carbonization furnace

Abstract

To provide a carbonization furnace that easily maintains carbonization performance even when carbonized waste such as dirt or food residue adheres to it. [Solution] This carbonization furnace 1 comprises a carbonization chamber 2 having a heat supply unit 21 and a waste gas inlet 22, a heater 3 that heats the inside of the carbonization chamber 2 by supplying heat from the outside to the heat supply unit 21, a lidded crucible 4 having thermal conductivity into which waste is fed and transported into the carbonization chamber 2, a waste gas duct 5 connected to the waste gas inlet 22 and passing waste gas generated from the waste in the crucible 4 through, and a deodorizer 6 that deodorizes and discharges the waste gas from the waste gas duct 5.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a carbonization furnace suitable for treating waste such as dirt or food residues.

Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, in order to prevent the unsanitary conditions caused by the accumulation of waste such as dirt or food residues generated in daily life, it is known to carbonize the waste in a carbonization furnace. For example, in Patent Document 1, waste (night soil) is flowed from a storage tank into a vacuum evaporation tank by a pump and dried, and the dried product is transferred to an incinerator by a screw conveyor and carbonized while being crushed by a stirrer and a ball mill. Patent Document 2 describes a treatment apparatus in which waste such as food residues (garbage) and dirt (used paper diapers) introduced from an inlet is carbonized in a pyrolysis furnace by a heater and an infrared layer, and the carbide is dropped near an outlet through a lower ozone gas chamber by a stirring device, and also a carbonization furnace for treating exhaust gas generated by carbonization.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] However, in the carbonization furnaces of Cited Documents 1 and 2, the carbide of waste such as dirt or food residues may adhere to the equipment in the carbonization furnace (for example, the stirrer and the ball mill in Cited Document 1, and the heater and the infrared layer in Cited Document 2), making it difficult for the carbonization furnace to maintain its carbonization performance.

[0005] This invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a carbonization furnace that can easily maintain carbonization performance even when carbonized waste such as dirt or food residue adheres to it. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] To achieve the above objective, Claim 1 The carbonization furnace described is The apparatus comprises a carbonization chamber having a heat supply unit and a waste gas inlet, a heater that heats the inside of the carbonization chamber by supplying heat from the outside to the heat supply unit, a lidded crucible having thermal conductivity into which waste is introduced and transported into the carbonization chamber, a waste gas duct connected to the waste gas inlet and passing waste gas generated from the waste in the crucible through it, and a deodorizer that deodorizes and discharges the waste gas from the waste gas duct, wherein the lid of the crucible is provided with a plurality of waste gas vents from which the waste gas generated from the waste in the crucible can be ejected. The waste gas vent hole of the crucible is, It is held by multiple rods and is movable upward over the waste gas vent hole by the pressure of the waste gas. A vertically movable cover is provided that allows the ejection of the waste gas generated from the waste and closes when there is no ejection of the waste gas. Furthermore, the vertically movable cover can move upward even at temperatures below 400°C, allowing for the ejection of the waste gas. .

[0007] Claim 2 The carbonization furnace described is The carbonization chamber comprises a heat supply unit and a waste gas inlet, a heater that heats the inside of the carbonization chamber by supplying heat from the outside to the heat supply unit, a lidded crucible that has thermal conductivity and into which waste is introduced and transported into the carbonization chamber, a waste gas duct connected to the waste gas inlet and passing waste gas generated from the waste in the crucible, and a deodorizer that deodorizes and discharges the waste gas from the waste gas duct, wherein a plurality of rollers are provided spaced apart from each other at the bottom of the carbonization chamber for transporting the crucible that has been introduced, and the plurality of rollers rotate continuously or intermittently to vibrate the crucible during carbonization. The aforementioned multiple rollers are, The crucible moves while significantly changing the angle at which it tilts, with the upper side in the direction of movement They are arranged to form a wave shape. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to the carbonization furnace of the present invention, it is easier to maintain carbonization performance even when carbonized waste such as dirt or food residue adheres to it. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] [Figure 1] This is a perspective view showing a first carbonization furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is a front view of the first carbonization furnace shown above. [Figure 3] This is a left side view of the first carbonization furnace shown above. [Figure 4] This is a perspective view showing the first carbonization furnace with its door open. [Figure 5] This is a perspective view showing the crucible of the first carbonization furnace, with (a) showing it with the lid on and (b) showing it with the lid off. [Figure 6] The above is a perspective view showing the crucible of the first carbonization furnace, where (a) is provided with multiple waste gas vents, and (b) is provided with multiple waste gas vents and multiple vertically movable covers. [Figure 7] This is a perspective view showing the crucible of the first carbonization furnace, with carbon molded plates arranged inside. [Figure 8] This is a front view showing the crucible of the first carbonization furnace, which is equipped with a vibrating section. [Figure 9] This is a schematic diagram showing a second carbonization furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] This is a schematic diagram showing a modified example of the second carbonization furnace described above. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010] The following describes embodiments for carrying out the present invention. The first carbonization furnace 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a carbonization chamber 2, a heater 3, a crucible 4, a waste gas duct 5, and a deodorizer 6, as shown in Figures 1 to 3. In Figures 2 and 3, parts or components inside the housing 1a of the carbonization furnace 1 are shown with dashed lines. Furthermore, the controller for controlling temperature setting and temperature measurement inside the carbonization chamber 2 is omitted from the illustration.

[0011] The carbonization chamber 2 has heat supply units (usually metal plates) 21 in at least a portion of its walls (left and right walls and the back wall), ceiling, or bottom (parts of the left and right walls in the diagram). The heat supply units 21 are heated from the outside, heating the inside of the carbonization chamber 2 to the carbonization temperature of the waste (for example, 400°C to 600°C). The parts of the walls, ceiling, or bottom that do not have heat supply units 21 can be constructed with a thin metal plate on the interior side and an insulating material on the outside. The carbonization chamber 2 also has waste gas inlets 22 in at least a portion of its walls, ceiling, or bottom. The waste gas inlets 22 draw in waste gas that is ejected from the crucible 4 and accumulates inside the carbonization chamber 2.

[0012] The carbonization chamber 2 has a door 23. The door 23 can have a structure where the inner side is a thin metal plate and a heat insulating member is provided on the outside thereof. As shown in FIG. 4, the door 23 can be opened to carry in and out the crucible 4 into and from the carbonization chamber 2. When the door 23 is closed, the carbonization chamber 2 can be sealed (specifically, sealed except for the waste gas port 22) and heated in a state lacking oxygen.

[0013] The heater 3 heats the carbonization chamber 2 by heating the heat supply part 21 of the carbonization chamber 2 from the outside. Specifically, the heater 3 can be such that a known string-shaped or sheet-shaped heater that generates heat by electricity is attached to the outside of the heat supply part 21.

[0014] The crucible 4 has a lid 4a as shown in FIG. 5(a). As shown in FIG. 5(b), waste such as dirt or food residues is put into the crucible 4 with the lid 4a removed (or opened). Waste plastics can also be used as the waste. The input is performed outside the carbonization furnace 1 (for example, near an accumulation container for accumulating the waste). Depending on the amount of waste to be accumulated, it is also possible to share the crucible 4 as the accumulation container. Since the crucible 4 is heated to a high temperature during the carbonization of the waste, it is very hygienic.

[0015] Among the waste, dirt includes toilet feces and used paper diapers, etc., and there are cases where they are confined in an airtight bag and accumulated in the accumulation container. In that case, when putting the waste from the accumulation container into the crucible 4, it is also possible to reduce the volume by making holes in the bag in which the dirt is confined using the lid 4a provided with a plurality of needles facing inward, and increase the amount of waste that can be put into the crucible 4. Note that it is usually difficult to share the crucible 4 with the lid 4a provided with a plurality of needles as the accumulation container as described above.

[0016] Furthermore, an example of how toilet waste can be contained in a bag is as follows: Place a coagulant at the bottom of a bag about the size of a regular garbage bag, place the bag inside the toilet bowl, and fold the top edge (opening) from the inside outwards to cover the toilet seat. After using the toilet, seal the area near the top edge of the bag with string, tape, double-sided tape, or by crimping. In this way, the waste is contained in the bag, the moisture is absorbed by the coagulant, and the odor is prevented from leaking out of the bag. The bag containing the waste can be dropped and collected in a storage container.

[0017] Crucible 4, into which the waste has been placed, is then moved into carbonization chamber 2.

[0018] Crucible 4 is a thermally conductive material, typically made of metal. When the carbonization chamber 2 is heated, crucible 4 transfers heat to its interior, causing the interior to become hot. Inside crucible 4, at high temperatures, moisture and other substances in the waste evaporate, generating waste gases (water vapor and other gases).

[0019] The lid 4a of the crucible 4 can be made movable upward due to the pressure of waste gas generated from the waste. In this case, the waste gas will be ejected out of the crucible 4 through the gap between the lid 4a and the crucible body 4b. When there is no ejection of waste gas, the lid 4a is in its normal lowered position, blocking the crucible body 4b.

[0020] The crucible 4 may also be provided with one or more waste gas vents 4c from which waste gas generated from the waste can be ejected, as shown in Figure 6(a). This is useful when the lid 4a is heavy and waste gas cannot be sufficiently ejected through the gap between the lid 4a and the crucible body 4b.

[0021] The waste gas vent hole 4c of the crucible 4 can be provided with a cover 4d. The cover 4d, as shown in Figure 6(a), can be rotated to quickly close and open the waste gas vent hole 4c.

[0022] Furthermore, the waste gas vent hole 4c of the crucible 4 may be provided with an up-and-down movable cover 4e. The up-and-down movable cover 4e allows waste gas to be ejected from the inside and closes when there is no waste gas ejection. The up-and-down movable cover 4e may be held by multiple rods (two in Figure 6(b)) fixed to the lid 4a (rods with upper stoppers) and be able to move up and down over the waste gas vent hole 4c (shown by a dashed line in Figure 6(b)).

[0023] When the temperature inside carbonization chamber 2 rises further (for example, to 400°C-600°C), the waste in crucible 4 is carbonized.

[0024] As shown in Figure 7, carbonization can also be promoted by placing a carbon molded plate 41 on the inner bottom surface of the crucible 4. The carbon molded plate 41 is formed as a single unit by firing, resulting in a dense and orderly crystalline structure throughout, and can be manufactured as follows: Approximately 5% by weight of a binder such as a phenolic adhesive, pitch, or tar is added to carbon powder of a carbonized material such as graphite or bamboo charcoal and solidified, then pressure-molded into a predetermined mass (for example, a rectangular shape). Then, it is heated in an oxygen-deficient state and fired at approximately 2000-3000°C. In this state, the carbon powder raw materials bond together and crystallize (graphitize, shape carbonize). Note that the phenolic component, pitch, or tar volatilizes at approximately 1200°C during the heating process. After that, heating is stopped, the temperature is lowered, and then it is processed into the shape of the carbon molded plate 41. Since the binder has volatilized, this carbon molded plate 41 is almost 100% (99% or more) carbon material. The carbon molded plate 41 emits a large amount of far-infrared radiation in a quantity corresponding to the temperature of the crucible 4, thereby energizing the waste and promoting carbonization.

[0025] Furthermore, carbonization can be promoted by providing a vibrating unit 8 at the bottom of the carbonization chamber 2, as shown in Figure 8, which vibrates the crucible 4 into which it is brought. When the waste is subjected to vibration during carbonization, its shape is disrupted, which makes it easier for the inside to be carbonized.

[0026] Once carbonization is complete, the crucible 4 is cooled by cooling the inside of the carbonization chamber 2, or by opening the door 23 of the carbonization chamber 2 and removing the crucible 4. When cooling the crucible 4, it is preferable to keep the carbonized material (carbonized waste) inside from coming into contact with air as little as possible at temperatures where it could ignite (for example, temperatures higher than 250°C to 300°C). If the lid 4a is movable upward due to the pressure of waste gas generated from the waste (there is no waste gas vent hole 4c), or if there is a waste gas vent hole 4c and a vertically movable cover lid 4e, then during cooling, the lid 4a or the vertically movable cover lid 4e is lowered and the charred material inside the crucible 4 does not come into contact with the air. However, if there is a waste gas vent hole 4c but no vertically movable cover lid 4e, then it is possible to wait for a relatively long time for the crucible 4 to cool naturally inside the carbonization chamber 2, or to open the door 23 to cool rapidly and close the waste gas vent hole 4c with the cover lid 4d.

[0027] Remove the crucible 4 from the carbonization chamber 2, and once the crucible 4 has cooled sufficiently, remove (or open) the lid 4a and scrape out the carbonized material (carbonized waste) from the crucible 4 into a designated location (or container) for accumulation.

[0028] The waste gas duct 5 is connected to the waste gas outlet 22 of the carbonization chamber 2 and passes the waste gas ejected from the crucible 4 through it.

[0029] The deodorizer 6 deodorizes the waste gas from the waste gas duct 5 and discharges it through the exhaust duct 7. The deodorizer 6 can use a porous molecular sieve that is heated and deodorized by a catalyst.

[0030] In the carbonization furnace 1 described above, waste is not carbonized outside the crucible 4, and the carbonized material inside the crucible 4 can be easily scraped out, making it easier to maintain carbonization performance against the adhesion of carbonized material. Through carbonization inside the crucible 4, waste such as sewage or food residue is converted into carbonized material, and the weight can be reduced to, for example, about 10%. Furthermore, since the carbonization furnace 1 can use electricity for the heater 3, it is easy to install in commercial areas, residential areas, disaster areas, remote areas, or on ships.

[0031] Next, a second carbonization furnace 1' according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. As shown in Figure 9, this carbonization furnace 1' comprises a carbonization chamber 2', a heater 3', a crucible 4', a waste gas duct 5', and a deodorizer 6'. Note that controllers for temperature setting and temperature measurement inside the carbonization chamber 2' are not shown in the figure.

[0032] The carbonization chamber 2' has a heat supply section 21' at its bottom. The heat supply section 21' is the gap between the multiple rollers 9, which will be described later. If the multiple rollers 9 are made of metal, the multiple rollers 9 also become part of the heat supply section 21'. The heat supply section 21' is heated from the outside (i.e., from below), heating the inside of the carbonization chamber 2' to the carbonization temperature of the waste (for example, 400°C to 600°C). The walls and ceiling of the carbonization chamber 2' can be constructed with a thin metal plate on the inside and an insulating material on the outside. The carbonization chamber 2' also has a waste gas inlet 22' in part of the ceiling. The waste gas inlet 22' draws in waste gas that has been ejected from the crucible 4' and accumulated inside the carbonization chamber 2'.

[0033] The carbonization chamber 2' has two doors 23A and 23B for loading and unloading the crucible 4'. Doors 23A and 23B can have a structure in which a thin metal plate is placed on the interior side and an insulating material is placed on the exterior side.

[0034] The heater 3' heats the carbonization chamber 2' by heating the heat supply unit 21' of the carbonization chamber 2' from the outside (i.e., from below). Specifically, the heater 3' can burn gas to heat air and supply the heated air to the heat supply unit 21'.

[0035] Crucible 4' has the same structure and function as crucible 4 described above. Crucible 4', into which the waste has been placed, is placed on several rollers 9, and the door 23A for loading is opened and it is loaded into the carbonization chamber 2'. During carbonization, the two doors 23A and 23B are closed. Once carbonization is complete, the door 23B for unloading is opened and the crucible is unloaded from the carbonization chamber 2'.

[0036] Furthermore, in order to promote carbonization, the multiple rollers 9, which are spaced apart from each other, can be used as a substitute for the vibrating part 8 in the carbonization furnace 1. That is, the multiple rollers 9 rotate continuously or intermittently to vibrate the crucible 4' during carbonization. As a result, the crucible 4' moves up and down over the multiple rollers 9, and vibrations are applied to the crucible 4'. If the carbonization chamber 2' is relatively large, the multiple rollers 9 can be rotated slowly so that the crucible 4' moves slowly from the loading door 23A to the unloading door 23B. If the carbonization chamber 2' is relatively small, the multiple rollers 9 can be rotated in both forward and reverse directions so that the crucible 4' moves from the loading door 23A to the unloading door 23B or vice versa.

[0037] Furthermore, to make the waste more prone to losing its shape during carbonization, multiple rollers 9 can be arranged to form a wave shape, as shown in Figure 10. This causes the crucible 4' to move while significantly changing its tilt angle, making it easier for the waste to lose its shape during carbonization.

[0038] Once removed from the carbonization chamber 2', the crucible 4' is cooled, and then the carbonized material (carbonized waste) is scraped out in the same manner as in the case of crucible 4 described above.

[0039] The waste gas duct 5' has the same structure and function as the waste gas duct 5 described above. The deodorizer 6' has the same structure and function as the deodorizer 6 described above. The exhaust duct 7' has the same structure and function as the exhaust duct 7 described above.

[0040] In the carbonization furnace 1' described above, similar to carbonization furnace 1, waste is not carbonized outside of crucible 4', and the carbonized material inside crucible 4' can be easily scraped out, making it easier to maintain carbonization performance against the adhesion of carbonized material. Through carbonization inside crucible 4', waste such as sewage or food residue is converted into carbonized material, and the weight can be reduced to, for example, about 10%.

[0041] Although a carbonization furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to those described in the embodiments, and various design modifications are possible within the scope of the claims. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0042] 1, 1' Carbonization furnace 1a Enclosure of the carbonization furnace 2, 2' Carbonization Chamber 21, 21´ Heat supply section 22, 22' Waste gas outlet Doors 23, 23A, and 23B 23a Opening and closing ventilation holes 3, 3´ heater 4, 4´ crucible 4a lid 4b Crucible body 4c Waste gas vent hole 4d cover 4e Up and down movable cover 41 Carbon Molded Sheet 5, 5' Waste gas duct 6, 6' Deodorizer 7, 7' Exhaust duct 8. Vibration section 9 Laura

Claims

1. A carbonization chamber having a heat supply unit and a waste gas inlet, A heater that heats the inside of the carbonization chamber by supplying heat from the outside to the heat supply unit, A crucible with a lid that has thermal conductivity and into which waste is placed and transported into the carbonization chamber, A waste gas duct connected to the waste gas inlet and through which waste gas generated from the waste in the crucible passes, A deodorizer that deodorizes and discharges the waste gas from the waste gas duct, Equipped with, The lid of the crucible is provided with a plurality of waste gas vents that allow waste gas generated from the waste inside the crucible to be ejected. The waste gas vent hole of the crucible is provided with a vertically movable cover that is held by multiple rods and is movable upward over the waste gas vent hole by the pressure of the waste gas, allowing the waste gas generated from the waste to be ejected and closing when there is no ejection of waste gas. The carbonization furnace has a vertically movable cover that can be moved upward even at temperatures below 400°C, allowing for the ejection of the waste gas.

2. A carbonization chamber having a heat supply unit and a waste gas inlet, A heater that heats the inside of the carbonization chamber by supplying heat from the outside to the heat supply unit, A crucible with a lid that has thermal conductivity and into which waste is placed and transported into the carbonization chamber, A waste gas duct connected to the waste gas inlet and through which waste gas generated from the waste in the crucible passes, A deodorizer that deodorizes and discharges the waste gas from the waste gas duct, Equipped with, At the bottom of the carbonization chamber, there are several rollers spaced apart from each other for transporting the crucible that has been brought in, and these rollers rotate continuously or intermittently to vibrate the crucible during carbonization. A carbonization furnace in which the plurality of rollers are arranged such that their upper sides form a wave shape in the direction of movement, so as the crucible moves while significantly changing the angle at which it tilts.

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