Sealing material, structure, and method for manufacturing the structure

Abstract

To provide a sealant capable of keeping a structure in a stable state for a long time by heightening waterproofness of a sealed place and its surrounding area.SOLUTION: A sealant pertaining to the present invention includes: a resin; and an ion-emitting compound capable of emitting a cation or an anion, where the ion-emitting compound can generate a water-insoluble salt, the specific gravity of the water-insoluble salt is 2.0 or more, and the solubility of the water-insoluble salt to water at 20°C is 1.0×10-3 mol / L or less.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention relates to a sealing material that can be used in structures. Furthermore, this invention relates to a structure using the above-mentioned sealing material. [Background technology]

[0002] In structures such as buildings, tunnels, and subways, sealants are sometimes used to improve waterproofing in cracks and gaps (intervals) between structural members. Examples of such sealants include silicone-based sealants, urethane-based sealants, and acrylic-based sealants.

[0003] Patent Document 1 below discloses a polyurethane resin composition for sealing that comprises a castor oil-based polyol, a plasticizer, an amine catalyst, a foam stabilizer, and an organic polyisocyanate, but does not contain polyoxypropylene glycol.

[0004] Patent Document 2 discloses a composite sheet comprising a plurality of waterproof sheets and a repair sheet disposed between the waterproof sheets. In this composite sheet, the repair sheet contains a binder resin and a water-absorbing polymer, and the content of the water-absorbing polymer is within a specific range relative to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin. Patent Document 2 describes that if a hole forms in the waterproof sheet and water leaks, the repair sheet will seal and repair the hole. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] WO2015 / 147125A1 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2005-066461 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0006] When conventional sealing materials, such as those described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, are used to seal gaps (intervals) in a structure, it is possible to prevent water leakage at the sealed area (enhance waterproofing) for a certain period of time after sealing.

[0007] However, with conventional sealants, the resin component gradually deteriorates, which can lead to delamination at the interface between the sealant and the structure. Furthermore, seasonal variations, repeated vibrations, and expansion and contraction can also cause delamination at the interface between the sealant and the structure. Therefore, with conventional sealants, if new cracks or microscopic voids develop in the surrounding structure or ground due to external stresses or changes in environmental conditions after sealing, water leakage will occur, requiring repair.

[0008] Conventionally, no method has been known for self-healing or strengthening existing structures and their surroundings over a long period of time.

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide a sealing material that enhances the waterproofing of the sealed area and its surroundings, and that can maintain the structure in a stable state over a long period of time. Another object of the present invention is to provide a structure that uses the above sealing material. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] According to a broader aspect of the present invention, the present invention comprises a resin and an ion-releasing compound capable of releasing cations or anions, wherein the ion-releasing compound is capable of producing a poorly water-soluble salt, the specific gravity of the poorly water-soluble salt is 2.0 or higher, and the solubility of the poorly water-soluble salt in water at 20°C is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. -3 A sealant with a concentration of mol / L or less is provided.

[0011] In certain aspects of the sealing material according to the present invention, the poorly water-soluble salt is calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, calcium phosphate, or iron hydroxide.

[0012] In a particular aspect of the sealing material according to the present invention, the ion-releasing compound includes a compound capable of releasing cations, wherein the compound capable of releasing cations is calcium silicate, tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, calcium aluminate, calcium aluminoferrite, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium acetate, calcium lactate, barium lactate, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, or calcium bicarbonate.

[0013] In a particular aspect of the sealing material according to the present invention, the ion-releasing compound includes a compound capable of releasing anions, and the compound capable of releasing anions is sodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or calcium bicarbonate.

[0014] In a particular aspect of the sealing material according to the present invention, the resin includes a thermoplastic resin.

[0015] In a particular aspect of the sealing material according to the present invention, the resin includes a curable resin.

[0016] In a broader sense, the present invention provides a structure comprising an object to be sealed having a portion to be sealed, and a sealing object disposed on the portion to be sealed, wherein the sealing object is formed of the sealing material described above. [Effects of the Invention]

[0017] The sealing material according to the present invention comprises a resin and an ion-releasing compound capable of releasing cations or anions. In the sealing material according to the present invention, the ion-releasing compound is capable of generating a poorly water-soluble salt. In the sealing material according to the present invention, the specific gravity of the poorly water-soluble salt is 2.0 or higher, and the solubility of the poorly water-soluble salt in water at 20°C is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. -3It is below mol / L. In the sealing material according to the present invention, since the above configuration is provided, the waterproof property of the sealed portion and its surroundings can be enhanced, and the structure can be maintained in a stable state for a long time.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0018] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of a method for manufacturing a structure using the sealing material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0019] Hereinafter, the details of the present invention will be described.

[0020] (Sealing Material) The sealing material according to the present invention contains a resin and an ion-releasing compound capable of releasing cations or anions (hereinafter, may be referred to as "ion-releasing compound"). In the sealing material according to the present invention, the ion-releasing compound can form a hardly water-soluble salt. In the sealing material according to the present invention, the specific gravity of the hardly water-soluble salt is 2.0 or more, and the solubility of the hardly water-soluble salt in water at 20 °C is 1.0×10 -3 mol / L or less. The sealing material according to the present invention is a sealing material for forming a hardly water-soluble salt.

[0021] In the sealing material according to the present invention, since the above configuration is provided, the waterproof property of the sealed portion and its surroundings can be enhanced, and the structure can be maintained in a stable state for a long time. More specifically, in a state where the sealing material is disposed on the sealing target portion of the sealing target object, the ion-releasing compound in the sealing material releases ions, thereby generating a hardly water-soluble salt and forming a concretion. As a result, the sealed portion and its surroundings are densified, and water leakage can be effectively prevented (waterproof property is enhanced), and the structure can be maintained in a stable state for a long time (durability is enhanced). The present invention contributes to preventive maintenance of structures. The present invention contributes to preventive maintenance of both newly constructed structures and existing structures.

[0022] In the sealing material according to the present invention, when the sealing material comes into contact with moisture adhering to the ground or structure at the sealed area, the ion-releasing compound in the sealing material releases ions, thereby generating poorly water-soluble salts at the contact surface between the moisture and the sealing material. In other words, the sealing material according to the present invention can generate a layer of poorly water-soluble salts on the surface of the sealing material. The generated poorly water-soluble salts further enhance the strength of the sealed area and its surroundings. It is generally believed that these poorly water-soluble salts are generated over a period of several months to several years. Furthermore, the generated poorly water-soluble salts effectively suppress further contact between the sealing material and moisture, thereby effectively suppressing deterioration of the sealing material and the structure. If the resin in the sealing material contains a curable resin, the generated poorly water-soluble salts can effectively suppress deterioration of the sealing material after the curing reaction of the curable resin, thereby effectively suppressing deterioration of the cured sealant (sealant). Furthermore, if the resin in the sealant contains a thermoplastic resin, the poorly water-soluble salts generated can effectively suppress the deterioration of the sealant after molding, thereby effectively suppressing the deterioration of the molded sealant (sealant product).

[0023] In the above-mentioned sealing material, the specific gravity of the poorly water-soluble salt is 2.0 or higher. From the viewpoint of further improving durability against external stress, the specific gravity of the poorly water-soluble salt is preferably 2.1 or higher, more preferably 2.2 or higher, even more preferably 2.5 or higher, preferably 5.0 or lower, more preferably 4.5 or lower, and even more preferably 3.5 or lower.

[0024] The specific gravity of the above-mentioned poorly water-soluble salts can be measured by the immersion method using an electronic balance precision hydrometer. Examples of such electronic balance precision hydrometers include the "Electronic Hydrometer EDM2103" manufactured by AS ONE Corporation.

[0025] In the above sealing material, the solubility of the above poorly water-soluble salt in water at 20°C is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. -3It is below mol / L. From the perspective of further enhancing the waterproof property of the sealed part and its surroundings, the solubility of the above-mentioned sparingly water-soluble salt in water at 20 °C is preferably 8.0×10 -4 mol / L or less, more preferably 5.0×10 -4 mol / L or less, still more preferably 2.0×10 -4 mol / L or less. The lower limit of the solubility of the above-mentioned sparingly water-soluble salt in water at 20 °C is not particularly limited. The solubility of the above-mentioned sparingly water-soluble salt in water at 20 °C may be 1.0×10 -10 mol / L or more, and may also be 1.0×10 -9 mol / L or more.

[0026] The solubility of the above-mentioned sparingly water-soluble salt in water at 20 °C can be measured by the following method. To 100 g of pure water, 10 g of the sparingly water-soluble salt is added and stirred at 20 °C for 10 minutes. Then, 10 g of the solution part is taken into an evaporating dish and the water is completely removed at 100 °C. The solubility of the above-mentioned sparingly water-soluble salt in water at 20 °C is calculated from the weight of the sparingly water-soluble salt remaining on the evaporating dish.

[0027] The viscosity (η23) of the above-mentioned sealing material at 23 °C is preferably 500 mPa·s or more, more preferably 10000 mPa·s or more, preferably 2000000 mPa·s or less, and more preferably 1000000 mPa·s or less. When the above viscosity (η23) is above the above lower limit and below the above upper limit, the sealing material can be easily filled (injected), and the workability can be improved. Incidentally, the above viscosity (η23) can be appropriately adjusted according to the types and blending amounts of the blending components.

[0028] The above viscosity (η23) can be measured, for example, using a B-type viscometer (「VISCOSTAR」 manufactured by FUNGILAB) under the conditions of 23 °C and 20 rpm.

[0029] Furthermore, the sealing material according to the present invention can be used whether the area to be sealed is dry or wet. Moreover, the sealing material according to the present invention can be used even if water is leaking from the area to be sealed. For this reason, the sealing material according to the present invention can protect structures for various purposes.

[0030] The above-mentioned structure is not particularly limited. Examples of the above-mentioned structure include concrete structures. Examples of the above-mentioned concrete structures include buildings, underground tunnels, underwater tunnels, mountain tunnels, and insulators (grout sections) placed on the outer surface of pipes, etc. From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, it is preferable that the above-mentioned structure is a concrete structure. The above-mentioned structure may also be an underground structure.

[0031] The sealing material according to the present invention is suitably used in gaps (intervals) in structures. The sealing material according to the present invention is suitably used in cracks or fissures in structures. The sealing material according to the present invention is suitably used in gaps (joints) in joints between members in structures. Furthermore, the sealing material according to the present invention is suitably used at the boundary between a structure and the ground behind the structure. Moreover, the sealing material according to the present invention is suitably used as a sheathing material. Specifically, the sealing material according to the present invention is suitably used as a sheathing material for insulators (grout parts) placed on the outer surface of anchors, cables, and pipes. The sealing material according to the present invention is suitably used to protect the outer surface of insulators placed on the outer surface of anchors, cables, and pipes.

[0032] Furthermore, at final disposal sites for waste, waterproof sheets are sometimes installed at the boundary between concrete structures and the ground. In addition, in the NATM method, one of the tunnel excavation methods, waterproof sheets are sometimes installed at the boundary between the tunnel (lining concrete) and the ground behind the tunnel. The sealing material according to the present invention is suitably used as a material for the above-mentioned waterproof sheets.

[0033] From the viewpoint of more effectively demonstrating the effects of the present invention, it is preferable that the sealing material is a sealing material for objects to be sealed, including concrete. From the viewpoint of more effectively demonstrating the effects of the present invention, it is preferable that the sealing material is a sealing material for concrete structures. From the viewpoint of more effectively demonstrating the effects of the present invention, it is preferable that the sealing material is placed and used on the portion to be sealed of an object to be sealed, including concrete. The sealing material may also be a sealing material for objects to be sealed, including ground and concrete. The sealing material may also be placed and used on the portion to be sealed of an object to be sealed, including ground and concrete.

[0034] The following describes the details of each component used in the sealing material according to the present invention.

[0035] <Resin> The above-mentioned sealant contains resin.

[0036] Examples of the above-mentioned resins include thermoplastic resins and curable resins. From the viewpoint of easily molding the sealing material by extrusion molding or injection molding, it is preferable that the above-mentioned resin includes a thermoplastic resin. From the viewpoint of good sealing of the sealing material to the area to be sealed by injection or coating, it is preferable that the above-mentioned resin includes a curable resin. Only one type of the above-mentioned resin may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0037] Examples of the thermoplastic resins mentioned above include fluororesins, polyolefin resins, polyvinyl chloride resins, polyamide resins, polycarbonate resins, polystyrene resins, polyester resins, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resins (ABS resins), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

[0038] Examples of the polyolefin resins mentioned above include polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPDM), isobutylene-isoprene copolymer, polystyrene, polybutene, polyisobutylene, polybutadiene, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and ethylene-α-olefin copolymer.

[0039] Examples of the curable resins mentioned above include modified silicone resins, silicone resins, epoxy resins, acrylic resins, unsaturated polyester resins, polyurea resins, urethane resins, phenolic resins, vinyl ester resins, and naphthoxazine resins. Only one of these curable resins may be used, or two or more may be used in combination.

[0040] The above-mentioned curable resin may be a one-component curable resin or a two-component curable resin. Examples of the one-component curable resin include thermosetting resins, photocurable resins, and moisture-curable resins. The above-mentioned two-component curable resin is used in combination with a curing agent. From the viewpoint of improving workability on site, the above-mentioned curable resin preferably contains a moisture-curable resin, and is preferably a moisture-curable resin. The above-mentioned curable resin may or may not be used in combination with a curing agent.

[0041] From the viewpoint of increasing elasticity, the curable resin preferably contains a modified silicone resin, and more preferably is a modified silicone resin.

[0042] From the viewpoint of improving workability on site, the above-mentioned modified silicone resin is preferably a moisture-curable modified silicone resin. Moisture-curable modified silicone resins have hydrolyzable silicon groups. The above-mentioned modified silicone resin having hydrolyzable silicon groups has a polyether polymer, a polyolefin polymer, or an acrylic polymer as the main chain (the portion excluding the hydrolyzable silicon groups). Therefore, examples of monomers that make up the main chain include alkylene oxide monomers, olefin monomers, or acrylic monomers. The above polymer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer. When the above polymer is a copolymer, examples of monomers that can be used include alkylene oxide monomers, olefin monomer components, acrylic monomers, and vinyl monomers. Only one type of modified silicone resin may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0043] Examples of the alkylene oxide monomers mentioned above include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butylene oxide. From the viewpoint of improving elongation and viscous handling properties after curing, it is preferable that the alkylene oxide monomer is polypropylene oxide obtained by polymerizing propylene oxide.

[0044] Examples of the olefin monomers mentioned above include isobutylene.

[0045] The above acrylic monomers include methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, tert-butyl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, n-octyl (meth)acrylate, isooctyl (meth)acrylate, isononyl (meth)acrylate, isomiristyl (meth)acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate, and isobornyl (meth)acrylate. Benzyl (meth)acrylate, 2-butoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, glycidyl (meth)acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate, hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, propylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polypropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, Limethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol di(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, urethane acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl(meth)acrylate Examples include acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 5-hydroxypentyl (meth)acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl (meth)acrylate, 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl (meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, 2-[(meth)acryloyloxy]ethyl 2-hydroxyethyl phthalate, 2-[(meth)acryloyloxy]ethyl 2-hydroxypropyl phthalate, etc.Furthermore, if the acrylic polymer is a copolymer of other vinyl monomer components, hydrolyzable silicon groups can be introduced by copolymerizing a vinyl monomer component having hydrolyzable silicon groups.

[0046] From the viewpoint of improving weather resistance, it is preferable that the main chain in the modified silicone resin has structural units derived from acrylic monomers.

[0047] From the viewpoint of improving weather resistance, the content of structural units derived from acrylic monomers in 100% by weight of the main chain in the modified silicone resin is preferably 5% by weight or more, and preferably 20% by weight or less.

[0048] The above hydrolyzable silicon groups are not particularly limited, but include halogenated silyl groups, alkenyloxysilyl groups, acyloxysilyl groups, aminosilyl groups, aminooxysilyl groups, oximesilyl groups, amidesilyl groups, and alkoxysilyl groups.

[0049] The number of hydrolyzable groups bonded to the silicon atom in the above hydrolyzable silicon group is preferably 1 or more, and preferably 3 or less. One hydrolyzable group may be bonded to one silicon atom, or two or more. The above hydrolyzable group and non-hydrolyzable group may be bonded to one silicon atom. Due to their excellent stability and ease of handling, the above hydrolyzable silicon group is preferably a monoalkoxysilyl group, a dialkoxysilyl group, or a trialkoxysilyl group.

[0050] When the curable resin contains the modified silicone resin, it is preferable that the curable resin contains a silanol condensation catalyst. It is preferable that the curable resin contains both the modified silicone resin and the silanol condensation catalyst. By using the silanol condensation catalyst, the modified silicone resin can be cured in a short time. The silanol condensation catalyst may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.

[0051] Examples of the silanol condensation catalysts mentioned above include tin catalysts such as monoalkyltin esters and dialkyltin esters, poly(dialkylstanoxane) disilicate resins, and organic titanates.

[0052] Examples of the above monoalkyltin esters include butyltin tris(2-ethylhexanoate). Examples of the above dialkyltin esters include dibutyltin acetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin dioctoate, dibutyltin diolate, dibutyltin dimethoxide, dibutyltin diphenoxide, dibutyltin diacetylacetonate, dibutyltin acetoacetate, and stannous octanoate.

[0053] Examples of the above-mentioned organic titanates include titanium alkoxides such as tetrabutyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate, tetramethyl titanate, and tetra(2-ethylhexyl titanate)triethanolamine titanate, as well as titanium chelates such as titanium tetraacetylacetonate, titanium ethylacetoacetate, and octylene glycolate.

[0054] The content of the silicone condensation catalyst per 100 parts by weight of the modified silicone resin is preferably 0.1 parts by weight or more, more preferably 1 part by weight or more, preferably 10 parts by weight or less, and more preferably 5 parts by weight or less. When the content of the silicone condensation catalyst is above the lower limit, the material of the resin layer containing the modified silicone resin can be cured in a short time, and the resin layer can be obtained well in a short time. When the content of the silicone condensation catalyst is below the upper limit, the adhesive strength of the resin layer can be increased.

[0055] Examples of the above-mentioned silicone resin include organopolysiloxanes having two or more alkenyl groups bonded to silicon atoms. The main chain of the above-mentioned organopolysiloxane is generally a polymer of diorganosiloxane, but it may also have a partially branched structure or a cyclic structure. Examples of alkenyl groups that the above-mentioned organopolysiloxane has include vinyl group, 1-propenyl group, 2-propenyl group, isopropenyl group, butenyl group, 1-methyl-2-propenyl group, petenyl group, hexenyl group, octenyl group, and cyclohexenyl group.

[0056] Examples of curing agents (crosslinking agents) for the above-mentioned silicone resin include organohydrogenpolysiloxanes having two or more SiH groups. Examples of the organohydrogenpolysiloxanes mentioned above include phenylmethylhydrogenpolysiloxane, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, 1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, methylhydrogenpolysiloxane with trimethylsiloxy groups sealed at both ends, dimethylsiloxane-methylhydrogensiloxane copolymer with trimethylsiloxy groups sealed at both ends, dimethylpolysiloxane with dimethylhydrogensiloxy groups sealed at both ends, dimethylsiloxane-methylhydrogensiloxane copolymer with dimethylhydrogensiloxy groups sealed at both ends, methylhydrogensiloxane-diphenylsiloxane copolymer with trimethylsiloxy groups sealed at both ends, and methylhydrogensiloxane-diphenylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer with trimethylsiloxy groups sealed at both ends.

[0057] The epoxy resins mentioned above include bisphenol type epoxy resins such as bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, bisphenol S type epoxy resin, and their hydrogenated derivatives; glycidyl ether type epoxy resins such as polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether type epoxy resin; ester type epoxy resins such as phthalate diglycidyl ester type epoxy resin; novolac type epoxy resins such as phenol novolac type epoxy resin, bisphenol A novolac type epoxy resin, cresol novolac type epoxy resin, and their hydrogenated derivatives; trisphenol type polyfunctional epoxy resins such as triphenolmethane type epoxy resin; and triglycidyl iso Examples include nitrogen-containing cyclic polyfunctional epoxy resins such as cyanurate-type epoxy resins, tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane-type epoxy resins, tetraglycidylmetoxylendiamine-type epoxy resins, and hydantoin-type epoxy resins; fused-ring epoxy resins such as naphthalene-type epoxy resins; biphenyl-type epoxy resins; dicyclopentadiene-type epoxy resins; ether ester-type epoxy resins; epoxy resins having an alicyclic structure such as 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3',4'-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate; urethane-type epoxy resins; and rubber-modified epoxy resins having a rubber backbone such as polybutadiene and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR).

[0058] When the curable resin contains the epoxy resin, it is preferable that the curable resin also contains a curing agent for the epoxy resin (epoxy curing agent). In other words, it is preferable that the curable component contains both the epoxy resin and the epoxy curing agent.

[0059] Examples of curing agents (epoxy curing agents) for the epoxy resin mentioned above include amine compounds, imidazole compounds, amide compounds, and cyano compounds. Examples of amine compounds include ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, their amine adducts, metaphenylenediamine, diaminodiphenylmethane, and diaminodiphenylsulfone. Examples of imidazole compounds include methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-isobutyl-2-methylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, ethylimidazole, isopropylimidazole, 2,4-dimethylimidazole, phenylimidazole, undecylimidazole, heptadecylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4,5-dihydroxymethylimidazole, and 2-phenyl-4-methyl-5-hydroxymethylimidazole. Examples of the above-mentioned amide compounds include polyamides. Examples of the above-mentioned cyano compounds include dicyandiamides.

[0060] The epoxy resin described above may also be a latent curing agent such as ketimine, in which the active amine is blocked and activated under specific conditions such as moisture. For example, ketimine is stable in the absence of moisture, but in the presence of moisture it generally becomes a primary amine and reacts with the epoxy resin. Specifically, examples include 2,5,8-triaza-1,8-nonadien, 2,10-dimethyl-3,6,9-triaza-2,9-undecadien, 2,10-diphenyl-3,6,9-triaza-2,9-undecadien, 3,11-dimethyl-4,7,10-triaza-3,10-tridecadien, 3,11-diethyl-4,7,10-triaza-3,10-tridecadien, 2,4,12,14-tetramethyl-5,8,11-triaza-4,11-pentadecadien, 2,4,20,22-tetramethyl-5,12,19-triaza-4,19-trieicosadiene, and 2,4,15,17-tetramethyl-5,8,11,14-tetraaza-4,14-octadecadien.

[0061] By reacting the above epoxy resin with the above epoxy curing agent, a cured epoxy resin product can be obtained.

[0062] From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the epoxy resin preferably includes an epoxy resin having an aromatic skeleton, and more preferably is a bisphenol A type epoxy resin or a bisphenol F type epoxy resin.

[0063] From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the epoxy curing agent is preferably an amine-based curing agent (amine compound).

[0064] A urethane resin can be obtained by curing a polyol compound with an isocyanate compound. Examples of the polyol compounds include bisphenol A, bisphenol F, phenol novolac, cresol novolac, cyclohexanediol, methylcyclohexanediol, isophoronediol, dicyclohexylmethanediol, dimethyldicyclohexylmethanediol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, polyester polyol, polyether polyol, polymers obtained by dehydration condensation of a polybasic acid and a polyhydric alcohol, and polymers obtained by ring-opening polymerization of lactones such as ε-caprolactone or α-methyl-ε-caprolactone.

[0065] Examples of the above-mentioned isocyanate compounds include polyisocyanate compounds. Examples of the above-mentioned polyisocyanate compounds include aromatic polyisocyanates, alicyclic polyisocyanates, and aliphatic polyisocyanates. Examples of the above-mentioned aromatic polyisocyanates include phenylenediisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, tolylene diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, dimethyldiphenyltanediisocyanate, triphenylmethane triisocyanate, naphthalene diisocyanate, and polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate. Examples of the above-mentioned alicyclic polyisocyanates include cyclohexylene diisocyanate, methylcyclohexylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, and dimethyldicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate. Examples of the above-mentioned aliphatic polyisocyanates include methylene diisocyanate, ethylene diisocyanate, propylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, and hexamethylene diisocyanate.

[0066] From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the polyol compound is preferably a polyester polyol or a polyether polyol. From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the curing agent (isocyanate compound) of the polyol compound is preferably diphenylmethane diisocyanate or toluene diisocyanate.

[0067] The mixing ratio of the polyol compound and the polyisocyanate compound can be appropriately changed depending on the combination of types of polyol and polyisocyanate compounds. Preferably, the amount of polyisocyanate compound is such that the amount of hydroxyl groups in the polyol compound is equal to the amount of isocyanate groups (NCO) in the polyisocyanate compound.

[0068] Examples of the phenolic resins mentioned above include novolac-type phenols, biphenol-type phenols, naphthalene-type phenols, dicyclopentadiene-type phenols, aralkyl-type phenols, and dicyclopentadiene-type phenols.

[0069] Examples of curing agents for the phenolic resin mentioned above include hexamethylenetetramine and paraformaldehyde.

[0070] Examples of vinyl ester resins include reaction products of epoxy resins and unsaturated monobasic acids. Examples of epoxy resins include bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and its high molecular weight congeners, novolac-type polyglycidyl ethers and their high molecular weight congeners, and aliphatic glycidyl ethers such as 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether. Examples of unsaturated monobasic acids include acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Examples of reaction products of epoxy resins with acrylic acid and methacrylic acid include epoxy (meth)acrylates.

[0071] Examples of curing agents for the vinyl ester resin mentioned above include organic peroxides. Examples of organic peroxides include ketone peroxides, perbenzoates, hydroperoxides, diacyl peroxides, peroxyketals, hydroperoxides, diallyl peroxides, peroxyesters, and peroxydicarbonates.

[0072] When the above curable resin contains the above vinyl ester resin, the curable component may also contain a radical polymerizable unsaturated monomer. The above radical polymerizable unsaturated monomers include styrene monomers, α-,o-,m-,p-alkyl, nitro, cyano, amide, and ester derivatives of styrene, chlorostyrene, vinyltoluene, and styrene-based monomers such as divinylbenzene, butadiene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene, isoprene, and chloroprene, dienes, ethyl (meth)acrylate, methyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, i-propyl (meth)acrylate, hexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, dodecyl (meth)acrylate, and ethyl (meth)acrylate. Examples include (meth)acrylic acid esters such as cyclopentyl acetate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, tetrahydrofuryl (meth)acrylate, acetoacetoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, dicyclopentenyloxyethyl (meth)acrylate, and phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate; (meth)acrylamides such as (meth)acrylamide and N,N-dimethylamide (meth)acrylate; vinyl resins such as (meth)acrylamide; unsaturated dicarboxylic acid diesters such as diethyl citraconate; monomaleimide resins such as N-phenylmaleimide; and N-(meth)acryloylphthalimide.

[0073] In 100% by weight of the above sealing material, the resin content is preferably 30% by weight or more, more preferably 50% by weight or more, even more preferably 55% by weight or more, particularly preferably 60% by weight or more, preferably 97% by weight or less, more preferably 95% by weight or less, even more preferably 90% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 80% by weight or less. When the resin content is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, cations or anions are released more effectively, and poorly water-soluble salts are well formed. As a result, the sealed area and its surroundings are further densified, and the structure can be kept in a stable state for a longer period of time.

[0074] In 100% by weight of the above sealing material, the content of the above thermoplastic resin is preferably 40% by weight or more, more preferably 50% by weight or more, even more preferably 60% by weight or more, particularly preferably 65% ​​by weight or more, preferably 97% by weight or less, more preferably 95% by weight or less, even more preferably 90% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 85% by weight or less. When the content of the above thermoplastic resin is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, cations or anions are released more effectively, and poorly water-soluble salts are well formed. As a result, the sealed area and its surroundings are further densified, and the structure can be kept in a stable state for a longer period of time.

[0075] In 100% by weight of the above sealing material, the content of the above curable resin is preferably 30% by weight or more, more preferably 50% by weight or more, even more preferably 55% by weight or more, particularly preferably 60% by weight or more, preferably 97% by weight or less, more preferably 95% by weight or less, even more preferably 90% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 80% by weight or less. When the content of the above curable resin is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, cations or anions are released more effectively, and poorly water-soluble salts are well formed. As a result, the sealed area and its surroundings are further densified, and the structure can be kept in a stable state for a longer period of time.

[0076] In 100% by weight of the above sealing material, the content of the moisture-curing resin is preferably 35% by weight or more, more preferably 50% by weight or more, even more preferably 55% by weight or more, particularly preferably 60% by weight or more, preferably 95% by weight or less, more preferably 90% by weight or less, even more preferably 85% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 80% by weight or less. When the content of the moisture-curing resin is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, cations or anions are released more effectively, and poorly water-soluble salts are well formed. As a result, the sealed area and its surroundings are further densified, and the structure can be kept in a stable state for a longer period of time.

[0077] In 100% by weight of the above sealing material, the content of the above modified silicone resin is preferably 35% by weight or more, more preferably 50% by weight or more, even more preferably 55% by weight or more, particularly preferably 60% by weight or more, preferably 97% by weight or less, more preferably 95% by weight or less, even more preferably 90% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 80% by weight or less. When the content of the above modified silicone resin is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, cations or anions are released more effectively, and poorly water-soluble salts are well formed. As a result, the sealed area and its surroundings are further densified, and the structure can be kept in a stable state for a longer period of time.

[0078] <Ion-releasing compounds> The above-mentioned sealant contains an ion-releasing compound (ion-releasing compound) capable of releasing cations or anions. The above-mentioned ion-releasing compound can produce poorly water-soluble salts.

[0079] The above-mentioned ion-releasing compound may be a compound capable of releasing cations, a compound capable of releasing anions, a compound capable of releasing both cations and anions, or a mixture of a compound capable of releasing cations and a compound capable of releasing anions. The above-mentioned ion-releasing compound may contain a compound capable of releasing cations, a compound capable of releasing anions, or a compound capable of releasing cations and a compound capable of releasing anions. The above-mentioned ion-releasing compound may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination.

[0080] It is preferable that the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound generates a poorly water-soluble salt upon contact with moisture adhering to the ground or structure. It is preferable that cations or anions are released from the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound by water or moisture reaching the location where the above-mentioned sealing material is placed. Specifically, if the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound is a compound capable of releasing cations, it is preferable that the cations released from the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound react chemically with anions dissolved in moisture, etc., to form a poorly water-soluble salt. If the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound is a compound capable of releasing anions, it is preferable that the anions released from the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound react chemically with cations dissolved in moisture, etc., to form a poorly water-soluble salt. Furthermore, if the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound is a compound capable of releasing both cations and anions, or a mixture of a compound capable of releasing cations and a compound capable of releasing anions, it is preferable that the cations and anions released from the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound move through moisture, etc., as a medium, and a poorly water-soluble salt is formed at the point where they meet.

[0081] The ion-releasing compound described above may be an inorganic salt, an ion-exchange resin, or an ion complex.

[0082] Examples of the ion-releasing compounds mentioned above include calcium silicate, tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, calcium aluminate, calcium aluminoferrite, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium acetate, calcium lactate, barium lactate, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, calcium bicarbonate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate. It is preferable that the ion-releasing compound is one of these compounds. These ion-releasing compounds can more effectively produce poorly water-soluble salts.

[0083] Examples of compounds capable of releasing the above-mentioned cations include calcium silicate, tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, calcium aluminate, calcium aluminoferrite, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium acetate, calcium lactate, barium lactate, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, and calcium bicarbonate. Only one of these cation-releasing compounds may be used, or two or more may be used in combination.

[0084] The compound capable of releasing the above cations is preferably calcium silicate, tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, calcium aluminate, calcium aluminoferrite, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium acetate, calcium lactate, barium lactate, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, or calcium bicarbonate. If the compound capable of releasing the above cations is one of the above preferred compounds, the effects of the present invention can be exhibited more effectively. From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the compound capable of releasing the above cations is more preferably calcium oxide, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, calcium acetate, calcium lactate, or barium lactate, and even more preferably calcium lactate. From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the compound capable of releasing the above cations is preferably a compound capable of releasing calcium ions, and even more preferably an organic calcium acid salt. Examples of the above organic calcium acid salts include calcium acetate and calcium lactate.

[0085] Examples of compounds capable of releasing the above-mentioned anions include sodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and calcium bicarbonate. Only one of these anion-releasing compounds may be used, or two or more may be used in combination.

[0086] From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the compound capable of releasing the above anions is preferably sodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or calcium bicarbonate. From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the compound capable of releasing the above anions is more preferably sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate, and even more preferably sodium bicarbonate. From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the compound capable of releasing the above anions is preferably a compound capable of releasing bicarbonate ions (bicarbonate ions) or carbonate ions.

[0087] Examples of compounds capable of releasing both the cations and anions mentioned above include calcium bicarbonate.

[0088] From the viewpoint of producing poorly water-soluble salts even more effectively, the sealing material is preferably a mixture of a compound capable of releasing cations and a compound capable of releasing anions, and more preferably a mixture of a compound capable of releasing calcium ions and a compound capable of releasing bicarbonate ions or carbonate ions. From the viewpoint of producing poorly water-soluble salts even more effectively, the sealing material is preferably a compound capable of releasing cations and a compound capable of releasing anions, and more preferably a compound capable of releasing calcium ions and a compound capable of releasing bicarbonate ions or carbonate ions.

[0089] Examples of the above poorly water-soluble salts include the following compounds: Calcium carbonate (specific gravity: 2.71, solubility in water at 20°C: 1.5 × 10⁻⁶) -4 (mol / L). Barium carbonate (specific gravity: 4.29, solubility in water at 20°C: 1.25 × 10⁻⁶). -4 (mol / L). Calcium phosphate (specific gravity: 3.14, solubility in water at 20°C: 6.5 × 10⁻⁶) -5 (mol / L). Iron hydroxide (specific gravity: 3.40, solubility in water at 20°C: 5.0 × 10⁻⁶) -6 (mol / L).

[0090] From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the poorly water-soluble salt is preferably calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, calcium phosphate, or iron hydroxide. From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, it is preferable that the ion-releasing compound can produce calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, calcium phosphate, or iron hydroxide as a poorly water-soluble salt. From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, the poorly water-soluble salt is preferably calcium carbonate. From the viewpoint of exhibiting the effects of the present invention more effectively, it is preferable that the ion-releasing compound can produce calcium carbonate as a poorly water-soluble salt.

[0091] The ion-releasing compound may be in particulate form. The ion-releasing compound may be spherical, or have other shapes, or be flattened. The ion-releasing compound is preferably spherical.

[0092] The particle size of the above ion-releasing compound is preferably 1.0 μm or more, more preferably 5.0 μm or more, even more preferably 10 μm or more, preferably 1000 μm or less, more preferably 500 μm or less, even more preferably 150 μm or less, and particularly preferably 100 μm or less. When the particle size of the above ion-releasing compound is above the lower limit, the above ion-releasing compound is well coated by the coating agent described later, and the dispersibility of the above ion-releasing compound in the sealing material and in the sealed object can be improved. Furthermore, when the particle size of the above ion-releasing compound is above the lower limit, the viscosity when filling the sealing material into the area to be sealed can be improved, and the arrangement of the sealing material can be improved. When the particle size of the above ion-releasing compound is below the upper limit, the dispersibility of the above ion-releasing compound in the sealing material and in the sealed object can be improved.

[0093] The particle size of the ion-releasing compound described above is preferably the average particle size. The average particle size described above refers to the number-average particle size. The average particle size of the ion-releasing compound described above can be determined by observing 50 arbitrary ion-releasing compounds with an electron microscope or optical microscope and calculating the average value.

[0094] In the above-mentioned sealing material, the surface of the ion-releasing compound may be coated with a coating agent. The ion-releasing compound may also be contained within microcapsules. When the ion-releasing compound is an inorganic salt, it is preferable that the surface of the ion-releasing compound in the above-mentioned sealing material is coated with a coating agent. When the ion-releasing compound is an inorganic salt, it is preferable that the above-mentioned sealing material contains microcapsules containing the ion-releasing compound as an encapsulation. When the surface of the ion-releasing compound is coated with a coating agent, or when the ion-releasing compound is contained within microcapsules, the timing and amount of cations or anions released from the ion-releasing compound can be controlled.

[0095] Preferably, the ion-releasing compound coated with the above coating agent is capable of releasing cations or anions when moisture such as water or humidity comes into contact with the sealing material (or sealing object) and the moisture diffuses into the interior of the coating agent. The ion-releasing compound coated with the above coating agent may also be capable of releasing cations or anions from voids in the coating agent. The ion-releasing compound coated with the above coating agent may also be capable of diffusing into the interior of the coating agent and releasing cations or anions. In these cases, the timing and amount of cations or anions released from the ion-releasing compound can be controlled more effectively.

[0096] Preferably, the microcapsules described above are capable of releasing the ion-releasing compound. Preferably, the membrane constituting the microcapsules disintegrates when they come into contact with moisture such as water or humidity. In this case, the timing and amount of cations or anions released from the ion-releasing compound can be controlled more effectively.

[0097] The materials for the membrane constituting the microcapsules and the coating agent for covering the surface of the ion-releasing compound can be appropriately selected depending on the type of ion-releasing compound. Preferably, the materials for the membrane constituting the microcapsules and the coating agent for covering the surface of the ion-releasing compound contain a coupling agent or a resin. In this case, the dispersibility of the ion-releasing compound in the sealing material and the sealing object can be improved, and the timing and amount of cation or anion release can be well controlled. In addition, the thickness of the membrane constituting the microcapsules can be made uniform, and the surface of the ion-releasing compound can be uniformly coated with the coating agent.

[0098] Examples of the coupling agents mentioned above include silane coupling agents and titanium coupling agents.

[0099] Examples of the above-mentioned resins include water-soluble resins, thermoplastic resins, and curable resins. Only one type of resin may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination. The resin contained in the above-mentioned sealing material and the resin contained in the above-mentioned coating agent material may be the same or different.

[0100] Examples of the water-soluble resins mentioned above include polyvinyl alcohol, polylactic acid resin (PLA resin), poly(meth)acrylic acid, poly(meth)acrylamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, and methylcellulose.

[0101] Examples of the thermoplastic resin and curable resin mentioned above include the thermoplastic resin and curable resin described above.

[0102] From the viewpoint of better controlling the timing and amount of cations or anions released from ion-releasing compounds, the resin contained in the material of the coating agent preferably contains a thermoplastic resin, more preferably a polyolefin resin, even more preferably an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and particularly preferably an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

[0103] The thickness of the membrane constituting the microcapsule and the thickness of the coating layer made by the coating agent are not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of better controlling the timing and amount of cations or anions released from the ion-releasing compound, the thickness of the membrane constituting the microcapsule and the thickness of the coating layer made by the coating agent are preferably 1 μm or more, more preferably 5 μm or more, preferably 1000 μm or less, and more preferably 200 μm or less.

[0104] In 100% by weight of the above sealing material, the content of the above ion-releasing compound is preferably 3% by weight or more, more preferably 5% by weight or more, even more preferably 10% by weight or more, particularly preferably 20% by weight or more, preferably 70% by weight or less, more preferably 50% by weight or less, even more preferably 45% by weight or less, particularly preferably 40% by weight or less. When the content of the above ion-releasing compound is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, cations or anions are released more effectively, and poorly water-soluble salts are formed well. As a result, the sealed area and its surroundings are made more dense, and the structure can be kept in a stable state for a longer period of time. When the content of the above ion-releasing compound is below the upper limit, the appearance of the structure after sealing with the above sealing material can be improved, and the strength of the sealed area and its surroundings can be increased.

[0105] The content of the ion-releasing compound per 100 parts by weight of the above resin is preferably 3 parts by weight or more, more preferably 5 parts by weight or more, even more preferably 10 parts by weight or more, particularly preferably 20 parts by weight or more, preferably 200 parts by weight or less, more preferably 100 parts by weight or less, and even more preferably 70 parts by weight or less. When the content of the ion-releasing compound is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, cations or anions are released more effectively, and poorly water-soluble salts are formed well. As a result, the sealed area and its surroundings are made more dense, and the structure can be kept in a stable state for a longer period of time. When the content of the ion-releasing compound is below the upper limit, the viscosity when filling the sealing material into the area to be sealed is improved, and the placement of the sealing material can be enhanced.

[0106] In 100% by weight of the above sealing material, the total content of the above ion-releasing compound and the above coating agent is preferably 3% by weight or more, more preferably 5% by weight or more, preferably 70% by weight or less, and more preferably 50% by weight or less. When the total content of the above ion-releasing compound and the above coating agent is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, cations or anions are released more effectively, and poorly water-soluble salts are formed well. As a result, the sealed area and its surroundings are made more dense, and the structure can be kept in a stable state for a longer period of time. When the total content of the above ion-releasing compound and the above coating agent is below the upper limit, the viscosity when filling the sealing material into the area to be sealed is improved, and the placement of the sealing material can be enhanced.

[0107] <Other ingredients> The above-mentioned sealing material may, if necessary, contain other components besides the above-mentioned resin, the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound, and the above-mentioned coating agent. Examples of these other components include reaction catalysts, reaction accelerators, crosslinking agents, water absorbers, foam stabilizers, antioxidants, and colorants.

[0108] (Structure and method for manufacturing the structure) A structure can be obtained using the sealing material according to the present invention. Preferably, the structure comprises an object to be sealed having a portion to be sealed, and a sealing object disposed on the portion to be sealed. Preferably, the sealing object is formed from the sealing material. The sealing object may be formed by curing the resin (curable resin) in the sealing material. The sealing object may be a cured product of the sealing material. The sealing object may be formed by extrusion molding or injection molding of the sealing material. The sealing object may be a molded body of the sealing material.

[0109] The ion-releasing compound in the above-mentioned sealant (in the cured product of the above-mentioned sealant or in the molded body of the above-mentioned sealant) is preferably dispersed in the above-mentioned resin or in the cured product of the above-mentioned curable resin.

[0110] The sealing material may be a waterproof sheet or a waterproof member. The shape of the sealing material may be a sheet. When the shape of the sealing material is a sheet, the thickness of the sealing material is preferably 0.05 mm or more, more preferably 0.1 mm or more, even more preferably 0.5 mm or more, preferably 5 mm or less, more preferably 3 mm or less, and even more preferably 2 mm or less. If the thickness of the sealing material is above the lower limit and below the upper limit, the waterproofing of the sealed area and its surroundings can be improved.

[0111] The manufacturing method for the above structure preferably comprises (1A) a placement step of placing the sealing material on the sealing target portion of the object to be sealed, and (2A) a curing step of curing the resin in the sealing material. Alternatively, the manufacturing method for the above structure may also comprise (1B) a molding step of forming a sealing object by extrusion molding or injection molding of the sealing material, and (2B) a placement step of placing the sealing object on the sealing target portion of the object to be sealed.

[0112] The above-described method for manufacturing the structure yields a structure equipped with a sealing material placed on the part to be sealed. In this structure, the sealed area and its surroundings can be densified, and a stable state can be maintained over a long period of time.

[0113] From the viewpoint of more effectively demonstrating the effects of the present invention, it is preferable that the object to be sealed includes concrete. From the viewpoint of more effectively demonstrating the effects of the present invention, it is preferable that the object to be sealed is a concrete structure. The object to be sealed may also include the ground. The portion to be sealed may be a void or the outer surface of the object to be sealed. It is preferable that the portion to be sealed is a void in the concrete structure or the outer surface of the concrete structure. The void in the concrete structure may be a crack in the concrete structure, a gap between members in the concrete structure, or the boundary between the concrete structure and the ground. Examples of the outer surface of the concrete structure include the outer surface of an insulator (grout portion) placed on the outer surface of a pipe or the like.

[0114] The above-mentioned sealant may be used by filling the area to be sealed. The method of filling the area to be sealed with the above-mentioned sealant is not particularly limited. One method of filling the area to be sealed with the above-mentioned sealant is to form an injection port in the structure that penetrates from the front to the back of the structure and inject the sealant into the area to be sealed through the injection port. The amount of sealant injected can be appropriately changed according to the size of the area to be filled (the area to be sealed). The above-mentioned sealant may also be filled using a backfilling method.

[0115] The pressure used when filling (injecting) the above-mentioned sealant can be appropriately changed depending on the viscosity of the sealant, the size of the area to be filled (the part to be sealed), etc. The above-mentioned sealant may be filled (injected) at high pressure or at low pressure. When filling at high pressure, the pressure is preferably 0.5 MPa or more and 24 MPa or less. When filling at low pressure, the pressure is preferably 0.01 MPa or more and 0.5 MPa or less. From the viewpoint of improving the injectability of the sealant into the fine details of the part to be sealed, the pressure used when injecting the above-mentioned sealant is preferably 0.1 MPa or more and 4 MPa or less.

[0116] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a structure using a sealing material according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0117] Structure 100 is a concrete structure. A sealing target area (void) 103 exists between structure 100 and the ground 102.

[0118] The sealing material supply device 5 comprises an injection gun 51 and a tank 52. The tank 52 is filled with the sealing material.

[0119] First, a hole is drilled at a predetermined angle from the front to the back of the structure 100 to form an injection port 101. Next, the injection plug 1 and the injection gun 51 are connected. Then, using a compressor, the sealing material is filled (injected) into the sealing target area 103 through the injection port 101 (placement step). Before the above placement step, an injection plate may be installed on the front side of the structure so as to cover the area around the injection plug in order to prevent the sealing material from flowing out from the front of the structure.

[0120] Next, if the resin in the sealing material contains a curable resin, the curable resin in the sealing material is cured (curing step). In this way, a structure can be obtained. The structure comprises a cured product of the sealing material as a filler filled into the area to be sealed. In the structure, the cured product of the sealing material is formed.

[0121] The cured product of the above-mentioned sealant preferably contains the cured product of the above-mentioned resin (curable resin) and the above-mentioned ion-releasing compound. The ion-releasing compound in the cured product of the above-mentioned sealant is a compound capable of releasing cations or anions. The ion-releasing compound in the cured product of the above-mentioned sealant can generate poorly water-soluble salts inside or on the surface of the cured product of the sealant. The ion-releasing compound in the cured product of the above-mentioned sealant is preferably dispersed in the cured product of the above-mentioned resin (curable resin).

[0122] In the above structure, the sealed area and its surroundings can be densified, allowing for long-term stability.

[0123] The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples and comparative examples. The present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0124] The following materials were prepared.

[0125] (resin) Curable resin A (moisture-curing modified silicone resin, "Infraguard 430S" manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) Curable resin B (two-component curable modified silicone resin, Asahi Kasei Corporation's "Wacker Silicone", main component (M4470) 96% by weight: hardener (CATALYST T40) 4% by weight) Thermoplastic resin C (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, "EVA UltraCene #636" manufactured by Tosoh Corporation)

[0126] (Ion-releasing compounds) Compounds capable of releasing cations: Calcium lactate (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque, average particle size 50 μm) Barium lactate (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., powder) Compounds capable of releasing anions: Sodium bicarbonate (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, average particle size 107 μm) Sodium carbonate (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, average particle size 100 μm) Sodium hydrogen phosphate (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., powder) Sodium silicate (Nacalai Task Co., Ltd. "Sodium Orthosilicate (Na4SiO4)")

[0127] (Example 1) Preparation of sealing material: A sealing material was obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight of curable resin A, 25 parts by weight of calcium lactate, and 25 parts by weight of sodium bicarbonate.

[0128] Preparation of test specimens: Two concrete slabs (150mm wide x 300mm deep x 40mm thick) were prepared. Cracks were made on the side of each concrete slab (the 300mm deep x 40mm thick side) by grinding, and the slabs were placed side by side so that the cracked sides were in contact. The boundary of the joint between the two concrete slabs was designated as the area to be sealed, and the obtained sealant was applied to the joint in a width of 40mm and a thickness of 2mm to obtain a test specimen in which the sealant was placed on the concrete slab.

[0129] (Example 2) A sealing material was obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight of curable resin A with 30 parts by weight of sodium bicarbonate. A test specimen was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the obtained sealing material was used.

[0130] (Example 3) Preparation of sealing material: After mixing 96 parts by weight of the main component of curable resin B, 35 parts by weight of calcium lactate, and 35 parts by weight of sodium bicarbonate, 4 parts by weight of the curing agent of curable resin B were further mixed in to obtain a sealant.

[0131] Preparation of test specimens: A pipe (made of PVC, 50 mm in diameter x 200 mm in length) with one opening was prepared, and a release agent was applied to the inner surface of the pipe. The resulting sealant was injected into the pipe, and after 24 hours, it was removed from the pipe to obtain a hardened sealant (sealant) with a diameter of 50 mm x a length of 200 mm. Next, a concrete block (200 mm wide x 200 mm deep x 150 mm high) was prepared, and a through hole with a diameter of 50 mm was drilled from the center of the top surface of the concrete block to the center of the bottom surface. Then, the hardened sealant obtained was inserted into the through hole of the concrete block, and a test specimen was obtained in which both ends of the hardened sealant protruded from the top and bottom surfaces of the concrete block.

[0132] (Example 4) After mixing 96 parts by weight of the main component of curable resin B, 25 parts by weight of barium lactate, and 25 parts by weight of sodium carbonate, 4 parts by weight of the curing agent of curable resin B were further mixed to obtain a sealing material. A test specimen was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the obtained sealing material was used.

[0133] (Example 5) After mixing 96 parts by weight of the main component of curable resin B, 25 parts by weight of calcium lactate, and 25 parts by weight of sodium hydrogen phosphate, 4 parts by weight of the curing agent of curable resin B were further mixed to obtain a sealant. A test specimen was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the obtained sealant was used.

[0134] (Example 6) Preparation of sealing material: A sealing material (pellets) was obtained by melt-mixing 100 parts by weight of thermoplastic resin C, 25 parts by weight of calcium lactate, and 25 parts by weight of sodium bicarbonate in a twin-screw compounding extruder.

[0135] Preparation of test specimens: The obtained sealing material (pellets) was extruded from a T-die using a twin-screw compounding extruder at 195°C to obtain a waterproof sheet (sealing material, 400 mm wide x 1 mm thick). Sandstone blocks (400 mm wide x 400 mm deep x 150 mm thick) were placed inside a concrete formwork (400 mm wide x 400 mm deep x 400 mm thick), and the obtained waterproof sheet was placed on the top surface of the sandstone blocks. Furthermore, concrete was poured onto the surface of the waterproof sheet opposite to the sandstone blocks, and after curing for two months, it was removed from the concrete formwork to obtain a test specimen having a sandstone block layer, a waterproof sheet, and a concrete layer.

[0136] (Comparative Example 1) A sealing material and test specimens were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that an ion-releasing compound was not used.

[0137] (Comparative Example 2) The sealing material and test specimens were obtained in the same manner as in Example 3, except that an ion-releasing compound was not used.

[0138] (Comparative Example 3) After mixing 96 parts by weight of the main component of curable resin B, 35 parts by weight of calcium lactate, and 35 parts by weight of sodium silicate, 4 parts by weight of the curing agent of curable resin B were further mixed to obtain a sealing material. A test specimen was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the obtained sealing material was used.

[0139] (Comparative Example 4) Sealing material (pellets) and test specimens were obtained in the same manner as in Example 6, except that ion-releasing compounds were not used.

[0140] (evaluation) (1) Waterproof and durable The specimens obtained in Examples 1, 2, and Comparative Example 1 were immersed in a water tank filled to a height of 30 mm for two months with the sealed area facing upwards to cure the curable resin A. After that, the cured sealant was peeled off each specimen, and the presence or absence of particles precipitated at the boundary between the two concrete slabs was observed in detail visually. The specimens obtained in Examples 3-5 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3 were immersed in a water tank filled to a height of 50 mm for two months with the orientation of the through-holes parallel to the water surface. The cured sealant was removed from the concrete block, and the presence or absence of particles precipitated at the boundary between the concrete block and the cured sealant (surface of the through-hole) and at both ends of the cured sealant was observed in detail visually. Furthermore, the specimens obtained in Example 6 and Comparative Example 4 were immersed in a water tank filled to a height of 100 mm for two months with the concrete layer facing upwards, and the presence or absence of particles precipitated at the voids inside the sandstone block layer and on the surface of the concrete layer was observed in detail visually. Furthermore, the internal voids of the sandstone block layer were observed by cutting the test specimen parallel to the depth direction and examining the cross-section under a microscope.

[0141] For test specimens in which particles precipitated, the specific gravity and solubility in water at 20°C were measured using the method described above. Waterproofing and durability were assessed based on a specific gravity of 2.0 or higher and a solubility in water at 20°C of 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. -3 The determination was made based on the presence or absence of the formation of a poorly water-soluble salt (poorly water-soluble salt X) with a concentration of mol / L or less.

[0142] [Criteria for determining water resistance and durability] ○: Poorly water-soluble salt X is being produced. ×: Poorly water-soluble salt X is not formed.

[0143] In Examples 1-3 and 6, the poorly water-soluble salt X was calcium carbonate (specific gravity: 2.71, solubility in water at 20°C: 1.5 × 10⁻⁶). -4 A solution of mol / L was produced. In Example 4, barium carbonate (specific gravity: 4.29, solubility in water at 20°C: 1.25 × 10) was used as the poorly water-soluble salt X. -4A solution of mol / L was produced. In Example 5, calcium phosphate (specific gravity: 3.14, solubility in water at 20°C: 6.5 × 10) was used as the poorly water-soluble salt X. -5 A concentration of mol / L was being produced.

[0144] In Comparative Example 3, calcium silicate (specific gravity: 0.29, solubility in water at 20°C: 5.8 × 10⁻¹) was used as the poorly water-soluble salt. -4 Although a concentration of mol / L was generated, calcium silicate has a brittle crystalline structure, which prevented densification around the through-holes and the hardened sealant, resulting in cracking. Consequently, in Comparative Example 3, the waterproofing and durability of the sealed area and its surroundings could not be sufficiently improved.

[0145] The composition and results of the sealing material are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below.

[0146] [Table 1]

[0147] [Table 2] [Explanation of Symbols]

[0148] 1…Injection plug 5…Feeding device 51…Injection gun 52... Tank 100...Structure 101…Inlet 102...ground 103... Area to be sealed (gap)

Claims

1. A sealing material comprising a thermoplastic resin and an ion-releasing compound capable of releasing cations or anions, The sealing material is an extruded or injection-molded product. The sealing material is used to form a sealing material containing a poorly water-soluble salt, which is placed on the sealing target portion in a structure having a sealing target portion. The sealing material is used in the structure to generate the poorly water-soluble salt, which is a product of the reaction between a first ion released from the ion-releasing compound and a second ion present in the part to be sealed. The sealing material in the structure has a specific gravity of 2.0 or higher and a solubility in water at 20°C of 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ －３ A sealing material used to produce the aforementioned poorly water-soluble salt having a concentration of mol / L or less.

2. The sealing material according to claim 1, wherein the poorly water-soluble salt is calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, calcium phosphate, or iron hydroxide.

3. The ion-releasing compound includes a compound capable of releasing cations, The sealing material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound capable of releasing the cation is calcium silicate, tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, calcium aluminate, calcium aluminoferrite, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium acetate, calcium lactate, barium lactate, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, or calcium bicarbonate.

4. The ion-releasing compound includes a compound capable of releasing anions, The sealing material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound capable of releasing the anion is sodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or calcium bicarbonate.

5. An object to be sealed having a part to be sealed, The sealing material disposed in the part to be sealed includes a sealing material containing a poorly water-soluble salt, The aforementioned sealing object is formed of a sealing material, The sealing material comprises a thermoplastic resin and an ion-releasing compound capable of releasing cations or anions. The sealing material is an extruded or injection-molded product. The poorly water-soluble salt contained in the sealing material is a product of the reaction between a first ion released from the ion-releasing compound and a second ion present in the sealing target area. The specific gravity of the aforementioned poorly water-soluble salt is 2.0 or higher. A structure having a solubility in water of the poorly water-soluble salt of 1.0 × 10⁻³ mol / L or less at 20°C.

6. The process comprises the step of placing a sealing material on the portion of the object to be sealed to form a sealing product which is placed on the object to be sealed and contains a poorly water-soluble salt, The sealing material comprises a thermoplastic resin and an ion-releasing compound capable of releasing cations or anions. The sealing material is an extruded or injection-molded product. The poorly water-soluble salt contained in the sealing material is a product of the reaction between a first ion released from the ion-releasing compound and a second ion present in the sealing target area. The specific gravity of the aforementioned poorly water-soluble salt is 2.0 or higher. A method for producing a structure, wherein the solubility of the poorly water-soluble salt in water at 20°C is 1.0 × 10⁻³ mol / L or less.

7. The method for manufacturing a structure according to claim 6, further comprising the step of producing the sealing material, which is an extruded or injection-molded body, by extruding or injection-molding the thermoplastic resin and the ion-releasing compound.

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