011] Both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is intended to provide a description of various embodiments of the teachings. In various embodiments, disclosed herein are, for example, foils, sheets and frames. and methods for making articles such as optical tools in the form of a powder. Articles including optical tools, optical taggants and optical security devices are of simplified construction. In particular, functionality can be incorporated into the deposited layers without vacuum and chemical baths. This allows for the production of little or no waste. The properties of the article, such as the rake, can be selected, for example, during processing of the article and spraying of the article into the paint. As another example, the accumulation of static electricity can be controlled during the process to prevent fire, explosion, or Flame retardant additives may be added as a feature to help control the associated hazards.

[0012] The article 10, such as an optical tool in a figure such as FIG. 1, includes a reflective layer 16; In one embodiment, the functional molecules 12 may comprise a selective light modulating layer (SLML) 14. 14, the functional layer 12 outside the surface of the selective light modulation layer 14, near the outer surface of the selective light modulation layer 14 In particular, the selective light modulation layer 14 is located near the reflective layer 16 and the functional layer 12 is located outside the reflective layer 16. In another embodiment, the functional molecule 12 may be present in at least one of the reflective layer 16, the reflective layer 1 6, the functional layer 12 near the outer surface of the reflective layer 16 and the selective light conversion layer of the reflective layer 16. The functional molecules 12 may be present in at least one of the adjacent layers 14. or within another layer, such as the SLML 14 layer having functional molecules 12. For ease of reference in the figures and in this disclosure, functional molecules 1 When 2 is present as a functional layer 12, the number 12 is used to identify the entire layer. When 12's are present in another layer, they are represented as circles and identified with the number 12.

[0013] The functional molecules 12 provide at least one of the following functions to the article 10, such as an optical tool: Provides: Ease of release from substrate, compatibility with water-based and other paint systems, color control, durability Enhanced conductivity for static charge control, flame retardancy, water permeation control and optical appearance, durability and other properties beneficial to safety. The surface energy of the article 10, such as a flake, is determined by the paint It can be adjusted to match the matrix to optimize the desired optical effect. The orientation of the flakes within the trichomes is determined by the angle in the z dimension (leafing) or the maximum flop. Asymmetric or symmetric flakes can be oriented in the paint matrix.

[0014] As another example, when functional molecules 12 are present in a functional layer 12, they may be coated on a substrate. and can be used to peel the optical stack from the substrate. The functional molecules 12 present in the functional layer 12 can be selected to control the compatibility of the coating. The polymer may be hydrophilic, hydrophobic, or have both properties. Vinyl alcohol has hydrophilic properties that can be adjusted to release the optical stack from the substrate. Since it exhibits both hydrophobic and hydrophobic properties, it can be used as a functional molecule 12 .

[0015] As a further example, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 9, the functional molecule 12 is SLML14 When present in the article 10, they increase the electrical conductivity of the article 10, such as an optical tool, and aid in article processing. The functional molecules 12 may be, for example, carbon materials, metal nanoparticles, or the like. Examples include nanoparticle powders, ionic liquids, and conductive polymers.

[0016] As another example, the functional molecules 12 may be used in material processing, such as flake sizing, shipping, and handling. It can provide flame retardant properties that control the explosion risk of fine particles such as pigment dust that are generated during processing. , the flakes may electrostatically adhere to the equipment and may be affected by any static charge on the item being processed. This may cause sparks and lead to fire or explosion. The functional molecules 12 may aid in charge dissipation and may also provide improved adhesion with the metal reflective layer 16. Examples of the additives include halogen additives and siloxanes. The functional molecule 12 having both a phosphate functional group and a phosphate group is involved in crosslinking of the resin. The phosphate groups can be strongly bonded to oxides on metal surfaces such as the reflective layer 16. In addition, the phosphate groups allow the charges on the article 10 to move across the surface of the article 10 or across the surface of the article 10. 16 and ultimately to the ground. .

[0017] When article 10 includes functional layer 12, such as in FIGS. 2, 3, and 10, functional layer 12 may be Depending on the composition of 2, it may be about 5 nm to about 200 nm, for example, about 10 nm to about 180 nm, or As another example, the functional layer 12 may have a thickness in the range of about 15 nm to about 160 nm. The functional layer 12 should not reduce the optical properties of the functional light modulating layer 14. It can be coated to a certain thickness or contain a suitable material to provide For example, the functional layer 12 can include nanoparticles with a higher refractive index, which It may also facilitate release of the article from a substrate used in a coating process.

[0018] As shown in FIG. 2, article 10 includes a reflective layer 16, a selective light-modulating layer outside reflective layer 16, and a 14 and functional molecules 12 present in the functional layer 12 outside the surface of the selective light modulation layer 14. As shown in FIG. 3, article 10 includes a reflective layer 16, selective light modulation outside of reflective layer 16, and a The functional molecules 12 may be present in the functional layer 12 outside the layer 14 and the reflective layer 16 .

[0019] As shown in FIG. 4, article 10 includes a reflective layer 16, a selective light-modulating layer 14 outside reflective layer 16, and a and functional molecules 12 present in the selective light-modulating layer 14. In particular, functional molecules 12 may be present throughout the selective light-modulating layer 14, i.e., diffused throughout the selective light-modulating layer 14. The functional molecules 12 change from a diffused state as shown in FIG. 4 to an ordered state as shown in FIGS. The transition from the diffuse to the aligned state may occur over time. or based on the physical properties of the functional molecules 12, the drying process and / or the curing process. As shown in FIG. 5, the article 10 includes a reflective layer 16, a The outer selective light-modulating layer 14 and the functional molecules present near the outer surface of the selective light-modulating layer 14 As shown in FIG. 6, the article 10 may include a reflective layer 16, a selection layer outside the reflective layer 16, and a The selective light-modulating layer 14 and the functional molecule 12 present near the reflective layer 16 of the selective light-modulating layer 14 may include:

[0020] Article 10 includes a reflective layer 16 having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. Article 10 can include a selective light modulating layer 14, which can modulate a first selective light The modulation layer 14 is on the outside of the first surface of the reflective layer 16. As shown in FIG. may include a second selective light-modulating layer 14' on the outside of the second surface of the reflective layer 16. The photosensitive molecules 12 are at least part of the first selective light-modulating layer 14 and the second selective light-modulating layer 14'. The functional molecules 12 may be in a diffused state as shown in FIG. 7, and in a state as shown in FIG. 9. As shown in FIG. 8, the article 10 has a first surface and a reflective layer 16 having a second surface opposite the first surface; a first selective light-modulating layer 14 on the outer side; and a second selective light-modulating layer on the outer side of the second surface of the reflective layer 16. 14'; and at least one of the first selective light-modulating layer 14 and the second selective light-modulating layer 14'. The outer surface of at least one of the first selective light-modulating layer 14 and the second selective light-modulating layer 14' is As shown in FIG. 9, the article 10 may include a first surface and a second surface. a reflective layer 16 having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; a first selective light modulating layer 14 on the outer side of the first surface of the reflective layer 16; a second selective light modulating layer 15 on the outer side of the second surface of the reflective layer 16; and at least one of the first selective light-modulating layer 14 and the second selective light-modulating layer 14'. The first selective light-modulating layer 14 may include functional molecules 12 present near the other reflective layer. , may be the same as or different from second selective light-modulating layer 14'.

[0021] As shown in FIG. 10, article 10 has a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. a first selective light modulating layer 14 on the outer side of a first surface of the reflective layer 16; a second selective light-modulating layer 14' on the outer side of the second surface of layer 16; and a first selective light-modulating layer The outer functional layers 12, 12' on at least one surface of the first selective light modulating layer 14 and the second selective light modulating layer 14'. The first selective light-modulating layer 14 may include functional molecules 12 present in at least one of the first The functional layers 12, 1 may be the same as or different from the selective light-modulating layer 14'. The 2' may be the same as or different from each other.

[0022] 11-16 show an article 10 including a non-vacuum deposited non-metallic reflective layer 16. Any non-metallic material may be used for the reflective layer 16. Examples of non-metallic materials are disclosed further herein. Examples include sputtering deposition; evaporation; plasma deposition; sol-gel deposition; spin coating. coating; dip coating; and liquid coating processes (slot die deposition processes) Any non-vacuum deposition process may be used, including processes such as vacuum deposition.

[0023] As shown in FIG. 11, article 10 includes a reflective layer 16, a selective light-modulating layer 11 outside reflective layer 16, and a 4 and functional molecules 12 present in the reflective layer 16. In particular, the functional molecules 12 The functional molecules 12 may be present throughout the reflective layer 16, i.e., may be diffused throughout the reflective layer 16. 1, can move from a diffuse state to an ordered state as shown in Figs. The change from the diffuse to the ordered state can occur over time or by the addition of functional molecules. The choice can be based on the physical properties of the material, drying process and / or curing process. As shown in FIG. 12, the article 10 includes a reflective layer 16, a selective light modulation outside the reflective layer 16, and a The functional molecules 12 may be present near the outer surface of the layer 14 and the reflective layer 16. As shown, article 10 comprises reflective layer 16, selective light modulating layer 14 outside reflective layer 16, and reflective Layer 16 may include functional molecules 12 present near selective light-modulating layer 14 .

[0024] Article 10 includes a reflective layer 16 having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. Article 10 can include a selective light-modulating layer 14, which can include a first selective light-modulating layer. The first surface of the article 10 is the optically adjustable layer 14, which is located outside the first surface of the reflective layer 16. The reflector 16 may include a second selective light modulating layer 14', which is disposed outside the second surface of the reflector 16. The functional molecules 12 may be present in the reflective layer 16 in a manner similar to that of the article 10 of FIG. As shown in FIG. 15, the article 10 has a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. a first selective light modulating layer 14 on the outer side of a first surface of the reflective layer 16; a second selective light-modulating layer 14' on the outer side of the second surface of layer 16; and a first selective light-modulating layer 14' on the outer side of the second surface of layer 16; The functional molecules 12 may be present near the light modulating layer 14. In another embodiment, the functional molecules are There may be a second selective light-modulating layer 14' adjacent the functional layer.

[0025] As shown in FIG. 16, the article 10 has a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. a first selective light modulating layer 14 on the outer side of a first surface of the reflective layer 16; a second selective light-modulating layer 14' on the outer side of the second surface of layer 16; and a first selective light-modulating layer 14' on the outer side of the second surface of layer 16; Near at least one (e.g., both) of the light modulating layer 14 and the second selective light modulating layer 14' The first selective light-modulating layer 14 may include functional molecules 12 present. It may be the same as or different from layer 14'.

[0026] The article 10 shown in the figures comprises a charge dissipation group; a coating bonding group; and an adhesive. The functional molecule 12 may include at least one group selected from the enhancing group. Charge dissipation groups include, for example, amines, polyols, phosphates, amides, and quaternary amines. Mononium salts, pyridinium salts, polyethylene glycol, phenol, carbon black , conductive metal particles, carbon nanotubes, indium oxide, conductive polymers, sulfones The coating binding groups include, for example, , acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl, epoxy, urethane, polyol, amine, These include phenols, carboxylic acids, amides, thiols, and combinations thereof. Adhesion improving groups include, for example, siloxanes, amines, polyols, polycarboxylic acids, Examples include phosphoric acids, sulfonic acids, amines, anhydrides, acyl halides, and combinations thereof. The functional molecule 12 may contain functional groups having two or more functions. Note that, for example, phosphates, amines, carboxylic acids, polyols, and amides are It can bind to surfaces and dissipate charge.

[0027] The functional molecules for use in the disclosed article 10 can be the same or different. For example, the functional molecules 12 may be combined with a variety of different molecules to provide a variety of different functions to the article. In one embodiment, for example, functional molecules 12 are present or aligned within a layer. If present, they may be the same types of functional molecules 12 as those disclosed above. In another embodiment, for example, when the functional molecules 12 are present in the layer in a diffused state, they are In a further embodiment, the functional molecules 12 may be of various types in a certain layer. It may be the same, but may be different in the second layer or in a different layer.

[0028] In one embodiment, article 10 may be in the form of a sheet that can be used on an object or substrate. In another embodiment, article 10 may be in the form of a foil or flake. 10 may have a layered shape. In one embodiment, an optical tool may include article 10. In another embodiment, The composition may include an optical tool and a liquid medium. The composition may be an ink, varnish, paint, or the like. In another embodiment, the article 10 is an optical tool in the form of a flake, The arc has a thickness of 100 nm to 100 μm and a size of 100 nm to 1 mm, for example. The article 10 can be a color-changing colorant or a security feature on currency. Common attributes of the uses of article 10 include high chromaticity (or strong color), color variation with viewing angle (also known as goniochromaticity or iridescence), and and flop (mirror appearance and metallic surfaces that change in brightness, hue or chromaticity with changing viewing angle) Additionally, article 10 may be metallic in color and may require additional drying agents to produce the color. Negotiations cannot be used.

[0029] Although the figures show an article 10 such as an optical tool in the form of a sheet, the article 10 may be a sheet of optical tool or the like. The powder may be in the form of flakes and / or foils, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. Additionally, although the figures show certain layers in a particular order, one skilled in the art will appreciate that article 10 may be constructed in any order and with any desired layers. It will be understood that the composition of any particular layer may be any number of layers. may be the same as or different from the composition of any other layer. For example, the first selective light-modulating layer The second selective light modulation layer (SLML) 14 may have the same composition as the second selective light modulation layer (SLML) 14' or a different composition. Furthermore, the physical properties of any particular layer may be the same as the physical properties of any other layer. For example, the first SLML 14 may have a composition with a first refractive index. However, a second SLML 14' of the same article 10 may have a different refractive index. As another example, the first SLML 14 may have a composition of a first thickness. The second SLML 14' may have a composition, but may have a second thickness different from the first thickness. The thickness of the film may be the same as that of the film.

[0030] The reflective layer 16 may be a broadband reflector, such as a spectral and Lambertian reflector (e.g., The reflector 16 may be a metal, a non-metal, or a metal alloy. In one example, the material of the reflective layer 16 can be any material that has reflective properties in the desired spectral range. For example, any suitable material having a reflectance in the range of 5% to 100% in the desired spectral range may be used. An example of a reflective material is aluminum, which has good reflective properties and is inexpensive. It can be easily formed or deposited as a thin layer. Other reflective materials include aluminum. For example, copper, silver, gold, platinum, palladium, nickel, cobalt, Niobium, chromium, tin and combinations or alloys of these or other metals as reflective materials In one embodiment, the material of the reflector 16 can be a white or light-colored metal. In this example, the reflector 16 may be made of, for example, transition metals and lanthanide metals and combinations thereof. Metal carbides, metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal sulfides, combinations thereof or It may include a mixture of metal and one or more of these materials. The substrate may include a non-metallic reflective layer 16 that is non-vacuum deposited and may include functional molecules 12. can.

[0031] The thickness of the reflector 16 can range from about 5 nm to 5000 nm, but this range is not limiting. For example, if the reflector 16 provides a maximum transmittance of 0.8, In addition, or alternatively, aluminum For the reflector 16 containing fluorine, the optical density (OD) is about 0.1 to 1.0 at a wavelength of about 550 nm. It may be about 4.

[0032] The composition of the reflective layer 16 may be adjusted to obtain sufficient optical density and / or achieve the desired effect. Depending on the thickness, a higher or lower minimum thickness may be required. is approximately 5000nm, approximately 4000nm, approximately 3000nm, approximately 1500nm, approximately 200nm and / or about 100 nm. In one embodiment, the thickness of the reflective layer 16 is about 10 nm to about 5000 nm, for example, about 15 nm to about 4000 nm, about 20 nm to about 3000 nm , about 25nm to about 2000nm, about 30nm to about 1000nm, about 40nm to about 750nm m, or about 50 nm to about 500 nm, for example, about 60 nm to about 250 nm or about 70 The thickness may be from about 200 nm to about 200 nm.

[0033] As shown in the figure, at least two surfaces / sides of the reflective layer 16, e.g., the right ( The third (or third) and left (or fourth) surfaces / sides may be bare. If in the form of a plaque or foil, the reflective layer 16 may have more than the four surfaces illustrated in the figures. In these examples, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 of the reflectors 16 may be included. The surface may be exposed to the atmosphere. In one example, the exposed side of the reflector 16 That is, the surface of the reflector 16 that does not include the outer layer can take advantage of the flop.

[0034] Referring back to FIG. 1, article 10 includes a first selective outer surface of reflective layer 16. The light modulating layer (SLML) 14 may include a thickness in the range of about 0.2 μm to about 20 μm. Modulation of light intensity (absorption and 1. Item 1 of FIG. 1 is a physical layer that includes multiple optical functions for the purpose of transmitting and / or emitting light. 0, SLML14 selectively modulates light through absorption provided by selective SLMS In particular, article 10 includes an asymmetric layer structure that can It may include an SLML 14 that selectively absorbs energy of a particular wavelength.

[0035] The SLML 14 (and / or the material within the SLML 14) may selectively modulate light. For example, the SLM 14 may control the amount of transmission of a particular wavelength. L14 selects specific wavelengths of energy (e.g., within the visible and / or non-visible range). For example, SLML14 may be used as a "coloring layer" and / or a "wavelength selective absorption layer." In some instances, the article 10 may be characterized by specific wavelengths that are absorbed. For example, SLML14 may appear red to the human eye. (For example, SLML14 can absorb wavelengths of light less than about 620 nm, and Therefore, it reflects or transmits energy in wavelengths that appear red. , organic pigments and / or inorganic pigments and / or dyes) This is achieved by adding a fluorine-containing compound (MP) to a host material such as a dielectric material (e.g., a polymer). For example, in some instances, the SLML 14 may be a colored plastic. stomach.

[0036] In some instances, some or all of the specific wavelengths absorbed may be in the visible range. (For example, SLML14 can absorb the entire visible range but transmit in the infrared.) The resulting article 10 appears black but reflects infrared light. , the absorption wavelength (and / or specific visible color) of article 10 and / or SLML 14 may depend, at least in part, on the thickness of the SLML 14. Additionally or alternatively, S The wavelengths of energy absorbed by LML14 (and / or these layers and / or The apparent color of the flakes (or the apparent color of the flakes) may depend, in part, on the addition of certain aspects to SLML14. In addition to absorbing specific wavelengths of energy, SLML14 also has resistance to degradation. Strengthening the reflection layer 16; enabling peeling from the substrate; enabling sizing; reflectivity Resistance to environmental degradation such as oxidation of aluminum or other metals and materials used in layer 16 Based on the composition and thickness of the SLML14, the light transmission, reflection and absorption At least one of high performance in yield can be achieved.

[0037] In some instances, specific wavelengths of energy and / or specific wavelengths of visible light are selected. In addition to or as an alternative to the naturally absorbing SLML 14, the SLML 14 of the article 10 may be The refractive index can be controlled, and / or the SLML 14 is a selective light modulating particle with a controllable refractive index. In addition to the absorption control SLMP (e.g., colorant), Alternatively, the refractive index of SLML14 can be controlled by including SLMP in the host material. In some examples, the host material can be an absorption-controlled SLMP. In some cases, the same SLMP may be used for both absorption and refractive index measurements. Both the refractive index and the refractive index can be controlled.

[0038] The performance of the SLML 14 can be determined based on the selection of materials present in the SLML 14. In embodiments, the SLML 14 is used for handling, eroding, aligning, and distributing the flakes to other layers within the article 10. For example, at least one characteristic of the environmental performance of the reflective layer 16 may be improved.

[0039] The first (and optionally the second, third, fourth, etc.) SLMLs 14 each independently The host material may be either alone or in combination with a selective light modulation system (SLMS). In one embodiment, at least one of the first SLMLs 14 may include a host material. In this embodiment, at least one of the first SLMLs 14 may include a host material and an SLMS. SLMS is a combination of selective light modulating molecules (SLMM), selective light modulating particles (SLMP), and additives. or a combination thereof.

[0040] The composition of SLML14 is about 0.01% to about 100%, for example, about 0.05% to about 80%, As a further example, the solids content may range from about 1% to about 30%. The crystalline content can be greater than 3%. In some embodiments, the composition of the SLML14 is between about 3% and about 10%. 0%, for example, in the range of about 4% to 50% solids.

[0041] The first SLML14 host material is applied independently as a coating liquid and is optically The host material may be a film-forming material that serves functional and structural purposes. 10. Guess the selective light modulation system (SLMS) to provide additional light modulation characteristics. It can be used as a host (matrix) for introducing a cellular system.

[0042] The host material can be a dielectric material. Additionally or alternatively, the host material can be an organic The polymer may be at least one of a polymer, an inorganic polymer, and a composite material. Non-limiting examples include polyesters, polyolefins, polycarbonates, polyamides , polyimide, polyurethane, acrylic, acrylate, polyvinyl ester, polyester esters, polythiols, silicones, fluorocarbons and their various copolymers Thermoplastics such as epoxy, polyurethane, acrylate, melamine hol Thermosetting compounds such as urea formaldehyde, urea formaldehyde and phenol formaldehyde Resins; such as acrylate, epoxy, vinyl, vinyl ester, styrene and silane Non-limiting examples of inorganic polymers include silanes, siloxanes, and the like. Titanates, zirconates, aluminates, silicates, phosphazenes, polyborates Dithiazyl and polythiazyl are included.

[0043] The first SLML 14 can include from about 0.001% to about 100% by weight of the host material. In one embodiment, the host material comprises from about 0.01% to about 95% by weight of SLML14, for example , about 0.1% by weight to about 90% by weight, and as another example, about 1% by weight to about 87% by weight of SL May be present in ML14.

[0044] The SLMS for use with the SLML14 in conjunction with the host material are independently selected. Selective light modulating particles (SLMPs), selective light modulating molecules (SLMMs), additives or combinations thereof The SLMS may include other materials. The SLMS may include a selected area or target. Modulation of the amplitude of electromagnetic radiation (absorption, reflection, fluorescence, etc.

[0045] Each of the first SLMLs 14 can independently include an SLMP in an SLMS. SLMPs can be any particles that, in combination with a host material, selectively control light modulation. For example, color shifting particles, dyes, colorants containing one or more dyes, pigments, reflective pigments, Non-limiting examples of SLMPs include color-shifting pigments, quantum dots, and selective reflectors. Examples include organic pigments, inorganic pigments, quantum dots, nanoparticles (selectively reflecting and / or absorbing Nanoparticles include, for example, nanoparticles with high refractive index (approximately 550n Organic and organometallic materials with n>1.6 at wavelengths of 1000 nm: TiO2, ZrO2, In2 O3, In2O3-SnO, SnO2, Fe x O y(x and y are each independently 0 (larger integer), metal oxides such as WO3; ZnS and Cu x S y (x and y are (each independently an integer greater than 0) metal sulfides; chalcogenides, quantum dots, metals nanoparticles; carbonates; fluorides; and combinations thereof.

[0046] Examples of SLMMs include, for example, organic dyes, inorganic dyes, micelles and other molecules containing chromophores. The system is included.

[0047] In some embodiments, the SLMS of the first SLML 14 comprises a curing agent and a coating aid. The composition may include at least one additive such as a surfactant.

[0048] A hardener is a compound or material that can initiate the hardening, vitrification, crosslinking, or polymerization of a host material. Non-limiting examples of curing agents include solvents, radical generators (energy or chemical Chemical substances), acid generators (energy or chemical), condensation initiators and acids / A base catalyst is included.

[0049] Non-limiting examples of coating aids include leveling agents, wetting agents, defoamers, adhesion promoters, Antioxidant, UV stabilizer, cure retardant, antifouling agent, corrosion inhibitor, photosensitizer, secondary crosslinking agent and an infrared absorber for improved infrared drying. In one embodiment, the antioxidant is , may be present in the SLML14 composition in an amount ranging from about 25 ppm to about 5% by weight.

[0050] Each SLML14 can independently contain a solvent. Non-limiting examples of solvents include: Acetates such as ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, and butyl acetate; acetone; water; dimethyl methyl ketone (DMK), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), sec-butyl methyl ketone (SB MK), tert-butyl methyl ketone (TBMK), cyclopentanone and anisole ketones such as propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ester Glycols and glycol derivatives such as ethyl acetate; isopropyl alcohol and and diacetone alcohol; esters such as malonates; n-methylpyridinyl Heterocyclic solvents such as rolidone; hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; glycol ethers In one aspect, the solvent may include a coalescing solvent such as SLML, About 0% by weight to about 99.9% by weight, for example, about 0.005% by weight to about 99.9% by weight, based on the total weight of 14 The first S in an amount ranging from about 99% by weight, and as a further example, from about 0.05% by weight to about 90% by weight. It can be present in LML14'.

[0051] In some examples, the first SLML14 comprises (i) a photoinitiator, (ii) an oxygen quenching mitigation group, (iii) a leveling agent; and (iv) a defoaming agent. It may contain ingredients.

[0052] The oxygen inhibition mitigation composition can be used to mitigate oxygen inhibition of free radical materials. Molecular oxygen quenches the triplet state of the photoinitiator sensitizer or scavenges free radicals. This can result in poor coating properties and / or an uncured liquid surface. The composition may reduce oxygen inhibition or enhance the cure of any SLML14.

[0053] The oxygen suppressant composition may contain two or more compounds. At least one acrylate, e.g., at least one acrylate monomer and at least In one embodiment, the oxygen suppression mitigation composition may include at least one acrylate oligomer. The composition comprises at least one acrylate monomer and two acrylate oligomers. Non-limiting examples of acrylates for use in the oxygen inhibitor mitigation composition include: Acrylates; methacrylates; epoxy acrylates such as modified epoxy acrylates Acid-functional polyester acrylate, tetrafunctional polyester acrylate, modified polyester Polyester acrylates such as ster acrylates and bio-based polyester acrylates Amine-modified polymers containing amine-functional acrylate coinitiators and tertiary amine coinitiators Polyether acrylates such as urethane acrylates; aromatic urethane acrylates , modified aliphatic urethane acrylate, aliphatic urethane acrylate and aliphatic alfa urethane acrylates such as ester-based urethane acrylates; and their monomers and In one embodiment, the oxygen inhibition mitigation composition may include two oligomers. At least one acrylate oligomer may be included. The acrylate oligomers are mercapto-modified polyester acrylates and amine-modified polyester acrylates. Polyester acrylates and polyether acrylates such as triether tetraacrylate The oxygen suppression mitigation composition may be selected from 1,6-hexanediol, ... The copolymer may also contain at least one monomer such as ol diacrylate. The total weight of the SLML14 is about 5% to about 95% by weight, for example, about 10% by weight. % to about 90% by weight, and as another example, from about 15% to about 85% by weight. 1 can be present in SLML14.

[0054] In some cases, the host material of SLML14 uses a non-radical curing system, such as a cationic system. Cationic systems can be used to mitigate the effects of oxygen inhibition of free radical processes. In one example, Monomer 3 The use of -ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane does not require an oxygen mitigation composition.

[0055] In one embodiment, the first SLML14 each independently comprises two photoinitiators or three photoinitiators. The photoinitiator may include at least one photoinitiator, such as a shorter wave The photoinitiator may be active at actinic wavelengths. It can be a Type 1 photoinitiator or a Type II photoinitiator. SLML14 contains a Type I photoinitiator. Initiator only, Type II photoinitiator only, or both Type I and Type II photoinitiators The photoinitiator may comprise a combination of the following, based on the total weight of the SLML14 composition: about 0.25% by weight to about 15% by weight, for example, about 0.5% by weight to about 10% by weight, and further For example, the amount of SLML14 in the composition is in the range of about 1% to about 5% by weight. can be done.

[0056] The photoinitiator may be a phosphine oxide. The phosphine oxide may be, for example, a monoaromatic These may include monoacylphosphine oxides and bisacylphosphine oxides. Sphingoxide is diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphineoxide The bisacylphosphine oxide can be bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)phosphine oxide. In one embodiment, at least one phosphine Phosphine oxides may be present in the composition of SLML14. For example, two phosphine oxides may be present in the composition of SLML14. Sides may be present in the composition of SLML14.

[0057] Sensitizers may be present in the composition of SLML14, and may be Type 1 and / or Type The sensitizer can act as a sensitizer for Type II photoinitiators. In one embodiment, the sensitizer may also function as an initiator. Relative to about 0.05% by weight to about 10% by weight, for example, about 0.1% by weight to about 7% by weight, For example, it may be present in the SLML14 composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 5% by weight. The sensitizer may be a thioxanthone, such as 1-chloro-4-propoxythioxanthone. do.

[0058] In one embodiment, the SLML 14 can include a leveling agent. The leveling agent can be a triacrylate. The leveling agent can be used in an amount of about 0.05 based on the total weight of the SLML14 composition. % to about 10% by weight, for example, about 1% to about 7% by weight, and as a further example, about 2 The SLML14 composition may be present in an amount ranging from about 5% to about 5% by weight.

[0059] The first SLML 14 may also include an antifoaming agent. Antifoaming agents can reduce surface tension. The antifoaming agent can be a silicone-free liquid organic polymer. About 0.05% by weight to about 5% by weight, for example about 0.2% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition of ML14 SLM in an amount ranging from about 0.4 wt. % to about 4 wt. %, and as another example, from about 0.4 wt. % to about 3 wt. % It may be present in the composition of L14.

[0060] The first SLMLs 14 each independently have a refractive index greater than or less than about 1.5. For example, each SLML 14' may have a refractive index of about 1.5. The refractive index of LML14 can be selected to provide the desired degree of color shift, Color shift with viewing angle * a * b * It can be defined as the change in hue angle measured in color space. In some examples, each SLML14 is about 1.1 to about 3.0, about 1.0 to about 1.3, or or a refractive index in the range of about 1.1 to about 1.2. The refractive index of ML14 may be less than about 1.5, less than about 1.3, or less than about 1.2. In some instances, the SLML 14 may be substantially identical if there are two or more SLMLs in the article 10. The refractive index may be equal to or different from the others.

[0061] The first SLML14 is about 1 nm to about 10,000 nm, about 10 nm to about 1,000 nm, Approx. 20nm ~ approx. 500nm, approx. 1nm ~ approx. 100nm, approx. 10nm ~ approx. 1000nm, approx. It can have a thickness ranging from 1 nm to about 5000 nm. The article 10 can have an aspect ratio of thickness to width of 1:1 to 1:50.

[0062] In one example, SLML14 uses a diketopyrrolopyrrole insoluble red dye as the SLMP. The reflector 16 may include an alicyclic epoxy resin host for use in the present invention, and the reflector 16 may include aluminum. This can be done.

[0063] In one example, SLML14 is an acrylate SLMP that uses white pigment (titania). The polymer may include a polymeric oligomeric resin host.

[0064] In one example, SLML14 is an acrylate resin that uses a black IR-transmitting pigment as the SLML. The reflective layer 16 may include an oligomeric resin host and may include aluminum. do.

[0065] However, one advantage of the article 10 described herein is that, in some instances, it can provide optical effects. The main issue is that the results appear to be relatively insensitive to thickness variations. In this embodiment, each SLML 14 independently has an optical thickness variation of less than about 5%. In one embodiment, each SLML 14 independently has an optical thickness of less than about 3% across the layer. In one embodiment, each SLML 14 can independently have a thickness of about 50 n over a layer having a thickness in the range of 1000 nm to about 1000 nm (e.g., about 500 nm), The thickness may have a variation of less than about 1% of the target thickness.

[0066] In one embodiment, an article 10, such as an optical tool in the form of a flake, foil, or sheet, comprises a substrate and In one embodiment, a release layer is provided between the substrate and article 10. can be placed.

[0067] Additionally or alternatively, the article 10 in the form of a flake, sheet or foil may have a surface on the article 10. In some instances, these layers (hard coat or protective layer) may be included. The protective layer (or protective coating) does not need to be of optical quality.

[0068] The optical tools and other articles 10 described herein can be made by any method. For example, a sheet may be prepared and then split, crushed, polished, etc. to form an optical tool. In some instances, the sheet may be made into smaller pieces, e.g., and / or by a liquid coating process, including the process described with respect to FIG. It can be created by

[0069] As described herein, article 10, for example in the form of a sheet, flake, or foil, A method of manufacturing is disclosed. The method includes depositing a reflective layer 16 on a substrate; depositing a first selective light modulating layer 14 on the selective light modulating layer 6; and The functional layer 12 on the outer surface of the selective light modulation layer 14, near the outer surface of the selective light modulation layer 14, At least one of the functional layers 12 near the reflective layer 16 of the adjustment layer 14 and outside the reflective layer 16 The functional molecule 12 may include providing a first selective In another embodiment, the functional layer 12 may be provided on the outer surface of the light modulating layer 14. The molecules 12 may be provided in a functional layer 12 outside the reflective layer 16. In a further embodiment, the functional Molecules 12 can be provided in selective light-modulating layer 14, e.g., selective light-modulating layer 14 The reflective layer 16 may be provided over the entire surface, near the outer surface, or near the reflective layer 16.

[0070] As described herein, article 10, for example in the form of a sheet, flake, or foil, A method of manufacturing is also disclosed. The method includes depositing a reflective layer 16 on a substrate; 6, depositing a first selective light modulating layer 14 on the surface of the reflective layer 16; the outer functional layer 12, near the outer surface of the reflective layer 16 and the selective light modulating layer 14 of the reflective layer 16. The method may further include providing a functional molecule 12 in the vicinity of at least one of the functional molecules 12. The functional molecules 12 can be provided in the reflective layer 16. In another embodiment, the functional molecules 12 can be In a further embodiment, the functional layer 12 may be provided on the outer surface of the reflective layer 16. The functional molecules 12 can be provided near the outer surface of the reflective layer 16. The reflective molecules can be present in the reflective layer 16 adjacent the selective light-modulating layer 14 .

[0071] In the method, the substrate may include a release layer. In the disclosed method, plasma-enhanced Physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, thin film deposition, atomic layer deposition, etc., including improved techniques such as fluidized bed deposition. Known conventional deposition processes can be used to deposit the reflective layer 16. Methods include non-vacuum deposition, including those disclosed herein, including liquid coating processes. Deposit the reflective layer 16 using a known conventional deposition process that does not utilize a vacuum, such as a It is possible.

[0072] The substrate can be made of a flexible material. The substrate can be any flexible material that can accept the layers to be deposited. Suitable substrate materials include, but are not limited to, polyethylene terephthalate. Polymer webs such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), glass foil, glass sheet, polymer foil, polymer Sheet, metal foil, metal sheet, ceramic foil, ceramic sheet, ionic liquid, paper, silicone The thickness of the substrate can vary, for example, from about 2 μm to For example, it may be about 100 μm, or, as another example, in the range of about 10 to about 50 μm.

[0073] The first and / or second SLML14, 14' and / or SLML14 The functional molecules 12 and / or functional molecules present in the functional layer 12 and / or the reflective layer 16 The functional molecules 12 present in the molecules and / or reflective layer 16 may be formed by a slot die process or the like. The liquid coating process can be used to deposit the The types include slot beads, slide beads, slot curtains, slide curtains, and single layer and multi-layer coatings, tensioned web slot, gravure, roll coating Applying a liquid onto a substrate or onto an already deposited layer and then drying and / or hardening the Other liquid coating and printing processes that form a liquid layer or film that dissolves can be.

[0074] The substrate can then be peeled from the deposited layers to form article 10. The substrate can then be cooled to embrittle any associated release layers, if present. In the present invention, the exfoliation layer is formed by, for example, heating and / or photonic or electron beam energy. The degree of cross-linking increases and the material becomes brittle, allowing it to be peeled off. The deposited layer can be mechanically removed, such as by sharp bending or brushing the surface. The exfoliated layer can be used to fabricate optical devices in the form of flakes, foils or sheets using known techniques. The article 10 can be sized as follows:

[0075] Alternatively, the deposited layer can be transferred from the substrate to another surface. It can be punched or cut to produce large flakes of well-defined size and shape.

[0076] The liquid coating process achieves faster speeds compared to other deposition techniques such as evaporation. The composition of the LML 14, 14', the reflective layer 16 and / or the functional molecules 12 is transferred. Furthermore, the liquid coating process allows for The various materials used in the layer 16 and the functional molecules 12 can be set up with a simple device. Layers formed using the disclosed liquid coating process exhibit improved optical properties. It is believed that this may be possible.

[0077] Figure 17 shows the formation of a layer using a liquid coating process. L14, the composition (liquid coating composition) of the reflector 16 or the functional molecule 12 is dispensed into the slot. The wet film can be obtained by inserting the film into the die 320 and depositing it on the substrate 340. For the disclosed process, the substrate 340 is a substrate, a release layer, a reflective layer 16 and an already deposited The slot die 320 may include at least one of the layers. The distance to 340 is the slot gap G. The coating composition can be deposited at a wet film thickness D that is greater than the dry film thickness H. After the wet film of the liquid coating composition is deposited on the substrate 340, the wet film of the liquid coating composition is Any solvent present is allowed to evaporate. The liquid coating process continues with the liquid coating. The wet film of the coating composition is cured to the correct optical thickness H (in the range of about 30 to about 700 nm). The self-planarizing ability of the liquid coating composition results in a cured self-planarizing layer having a surface area of ​​100 mm. The force is believed to reduce the optical thickness variation across the layer. Articles 10, such as optical tools, that include the self-planarizing liquid coating composition exhibit high optical accuracy. For ease of understanding, the terms "wet film" and "dry film" are used interchangeably with the term "wet film" or "dry film." Used to refer to liquid coating compositions at various stages of the coating process do.

[0078] The liquid coating process is determined by the minimum of the coating speed and the slot gap G. The method may include adjusting at least one of the thicknesses D to achieve a desired wet film thickness. The body coating composition has a particle size of about 0.1 μm to about 500 μm, for example, about 0.1 μm to about 5 μm. The wet film thickness D can be in the range of m. The formed liquid coating composition having a thickness D is a stable layer, i.e., a striped or In one embodiment, the wet film can be formed without damage or defects such as streaks. using slot die bead mode at coating speeds up to approximately 100 m / min For a stable wet film, the thickness can be about 10 to about 12 μm. The wet film is then coated in slot die curtain mode at coating speeds of up to approximately 1200 m / min. A stable wet film can be obtained using a thickness of about 8 to about 10 μm.

[0079] The liquid coating process is carried out at a speed of about 0.1 to about 1000 m / min. The ratio of the slot gap G to the wet film thickness D can be included. In one embodiment, the ratio is about At a coating speed of 100 m / min, the ratio is about 9. In one embodiment, the ratio is about 50 m / min. The coating speed can be about 20. The liquid coating process can be performed at a speed of about 0 to about 1000 The slot gap G can be in the range of μm. Thinner film thicknesses are possible. In slot bead mode, wet film thicknesses exceeding 10 μm are achieved. Faster coating speeds can be achieved.

[0080] The liquid coating process may be performed at a speed of about 0.1 to about 1000 m / min, for example, about 25 m / min to about 1000 m / min. About 950 m / min, for example, about 100 m / min to about 900 m, and further for example, about 200 m / min In one embodiment, the coating speed can range from about 1000 m / min to about 850 m / min. The coating speed is greater than about 150 m / min, and in a further example, greater than about 500 m / min. big.

[0081] In one embodiment, the coating rate of the bead mode liquid coating process is about 0.1 The speed may be in the range of about 50 to about 150 m / min. In curtain mode liquid coating process, the coating speed is about 200m / min to about 1500 m / min, for example, in the range of about 300 m / min to about 1200 m / min.

[0082] As shown in Figure 17, the solvent can be evaporated from the wet film before it hardens. In one embodiment, the liquid coating composition is pre-cured at about 100%, e.g., about 90%. For example, about 9.9%, or as a further example, about 99.8%, of the solvent is evaporated from the liquid coating composition. In a further embodiment, trace amounts of the cured / dried liquid coating composition may be added. In one aspect, wet films with a greater original weight percent of solvent may have a reduced This can result in a dried film with a small film thickness H. In particular, A wet film deposited at a high wet film thickness D will result in a liquid coating composition with a low dry film thickness H. After evaporation of the solvent, the wet film remains liquid, thereby preventing subsequent liquid coatings. Avoiding issues such as skinning and island formation during the curing step of the process It is important to note that

[0083] The dynamic viscosity of the wet film may be from about 0.5 to about 50 cP, for example, from about 1 to about 45 cP, and further examples may be from about 0.5 to about 50 cP, for example, from about 1 to about 45 cP. The viscosity may be in the range of about 2 to about 40 cP. The viscosity measurement temperature is 25°C. is a 40mm diameter cone / plate at a 0.3° angle with a 0.025mm gap setting on an Anton Paar MCR 101 rheometer equipped with a solvent trap using Measured.

[0084] In some embodiments, the liquid coating composition and solvent are such that the wet film is Newtonian behavior for precision coating of liquid coating compositions using a process The wet membrane can be selected to ‐1 The above Newtonian In one aspect, the shear rate of the liquid coating process can be 1000 s at coating speeds up to 25 m / min ‐1 , e.g., up to 100m Coating speeds up to 3900 sec / min ‐1 As a further example, 200m / For coating speeds of less than 1 minute, 7900 seconds ‐1 The maximum shear rate can be It is understood that this can occur in very thin wet films, such as μm.

[0085] As the thickness of the wet film increases, the shear rate is expected to decrease, e.g., 10 μm wet film is reduced by 15% and, as a further example, 20 μm wet film is reduced by 30% .

[0086] Evaporation of solvent from a wet film can cause viscosity changes and pseudoplasticity, which This can be useful for achieving precision layers such as the reflective layer 16 and / or the SLML 14. After the solvent evaporates, the dynamic viscosity of the deposited layer is about 10 cP to about 3000 cP, for example, about 20 cP. and by way of further example, may range from about 30 cP to about 2000 cP. When solvent is present, evaporation from the wet film increases the viscosity and leads to pseudoplastic behavior. Pseudoplastic behavior allows the wetting film to self-planarize.

[0087] In one aspect, the method comprises evaporating the solvent present in the wet film using known techniques. The time required to evaporate the solvent depends on the speed of the web / substrate and the dryer. In one embodiment, the temperature of the dryer (not shown) is less than about 120° C., e.g. For example, it can be less than about 100°C, and as a further example, less than about 80°C.

[0088] Wet films deposited using liquid coating processes are cured using known techniques. In one embodiment, the wet film can be irradiated with ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared light, or an electron beam. The curing may be carried out using a curing agent that utilizes at least one of the following: The curing step may proceed in an inert atmosphere or ambient atmosphere. An ultraviolet light source with a wavelength of about 100 mJ / cm is used. 2 ~about 10 000mJ / cm 2 , for example, about 200 mJ / cm 2 ~Approx. 900mJ / cm 2 , and For example, about 300 mJ / cm 2~about 850mJ / cm 2 Wet film at irradiation doses in the range can be applied to.

[0089] The wet membrane can be crosslinked by known techniques. Non-limiting examples include free radical crosslinking. Photoinduced free radical polymerization, photoinduced cationic polymerization, photoinduced cationic polymerization Photoinduced polymerization such as cycloaddition and photoinduced polymerization; electron beam induced free radical polymerization, electron Electron beam-induced polymerization, such as electron beam-induced cationic polymerization and electron beam-induced cycloaddition; and thermally induced cationic polymerization. This includes thermally induced polymerization such as polymerization.

[0090] The SLML 14, 14', reflective layer 16 and and / or the functional layer 12 may exhibit improved optical performance, i.e., may be a precision layer. In some instances, the precision layer has an optical thickness variation of less than about 3% across the layer, and less than about 5%. understood to mean a layer with an optical thickness variation or an optical thickness variation of about 7% can.

[0091] In one embodiment, the liquid coating process is carried out at a speed of about 5 to about 100 m / min and a Adjust at least one of the coating gaps from about 50 μm to about 100 μm. Approximately 2 μm to 10 μm wet film of the deposited layer with a predetermined thickness from 0 nm to approximately 1500 nm In a further embodiment, the process may include depositing at least 30 m / min. speed, 75 μm gap, 10 μm wet film, 1.25 μm dry film thickness. Cut.

[0092] In one example, SLML14 is an aliphatic epoxy resin hydroxyl group that uses a solvent dye as the SLMM. The reflective layer 16 may include aluminum.

[0093] Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylic acid, wax, silane, fluorocarbon Functional molecules 12, such as bone wax, are applied to the substrate as reflectors 16 and / or SLML 14. The adhesive can be used to control adhesion and thus facilitate release from the substrate.

[0094] Contains oligomers with functional groups such as phosphate, carboxylic acid, hydroxyl, and siloxane. Functional molecules 12 containing hydroxyl groups can be used to control adhesion to the reflective layer 16 and to dissipate charge. Cut.

[0095] Functional molecules 12 and oligomers bearing silane or fluorocarbon groups were synthesized using SLM. The hydrophobicity of L14 can be increased, which increases its compatibility with hydrophobic paint vehicles. If the hydrophilicity of SLML14 is desired in the paint vehicle, hydroxyl, chlorine, Additives containing hydrophilic groups such as carboxylic acids, phosphates, amines, amides, ureas, and urethanes are suitable for SL The hydrophilicity of ML14 can be increased.

[0096] Functional molecules such as cross-linkable dispersants, carboxylate- or phosphate-containing molecules can be used in SLMPs. The adhesive strength between the host material and the film can be increased.

[0097] Functional molecules such as primary and secondary amines can be polymerized via free radical polymerization to form the reflective layer 1 6. It can alleviate oxygen inhibition in UV curing of deposited layers such as SLML14. Additionally, they can facilitate charge dissipation through the SLML14.

[0098] β-carotene, α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, quercetin, sterically hindered amines, Functional molecules such as phenols can be effective singlet oxygen quenchers.

[0099] Functional molecules 12, such as silane and fluorocarbon-containing molecules, are strongly hydrophobic; Therefore, by incorporating them into the SLML14, the moisture diffusing through it can be kept to a minimum.

[0100] Functional molecules 12, such as organophosphorus compounds, can be used as flame retardants. The containing compounds may also facilitate charge dissipation through SLML14.

[0101] Functional molecules 12 containing silane and fluorocarbon groups typically exhibit weak intermolecular interactions. As a result, they can be used in the SLML 14 or reflective layer 16 to separate the flakes and Rake interaction, i.e., static friction, can be minimized.

[0102] Functional molecules 12, such as UV absorbers such as benzoates and benzotriazoles, are Absorbing UV light in a different wavelength range than that at which curing of the LML14 host material occurs Sterically hindered amines can be used in SLML14 to displace oxygen and peroxy radicals. Neutralization can protect SLML14 from degradation.

[0103] Superacid generating molecules such as iodonium / sulfonium salts are suitable for cationic SLML host chemistry. It can be used as an electron beam curing catalyst for

[0104] From the foregoing description, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present teachings can be embodied in a variety of forms. Accordingly, these teachings have been described with reference to specific embodiments and examples thereof. However, the true scope of the present teachings should not be so limited. Various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0105] The scope of this disclosure should be broadly interpreted. discloses equivalents, means, systems and methods for accomplishing mechanical actions, activities and mechanical movements. It is intended that each tool, article, method, means, mechanical element or mechanism disclosed The present disclosure also includes many of the aspects, features and It is intended to teach equivalents, means, systems and methods for implementing the tools. Additionally, this disclosure relates to coatings and their many aspects, features and elements. Such tools may be dynamic in their use and operation, and the present disclosure provides: Tools and / or equivalents, means, systems and methods of using optical tools in manufacturing, and The present invention encompasses many embodiments thereof consistent with the spirit of the description and operation and function disclosed herein. The claims of this application should likewise be interpreted broadly. The description of the many embodiments of the present invention is merely exemplary in nature and, therefore, Variations that do not depart from the spirit of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. It should not be seen as a departure from the spirit and scope of Ming.

Claims

1. 1. An optical tool comprising: a reflective layer having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; a first selective light-modulating layer outer than the first surface of the reflective layer; a second selective light modulation layer on the outer side of the second surface of the reflective layer; functional molecules present in a functional layer outside the surface of the first selective light modulation layer; Including, the functional molecules comprise at least one group selected from a charge dissipation group; a coating binding group; and an adhesion enhancing group; the charge dissipation group is selected from polyols, phosphoric acids, pyridinium salts, polyethylene glycols, carbon nanotubes, conductive polymers, and combinations thereof; the coating binding group is selected from a polyol; the adhesion-promoting group is selected from polyols, phosphoric acids, sulfonic acids, anhydrides, acyl halides, and combinations thereof; The optical instrument, wherein the first selective light-modulating layer has the same composition as the second selective light-modulating layer.

2. The optical tool of claim 1 , wherein the functional molecules are present in the first and second selective light-modulating layers.

3. The optical tool of claim 1 , wherein the functional molecules are present on an outer surface of the first selective light-modulating layer and an outer surface of the second selective light-modulating layer.

4. The optical tool of claim 1 , wherein the functional molecules are present in at least one functional layer outside the surface of the second selective light modulating layer.

5. The optical tool of claim 1 , wherein the functional molecules are present near the reflective layer of the first and second selective light modulating layers.

6. A method for manufacturing an optical tool according to claim 1, comprising: depositing said reflective layer on a substrate; depositing the first selective light modulation layer on the first surface of the reflective layer; A method for manufacturing an optical tool, comprising:

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the functional molecules are present in the first and second selective light-modulating layers.

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