Apparatus and method for managing battery

Abstract

An apparatus for managing a battery according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a measured full-cell profile showing the relationship between the voltage and capacity of the battery; a profile determination unit configured to adjust a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile so that the electrode profiles correspond to the measured full-cell profile or a plurality of sections of the measured full-cell profile, and to generate an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile according to the adjustment results; and a control unit configured to determine a diagnostic factor for the battery from at least one of the adjusted positive electrode profile or the adjusted negative electrode profile.

Description

Battery management device and method

[0001] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application Nos. 10-2022-0185033 and 10-2022-0185081, filed on December 26, 2022, Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0187182, filed on December 28, 2022, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0121415, filed on September 12, 2023, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0002] The present invention relates to a battery management device and method, and more particularly, to a battery management device and method for estimating a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile for a battery.

[0003] Recently, as the demand for portable electronic products such as laptops, video cameras, and mobile phones has rapidly increased, and the development of electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, robots, and satellites has been in full swing, research into high-performance batteries capable of repeated charging and discharging is actively being conducted.

[0004] Currently commercialized batteries include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, and lithium batteries. Among these, lithium batteries are receiving attention for their advantages of being able to charge and discharge freely, having a very low self-discharge rate, and having a high energy density, as they have almost no memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries.

[0005] While extensive research is being conducted on these batteries to improve capacity and density, improving lifespan and safety is also crucial. To improve battery safety, the current condition of the battery must be accurately diagnosed.

[0006] To most accurately diagnose a battery's current condition, the battery's anode and cathode profiles must be obtained and analyzed. However, since disassembly and assembly of manufactured batteries are virtually impossible, direct measurement of these profiles is impossible. Therefore, to more accurately diagnose a battery's condition, a technology is required that accurately estimates the corresponding anode and cathode profiles.

[0007] The present invention has been devised to solve the above problems, and aims to provide a battery management device and method capable of accurately estimating a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile corresponding to a battery.

[0008] Other objects and advantages of the present invention can be understood through the following description and will be more clearly understood through the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, it will be readily apparent that the objects and advantages of the present invention can be realized by the means and combinations thereof set forth in the claims.

[0009] A battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention may include a profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a measurement full-cell profile indicating a correspondence between a voltage and a capacity of a battery; a profile determination unit configured to adjust a preset reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile to correspond to the measurement full-cell profile or a plurality of sections of the measurement full-cell profile, and to generate an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile according to an adjustment result; and a control unit configured to determine a diagnostic factor for the battery from at least one of the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile.

[0010] The above profile acquisition unit may be configured to further acquire a full-cell differential profile corresponding to the measured full-cell profile and indicating a correspondence relationship between the capacity and the differential voltage.

[0011] The above profile determination unit may be configured to divide the measured full-cell profile into the plurality of sections based on at least one of the plurality of peaks included in the full-cell differential profile.

[0012] The above profile determination unit may be configured to divide the measured full-cell profile into the plurality of sections based on the capacities of the plurality of peaks included in the full-cell differential profile.

[0013] The above profile determination unit may be configured to adjust the reference anode profile and the reference cathode profile to correspond to each of the plurality of sections, thereby generating the adjusted anode profile and the adjusted cathode profile corresponding to each of the plurality of sections.

[0014] The above profile determination unit may be configured to generate a plurality of adjusted positive profiles such that the end point of the adjusted positive profile for the previous section is the same as the start point of the adjusted positive profile for the next section, and to generate a plurality of adjusted negative profiles such that the end point of the adjusted negative profile for the previous section is the same as the start point of the adjusted negative profile for the next section.

[0015] The above profile determination unit may be configured to divide the measured full-cell profile into the plurality of sections based on a plurality of reference peaks included in the full-cell differential profile.

[0016] The above profile determination unit may be configured to set a weight for each of the plurality of sections, and adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile based on the weight so as to correspond to the measured full cell profile.

[0017] The above profile determination unit may be configured to set a weight for a target section including at least one of a plurality of target peaks included in the full-cell differential profile to be greater than the weights for the remaining sections.

[0018] The above profile determination unit may be configured to generate a comparison full-cell profile based on the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile, and to adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the error rate between the comparison full-cell profile and the measured full-cell profile decreases as the set weight increases.

[0019] The above profile acquisition unit may be configured to acquire at least one of an anode differential profile corresponding to the reference anode profile and a cathode differential profile corresponding to the reference cathode profile as an electrode differential profile.

[0020] The above profile determination unit may be configured to divide the corresponding reference electrode profile among the reference anode profile and the reference cathode profile into a plurality of electrode sections based on at least one of the plurality of electrode peaks included in the electrode differential profile, and to adjust the reference anode profile and the reference cathode profile to correspond to the measured full-cell profile while adjusting each of the plurality of electrode sections.

[0021] The above profile determination unit may be configured to independently adjust each of the plurality of electrode sections.

[0022] The above profile determination unit may be configured to divide the reference anode profile into a plurality of anode sections based on at least one of a plurality of anode peaks included in the anode differential profile, when the anode differential profile is included in the electrode differential profile.

[0023] The above profile determination unit may be configured to divide the reference cathode profile into a plurality of cathode sections based on at least one of a plurality of cathode peaks included in the cathode differential profile, when the cathode differential profile is included in the electrode differential profile.

[0024] A battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention may include a battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention.

[0025] A vehicle according to another aspect of the present invention may include a battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention.

[0026] A battery management method according to another aspect of the present invention may include a profile acquisition step of acquiring a measurement full-cell profile indicating a correspondence between a voltage and a capacity of a battery; a profile adjustment step of adjusting a preset reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile to correspond to the measurement full-cell profile or a plurality of sections of the measurement full-cell profile; a profile generation step of generating an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile according to an adjustment result; and a factor determination step of determining a diagnostic factor for the battery from at least one of the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile.

[0027] According to one aspect of the present invention, the battery management device has an advantage in that it can estimate the positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of a battery that cannot be directly measured by adjusting the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile.

[0028] Additionally, since the battery management device can determine diagnostic factors indicating the current state of the battery, the current state of the battery can be diagnosed based on the diagnostic factors. In other words, the battery management device has the advantage of being able to determine diagnostic factors that can diagnose the current state of the battery in a non-destructive manner.

[0029] The effects of the present invention are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the claims.

[0030] The following drawings attached to this specification serve to further understand the technical idea of ​​the present invention together with the detailed description of the invention described below, and therefore the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to the matters described in such drawings.

[0031] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery management device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] FIG. 2 is a drawing illustrating a measurement full cell profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a reference positive electrode profile, a reference negative electrode profile, and a reference full cell profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a measurement full-cell profile and a reference full-cell profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a reference full-cell profile and a comparison full-cell profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] FIG. 6 is a drawing illustrating a full-cell differential profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] FIG. 7 is a drawing illustrating a measurement full cell profile and multiple sections according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a measurement full-cell profile and a first comparison full-cell profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] FIG. 9 is a drawing illustrating a full-cell differential profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] FIG. 10 is a drawing illustrating a measurement full cell profile and multiple sections according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a measurement full-cell profile and a second comparison full-cell profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] FIG. 12 is a drawing illustrating a bipolar differential profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] FIG. 13 is a drawing illustrating a cathode differential profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] FIG. 14 is a drawing illustrating a reference anode profile and a reference cathode profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a measurement full-cell profile and a third comparison full-cell profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] FIG. 16 is a drawing illustrating an exemplary configuration of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] FIG. 17 is a schematic drawing of a vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] FIG. 18 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Terms or words used in this specification and claims should not be interpreted as limited to their usual or dictionary meanings, but should be interpreted as meanings and concepts that conform to the technical idea of ​​the present invention, based on the principle that the inventor can appropriately define the concept of the term to explain his or her own invention in the best way.

[0050] Accordingly, the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations illustrated in the drawings are merely the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent all of the technical ideas of the present invention. Therefore, it should be understood that there may be various equivalents and modified examples that can replace them at the time of filing this application.

[0051] In addition, when describing the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known configuration or function may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description is omitted.

[0052] Terms that include ordinal numbers, such as first, second, etc., are used to distinguish one of the various components from the rest, and are not used to limit the components by such terms.

[0053] Throughout the specification, whenever a part is said to "include" a component, this does not mean that it excludes other components, but rather that it may include other components, unless otherwise stated.

[0054] Additionally, throughout the specification, when a part is said to be "connected" to another part, this includes not only cases where it is "directly connected" but also cases where it is "indirectly connected" with other elements in between.

[0055]

[0056] Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

[0057] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery management device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Referring to FIG. 1, the battery management device (100) may include a profile acquisition unit (110), a profile determination unit (120), and a control unit (130).

[0059] Here, a battery refers to a physically separate, independent cell having a negative terminal and a positive terminal. For example, a lithium-ion battery or a lithium polymer battery may be considered a battery. Furthermore, the battery may be of a cylindrical type, a prismatic type, or a pouch type. Furthermore, a battery may also refer to a battery bank, a battery module, or a battery pack in which multiple cells are connected in series and / or parallel. For convenience of explanation, the term "battery" will be described herein below as referring to a single, independent cell.

[0060] The profile acquisition unit (110) can be configured to acquire a measurement full cell profile (M) indicating a correspondence between the voltage and capacity of the battery.

[0061] Specifically, the measured full cell profile (M) is a profile that represents the correspondence between voltage (V) and capacity (Q) when the SOC of the battery is charged from 0% to 100%.

[0062] For example, there is no specific limitation on the C-rate in charge or discharge for generating a measured full-cell profile (M). However, preferably, the battery should be charged or discharged at a low rate to obtain a more accurate measured full-cell profile (M) and full-cell differential profile (D). For example, the measured full-cell profile (M) can be generated during the process of charging or discharging the battery at 0.05 C.

[0063] For example, the profile acquisition unit (110) can directly receive the measured full-cell profile (M) of the battery from the outside. That is, the profile acquisition unit (110) can acquire the measured full-cell profile (M) by receiving the measured full-cell profile (M) through a wired and / or wireless connection to the outside.

[0064] As another example, the profile acquisition unit (110) can receive battery information regarding the voltage and capacity of the battery. Furthermore, the profile acquisition unit (110) can acquire the measured full-cell profile (M) by generating a measured full-cell profile (M) based on the received battery information.

[0065] FIG. 2 is a drawing illustrating a measurement full cell profile (M) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, the measured full cell profile (M) can be expressed as a two-dimensional XY graph in which the X-axis is set to capacity [Ah] and the Y-axis is set to voltage [V].

[0067] The profile acquisition unit (110) may be connected to the control unit (130) so as to be able to communicate with it. For example, the profile acquisition unit (110) may be connected to the control unit (130) by wire and / or wirelessly. The profile acquisition unit (110) may transmit the acquired measured full-cell profile (M) to the profile determination unit (120).

[0068] The profile determination unit (120) can be configured to adjust the preset reference positive profile (Rp) and reference negative profile (Rn) to correspond to the measurement full cell profile (M) or multiple sections of the measurement full cell profile (M).

[0069] Here, the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) may be a profile indicating a correspondence between the capacity and voltage of a reference positive electrode cell preset to correspond to the positive electrode of the battery. For example, the reference positive electrode cell may be a positive coin half cell or a positive electrode of a three-electrode cell. And, the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) may be a profile indicating a correspondence between the capacity and voltage of a reference negative electrode cell preset to correspond to the negative electrode of the battery. For example, the reference negative electrode cell may be a negative coin half cell or a negative electrode of a three-electrode cell.

[0070] Specifically, the profile determination unit (120) can determine whether the measured full-cell profile (M) is divided into a plurality of sections according to a predetermined capacity criterion. For example, the profile determination unit (120) can determine whether the entire capacity section of the measured full-cell profile (M) is divided into a plurality of sections. As a specific example, the profile determination unit (120) can determine whether the measured full-cell profile (M) is divided into a plurality of sections according to a first capacity criterion (see FIGS. 6 and 7) or a second capacity criterion (see FIGS. 9 and 10).

[0071] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a reference positive electrode profile (Rp), a reference negative electrode profile (Rn), and a reference full cell profile (R) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0072] In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the positive electrode participation start point is pi0 and the positive electrode participation end point is pf0 in the reference positive electrode profile (Rp). The negative electrode participation start point is ni0 and the negative electrode participation end point is nf0 in the reference negative electrode profile (Rn). The reference full-cell profile (R) can be expressed as the difference between the positive electrode potential of the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the negative electrode potential of the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) as a reference for the same capacity.

[0073] Specifically, depending on whether the measurement full-cell profile (M) is distinguished, the adjustment targets of the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) may be different for the entire section of the measurement full-cell profile (M) or for each section of the measurement full-cell profile (M).

[0074] For example, if the measurement full-cell profile (M) is not divided into multiple sections, the profile determination unit (120) can adjust the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) so as to correspond to the entire section of the measurement full-cell profile (M). Here, one adjustment result for the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) can be derived.

[0075] Specifically, the profile determination unit (120) can generate a plurality of comparison full-cell profiles (S) by shifting or capacity scaling a reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and a reference negative electrode profile (Rn), and can specify a comparison full-cell profile (S) among the plurality of comparison full-cell profiles (S) that has a minimum error with respect to a measured full-cell profile (M). In addition, an adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp') and an adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn') corresponding to the specified comparison full-cell profile (S) can be determined.

[0076] As another example, when the measured full-cell profile (M) is divided into multiple sections, the profile determination unit (120) can adjust the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn) to correspond to each section of the measured full-cell profile (M). If the measured full-cell profile (M) is divided into n sections (where n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2), the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn) can be adjusted to correspond to each of the n sections. That is, one (see FIG. 11) or n (see FIG. 8) adjustment results for the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn) can be derived.

[0077] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a measurement full-cell profile (M) and a reference full-cell profile (R) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0078] In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the reference full-cell profile (R) and the measured full-cell profile (M) may be different so as not to correspond to each other. For example, the voltage ranges of the measured full-cell profile (M) and the reference full-cell profile (R) are the same, 3.0 [V] to 4.0 [V], but the capacity range of the measured full-cell profile (M) may be 5 [Ah] to 45 [Ah], whereas the capacity range of the reference full-cell profile (R) may be 5 [Ah] to 50 [Ah]. Since the reference full-cell profile (R) and the measured full-cell profile (M) are different from each other, the profile determination unit (120) may adjust the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) to correspond to the measured full-cell profile (M).

[0079] The profile determination unit (120) can be configured to generate an adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp') and an adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn') according to the adjustment result.

[0080] Specifically, the adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp') is the result of adjusting the reference positive electrode profile (Rp), and the adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn') is the result of adjusting the reference negative electrode profile (Rn). That is, the comparative full-cell profile (S) is specified based on the results of adjusting the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn), and the basis of the comparative full-cell profile (S) is the adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp') and the adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn'). Therefore, the adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp') and the adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn') can be strongly estimated as the positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of the battery.

[0081] FIG. 5 is a drawing illustrating a reference full-cell profile (R) and a comparison full-cell profile (S) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0082] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 5, the reference positive profile (Rp) can be adjusted to the adjusted positive profile (Rp'), and the reference negative profile (Rn) can be adjusted to the adjusted negative profile (Rn'). That is, the reference full-cell profile (R) can be adjusted to the comparison full-cell profile (S). Specifically, the positive participation start point (pi0) of the reference positive profile (Rp) can be adjusted to the positive participation start point (pi) of the adjusted positive profile (Rp'), and the positive participation end point (pf0) of the reference positive profile (Rp) can be adjusted to the positive participation end point (pf) of the adjusted positive profile (Rp'). The negative participation start point (ni0) of the reference negative profile (Rn) can be adjusted to the negative participation start point (ni) of the adjusted negative profile (Rn'), and the negative participation end point (nf0) of the reference negative profile (Rn) can be adjusted to the negative participation end point (nf) of the adjusted negative profile (Rn').

[0083] The control unit (130) may be configured to determine a diagnostic factor for the battery from at least one of the adjusted positive profile (Rp') and the adjusted negative profile (Rn').

[0084] Specifically, the diagnostic factor may include at least one of a positive factor and a negative factor. That is, the control unit (130) may be configured to determine a positive factor for the battery from the adjusted positive profile (Rp'). Additionally, the control unit (130) may be configured to determine a negative factor for the battery from the adjusted negative profile (Rn').

[0085] For example, the bipolar factors may include the bipolar engagement start point (pi), the bipolar engagement end point (pf), and the bipolar change rate (ps).

[0086] The anode participation start point (pi) is the starting point of the adjusted anode profile (Rp'). For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 5, the anode participation start point (pi) is a point corresponding to a capacity of 5 [Ah] in the adjusted anode profile (Rp').

[0087] The positive electrode participation end point (pf) is the end point of the adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp'). For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 5, the positive electrode participation end point (pf) is a point corresponding to a capacity of 45 [Ah] in the adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp').

[0088] The anode change ratio (ps) may refer to the change ratio [%] of the adjusted anode profile (Rp') with respect to the reference anode profile (Rp). Specifically, the anode change ratio (ps) may be a contraction ratio or expansion ratio of the adjusted anode profile (Rp') with respect to the reference anode profile (Rp). For example, if the adjusted anode profile (Rp') is contracted by 10% from the reference anode profile (Rp), the anode change ratio (ps) is 90%. Conversely, if the adjusted anode profile (Rp') is expanded by 10% from the reference anode profile (Rp), the anode change ratio (ps) is 110%.

[0089] As another example, the negative factors may include the negative engagement start point (ni), the negative engagement end point (nf), and the negative change rate (ns).

[0090] The negative engagement initiation point (ni) is the starting point of the adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn'). For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 5, the negative engagement initiation point (ni) is a point corresponding to a capacity of 5 [Ah] in the adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn').

[0091] The negative participation end point (nf) is the end point of the adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn'). For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 5, the negative participation end point (nf) is a point corresponding to a capacity of 45 [Ah] in the adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn').

[0092] The cathode change ratio (ns) may refer to a change ratio [%] of the adjusted cathode profile (Rn') with respect to the reference cathode profile (Rn). Specifically, the cathode change ratio (ns) may be a shrinkage ratio or an expansion ratio of the adjusted cathode profile (Rn') with respect to the reference cathode profile (Rn). For example, if the adjusted cathode profile (Rn') is contracted by 10% from the reference cathode profile (Rn), the cathode change ratio (ns) is 90%. Conversely, if the adjusted cathode profile (Rn') is expanded by 10% from the reference cathode profile (Rn), the cathode change ratio (ns) is 110%.

[0093] The battery management device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention has the advantage of being able to estimate the positive and negative profiles of a battery, which cannot be directly measured, by adjusting the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn). In addition, since the battery management device (100) can determine diagnostic factors indicating the current state of the battery, the current state of the battery can be diagnosed based on the diagnostic factors. In other words, the battery management device (100) has the advantage of being able to determine diagnostic factors that can diagnose the current state of the battery in a non-destructive manner.

[0094]

[0095] For example, it is assumed that the control unit (130) determines the positive charge change ratio (ps) as a diagnostic factor. The control unit (130) can compare the determined positive charge change ratio (ps) with a preset reference ratio for the battery. Then, the control unit (130) can diagnose the condition of the battery based on the ratio difference between the positive charge change ratio (ps) and the reference ratio. If the calculated ratio difference is greater than or equal to a threshold value, the control unit (130) can diagnose the condition of the battery as an abnormal or deteriorated state. Conversely, if the ratio difference is less than the threshold value, the control unit (130) can diagnose the condition of the battery as a normal state.

[0096] As another example, assume that the control unit (130) determines the positive electrode change ratio (ps) for multiple batteries as a diagnostic factor. By comparing the magnitude of the determined positive electrode change ratios (ps), the control unit (130) can diagnose the relative deterioration of the multiple batteries. For example, the control unit (130) can diagnose that the larger the determined positive electrode change ratio (ps), the more deteriorated the battery is.

[0097] In the above, an embodiment in which the control unit (130) diagnoses the state of the battery using the polarity change rate (ps) has been described, but it should be noted that the state of the battery can be diagnosed based on at least one of the diagnostic factors.

[0098] Additionally, the control unit (130) may diagnose the condition of the battery by synthesizing the diagnostic results for multiple diagnostic factors. For example, the control unit (130) may diagnose the condition of the battery based on a majority of the diagnostic results for multiple diagnostic factors.

[0099]

[0100] Meanwhile, the control unit (130) provided in the battery management device (100) may optionally include a processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, a logic circuit, a register, a communication modem, a data processing device, etc. known in the art to execute various control logics performed in the present invention. In addition, when the control logic is implemented in software, the control unit (130) may be implemented as a set of program modules. At this time, the program modules may be stored in a memory and executed by the control unit (130). The memory may be located inside or outside the control unit (130) and may be connected to the control unit (130) by various well-known means.

[0101] In addition, the battery management device (100) may further include a storage unit (140). The storage unit (140) may store data or programs required for each component of the battery management device (100) to perform operations and functions, or data generated in the process of performing operations and functions. The storage unit (140) is not particularly limited in type as long as it is a known information storage means known to be capable of recording, erasing, updating, and reading data. As an example, the information storage means may include RAM, flash memory, ROM, EEPROM, registers, etc. In addition, the storage unit (140) may store program codes defining processes executable by the control unit (130).

[0102] For example, the storage unit (140) may store a reference positive electrode profile (Rp), a reference negative electrode profile (Rn), a reference full-cell profile (R), a measurement full-cell profile (M), an adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp'), an adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn'), a comparison full-cell profile (S), a positive electrode factor, and a negative electrode factor.

[0103]

[0104] Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8, a first embodiment in which the profile determination unit (120) adjusts the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) will be specifically described.

[0105] Specifically, Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating a full-cell differential profile (D) according to one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating a measured full-cell profile (M) and a plurality of sections according to one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating a measured full-cell profile (M) and a first comparison full-cell profile (S1) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0106] The profile acquisition unit (110) may be configured to further acquire a full-cell differential profile (D) corresponding to the measured full-cell profile (M) and indicating a correspondence relationship between the capacity and differential voltage.

[0107] Specifically, the full-cell differential profile (D) is a profile obtained by differentiating the measured full-cell profile (M) with respect to the capacity. In other words, the full-cell differential profile (D) is a profile that represents the correspondence between the capacity and the differential voltage. Here, the differential voltage is a value obtained by differentiating the voltage (V) with respect to the capacity (Q), and can be expressed as "dV / dQ."

[0108] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 6, the full-cell differential profile (D) can be expressed as a two-dimensional XY graph in which the X-axis is set to capacity [Ah] and the Y-axis is set to differential voltage [dV / dQ].

[0109] For example, the profile acquisition unit (110) can directly receive the full-cell differential profile (D) of the battery from the outside. That is, the profile acquisition unit (110) can acquire the full-cell differential profile (D) by being connected to the outside via wire and / or wirelessly and receiving the full-cell differential profile (D).

[0110] As another example, the profile acquisition unit (110) can generate a full-cell differential profile (D) based on a received measured full-cell profile (M) or a directly generated measured full-cell profile (M). That is, the profile acquisition unit (110) can acquire a full-cell differential profile (D) by directly generating a full-cell differential profile (D) by differentiating the measured full-cell profile (M) with respect to capacity.

[0111] The profile acquisition unit (110) can transmit the acquired full-cell differential profile (D) to the profile determination unit (120).

[0112] The profile determination unit (120) may be configured to divide the measured full-cell profile (M) into a plurality of sections based on at least one of a plurality of peaks included in the full-cell differential profile (D).

[0113] Specifically, a peak refers to a point corresponding to an inflection point of a measured full-cell profile (M). In other words, a peak refers to a point in a full-cell differential profile (D) where the instantaneous rate of change of the differential voltage with respect to capacity is zero. For example, the maximum and minimum points of a full-cell differential profile (D) can be determined as peaks.

[0114] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 6, the profile determination unit (120) can determine first to seventh peaks (p1 to p7) in the full-cell differential profile (D). Here, the first peak (p1), the third peak (p3), the fifth peak (p5), and the seventh peak (p7) are peaks corresponding to local minimums of the full-cell differential profile (D), and the second peak (p2), the fourth peak (p4), and the sixth peak (p6) are peaks corresponding to local maximums of the full-cell differential profile (D).

[0115] Specifically, the profile determination unit (120) can be configured to divide the measured full-cell profile (M) into a plurality of sections based on the capacities of a plurality of peaks included in the full-cell differential profile (D).

[0116] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 7, the profile determination unit (120) can divide the measured full-cell profile (M) into first to eighth sections (R1 to R8) according to a plurality of capacities (Q1 to Q7) corresponding to the first to seventh peaks (p1 to p7). Here, the first section (R1) is a capacity section of 0 [Ah] to Q1, the second section (R2) is a capacity section of Q1 to Q2, and the third section (R3) is a capacity section of Q2 to Q3. The fourth section (R4) is a capacity section of Q3 to Q4, the fifth section (R5) is a capacity section of Q4 to Q5, and the sixth section (R6) is a capacity section of Q5 to Q6. The seventh section (R7) is a capacity section of Q6 to Q7, and the eighth section (R8) is a capacity section of Q7 to 45 [Ah].

[0117] In addition, the profile determination unit (120) may be configured to adjust the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn) to correspond to each of the plurality of sections. That is, the profile determination unit (120) may be configured to generate an adjusted positive profile and an adjusted negative profile corresponding to each of the plurality of sections.

[0118] Specifically, the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) can be adjusted to correspond to each section of the measurement full cell profile (M).

[0119] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 7, the profile determination unit (120) can adjust the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) for the first section (R1) of the measured full-cell profile (M). Specifically, among the plurality of comparison full-cell profiles generated by the profile determination unit (120), a comparison full-cell profile that is most similar (e.g., has a small error) to the measured full-cell profile (M) in the first section (R1) can be specified. Then, the profile determination unit (120) can determine a first adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp1') and a first adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn1') corresponding to the specified comparison full-cell profile.

[0120] In the same manner, the profile determination unit (120) can determine the second to eighth adjusted positive electrode profiles (Rp2' to Rp8') and the second to eighth adjusted negative electrode profiles (Rn2' to Rn8') for each of the second to eighth sections (R2 to R8) of the measured full cell profile (M).

[0121] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 8, a first adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp1') and a first adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn1') corresponding to a first section (R1) may be determined, a second adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp2') and a second adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn2') corresponding to a second section (R2) may be determined. A third adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp3') and a third adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn3') corresponding to a third section (R3) may be determined, and a fourth adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp4') and a fourth adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn4') corresponding to a fourth section (R4) may be determined. A fifth adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp5') and a fifth adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn5') corresponding to a fifth section (R5) may be determined, and a sixth adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp6') and a sixth adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn6') corresponding to a sixth section (R6) may be determined. A seventh adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp7') and a seventh adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn7') corresponding to the seventh section (R7) may be determined, and an eighth adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp8') and an eighth adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn8') corresponding to the eighth section (R8) may be determined.

[0122] The control unit (130) can determine a positive factor in each of a plurality of adjusted positive profiles (Rp1' to Rp8') and a negative factor in each of a plurality of adjusted negative profiles (Rn1' to Rn8'). Then, the control unit (130) can diagnose a positive state of the battery in a corresponding section based on each of the determined positive factors. In addition, the control unit (130) can diagnose a negative state of the battery in a corresponding section based on each of the determined negative factors.

[0123] In the embodiment of FIG. 8, the control unit (130) can determine the positive participation start points (pi1 to pi8), positive participation end points (pf1 to pf8), and positive change ratios (ps1 to ps8) of the first to eighth adjusted positive profiles (Rp1' to Rp8'). Similarly, the control unit (130) can determine the negative participation start points (ni1 to ni8), negative participation end points (nf1 to nf8), and negative change ratios (ns1 to ns8) of the first to eighth adjusted negative profiles (Rn1' to Rn8').

[0124] For example, the control unit (130) can determine the degree of anode degradation of each of the first to eighth sections (R1 to R8) by considering a plurality of anode change ratios (ps1 to ps8). Specifically, the control unit (130) can determine the degree of anode degradation of each of the first to eighth sections (R1 to R8) based on the anode change ratio in each of the first to eighth sections (R1 to R8). Accordingly, the control unit (130) can determine the section with the most anode degradation among the first to eighth sections (R1 to R8).

[0125] As another example, the control unit (130) can determine the degree of cathode degradation of each of the first to eighth sections (R1 to R8) by considering a plurality of cathode change ratios (ns1 to ns8). Specifically, the control unit (130) can determine the cathode change ratio of each of the first to eighth sections (R1 to R8) as the degree of cathode degradation in the corresponding section. Accordingly, the control unit (130) can determine the section with the most cathode degradation among the first to eighth sections (R1 to R8).

[0126] In the embodiment of FIG. 8, the profile determination unit (120) can determine a first comparison full-cell profile (S1) corresponding to the measured full-cell profile (M) based on the first to eighth adjusted positive electrode profiles (Rp1' to Rp8') and the first to eighth adjusted negative electrode profiles (Rn1' to Rn8'). The control unit (130) can determine the positive electrode participation start point of the battery as pi1 and the positive electrode participation end point as pf8. In addition, the control unit (130) can determine the negative electrode participation start point of the battery as ni1 and the negative electrode participation end point as nf8.

[0127] Preferably, the profile determination unit (120) may be configured to generate a plurality of adjusted positive profiles (Rp1' to Rp8') such that the end point of the adjusted positive profile (Rp') for the immediately preceding section is the same as the start point of the adjusted positive profile (Rp') for the next section. Similarly, the profile determination unit (120) may be configured to generate a plurality of adjusted negative profiles (Rn1' to Rn8') such that the end point of the adjusted negative profile (Rn') for the immediately preceding section is the same as the start point of the adjusted negative profile (Rn') for the next section.

[0128] Specifically, since the plurality of regulated positive electrode profiles (Rp1' to Rp8') are determined as the regulated positive electrode profile (Rp') of the battery as a whole, the plurality of regulated positive electrode profiles (Rp1' to Rp8') must be continuous. Similarly, since the plurality of regulated negative electrode profiles (Rn1' to Rn8') are determined as the regulated negative electrode profile (Rn') of the battery as a whole, the plurality of regulated negative electrode profiles (Rn1' to Rn8') must be continuous.

[0129] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 8, the profile determination unit (120) may set the anode participation start point (pi2) of the second adjusted anode profile (Rp2') to be the same as the anode participation end point (pf1) of the first adjusted anode profile (Rp1') and then determine the anode participation end point (pf2) of the second adjusted anode profile (Rp2'). Similarly, the profile determination unit (120) may set the anode participation start points (pi3 to pi8) of the third to eighth adjusted anode profiles (Rp3' to Rp8') to correspond to the anode participation end points (pf2 to pf7) of the second to seventh adjusted anode profiles (Rp2' to Rp7'), respectively.

[0130] In addition, in the embodiment of FIG. 8, the profile determination unit (120) may determine the negative participation end point (nf2) of the second adjusted negative profile (Rn2') after setting the negative participation start point (ni2) of the second adjusted negative profile (Rn2') to be the same as the negative participation end point (nf1) of the first adjusted negative profile (Rn1'). Similarly, the profile determination unit (120) may set the negative participation start points (ni3 to ni8) of the third to eighth adjusted negative profiles (Rn3' to Rn8') to correspond to the negative participation end points (nf2 to nf7) of the second to seventh adjusted negative profiles (Rn2' to Rn7'), respectively.

[0131] And, in the embodiment of FIG. 8, the control unit (130) can determine the positive electrode participation start point of the adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp') for the battery as pi1, and the positive electrode participation end point as pf8. In addition, the control unit (130) can determine the negative electrode participation start point of the adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn') for the battery as ni1, and the negative electrode participation end point as nf8.

[0132] The battery management device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention can determine the degree of anode degradation and the degree of cathode degradation of the battery for each of the plurality of sections by determining an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile for each of the plurality of sections. That is, since the battery management device (100) can estimate the degree of anode degradation and the degree of cathode degradation for each detailed section, it has the advantage of being able to derive a diagnostic factor that can diagnose the state of the battery more accurately. In addition, the battery management device (100) has the advantage of being able to diagnose the state of the battery more accurately and precisely through the derived diagnostic factor.

[0133]

[0134] Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 9 to 11, a second embodiment in which the profile determination unit (120) adjusts the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) will be specifically described.

[0135] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating a full-cell differential profile (D) according to one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating a measured full-cell profile (M) and a plurality of sections (R1 to R5) according to one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating a measured full-cell profile (M) and a second comparative full-cell profile (S2) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0136] The profile determination unit (120) can be configured to divide the measured full-cell profile (M) into a plurality of sections (R1 to R5) based on a plurality of reference peaks included in the full-cell differential profile (D).

[0137] Specifically, the reference peak is a peak corresponding to a minimum point of the full-cell differential profile (D). For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 9, the plurality of reference peaks may include a first peak (p1), a third peak (p3), a fifth peak (p5), and a seventh peak (p7).

[0138] In the embodiment of FIG. 10, the profile determination unit (120) can divide the measured full-cell profile (M) into first to fifth sections (R1 to R5) according to a plurality of capacities (Q1, Q3, Q5, and Q7) corresponding to reference peaks (p1, p3, p5, and p7). Here, the first section (R1) is a capacity section of 0 [Ah] to Q1, the second section (R2) is a capacity section of Q1 to Q3, and the third section (R3) is a capacity section of Q3 to Q5. The fourth section (R4) is a capacity section of Q5 to Q7, and the fifth section (R5) is a capacity section of Q7 to 45 [Ah].

[0139] The profile determination unit (120) can be configured to set weights for each of the plurality of sections (R1 to R5).

[0140] Here, the weight set for each of the multiple sections (R1 to R5) is a value greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and the total of the weights set is 1.

[0141] For example, the control unit (130) can set the weights of the first to fifth sections (R1 to R5) to 0.2 each.

[0142] As another example, the control unit (130) may set the weights of the first to fifth sections (R1 to R5) according to the importance of the first to fifth sections (R1 to R5). Specifically, some of the plurality of sections (R1 to R5) are sections that reflect the state of the positive pole of the battery, and other sections are sections that reflect the state of the negative pole of the battery. Accordingly, the control unit (130) may set the importance of a section corresponding to an item to be diagnosed among the plurality of sections (R1 to R5) to be high. In addition, the weight for a section with a high importance may be set to be greater than the weights for other sections.

[0143] Specifically, the profile determination unit (120) may be configured to set a weight for a target section including at least one of a plurality of target peaks included in the full-cell differential profile (D) to be greater than the weights for the remaining sections.

[0144] Specifically, the target peak is a peak corresponding to a maximum point of the full-cell differential profile (D). For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 9, the plurality of target peaks may include a second peak (p2), a fourth peak (p4), and a sixth peak (p6).

[0145] The control unit (130) may select at least one of a plurality of target peaks according to the diagnosis target, and determine a section including the selected target peak as the target section. For example, if the diagnosis item is a negative state, the control unit (130) may determine a second section (R2) including a second peak (p2) as the target section, and may set a weight for the second section (R2) to the largest. As another example, if the diagnosis item is a positive state, the control unit (130) may determine a fourth section (R4) including a sixth peak (p6) as the target section, and may set a weight for the fourth section (R4) to the largest.

[0146] The profile determination unit (120) can be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) based on weights to correspond to the measured full cell profile (M).

[0147] Specifically, the profile determination unit (120) may be configured to generate a second comparison full-cell profile (S2) based on the adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp') and the adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn').

[0148] For example, the profile determination unit (120) can generate a plurality of comparative full-cell profiles by shifting or capacity scaling the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn). In the embodiment of FIG. 11, the profile determination unit (120) can determine a second comparative full-cell profile (S2) corresponding to the measured full-cell profile (M) based on the adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp') and the adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn'). The control unit (130) can determine the positive electrode participation start point of the battery as pi, and the positive electrode participation end point as pf. In addition, the control unit (130) can determine the negative electrode participation start point of the battery as ni, and the negative electrode participation end point as nf.

[0149] In addition, the profile determination unit (120) can be configured to adjust the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) so that the error rate between the comparison full-cell profile (S) and the measurement full-cell profile (M) decreases as the set weight increases.

[0150] For example, the profile determination unit (120) can specify a comparison full-cell profile having a low error rate in descending order of weights among the plurality of comparison full-cell profiles among the plurality of sections (R1 to R5) of the measurement full-cell profile (M). Assuming that 100 comparison full-cell profiles are generated and the target section is the second section (R2), the profile determination unit (120) can specify a second comparison full-cell profile (S2) having the lowest error rate in the second section (R2) among the 100 comparison full-cell profiles. In addition, the profile determination unit (120) can determine an adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp') and an adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn') corresponding to the specified second comparison full-cell profile (S2). If there are multiple comparison full-cell profiles having the lowest error rate in the second section (R2), the profile determination unit (120) can specify a second comparison full-cell profile (S2) having a lower overall error rate for the entire capacity section of the measurement full-cell profile (M).

[0151] The battery management device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention has the advantage of being able to determine diagnostic factors that better reflect the state of the battery, since it adjusts the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn) to correspond to the diagnostic items. In other words, since the optimal diagnostic factors corresponding to the diagnostic items can be determined, the state of the battery can be diagnosed more accurately.

[0152]

[0153] Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 12 to 15, a third embodiment in which the profile determination unit (120) adjusts the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) will be specifically described.

[0154] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a positive polarity profile (DRp) according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a negative polarity profile (DRn) according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a reference positive polarity profile (Rp) and a reference negative polarity profile (Rn) according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a measured full-cell profile (M) and a third comparative full-cell profile (S3) according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0155] The profile acquisition unit (110) may be configured to acquire at least one of an anode differential profile (DRp) corresponding to a reference anode profile (Rp) and a cathode differential profile (DRn) corresponding to a reference cathode profile (Rn) as an electrode differential profile.

[0156] Specifically, the positive differential profile (DRp) is the profile obtained by differentiating the reference positive profile (Rp) with respect to capacity. The negative differential profile (DRn) is the profile obtained by differentiating the reference negative profile (Rn) with respect to capacity.

[0157] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 12, the positive differential profile (DRp) can be represented as a two-dimensional XY graph in which the X-axis is set to capacity [Ah] and the Y-axis is set to differential voltage [dV / dQ]. In the embodiment of FIG. 13, the negative differential profile (DRn) can be represented as a two-dimensional XY graph in which the X-axis is set to capacity [Ah] and the Y-axis is set to differential voltage [dV / dQ].

[0158] For example, the profile acquisition unit (110) can directly receive the positive differential profile (DRp) and the negative differential profile (DRn) of the battery from the outside. That is, the profile acquisition unit (110) can receive from the outside via wired and / or wireless means. As another example, the profile acquisition unit (110) can also generate the positive differential profile (DRp) and the negative differential profile (DRn) based on the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn).

[0159] The profile determination unit (120) can be divided into a plurality of electrode sections based on at least one of a plurality of electrode peaks included in the electrode differential profile, such that the corresponding reference electrode profile among the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) is divided into a plurality of electrode sections.

[0160] Specifically, the positive differential profile (DRp) may include multiple positive peaks, and the negative differential profile (DRn) may include multiple negative peaks.

[0161] In the embodiment of FIG. 12, the bipolar differential profile (DRp) may include first to fourth bipolar peaks (pp1, pp2, pp3, and pp4). Specifically, the bipolar peaks may include peaks corresponding to maximum points of the bipolar differential profile (DRp). The bipolar peaks may include peaks corresponding to minimum points having the largest capacity among the multiple maximum points of the bipolar differential profile (DRp). The capacity of the first bipolar peak (pp1) is Qp1, the capacity of the second bipolar peak (pp2) is Qp2, the capacity of the third bipolar peak (pp3) is Qp3, and the capacity of the fourth bipolar peak (pp4) is Qp4.

[0162] In the embodiment of Fig. 13, the cathode differential profile (DRn) may include first to third cathode peaks (np1, np2, np3). Specifically, the cathode peaks may include peaks corresponding to maximum points of the cathode differential profile (DRn). The capacity of the first cathode peak (np1) is Qn1, the capacity of the second cathode peak (np2) is Qn2, and the capacity of the third cathode peak (np3) is Qn3.

[0163] In the embodiment of Fig. 14, the profile determination unit (120) can divide the reference anode profile (Rp) into first to fifth anode sections (PR1 to PR5). The first anode section (PR1) is a capacity section of 5 [Ah] to Qp1, the second anode section (PR2) is a capacity section of Qp1 to Qp2, the third anode section (PR3) is a capacity section of Qp2 to Qp3, the fourth anode section (PR4) is a capacity section of Qp3 to Qp4, and the fifth anode section (PR5) is a capacity section of Qp4 to 50 [Ah].

[0164] In addition, the profile determination unit (120) can divide the reference cathode profile (Rn) into first to fourth cathode sections (NR1 to NR4). The first cathode section (NR1) is a capacity section of 5 [Ah] to Qn1, the second cathode section (NR2) is a capacity section of Qn1 to Qn2, the third cathode section (NR3) is a capacity section of Qn2 to Qn3, and the fourth cathode section (NR4) is a capacity section of Qn3 to 50 [Ah].

[0165] The profile determination unit (120) can be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) to correspond to the measurement full cell profile (M) while adjusting each of the plurality of electrode sections.

[0166] Specifically, the profile determination unit (120) can be configured to independently adjust each of the plurality of electrode sections. That is, the profile determination unit (120) can determine an adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp') and an adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn') corresponding to the measured full cell profile (M) by independently adjusting the change rate of each of the plurality of electrode sections.

[0167] The adjusted anode profile (Rp') may be divided into a plurality of adjusted anode sections (PR1' to PR5'), and the adjusted cathode profile (Rn') may be divided into a plurality of adjusted cathode sections (NR1' to NR4'). Each of the plurality of adjusted anode sections (PR1' to PR5') is a modification of each of the plurality of anode sections (PR1 to PR5) of the reference anode profile (Rp), and each of the plurality of adjusted cathode sections (NR1' to NR4') is a modification of each of the plurality of cathode sections (NR1 to NR4) of the reference cathode profile (Rn).

[0168] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 15, the adjusted anode profile (Rp') can be divided into first to fifth adjusted anode sections (PR5'), and each of the first to fifth adjusted anode sections (PR1' to PR5') corresponds to each of the first to fifth anode sections (PR1 to PR5) of the reference anode profile (Rp). The first adjusted anode section (PR1') is a section in which the first anode section (PR1) is changed, the second adjusted anode section (PR2') is a section in which the second anode section (PR2) is changed, the third adjusted anode section (PR3') is a section in which the third anode section (PR3) is changed, the fourth adjusted anode section (PR4') is a section in which the fourth anode section (PR4) is changed, and the fifth adjusted anode section (PR5') is a section in which the fifth anode section (PR5) is changed. The control unit (130) can determine the anode participation start point (pi) and the anode participation end point (pf) of the adjusted anode profile (Rp'). In addition, the control unit (130) can determine the anode change ratio (ps1 to ps5) for each of the first to fifth adjusted anode sections (RP1' to PR5'). For example, the control unit (130) can determine the ratio of the first adjusted anode section (PR1') to the first anode section (PR1) as the anode change ratio (ps1) for the first adjusted anode section (PR1'). That is, the control unit (130) can calculate the change ratio of the adjusted anode sections (RP1' to PR5') to the anode sections (PR1 to PR5) and determine the anode change ratios (ps1 to ps5) for the plurality of adjusted anode sections (RP1' to PR5'). Similarly, the control unit (130) can determine the anode change ratio (ps2 to ps5) for the second to fifth regulated anode sections (PR2' to PR5').

[0169] Likewise, in the embodiment of FIG. 15, the adjusted negative profile (Rn') can be divided into first to fourth adjusted negative sections (NR1' to NR4'), and each of the first to fourth adjusted negative sections (NR1' to NR4') corresponds to each of the first to fourth negative sections (NR1 to NR4) of the reference negative profile (Rn). The first adjusted negative section (NR1') is a section in which the first negative section (NR1) is changed, and the second adjusted negative section (NR2') is a section in which the second negative section (NR2) is changed. The third adjusted negative section (NR3') is a section in which the third negative section (NR3) is changed, and the fourth adjusted negative section (NR4') is a section in which the fourth negative section (NR4) is changed. The control unit (130) can determine the negative participation start point (ni) and the negative participation end point (nf) of the adjusted negative profile (Rn'). In addition, the control unit (130) can determine the negative change ratio (ns1 to ns4) for each of the first to fourth adjusted negative sections (NR1' to NR4'). For example, the control unit (130) can determine the ratio of the first adjusted negative section (NR1') to the first negative section (NR1) as the negative change ratio (ns1) for the first adjusted negative section (NR1'). That is, the control unit (130) can calculate the change ratio of the adjusted negative sections (NR1' to NR4') to the negative sections (NR1 to NR4), and determine the negative change ratio for the plurality of adjusted negative sections (NR1' to NR4'). Similarly, the control unit (130) can determine the cathode change ratio (ns2 to ns4) for the second to fourth adjusted cathode sections (NR2' to NR4').

[0170] The profile determination unit (120) can determine a third comparison full-cell profile (S3) corresponding to the measured full-cell profile (M) based on the adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp') and the adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn'). In the embodiment of FIG. 15, the control unit (130) can determine the positive electrode participation start point of the battery as pi, and the positive electrode participation end point as pf. In addition, the control unit (130) can determine the negative electrode participation start point of the battery as ni, and the negative electrode participation end point as nf.

[0171] In other words, when the anode differential profile (DRp) is included in the electrode differential profile, the profile determination unit (120) may be configured to divide the reference anode profile (Rp) into a plurality of anode sections based on at least one of the plurality of anode peaks included in the anode differential profile (DRp). In addition, when the cathode differential profile (DRn) is included in the electrode differential profile, the profile determination unit (120) may be configured to divide the reference cathode profile (Rn) into a plurality of cathode sections based on at least one of the plurality of cathode peaks included in the cathode differential profile (DRn). In the above, with reference to FIGS. 12 to 14, an embodiment has been described in which both the anode differential profile (DRp) and the cathode differential profile (DRn) are included in the electrode differential profile, so that the reference anode profile (Rp) is divided into a plurality of anode sections and the reference cathode profile (Rn) is divided into a plurality of cathode sections. However, depending on the embodiment, the positive differential profile (DRp) or the negative differential profile (DRn) may be included in the electrode differential profile.

[0172] The battery management device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention can determine an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile by adjusting a plurality of positive electrode sections and / or a plurality of negative electrode sections, respectively. That is, the battery management device (100) has the advantage of being able to determine detailed diagnostic factors for the battery. Accordingly, based on these diagnostic factors, the battery's condition can be diagnosed in more detail and accurately.

[0173]

[0174] The battery management device (100) according to the present invention can be applied to a BMS (Battery Management System). That is, the BMS according to the present invention can include the battery management device (100) described above. In this configuration, at least some of the components of the battery management device (100) can be implemented by supplementing or adding to the functions of the components included in a conventional BMS. For example, the profile acquisition unit (110), the profile determination unit (120), the control unit (130), and the storage unit (140) of the battery management device (100) can be implemented as components of the BMS.

[0175] Additionally, the battery management device (100) according to the present invention may be provided in a battery pack. That is, the battery pack according to the present invention may include the battery management device (100) described above and one or more battery cells. Additionally, the battery pack may further include electrical components (relays, fuses, etc.) and a case.

[0176] FIG. 16 is a drawing illustrating an exemplary configuration of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0177] The positive terminal of the battery (10) can be connected to the positive terminal (P+) of the battery pack (1), and the negative terminal of the battery (10) can be connected to the negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack (1).

[0178] The measuring unit (20) can be connected to the positive terminal and negative terminal of the battery (10). In addition, the measuring unit (20) can measure the positive potential and negative potential of the battery (10) and calculate the difference between the positive potential and negative potential to measure the voltage of the battery (10).

[0179] And, the measuring unit (20) can be connected to a current measuring unit (A). For example, the current measuring unit (A) can be an ammeter or a shunt resistor capable of measuring the charging current and discharging current of the battery (10). The measuring unit (20) can measure the charging current of the battery (10) using the current measuring unit (A) to calculate the charging amount. In addition, the measuring unit (20) can measure the discharging current of the battery (10) through the third sensing line (SL3) to calculate the discharging amount.

[0180] For example, information about the voltage and capacity of the battery (10) measured by the measuring unit (20) can be transmitted to the profile acquisition unit (110). Then, the profile acquisition unit (110) can directly generate a measurement full cell profile (M) based on the received information about the voltage and capacity.

[0181] As another example, information about the voltage and capacity of the battery (10) measured by the measuring unit (20) can be stored in the storage unit (140). When charging or discharging of the battery (10) is completed, the profile acquisition unit (110) can access the storage unit (140) to acquire the measured full cell profile (M).

[0182] As another example, the measurement unit (20) may directly generate a measurement full-cell profile (M) based on information about the voltage and capacity of the measured battery (10). In this case, the generated measurement full-cell profile (M) may be transmitted to the profile acquisition unit (110) and also stored in the storage unit (140).

[0183] A charging / discharging device or load can be connected to the positive terminal (P+) and negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack (1).

[0184]

[0185] FIG. 17 is a schematic drawing of a vehicle (1700) according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0186] Referring to FIG. 17, a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention may be included in a vehicle (1700), such as an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid vehicle (HV). Furthermore, the battery pack (1710) may drive the vehicle (1700) by supplying power to a motor through an inverter provided in the vehicle (1700). Here, the battery pack (1710) may include a battery management device (100). That is, the vehicle (1700) may include a battery management device (100). In this case, the battery diagnostic device (100) may be an onboard diagnostic device included in the vehicle (1700).

[0187]

[0188] FIG. 18 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0189] Referring to FIG. 18, the battery management method may include a profile acquisition step (S100), a profile adjustment step (S200), a profile generation step (S300), and a factor determination step (S400).

[0190] Preferably, each step of the battery management method can be performed by a battery management device (100). In the following, for convenience of explanation, any content that overlaps with the previously described content will be omitted or briefly described.

[0191] The profile acquisition step (S100) is a step of acquiring a measurement full cell profile (M) indicating the correspondence between the voltage and capacity of the battery, and can be performed by the profile acquisition unit (110).

[0192] For example, the profile acquisition unit (110) can directly receive the measured full-cell profile (M) of the battery from the outside. That is, the profile acquisition unit (110) can acquire the measured full-cell profile (M) by receiving the measured full-cell profile (M) through a wired and / or wireless connection to the outside.

[0193] As another example, the profile acquisition unit (110) can receive battery information regarding the voltage and capacity of the battery. Furthermore, the profile acquisition unit (110) can acquire the measured full-cell profile (M) by generating a measured full-cell profile (M) based on the received battery information.

[0194] The profile adjustment step (S200) is a step of adjusting the preset reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and reference negative electrode profile (Rn) to correspond to the measurement full cell profile (M) or multiple sections of the measurement full cell profile (M), and can be performed by the profile determination unit (120).

[0195] In one embodiment, when the measurement full-cell profile (M) is divided into a plurality of sections, the profile determination unit (120) can adjust the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn) to correspond to each section of the measurement full-cell profile (M). Here, when the plurality of sections are divided into n (n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2), the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn) can be adjusted by considering the n sections. That is, one (see FIG. 11) or n (see FIG. 8) adjustment results for the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn) can be derived.

[0196] In the embodiment of FIG. 8, the profile determination unit (120) can adjust the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn) to correspond to each of the first to eighth sections (R1 to R8). In this case, adjustment results for each of the first to eighth sections (R1 to R8) can be derived. That is, eight adjustment results based on the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn) can be derived.

[0197] In the embodiment of FIG. 11, the profile determination unit (120) determines a target section from the first to fifth sections (R1 to R5) of the measured full-cell profile (M), and can adjust the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) so that the error rate in the target section is the lowest. In this case, one adjustment result based on the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) can be derived.

[0198] In another embodiment, when the measured full-cell profile (M) is not divided into multiple sections, the profile determination unit (120) can adjust the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) so as to correspond to the entire section of the measured full-cell profile (M). Here, one adjustment result for the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) can be derived.

[0199] In the embodiment of FIG. 15, the profile determination unit (120) divides the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and / or the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) into a plurality of electrode sections, and can adjust each of the plurality of electrode sections to correspond to the measured full cell profile (M).

[0200] The profile generation step (S300) is a step of generating an adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp') and an adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn') according to the adjustment result, and can be performed by the profile determination unit (120).

[0201] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 8, the profile determination unit (120) can determine first to eighth adjusted positive electrode profiles (Rp1' to Rp8') and first to eighth adjusted negative electrode profiles (Rn1' to Rn8') for the first to eighth sections (R1 to R8). A first comparison full-cell profile (S1) can be determined based on a plurality of adjusted positive electrode profiles (Rp1' to Rp8') and a plurality of adjusted negative electrode profiles (Rn1' to Rn8').

[0202] As another example, in the embodiment of FIG. 11, the profile determination unit (120) can determine an adjusted positive profile (Rp') and an adjusted negative profile (Rn') that have the lowest error rate for the determined target section. A second comparison full-cell profile (S2) can be determined based on the adjusted positive profile (Rp') and the adjusted negative profile (Rn').

[0203] As another example, in the embodiment of FIG. 15, the profile determination unit (120) can determine an adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp') and an adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn') by adjusting the first to fifth positive electrode sections (PR1 to PR5) and the first to fourth negative electrode sections (NR1 to NR4), respectively. A third comparison full-cell profile (S3) can be determined based on the adjusted positive electrode profile (Rp') and the adjusted negative electrode profile (Rn').

[0204] The factor determination step (S400) is a step of determining a positive factor for the battery in the adjusted positive profile (Rp') and determining a negative factor for the battery in the adjusted negative profile (Rn'), and can be performed by the control unit (130).

[0205] Specifically, the control unit (130) can determine the positive participation start point, positive participation end point, and positive change ratio in the adjusted positive profile (Rp'), and can determine the negative participation start point, negative participation end point, and negative change ratio in the adjusted negative profile (Rn').

[0206]

[0207] The embodiments of the present invention described above are not implemented only through devices and methods, but may also be implemented through a program that realizes a function corresponding to the configuration of the embodiments of the present invention or a recording medium on which the program is recorded, and such implementation can be easily implemented by an expert in the technical field to which the present invention belongs based on the description of the embodiments described above.

[0208] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is obvious that various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the technical idea of ​​the present invention and the equivalent scope of the patent claims to be described below by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains.

[0209] In addition, the present invention described above is not limited to the above-described embodiments and the attached drawings, and all or part of each embodiment may be selectively combined and configured so that various modifications can be made, as those skilled in the art can make various substitutions, modifications, and changes within the scope of the technical idea of ​​the present invention.

[0210] (Explanation of symbols)

[0211] 1: Battery pack

[0212] 10: Battery

[0213] 20: Measurement section

[0214] 100: Battery management device

[0215] 110: Profile acquisition section

[0216] 120: Profile Decision Section

[0217] 130: Control unit

[0218] 140: Storage

[0219] 1700: Automobile

[0220] 1710: Battery Pack

Claims

1. A profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a measurement full cell profile indicating a correspondence between the voltage and capacity of a battery; A profile determination unit configured to adjust a preset reference anode profile and a reference cathode profile to correspond to the measurement full cell profile or a plurality of sections of the measurement full cell profile, and to generate an adjustment anode profile and an adjustment cathode profile according to the adjustment result; and A battery management device comprising a control unit configured to determine a diagnostic factor for the battery from at least one of the above-described adjusted positive electrode profile and the above-described adjusted negative electrode profile.

2. In paragraph 1, The above profile acquisition unit, It is configured to further obtain a full-cell differential profile corresponding to the above-mentioned measured full-cell profile and indicating the correspondence between the capacity and the differential voltage, The above profile determination part is, A battery management device characterized in that it is configured to divide the measured full-cell profile into the plurality of sections based on at least one of the plurality of peaks included in the full-cell differential profile.

3. In paragraph 2, The above profile determination part is, A battery management device characterized in that it is configured to divide the measured full-cell profile into the plurality of sections based on the capacities of the plurality of peaks included in the full-cell differential profile.

4. In paragraph 2, The above profile determination part is, A battery management device characterized in that it is configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile to correspond to each of the plurality of sections, thereby generating the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile corresponding to each of the plurality of sections.

5. In paragraph 4, The above profile determination part is, A battery management device characterized in that it generates a plurality of adjusted positive profiles such that the end point of the adjusted positive profile for the previous section is the same as the start point of the adjusted positive profile for the next section, and it generates a plurality of adjusted negative profiles such that the end point of the adjusted negative profile for the previous section is the same as the start point of the adjusted negative profile for the next section.

6. In paragraph 2, The above profile determination part is, A battery management device characterized in that it is configured to divide the measured full-cell profile into the plurality of sections based on the plurality of reference peaks included in the full-cell differential profile.

7. In paragraph 6, The above profile determination part is, A battery management device characterized in that it is configured to set weights for each of the plurality of sections and adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile to correspond to the measured full cell profile based on the weights.

8. In paragraph 7, The above profile determination part is, A battery management device characterized in that the weight for a target section including at least one of a plurality of target peaks included in the full-cell differential profile is set to be greater than the weights for the remaining sections.

9. In paragraph 7, The above profile determination part is, A battery management device characterized in that it generates a comparison full-cell profile based on the above-mentioned adjusted positive electrode profile and the above-mentioned adjusted negative electrode profile, and is configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the error rate between the comparison full-cell profile and the measured full-cell profile decreases as the set weight increases.

10. In paragraph 1, The above profile acquisition unit, It is configured to obtain at least one of an anode differential profile corresponding to the above reference anode profile and a cathode differential profile corresponding to the above reference cathode profile as an electrode differential profile, The above profile determination part is, A battery management device characterized in that the device is configured to divide the corresponding reference electrode profile among the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile into a plurality of electrode sections based on at least one of the plurality of electrode peaks included in the electrode differential profile, and to adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile to correspond to the measured full cell profile while adjusting each of the plurality of electrode sections.

11. In paragraph 10, The above profile determination part is, A battery management device characterized in that each of the plurality of electrode sections is independently adjusted.

12. In paragraph 10, The above profile determination part is, When the above anode differential profile is included in the electrode differential profile, the reference anode profile is divided into a plurality of anode sections based on at least one of the plurality of anode peaks included in the anode differential profile, A battery management device characterized in that, when the negative differential profile is included in the electrode differential profile, the reference negative profile is divided into a plurality of negative sections based on at least one of a plurality of negative peaks included in the negative differential profile.

13. A battery pack comprising a battery management device according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. A vehicle including a battery management device according to any one of paragraphs 1 to 12.

15. A profile acquisition step for acquiring a measurement full cell profile indicating the correspondence between the voltage and capacity of the battery; A profile adjustment step for adjusting a preset reference anode profile and a reference cathode profile to correspond to the measurement full cell profile or a plurality of sections of the measurement full cell profile; A profile generation step for generating an adjustment positive profile and an adjustment negative profile based on the adjustment results; and A battery management method, characterized in that it comprises a factor determining step of determining a diagnostic factor for the battery in at least one of the above-mentioned adjusted positive electrode profile and the above-mentioned adjusted negative electrode profile.

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