Crushing equipment for crushing materials

Abstract

The present invention relates to a grinding device (1) for grinding material, in particular for use in the field of recycling and waste treatment, which comprises at least one grinding roller (2) having a roller base (3) rotatable about a rotation axis (4) and a supply means (5), in particular formed as a supply hopper, for supplying the grinding roller (2) with the material to be ground, the roller base (3) being provided with grinding tools (8), in particular teeth, which are arranged in a plurality of rows (7) spaced apart from one another and extending in the longitudinal direction (L) of the roller base (3) and which extend obliquely on the roller base (3) with respect to the longitudinal direction (L). The invention provides that the supply means (5) is configured in such a way that a larger amount of crushed material is produced at the first end (10) of the roller base (3) than at the second end (11) of the roller base (3), and that immediately adjacent crushing tools (8) of one row (7) are arranged such that the crushing tools (8) facing the second end (11) are set back in the direction of rotation compared to the crushing tools (8) facing the first end (10) and / or that different spacings (12) are provided between immediately adjacent crushing tools (8) of one row (7).

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a grinding device for grinding material. The grinding device is particularly used in the fields of recycling and / or waste disposal. In this case, the grinding device may have grinding rollers, which may in turn have a roller base. The grinding rollers or the roller base may be rotatably supported about their rotation axes. The grinding device further has a supply means for supplying the grinding material to the grinding rollers. The supply means is particularly configured as a supply hopper. The roller base is provided with grinding tools, particularly teeth, arranged in a plurality of rows that are spaced apart from one another and extend in the longitudinal direction of the roller base, extending obliquely on the roller base relative to the longitudinal direction.

[0002] Such devices are already known in the prior art. It is also known to arrange the grinding tools in several rows arranged parallel to the rotation axis or the longitudinal direction of the roller base. By using rows of grinding tools arranged obliquely, it is possible to achieve a more uniform grinding product and improved grinding compared to rows arranged parallel to the rotation axis of the roller base.

[0003] The crushing tools may be formed as individual tools and / or as teeth, cutting edges and / or movable hammers. The crushing device generally has a comb with a corresponding tool, which may be supported, in particular, on a machine frame or rack of the crushing device. To crush the material, the crushing tools can cooperate with the corresponding tool of the comb, which may be formed in such a way that crushing of the material occurs when the crushing roller rotates or turns.

[0004] The comb is usually configured as a tool-holding comb bar and generally extends at least substantially over the entire width of the crushing roller, and may be formed in one piece or in several parts.

[0005] A drawback of known crushing devices is that even in this case, connected, stuck and / or elongated crushed material can only be crushed insufficiently, if not completely, by the crushing device. While the oblique rows of crushing tools do allow a certain degree of uniformity compared to rows extending parallel to the longitudinal direction of the roller base, this uniformity is in some cases insufficient to ensure a reliable, effective and uniform crushing of particularly stuck crushed material.

[0006] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to avoid or at least substantially reduce the above-mentioned drawbacks.

[0007] The above-mentioned problem is solved by a grinding device according to claim 1.

[0008] In carrying out the present invention, it has been found that when charging or supplying ground material via the supply means, it is not uncommon for more ground material to be charged at one location than at another. This uneven supply and charging in any case significantly contributes to the partially insufficient grinding that occurs in the prior art. The present invention assumes that the supply means is configured or the supply is controlled so that a larger amount of ground material is produced at the first end of the roller base than at the second end of the roller base. In other words, a larger amount of ground material is supplied completely intentionally to a specific location, i.e., the first end of the roller base.

[0009] With the above-mentioned intentionally non-uniform feeding approach, three alternative embodiments become possible.

[0010] In a first option according to the invention, in addition to the uneven supply, it is envisaged that immediately adjacent grinding tools in one row are arranged so that the grinding tools facing the second end are set back in the direction of rotation of the grinding roller compared to the grinding tools facing the first end.

[0011] In a second option, in addition to the uneven feeding, it is provided that adjacent comminuting tools in a row have different spacings between them, in particular in at least two pairs, preferably at least five pairs, of adjacent comminuting tools in a row, the spacing between adjacent comminuting tools is different.

[0012] In a third option according to the invention, both the first and second options are realized, complementing the uneven distribution of the grinding material.

[0013] Otherwise, in the second option according to the invention, it is self-evident that the at least three comminuting tools in one row are arranged in accordance with the arrangement according to the invention in such a way that the row has at least two different spacings between adjacent comminuting tools, preferably with the spacings between adjacent comminuting tools in one row being different from one another. Preferably, there are at least three different spacings, preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 3 to 10 different spacings.

[0014] The longitudinal direction of the roller base particularly means that it extends in the direction of its maximum longitudinal extension. In this case, the roller base may be particularly cylindrical, preferably hollow-cylindrical. The longitudinal direction of the roller base may in particular extend in the direction of the axis of rotation of the roller base and / or parallel to this axis of rotation, or may coincide with this axis of rotation and / or form the central axis of the preferably cylindrically shaped roller base.

[0015] The first option according to the invention means in particular that the crushing tool is arranged so as to recede in the direction of rotation relative to or relative to or starting from a first end of the crushing roller at which material can be charged.

[0016] It is basically known in the prior art that the comminuting tools are arranged obliquely on the surface of the roller base, but in this case, this oblique arrangement is provided in the opposite direction, i.e., in the direction of rotation, so as to advance. In a practically known embodiment, it is assumed that adjacent comminuting tools in one row are arranged such that the comminuting tools facing the first end are retracted in the direction of rotation compared to the comminuting tools facing the second end. It has now been determined based on the present invention that the operation in the prior art leads to a stronger compaction of the charge material precisely in the area where a larger amount of charge material is added, which permanently impairs the comminution result.

[0017] However, the configuration according to the invention allows for homogenization of the material from the first end of the roller base to the opposite second end, where the material is homogenized after feeding and at least partially transported towards the other end, so that an at least substantially uniform distribution of the ground material can be achieved over the length of the grinding roller in the longitudinal direction of the grinding roller.

[0018] This can at least substantially ensure improved uniform comminution over the entire length of the roller.

[0019] In the second option according to the invention, the spacing between adjacent grinding tools can also be adapted or adjusted depending on the different loads on the grinding rollers. For example, the spacing can be reduced in areas where increased grinding mass is expected. This means that the invention provides a means for shaping the spacing of a row so that improved grinding can be ensured in areas where grinding mass increases. However, in this case, the spacing is also adapted in the diagonally extending rows, which contributes to improved material homogenization. It is therefore clear that the two options according to the invention can be combined with each other in a particularly advantageous manner.

[0020] In the prior art, only equal spacing is provided between adjacent crushing tools in one row, which does not, however, take into account the actual material loading that occurs in practice, since the same amount of material to be crushed does not occur over the length of the roller base.

[0021] The present invention has recognized that different spacings between the grinding tools in the individual rows, sometimes called toothed paths, can ensure individual adaptation to various grinding tasks. In particular, this can also improve the withdrawal characteristics of the grinding material sliding past the feed means. Furthermore, the grinding material can preferably be strongly homogenized due to the different spacings. This effect is further enhanced if the first option according to the present invention is also realized.

[0022] Furthermore, in the present invention, material accumulation in the crushed material can be at least substantially avoided, since the crushing can be improved by an optimized arrangement of the crushing tools, which would otherwise cause so-called bridging in the crushing space and have a negative effect on the crushing process.

[0023] In particular, the second option according to the invention makes it possible to continuously charge the grinding device with the grinding material, which in particular makes it possible to significantly increase the throughput of the grinding material compared to the prior art.

[0024] Arranging the comminuting tools in rows particularly means that each comminuting tool may be arranged in only one row. Therefore, the present invention specifically excludes the case where one comminuting tool is arranged in several different rows. Arranging in one row also means that a "virtual" row, in particular, connects the centers of the comminuting tools to one another. In this case, this row preferably extends from the first end to the second end of the roller base body and also extends on the outer surface of the roller base body. This row may also be configured so that the virtual line connecting the center points is formed in a continuous or monotonically rising manner. Therefore, in particular, there is no "constant" section of the line connecting the center points of the rows or of the comminuting tools.

[0025] Preferably, the roller base is provided with a number of regions, preferably with substantially the same width. The width of these regions occurs in particular with respect to the length of the roller base. Thus, the roller base can be divided into a number of different regions. At least one region is provided with a greater number of comminuting tools than the other regions. This can preferably be achieved by reducing the distance between adjacent comminuting tools in the regions with a greater number of comminuting tools. Preferably, the region with a greater number of comminuting tools is located corresponding to the first end and / or at the first end of the roller base where an increase in the amount of aggregate material introduced via the feed means occurs. In other words, by increasing the number of comminuting tools in the relevant region of the roller base, it is possible to react to an increase in the amount of material introduced into the mill, thereby ensuring efficient comminution.

[0026] In particular, the roller base body is provided with at least three regions, in particular surrounding the roller base body in the circumferential direction, having substantially the same width, which regions differ from one another in the number of comminuting tools. Preferably, a first region facing the first end may be provided with more comminuting tools than the other two regions. Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that an intermediate region arranged between the first region and another region facing the second end is preferably provided with more comminuting tools than the other regions. That is, the three regions can be divided so that the first region preferably has the largest number of comminuting tools. The intermediate region may have fewer comminuting tools than the first region, but more than the other (outer) regions. The other region facing or arranged at the second end may be provided with the smallest number of comminuting tools. In this connection, it is obvious that the spacing between adjacent comminuting tools in each region may be the same or different. However, ultimately, the spacing between immediately adjacent grinding tools in the two different regions (i.e., within the connection region between the two regions) is different.

[0027] In an alternative, but equally preferred, embodiment, the roller base is provided with at least three regions surrounding the roller base in the circumferential direction, each of which may have the same width in the longitudinal direction of the roller base. The first region facing the first end preferably has the largest number of comminuting tools, or the number of comminuting tools in the first region preferably corresponds to the number of comminuting tools in the other region arranged at the second end. In particular, the middle region has fewer comminuting tools than the first region and / or fewer or the same number of comminuting tools as the other region. The other region preferably has at least two comminuting tools, which are spaced apart from at least one adjacent comminuting tool. Preferably, the density of the comminuting tools in the other region increases from the outer section facing the first end of the other region toward the second end. Thus, the end section of the other region, which may face the second end, may have a larger number of comminuting tools arranged in a row than the outer section of the other region facing the first end. In particular, the further region can be divided into several different sections, each preferably having a different width, and in this case, the spacing between adjacent comminuting tools in one row can preferably be greater in the outer sections than in the end sections. The outer sections can in particular have a width in the longitudinal direction of the roller base that is at least 50%, preferably at least 100%, in particular at least twice as large as the width of the end sections. In the end sections, in particular at least two comminuting tools can be arranged per row, and these comminuting tools can in particular form one set of teeth.

[0028] Finally, the compacted arrangement of the grinding tools in the end sections of the other regions can be achieved to precisely create a material gap during grinding, particularly allowing for the subsequent "follow-up" of the material. Finally, the transport of material not ground on the grinding roller occurs, particularly at least substantially once, from the first end to the second end of the grinding roller. To ensure efficient grinding of the material, it is necessary to grind the material, particularly that which is located at or conveyed toward the second end, in the region of the second end. Therefore, it is advantageous to homogenize the material also in the region of the second end of the grinding roller. In particular, the above-described distribution of the grinding tools in different regions of the roller base contributes to the breaking up of material bridges during grinding.

[0029] Preferably, the roller base has a length of 0.5 m to 4 m, preferably 2 m + / - 30%. At such roller base lengths the advantages of the present invention are particularly evident, since in the prior art roller bases usually have a length of 3 m, and it is particularly difficult to allow shorter lengths.

[0030] Alternatively or additionally, preferably the roller substrate has a diameter of between 0.5m and 1.2m, preferably 0.6m + / - 35%.

[0031] However, the present invention also allows the material flow supplied to the roller base to be optimized in particular for different arrangements of the crushing tools, thus making it possible to use small, compact crushing devices with short lengths.

[0032] As a result, the invention is in any case advantageous in that the corresponding arrangement of the supply means at the first end also results in an increase in the mass of material at this first end, which can be resisted by the preferably greater number of comminution tools arranged in this area, which is ensured by the different spacings according to the invention between adjacent comminution tools in a row.

[0033] Furthermore, in another preferred embodiment, it is envisaged that in a first region of the grinding roller, in particular in the first region described above, adjacent grinding tools in one row are spaced apart from each other less than adjacent grinding tools in the same row in another region facing the second end. Preferably, the first region faces the first end and / or continues to the first end. The above-described arrangement particularly relates to at least two pairs of grinding tools, one of which is arranged in the first region and the other in the other region. This embodiment is particularly possible regardless of the above-described multiple regions, since this preferred embodiment particularly relates to at least one row. It has been mentioned above that the number of grinding tools differs in different regions on the grinding roller or roller base. The preferred embodiment just described relates to the rows of the roller base, not to the circumferential surface of the roller base. However, it is clear that in this context both embodiments can preferably be combined with each other.

[0034] It is preferably provided that immediately adjacent comminuting tools in one row in the first region are equally spaced apart, and in this connection it may be provided that the outermost comminuting tools facing the other regions may have a different spacing relative to the comminuting tools in the other regions than in the first region.

[0035] Furthermore, in one alternative, particularly preferred embodiment of the inventive concept, it is envisaged that the rows are formed at least substantially identically or differently from one another.

[0036] A different arrangement of rows may occur in particular if the grinding tools of adjacent rows are staggered and / or if the rows have a different number of grinding tools in different areas. In particular, a different arrangement of rows may result in a homogenization of the material during grinding and optimized grinding properties of the grinding roller.

[0037] Alternatively or additionally, the rows are preferably arranged at equal intervals transversely to the longitudinal direction from one another, which in particular results in a symmetrical arrangement of the rows on the roller base.

[0038] Preferably, the rows are formed at least substantially identically, so that uniform comminution results can be ensured when the roller base body rotates. Forming the rows at least substantially identically is also advantageous in that, as mentioned above in the description of the prior art, the comminution tools can cooperate with the corresponding comminution tools of the comb. It turns out that an identical configuration is advantageous in this case, because the at least substantially identical configuration of the rows ensures that, for each row, a corresponding cooperation between the comminution tools and the corresponding comminution tools can be ensured.

[0039] Preferably, the rows may be arranged offset relative to one another, especially if the lateral spacing is the same, so that the comminuting tools of different immediately adjacent rows are preferably arranged offset relative to one another, at least partially, in the intermediate and / or further regions, rather than arranged immediately one after the other. In this connection, it is self-evident that the comminuting tools of immediately adjacent rows may also be arranged immediately one after the other (in the direction of rotation or transverse to the longitudinal direction of the roller base body) in the first region and / or at least partially in the intermediate region.

[0040] Furthermore, in another preferred embodiment, it is envisaged that a third region is provided between the first region and the other region. The third region may in particular correspond to the above-mentioned intermediate region, or may be another independent structure. Preferably, at least two immediately adjacent comminuting tools in one row are spaced apart from each other at a smaller distance than immediately adjacent comminuting tools in the same row in the other region. In particular, the third region has at least two comminuting tools, which may in particular be referred to as teeth, per row. The teeth of immediately adjacent rows may also be arranged offset from each other.

[0041] In particular, the third region may form only a constituent part of the intermediate region mentioned above.

[0042] Particularly preferably, a second region is provided between the first region and the third region. In particular, the intermediate region may be formed by the second region and the third region. It is preferably provided that at least one row of comminuting tools is arranged in the second region, the comminuting tools being spaced apart from immediately adjacent comminuting tools of the same row in the first region and / or the third region by a distance greater than the distance between immediately adjacent comminuting tools in the first region and / or the third region.

[0043] The above-mentioned four-zone configuration allows efficient grinding to be ensured even with a relatively short roller base length, whereby the first zone ensures improved withdrawal of the grinding material or material sliding from the supply means.

[0044] Particularly preferably, the feed means is configured as a flap hopper, so that its combination with the first area is particularly efficient, since, due to the geometry of the hopper, the material to be ground is set in motion, preferably at least substantially rotated, and thus drawn into the first area in an at least substantially spiral manner and ground.

[0045] Alternatively or additionally, the supply means may be configured as and / or comprise a conveyor belt and / or a chute.

[0046] The inventive arrangement of the comminuting tools can provide an enhanced homogenizing effect, which in particular can also prevent material bridge formation.

[0047] The above-mentioned third zone has the particular advantage that, when material is supplied via the supply means, an increased amount of collected material is assumed in this zone compared to the second zone and / or other zones.

[0048] In particular, the third region may be formed to be the same size as or larger than the second region. In particular, the width of the third region is at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, greater than the width of the second region. As mentioned above, both the second region and the third region may have the same width as the first region and / or another region. The other region may also be referred to as the fourth region. In the present invention, it has been recognized that during grinding, an increase in aggregate material occurs in the first region and the third region, and the increased aggregate material can be captured in a proper order by correspondingly more densely or more closely packed grinding tools. In other words, the material can be efficiently ground in the third region as well, and material homogenization can be achieved. In particular, the material can be ground compactly at this location.

[0049] In one further preferred embodiment, it is envisaged that the spacing between adjacent comminution tools in one row is made at least 100%, preferably at least 200%, more preferably 300% to 1000%, in particular 400% to 500% greater in another region than the spacing between adjacent comminution tools in the same row in the first and / or third region.

[0050] It is preferably envisaged that the spacing between adjacent comminution tools in one row may be made at least twice, preferably at least three times, in particular at least four times larger in another region than the spacing between adjacent comminution tools in the same row in the first and / or third region.

[0051] The invention recognizes that with spacings of the above-mentioned type, particularly efficient grinding can be ensured, especially even with grinding objects that catch on one another.

[0052] Preferably, a drive unit is provided for driving the grinding roller. It is understood that the present invention may also include a plurality of drive units. In particular, the drive unit is arranged at the first end of the roller base and is used to drive the first end of the roller base.

[0053] Furthermore, in another preferred embodiment, it is envisaged that a support frame is provided for holding and supporting the grinding roller and preferably the drive. The support frame can be arranged in particular at the base and is ultimately used to support and support the grinding roller. Furthermore, it is preferred that the grinding roller is supported on both sides and / or at least on one side, in particular at least indirectly, by the support frame. Support on both sides allows for a secure positioning of the grinding roller, in particular even under high loads, which can preferably prevent damage to the machine.

[0054] More particularly preferably, a wall of the base is disposed at each of the first and second ends for mounting and supporting the respective ends. Thus, a mounting wall of the base may be disposed at the first end, which may be referred to as a motor mounting wall. A mounting wall may also be disposed at the second end, which may be referred to as a rear mounting wall. The supply means may be disposed in particular on the motor mounting wall, and may be rigidly connected to the motor mounting wall.

[0055] Preferably, the crushing device has a comb with a corresponding tool and a comb flap, which is preferably pivotally supported on the machine frame. The cooperation between the corresponding tool and the crushing tool arranged on the roller base results in particular in the crushing device according to the invention, which crushes the material to be crushed.

[0056] In another preferred embodiment of the concept of the present invention, the comminuting tools extend only over a portion of the circumferential surface of the roller base, in particular over at least 0.1% to 90%, preferably 0.5% to 70%, and even more preferably 1% to 20% of the circumferential surface of the roller base. Preferably, the comminuting tools do not therefore surround the roller base, but rather only protrude in one area or only partially relative to the roller base. This configuration of the comminuting tools allows them to be formed into teeth. Furthermore, it is possible to provide and arrange the comminuting tools on the roller base independently of one another, thereby ensuring the above-described inventive arrangement of the comminuting tools on the roller base. Finally, the comminuting tools can be formed and arranged on the roller base individually and adapted to the respective comminution task or feed.

[0057] Preferably, the comminuting tool has an outer upper edge surface that is inclined and / or descending relative to a support surface arranged on the roller base, preferably at least substantially in the form of a circular arc segment, and that is located in particular opposite the support surface. The outer upper edge surface may in particular be configured to descend, so that the part of the comminuting tool that is furthest from the roller base is oriented in a cutting direction that may extend in the direction of rotation of the roller base, and in this case, due to the descending configuration of the outer upper edge surface, in particular defined by the side surface of the comminuting tool, the distance of the outer upper edge surface from the roller base preferably decreases monotonically, in particular strictly monotonically, in the direction opposite to the cutting direction. This shape of the comminuting tool ensures minimal wear on the comminuting tool and allows in particular efficient comminution of the charge.

[0058] Particularly preferably, the comminuting tool has an at least substantially triangular shape in cross section. It is understood that a triangular shape in this context also means that the sides or side edges of the triangle are preferably formed at least substantially like arcuate segments. The shortest side of the triangle is preferably oriented in the cutting direction, while the longer sides may be part of the support surface and the outer upper edge surface, in particular, arranged on the roller base body. It is understood that an at least substantially triangular cross-sectional shape in this context also means a shape that may have at least one recess, in particular for arranging a connecting means, in particular on the outer upper edge surface. A comminuting tool formed in this way may be particularly compact and may initially strike the material to be comminuted, in particular with its convex portion.

[0059] Preferably, the comminuting tool is formed from at least two parts. In this case, the comminuting tool may have a tooth body provided on the outer circumferential surface of the comminuting roller or roller base body and a cutter connected to the tooth body in a positive and / or force-locking manner. The two-part formation is advantageous in that it allows for easy replacement of the cutter, especially due to wear that occurs, without the need to replace the entire comminuting tool. The cutter may be connected to the tooth body in an exchangeable or removable manner. The tooth body may be fixedly arranged on the roller base body, in particular connected to the roller base in a force-locking and / or force-locking manner, preferably by welding.

[0060] In particular, the comminuting tool and / or the tooth body can be fixed to the roller base. The cutter can be oriented in the cutting direction. In particular, the cutter and the tooth body can be removably connected and / or fixed to one another via a connecting means. This allows for easy replacement of the cutter when it wears out, rather than necessarily replacing the entire comminuting tool. The cutter can therefore be configured as a wear element.

[0061] Preferably, the cutter is supported on the tooth body, which may therefore be configured as a support. At least one form-locking feature, preferably at least two form-locking features, may be provided for connecting the cutter to the tooth body. In particular, at least one form-locking feature may be configured as a groove-and-key connection.

[0062] The present invention also relates to a grinding roller that can be used in particular in a grinding device of the above-mentioned type. The grinding roller is provided for grinding material. In this case, the grinding roller may have a roller base that can rotate about a rotation axis. The roller base is provided with grinding tools, in particular teeth, that are preferably spaced apart from one another and extending in the longitudinal direction of the roller base, and that are arranged in a plurality of rows that extend obliquely relative to the longitudinal direction of the roller base. In this case, the present invention provides that adjacent grinding tools in one row are spaced apart from one another at different intervals.

[0063] The grinding roller according to the invention likewise enables the advantages mentioned above in connection with the grinding device according to the invention. Therefore, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition or explanation, reference is made to the above-mentioned statements which also apply to the grinding roller. It should be particularly pointed out that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments of the grinding device can also be used for the grinding roller according to the invention without the need for a separate explicit explanation.

[0064] It is further expressly pointed out that all of the intervals mentioned above and below also include all intermediate intervals and individual values ​​contained within these intervals, which are considered to be significant to the present invention even if these intermediate intervals or individual values ​​are not specifically set forth individually.

[0065] Further features, advantages and possibilities of application of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments based on the drawings and from the drawings themselves, in which all the features described and / or shown, either by themselves or in any combination, form the subject of the invention, regardless of whether they are summarized in the claims or referred to in the claims. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0066] [Figure 1] 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic diagram of a crushing device according to the present invention; [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically illustrating detail A of FIG. 1. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a side view schematically showing the crushing device shown in FIG. [Figure 4] 1 is a side view showing a schematic diagram of a crushing device according to the present invention; [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a perspective view schematically showing the crushing roller shown in FIG. 4. [Figure 6] 10 is a side view schematically illustrating one alternative embodiment of a crushing roller according to the present invention. FIG. [Figure 7] 10 is a side view schematically illustrating one alternative embodiment of a crushing roller according to the present invention. FIG. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a perspective view schematically showing the crushing roller shown in FIG. 7.

[0067] FIG. 1 shows a crushing device 1 for crushing a material to be crushed (not shown in detail). The material to be crushed may be any of a variety of materials that arise in the fields of recycling or waste disposal. The crushing device 1 has a crushing roller 2. Different embodiments of the crushing roller 2 according to the invention are shown in FIGS. 4 to 8.

[0068] The grinding roller 2 has a roller base 3. Both the grinding roller 2 and the roller base 3 are rotatable about their respective, in particular coincident, rotation axes 4. In the example shown in Figure 1, it is assumed that the grinding device 1 has only one grinding roller 2. In other embodiments, several grinding rollers 2 may be provided, but these are not shown in detail here.

[0069] 1 further shows that the grinding device 1 has a feed means 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the feed means 5 is configured as a feed hopper or in the form of a funnel. The feed means 5 ultimately serves to assist in the feeding of the grinding material to the grinding rollers 2.

[0070] 1 further shows that the outer surface 6 of the roller base 3 is provided with a plurality of comminuting tools 8 arranged in a plurality of rows 7 which are spaced apart from one another and extend obliquely relative to the longitudinal direction L of the roller base 3. In this case, the crushing roller 2 shown in FIG. 7 has exclusively rows 7 which contain comminuting tools 8. In this case, each comminuting tool 8 is arranged in exactly one row 7. Furthermore, the rows 7 are identical to one another and are positioned or arranged in such a way that they extend symmetrically in the circumferential direction of the roller base 3, in particular.

[0071] The comminuting tool 8 may be formed as teeth.

[0072] Furthermore, the comminuting tools 8 may be connected to the roller base body 3 or to the outer surface 6 in a form-locking or material-locking manner. As shown in FIG. 5, the comminuting tools 8 are each surrounded by a protective element 9. In this case, the protective element 9 may be configured as a wear protection for the roller base body 3 and may be connected to the roller base body 3 in a material-locking manner, in particular by welding. Preferably, the protective element 9 is configured as a wear protection plate. The protective element 9 may have a recess in which the comminuting tools 8 are arranged.

[0073] A plurality of crushing tools 8 may be arranged on one protective member 9.

[0074] 1 shows that the supply means 5 is configured in such a way that a larger amount of grinding material is produced at the first end 10 of the roller base 3 than at the second end 11 of the roller base 3. It is self-evident that the ends 10, 11 particularly refer to the end faces of the roller base 3. In this case, the longitudinal direction L of the roller base 3 extends in the direction of the maximum longitudinal extension of the roller base 3 and is also oriented in particular in the direction of the rotation axis 4 of the roller base 3.

[0075] In this case, the first end 10 and the second end 11 are located on opposite sides of the longitudinal direction L. In particular, the crushing roller 2 may be supported at both the first end 10 and the second end 11.

[0076] 1 shows a schematic representation of the first end 10 of the grinding roller 2, which is supported in particular. The supply of grinding material is not shown in detail. However, as can be seen from FIG. 1, the correspondingly arranged first end 10 facing the supply means 5 is provided with more grinding material for grinding during operation of the grinding device 1 than the opposite second end 11. In particular, the loading of grinding material is not uniform over the entire length of the grinding roller 2, but is increased at the first end 10, or more aggregate material is provided at the first end 10.

[0077] 4 and 5 show a configuration of the grinding roller 2 that can also be used in an apparatus 1 corresponding to that shown in FIG. 1, but which differs from the configuration shown in FIG. 1. In both embodiments, however, immediately adjacent grinding tools 8 in one row 7 are arranged such that the grinding tools 8 facing the second end 11 are set back in the direction of rotation, as indicated diagrammatically by the arrows in FIG. 4, compared to the grinding tools 8 facing the first end 10. The direction of rotation occurs during operation of the grinding device 1. A corresponding setback also achieves an arrangement of the grinding tools 8 set back relative to the direction of rotation. This is also shown diagrammatically in FIG. 6 as well as in FIGS. 7 and 8.

[0078] In the embodiment shown in Figures 4 and 5, it is assumed that the spacing 12 between immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 in one row 7 is at least substantially constant.

[0079] 4 and 5, it is further assumed that the rows 7 are at least substantially identically configured and preferably have a constant lateral spacing from one another. However, the rows 7 may also be offset from one another. Thus, it may be assumed that a comminution tool 8 of a first row 7 is not immediately (in the direction of rotation) placed next to another comminution tool 8 of another row 7 immediately adjacent to the first row. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the offset between the comminution tools 8 of adjacent rows 7 is, for example, 360° divided by the number n of rows 7. Such an offset may also be particularly advantageous in terms of the comminution result in the case of rows 7 that are differently configured.

[0080] In the preferred embodiment shown in Figures 7 and 8, it is assumed that different spacings 12 are provided between adjacent comminution tools 8 in one row 7. In the case of different spacings 12, it is also assumed that a plurality of the same spacings 12 are provided in one row 7, provided that at least two pairs of comminution tools 8 in one row 7 are arranged such that their spacings 12 are different from each other.

[0081] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, both the corresponding setback in the rotational direction and the realization of different spacings 12 as described above are realized.

[0082] Preferably, the above-described arrangement of the crushing tools 8 applies to each row 7. In this case, one crushing tool 8 may be arranged corresponding to only one row 7, rather than to multiple rows 7.

[0083] 5 shows that each row 7 is formed as a linear straight line—i.e., in the corresponding 2D projection—i.e., in the final corresponding unfolding from the drum. In particular, the rows 7 rise at least substantially strictly monotonically in the longitudinal direction L.

[0084] 6 shows that the roller base 3 is provided with a number of regions 13, 14 and 15. These regions 13-15 extend over the entire circumference of the roller base 3. In this case, FIG. 6 shows that the first region 13 is provided with more comminuting tools 8 than the other one of the regions, i.e., both the intermediate region 14 and the further region 15. The further region 15 may in particular be arranged at the second end 11.

[0085] Furthermore, the regions 13, 14, and 15 are provided with the same width 16 in the longitudinal direction L in the embodiment shown in Figure 6. In this case, the regions 13, 14, and 15 differ from each other in that they each have a different number of comminuting tools 8. The first region 13 facing the first end 10 may be provided with more comminuting tools 8 than the other two regions 14, 15, and in this case, the first region 13 and the intermediate region 14 arranged between the first region 13 and another region 15 facing the second end are provided with more comminuting tools 8 than the other regions 15.

[0086] 7 and 8 further show that in a first region 13 facing and / or connected to the first end 10, immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 of one row 7 have a smaller spacing 12 from each other than immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 of the same row 7 in another region 15. In this case, it is self-evident that the spacing 12 between at least substantially immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 in the first region 13 may be constant.

[0087] FIG. 6 further shows that different rows 7 within the first region 13 may have different numbers of grinding tools 8 with at least substantially constant spacing 12, provided that in this case the spacing between the outermost grinding tool 8 facing the second end 11 in the two rows 7 and the immediately adjacent grinding tool 8 in the subsequent intermediate region 14 is at least substantially the same.

[0088] In one embodiment (not shown), it is envisaged that the roller base 3 is provided with at least three regions 13, 14 and 15 surrounding the roller base 3 in the circumferential direction, and that these regions 13, 14 and 15 may each have the same width 16 in the longitudinal direction L of the roller base 3. The first region 13 facing the first end 10 has the greatest number of comminuting tools 8, or the number of comminuting tools 8 in the first region 13 preferably corresponds to the number of comminuting tools 8 in the further region 15 arranged at the second end 11. The intermediate region 14 has fewer comminuting tools 8 than the first region 13 and / or has fewer or the same number of comminuting tools 8 as the further region 15. The further region 15 may have comminuting tools 8 with different spacings 12 from each immediately adjacent comminuting tool 8 of the same row 7. Preferably, the density of the comminuting tools 8 in the further region 15 increases starting from the outer section facing the first end 10 of the further region 15 towards the second end 11. Thus, in the end section of the further region 15, which may face the second end 11, a larger number of comminuting tools 8 may be arranged in one row 7 than in the outer section of the further region 15 facing the first end 10. The width of the outer section and the width of the end section may differ from each other, in particular in this case the outer section has a width that exceeds the width of the end section by at least 100%, in particular in the longitudinal direction L of the roller base body 3. Furthermore, the spacing 12 between immediately adjacent comminuting tools 8 in one row 7 may be greater in the outer section than in the end section. In particular, at least two comminuting tools 8 may be arranged in each row 7 in the end section, which may in particular form one set of teeth.

[0089] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the rows 7 are spaced at least substantially equally apart from one another transversely to the longitudinal direction L.

[0090] 6 further shows that the intermediate region 14 may have a third region 17, in which at least two immediately adjacent comminuting tools 8 of one row 7 may have a smaller spacing 12 from each other than from immediately adjacent comminuting tools 8 of the same row 7 in another region 15. In particular, at least two comminuting tools 8 per row 7 may be arranged in the third region 17, which may ultimately form a set of teeth.

[0091] 6 further shows that the teeth of different rows 7 arranged one after the other in the direction of rotation are offset relative to one another in the longitudinal direction L. In this case too, it can be assumed that the outer comminuting tools 8 of the third region 17 facing the other region 15 are equally spaced from the immediately adjacent comminuting tools 8 of the other region 15 in each row 7. Furthermore, in this case, if the comminuting tools 8 are at least substantially equally spaced in the other region 15, the outermost comminuting tools 8 facing the second end 11 are respectively spaced differently from the end faces of the second end 11 in different rows 7.

[0092] As shown in FIG. 6, the spacing 12 between adjacent grinding tools 8 in one row 7 is formed in another region 15 to be at least twice, in particular four to six times, larger than the spacing 12 between adjacent grinding tools 8 in the same row 7 in the first region 13 and / or the third region 17.

[0093] FIG. 6 further shows that the intermediate region 14 includes a second region 18. The second region 18 may be arranged between the third region 17 and the first region 13. In this case, the second region 18 may have a smaller width than the third region 17. In particular, the width of the second region in the longitudinal direction L is at least 30%, in particular at least 50%, smaller than the width of the third region 17. As FIG. 6 further shows, the comminuting tools 8 of one row 7 arranged in the second region 18 are arranged such that there is one comminuting tool 8 per row 7 in the second region 18. In this case, the distance 12 between the comminuting tool 8 arranged in the second region 18 and the immediately adjacent comminuting tool 8 of the same row 7 in the first and / or third region 13, 17 is greater than the distance 12 between the immediately adjacent comminuting tools 8 in the first region 13 and / or third region 17.

[0094] 6 further shows that the rows 7 can be arranged offset relative to one another. This offset results in, in particular in the intermediate region 14, that at least partially within the intermediate region 14, a comminuting tool 8 of a first row 7 is not immediately behind another comminuting tool 8 of an adjacent row 7. This applies in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 to all comminuting tools 8 of the further region 15 and / or the second region 18 and partially to the third region 17.

[0095] Basically, in another embodiment, it may be assumed that the rows 7 are each formed with the same configuration.

[0096] 5 shows, diagrammatically, that the comminuting tool 8 is formed from at least two parts. In this case, the comminuting tool 8 can be connected to the outer surface 6 or the circumferential surface of the comminuting roller 2 in a form-locking and / or force-locking manner. In particular, the comminuting tool 8 has a tooth body 19 arranged directly on the outer surface 6 of the roller base body 3. The comminuting tool 8 can further have a cutter 20 that can be connected to the tooth body 19 in a form-locking and / or force-locking manner. The cutter 20 is oriented in the direction of rotation so that this component of the comminuting tool 8 is the first, or "first," to come into contact with the material to be comminuted during comminution.

[0097] The cutter 20 can be connected to the tooth body 19 via at least one positive locking feature, in particular in this case the at least one positive locking feature can be configured as a groove-and-key connection. Alternatively or additionally, a connecting means 29 can be provided for connecting the cutter 20 to the tooth body 19, which connecting means 29 connects the cutter 20 to the tooth body 19 in particular in a force-locking manner.

[0098] 1, a base 21 is provided to hold and support the crushing roller 2. The base 21 may also be used to support a drive device (not shown in detail) that drives the crushing roller 2.

[0099] 6 shows, in a schematic manner, that one wall 22 and one wall 23 are arranged at each of the first end 10 and the second end 11. The wall 22 facing the first end 10 may also be called the motor (installation) wall, since a drive device may be arranged at the first end 10. The wall 23 arranged at the second end 11 may also be called the rear (installation) wall.

[0100] 1 further shows that the comminuting device 1 has a comb 25 with a plurality of corresponding tools 24. The comb 25 may be supported on a platform 21, sometimes referred to as a machine frame. The comb 25 may also have a comb flap 26 pivotably arranged on the platform 21.

[0101] To break up the material, the crushing tools 8 can cooperate with corresponding tools 24. In particular, gaps are provided between immediately adjacent corresponding tools 24, and these gaps are formed to match or correspond to the shape of the crushing tools 8 that pass through each gap.

[0102] 5 shows that one or more (all) of the crushing tools 8 extend only over a portion of the circumferential surface of the roller base 3, in particular over at least 0.1% to 90%, preferably 1% to 20%, of the circumferential surface of the roller base 3. In other words, multiple crushing tools 8 can be provided independently of one another and distributed over the outer surface of the roller base 3.

[0103] As can be seen more clearly in Figure 5, in the preferred embodiment shown, the comminuting tool 8 has an outer upper edge surface 28, preferably at least substantially in the form of a circular arc segment, which is inclined and / or descending relative to a support surface 27 arranged on the roller base 3, and which is located in particular opposite the support surface 27. The descending outer upper edge surface 28 may in particular be configured to descend monotonically and may be used to reduce the distance between the outer upper edge surface 28 and the roller base 3 in the direction opposite to the cutting direction S, so that the area of ​​the comminuting tool 8 which occupies the largest volume of the comminuting tool 8 first strikes the charge.

[0104] 8 shows that the comminuting tool 8 has, in cross section, an at least substantially triangular shape, preferably with edges that are at least substantially in the shape of a circular arc section. The triangular configuration also means that the outer upper edge surface 28 has a recess, as shown in FIG. 8, in particular for arranging the connecting means 29.

[0105] As mentioned above, the supply means 5 may be configured as a hopper, in particular a flap hopper. Alternatively or additionally, the supply means 5 may be configured as a conveyor belt and / or a chute. [Explanation of symbols]

[0106] 1. Crushing equipment 2 Crushing roller 3 Roller base 4 Rotation axis 5 Supply means 6.3 exterior 7 columns 8 Crushing Tools 9 Protective materials 10 first end 11 Second end 12 intervals 13 First Area 14 Intermediate area 15 Another Realm 16 width 17 The Third Region 18 The Second Region 19 Tooth body 20 cutters 21 Mounting stand 22 Wall 23 Wall 24 Corresponding comb part 25 Comb part 26 Comb flap 27 Support surface 28 Upper outer edge surface 29 Coupling means L Longitudinal direction S cutting direction

Claims

1. A crushing device (1) for crushing a material to be crushed, comprising at least one crushing roller (2) having a roller base (3) rotatable about a rotation axis (4), and a supply means (5) for supplying the material to the crushing roller (2), wherein the roller base (3) is provided with crushing tools (8) arranged in a plurality of rows (7) spaced apart from one another and extending in the longitudinal direction (L) of the roller base (3) and extending obliquely on the roller base (3) with respect to the longitudinal direction (L); In a crushing device (1), the supply means (5) is configured so that a larger amount of crushed material is produced at a first end (10) of the roller base (3) than at a second end (11) of the roller base (3), the spacings (12) between adjacent comminution tools (8) in one row (7) are different; The roller base (3) is provided with a plurality of regions (13, 14, 15) having substantially the same width (16), at least one region (13) being provided with a greater number of crushing tools (8) than one of the other regions (15); The roller base (3) is provided with at least three regions (13, 14, 15) having substantially the same width (16), and these regions (13, 14, 15) have different numbers of crushing tools (8), such that the first region (13) facing the first end (10) is provided with more crushing tools (8) than the other two regions (14, 15), and the intermediate region (14) located between the first region (13) and another region (15) facing the second end (11) is provided with more crushing tools (8) than the other region (15). A crushing device (1) characterized in that:

2. 2. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein immediately adjacent crushing tools (8) in one row (7) are arranged such that the crushing tools (8) facing the second end (11) are set back in the direction of rotation compared to the crushing tools (8) facing the first end (10).

3. A crushing device as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the first region (13) of the crushing roller (2), immediately adjacent crushing tools (8) in one row (7) have a smaller spacing (12) from each other than immediately adjacent crushing tools (8) in the same row (7) in another region (15) facing the second end (11).

4. 3. Comminution device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein immediately adjacent comminution tools (8) of one row (7) in the first region (13) are equally spaced apart.

5. 3. The comminution device according to claim 1, wherein the rows (7) are identically configured and / or the rows (7) are equally spaced apart transversely to the longitudinal direction (L).

6. 3. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein a third region (17) is provided between the first region (13) and the further region (15), and in the third region (17) at least two immediately adjacent crushing tools (8) of one row (7) have a smaller distance (12) from each other than the distance between immediately adjacent crushing tools (8) of the same row (7) in the further region (15).

7. 7. The crushing device according to claim 6, wherein a second area (18) is provided between the first area (13) and the third area (17), and the second area (18) is provided with at least one crushing tool (8) of one row (7), the crushing tool (8) being spaced apart from immediately adjacent crushing tools (8) of the same row (7) in the first area (13) and / or the third area (17) by a distance (12) that is greater than the distance (12) between immediately adjacent crushing tools (8) in the first area (13) and / or the third area (17).

8. 7. The comminution device according to claim 6, wherein the spacing (12) between immediately adjacent comminution tools (8) of one row (7) is formed in another region (15) at least twice as large as the spacing (12) between immediately adjacent comminution tools (8) of the same row (7) in the first region (13) and / or the third region (17).

9. 3. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the crushing tool (8) is formed from at least two parts and comprises a tooth body (19) provided on the outer circumferential surface of the crushing roller (2) and a cutter (20) connected to the tooth body (19) in a positive-locking and / or force-locking manner.

10. 3. The crushing device according to claim 1, further comprising a support (21) for holding and supporting the crushing roller (2).

11. 3. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the crushing roller (2) is supported on both sides and / or at least on one side by the first end (10) and / or the second end (11).

12. 11. The crushing device according to claim 10, wherein walls (22, 23) of a frame (21) are disposed at the first end (10) and the second end (11) respectively for mounting and supporting each end (10, 11).

13. 11. The crushing device (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the crushing device (1) comprises a comb (25) with a corresponding tool.

14. 3. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the crushing tool (8) extends only over a portion of the circumferential surface of the roller base (3).

15. the crushing tool (8) has an outer upper edge surface (28) that is inclined and / or descending relative to a support surface (27) arranged on the roller base (3), and / or The crushing tool has, in cross section, an at least substantially triangular shape with an edge, 3. The crushing device according to claim 1 or 2.

16. 3. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the supply means (5) is configured as a hopper, a conveyor belt and / or a chute.

17. A grinding roller (2) for a grinding device (1) for grinding materials, comprising a roller base (3) rotatable about a rotation axis (4), and grinding tools (8) arranged on the roller base (3) in a plurality of rows (7) spaced apart from one another and extending in a longitudinal direction (L) on the roller base (3) and extending obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction (L) of the roller base (3), adjacent comminution tools (8) in one row (7) are spaced apart by different spacings (12); The roller base (3) is provided with a plurality of regions (13, 14, 15) having substantially the same width (16), and at least one region (13) is provided with a greater number of crushing tools (8) than any other region (15); The roller base (3) is provided with at least three regions (13, 14, 15) having substantially the same width (16), and these regions (13, 14, 15) have different numbers of crushing tools (8), such that a first region (13) facing a first end (10) of the roller base (3) is provided with more crushing tools (8) than the other two regions (14, 15), and an intermediate region (14) arranged between the first region (13) and another region (15) facing a second end (11) of the roller base (3) is provided with more crushing tools (8) than the other region (15). A crushing roller (2).

Images