Super-long working face mining method

Abstract

A super-long working face mining method, comprises the following steps: sequentially providing a total of four roadways, i.e., a left edge roadway, a left middle roadway, a right middle roadway, and a right edge roadway, from left to right in a working face in a direction perpendicular to coal to be mined, wherein a coal pillar having a certain width is arranged between the left middle roadway and the right middle roadway; arranging in the working face a left transfer conveyor (1), a right transfer conveyor (21), and a scraper conveyor used to connect the two transfer conveyors, wherein the left transfer conveyor (1) is arranged in the left edge roadway, the right transfer conveyor (21) is arranged in the right edge roadway, and the scraper conveyor is arranged at the mining end of the working face; the left middle roadway and the right middle roadway being material roadways, arranging, in the left middle roadway and the right middle roadway, devices for delivering materials required by the working face, transmitting power, and delivering water; during working face mining, using two coal mining machines (22) for mining, to carry out mining operation on coal and coal pillar of the super-long working face between the left edge roadway and the right edge roadway.

Description

A mining method for ultra-long working face

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 2023108276911 filed in China on July 6, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of coal mining, and in particular to an ultra-long working face mining method. Background Art

[0004] In coal mining, a reasonable working face length is crucial for achieving high production and efficiency. The length of a fully mechanized coal mining face depends on many factors. Theoretically, when unconstrained by geological conditions, ventilation and safety requirements, and the level of supporting equipment, the working face length is directly proportional to the face's unit output and production efficiency. Under the same geological conditions, the length of a fully mechanized coal mining face is primarily determined by the degree of mine pressure, roof control technology, mining techniques, and equipment level.

[0005] Among the working face mining methods currently used in coal mines, the mining efficiency of ultra-long working faces still has considerable room for improvement. In the implementation of ultra-long working face mining methods, increasing the working face length can reduce coal pillar loss, lower tunneling rates, and increase coal recovery rates. This is one of the effective ways to increase working face production, improve mining efficiency, and reduce coal losses.

[0006] To reduce the number of underground workers and ensure safe mine production, the State Administration of Work Safety has implemented a "one mine (well) one face" or "one mine (well) two faces" production model. As the number of working faces in mines decreases, increasing the length of working faces is the most effective way to increase mine production. Therefore, the applicant believes it is necessary to develop a method for mining with extra-long working faces to improve their efficiency.

[0007] Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present disclosure aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present disclosure provides an ultra-long working face mining method, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1. In the working face, four lanes are arranged from left to right along the direction perpendicular to the coal body to be mined, namely the left lane, the left middle lane, the right middle lane and the right lane. A coal pillar of a certain width is set between the left middle lane and the right middle lane.

[0011] S2. Arrange a left transfer machine, a right transfer machine, and a scraper conveyor connecting the two transfer machines at the working face. The left transfer machine is located in the left lane, the right transfer machine is located in the right lane, and the scraper conveyor is located at the mining end of the working face.

[0012] S3, Left Middle Lane, and Right Middle Lane are material lanes, where materials and supplies needed for the working face as well as various power and water transmission equipment are arranged;

[0013] S4. Two coal mining machines are used during working face mining to mine the extra-long working face coal body and coal pillars from the left lane to the right lane.

[0014] In the embodiment disclosed herein, four tunnels are set up to form solid coal on the left half of the working face, solid coal on the right half of the working face, and coal pillars. Thus, while the coal pillars ensure support for the coal seam roof, ultra-long working face mining operations of the solid coal on the left half of the working face, solid coal on the right half of the working face, and coal pillars are achieved, thereby greatly improving mining efficiency.

[0015] In some embodiments, in S2, the scraper conveyor arrangement method includes:

[0016] Arrange the left scraper conveyor between the left lane and the left middle lane;

[0017] Arrange the right scraper conveyor between the right lane and the right middle lane;

[0018] The tail of the left scraper conveyor and the tail of the right scraper conveyor are arranged in parallel to form an integral tail, and the integral tail is arranged in an undercover manner at the corresponding left middle lane position.

[0019] In some embodiments, a left scraper conveyor telescopic tail adjustment jack is provided at the tail of the left scraper conveyor, and a right scraper conveyor telescopic tail adjustment jack is provided at the tail of the right scraper conveyor. The two sets of jacks are used to adjust the position of the overall tail in the left middle tunnel to ensure that the coal mining machine can cut through the solid coal of the left half working face, the solid coal of the right half working face and the coal pillar, while preventing the underlying part of the overall tail from interfering with the working face and the bottom plate of the coal pillar.

[0020] In some embodiments, the left scraper conveyor tail is provided with a left scraper conveyor tail pad, and the right scraper conveyor tail is provided with a right scraper conveyor tail pad. The two sets of tail pads are used to adjust the height of the integral tail so that the integral tail pin rail is kept level with the pin rail of the middle groove of the scraper conveyor, so that two coal mining machines can pass through the integral tail.

[0021] In some embodiments, the three lanes, namely the left lane, the right middle lane, and the right lane, are all arranged along the bottom plate of the working face. The left middle lane is arranged in an undercover style, and the integral machine tail is arranged in the left middle lane position.

[0022] In some embodiments, in S2, when the scraper conveyor is arranged, the pin rail of the left scraper conveyor head starting slope and line changing groove and the pin rail of the right scraper conveyor head starting slope and line changing groove have a certain slope, and the pin rails and bottom plate of the rest of the left scraper conveyor and the rest of the right scraper conveyor are in a horizontal state.

[0023] In some embodiments, in S4, the working face coal resources include the left half working face solid coal between the left lane and the left middle lane, the right half working face solid coal between the right lane and the right middle lane, and the coal pillar between the left middle lane and the right middle lane. The left half working face solid coal, the right half working face solid coal and the middle lane coal pillar constitute an ultra-long working face.

[0024] In some embodiments, in S4, two coal mining machines start mining from the solid coal of the left half working face and the solid coal of the right half working face respectively, and both coal mining machines can cross the integral machine tail and alternately cut the solid coal of the left half working face and the solid coal of the right half working face, realizing the coordinated linkage of the left and right coal mining machines, and the coal mining machines can recover the coal pillars between the left middle lane and the right middle lane.

[0025] In some embodiments, in S3, the right middle tunnel is excavated along the bottom plate of the working face, and a middle trough of a scraper conveyor is arranged at the location of the right middle tunnel so that the coal mining machine can normally cut the coal pillar and can normally recover the coal pillar.

[0026] Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will be given in part in the description below and in part will be obvious from the description below, or will be learned through practice of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0028] FIG1 is a schematic flow chart of the steps of the ultra-long working face mining method;

[0029] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the planar layout of the super-long working face equipment;

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the vertical arrangement of the super-long working face equipment;

[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the coal mining machine starting to pass through the right middle lane of the super-long working face;

[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the super-long working face coal mining machine completing the right middle lane;

[0033] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the super-long working face coal mining machine completing the left middle lane;

[0034] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the coal mining machine at the end of the super-long working face passing through the left middle lane;

[0035] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the air inlet and return routes for an ultra-long working face;

[0036] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the air inlet and return routes when the wind shield of the extra-long working surface is closed;

[0037] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the air inlet and return routes when the wind shield of the extra-long working surface is open, which is intended to illustrate the wind shielding principle;

[0038] FIG11 is a side view of the leading bracket when the windshield is closed;

[0039] FIG12 is a schematic top view of the advance bracket when the windshield is closed;

[0040] FIG13 is a side view of the leading bracket when the windshield is opened;

[0041] FIG14 is a schematic top view of the advance bracket when the wind deflector is opened.

[0042] Description of reference numerals:

[0043] 1. Left transfer conveyor; 2. Left scraper conveyor vertically arranged motor; 3. Left scraper conveyor parallel arranged motor; 4. Left scraper conveyor head ramp line change trough; 5. Left scraper conveyor head straight line change trough; 6. Scraper conveyor middle trough; 7. Left scraper conveyor tail motor; 8. Right scraper conveyor tail motor; 9. Left scraper conveyor tail ramp line change trough; 10. Left scraper conveyor telescopic tail adjustment jack; 11. Left scraper conveyor tail support; 12. Right scraper conveyor tail support; 13. Right scraper conveyor extension Adjusting jack at the tail of the retractor; 14. Slope changing trough at the tail of the right scraper conveyor; 15. Slope changing trough at the tail of the right scraper conveyor; 16. Middle trough of the scraper conveyor; 17. Straight line changing trough at the head of the right scraper conveyor; 18. Parallel motor of the right scraper conveyor; 19. Vertical motor of the right scraper conveyor; 20. Slope changing trough at the head of the right scraper conveyor; 21. Right transfer machine; 22. Coal mining machine; 23. Slipper; 24. Shovel; 25. Advance bracket; 26. Windshield jack; 27. Windshield; 28. Fixed ear shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following describes in detail embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present disclosure, and should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure.

[0045] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an ultra-long working face mining method, which is described in detail below with reference to Figures 1 to 14.

[0046] A super-long working face mining method comprises the following steps:

[0047] S1. In the working face, four lanes are arranged from left to right along the direction perpendicular to the coal body to be mined, namely the left lane, the left middle lane, the right middle lane and the right lane. A coal pillar of a certain width is set between the left middle lane and the right middle lane.

[0048] S2. Arrange the left transfer machine 1, the right transfer machine 21, and a scraper conveyor connecting the two transfer machines at the working face. The left transfer machine 1 is arranged in the left lane, the right transfer machine 21 is arranged in the right lane, and the scraper conveyor is arranged at the mining end of the working face.

[0049] S3, Left Middle Lane, and Right Middle Lane are material lanes, where materials and supplies needed for the working face as well as various power and water transmission equipment are arranged;

[0050] S4. Two coal mining machines 22 are used for mining at the working face to mine the extra-long coal body and coal pillars between the left lane and the right lane.

[0051] In the disclosed embodiment, four tunnels are set up to divide the entire working face to be mined into solid coal on the left working face, solid coal on the right working face and coal pillars. When the coal pillars support the entire coal seam roof, two coal mining machines 22 are used to mine the solid coal on the left and right working faces, thereby realizing the mining of ultra-long working faces and greatly improving the mining efficiency.

[0052] In S1, when the roadway is arranged, the left roadway and the right roadway are arranged at the left and right ends of the working face to be mined, respectively, corresponding to accommodating the left transfer machine 1 and the right transfer machine 21. The left middle roadway and the right middle roadway are arranged between the left and right roadways, and the coal pillars arranged between the left and right roadways can play a supporting role for the roof of the entire coal seam to be mined, so that the solid coal of the left working face and the solid coal of the right working face covered by the entire super-long working face can be mined more safely, reducing damage to the coal wall of the left middle roadway and the right middle roadway. When performing super-long working face mining operations, the coal body to be mined between the left and left middle roadways is the solid coal of the left half of the working face, and the coal body to be mined between the right and right middle roadways is the solid coal of the right half of the working face.

[0053] In order to realize the solid coal mining operation of the left half working face and the solid coal mining operation of the right half working face, the scraper conveyor needs to be arranged so that in S2, the scraper conveyor arrangement method includes:

[0054] Arrange the left scraper conveyor between the left lane and the left middle lane;

[0055] Arrange the right scraper conveyor between the right lane and the right middle lane;

[0056] The tail of the left scraper conveyor and the tail of the right scraper conveyor are arranged in parallel to form an integral tail, and the integral tail is arranged in an undercover manner at the corresponding left middle lane position.

[0057] The left scraper conveyor and the right scraper conveyor both include vertically arranged motors and parallel arranged motors, and the left scraper conveyor vertically arranged motor 2 and the left scraper conveyor parallel arranged motor 3 are arranged near the left end of the lane, and the right scraper conveyor vertically arranged motor 19 and the right scraper conveyor parallel arranged motor 18 are arranged near the right end of the lane.

[0058] In addition, a left scraper conveyor telescopic tail adjustment jack 10 is provided at the tail of the left scraper conveyor, and a right scraper conveyor telescopic tail adjustment jack 13 is provided at the tail of the right scraper conveyor. The two sets of jacks are used to adjust the position of the overall tail in the left middle lane to ensure that the coal mining machine 22 can cut through the solid coal of the left half working face, the solid coal of the right half working face and the coal pillar, while preventing the underlying part of the overall tail from interfering with the working face and the bottom plate of the coal pillar.

[0059] The left and right scraper conveyors are connected to form a single scraper conveyor via an integrated tail. The tail is composed of the left and right scraper conveyor tails, and is positioned undercover in the left middle lane. The left and right scraper conveyor tail motors 7 and 8 are arranged in parallel to reduce the longitudinal length of the tail. The motor centerlines are set parallel to the coal wall.

[0060] In one embodiment, when arranging the scraper conveyor, the pin rail of the slope-changing trough 4 at the head of the left scraper conveyor and the pin rail of the slope-changing trough 20 at the head of the right scraper conveyor have a certain slope, and the pin rails and the bottom plate of the rest of the left scraper conveyor and the rest of the right scraper conveyor are in a basically horizontal state, including the pin rails and the bottom plate at the corresponding positions of the slope-changing trough 9 at the tail of the left scraper conveyor and the slope-changing trough 14 and 15 at the tail of the right scraper conveyor, which are also in a basically horizontal state.

[0061] In one embodiment, since two shearers 22 are used for mining the entire extra-long working face, one shearer 22 located at the solid coal position on the left and right half of the working face, during mining operations, it is necessary to ensure that both shearers 22 can smoothly pass the integrated tail located in the left center lane. Furthermore, a left scraper conveyor tail pad 11 is provided at the left scraper conveyor tail, and a right scraper conveyor tail pad 12 is provided at the right scraper conveyor tail. These two sets of tail pads are used to adjust the height of the integrated tail to ensure that the integrated tail pin rail is aligned with the pin rail of the scraper conveyor middle slot 166, allowing both shearers 22 to pass through the integrated tail. Furthermore, the three lanes—the left lane, the right center lane, and the right lane—are all arranged along the working face floor. The left center lane is arranged in an undercover configuration, with the integrated tail positioned undercover in the left center lane. In this way, the working face is mined by two coal mining machines 22, and the two coal mining machines 22 mine the solid coal on the left and right working faces respectively. The coal mining machines 22 can cross the integral machine tail and alternately cut the solid coal on the left and right working faces, realizing the coordinated linkage of the left and right coal mining machines 22. The coal mining machines 22 can recover the coal pillars between the left and right middle lanes, effectively increasing the coal production of the super-long working face.

[0062] The left scraper conveyor tail and the right scraper conveyor tail of the integral tail are both provided with shovel plates 24 and pin rails. The sliding shoes 23 and the pin rows of the coal mining machine 22 are respectively in contact and engaged with the shovel plates 24 and the pin rails at the integral tail to ensure that the coal mining machine 22 moves smoothly.

[0063] When arranging the various lanes, the left lane, right center lane, and right center lane are all laid out along the working face floor. The left center lane is arranged as an undercover structure, with the integrated machine tail positioned in the left center lane. The left transfer machine 1 is located in the left lane, and the right transfer machine 21 is located in the right lane. The left center lane and the right center lane are material lanes, used to arrange working face equipment such as cables and water pipes, and to transport materials and other supplies required for the working face.

[0064] In one embodiment, to ensure the normal recovery of coal pillars, further excavation arrangements are required for the left and right center lanes. The right center lane is excavated along the working face floor, where the scraper's middle trough is located. The left center lane is excavated using an undercover method, and an integrated tail is arranged in the undercover method.

[0065] In S4, the two coal mining machines 22 start mining from the solid coal of the left half working face and the solid coal of the right half working face respectively, and both coal mining machines 22 can cross the integral machine tail and alternately cut the solid coal of the left half working face and the solid coal of the right half working face, realizing the coordinated linkage of the left and right coal mining machines 22, and the coal mining machines 22 can recover the coal pillars between the left middle lane and the right middle lane.

[0066] At the same time, considering that it is necessary to keep the extra-long working face in good ventilation conditions during mining operations, the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a ventilation structure for an extra-long working face. After taking into account the difference in flow rate of fresh airflow and return airflow, the left lane and the right lane are used as air inlet lanes, and the fresh airflow enters the working face from the left lane and the right lane. After passing through the working face, the airflow passes between the left middle lane and the right middle lane. The left middle lane and the right middle lane are used as return air lanes to form ventilation return flow, thereby ensuring that the working face maintains good ventilation conditions.

[0067] Since the fresh airflow has a higher velocity than the return airflow, it is appropriate to use the left and right middle lanes, where there are fewer obstacles to the airflow, as return air lanes, and to use the left lane where the left transfer machine 1 is located and the right lane where the right transfer machine 21 is located as intake air lanes, thereby further ensuring a normal airflow velocity within the working surface. This prevents the low-velocity return airflow from being blocked by the left transfer machine 1, the right transfer machine 21, and other equipment that occupies a large space, resulting in poor return airflow.

[0068] An advance support 25 is installed in the left middle lane, and a windshield 27 is installed on the advance support 25 to block the wind flow. The windshield 27 is installed on the rear side of the advance support 25 and is rotatably connected to the advance support 25 via a fixed ear shaft 28. At the same time, a windshield jack 26 is installed between the advance support 25 and the windshield 27 to control the opening and closing of the windshield 27. One end of the windshield jack 26 is rotatably fixed to the advance support 25, and the other end is rotatably fixed to the windshield 27. The opening and closing operation of the windshield 27 is achieved by controlling the windshield jack 26. When the coal mining machine 22 leaves the coal pillar, the windshield 27 opens to prevent the airflow from the right lane from returning through the left middle lane, thereby preventing wind from blowing through the working face.

[0069] In one embodiment, after the wind shield 27 is retracted, in order to prevent the coal shearer 22 from cutting the wind shield during operation, the distance Δh between the outer edge of the wind shield 27 and the coal wall is set to be greater than the cutting depth of the coal shearer 22.

[0070] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and features of different embodiments or examples, unless they are mutually inconsistent.

[0071] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. Throughout the present disclosure, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0072] Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present disclosure, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A super-long working face mining method, comprising the following steps: S1. In the working face, four lanes are arranged from left to right along the direction perpendicular to the coal body to be mined, namely, the left lane, the left middle lane, the right middle lane and the right lane. A coal pillar of a certain width is arranged between the left middle lane and the right middle lane; S2. Arrange a left transfer machine, a right transfer machine and a scraper conveyor for connecting the two transfer machines at the working face. The left transfer machine is arranged in the left lane, the right transfer machine is arranged in the right lane, and the scraper conveyor is arranged at the mining end of the working face; S3, the left middle lane and the right middle lane are material lanes, where materials and supplies needed for the conveying working face as well as power and water transmission equipment are arranged; S4. Two coal mining machines are used during working face mining to mine the extra-long working face coal body and coal pillars from the left lane to the right lane.

2. The super-long working face mining method according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the scraper conveyor arrangement method comprises: Arrange the left scraper conveyor between the left lane and the left middle lane; Arrange the right scraper conveyor between the right lane and the right middle lane; The tail of the left scraper conveyor and the tail of the right scraper conveyor are arranged in parallel to form an integral tail, and the integral tail is arranged in an undercover manner at the corresponding left middle lane position.

3. An ultra-long working face mining method as described in claim 2, wherein a left scraper conveyor telescopic tail adjustment jack is provided at the tail of the left scraper conveyor, and a right scraper conveyor telescopic tail adjustment jack is provided at the tail of the right scraper conveyor, and the two sets of jacks are used to adjust the position of the overall tail in the left middle lane to ensure that the coal mining machine can cut through the solid coal of the left half of the working face, the solid coal of the right half of the working face and the coal pillar, while preventing the underlying part of the overall tail from interfering with the working face and the bottom plate of the coal pillar.

4. An ultra-long working face mining method as described in claim 2 or 3, wherein the left scraper conveyor tail is provided with a left scraper conveyor tail pad, and the right scraper conveyor tail is provided with a right scraper conveyor tail pad, and the two sets of tail pads are used to adjust the height of the integral tail so that the integral tail pin rail is kept level with the pin rail of the middle groove of the scraper conveyor, so that two coal mining machines can pass through the integral tail.

5. An ultra-long working face mining method as described in any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the three lanes of the left lane, the right middle lane and the right lane are arranged along the working face bottom plate, the left middle lane is an undercover arrangement, and the integral machine tail is arranged at the left middle lane position.

6. An ultra-long working face mining method as described in any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein in S2, when the scraper conveyor is arranged, the pin rail of the left scraper conveyor head starting slope change line groove and the pin rail of the right scraper conveyor head starting slope change line groove have a certain slope, and the pin rails and the bottom plate of the remaining part of the left scraper conveyor and the remaining part of the right scraper conveyor are in a horizontal state.

7. A super-long working face mining method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in S4, the working face coal resources include the left half working face solid coal between the left lane and the left middle lane, the right half working face solid coal between the right lane and the right middle lane, and the coal pillar between the left middle lane and the right middle lane, and the left half working face solid coal, the right half working face solid coal and the middle lane coal pillar constitute the super-long working face.

8. A super-long working face mining method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in S4, two coal mining machines start mining from the solid coal of the left half working face and the solid coal of the right half working face respectively, and both coal mining machines can cross the integral machine tail, alternately cut the solid coal of the left half working face and the solid coal of the right half working face, realize the coordinated linkage of the left and right coal mining machines, and the coal mining machines can recover the coal pillars between the left middle lane and the right middle lane.

9. An ultra-long working face mining method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in S3, the right middle lane is excavated along the working face bottom plate, and a middle trough of a scraper conveyor is arranged at the location of the right middle lane so that the coal mining machine can normally cut the coal pillars and can recover the coal pillars normally.

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