Device, accelerator, decelerator, and nuclear transformation system

Abstract

[Problem] Here considered is a system for nuclear transformation of nuclei through use of muons. When a target using carbon atoms is used as a muon target, the problem arises that carbon atoms become radioactivated to a high degree by high-energy proton irradiation, and there is thus a need to devise a system in which the muon target is not readily radioactivated. There is also a need to devise a system in which the burden of target replacement is reduced. In addition, the muons may not readily react with the raw material atoms of the target due to high speed. [Solution] Provided is a system in which cosmic muons generated by cosmic rays or high-speed muons derived from intermediate particles generated from atomic collisions are decelerated using an electric field / deceleration means and used for nuclear transformation. Also provided are a decelerator using a laser wakefield and a decelerator using an element that forms an electric field. The muons are used for nuclear transformation by causing hydrogen to bond with carbon-12 or nitrogen, boron, or the like, for example.

Description

Devices, accelerators, decelerators, and nuclear transmutation systems

[0001] <Incorporation by Reference> The present invention, This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-150635, filed on September 18, 2023, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-151787, filed on September 19, 2023, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-174791, filed on October 6, 2023, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-174037, filed on October 6, 2023, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-174180, filed October 6, 2023, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-196029, filed November 17, 2023, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-196327, filed November 19, 2023, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-011380, filed January 29, 2024, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-058388, filed March 31, 2024, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-065053, filed April 14, 2024, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-072096, filed April 26, 2024, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to International Application No. PCT Application No. PCT / JP2024 / 016620, filed April 28, 2024, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-082974, filed May 22, 2024, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-122912, filed July 29, 2024, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. The present invention is an invention related to nuclear energy. The present invention relates to a muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion system. (This is an application based on an idea and requires demonstration.)

[0002] As shown in Non-Patent Document 1, a muon catalytic nuclear fusion method (muon catalytic nuclear fusion) is known.

[0003] Hydrogen molecules containing deuterium D and tritium T are made into a liquid, and muons are introduced into the liquid, causing the muons to act as a catalyst for nuclear fusion and initiate a nuclear fusion reaction. However, in the case of hydrogen molecules, the charge of the nucleus after fusion increases from +1 for hydrogen atoms to +2 for helium atoms, and the muons are captured and trapped by the Coulomb force by the nucleus, helium nucleus, and alpha particle nucleus, which have a charge of +2, causing the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion to stop (make it difficult to react).

[0004] According to Non-Patent Document 2, a thermonuclear fusion method using protons and boron is known. A problem with thermonuclear fusion reactors is the high-energy neutron rays that can activate the fusion reactor through D-T and D-D reactions. As a solution to this problem, systems using protons and boron (P-11B system, proton-boron system) that do not or are unlikely to emit neutrons are being considered. When using the P-11B system in a thermonuclear fusion reactor, there is a problem in that the temperature at which thermonuclear fusion occurs must be 10 times higher than in a D-T system.

[0005] High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Muon-Catalyzed Nuclear Fusion [Internet, Web page, URL: https: / / www2.kek.jp / imss / msl / muon-tour / fusion.html, accessed September 18, 2023]

[0006] National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS) Demonstrates Fusion Reaction Using Advanced Fusion Fuel - First Step Toward a Clean Fusion Reactor Utilizing a Hydrogen-Boron Reaction That Does Not Produce Neutrons - [Internet Web Page, URL: https: / / www.nifs.ac.jp / news / researches / 230309-01.html, accessed September 18, 2023]

[0007] <Problem> In muon-catalyzed fusion systems using hydrogen atoms and hydrogen molecules, muons are captured and trapped by Coulomb forces, causing the muon-catalyzed fusion to stop (become less reactive). Furthermore, in muon-catalyzed fusion systems using deuterium D or tritium T, neutrons are generated that could potentially radioactively activate components of the fusion reactor or fusion system. However, it may be possible to have a system that does not generate neutrons. <0033> <Problem> In known muon-catalyzed fusion systems, muons are attached to, captured, or trapped by helium, a product of fusion, rather than by the fusion fuel material, such as hydrogen, deuterium D, or tritium T, causing the catalytic fusion to stop. We wanted to solve the problem of muons being captured by the product of fusion rather than the fusion fuel material, making it difficult for the muon-catalyzed fusion reaction to proceed. We also wanted to devise a system that is less likely to generate neutrons. <0059> <Problem> In known muon-catalyzed fusion, when using fusion fuel materials such as hydrogen, deuterium (D), and tritium (T), muons attach, capture, and trap in the helium product after fusion, resulting in the halt of catalytic fusion. We sought to solve this problem, where muons are captured not by the fusion fuel material but by the product after fusion, making it difficult for the muon-catalyzed fusion reaction to proceed. <0060> <Problem> We want to make it easier to replace the muon target without shutting down a muon fusion reactor. (We want to reduce downtime during target replacement and extend target life.) We also want to miniaturize the muon generation unit and accelerator. <0061> <Problem> Problems the invention aims to solve: <Problems of muon target activation and replacement, reducing maintenance and downtime during which muons cannot be generated> When generating muons, an accelerated high-energy proton beam is irradiated onto a carbon or lithium muon generation target to generate pions, pions, and muons. During this process, the target section for generating pions and muons, or the muon target, which is irradiated with the proton beam, deteriorates and becomes radioactive with use, necessitating replacement. The target becomes highly radioactive, to the point where it is difficult for humans to approach. Replacing the muon target poses the problem of shutting down the muon generator and muon fusion system. To address this issue, a rotating muon target has been developed, in which the target section rotates to distribute and average the irradiation time across other parts of a rotatable disk.In muon fusion systems, it would be commercially advantageous if muon target replacement and maintenance could be performed without shutting down the muon generation unit while the muon fusion system is running (reducing downtime when muons cannot be generated). This would allow muon fusion power plants to avoid having to shut down power generation for three weeks, for example, once every six months for muon target replacement. <0066> <Problem> <Miniaturization of muon-generating devices, and the need for compact accelerators and muon generators> It is desirable to miniaturize muon-generating systems (accelerators, accelerating cavities, and bending magnets). When installing such fusion systems on transportation equipment, spacecraft, spacecraft, aircraft, vehicles, ships, submarines, and various facilities and robots, it would be desirable to reduce the size of the system, including the accelerator and muon generator. <0077> <Problem> Using carbon materials or bulk carbon targets with carbon atoms as muon targets poses the problem of the carbon atoms becoming highly radioactive when irradiated with high-energy protons. Similar problems may also arise when using beryllium or lithium as the target. We would like to devise a system that makes the muon target less likely to become radioactive. Also, when the muon target undergoes a knockout reaction, the atomic nuclei within the target are transformed and escape as alpha rays, etc., increasing the number of voids, making the target brittle and unusable, and requiring replacement; however, we would like to devise a system that reduces the burden and labor required for target replacement. <0082> <Problem> We are considering a device to slow down muons. We would like to slow down cosmic muons originating from natural cosmic rays over a large area. We would like to slow down muons obtained from mesons obtained by artificial means, such as by colliding particles accelerated by an accelerator.

[0008] In muon-catalyzed fusion, muons are brought close to hydrogen atoms, the fuel material prior to fusion, to cause fusion. However, the helium nuclei of the fusion nuclei have a higher charge than the hydrogen nuclei prior to fusion, making them more likely to capture muons. Therefore, in this invention, a system that reverses this charge change is disclosed in Example 1 of FIG. 1 , which uses protons and boron. An assumed example of a spacecraft 3 / transport device 3 equipped with this system is also shown in FIG. 5 . <0033> <Problem> <Solution> In muon-catalyzed fusion, a fusion reaction system is used in which, when nuclei fuse, the charge of the nuclei of the material produced by fusion is smaller than the charge of the nuclei of the atoms that serve as the fusion fuel. Specifically, a muon-catalyzed fusion system is proposed that uses protons and boron as the fusion fuel, or diborane, which contains protons and boron as hydrogen molecules. <0027> While protons are irradiated onto boron in Figure 1, as shown in Figure 6, borane, diborane B2H6, or boron hydride, in which boron is pre-bonded with protons and hydrogen atoms, may be used for the target portion T1. For example, liquefied diborane may be used for the fusion fuel F1 or target T1. The system shown in Figure 6 uses diborane containing hydrogen and protons, which may advantageously eliminate the need for the proton introduction portion P1 shown in Figure 1, etc. <0028> Figure 7 illustrates a system 1F-SYS-RAM in which diborane is pressurized, compressed, and circulated to irradiate it with muons and induce nuclear fusion. (Figure 7 is one example / embodiment of Figure 6.) Figure 7 is a hypothetical diagram of a system using the present diborane applied to a system in which a fusion fuel fluid having a known ramjet section is circulated in a closed-loop system. <0029> The diborane in the 1F-SYS-RAM system of Figure 7 is pressurized and compressed by the compressor PUMP and circulated. The pressurized fluid diborane is further compressed by the compressor unit RAM to form a compressed BH1 portion (PBH1 portion). Muons are irradiated onto PBH1 from the muon irradiation unit M1, promoting nuclear fusion. (Because diborane is compressed, its density increases, making it easier for it to come into contact with, approach, and interact with muons, and it is expected that the catalytic nuclear fusion reaction will occur more easily.) <0030> The system 1F-SYS-RAM of Figure 7 has the advantage that protons and boron can be supplied to the system together as diborane, which is a hydrogen-boron bond.Not only is the proton introduction section P1 unnecessary, but it is also possible to add fuel to the system and remove He (degassing) from the system (using a helium (He) removal section, diborane fuel supply section, and feed control section FEEDC). <0031> Also, considering the susceptibility to contamination by impurities with atomic numbers higher than that of boron, diborane, a gas that can be purified, may be better than solid boron. (Solid boron requires production, purification, and refinement as a solid crystal.) As mentioned in paragraph 0024 of this application using sodium borohydride NaBH4 as an example, this application is considered to dislike the presence of atoms with atomic numbers higher than that of the fusion fuel, post-nuclear fusion products EX1, or impurities in the fuel. *Although a proton-boron fusion system is presented as an example, to avoid limiting the scope of the invention, the conditions of this invention may be more general, such as a system in which the charge of the substance produced during nuclei fusion is smaller than the charge of the atoms that become the fusion fuel. (And it may also be possible to have systems that do not generate neutrons or that are less likely to do so.)

[0009] <0060> <Problem> <Solution> A circular accelerator (Fixed Field Strong Focus Accelerator (FFAG accelerator), MERIT ring / MERIT accelerator *MERIT: Multiple Energy Recovery Internal Target) uses a wedge-shaped or thin disk / plate (insertable) movable target. The movable target may be replaceable by a replacement device, or may be equipped with two or more movable target sections and muon capture solenoid / muon extraction sections, allowing the movable target section to be moved in and out or back and forth from the outer periphery of the accelerator toward the inner periphery (the MOVE section in Figure 12). Pions and muons may be generated by irradiating the movable target with a proton particle beam. <0062> <Solution> <Means for Solving the Problem> <Form for Carrying Out the Invention> <Extending muon target life and reducing downtime with rotating muon target MU-DISK-TGT> In the circular accelerator 2MU-ACC-RING (FFAG accelerator 2MU-FFAG, MERIT ring, MERIT accelerator 2MU-MERIT-RING), (particularly in the MERIT-type ring) the muon target part is arranged to protrude in a wedge shape, and the rotating target part is a cartwheel-type with a thin, sharp outer periphery (sharp, protruding in a wedge shape), or a thin, thin outer periphery. By using a rotating target MU-DISK-TGT in the shape of a record or disk, resembling a sharp rotating saw (a thin, narrow disk with a sharpened outer edge, or a wedge-shaped rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT, as shown in Figures 10, 11, and 12), we aim to suppress and average out the activation of the MERIT-type wedge-shaped muon target (a fixed muon target), extend the life of the muon target, delay activation, and increase the amount of time the muon target can be used.* For example, a rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT or MU-DISK-TGT, which may be a wedge or triangle with the cross section of one side of the disk tapering toward the periphery (or a thin disk), as shown in Figures 10, 11, and 12, may be configured, and a movable muon target unit (2MU-GEN-ROT-TGT) equipped with a rotation means such as a motor to rotate the rotating muon target and a rotation support means such as a bearing may be configured, and the acceleration The muon target units MU-MOVABLE-TGT and MU-DISK-TGT may be inserted (or removed) into the particle beam orbit of the accelerator (2MU-FFAG, 2MU-ACC-RING, 2MU-MERIT-RING) toward the particle orbit on the outer periphery of the vessel. A rotating muon target unit 2MU-GEN-ROT-TGT may be provided in the target unit and pion-muon generation unit of the muon generation device 2MU. (*If we think of the circular accelerator as a doughnut, a rotating muon target like a rotary saw can be inserted, extracted, and moved in the poloidal direction into the outer periphery of the doughnut, where particles circulate, at the protruding wedge of the MERIT ring. A rotating target that can make cuts in the ring with a rotary saw or perform an extraction operation can be inserted and extracted into the 2MU-MERIT-RING in Figures 10 and 12.) *As shown in Figure 10, a wedge-shaped rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT, or a rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT with a thin, plate-shaped movable part (the target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT can be rotatable, The shape of the target can be a wedge shape, a shape with a thin protruding part in the ring, or a thin plate shape so that the particles can regain their energy inside the MERIT ring or circular accelerator after the MERIT particle beam hits the target. *In Figure 10, the rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT (wedge-shaped or with a thin part) is inserted into a part of the outer periphery of the accelerator cross section (so as to collide with the orbit of the accelerated particle beam circling the outer periphery) and is rotatable, like a rotating saw that cuts the outer periphery where the particles pass so that it is perpendicular to the circular or doughnut-shaped toroidal direction of the evacuated particle accelerator, circular accelerator, FFAG, and MERIT ring.10, 11, 12, and 13, the particle accelerator may be operated and rotated, or the movable muon target may be inserted and moved (MOVE), or the movable muon target may be exchanged (EXCHANGE / SET) while maintaining a vacuum. A motor (MU-TGT-MOT) and bearings (MU-TGT-BRG) are used for rotation. The wedge-shaped rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT attached to the axis (AXIS-TGT-BRG) rotates across the outer periphery of the circular accelerator, FFAG, and MERIT ring (part of the outer periphery of the ring doughnut. *Cross-sectional view CS in Figure 10, cross-sectional view CS from point CSP1 to CSP2).

[0010] <Replacement of muon target activation and removal of activated portions> Furthermore, when a wedge-shaped rotating muon target is activated, its activated tip can be removed by cutting, milling, or cutting, as shown in the right diagram of Figure 11, and the less activated portion can be recycled and reused. Machines or robots can also be used for unmanned operation. With a rotating muon target, activation occurs near the wedge-shaped, thinner portion compared to a fixed target or a thick rotating target. This reduces the thickness and volume of the area irradiated with the proton ion beam, potentially leading to a reduction in activated radioactive waste. <A system for milling and maintenance of the beam-irradiated portion of a rotating muon target that is undergoing muon target activation during muon generation operation or accelerator operation, and for grinding and removing the activated portion. This system mills, polishes, and removes the target before it becomes highly activated during muon generation operation, accelerator operation, or device operation. > Wedge-shaped rotating muon target As shown in the right diagram of Figure 11, the rotating target part can be polished or removed by bringing a grinding stone or a device capable of polishing or removing part of the target close to the irradiated part of the disk while the muon generator, accelerator, and MERIT ring are in operation. Also, the activated part can be polished, removed, or removed using a cutting and removal device. (If polishing is exhausted and the disk surface cannot be polished and formed while in operation, it can be replaced with a new disk using a disk exchange machine or robot arm.)

[0011] <0063> <Automated replacement of movable muon targets> Figure 10 shows a system for exchanging muon targets as an example of a system for exchanging a wedge-shaped rotating muon target for muon generation after activation by proton irradiation, and an example of a system for exchanging targets when the muon target extraction port is fixed in one place. <0064> For example, a device / robot unit (TGT EXCANGE ROBOT / ARM (JUKE BOX MACHINE) that can exchange records / disks (wedge-shaped rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT) using a robot arm, like a jukebox. A wedge-shaped rotating muon target (MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT) and multiple wedge-shaped rotating muon targets (MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT) may be mounted on an axis (2TGT-EXCHANGE-AXIS) that can be rotated by a motor or the like (2TGT-EXCHANGE-MOT) (like the rotating magazine of a revolver), and a magazine section, disk holder, and arm (2TGT-EXCHANGE-ARM) that can be rotated by the rotation means 2TGT-EXCHANGE-MOT, and the wedge-shaped rotating muon target may be replaced by rotating the arm. Replacement may be automated. <0065> Figure 12 shows a replacement and exchange system for a wedge-shaped rotating target for muon generation after activation by proton irradiation (when muon extraction ports and solenoids are arranged in two locations, and one extraction port is stopped to replace the target). Although two systems are required for the muon extraction port, solenoid, and muon irradiation system for the fusion fuel, the aforementioned replacement rotation mechanism is not required, and the irradiation system and target T1 in the fusion reaction section can also be dual-systems, aiming to reduce downtime during which power cannot be generated. (Although two systems are shown in Figure 12, multiple systems are also possible.) Figure 12 shows two or more wedge-shaped rotating targets and muon capture solenoids / muon extraction sections, allowing the movable muon target / wedge-shaped rotating target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT to be inserted / removed, moved back and forth, and inserted (shown as MOVE in Figure 12) from the outer periphery toward the inner periphery of the accelerator. By moving (MOVE), pushing, inserting, withdrawing, and pulling back the movable target within the MERIT ring, the proton beam can be controlled to impinge on or off the wedge-shaped rotating target by the aforementioned MOVE step and insertion / removal step, enabling on / off control of pion / muon generation at one of the extraction ports.When replacing the target part in Figure 12, it is completely pulled out and pulled back from the MERIT ring for maintenance replacement. Replacement etc. may be automated using a machine / robot (TGT EXCANGE ROBOT / ARM).

[0012] <0082> <Solution> <Means for solving the problem> The invention relating to the solution is described in the present specification and in Figures 18 to 20. Also, Figure 21 shows transportation equipment 3 and structures 3 that slow down cosmic rays or cosmic muons and use them for nuclear transmutation, and use the energy generated by the nuclear transmutation as an energy source for propulsion and power generation.

[0013] <Ionization Cooling> Negative muons may be slowed down using ionization cooling. Ionization cooling is based on the process of passing a properly prepared muon beam through an appropriate material (absorber), where it loses momentum and slows down through ionization. The use of absorbers with low atomic number Z, such as hydrogen or lithium, is preferred. Cooling using both liquid hydrogen and lithium hydride absorbers is known from the following literature 1. (Reference 1: International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) collaboration, Nature volume 578, pages 53-59 (2020)) A part of a solenoid cooling / deceleration channel may be constructed and operated to perform ionization cooling and deceleration of muons using both liquid hydrogen and lithium hydride absorbers. *The target T1 for muon fusion / transmutation may also be made of an atom with low atomic number Z, such as azan (containing nitrogen-15 and hydrogen) or borane (containing boron and hydrogen) (e.g., carbon-12), which binds muons to promote nuclear transmutation in this application. *Muons may be bonded to hydrogen ions to form muonic atoms and then decelerated. Muons may also be bonded to atoms heavier than hydrogen, such as boron or nitrogen, to form muonic boron atoms, muonic nitrogen atoms MP1, MA1, etc. (MP1, MA1 are decelerated), and then injected into the fuel material target section T1 containing hydrogen. (In the configuration of B in FIG. 16 , a muonic atom MA1 of atom A may be formed, and MA1 may be decelerated by some means using an electric field (magnetic field). Thereafter, MA1 may be irradiated with, injected into, or collided with a target part T1-B which may contain atom B for nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation, thereby causing muonic nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation. <Frictional cooling> * A carbon film may be placed on the target part T1 which is irradiated with negative muons, and the muons may be decelerated by friction as they pass through the carbon film (frictional deceleration or frictional cooling). The muons may be attenuated by a carbon film containing carbon-12 (or a carbon film for frictional cooling made of carbon-12) for frictional cooling (frictional deceleration), or the decelerated muons may bond with carbon-12 within the carbon film, and the carbon-12 may then be muon-transmuted. * In addition to the carbon film, solid or liquid parts which have low Z and can become T1-FEED, such as boron hydride, may also be considered. An ionization cooling effect may also be used in combination with a carbon film containing a low Z element such as hydrogen.<Decelerator using a deceleration cavity> A particle accelerator or linear accelerator may be used for muon deceleration. The configuration using a pulsed power supply and deceleration cells described in the following reference is publicly known and may be used in the muon deceleration section of this application. (Reference: Negative muon decelerator for condensed matter research, Proceedings of the 16th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan, July 31 - August 3, 2019, Kyoto, Japan, PASJ2019 FRPI008)

[0014] <Anticipated Implementation Example> <Muon Decelerator Using a Pulsed Laser> Figure 18 shows the muon decelerator 2MUDECE and nuclear transmutation system 1EXP-SYS, which use a laser wakefield using a pulsed laser. Figure 18 is similar in configuration to an inertial confinement fusion reactor using laser irradiation. However, in order to receive and decelerate muons raining down from space or muons originating from an accelerator or pion generator, Figure 18 does not require laser irradiation from all directions (symmetrical directions) as in the inertial confinement method. Instead, the target area may be laser-irradiated in a direction that will receive the high-speed muons. For example, Figure 18 (A) shows a configuration in which, when high-speed cosmic muons enter the Earth's atmosphere from space, the air, or the sky, a pulsed laser is irradiated onto the central target area T1 (facing the incoming muons in (B)) to form a laser wakefield and attempt to decelerate the muons. Furthermore, the example of Figure 18 is not limited to the use of cosmic muons. In Figure 18, artificial muons M1 generated using an accelerator / accelerated particle collision process may be decelerated and injected into target T1. A laser may be irradiated onto the target portion so that the artificial muons can be irradiated onto the target portion and the muons can be decelerated.) *In one embodiment of the present application, it is sufficient to implement a configuration in which a pulsed laser capable of forming a laser wakefield or electric field can be irradiated onto target portion T1. T1 may be a target capable of nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation. In one embodiment, the nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation system may use an atom with a small atomic number Z, such as carbon, nitrogen, boron, or hydrogen, for T1. *For example, in a muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion reaction between hydrogen atoms (H, D, T), helium is produced and the muons are trapped by the helium, causing the catalytic nuclear fusion reaction to stop. However, if the energy produced by the nuclear fusion between hydrogen atoms exceeds the energy obtained by slowing down natural cosmic rays / cosmic muons and utilizing it, or if the balance is balanced, it may be possible to use it as an energy source. Therefore, in this application, it is permissible to attempt nuclear fusion between hydrogen atoms in a system 1EXP-SYS having a part that slows down cosmic muons, such as that shown in Figure 18, or in a structure 3 / transport equipment 3 that includes such a system.(*Although a configuration in which deceleration is performed using an electric field is described, the trajectory of the high-speed muon may be changed by a magnetic field if this is possible. Muons may be injected into the target section T1 by combining an electric field for deceleration and a magnetic field for deceleration and trajectory change.) Figure 18(A): An explanatory diagram of the decelerator 2MUDECE, in which, when high-speed cosmic muons enter the ground from space / air / sky, a pulsed laser is irradiated from a hemispherical dome-shaped laser irradiation section located on the ground to the central target section T1 on the space / air / sky side, turning the target section into plasma and generating a laser wakefield and electric field facing the space / air / sky side, which are used to decelerate the muon. Also, high-speed muons M1F generated by the muon generator M1 may enter T1, where a laser wakefield and electric field are formed, slowing M1F down to M1L, which then bonds with atoms in T1. Figure 18(B): An explanatory diagram of pulsed laser injection from the laser irradiation unit MDCL onto the target unit T1 in Figure 18(A), a diagram of muon injection and deceleration, and an explanatory diagram of the formation of plasma 2LASER-PLASMA and laser wakefield LWF / electric field 2LASER-EF. Figure 18(C): An explanatory diagram of a case in which the decelerators 2MUDECE in Figure 18(A) are arranged horizontally in a row to form an array of decelerators. *Cosmic muons reach the air or ground at a rate of one per second per 60 cm2. For example, 1.6 x 10^8 muons can reach an area of ​​1 km x 1 km per second. Therefore, a configuration in which decelerators 2MUDECE are arranged to cover this area was envisioned. *The array may be installed on land, sea, air, or space transport equipment 3. Since muons can reach shallow waters, it may also be installed on submarines or underwater vehicles 3. *In one embodiment of the present application, the system may be a system capable of irradiating a pulsed laser and irradiating cosmic muons or high-speed muons.

[0015] <Anticipated Example of Implementation> <Muon Decelerator Using an Element That Generates an Electric Field> As an example of using an electric field, an element (which may include an electric double layer generation unit) capable of generating an electric field composed of atoms with a small atomic number Z is shown in FIG. 20. The device of FIG. 20 may be capable of applying a pulse voltage / potential difference between electrodes 2ER using a power supply unit so that the electric field can be generated in a pulsed manner. As one embodiment of the present application, the configuration of FIG. 19(A) may be implemented using the device of FIG. 20. *FIG. 20 shows an example of an element that generates an electric field. In the system described in FIG. 20, when muons are incident on an electrode, an insulator layer, etc., a decelerator / decelerating element composed of atoms with a small atomic number Z that are difficult to trap or weakly interact with the muon may be used at the point of incidence.

[0016] <Transportation equipment 3, spacecraft 3, space structure, and habitat 3 capable of obtaining muons from cosmic rays> Figure 21 shows an explanatory diagram of a transportation equipment 3, spacecraft 3, or space structure 3 that can receive cosmic rays, generate mesons and muons, and use them. The equipment 3 and structure 3 may be equipped with the muon decelerator arrays shown in Figures 18 to 20. 1EXP-SYS is a power source that can be used even in places where sunlight does not reach, such as the surface of the moon, and is envisioned as a nuclear battery, muon fusion battery, or muon transmutation battery that uses cosmic rays. The cosmic rays (COSRAY1) are received by a cosmic ray receiver in the transportation equipment or structure 3, and mesons, pions, and muons are generated by a cosmic ray-muon conversion unit 2MU-COSRAY. The muons may then be recovered (decelerated by a decelerator 2MUDECE) and transported to and irradiated on a target T1. *The idea is that (similar to how natural sunlight used in solar power generation is captured by large-area solar cells and photoelectric conversion elements and collected by electrical circuits for use as electricity), for example, a large space habitat could be equipped with a cosmic ray-muon conversion unit 2MU-COSRAY that captures natural cosmic rays, which could be large in area, and a decelerator array unit that slows down the muons generated by the conversion unit, and (using something like a large-area net to capture cosmic rays and muons and something like a circuit to slow down and collect the muons) muons that are slower than cosmic rays could be harvested and irradiated onto target T1 for nuclear transmutation and power generation, which could be used to power and propel structure 3. *An accelerator could be installed on transportation equipment 3, and this accelerator could be used to accelerate and collide particles to generate mesons, pions, and muons, which could then be slowed down and used in a muon-based nuclear transmutation system. *The target part or muon target part (SMR1, 2MU-COSRAY) that collides with cosmic rays may be provided on transportation equipment 3 such as a cosmic ray, artificial satellite, space probe, or space structure, and the target part may contain gas (including helium, hydrogen atoms, and atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen atoms). The target part may also contain liquid such as water.

[0017] <Cosmic ray source> Cosmic rays coming from outside or inside the solar system may be used as a source of cosmic rays (accelerated protons, helium ions, etc.). *Muon generators using known accelerators can generate 100 to 100 million muons per second per beam of several centimeters. On the other hand, on the ground or in the sky, muons originating from cosmic rays rain down on the palm of your hand at one per second. If a muon moderator array, muon capturer / capture circuit, and muon injection unit into the target could be configured over an area / zone equivalent to 1,000 palms, it may be possible to use 1,000 muons per second for nuclear transmutation without using an accelerator. Therefore, this application proposes a system for utilizing, slowing down, and capturing cosmic rays or cosmic muons over a large area. These muons may be used in the nuclear transmutation system of this application (for power generation by nuclear fusion / nuclear transmutation, and nuclear transmutation).

[0018] Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram of a muon-catalyzed fusion system using boron and protons. Figure 2 shows an example of a fusion reaction system characterized by the fact that, when atomic nuclei fuse, the charge of the nuclei of the material produced by fusion is smaller than the charge of the nuclei of the atoms that serve as the fusion fuel. Figure 3 is an explanatory diagram of a muon-catalyzed fusion system using lithium and protons. Figure 4 is a comparative explanatory diagram of a muon-catalyzed fusion system using D or T and a muon-catalyzed fusion system using protons and B or Li. (The upper part of Figure 4 shows the system using D and T, while the lower part of Figure 4 shows the system using protons and B or Li.) A diagram of the fusion reactor 1R and its application examples. Figure 6 is an explanatory diagram and hypothetical illustration of a muon-catalyzed fusion system using diborane, boron hydride, and azan. (This diagram illustrates a system in Figure 1 where the target T1 is diborane and azan, excluding the proton irradiation portion.) Figure 7 is an explanatory diagram of a muon-catalyzed fusion system using a diborane and boron hydride portion pressurized using a ramjet method. Figure 8 is an explanatory diagram of a system in which boron hydride such as diborane and muonic hydrogen atoms are mixed and compressed in the compression section. Figure 9 is an example of a system with a compression section and a heating section. An explanatory diagram of a case in which a movable muon target for muon generation and a rotating muon target are inserted into a MERIT accelerator and MERIT ring (which may be equipped with a laser irradiation system), and the target is rotated and made movable to expose the target to a particle beam to generate pions and muons. (The cross section of the rotating disk may be thin, or it may be wedge-shaped, with a thinner outer periphery.) An explanatory diagram of mechanical replacement of a disk-shaped movable muon target. An explanatory diagram of a case in which one extraction port is stopped, the movable muon target section is removed and moved from the accelerator, and the muon target section is replaced with another muon target. An explanatory diagram of an apparatus using a movable muon target to perform muon target replacement and particle collisions with the muon target and pion-muon generation in parallel, and a muon nuclear fusion / muon nuclear transmutation system. An explanatory diagram of a meson / muon production system in which the movable muon target contains hydrogen atoms, protons, or helium atoms. An explanatory diagram of a meson / muon production system that uses helium atoms (or hydrogen atoms or positively charged particles) moving in a circular accelerator as the muon target. An explanatory diagram of a nuclear fusion system, nuclear transmutation system, and atom production system that uses a meson production system.1 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of the present application in which cosmic muons or high-speed muons are decelerated and irradiated, injected, and bonded to atoms in a target T1 to attempt nuclear transmutation or nuclear fusion. (A) An example in which high-speed cosmic muons are decelerated using a dome-shaped decelerator array covering the celestial sphere, space, and sky sides of a ground-side target T1, and irradiated to T1 to attempt nuclear transmutation. (B) An example in which a laser is directly irradiated onto the source atomic / molecular target T1 to form an electric field capable of decelerating the muons, thereby attempting muon nuclear fusion or muon nuclear transmutation of T1. An explanatory diagram of an example in which a pulsed laser is directly irradiated onto the source atomic / molecular target T1 to form an electric field capable of decelerating the muons, thereby decelerating the muons, and bonding the muons to atoms in T1 to attempt muon nuclear fusion or muon nuclear transmutation. An explanatory diagram of a configuration in which an element that generates an electric field is used in a muon decelerator. (A) An explanatory diagram of decelerating muons using an element that generates an electric field. (A) A configuration in which muons incident on the target section T1 may rotate due to the magnetic field B and move within the atoms in the target section. (B) An explanatory diagram of the use of a pyroelectric body and an array of pyroelectric bodies to form a deceleration electric field and decelerate muons using the electric field. (B) A configuration in which the temperature of the end of a pyroelectric body is changed to generate an electric field in the pyroelectric body, and this electric field is used as a means for decelerating muons. An explanatory diagram of an element that forms an electric field. (A) When a capacitor element using electrodes and an insulator / dielectric is used. (B1) When an electric double layer capacitor type element is used. (B2) An explanatory diagram of an element including an electric double layer portion. An explanatory diagram of a transportation device / structure 3 equipped with a part that generates mesons / muons from cosmic rays. An explanatory diagram of an assumed nuclear transmutation / nuclear fusion system using muons, taking into account the muon nuclear capture reaction when muons are irradiated and injected into ammonia containing nitrogen-15. An explanatory diagram of an assumed nuclear transmutation / fusion system that uses muons, taking into account the muon nuclear capture reaction when muons are irradiated into boron hydride containing boron-11 (a system of boron hydride anions and lithium cations). An explanatory diagram of communication system 1NUT-COM and communication system 1MU-COM. An explanatory diagram of communication system 1NUT-COM. An explanatory diagram of a configuration in which muons M1 are irradiated onto target T1 in vessels 4D-MUCF / 4T-MUCF equipped with coil 2COIL, and the target is confined and moved by a magnetic field.Figure 1 in the upper left of Figure 28 is an explanatory diagram of System 1 using a vacuum pump 4RFP that uses a deep eutectic solvent or the like as the working fluid. (This is an example of using a Sprengel pump as Pump Example 1.) Figure 2 in the upper right of Figure 28 is an explanatory diagram of System 1. (This is an explanatory diagram of System 1 used as a food pump as Pump Example 2. The pump type may be a liquid ring pump, rotary pump, or other pump that uses a working fluid.) Figure 3 in the lower left of Figure 28 is a comparison diagram of a vacuum evacuation system including a low vacuum pump RP and a high vacuum pump FP with the vacuum pump 4RFP and System 1 of the present invention, and is an explanatory diagram of the combination. Figure 4 in the lower right of Figure 28 is an explanatory diagram of a general liquid ring pump and rotary pump. (For example, NADES or ionic liquid IL is used for the working fluid, liquid ring, liquid ring, and seal.) Figure 29 is an explanatory diagram of one of the coils of the annular vacuum vessel 4D. (Annular vacuum vessel: includes donut-shaped, annular vacuum chamber, plasma vessel 4D, 4D-T, 4D-ST, 4D-H. Coil 4C-EDL) Figure 30 is an explanatory diagram of an annular vacuum vessel. (May be equipped with a rotation means 4ROT for the annular vacuum vessel.) Figure 31 is an explanatory diagram of a vacuum vessel using a motor and bearings for the rotation means 4ROT (4ROT is a motor / rocket motor). Figure 32 is an explanatory diagram of a vacuum vessel equipped with a propulsion device (propulsion device 4ROT-TH). Figure 33(A) is an explanatory diagram of a cylindrical tubular vacuum vessel (4T, 4T-IN) rotating in the circumferential direction and theta direction of the cylinder (an example of rotating a cylindrical tubular vacuum vessel used for magnetic mirror type, magnetic field reversed configuration type, etc.), and (B) is an explanatory diagram of a cylindrical vessel 4T / 4T-MUCF. Possible examples of muon nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation. (A) A hypothetical example of muonic fusion and nuclear transmutation of methane CD4, which is composed of carbon-12 and deuterium D. (B) A hypothetical example of muonic fusion and nuclear transmutation of deuterated carbon, a polymer / resin formed by combining deuterium and carbon-12. Specific example: A hypothetical example of muonic fusion within a deuterium carbide molecule (C2D4)n. An explanatory diagram of a hypothetical example of muonic fusion of H and F atoms within polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) resin. (In some configurations, the PVDF section may serve as both the target section T1 and the muon decelerator 2 (MUDECE).) An explanatory diagram of a hypothetical example of a muonic fusion system. An explanatory diagram of the system. An explanatory diagram of the decelerator. An explanatory diagram of an example of element arrangement. An explanatory diagram of the device. An explanatory diagram of an attempt to use a muonic fusion system to detonate and inject propellant into a threatening meteorite MTO, thereby changing the meteorite's orbit, attitude, and motion.An explanatory diagram of an attempt to split and fragment an MTO meteorite by exploding it from inside the meteorite using a muon fusion system using T1 loaded into a hole drilled inside the MTO meteorite. An explanatory diagram of an attempt to remotely explode an iron meteorite, which is difficult for radio waves to reach. An explanatory diagram of the device. An explanatory diagram of injecting fuel T1 into an iron meteorite using a centrifugal gun, and injecting and drilling a blast ball 3LOAD. An explanatory diagram of the centrifugal gun structure 2LPST. An explanatory diagram of the conversion unit. An explanatory diagram of a submarine 3SUBM. An explanatory diagram of a system for obtaining CT scans of celestial bodies, satellites, and meteorite MTOs. An explanatory diagram of a muography system for obtaining muography and CT scans of the human body and objects. An explanatory diagram of an aircraft / spacecraft 3. An explanatory and conceptual diagram of a propulsion device. An explanatory diagram of an example of a rocket propulsion device. The top of the diagram is an example of a solid rocket. The bottom of the diagram is an example of a solid-type self-eating rocket. An explanatory diagram of a device including a pressurization unit. An explanatory diagram of a muon generation device. An explanatory diagram of laser recording using an immersion exposure system that uses a liquid part NVLQ for immersion exposure. An explanatory diagram of an example including a system for supplying liquid NVLQ when using immersion exposure. An explanatory diagram of a recording device including a maintenance part 3 that may be capable of head maintenance, cleaning, and liquid NVLQ replenishment. An explanatory diagram of contact exposure using liquid NVLQ in photolithography, etc. An explanatory diagram of immersion exposure using liquid NVLQ. An explanatory diagram of Net 1 NET. (1PS: An example of a container that may be easy to sterilize and may be sanitary. 1 NET-LSE. 1 NET-LSE: 1 NET with a surface, coating, or film LSEF that can reduce the surface free energy and surface tension of fluororesin, silicone resin, wax, etc.) An explanatory diagram of a Net 1 NET package. An IC and RFID chip may be installed. An explanatory diagram of obtaining Net 1 NET packaging. An IC and RFID chip may be installed. An explanatory diagram of the Net 1 NET usage process. F100: 1 NET with a net-like part, 1 NET-LSE. 1NET-LSE: 1NET with a surface, coating, or film LSEF that can reduce the surface free energy and surface tension of fluororesin, silicone resin, wax, etc. F101: The process of opening the 1NET and removing the contents. F102: The process of washing the 1NET. F103: The process of washing the 1NET. The process of rubbing the 1NET (the process of twisting and rubbing the 1NET that can be bent and twisted), or the process of rinsing the surface of the 1NET.F104: Process of drying NET 1.

[0019] This application claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-065053, filed April 14, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference. <Figures 1 and 3> 1F-SYS: Diagram of a muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion system utilizing a nuclear fusion reaction using boron and protons. M1: Muon generation means, a means for injecting and irradiating a fusion fuel target T1 with muons. Example: A system using a particle accelerator capable of generating muons. P1: Proton generation means, a means for injecting and irradiating a fusion fuel target T1 with protons. Example: A particle accelerator capable of accelerating protons and injecting them into and irradiating the target. Fusion fuel elements in a boron-proton nuclear fusion reaction system. N1: Neutron generation means, a means for injecting and irradiating a fusion fuel target T1 with neutrons. Example: A particle accelerator capable of accelerating neutrons and injecting them into and irradiating the target. A1: Particle accelerator A1. T1: A target portion including a fusion fuel. Fusion fuels T1, F1. B1: The part of T1 that uses boron. Boron target. The boron may be molten. L1: The part of T1 that uses lithium. Lithium target. The lithium may be molten liquid lithium. EX1: Product EX1 after nuclear fusion. In Figures 1 and 3, this is helium He and alpha rays produced after nuclear fusion. <Figure 5> 3: Transportation equipment 1R: 1F-SYS, which is a nuclear fusion reactor. A nuclear fusion reactor including 1F-SYS. It may be equipped with a power generation unit that converts the energy of alpha rays into electrical energy. 1GENR: Power generation unit (a part that converts energy obtained by the nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS and nuclear transmutation system 1EXP-SYS into electricity) *Although not specified in Figure 5, the electricity derived from nuclear fusion generated by 1EXP-SYS, 1F-SYS, and 1R may be supplied to the muon generator M1 or the proton generator P1 and used to generate muons and protons. This electricity may be used to drive the system of the present invention and each part of the system. 1TH: A nuclear fusion application propulsion device and thrust generator including 1F-SYS. Propulsion means. Transportation means. (If 3 is a spacecraft, 1TH may be a particle beam emitter such as alpha rays, gamma rays, photons, or particles. If 3 is an aircraft, 1TH may be a propellant ejection unit that uses the power obtained from 1GENR to take in propellant and air, heat it, compress it, and eject it behind 3, or it may be an electrically powered propeller unit. If 3 is a ship, it is a unit that can use the power obtained from 1GENR to rotate the propeller or generate a water current.If 3 is a robot with an arm or a vehicle that moves on land, it may be a wheel, tire, motor, or robot motor / arm that can be driven by the power obtained from 1GENR. ) 1TH-NZ: The nozzle part of 1TH. When the product of nuclear fusion, EX1, is energetic helium or alpha rays, this nozzle part emits the alpha rays. It may also be a thrust deflector / nozzle. The alpha rays may be irradiated onto a propellant, heating it and ejecting it. *Separate from 1TH-NZ, the power generated by 1R may be used to operate an ion thruster or a propulsion device that uses the recoil of a photon laser. <Figure 6> System using diborane B2H6: BH1: A boron-containing substance, B1, which is boron hydride, diborane, or borane. T1 and F1 are diborane. Diborane target. Diborane and BH1 may be gases, liquids, fluids, or solids. (The configuration shown in Figure 7, which uses a fluid, is also possible.) The system shown in Figure 6 uses diborane containing hydrogen and protons, eliminating the need for the proton introduction section P1 shown in Figure 1 and elsewhere. <Figure 7> 1F-SYS-RAM: Nuclear fusion system. (An assumed diagram of a system using the diborane of the present invention applied to a system in which a fusion fuel fluid having a known ramjet section circulates in a closed-loop system.) RAM: Ram pressure generator section used for compression in the ramjet system. PBH1: Compressed BH1 section. Muon target section with compressed diborane fluid section. FP: Nuclear fusion reaction section, muon irradiation section. FEEDC: Section that removes helium from the diborane fluid circulating within the system, removes excess material, and adds necessary material, diborane as fuel. Feed control section. Fuel supply system, fuel control system. Helium (He) removal section, diborane fuel supply section, etc. HX: Heat exchanger ENEX: Although not shown in the diagram, this is a device that generates electricity using alpha rays and nuclear fusion energy, a power generation section. It may be included in the system. PUMP: Compressor, pump. Pressurizes, compresses, and circulates the fluid within the system. Driven by a motor, etc. (Driven by electricity obtained from the power generation section) M1: Muon generation section, muon irradiation section (Driven by electricity obtained from the power generation section) EX1: Helium generated after nuclear fusion (which needs to be removed).Symbols etc. <Fig. 8> 1F-SYS-MP1, 1F-SYS-MP1-RAM: Nuclear fusion system using a mixture of muonic hydrogen atoms and fuel. Muonic hydrogen atoms. MP1: AMP1: Muonic hydrogen atom generation and irradiation unit (particle accelerator A1, neutral particle beam irradiation device NBI, etc., capable of generating, injecting, and introducing MP1 and MP12). S1: Path S1 (including a mixture of MP1 and boron hydride). MP1-XMB: Mixture of MP1 and boron hydride / diborane. Or a mixture of hydrogen and boron / (carbon / ) nitrogen / oxygen / fluorine, etc. Or a portion / mixture portion containing a compound in which the raw atomic nuclei with the first atomic number ZA and the second atomic number ZAA required for nuclear fusion are chemically bonded. PMP1-XMB: Mixture MP1-XMB compressed (and / or heated) by a compression means such as RAM, or mixture MP1-XMB compressed (and / or heated) by a compression means such as RAM. RAM: Compression means such as a RAM unit. Inertial confinement fusion is known, in which a fusion fuel pellet is irradiated and confined by laser irradiation (if the RAM unit is laser confinement or inertial confinement type, the wavelength of the laser light may be blue, ultraviolet, X-ray, or short wavelength on the gamma ray side to maximize the photon momentum). In this application, the target portion and mixture may also be compressed by a laser in the compression RAM unit. (A muon injection process may be added to laser confinement inertial confinement fusion.) The RAM unit may irradiate a laser, ion beam, or ion beam containing raw material atoms from multiple launchers so that they converge on the portion containing the raw material atoms (Figure 9). (Inertial types such as Z-pinch and magnetized target types may also be used, capable of compressing raw material atoms and trapping them by inertia.)) In the RAM section, using a laser or ramjet mechanism, the raw material atoms that serve as the fuel necessary for nuclear fusion, or the compound or mixture in which the raw material atoms are chemically bonded together, are compressed and heated by a laser or other device while being irradiated with muons. This increases the molecular and atomic movement within the compound molecules or of the compound or mixture, and as a result, the particles that are bonded to the muons are more likely to approach each other due to thermal motion, with the intention of making it easier to cause nuclear fusion by proximity, muon nuclear fusion, or muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion. It is also intended that after nuclear fusion, the muons that act as catalysts are released and then brought into close proximity to the next raw material atoms, then captured, and this is repeated, making it easier to cause the next catalytic reaction. (Even if muons are irradiated onto cryogenically cooled liquid hydrogen, DT, DD, or TT, the temperature is low and there is a risk that the effect of bringing the raw material atoms closer together due to thermal motion will be small. However, if muons, muonic atoms, or muonic hydrogen are introduced into a part that has been compressed and heated by a laser or ramjet, a proximity effect due to compression or thermal motion can be expected.) NZ: Nozzle section 1 PP: Steam turbine generator HX: Heat exchanger, steam generation section, steam pipe, cooling pipe 1 BKT: A section / blanket may be present that receives flying particles that have energy due to nuclear fusion reactions, such as neutrons and gamma rays, and converts them into thermal energy, etc., for use. If there is a RAM or reaction vessel section, a vessel section RAM where the FEED is packed and rammed, or a wall of the reaction vessel near the section where the nuclear reaction occurs, a blanket 1 BKT may be placed in the RAM section or within the vessel wall. AEC: Alpha ray energy conversion device (a device that receives alpha rays and converts them into electricity. The AEC may use alpha rays from titanium oxide or other materials to generate radicals, which decompose water (like in a photocatalytic reaction) to obtain hydrogen and oxygen, and then provide or output energy to the outside of the system in the form of hydrogen / chemical energy. *The AEC may be an alpha-voltaic cell. *The AEC part may receive the energy of alpha rays and generate photons of synchrotron radiation (of bremsstrahlung). The energy of the photons of this radiation may be used to cause chemical substances to undergo chemical or photochemical reactions. The photons may be irradiated onto the area to be heated to manufacture substances, or to heat or spray propellants or steam.The wavelength of the photons of the emitted light can be converted to long-wavelength photons using a wavelength conversion device, and the long-wavelength photons can be received by a photoelectric conversion element and photoelectrically converted to generate electricity, which can then be output from the system. Alternatively, if the long-wavelength photons have enough energy to undergo a photocatalytic reaction with a photocatalyst, they can be converted into hydrogen energy by causing a photocatalytic reaction that produces hydrogen and oxygen from water. If the long-wavelength photons have a wavelength that can dissociate the bonds within carbon dioxide and nitrogen molecules or cause a photochemical reaction, the carbon dioxide can be dissociated and converted into energy from chemical substances such as carbon, carbon compounds, and nitrogen compounds, which can then be output from the system. <Figure 9> PMP1-XMB: Mixture MP1-XMB compressed (and / or heated) by a compression device such as RAM, or mixture MP1-XMB compressed (and / or heated) by a compression device such as RAM. RAM: Compression device such as a RAM unit. Inertial confinement fusion is known in which a fusion fuel pellet is irradiated and confined by laser irradiation (if the RAM section is of the laser confinement / inertial confinement type, the wavelength of the laser light may be a short wavelength such as blue, ultraviolet, X-ray, or gamma ray so that the momentum of the photons can be increased), but in this application, the target section / mixture may also be compressed with a laser in the compression RAM section. (A muon injection process may also be added to laser confinement inertial confinement fusion.) The RAM section may irradiate lasers, ion beams, and ion beams containing raw material atoms from multiple launchers so that they converge on the part containing the raw material atoms (Figure 9). (It is also possible to use an inertial type such as a Z-pinch or magnetized target that can compress the raw material atoms and confine them by inertia.) In the RAM section, a laser or ramjet mechanism is used to compress and heat the raw material atoms that will become the fuel necessary for nuclear fusion, or the compound or mixture in which the raw material atoms are chemically bonded together, with a laser or other means, while irradiating them with muons. This increases the molecular and atomic motion within the compound molecules or in the compound or mixture, and as a result, the particles that are bonded to the muons are more likely to approach each other due to thermal motion, with the intention of making it easier to induce nuclear fusion by proximity, muon nuclear fusion, or muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion. It is also intended that after nuclear fusion, the muons that act as catalysts will be released and then brought into close proximity to the next raw material atoms, which is then captured, and this process will be repeated.(Even if muons are irradiated onto liquid hydrogen, DT, DD, or TT cooled to an extremely low temperature of a few Kelvin, the temperature is low and there is a risk that the effect of bringing the source atoms closer together due to thermal motion will be limited. However, if muons, muonic atoms, or muonic hydrogen are introduced into a part compressed and heated by a laser or ramjet section, a proximity effect due to compression or thermal motion can be expected.) RAMH: Heating means. (May be included in the RAM section. For example, a means capable of remotely irradiating a substance with electromagnetic waves or photons, such as a laser or microwave, and heating the substance. For example, in a system using water, hydrogen peroxide, and muons, the water can be heated by microwaves. Alternatively, the substance may be electromagnetically inductively heated.) For example, if a hydrocarbon is used as the source material and muons are used in the configurations of Figures 8 and 9 to induce nuclear fusion between carbon and hydrogen atoms that are chemically bonded and close to each other within the hydrocarbon, Figure 9 is more suitable than Figure 8 because the source material can be heated by a laser or other means. As the temperature increases due to the laser or other heating means, the movement of atoms and particles in the source material becomes more active, which may have the effect of promoting muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion. (Heating means such as laser heating, ion beam or neutral particle beam (NBI), ion beam or neutral particle beam containing raw material atoms (NBI), particle beam combining muons and ions / raw material atoms, millimeter waves, microwaves, etc. may also be used.) RAM and RAMH may be capable of laser irradiation or ion beam irradiation. They may also be capable of laser compression. They may also be capable of laser heating. PUMP: compressor, pump, motor FEED: raw material (e.g., boron hydride, (hydrocarbon), hydrogen nitride, hydrogen oxide, etc.) (Can also be a liquid or solid target such as lithium deuteride. Raw material material for the nuclear fusion reaction.) FEEDC: feed control unit. May also include a feed / raw material supply unit, fuel supply unit, etc., and a unit for removing products of nuclear fusion such as helium. FP: Nuclear fusion (promotion) unit symbol, etc. <Fig. 10> MU-MOVABLE-TGT: (muon) target unit with a movable portion that receives the particle beam MU-DISK-TGT: Muon target unit where the portion that receives the particle beam is rotatable and movable, and which may be a disk-shaped target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT: A movable target unit that may be a disk-shaped muon target unit, where the thickness of the portion that receives the beam irradiation is thin; The cross-sectional shape becomes thinner as it approaches the outer periphery of the disk; A wedge-shaped muon target unit.MU-TGT-BRG: Support means such as bearings for supporting parts that move during movement or rotation; AXIS-TGT-BRG: Rotation axis when moving or rotating; 2MU-GEN-ROT-TGT: Muon target and means for moving the muon target; target unit equipped with a motor and bearings. 2MU: An example of a muon generation unit M1. (May include a target, accelerator, charge exchange beam injection unit, charge adjustment unit, proton particle beam injection unit, proton particle beam accelerator unit, muon capture solenoid, etc.) Muons in M1 may be bound to protons and atomic nuclei to generate (neutral particle beam) muonic atoms MP1. 2MU-ACC-RING: circular accelerator, particle accelerator 2MU-FFAG: FFAG accelerator 2MU-MERIT-RING: MERIT ring accelerator (the target of the wedge-shaped part may be movable and inserted. A movable muon target that becomes thinner towards the inserted tip may be inserted. The muon target part may be formed on the outer periphery of a rotatable disk or the tip of a chainsaw and be movable. A proton particle beam is irradiated to the inner periphery of the circle, and then circularly accelerated or spirally accelerated by the accelerator or ring, transitioning to high energy and high speed on the outer periphery, after which it may decelerate while colliding with the muon target, which may be movable, or it may recover energy and be able to collide with the target again. (An accelerator in which particles are allowed to decelerate due to a target collision and move inward, but then accelerate again and move to the outer periphery to collide again; an accelerator in which particles are stored, accumulated, and re-accelerated within the ring.) 2MU-FFAG-CS, 2MU-ACC-RING-CS, 2MU-MERIT-RING-CS: A cross section of the accelerator taken between points CSP1 and CSP2, which is a cross section perpendicular to the toroidal direction when the accelerator is likened to a doughnut, or a cross section cut in the poloidal direction. Circular accelerator: A particle beam accelerated to high energy on the outer periphery of the MERIT ring is inserted into cross section CS, and a movable target (for example, a thin disk-shaped muon target) can be inserted and moved in the outer periphery of the accelerator cross section.CS: Cross section CS between points CSP1 and CSP2 <Fig. 12> Replacement and replacement system for the rotating target for muon generation after activation by proton irradiation. Two movable muon targets that can be inserted, removed and moved inside the accelerator, muon extraction ports and muon capture solenoids are placed, and one of the extraction ports is stopped, and the muon target is removed and replaced from the accelerator. 2MU-GEN-ROT-TGT: Movable muon target unit system that can be moved, inserted and ejected inside the accelerator. MUON CAPTURE TRANSPORT SOLENOID: Muon capture and transport solenoid <Fig. 11> 2TGT-EXCHANGE: Device for exchanging movable muon targets with a mechanical robot, target exchange unit 2TGT-EXCHANGE-ARM: Arm unit / robot arm of the exchange unit 2TGT-EXCHANGE-AXIS: Rotation axis of the exchange unit 2TGT-EXCHANGE-MOT: Motor of the exchange unit *It can also be a device like the record exchange unit of a jukebox. TGT EXCANGE ROBOT / ARM: (JUKE BOX MACHINE LIKE) <Fig. 13> An example of a movable muon target, an example with a part that makes the chainsaw-like (or cableway-style / ropeway and lift-style) target movable. CHAIN-CATCHER: The chain catcher part of the chainsaw, which also serves as the muon target part MU-MOVABLE-TGT on the saw chain, and which can be replaced by a machine such as a robot arm. Chain-Sow-and-TGT: The guide bar part that guides the saw chain part to which the muon target TGT of the chainsaw is attached. (In Figure 13, the muons may be decelerated by the muon decelerator MUDECE.) <Figure Description> <Figure 14> An explanatory diagram of a particle production system characterized by accelerating and circulating protons and helium in the first accelerator 2MU-ACC-RING, accelerating hydrogen or helium in the second accelerator 2HE-ACC-RING within a part that may be a particle accelerator, and causing them to collide at the intersection 2CLP of the particle orbits of 2MU-ACC-RING and 2HE-ACC-RING to generate mesons and muons. Protons may be collided with protons, protons with helium, or helium with helium.(An explanatory diagram of a particle production system characterized by accelerating and circulating a proton beam in the first accelerator 2MU-ACC-RING, accelerating hydrogen or helium in a part that may be a particle accelerator in the second accelerator 2HE-ACC-RING, and colliding them at the intersection 2CLP of the particle orbits of 2MU-ACC-RING and 2HE-ACC-RING to produce mesons and muons. Collisions may also be made between protons and protons, or between protons and helium, or between helium and helium.) <Fig. 15> An explanatory diagram of a collision experiment system for meson production with helium and protons as the target, as one embodiment of the present application. A collision experiment system for meson production equipped with two paths 2HE-FFAG-1ST and 2HE-FFAG-2ND looped in (B). *The two paths, 2HE-FFAG-1ST and 2HE-FFAG-2ND, may be FFAG or MERIT accelerators or particle orbits within the accelerator. In the case of the MERIT system, even if helium and hydrogen atoms collide within the two accelerator paths and their energy drops, the intention is to regenerate the energy and re-accelerate them within the accelerator, thereby generating mesons (or some other particle, elementary particle, or atomic nucleus) again. <Figure 16> An explanatory diagram of an example (A) of use in muon fusion and nuclide transmutation, and an example (B) of use in the production of product nuclei after element transmutation and nuclear transmutation, as one embodiment of the present application. <Figure 17> An example of an embodiment of the present application that includes a process of decelerating cosmic muons SM1 or high-speed muons and irradiating and bonding them with target atoms. (A) An example in which high-speed cosmic muons are slowed down by a dome-shaped decelerator array / decelerator 2MUDECE that covers the celestial sphere / sky, captured by capture unit 2CAP, and the slowed down muons are irradiated onto T1 in an attempt at nuclear transmutation. (B) An example in which a laser is directly irradiated onto the source atom / molecule target T1 to form an electric field 2LASER-EF / laser wakefield with enough strength to slow down the cosmic muons, and the electric field is used to slow down the cosmic muons, and the slowed down muons are combined with the source atoms in an attempt at muon nuclear fusion / muon nuclear transmutation.

[0020] <Explanation of symbols> <Fig. 13> (A) Example of a movable muon target (including a negative muon deceleration section) MU-MOVABLE-TGT: Movable muon target 2 MUCAP: Device that captures and moves muons. Muon acceleration section, solenoid, etc. MUDECE-ELEMENT: Deceleration section / deceleration element arranged in a direction that decelerates negative muons with velocity (may also be a deceleration section using a laser wakefield accelerator) MUDECE (MDC): Decelerator including MUDECE-ELEMENT. Muon decelerator (accelerator 2AC or accelerator A1 may be used for deceleration, which may be an accelerator using a laser wakefield) <Figure 14> 2MU: Muon generator 2MESON: Meson generator 2PARTICLE-COLLIDER: Particle collider, device for generating mesons and elementary particles through particle collisions 2MU-ACC-RING: Accelerator that accelerates, circulates, and moves protons and hydrogen (or helium) as an ion beam. First accelerator. 2MU-FFAG: FFAG type 2MU-ACC-RING. 2MU-MERIT-RING: MERIT ring type 2MU-ACC-RING. 2HE-ACC-RING: Accelerator that accelerates, circulates, and moves helium (or protons and hydrogen) as an ion beam. And accelerator orbit. Second accelerator. 2HE-FFAG: 2HE-ACC-RING of the FFAG formula. 2MU-FFAG-CS, 2MU-ACC-RING-CS, 2MU-MERIT-RING-CS: Cross-section of the first accelerator. MU-MOVABLE-TGT: Movable target. The atoms in the muon target are movable. MU-P-HE-ORBIT-TGT: Movable muon target made of hydrogen or helium (ion beam, or orbit within the accelerator). A target for producing mesons and elementary particles called muons, which are helium or hydrogen that accelerate, circulate, and move through the accelerator. 2CLP: Intersection or collision point, or crossing or collision portion, of the orbits of accelerated particle ion beams. The portion where helium and hydrogen, helium and helium, or hydrogen and hydrogen collide (2CCP). A location where mesons and elementary particles can be produced through collisions.*The first accelerator 2MU-ACC-RING and 2HE-FFAG-1ST accelerate and circulate a proton beam and particle beam (helium), and the second accelerator 2HE-ACC-RING and 2HE-FFAG-2ND accelerate a hydrogen or helium particle beam in a part that may be a particle accelerator, and collide them at the intersection 2CLP of the particle orbits of 2MU-ACC-RING and 2HE-ACC-RING (2HE-FFAG-1ST and 2HE-FFAG-2ND) to generate mesons and muons (elementary particles). <Figure 15> 2AC: Acceleration cavity, acceleration means. *A laser wakefield acceleration cavity may be used, and the laser may be a laser device, a particle accelerator, or a photon or laser of synchrotron radiation (radiation light) using alpha rays. 2MGF: Magnet, deflection means / focusing means for ions, beams, and charged particles. Bending magnets such as bending electromagnets, and focusing magnets such as quadrupole electromagnets that focus and prevent the beam from scattering. 2ISRC: Ion source He (or H / p). Ion injection section. May include an ionization device or a device that accelerates and injects ions. 2EXTEJ: Ion removal section. May also be an ion intake section or ion extraction section. EX-ION: Ions removed by 2EXTEJ from among the ions moving and circulating in 2HE-FFAG-2ND (accelerator orbit). A separation method based on the difference in ion mass used in mass analysis may be used. Ions of different masses may be separated by utilizing the difference in mass relative to the ion's charge due to the charge and magnetic field. 2HE-FFAG-1ST: First accelerator. An FFAG-type circular accelerator that accelerates and circulates helium, etc. 2HE-FFAG-2ND: Second accelerator. Such as a circular accelerator that accelerates and circulates FFAG-type helium. 2CLP: The part where two He particle beams collide (Fig. 16). 2MU, 2MESON-GENERATOR, 2PARTICLE-COLLIDER: Muon generation means, meson generation means, particle collision means. MUON-CAPTURE-TRANSPORT-SOLENOID: A means of capturing and transporting muons from mesons such as pions and K-mesons. A solenoid that captures pions with a magnetic field, moves them, and transports them while the pions transform into muons. MUDECE: A means of decelerating muons. Negative muon decelerator. Slow muon generation unit.The MUDECE may be installed in the MUON-CAPTURE-TRANSPORT-SOLENOID section. Negative muon decelerators combining a pulsed power supply and a deceleration cell have been studied and are known, and may be used. It is preferable to use a negative muon decelerator that can decelerate at a slower speed. The energy of negative muons generated using the accelerator / meson production section is approximately 300 keV (=8 MeV / c) or higher, and it is preferable to be able to decelerate them to, for example, 30 keV or less. If possible, a laser wakefield and an acceleration cavity / acceleration section using it may be arranged in the opposite / decelerating direction and used to decelerate negative muons. 1F-SYS: Muon-based nuclear fusion system; 1EXP-SYS: Muon-based experimental system, nuclear transmutation system (LLFP / MA nuclear transmutation system); FP: Nuclear fusion section, muon nuclear fusion section, part of the nuclear fusion section core. NCTP: Nuclear transmutation section, muon nuclear transmutation section, part of the nuclear transmutation reactor core. Muonic-Atom-Generator: The section that generates muonic atom A (or B) by binding a negative muon to atomic nucleus A (or B). MA1: Muonic atom A (or B). (Atoms A / B irradiated onto the target) FUSIONED-T1-AB-X: Atom X. Atom X is generated by nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation of atomic nuclei A and B by muons. T1-AB: Muon target T1 section consisting of a compound or mixture of bound atomic nuclei A and B. Atoms A and B may have different Z values, or they may have the same Z value. For example, atoms A and B may be the same carbon-12. T1-AB is a compound or mixture of bound atomic nuclei A and B. T1-AB may be a mixture of atoms A and B created by colliding atom A with atom B, or A and B may be placed nearby. FUSIONED-T1-MA1B-X: Atom X. Atom X is produced by nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation of muonic atom A and atom B using muons. Atom Y may be produced from atom X through a radioactive decay process. T1-B: Target for atomic nucleus B (or A). T1-B is a movable T1 / T1-B with a muon / muonic atom irradiator. (T1-B may be a movable film surface or solid / liquid surface of T1. Depending on the element, it may also be a gas or plasma beam.) T1-B may have its surface removed in the atom X removal process.(Just as the muon target MU-DISK-TGT in Figure 11, which may be a solid, movable disk, is polished with a grinding stone MU-DISK-GRINDING-DEVICE, atom X may be produced from atoms A and B on target T1 by muon nuclear transmutation, and then atom X may be removed and recovered with a grinding stone or polishing / cutting means.) T1-IN: Atom supply process / means. Supply unit for atoms A and B. T1-OUT: Atom removal process / means. Removal unit for atom X. <Figure 17> (A) An example of an attempt at nuclear transmutation in which, as seen from T1 located on the ground, high-speed cosmic muons are slowed down by a dome-shaped decelerator array covering the celestial sphere / sky side and irradiated onto T1. SM1: Cosmic muons coming from the sky (cosmic ray muons, cosmic ray muon particles). High-speed cosmic muons SM1. When cosmic rays collide with the Earth's atmosphere (atmosphere), collisions between atmospheric molecules and spacecraft particles generate cosmic ray pions and mesons, and these mesons produce cosmic ray muons. Cosmic ray pions can be generated at altitudes of around 20 km, while muons rain down at altitudes of 5 km or less. (Aircraft transport equipment 3 equipped with the system shown in Figure 17(A) is at an altitude where it can receive cosmic muons. The aircraft 3 can use the cosmic muons for nuclear transmutation. Transport equipment 3 near the ground or at sea can also receive cosmic muons.) Cosmic rays: Particles flying around in space with high energy. MDC-LASER: When a muon decelerator uses an accelerator that uses a laser wakefield as the decelerator, this refers to the laser light source and laser generation section of the accelerator. An existing laser device may be used as the light source. Synchrotron radiation may also be used as the light source. MDC: Decelerator. 2MUDECE: Decelerator. Muon decelerator (an accelerator may be used for deceleration) (an accelerator using a laser wakefield may be used, or accelerators 2AC or A1 may be used for deceleration) 2MUDECE-ARRAY: An array of 2MUDECE. Photons and lasers may be distributed to 2MUDECE. It may also include circuits for electricity, power, signals, lasers, etc. to drive 2MUDECE. 2MUCAP: MUON CAPTURE TRANSPORT Device, a device that captures and moves muons. Solenoid, etc. T1: Target, FEED.According to one embodiment, the system 1F-SYS / 1EXP-SYS may perform muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation in a configuration in which muons are combined with muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion fuel atoms or raw material atoms (or raw material atoms themselves) that have been previously known and slowed down by a moderator 2MUDECE. Furthermore, the raw material atoms or fuel atoms for nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation described herein, such as hydrogen, boron, carbon, and nitrogen, may be used in the system 1F-SYS / 1EXP-SYS shown in Figures 13(B) and 13(A). The configuration, system, or device for slowing down cosmic muons shown in Figure 17 may be mounted on a transport vehicle 3. If muon nuclear transmutation can be performed using cosmic muons, a large accelerator becomes unnecessary. Therefore, there is an advantage in that the size of the transport vehicle 3 can be made more compact when mounted on the transport vehicle 3 if the large accelerator for generating muons can be eliminated. In order to compact the muon decelerator for cosmic muons, accelerators 2AC and A1, which may use a laser wakefield, may be used for deceleration. (Configurations for accelerating electrons and negatively charged particles to GeV levels using a laser wakefield are well known, and this application contemplates the deceleration of negative muons, which are particles of the same negative charge.) Furthermore, for the purpose of compactly mounting a muon / meson generation unit or a high-speed muon deceleration unit on transport equipment 3, accelerators 2AC and A1, which may use a laser wakefield, may be used to configure meson generation devices 2MU, 2MESON-GENERATOR, and 2PARTICLE-COLLIDER. (B) An example in which a laser is directly irradiated onto a target T1 of raw material atoms or molecules to decelerate muons and attempt muon nuclear fusion or muon nuclear transmutation of T1. 2LASER-PLASMA: The plasma portion generated by the laser and T1 when converting T1 into plasma and forming a laser wakefield. 2LASER-EF: Electric field created by the laser and T1, laser wake field formed within T1. T1, FEED: Target atoms to be transmuted / fused, raw material atoms, and fuel atoms. 2LASER: Laser source. MDC-LASER: Laser used in a laser-based decelerator (in this diagram, the laser may be generated using external energy, or photons and gamma rays may be generated using the energy of alpha rays and gamma rays generated by nuclear fusion / transmutation and used to generate a laser).(AEC is an alpha ray energy conversion unit, and in the figure, the energy can be extracted as photon energy due to bremsstrahlung of alpha rays rather than as electric power.) <MUDEC1> A nuclear transmutation system for target atoms and source atoms, comprising a step of slowing down muons, and characterized by enabling the muons to bind to target atoms and source atoms for nuclear transmutation. <MUDEC2> A nuclear transmutation system as set forth in MUDEC1, which performs nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation of target atoms and source atoms, characterized by irradiating the target atoms and source atoms with a laser to generate an electric field or laser wakefield. <MUDEC3> A nuclear transmutation system as set forth in MUDEC2, capable of slowing down muons in the electric field or laser wakefield. <MUDEC4> A nuclear transmutation system as set forth in MUDEC2, characterized by irradiating the target atoms and source atoms to be transmuted with a laser to generate an electric field or laser wakefield, slowing down cosmic muons, cosmic ray muons, or muons generated by cosmic rays traveling from space to the ground, and capable of binding the slowed down muons to the target atoms and source atoms for nuclear transmutation. <DLAL1> A nuclear transmutation system for target atoms and source atoms, comprising a step or means for slowing down muons, and characterized in that the muons can be bound to target atoms and source atoms for nuclear transmutation. <DLAL2> A nuclear transmutation system according to DLAL1, capable of slowing down muons using an electric field, a laser wakefield, or an accelerator. <DLAL3> A nuclear transmutation system according to DLAL1, performing nuclear fusion or nuclear transmutation of target atoms and source atoms, characterized in that a laser is irradiated onto the target atoms and source atoms to generate an electric field or laser wakefield. <DLAL4> A nuclear transmutation system according to DLAL1, characterized in that a laser is irradiated onto the target atoms and source atoms to be transmuted, to generate an electric field or laser wakefield, to slow down cosmic muons or muons originating from cosmic rays traveling from space to the ground, and the slowed down muons can be bound to the target atoms and source atoms to be transmuted. <DLAL5> A nuclear transmutation system using muons, characterized in that the atomic number Z or the effective nuclear charge (of the 1S orbital) of atom A, which serves as a raw material for nuclear transmutation during nuclear transmutation, is greater than the atomic number Z or the effective nuclear charge (of the 1S orbital) of atom X, which is generated after nuclear transmutation of the atom. The nuclear transmutation system described in DLAL1 (or DLAL2)<DLAL6> A nuclear transmutation system according to DLAL2, characterized in that muons are injected into and irradiated onto target atoms containing carbon and carbon-12. <DLAL7> A nuclear transmutation system according to DLAL2, characterized in that muons are injected into and irradiated onto target atoms containing nitrogen and nitrogen-15. <DLAL8> A nuclear transmutation system according to DLAL2, characterized in that muons are injected into and irradiated onto target atoms containing boron. <DLAL9> A power generation system using energy generated in the nuclear transmutation system according to DLAL5. <DLAL10> A nuclear transmutation system according to DLAL1, in which hydrogen or helium is accelerated and circulated in a first accelerator (2MU-ACC-RING), hydrogen or helium is accelerated and circulated in a second accelerator (2HE-ACC-RING), and muons are generated using a particle production system characterized by producing mesons by colliding hydrogen or helium at the intersection 2CLP of the particle orbits of the first and second accelerators. <DLAL11> A nuclear transmutation system according to DLAL1 (or DLAL2), characterized by transmuting fission products. <DLAL12> A nuclear transmutation system according to 1 / DLAL10 for transmuting fission products, characterized by irradiating a beam of muons toward a section of a building containing fission products. <Brief Description of the Drawings> <Explanation of Symbols> <Fig. 18> * A configuration in which muon slowing down is combined with muon slowing down by a laser wakefield using a laser pulse in a laser-based inertial confinement fusion reactor (a system in which the target of a pulsed laser inertial confinement fusion reactor is used as a small-Z atomic nucleus such as B, C, or N) * MDC-LASER (MDCL) laser source, pulsed laser source * Publicly known laser source for a laser wakefield accelerator (A) 1F-SYS: Nuclear fusion system. 1EXP-SYS: Nuclear transmutation system. MDCL: Laser irradiation unit T1 for target unit T1. FEED: Target unit T1, raw material atoms. (In the case of Fig. 18, this may also serve as the gas, molecules, or atoms that form the plasma for forming the laser wakefield.) 2MUDECE: Muon slower, particle slower (B) 2LASER-EF: Laser wakefield LWF formed by laser. Electric field 2LASER-EF formation. An electric field that slows down muons. 2 LASER-PLASMA: Plasma produced by irradiating T1 with a laser.It may include T1, and muons may be coupled to T1, which is also plasma, after being slowed down. SM1: cosmic muon, cosmic muon source M1: muon, muon source M1F: high-speed muon M1L: slowed-down muon (C) An explanatory diagram of muons being slowed down (captured) and irradiated and coupled to T1 by an array of decelerators using a laser wakefield over a wide area. M1, SM1, M1F: high-speed muon source (When SM1 is used, it covers an area equivalent to 1,000 palms, etc.) 2MUDECE-ARRAY: array of decelerators. M1L: slowed-down muon. T1: Target (When the target T1 part of a pulsed laser inertial confinement fusion reactor is a T1 part that muons can reach, an electric field that slows down muons is formed by the pulsed laser, and if the muons are slowed down by the electric field, the muons and T1 part atoms will bond, which may also result in muon fusion between the T1 part atoms) <Figure 19> (A) 2MDCE-2DFD: A surface element that forms an electric field as one form of 2MUDECECE (large area array is also possible). This part may be able to form an electric field or magnetic field. 2MUDECECE: Decelerator. Muon decelerator PWSP: Power supply unit. Applies voltage / potential difference to 2MDCE-2DFD. Or means for applying an electric field. (Power supply for forming an electric field or magnetic field) (Power supply for causing temperature change even when an electric field is formed by temperature change as in the case of a pyroelectric material. Source of temperature change) 2MUCAP: Muon capture part. LM1Z: Section where muons are attenuated / removed. Muons are attenuated by 2MUDECE and captured, removed, and recovered by 2MUCAP, creating a location where cosmic rays and muons cannot or do not easily reach. (LM1Z may be formed from a muon decelerator and capture section, or it may be a section deep underground that naturally contains high-Z atoms) T1: Target T1-2COIL B: Location when a magnetic field is applied to T1 using a coil. 2COIL: Means for applying magnetic field B to the target section T1 and muons. Coil. T1-2BMU: T1-2BMU: The location of T1 where the muon undergoes rotational motion (cyclotron motion) wrapping around magnetic field B and comes into contact with it (to increase the reaction area between the muon and T1, magnetic field B is applied to the muon to rotate it and stir the muon without T1) (B) 2FDELE-PYR: Pyroelectric device (an element used when an electric field is generated in the pyroelectric by changing the temperature of the pyroelectric, and the electric field is used to slow down the muon.In one embodiment, it may be considered a form of capacitor element sandwiched between a pyroelectric and a dielectric with electrodes. The 2FDELE-PYR may be a planar element that can be arranged over a large area. VOLT-C: GND / voltage control unit T1: target. FEED. (It may also be the electrode unit 2ER of the target T1 controlled by VOLT-C.) 2PYR-EF: electric field caused by the pyroelectric. Muons may be slowed down in this unit. 2PYR: pyroelectric. *2PYR may also be the muon target T1. P: polarization. 2PYR-PEF: electric field inside the pyroelectric. Muons may be slowed down in this unit. 2ER: electrode unit TEMP-C: temperature change means, heater / cooler unit -Z surface: thickness / height of the pyroelectric in the z direction, toward the target, upward in the drawing. +Z surface: Z toward the heater side / downward in the drawing. <Figure 20> 2MUDECE: A muon decelerator constructed using a capacitor element as shown in this figure. (A) A voltage is applied to the insulator capacitor to form an electric field in the insulator (made of low-Z atoms that do not easily trap muons). 2ER: Electrode (examples) An electrode made of low-Z atoms. Carbon electrode, lithium metal electrode. 2LZI: Insulator (examples) An insulator made of low-Z atoms. Carbon insulator, diamond, hydrocarbon solvent, etc. 2ER and 2LZI may be made of low-Z atoms that do not easily trap muons. Furthermore, 2ER and 2LZI can also serve as the target T1 portion that bonds with the decelerated muons when they function as a capacitor element and form an electric field to decelerate the muons. Therefore, 2ER and 2LZI may contain source atoms that can cause muon nuclear transmutation or muon nuclear fusion, such as carbon-12 or nitrogen-15 and hydrogen. (For example, 2LZI is an insulator containing carbon-12, and 2ER is a carbon-based electrode made of carbon-12 containing metallic lithium as a current collector, mesh electrode, bus bar, or busbar.) *2ER may be connectable to other circuits. For example, 2ER may be pulled out from the deceleration section and connected to copper or aluminum wires, circuits, or bus bars (away from the deceleration function section) so as not to interfere with muon deceleration or use. 2FDELE: An element that generates an electric field; a capacitor element formed by sandwiching 2LZI between 2ER. *When multiple capacitor elements are used, the elements may be connected in series in an electrical circuit. *An explanatory diagram showing capacitor elements arranged over a large area to decelerate cosmic muons. The element is a capacitor-type sheet device, and is expected to become a solar cell-like planar element.2FDELE-LAM: A stack of 2FDELE elements (2FDELE are electrically connected in series in the height and stacking directions) PWSP: Power supply unit. A power supply unit that applies a potential difference / voltage to capacitor elements 2FDELE or 2FDELE-LAM to form an electric field within the capacitor element. (B1) An electric field is formed by applying a voltage to an electric double layer capacitor EDLC (made of low-Z atoms that do not easily trap muons) 2ER: Electrode 2FDELE-EDL-MPI: A portion including an electric double layer portion. A portion that forms an electric double layer at the interface of a porous membrane, and makes the electric double layer portion an insulator / dielectric (or equivalent portion). Porous electrode. PWSP: Power supply unit. Pulse power supply unit. 2ER and 2FDELE-EDL-MP may be made of low-Z atoms that do not easily trap muons. Furthermore, the 2ER and 2FDELE-EDL-MP can function as capacitor elements and as the target T1 portion that bonds with the muons decelerated when an electric field is formed to decelerate the muons. Therefore, the 2ER and 2FDELE-EDL-MP may contain raw material atoms capable of muon nuclear transmutation or muon nuclear fusion, such as carbon-12 or nitrogen-15 and hydrogen. 2FDELE-EDL: An element that generates an electric field, a capacitor element / electric double layer capacitor element formed by sandwiching the 2FDELE-EDL-MPI between 2ERs. 2FDELE-EDL-LAM: A stack of 2FDELE-EDL elements (2FDELE-EDLs are electrically connected in series in the height and stacking directions). (B2) Enlarged view of the EDLC portion. 2ER-MPI: Porous membrane, porous electrode (EG: porous carbon electrode), porous electrode of an electric double layer capacitor. 2EDL: Electric double layer formed on the electrode portion. 2ER-MPI-MICRO: Enlarged portion of 2ER-MPI, porous electrode portion. 2ELYT: Electrolyte (including electrolyte). <Figure 21> An explanatory diagram of a spacecraft or space structure that generates muons from cosmic rays, slows them down, and uses them for nuclear transmutation and energy to drive transportation equipment. 3: Transportation equipment 3, energy supply target 3 (including aircraft, spacecraft, space structure, artificial satellite, space station, space habitat, lunar base, far-side lunar base, and structures in locations where sunlight does not reach). COSRAY1: Cosmic rays. 2MU-COSRAY: Part that receives cosmic rays and generates mesons, pions, and muons. Muon generation source. SMR1. 2MU-COSRAY may be an array, or may be configured to allow muons to be injected into 2MUDECE. SM1: Cosmic muon.Muons generated by cosmic rays. A1: Particle accelerator. Particle generator / irradiator. M1: Muon system, P1: Proton system. MA1: Muonic atom generator. Artificial muons (muonic atoms) may be slowed down as muonic atoms. M1F: High-speed muons (SM1 or high-speed M1). 2MUDECE: *MUDECE muon decelerator, decelerator array 2MUDECE-ARRAY may also be used. (2MUDECE may include 2MUCAP, a part that captures and transfers muons.) M1L: Decelerated muons. T1-HARVESTER: A means of harvesting T1 from other planets, moons, and celestial bodies; a source of T1. A means of collecting fuel from outside (asteroids, natural celestial bodies). FEEDC1: A supply unit for fuel F1 (FEED), target T1. *T1 and F1 containment vessels and fuel storage sections, automatic target exchange device, T1 and fusion / transmutation fuel supply system. 1R: Transmutation / fusion reactor. 1F-SYS: Fusion system. 1EXP-SYS: Transmutation system. T1, F1: Target section for atoms to be transmuted. Feed section. Transmutation fuel section. Transmutation reaction section / core section. In the T1 section, muons and T1 combine to promote muon transmutation. HE1: Product produced when nuclear transmutation occurs in T1. For example, high-energy helium alpha rays. AEC: Alpha ray energy conversion section. Part that converts the energy of alpha rays into other energy sources. The AEC may be a traveling-wave direct energy converter (TWDEC / Traveling-Wave Direct Energy Converter). The AEC may also be a direct energy converter that converts the kinetic energy of the generated particles into electrical energy. Example: A part that bends the direction of travel of high-energy (high kinetic energy) alpha rays (using bending means, the magnetic field of coil 2, etc.) to cause synchrotron radiation and bremsstrahlung, converting them into synchrotron radiation, gamma rays, and photons (light energy). (* Alpha rays can be stopped even by thin paper. Therefore, alpha rays can be stopped by a part that stops them, such as paper or a sheet, to cause bremsstrahlung. Alpha rays can also be stopped by a sheet made of low-Z atoms to generate photons. When alpha rays are stopped, gamma rays are generated, which would activate the reactor, so atoms that are difficult to activate (low-Z atoms) can be used to stop the alpha rays.) *By interacting with alpha rays and material atoms, atoms can be excited by the excitation effect of alpha ray collisions, or electrons can be ejected through ionization (ionization), ionizing the atoms. Alpha rays can also be scattered by atoms. *When gamma rays interact with material, electron pair generation can occur (positive electron-electron pairs can be generated) when the photon energy is 1.022 MeV or higher. Therefore, electron pair generation and positron generation can be performed in the AEC unit. The AEC unit can also use the photoelectric effect to convert energy or generate high-speed electrons (photoelectrons). The Compton effect can occur, where gamma rays collide with electrons in material, scattering the electrons and generating Compton electrons. *While it is desirable to avoid photonuclear reactions converting nuclei from the materials that make up the AEC unit and reaction path 1R into radioactive elements, it may be advisable to avoid using high-Z nuclei and use low-Z nuclei instead, as photonuclear reactions can produce many paths for neutrons to become radioactive nuclei. (However, high Z atoms have a higher ability to absorb and shield gamma rays, so this does not mean that high Z atoms are not used.) *When nuclear transformation occurs at T1 and alpha rays are generated, the direction of the alpha rays can be bent using the magnetic field of coil 2COIL to promote the generation of synchrotron radiation, gamma rays, and photons. 1PRPLT: Propellant. Propellant ejected behind 3 during accelerated propulsion. Photons, alpha rays, etc. Also, the propellant used during electric propulsion or rocket propulsion. (When propelling through the atmosphere, 1TH is the atmosphere or air ejected by the jet thruster or propeller motor) 1TH: Propulsion means. (Thrusters that emit alpha rays, thrusters that eject photons, electric thrusters, etc. Propeller motors, jet engines, etc.) 1TH-NZ: Nozzle (1TH and 1TH-ZL may be able to change the direction of propellant ejection. For example, when 3 accelerates, propellant is ejected behind 3, and when 3 decelerates, it is ejected in front of 3) 1GENR: Power generation unit. Part that generates electricity using the energy of helium in HE1. 3SYS: System of 3 (may include the power electrical system, control system, and control unit of 3). May receive power supply from 1GENR. Power may be supplied from 3SYS to devices and locations belonging to 3. <Figure 6> Figure 6 shows a hypothetical diagram of a nuclear fusion reaction system (A) using diborane (B) and a nuclear transmutation system using carbon (C) or nitrogen (D).M1: Muon generation / injection / introduction means (negative muons at an appropriate speed) (A) irradiates diborane, which is composed of hydrogen and boron-11, with negative muons, causing muon fusion of the boron-11 and hydrogen in the diborane, transmuting them into excited carbon-12 nuclei (C*), which are then converted into three helium atoms. (C1) of (C) shows the process by which muons bond with carbon-12 in carbon materials such as graphite and diamond, which are composed of carbon-12, to generate excited carbon-12 nuclei (C*), which are then converted into three helium atoms. (D) shows the process by which azan hydrazine, which contains nitrogen-15 and hydrogen, is irradiated with negative muons, causing muon fusion of the nitrogen-15 and hydrogen in the azan, transmuting them into a carbon nucleus (C*) and one alpha ray. (The remaining carbon-12C* is then converted into three helium atoms through a nuclear transmutation between carbon and muons.) (C2) and (C3) are hypothetical diagrams of what happens when a muon is irradiated inside an alkane molecule, and while it has not been confirmed how the reaction actually occurs, it is possible for carbon-12 and hydrogen within the alkane to undergo muonic nuclear fusion. When a muon binds to a carbon-12 atom, it can be transmuted into three helium atoms. The effective nuclear charge, Z, of a carbon atom is greater than that of a hydrogen atom. <Atom production by spallation> It is possible to attempt to convert atomic nuclei such as carbon C or oxygen O into other atomic nuclei by irradiating them with positive muons. It is also possible to irradiate a certain atomic nucleus A with accelerated high-energy positive muons, causing nucleus A to collide with the positive muons, resulting in a spallation reaction and producing the product atomic nucleus X. When protons accelerated to high energies of 100 MeV or more using an accelerator or the like are irradiated onto a target atom (such as mercury, lead-bismuth, lead, tungsten, tantalum, uranium, or carbon), the high-energy protons collide with the nuclei in the target, fragmenting the nuclei with their energy. A reaction in which secondary particles such as neutrons and mesons are emitted from the nuclei is called a spallation reaction. In one embodiment of the present application, positive muons, instead of protons, may be accelerated, irradiated, and collided with a spallation target such as bismuth, lead, or mercury to spall nucleus A and convert it into nucleus X. *Compared to spallation caused by proton collisions, spallation caused by positive muon collisions is expected to prevent nuclear fusion reactions (reactions in which protons collide with nuclei and protons are added or left behind for the collision) from occurring.When the protons and neutrons of nucleus A collided with a positive muon are fragmented and sent flying by the collision, even if a positive muon is added or left behind within nucleus A, the positive muon then simply decays into a positron and neutrino (the positron / lepton is left behind in nucleus A, and the positron then combines with the atomic electron, emitting a photon and annihilat- ing), which has the characteristic / advantage that no protons or neutrons remain in nucleus A. <Muon decelerator, muon attenuation unit> Cosmic muons can be slowed down and irradiated onto hydrogen molecules / hydrogen, and used for muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion between hydrogen atoms. (Plasma containing hydrogen, D, and T can be confined in a magnetic field and irradiated with muons to promote magnetic confinement fusion.) If cosmic rays or cosmic muons can be used, even if the problem of helium being produced between hydrogen atoms and the reaction stopping, no energy is required to generate muons, and if the energy balance of slowing down the muons and irradiating them on hydrogen fuel to cause fusion is sufficient, they may be used for cosmic muon-catalyzed fusion power generation.

[0021] This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-082974, filed May 26, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference. Figure 22 shows an explanatory diagram of a hypothetical nuclear transmutation / nuclear fusion system that uses muons, taking into account muon nuclear capture reactions. In this application, it is assumed that a carbon material made of carbon-12 is irradiated with muons to obtain excited carbon-12 nuclei, which are then transmuted into helium. Figure 22 is an explanatory diagram of this. (A) A muon binds to carbon-12 in a carbon material, undergoes a muon nuclear capture reaction, converting it into a boron-12 nucleus (12B*) with an excitation energy of 10-20 MeV. The excitation energy is then transferred from 12B* to an adjacent carbon-12 nucleus, generating excited carbon-12 (12C*), which is then converted to helium. The excitation energy is then transferred to the adjacent carbon-12, and this process is repeated. Since there is a possibility that a muon binds to carbon-12, undergoes a nuclear capture reaction, generating an excited boron-12 nucleus, which is then converted to helium while transferring the excitation energy to the adjacent carbon-12 atom, a nuclear transmutation system 1EXP-SYS may be configured to irradiate a carbon material containing carbon-12 with muons to convert it into helium. (B1) An explanatory diagram of a case where a muon is bound to an azan containing nitrogen-15, causing a muon nuclear capture reaction to convert it to carbon-15, and then nitrogen-15 is produced after the half-life of carbon-15 has elapsed. (B2) An explanatory diagram of muon nuclear fusion of nitrogen-15. (In B1, nitrogen-15 can be converted to carbon-15, but the effective nuclear charge Z of carbon-15 is lower than that of nitrogen-15, so it is assumed that the nuclear fusion reaction will continue.) Note: In paragraph 0076 of this specification, sections titled "Utilization of Carbon," "Perspective of Muon Irradiation on Carbon-12," and "Perspective of Adjacent Carbon Atoms and Excited Carbon Atoms" describe how a carbon-12 nucleus and a muon combine to excite the carbon-12 atom, and the excitation energy is transferred to the neighboring carbon-12 atom by excitation energy transfer, converting carbon-12 into helium (Figure 22). FIG. 6(C1) shows that the state and excitation energy of excited carbon 12 moves to the adjacent carbon 12, and FIG. 22 shows a specific example of this.Although Fig. 6 does not show that a muon bonds to carbon-12 to form boron-12, Fig. 6 shows that at least a carbon-12 atom is excited by a muon, and then the excitation energy is transferred to a neighboring carbon-12 atom, exciting the neighboring carbon-12 atom and converting it to a helium atom. Fig. 22 shows an example of the mechanism described in Fig. 6 in (A) of Fig. 22. Regarding muon nuclear fusion between nitrogen, boron, and hydrogen, taking into account the muon nuclear capture reaction as in Fig. 22, Fig. 23 shows a hypothetical diagram of muon nuclear fusion and muon nuclear transmutation in a system in ammonia containing nitrogen-15 as one embodiment / hypothetical example of the present application, and Fig. 24 shows a hypothetical diagram of muon nuclear fusion and muon nuclear transmutation in a system containing boron-11-containing boron hydride and boron hydride anion (LiBH4). (<Figure 25> Explanation of the communication system 1NUT-COM using neutrinos. Symbol explanation: 1NUT-COM: Neutrino communication system 1NUT-TX: Neutrino transmitter. TX part of 1NUT-COM. 1NUT-High: High energy neutrinos 1NUT-Low: Low energy neutrinos 2MUDECE: Decelerator 2MUCAP: Muon capture part 2MUTRAP: Muon trap part. Cosmic ray trap and removal part. LM1Z: Muon attenuation and removal section. (A computer and memory device are installed in transport equipment 3LM1Z with the intention of preventing cosmic rays and muons from entering the structure 3 or transport equipment 3 and interfering with, causing malfunctions in, or destroying computers and control parts such as memory devices and processing devices.) - A processing device may be placed in LM1Z. Also, to prevent malfunction, shutdown, or destruction of the communication device and detection device of 3 due to the effects of cosmic rays and muons, communication devices, input devices, output devices, sensors, detectors, radio wave detectors, particle detectors, and neutrino detectors may be placed within LM1Z of 3.) 1 COMPUTER: Computer, calculator, electronic computer, quantum computer 1 MEMORY: Memory device 1 PROCESSOR: Processing device 1 NETWORK: Communication network 1 NUT-RX: Neutrino receiving unit. 1 RX unit of NUT-COM. 2 PMT-HIE: High-energy particle, high-energy neutrino detection unit 2 PMT-LOWE: Low-energy particle, low-energy neutrino detection unit 2 SENSE: Sensor.Particle detection sensor 2PMT-CNT: signal counter unit, signal detection unit 2PMT-CON: PMT control unit 2NUTDET-CON: control unit. Detector control unit 1NUT: neutrino / neutrino 1NUT-BEAM: neutrino beam 1NUT-TX: neutrino transmitter, which can be a beam 1NUT-RX: neutrino receiver 2MU-BY-NUT: unit that converts neutrinos into muons. 2MU: muon generator 1MU-TX: muon transmitter 1MU-RX: muon receiver. 2MUDECE: muon decelerator 2PMT: photomultiplier tube. 2SENSE: sensor. Particle detection sensor. T1: target for muons and particles. target unit that causes particles to collide or bond. (It may be possible to perform atomic nuclear transmutation using muons. The energy produced by nuclear transmutation or particle decay may be detected by 2SENSE.) <Figure 26> Symbol Explanation: 3NTX-LEMT: Space structure equipped with a neutrino transmitter, 3NTX (it may be able to transmit neutrinos of different masses). 2MS-NUT-GRAV or 3NRX may be able to transmit neutrinos of a mass, energy, and type (or a group of multiple types of neutrinos) that are favorable for communication, taking into account the effects of neutrino oscillation and gravity / gravitational forces. 3NRX may measure the mass and energy of neutrinos transmitted from 3NTX as they change due to oscillation and also taking into account the gravity of 2MS-NUT-GRAV. (3NRX may measure neutrinos when they are subjected to gravity / gravitational forces and oscillating.) Neutrinos emitted from 3NTX may be a neutrino beam, 1NUT-BEAM. Leptons and neutrinos may be emitted from 3NTX. 1NUT-EMT-MIX: Neutrino mass and orbital section that may contain neutrinos of different masses, several types, or three types. 1NUT-BEAM: 1 NUT of the beam. 1NUT-LEPTON: 1 NUT of the lepton. 2MS-NUT-GRAV: Section that separates neutrinos of different masses using gravity and gravitational forces (forces). 1NUTE-ORBIT, 1NUTM-ORBIT, 1NUTT-ORBIT: Orbits of 1NUT electron (1NUTE), muon (1NUTM), and tau (1NUTT) neutrinos whose orbits have changed due to gravity and gravitational forces (forces) in 2MS-NUT-GRAV.3NRX-ELEN / -MUN / -TAUN: Space structure 3 with neutrino detector (-ELEN: electron, -MUN: muon, -TAUN: tau neutrino suffixes.) *The further away from 2MS-NUT-GRAV, the larger the orbital and distance variations dEM and dET of neutrinos as they change orbit and are separated at 2MS-NUT-GRAV. (The distance difference dEM and dET of the muon neutrino suffix 1NUTM-ORBIT relative to the electron neutrino suffix 1NUTT-ORBIT.) (dET), and to increase the difference within the vastness of space, a space-traveling transport device 3 may be equipped with a detector to create a neutrino observation spacecraft, satellite, or structure 3NRX, which can detect electron, mu, and tau neutrinos by increasing the distance difference (by increasing the difference in positional distance). To detect neutrinos, 3NRX may be equipped with a location LM1Z for attenuating cosmic rays and muons, or a particle decelerator, and a sensor or detector may be placed within LM1Z of 3NRX to attempt neutrino detection. <Figure 27> 4D-MUCF: A torus-shaped or annular vessel (which may be a plasma vessel, vacuum vessel, solid, liquid, or gas vessel, or pressure vessel). A doughnut-shaped vessel may also be used. 4T-MUCF: A tubular or cylindrical vessel (which may be a plasma vessel, vacuum vessel, solid, liquid, or gas vessel, or pressure vessel). A cylindrical, box-shaped, or tubular vessel may also be used. 1F-SYS: Nuclear fusion system, 1EXP-SYS: Nuclear transmutation system, 1R: Nuclear fusion reactor, nuclear transmutation reactor, reactor *In Figure 27, the ITER fusion reactor may be equipped with the equipment necessary for a nuclear fusion reactor. For muon fusion reactors, the vessels 4D-MUCF and 4T-MUCF may be equipped with the equipment necessary for a nuclear fusion reactor, such as the T1-FEED supply system, power generation unit, heat exchanger, AEC, and fusion product / helium removal unit, as shown in Figures 10 to 7 and 21. (A) Annular vessel, view from directly above T1-FEED: target for raw material atoms to be transmuted, nuclear transmutation raw material.M1: muon, muon source, muon generation unit, irradiation unit, input unit to T1 MA1: muonic atom, muonic atom generation unit, irradiation unit, input unit to T1 (4P-DEVICE: device that inputs raw materials to the 4D container and FEED unit to the plasma T1 and FEED, fuel supply unit, equipment that supports the fusion reactor 1R) (4D-DEVICE: device that inputs raw materials to the 4D container and FEED unit to the liquid gas T1 and FEED, fuel supply unit, equipment that supports the 1R) 4D -IGNIS: Ignition device (a part that heats the FEED in a thermonuclear fusion reactor, such as a CS coil, and leads to the initial nuclear fusion, or a muon irradiation part that leads to the initial muon nuclear fusion in muon nuclear fusion. A device for initiating nuclear fusion, an ignition part. *In the case of muon nuclear fusion, this is the muon irradiation part, or the part that inertially confines or magnetically confines the FEED to heat it when irradiating muons. It can also be a neutral particle injector or a FEED heating part using RF or photons.) 4P-2MU: A part that irradiates muons into plasma. It can also be an injection part or neutral particle injector for muonic atoms / particles that have been bonded with muons to make them charge neutral. (It can also include a muon decelerator.) 4D-2MU: A part that irradiates muons into liquid / gas / solid T1 / FEED. It can also be an injection part or neutral particle injector for muons or muonic atoms / particles. (May include a muon decelerator) LM14D: M1 introduction section, connection section to the vessel 4D-MUCF: Vessel. 4D-MUCF-ROT: Rotatable vessel. 4D-IN: Vessel wall / vessel surface. Part facing the FEED / T1 / nuclear fusion section inside the vessel. 4AXS: Axis of rotation of the vessel in the toroidal direction. In the case of a vessel that rotates in the toroidal direction, 4D-MUCF-ROT, this is the central axis when rotating in the toroidal direction. 2COIL: Coil for forming a magnetic vessel. Stellarator or helical type may be used. A coil that forms a magnetic field in the toroidal direction. (May include tokamak-type coils and TF coils, and broadly a magnetic field generating means for confining charged particles such as muons and plasma within a vessel) Stellarator / helical coil 2COIL-STR, tokamak-type coil 2COIL-TOK, TF coil, CS coil, PF coil, etc.) FEED-MF: FEED-T1 within the magnetic vessel T1-2BMU: Magnetic field, magnetic field passing through the target T1. 4MFC-ORBIT: Magnetic vessel, orbit of the magnetic vessel formed in a toroidal direction centered on 4AXS.4MU-ORBIT: Muons held and rotating in a magnetic vessel, or a magnetic vessel holding muons, muons held in a magnetic vessel. *4D-MUCF may rotate muons, charged particles, or plasma around 4AXIS within the magnetic vessel using 4MFC-ORBIT, T1-2BMU, and 4MU-ORBIT, or confine muons in that section. (cf: Alternatively, as shown in Figures 10 to 15, a muon target section and particle target section may be inserted to form a section 2CLP in which plasma, particles, or muons orbiting around 4AXS collide with the target section in the 4MU-ORBIT, causing the particles to collide with each other, generating particles.) (B) Annular vessel, horizontal view [cross-sectional view of section A-A'] (CS-COIL: CS-COIL if necessary). 4D-MUCF: Annular vessel. 4D-IN: Vessel wall. (Can be a conductor) 2COIL: Coil, TF-COIL, Helical-COIL. T1-2BMU, 4MU-ORBIT (magnetic container, muon in magnetic container) 4D-MUCF-ROT: Rotatable container. (C) Cylindrical container (cylindrical container) 1F-SYS, 1EXP-SYS, 1R4T-MUCF: container, cylindrical container 4T-MUCF-ROT: Rotatable container. M1, MA1, M1F: high-speed muons or muonic atoms; 2MUDECE: muon decelerator, muonic atom decelerator; M1L: decelerated muons (muonic atoms); 4STAT: support and fixed part for the vessel (bearing 4B for rotation, vessel rotation part 4ROT); 2COILs-FOR-4T: group of coils for forming a magnetic vessel within the cylindrical vessel (note that the coils may be arranged in a manner that allows a magnetic vessel to be formed within the cylindrical vessel, and the vessel material may be such that such a vessel can be formed); (2ICF: inertial confinement means for inertial confinement of the T1 part. This is a part that compresses the T1 part using a laser or ion beam); AEC: alpha ray energy conversion part, charged particle direct generator (converter) (if necessary, 1TH-NZ nozzle, 1TH: thruster); 1GENR: power generation part. This may be a part that generates electricity using light or electromagnetic waves generated by the AEC, such as a photoelectric conversion element. (Although the number of moving parts will increase, a turbine-type power generation unit that boils water to generate steam and rotates a turbine, like a thermal power generation unit, may also be used.) 1PRPLT: Propellant (propellant ejected using particles and alpha rays generated after nuclear fusion, or photons and particles generated by nuclear fusion energy and their energy input) (A*) Magnetic field of annular vessel and muon trajectory 4MU-ORBIT: Magnetic field trajectory that confines muons (magnetic vessel) 2MUDECE: Decelerator (it may be possible to remotely and non-contactly inject high-speed muons M1F into a rotating 4D-MUCF-ROT vessel, decelerating them in this section to obtain decelerated muons M1L) M1-CYCLB: Muons rotating, moving, in circular motion, spiral motion, or cyclotron motion due to the magnetic field within T1. 4D-MUCF-H: 4D-MUCF vessel capable of generating helical and stellarator-type magnetic vessels. 4D-MUCF: Vessel capable of generating helical, tokamak, and other magnetic vessels. (In the case of a tokamak type, it may be possible to heat the T1, FEED, and plasma sections using a CS coil.) <Fig. 33> (B) Explanatory diagram of cylindrical vessel 4T and 4T-MUCF 4T, 4T-MUCF, 4T-MUCF-ROT: vessel. (In this diagram, it is a cylindrical vessel. *There is no restriction on the shape, and the pressure vessel may be made of metal; 4D, 4D-MUCF are also acceptable.) 4T-IN: Wall surface that may be metal. In this diagram, it is assumed that the pressure vessel has a thick metal wall surface. 2COILs-FOR-4T: Coil. For forming a magnetic vessel. 1NUT-TX: Neutrino transmitter, neutrino beam transmitter 2MU-BY-NUT: Part that generates muons from neutrinos (e.g. discharge chamber that receives neutrinos) 2MU: Muon generator, M1F: High-speed muons 2MUDECE: Muon decelerator T1・FEED: Nuclear transmutation material, target part <Figure 34> Figure 34 is an envisioned diagram of an example reaction in which methane (deuterium carbide, CD4) consisting of deuterium D and carbon-12 is irradiated with negative muons, causing the negative muons to bond with the carbon-12 in the methane, D undergoes nuclear fusion with the carbon-12 in the methane CD4 to become nitrogen-14, after which deuterium D bonds with the nitrogen-14 to become an excited oxygen nucleus 16O*, which is then transmuted into carbon-12 and alpha rays, "CD4 + muon -> 12C + D -> 14N + D -> 16O* -> 12C + 4He."34 includes an explanatory diagram for the case where the cycle "CD4 + muon → 12C + D + muon → 14N + D + muon → 16O* → 12C + 4He + muon" is repeated twice within CD4, resulting in an overall reaction equation of CD4 + muon → C (carbon-12) + 2 × He (helium-4) + muon. Within CD4, two D atoms are bonded to 12C, and the reaction returns to a carbon-12 nucleus via an excited oxygen nucleus. Therefore, the reaction equation for bonding a negative muon to methane CD4 shown in FIG. 34 is a "nuclear transmutation system using muons, comprising a step of bonding a muon with a source atom to obtain an excited nucleus, and then nuclear transmuting the nucleus into an atom having a smaller effective nuclear charge or atomic number than the source atom," where the source atoms are carbon-12 and deuterium within a methane molecule consisting of carbon-12 and deuterium D. <Fig. 35> <System for nuclear fusing fluorine atoms and hydrogen atoms within a molecule, P-19F system when nuclear fusing adjacent H and F within PVDF resin> Figure 35 is an explanatory diagram of the case where polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF (PVDF consisting of hydrogen, fluorine-19, and carbon is sufficient) is used as the target section T1 and muon decelerator 2MUDECE in the dielectric 2LZI of the electric field forming element 2FDELE of the muon decelerator 2MUDECE in Fig. 20, resulting in a target and decelerator section T1-With-PVDF-2MUDECE. The target and decelerator unit T1-With-PVDF-2MUDECE contains carbon, fluorine, and hydrogen within the resin or molecule, and the fluorine and hydrogen may have a portion where the fluorine and hydrogen are close to each other between the chains of the PVDF molecules when the PVDF is polarized by the application of an external potential difference or electric field (portion T1-Hu19F where F and H are enclosed in a dashed circle in Figure 35). (Or, the PVDF resin may have a bond formed by intermolecular forces between the fluorine and hydrogen.) Electrodes 2ER (Sheet A) may be attached to both ends of the dielectric portion 2LZI made of PVDF in the target and decelerator unit T1-With-PVDF-2MUDECE (Sheet B).The target / decelerator unit T1-With-PVDF-2MUDECE may be externally applied with a potential difference or voltage, and muons irradiated from the muon source M1 are decelerated by the electric field generated in the T1-With-PVDF-2MUDECE, and the decelerated muons are bonded to the adjacent hydrogen and fluorine atoms (T1-Hu19F) (or the fluorine-hydrogen atoms of the fluorine-hydrogen bond formed by the intermolecular force) within the T1-With-PVDF-2MUDECE, thereby forming a nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS that induces muon fusion between the hydrogen and fluorine atoms. The configuration of Figure 35 is capable of attempting to induce fluorine-hydrogen fusion between adjacent fluorine atoms and hydrogen atoms within solid PVDF resin, which is not corrosive or toxic like hydrogen fluoride. When PVDF is used for the target section T1, the electric field forming element 2FDELE / capacitor element for the muon decelerator can serve as both the target and fuel section T1. 35 describes a configuration in which PVDF is used as the insulating portion, dielectric portion, and piezoelectric portion (or pyroelectric portion) of the capacitor element / electric field generating element 2FDELE to generate an electric field. However, for example, in the case where the laser wakefield LWF in FIG. 18 generates the laser wakefield electric field 2LASER-EF in the material portion, decelerates muons with the electric field 2LASER-EF, and then couples the muons to T1, if PVDF is used for T1, compared to using hydrogen fluoride HF for T1, PVDF is non-toxic and does not require pressurization or gas pressure or container management, and solid PVDF can be used as the target portion T1 of the muon irradiation unit and laser irradiation unit for generating the laser wakefield, which is easy to install, arrange, and maintain. Therefore, in this application, a nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS or a nuclear transmutation system may be configured in which fluorine and hydrogen in PVDF are fused using muons. (*In Figures 35 and 36, muons are slowed down in the T1-With-PVDF-2MUDECE section and then guided to H and F in the PVDF to combine and attempt muon nuclear fusion. *In Figure 36, coil 2COIL confines the muons slowed down in the T1-With-PVDF-2MUDECE section in magnetic container 2MAGC.T1 is contained in magnetic container 2MAGC, and muons are prevented from escaping from T1 by encouraging the T1 inside magnetic container 2MAGC, which is generated by coil 2COIL, to continue to diffuse. The coil confines muons to T1, encouraging them to remain in T1 and continue to diffuse. Coil 2COIL is powered by coil power supply unit 2PWSP-COIL and its control unit, which passes current to generate the magnetic field through the coil. <When placed in a coil, magnetic container, and magnetic field> *In Figure 36, 2MUDECE, T1-With-PVDF-2MUDECE, which is also T1 made of PVDF, is stored in magnetic container 2MAGC formed by coil 2COIL. *In one form, the magnetic container may be formed by a tube-type or helical-type coil 2COIL, 2COIL-Helical. (For example, a tubular vessel 4T or a rotatable tubular vessel 4T-ROT may be equipped with the helical coil 2COIL-Helical shown in FIG. 36 to form vessels 4T-H and 4T-H-ROT. A target T1 may be stored in the twisted magnetic vessel or helical magnetic vessel, and muons may be irradiated onto the T1 portion within the magnetic vessel to bond the muons to the T1.) <Resins and Compounds Containing Fluorine, Hydrogen, and Carbon> In one embodiment of the present application, resins and compounds containing fluorine, hydrogen, and carbon may be used. (An example is PVDF, which can also be used as a dielectric, insulator, piezoelectric, or pyroelectric material.) (Muon nuclear fusion between molecules of substances or atomic molecular groups containing hydrogen and fluorine may be attempted.) Comparing VDF and PVDF, PVDF has the advantage that gaseous VDF can be polymerized to form a solid polymer or resin, and hydrogen and fluorine atoms can be brought into close proximity within the solid polymer, and it is not as toxic as HF. *It is also possible to attempt to promote muonic fusion by using fluoromethane or difluoromethane (gas at room temperature and pressure) as a liquid or solid, bringing the hydrogen and fluorine between the fluoromethane molecules close together and binding muons to the close-up sites. (For example, HFCs and hydrofluorocarbons, which are also used as refrigerants, and simple examples such as CH2F2 and CH3F. Note that it is fine if the hydrogen and fluorine between adjacent CH2F2 molecules in the liquid or solid CH2F2 can be brought close enough to allow muonic fusion, but if they are not close enough, muonic fusion may not occur.)*If we consider CH2F2 simply as a substance containing fluorine and hydrogen fuel (considering it as a non-toxic hydrogen-fluoride fusion fuel gas, CH2F2), it may be used as the laser-irradiated target T1 for laser wakefield generation or a laser-based inertial confinement fusion reactor, as shown in Figure 18. By laser-heating the CH2F2 molecules and moving the molecules and atoms within them, muons may also be decelerated and bonded to cause muon fusion or laser-confinement fusion. *According to the following document PF1, it is publicly known that the dielectric strength of PVDF varies depending on the resin's manufacturing method, thickness, temperature, and voltage application and pulse method. (See the priority document claimed in this application.) PVDF may be used in the system, decelerator, and target of this application because it has the potential to provide a high dielectric strength when forming an electric field for muon deceleration, and because it contains fluorine and hydrogen within its molecules, it may be possible to construct a capacitor-type muon decelerator 2MUDECE that doubles as a fluorine-hydrogen muon fusion target. Electrodes (low-Z metallic lithium and carbon conductive materials) can be attached to submicron (0.4 micrometers or less) PVDF films by vapor deposition or other methods to form a PVDF capacitor 2FDELE-PVDF or a stacked PVDF film capacitor 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF sandwiched between electrodes like a laminated film capacitor. An electric field can be applied to the capacitor to serve as a muon decelerator and muon coupling target unit T1. *By stacking submicron PVDF film capacitors, a 1-meter-long capacitor stack device 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF-1M may be constructed as a capacitor / muon decelerator / muon catalytic fusion fuel target unit T1 with a 2 GV breakdown voltage. Cosmic muons have GeV-class kinetic energy and velocity, and if the capacitor stack device 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF-1M can generate a 2-gigavolt electric field within the device, it may be possible to decelerate GeV-class negative muons. It may also be possible to separate positive and negative muons, which have different charges, within the device 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF-1M. It is expected that positive muons will be accelerated within or pass through the device 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF-1M, while negative muons will be decelerated within the device 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF-1M.*Device 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF-1M may be cooled. (It may also be immersed in a low-Z solvent (e.g., liquid helium). At low temperatures, even if you want to convert the alpha ray energy generated after nuclear fusion into electricity using a heat exchanger (HX) or steam turbine, heating liquid helium with alpha rays may be unsuitable for high temperatures, high pressures, and PVDF cooling, making it undesirable. In such cases, it may be preferable to convert the alpha rays into gamma ray or photon energy using AEC and then convert them into electricity. A solvent with a lower Z value than the fluorine in PVDF, such as liquid nitrogen (N2), may be considered. The atomic number (Z) of He is smaller than that of N2, making it less likely to trap muons. Cooling refrigerants made of low-Z atoms are also conceivable.) *In this application, the atomic proximity method for bringing the atoms to be fused together at T1 may be described as being performed in two stages. The first-stage atom proximity means can be to bond atoms together, as in HF molecules, or to bring atoms into close proximity between molecules, as in the case of H and F between PVDF molecules, and the second-stage atom proximity means is to bond muons instead of electrons to the atoms that were close in the first stage, and because muons are about 200 times heavier than electrons, the two atomic nuclei in the muon molecule are made to easily approach each other in an attempt to cause nuclear fusion.) *In another example of the expression of the present application, in order to cause nuclear fusion between atoms, atoms are first brought close to the molecular-to-molecular distance by including atoms that will undergo nuclear fusion intramolecularly or intermolecularly, and the atoms are given an atomic arrangement in which they are close together intramolecularly or intermolecularly, and a muon is bound to the arrangement of the close atoms in an attempt to cause muon nuclear fusion between the atoms. <Fig. 36> Fig. 36 is an explanatory diagram of a cylindrical container 4T-H (or a cylindrical container 4T-ROT-H that can rotate in the theta direction) in which the magnetic confinement coil 2COIL is a helical coil and a helical magnetic container 2MAGC can be formed inside the container. *The coil 2COIL and the reducer T1 may be stored in the cylindrical container 4T, for example. *2COIL may be a helical coil 2COIL-Helicals (Helical-COILs). *The solenoid coil may be oblique or tilted relative to the longitudinal axis to form a helical or spiral coil (helical solenoid).In a normal solenoid coil, the coil loops are shown in Figure 33(A) as intersecting perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction (the length direction of the axis of 4AXS-4T-TH), and generally speaking, when it comes to solenoids, the coil is wound so that it intersects perpendicularly as described above, but the way the coil is wound in the longitudinal direction of the coil can be rough and can be angled so that the solenoid is wound helically. (@A part of the toroidal loop of a doughnut / annular helical fusion reactor (Japan's LHC, Germany's W7-X) is cut out and combined with a means for closing both ends of the open-ended / tubular cutout.) (A helical doughnut-shaped vessel 4D-TH includes a combination of a magnetic field in the toroidal direction / longitudinal direction of the doughnut and a magnetic field twisting in the poloidal direction of the doughnut. In a tokamak type, a toroidal magnetic field is formed by a TF coil, and a magnetic field in the poloidal direction is generated by a CS coil by passing a plasma current through the plasma in the doughnut, thereby forming a helical magnetic vessel.) *In this application, a helical coil or a helical magnetic field cage / magnetic vessel may be formed in the doughnut / annular vessel 4D or tube / cylinder vessel 4T, and charged particles, positive and negative muons, or plasma may be confined within it, and T1 may be placed within the vessel. *As shown in Figure 33, the coil / magnetic vessel may be equipped with a rotating means such as a rotating means 4ROT, a bearing 4B, and a coupling (e.g., slip ring) that supplies power to the rotating coil and reducer, allowing the coil / vessel / magnetic vessel (and vessel wall) to rotate in the theta direction. (*The ends of the helical solenoid coil may be arranged so that the radius of the winding narrows toward each end, like the ends of a spiral shell, conch shell, or croissant, and then the solenoid wire is extracted to the external coil power circuit side.) *The helical solenoid coil may confine charged particles / muons using magnetic and electric fields, as in a tandem mirror device. A cylindrical vessel 4T may be configured as a cylindrical vessel 4T-H (a cylindrical vessel 4T-MUCF-H for muon fusion reactors including a helical solenoid coil / magnetic vessel / magnetic cage 2MAGC) in which the magnetic confinement coil 2COIL is a helical coil and can form a helical magnetic vessel 2MAGC within the vessel.<Fig. 37> <Example of arrangement of a reducer and fuel T1 using a capacitor element made of material that may be PVDF> An example of the arrangement of a reducer is shown in Fig. 37. Fig. 37(A) is an explanatory diagram of a case where a voltage application power supply 2PWSP is connected to a capacitor element / reduction element 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF-1M that may be in the 1m class in size, and 2PWSP is connected to an electric circuit 2ELECIR and a computer / control unit 2CON, and is controlled by 2CON to generate direct current (DC) or pulsed / alternating current (AC) voltage, which can be applied to the element 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF-1M. (The 2PWSP may be capable of generating and applying gigavolt voltages.) A muon M1, which may be a cosmic muon SM1, or a fast muon M1F enters the 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF-1M element with applied voltage. M1F is decelerated by the electric field inside the 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF-1M element to become a decelerated muon M1L, which can then be bonded to an atom, such as a fluorine atom, within the 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF-1M element. Muon fusion and nuclear transmutation may then be attempted between the fluorine atom and an adjacent hydrogen atom. <Figure 38> As shown in Figure 38, the 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF-1M may be used as a negative muon decelerator. The 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF-1M element may be used as a positive muon accelerator. The high-speed negative muon M1F may be decelerated by the element to become a negative muon M1L and may be guided to bind to the target T1. The high-speed positive muon M1F may be accelerated by the element 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF-1M to become a positive muon M1FA, which passes through the element and is emitted outside the element. The accelerated positive muon M1FA may then be collided with the TGT section / particle collision section 2CLP of the muon target 2MU to generate muons, leptons, and particles. The positive muon M1FA may, for example, collide with an electron in an atom to generate positive and negative electrons or positive and negative muon / lepton pairs, as produced in a lepton collider. Furthermore, when a positive muon collides with a proton, nuclear spallation or the generation of mesons, pions, kaons, etc. may occur. *The energized, electric field-forming element 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF-1M may be arranged to decelerate incoming negative muons, and in this arrangement, positive muons may be accelerated in the opposite direction to the negative muons.Element 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF-1M is an accelerator / decelerator for positive and negative muons (electrons / positrons, positive and negative muons, positive and negative tauons, leptons, and charged particles, depending on the application). Element 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF-1M is also a separator for positive and negative muons (positive and negative leptons, or positive and negative particles, depending on the application). *Element 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF-1M can accelerate positive muons (charged particles) depending on its configuration and the way the electric field is formed. For example, it can be used as an accelerator to decelerate negative muons, which are among the positive and negative muons of cosmic muons, using element 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF-1M to combine with T1, while accelerating positive muons and causing them to collide with particle collision targets or muon targets such as electrons, atoms, and particles. <Fig. 39> Fig. 39 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration in which multiple 2FDELE-LAM-PVDFs are installed as decelerators, and muons are decelerated as they pass through each 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF, while the decelerated muons can be bound to a target section T1-FEED (fuel materials such as T1, T1-H2O containing hydrogen and oxygen-18, T1-D2O containing deuterium and oxygen-16, T1-NH4 containing nitrogen-15 and hydrogen, and T1-ND4 containing nitrogen-14 and deuterium) separate from the decelerators. In Fig. 39(A), high-speed muons are decelerated by multiple 2FDELE-LAM-PVDFs and then bound to T1. In this case, a muon capture unit 2MUCAP that captures muons can be placed between T1 and multiple 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF elements, and M1L slowed down by 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF can be captured and transported by 2MUCAP (2MUCAP can generate a magnetic field using magnetic field generating means such as coil 2COIL or a solenoid to capture and transport muons), and then transported to T1, coupling T1 and M1L. Figure 39(B) is an explanatory diagram of a configuration in which a target T1-FEED is inserted between an array of 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF elements (for example, T1 can be made of a different substance instead of PVDF, such as ammonia NH4.ND4, water H2O.D2O, or NaH.AlH3 (described below), or T1-NaH or T1-AlH3).In Figure 34F(B), for example, elements 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF and T1 are arranged alternately, and negative muons enter the alternating arrangement portion 2FDELE-T1-ARRAY of elements 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF and T1 from the left side and cross said arrangement portion, and the negative muons are decelerated as they cross the element 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF and are then bound to the T1 portion (fuel such as T1, T1-NH4, T1-H2O, T1-NaH, T1-AlH3, etc.) which may be in the middle of being decelerated. While the alternating array section 2FDELE-T1-ARRAY in the figure shows a total of three T1s inserted between four elements, the number of repetitions of elements and T1s need not be limited to the representation shown in the figure. For example, submicron elements and 1-micron fuel T1 sections may be alternately arranged over a length of 2 meters (sets of 2-micron-thick elements and T1s may be arranged in, for example, 10^6 (1,000,000 layers) over a 2-meter length), resulting in an alternating array section 2FDELE-T1-ARRAY. An electric field is applied to each element in the alternating array section, slowing negative muons in the element section while coupling the decelerated muons to the T1 section located next to the element. <Figure 40> Figure 40 is an explanatory diagram of the cube device 2MUDECE-R3D. A potential is applied to the electrodes to create a three-dimensional deceleration electric field in the X, Y, and Z directions that slows cosmic muons, attempting to decelerate muons. It can also be used to accelerate leptons such as muons and electrons with opposite charges. <Figure 41> <Device for changing meteorite trajectory using energy from a muon fusion system> As shown in Figure 41, a transport vehicle 5 or robot 5 / 5WKR for intercepting meteorites may be constructed, which sets and attaches a container 4T-MUCF loaded with muon fusion fuel, such as methane CD4, B2H6, or ND3, to a meteorite MTO that may fall to Earth. <Figure 42> <Configuration for excavating a meteorite, causing nuclear fusion inside the meteorite, and generating energy within the meteorite> An attempt may be made to change the meteorite's trajectory by projecting mass onto the meteorite using a mass driver 3 or centrifugal gun (a device for projecting mass). (NASA's DART mission, which involves projecting a spacecraft into a meteorite to change its trajectory, is well known and has been carried out.) Furthermore, the use of nuclear fission or fusion energy to explode meteorites approaching Earth is also being considered.If there is little time to avoid a collision (less than 10 years), it may be possible to consider blowing up the meteorite with a nuclear weapon, splitting its mass and deflecting the meteorite fragments away from the Earth, or reducing the mass of the meteorite fragments that have reached the Earth to prevent fatal damage. <Placing and driving nuclear fuel deep inside> *It may be possible to project or fire a hammer or a load (3LOAD) with nuclear fuel and a muon generator equipped with a hammer from a centrifugal gun (for example, a structure including a centrifugal gun section and a mass driver section, such as 3.3 SPINFSAT), and drive the hammer into the meteorite like a pile driver to create a hole in the meteorite. After the hammer strike, 3LOAD penetrates the meteorite and penetrates deep into it, whereupon neutrinos or ignition particles are irradiated from the outside using a neutrino communication or other mechanism toward the muon generator and nuclear fuel left behind within the iron meteorite. The ignition particles generate muons, which then bond with the fuel T1, causing muonic fusion and resulting in an explosion or blast inside the meteorite. (To determine where the fuel is implanted into the meteorite, muography or particles such as neutrinos may be used to obtain a CT scan of the meteorite after the fuel is implanted, thereby confirming the distribution of the implanted fuel.) *The muon generator, muon decelerator, and nuclear fuel T1 that constitute the muon fusion / muon transmutation system 1F-SYS / 1EXP-SYS of this application may be mounted on cargo 3LOAD (missile, rocket, warhead) projected by a projection means such as a centrifugal gun 3SPINFSAT. 3LOAD, which may contain a tank gun, artillery shell, or armor-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) bullet capable of penetrating metal or ceramic armor (e.g., a long bullet like a stake or nail), may be accelerated from the surface side of the meteorite into the interior of the meteorite using a centrifugal gun and then projected to penetrate. (The kinetic energy K of 3LOAD's bullet is K = 1 / 2 × the square of the bullet's velocity v.) Like a ground-penetrating bomb, 3LOAD, which is a penetrating bomb or penetrating warhead accelerated to high speed, may be equipped with a fusion fuel unit T1, muon generation units 2MU and 2MU-BY-NUT, a muon deceleration unit, and a unit capable of decelerating and coupling muons to the fuel, which constitute a nuclear fusion system.The device described in this application uses solid fusion fuel T1 (e.g., deuterium carbonate resin (C2D4)n, lithium borohydride LiBH4). When a penetrating bullet 3LOAD is fired into the interior of an iron meteorite (MTO), the bullet (accelerated by a centrifugal gun 3SPINFSAT, possibly to a speed described as X% of the speed of light) may be made of, for example, deuterium carbonate resin. A solid fusion fuel and muon generator (a nucleus that generates muons using neutrinos) are loaded inside the armor-piercing bullet, and the armor-piercing bullet is launched into the iron meteorite, with the inertia and pressure of the advancing armor-piercing bullet pushing the surface of the iron meteorite into it. If the material of a bullet that penetrates the surface and armor of an MTO is used as fuel T1, and the bullet contains fusion fuel and a neutrino / muon generator, it may be possible to irradiate the remaining T1 portion of the bullet that remains inside the metal with neutrinos to cause muon fusion. (As shown in Figure 45 (B), after firing a T1 nuclear fuel bullet 3LOADT1 (balls) into a metallic meteorite, it is also possible to fire a bullet containing the muon generation part, atomic nuclei, and particles 2MU-GEN-ATOM) At the very least, it may be possible to fire an accelerated fusion fuel bullet into the metal body of the meteorite, leaving the bullet and fusion fuel within the metal and placing the fuel T1, and if muons can be bound to the placed fuel (because it is within the metal, muon generation particles that can penetrate the metal can be transmitted to the T1 part or muon generation part), it may be possible to cause muon fusion. *In order to increase the strength of the bullet casing, it is also conceivable that the surface could be surrounded by a case made of, for example, carbon-12 diamond, carbon fiber, or BN / BNNT. <Configuration in which balls or stakes fired from a centrifugal gun are struck against the surface of the meteorite to blast and excavate the surface> *It is also possible to attempt to use bullets fired from a centrifugal gun / mass driver like hammers or stakes for driving stakes (or using hammer balls instead of sand for sandblasting) to continuously strike and drive the bullets into the metal surface, destroying, crushing, removing, and processing the metal surface, and then excavating. <Fig. 43> Fig. 43 is an explanatory diagram of the transmission of neutrinos, muons, and particles from particle transmitters 5BTX (which may be multiple units) for detonation attached to the transportation equipment 5SHIP or the iron meteorite MTO to particle receiver 5BRX in hole 5T-HOLE.The neutrino transmitter / particle transmitter 5BTX (which may be multiple units) for detonation attached to the iron meteorite MTO may be equipped with a radio / radio wave communication unit / radio wave receiver 5TX-RAD, and the detonation signal from 5SHIP etc. may be sent and received via radio / radio wave using 5TX-RAD, and then the radio wave radio signal may be used to operate the neutrino transmitter 1NUT-TX of 5BTX to transmit neutrinos to 5BRX (2MU-BY-NUT). <Fig. 44> Fig. 44 is an explanatory diagram of forming the material and iron parts of the meteorite (by supplying nuclear fusion fuel T1 such as methane or ammonia, injecting muons and slowing them down in the drilling body 5REMV-BODY) and forming a muon nuclear fusion part near the iron of the drilling head 5REMV-HEAD (FP part, MLTFE in Fig. 48). <Fig. 45> Fig. 45 is an explanatory diagram of projecting and firing a nuclear fuel with a hammer or hammer part and a load (3LOAD) with a muon generation part from a centrifugal gun (for example a structure including a centrifugal gun part and mass driver part such as 3SPINFSAT), and striking the hammer against the meteorite part to hammer into the meteorite and create a hole in it like a pile driver. Also, an explanatory diagram showing how nuclear fuel T1 (2MU-GEN-ATOM) and a cargo with a muon generator (3LOAD) are launched into an iron meteorite using a cargo acceleration and projection means such as a centrifugal gun, and how neutrinos are irradiated onto the launched T1 2MU-GEN-ATOM to generate and combine muons with the T1 portion, thereby causing muon nuclear fusion within the meteorite. <Fig. 46> @ In Fig. 46, it is possible to manufacture multiple fiber material parts 2NTLP such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) or boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) with closed ends in a loop, ring, or annular shape, and attempt to form a chain 2LPST made of 2NTLP. 2LPST can be described as a chain-like arrangement of corners, circles, rings, and loops, like the pattern of a family crest with "different corners, different corner cuts, and different circles." The starting loop 2LPST and the ending loop 2LPST are combined to form a single continuous 2LPST, and the 2LPST may be used as a frame, cable, or structural part 2LPST that can withstand the centrifugal force when the 3SPINFSAT rotates. 2NTLP may contain a wire, tube, loop, or ring part 2NTLP-I2 made of another material (e.g., metal or alloy). 2NTLP and 2NTLP-CHAIN ​​may contain a wire, tube, loop, or atomic or molecular part made of another material.2NTLP may be a hybrid material that can withstand centrifugal force, including a wire / tube / loop / ring portion 2NTLP-I2 made of another material. This configuration allows it to be used as a frame or structural material for parts requiring strength, such as the wire portion of a centrifugal gun or a space elevator. 2NTLP contains a continuous wire / tube / loop / ring portion 2NTLP-I2 made of another material (e.g., a metal or alloy). Because the material is the wire / tube / loop / ring portion 2NTLP-I2, even if the tube portion of the 2NTLP portion containing 2NTLP-I2 breaks due to deterioration or other reasons, the internal wire / tube portion remains, allowing the metal nanotube ring portion to maintain the connection. When a chain made of 2NTLP, 2NTLP-CHAIN, is actually used in centrifugal guns, space elevators, etc., a plurality of chain groups, 2NTLP-CHAINs, are used and bundled together to form a (macroscopic) rope, cable, ribbon, string, or frame part 2LPST made of nanotube chains that can withstand centrifugal force, weight, and mechanical force; however, there is a possibility that the strength will decrease and break, as atoms in the BNNT or CNT parts of 2NTLP will be sputtered or undergo chemical reactions due to cosmic rays or atomic oxygen (AO), etc., and so even if a single 2NTLP or 2NTLP-CHAIN ​​breaks, the chain will not separate from the wire, tube, loop, or loop part, and will remain entangled, so a hybrid loop 2NTLP or chain 2NTLP-CHAIN ​​may be used, in which a metal or alloy wire part is included in the 2NTLP. Even if one ring 2NTLP(A) in a certain chain 2NTLP-CHAIN(C) breaks or the tube breaks, as long as the 2NTLP-I2(A) contained within the 2NTLP(A) does not break, the contained 2NTLP-I2(A) will combine as a chain with another adjacent / combined 2NTLP(B), and the chain (C) containing them will not immediately break but can be arranged in a tangled state or not move within the chain group 2NTLP-CHAINs. For example, if the chain group can be wound up during maintenance, or if there is a camera unit / X-ray observation unit 2LPST-MEAS for observing the chain portion / chain group, there is the advantage that the chain structure 2NTLP-I2-CHAIN ​​of the metal portion 2NTLP-I2 is maintained and it can be seen whether the high-strength tube portion 2NTLP such as BNNT is prone to break or break in actual use.(During chain 2NTLP-CHAIN ​​maintenance, by inserting metal wire 2NTLP-I2 inside loop portion 2NTLP, a component of chain 2NTLP-CHAIN, the high Z of metal atoms in 2NTLP-I2 can be used in X-ray observation images. This allows metal wire 2NTLP-I2 to absorb X-rays more strongly than BNNT or CNT, resulting in shading in the X-ray CE image, indicating whether the metal wire 2NTLP-I2 has broken or not, and the fracture damage of the loop tube 2NTLP that contains it.) This can be used to check for scratches, and can be advantageous for determining when to maintain, observe the condition, check the quality, or replace the chains of the chain and chain group portions 2NTLP-CHAINs, so in one embodiment of the present application, a metal wire may be included.) When obtaining a transmission CT image of BNNTs or CNTs made of low-Z atoms to observe their structure and state of deterioration, muography, muon microscopes, and muon-applied measurement means using muons may be used in addition to X-rays, X-ray CT, and X-ray-applied measurement means. Photon gamma rays and X-rays are easily absorbed by high-Z elements such as metals, but are not easily absorbed by low-Z atoms. On the other hand, muons, such as positively charged muons, are leptons with mass. When irradiated with low-Z or high-Z nuclei (and the protons and neutrons within those nuclei) of an object to be observed using muography, the muon leptons change their orbits, which can be detected by a detector and used to observe the object. Therefore, they can be used to observe objects (the aforementioned ring portion 2NTLP, chain portion 2NTLP-CHAIN, chain group portion 2NTLP-CHAINs, and frame portion 2LPST). *2NTLP-CHAIN ​​and 2NTLP-CHAINs can be used for cables, chains, wires, ropes, and ribbons that require strength, such as in centrifuge guns and space elevators. *It would be preferable to synthesize a single seamless CNT or BNNT into a loop that would fit around one rotation of the centrifuge gun (it would also be preferable to construct a seamless tube over a large distance when used in space elevators, etc.).However, in case synthesis is not possible, if seamless ring-shaped BNNT tubes and ring portions (2NTLP) can be combined into a chain to form a 2NTLP-CHAIN ​​chain, each of the 2NTLPs constituting the chain would be able to exhibit the strength of seamless CNTs or BNNTs, and such chains could potentially exhibit the strength of CNTs or BNNTs as chain devices (although non-chain, linear tubes would be stronger, as a compromise). Therefore, in this application, a 2NTLP-CHAIN ​​chain composed of ring 2NTLPs, as shown in Figure 46, can be constructed and used in the frame portion of structural materials and systems requiring strength, such as centrifuge guns. *The 2NTLP-CHAIN ​​may be encapsulated within another nanotube. *The 2NTLP-CHAIN ​​and 2NTLP-CHAINs may be coated with another material to prevent reaction with atomic oxygen or to protect them from cosmic ray collisions. For example, it may be covered with a ceramic or insulating tube for insulation, or with a metal film or tube for protection from atomic oxygen and cosmic ray collisions. *2NTLP, 2NTLP-CHAIN, and 2NTLP-CHAINs may be components of electric wires (e.g., the power transmission wires of a space elevator). [*If a 2NTLP (2NTLP that may include 2NTLP-I2) can be made large enough to span a macroscopic length, such as the size of a space elevator or centrifugal gun 3SPINFSAT, a single ring portion of 2NTLP (2NTLP that may include 2NTLP-I2) may be included in and used in a ring-shaped frame portion 2LPST. *However, in case it is difficult to create nanotube loops of macroscopic lengths like those of space elevators or centrifugal guns (for example, the radius of the loop is not nano- or micro-level but macro-scale, such as meters, kilometers, or even 100 kilometers or more from the ground to outer space), a frame using 2NTLP-CHAIN ​​may be considered.

[0022] This application claims the benefit of priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-082974, filed May 22, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference. <Document Name> Patent Application No. 2024-082974 Specification <Title of Invention> Nuclear Transmutation System <Technical Field> <0001> <Technical Field> The present invention is a device / invention related to nuclear energy. The present invention relates to a muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion system. (This application is based on an idea and requires demonstration.) <Background Art> <0002> As shown in Non-Patent Document 1, the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion method (muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion) is known. <0003> Hydrogen molecules containing deuterium (D) and tritium (T) are made into a liquid, and muons are introduced into the liquid, causing the muons to act as a nuclear fusion catalyst and initiate a nuclear fusion reaction. However, in the case of hydrogen molecules, the charge of the nucleus after nuclear fusion increases from +1 for hydrogen atoms to +2 for helium atoms, and muons are captured and trapped by Coulomb forces by nuclei with a charge of +2, helium nuclei, and alpha particle nuclei, resulting in the problem of the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion halting (making it difficult to react). <0004> According to Non-Patent Document 2, a thermonuclear fusion method using protons and boron is known. A problem with thermonuclear fusion reactors is the high-energy neutron rays that can activate the fusion reactor through D-T and D-D reactions. As a solution to this problem, systems using protons and boron (P-11B system, proton-boron system) that do not or are difficult to emit neutrons are being considered. When using the P-11B system in a thermonuclear fusion reactor, there is a problem in that the temperature at which thermonuclear fusion occurs must be 10 times higher than that of a D-T system.<Prior art documents> <Patent documents> <0005> <Non-patent document 1> High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Muon catalyzed nuclear fusion [Internet, web page, URL: https: / / www2.kek.jp / imss / msl / muon-tour / fusion.html, accessed September 18, 2023] <Non-patent document> <0006> <Non-patent document 2> National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), Demonstration of nuclear fusion reaction using advanced fusion fuel - The first step towards a clean nuclear fusion reactor using a hydrogen-boron reaction that does not produce neutrons - [Internet web page, URL: https: / / www.nifs.ac.jp / news / researches / 230309-01. [html, accessed September 18, 2023] <Summary of the Invention> <Problem to be Solved by the Invention> <0007> The problem to be solved is that in muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion systems using hydrogen atoms or hydrogen molecules, muons are captured or trapped by Coulomb forces, causing the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion to stop (become less reactive). Furthermore, systems using deuterium (D) or tritium (T) in muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion generate neutrons that may radioactively activate components of the fusion reactor or fusion system. However, it may be possible to develop a system that does not generate neutrons. <Means for Solving the Problem> <0008> In muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion, the goal is to bring muons close to hydrogen atoms, the fuel material prior to fusion, to cause nuclear fusion. However, helium nuclei, the atomic nuclei after fusion, have a higher charge than hydrogen nuclei prior to fusion, making them more likely to capture muons. Therefore, in this invention, a system using protons and boron is disclosed as 1 in Figure 1 as a system that reverses this charge change. An example of a spacecraft 3 and transportation device 3 equipped with the system is shown in Figure 5. <0009> The intention behind Figure 5 is that spacecraft and space exploration robots 3 traveling between interstellar planets may be required to generate power and propel themselves using fuel on board the spacecraft, even in interplanetary or interstellar spaces where sunlight and starlight cannot reach. The background to this is the idea that it would be possible to use the vacuum environment of space as a power source, operate a particle accelerator to generate muons and protons, and construct a nuclear fusion reactor or nuclear fusion thruster. <0010> Furthermore, although neutrons may be emitted, as another perspective of the present invention (2), a system using protons and lithium is also disclosed as an example that is not limited to systems using protons and boron.The purpose of disclosing the lithium system is to emphasize that lithium has a lower melting point than boron and is easily heated to form liquid lithium. On the other hand, systems using boron require heating to high temperatures exceeding boron's melting point of 2,000 degrees Celsius. <0011> The present invention focuses on the fact that in a proton-boron nuclear fusion reaction system (P-11B system), the charge of the boron nucleus that serves as the fusion fuel is +5, and the charge of the helium produced after fusion is +3. The P-11B system is a system in which the charge of the nucleus decreases during the nuclear fusion reaction from boron to helium. (*On the other hand, as mentioned above, the D-T system is a system in which the charge increases after nuclear fusion, resulting in trapping.) <0012> Figure 1 of this application assumes the following reaction. (Not demonstrated) 1. A proton with a charge of +1 enters a boron nucleus with a charge of +5 (a muonic molecule containing boron) that has captured a muon with a charge of -1, causing or promoting a nuclear fusion reaction. 2. Nuclear fusion produces three helium alpha particles with a +3 charge and energy from one proton and one boron. 3. It is believed that muons prefer to be trapped by boron with a +5 charge that exists in large quantities in the bulk around the muon (they are electrically attracted to it), rather than being trapped by the +3 helium after creation. 4. The muon tends to stay near the boron rather than the helium, trapping the muon, and the boron (which becomes a muon molecule, making it easier for protons to approach electrically and facilitate nuclear fusion) fuses with the incoming protons, repeatedly, with the muon catalyzing the nuclear fusion reaction between the protons and boron. <0013> In this invention or device, in a proton-boron nuclear fusion reaction system (P-11B system), the boron that serves as the fusion fuel has a charge of 5 (+5), and the helium produced after fusion has a charge of 3 (+3), so we propose a system (Figure 1) in which muons and protons are irradiated onto a boron target to cause muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion. *This application is at the idea stage and has not been demonstrated, but we file this application on the assumption that in the P-11B system, the fuel has the +5 charge of boron, making it easier to capture and trap negatively charged muons than the +2 charge of the helium produced after fusion. *In the opposite system, the known hydrogen-D-T muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion system, negatively charged muons are more likely to be captured by helium.<0014> *The present invention and device use a proton-boron nuclear fusion system as an example. However, to avoid limiting the scope of the invention, we present the conditions of the present invention more generally. It may be sufficient for the charge of the substance produced when atomic nuclei fuse to be smaller than the charge of the atoms that serve as the fusion fuel. *For example, a system with the reaction formula shown in Figure 2 is conceivable. As shown in the example of Figure 2, a system using boron (B) or lithium (Li) may also be used. <0015> ●The boron and lithium of the present invention may be heated from room temperature and used as a liquid. For example, liquid lithium may be used. Existing muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion systems use cooled liquid hydrogen (melting point: minus 250 degrees Celsius). In contrast, liquid lithium has a melting point of around 180 degrees Celsius. Therefore, liquid lithium may have the advantage of being easier to liquefy than liquid hydrogen for use in the muon target. ●Boron also has a melting point of 2070 degrees Celsius and a boiling point of 4000 degrees Celsius, which are higher temperatures than lithium, but it can be used as liquid boron in the target where muons and protons are irradiated. In the target section, muon-catalyzed fusion is expected to occur using boron, which has a nuclear charge of +5, or lithium, which has a nuclear charge of +3, as the fusion fuel. After the muon-catalyzed fusion, helium alpha rays, which have a nuclear charge of +2, are generated and emitted from the system. (A system using boron and protons is shown in Figure 1, and a system using protons, neutrons, and lithium is shown in Figure 3.) <0016> The most significant feature of the present invention is the use of a muon-catalyzed fusion system in which the charge of the material (He in Figure 1, alpha rays) produced during the nuclei fusion is smaller than the charge of the fusion fuel atoms (B in Figure 1). <Effects of the Invention> <0017> The present invention is a fusion system that does not emit neutrons, as is the case with the P-11B system, and has the advantage of potentially reducing the amount of radioactive material produced during fusion. <Brief Description of the Drawings> <0018> <Figure 1> Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram of the muon-catalyzed fusion system 1F-SYS using boron and protons. <Figure 2> Figure 2 shows an example of a nuclear fusion reaction system in which, when atomic nuclei fuse, the charge of the nuclei of the material produced by nuclear fusion is smaller than the charge of the nuclei of the atoms that serve as the fusion fuel.(Figure 2 is an explanatory document, and not all of the examples shown in Figure 2 are used in the present invention, but they are shown as examples of reaction systems having the characteristics. For example, in Group A of Figure 2, reaction formulas for systems using protons and lithium, protons and boron-11, protons and nitrogen-15, protons and nitrogen-15, protons and oxygen-17 and oxygen-18, etc. are shown. Group B lists reaction formulas for lithium-6 and lithium-7 with protons, D, neutrons, and helium-3. Group C lists reaction formulas related to carbon. For carbon, an example of a carbon-carbon nuclear fusion reaction is also listed.) <Figure 3> Figure 3 is an explanatory diagram of the muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS using lithium and protons. (A) shows an example in which protons, neutrons, and deuterium are irradiated and introduced into lithium, and (B) shows an example in which lithium-deuteride-6, in which lithium-6 and deuterium are chemically bonded (ionically bonded), is used. <Figure 4> Figure 4 is a comparative explanatory diagram of the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion method using existing D and T and the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion method using protons and B or Li of the present invention. (The upper part of Figure 4 shows the method using D and T, while the lower part of Figure 4 shows the method using protons and B or Li of the present invention.) <Figure 5> Figure 5 shows a nuclear fusion reactor 1R and a nuclear fusion application thruster 1TH including the present 1F-SYS, and examples of their applications. *For example, the 1F-SYS may be mounted on a spaceship 3 or exploration robot 3 that propels and travels through the air, outer space, interplanetary space, or interstellar space. The spaceship 3 may generate muons, protons, and neutrons using an accelerator, collect and store nuclear fuel B or Li, and then perform the nuclear fusion reaction, releasing He alpha rays, etc., behind 3 to propel it. *3 is not limited to spaceships; it may also be various transportation equipment, aircraft, spacecraft, ships, submarines, vehicles, automobiles, robots, various industrial machinery, or space exploration robots. <Fig. 6> Fig. 6 is an explanatory diagram and conceptual diagram of the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS / 1EXP-SYS that uses diborane, boron hydride, alkane, and azan. (This is an explanatory diagram of a system in which the target T1 is diborane, alkane, and azan, excluding the part that is irradiated with protons in Fig. 1.) <Fig. 7> Fig. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS that uses a diborane and boron hydride part that is pressurized using the ramjet method. <Fig. 8> Fig. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the system 1F-SYS-MP1 that mixes and compresses boron hydride such as diborane with muonic hydrogen atoms in the compression part.<Fig. 9> Fig. 9 shows an example of the 1F-SYS system with a compression section and a heating section. (A laser irradiation system may also be included.) <Fig. 10> An explanatory diagram of a MERIT accelerator / MERIT ring in which a movable muon target for muon generation and a rotating muon target are inserted and rotated to move, and a particle beam is applied to the target to generate pions and muons. (The cross section of the rotating disk may be thin, or it may be wedge-shaped, with a thinner outer periphery.) <Fig. 11> An explanatory diagram of mechanical replacement of a disk-shaped movable muon target. <Fig. 12> An explanatory diagram of the case where one of the extraction ports is stopped, the movable muon target section is removed and moved from the accelerator, and the muon target section is replaced with another muon target. <Fig. 13> An explanatory diagram of a muon fusion / muon transmutation system and an apparatus that uses a movable muon target to simultaneously perform muon target replacement and particle collisions with the muon target to generate pions and muons. (Including the muon deceleration section) <Fig. 14> An explanatory diagram of a meson / muon production system in which the movable muon target includes hydrogen atoms, protons, or helium atoms. <Fig. 15> An explanatory diagram of a meson / muon production system that uses helium atoms (or hydrogen atoms / positively charged particles) moving through a circular accelerator as the muon target. <Fig. 16> An explanatory diagram of a nuclear fusion system, nuclear transmutation system, and atom production system using a meson production system. <Fig. 17> An explanatory diagram of one embodiment of the present application, in which cosmic muons or high-speed muons are decelerated and irradiated, injected, and bonded with atoms in the target section T1 to attempt nuclear transmutation or nuclear fusion. (A) An example in which high-speed cosmic muons are decelerated using a dome-shaped decelerator array covering the celestial sphere, space, and sky sides of the target T1, and then irradiated onto T1 to attempt nuclear transmutation. (B) An example in which a laser is directly irradiated onto the target T1 (raw material atoms / molecules), forming an electric field capable of decelerating the muons, thereby decelerating the muons and attempting muon nuclear fusion or muon nuclear transmutation of T1. <Fig. 18> An explanatory diagram of an example in which a pulsed laser is directly irradiated onto a target T1 of raw material atoms or molecules, forming an electric field capable of decelerating the muons, decelerating the muons, and binding the muons to atoms in T1 to attempt muon nuclear fusion or muon nuclear transmutation. <Fig. 19> An explanatory diagram of a configuration in which an element that forms an electric field is used as a muon decelerator. (A) An explanatory diagram when decelerating muons using an element that forms an electric field. (A) is a configuration in which muons that have entered the target T1 may rotate due to a magnetic field B and move within the atoms in the target.(B) An explanatory diagram of forming a deceleration electric field using a pyroelectric body or an array of pyroelectric bodies, and slowing down muons using the electric field. (B) A configuration in which the temperature of the end of a pyroelectric body is changed to generate an electric field in the pyroelectric body, and this electric field is used as a means for slowing down muons. <Fig. 20> An explanatory diagram of an element that forms an electric field. (A) When a capacitor element using electrodes and an insulator / dielectric is used. (B1) When an electric double layer capacitor type element is used. (B2) An explanatory diagram of an element including an electric double layer portion. <Fig. 21> An explanatory diagram of a transportation device / structure 3 equipped with a part that generates mesons / muons from cosmic rays. <Fig. 22> An explanatory diagram of an assumed nuclear transmutation / nuclear fusion system that uses muons, taking into account muon nuclear capture reactions. (A) A muon binds to carbon-12 in a carbon material, undergoes a muon nuclear capture reaction, and is converted into a boron-12 nucleus (12B*) with an excitation energy of 10-20 MeV. The excitation energy is then transferred from 12B* to an adjacent carbon-12 nucleus, resulting in excited carbon-12 (12C*), which is then converted into helium. The excitation energy is then transferred to the adjacent carbon-12, and this process is repeated. (B1) A diagram illustrating the case where a muon binds to a nitrogen-15-containing azan, undergoes a muon nuclear capture reaction, and is converted into carbon-15, followed by the generation of nitrogen-15 after the half-life of carbon-15 has elapsed. (B2) A diagram illustrating the muon nuclear fusion of nitrogen-15. (In B1, nitrogen-15 can be converted to carbon-15, but the effective nuclear charge / Z of carbon-15 is lower than that of nitrogen-15, so it is assumed that the fusion reaction will continue.) <Fig. 23> An explanatory diagram of an assumed nuclear transmutation / fusion system using muons, taking into account the muon nuclear capture reaction when muons are irradiated into ammonia containing nitrogen-15. <Fig. 24> An explanatory diagram of an assumed nuclear transmutation / fusion system using muons, taking into account the muon nuclear capture reaction when muons are irradiated into boron hydride containing boron-11 (a system of boron hydride anions and lithium cations). <Fig. 25> An explanatory diagram of the neutrino communication system 1NUT-COM and muon communication system 1MU-COM. <Fig. 26> An explanatory diagram of the neutrino communication system 1NUT-COM, which has a section 2MS-NUT-GRAV that separates neutrinos of different masses.<Fig. 27> An explanatory diagram of a configuration in which muons M1 are irradiated onto a target T1 in a vessel 4D-MUCF or 4T-MUCF equipped with a coil 2COIL, and the target T1 is confined and moved by a magnetic field. <Fig. 28> Figure 1 in the upper left of Figure 28 is an explanatory diagram of System 1 using a vacuum pump 4RFP that uses a deep eutectic solvent or the like as the working liquid. (An example in which a Sprengel pump type is used as pump 1.) Figure 2 in the upper right of Figure 28 is an explanatory diagram of System 1. (An explanatory diagram of System 1 using a food pump as pump 2. Here, the pump type may be a liquid ring pump, a rotary pump, or other pump using a working liquid.) Figure 3 in the lower left of Figure 28 is a comparison diagram of a vacuum evacuation system including a low vacuum pump RP and a high vacuum pump FP with the vacuum pump 4RFP and System 1 of the present invention, and is an explanatory diagram of the combination. Figure 4 in the lower right of Figure 28 is an explanatory diagram of a general liquid ring pump and rotary pump. (For example, NADES or ionic liquid IL is used for the working liquid, liquid seal, liquid seal ring, and seal part) <Fig. 29> Fig. 29 is an explanatory diagram of one of the coils of the annular vacuum vessel 4D. (Annular vacuum vessel: doughnut, annular vacuum chamber, plasma vessel 4D, 4D-T, 4D-ST, 4D-H. Coil 4C-EDL) <Fig. 30> Fig. 30 is an explanatory diagram of the annular vacuum vessel. (Means for rotating the annular vacuum vessel 4ROT may be provided.) <Fig. 31> Fig. 31 is an explanatory diagram of a vacuum vessel using a motor and bearings as the rotation means 4ROT (4ROT is a motor / rocket motor) <Fig. 32> Fig. 32 is an explanatory diagram of a vacuum vessel equipped with a propulsion device (propulsion device 4ROT-TH) <Fig. 33> Fig. 33(A) is an explanatory diagram of a cylindrical tubular vacuum vessel (4T, 4T-IN) rotating in the circumferential direction / theta direction of the cylinder (an example of rotating a cylindrical tubular vacuum vessel used for magnetic mirror type, field-reversed configuration type, etc.), (B) is an explanatory diagram of a cylindrical vessel 4T / 4T-MUCF. <Fig. 34> Assumed example of muon nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation with deuterated carbon-12, a compound of deuterium and carbon-12. (A) Assumed example of muon nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation of methane CD4, which consists of carbon-12 and deuterium D. (B) An assumed example of muonic nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation of deuterated carbon, a polymer / resin made by combining deuterium and carbon-12. Specific example: An assumed example of muonic nuclear fusion within a deuterium carbon molecule (C2D4)n. <Figure 35> An explanatory diagram of an assumed example of muonic nuclear fusion of H and F atoms within polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) resin.(In some forms, the PVDF section may serve as both the target section T1 and the muon decelerator 2MUDECE.) <Fig. 36> An explanatory diagram of an assumed example of a muon fusion system in which the target section T1 and decelerator 2MUDECE are arranged within coil 2COIL, and muons may be confined in T1 within the magnetic vessel / magnetic field cage 2MAGC within the coil. (Here, T1 and decelerator 2MUDECE may be a capacitor element 2FDELE-PVDF using PVDF and a decelerator / element 2FDELE-PVDF using two electrodes, which may contain atoms for the T1 section (hydrogen and fluorine-19) for muon fusion. Also, coil 2COIL and magnetic field cage 2MAGC may be a helical coil 2COIL-Helical or a helical magnetic field cage 2MAGC-Helical.) <Fig. 37> An explanatory diagram of a system including a control section, power supply, auxiliary equipment, etc. when driving the device of Fig. 36. (Voltage may be applied to the capacitor elements 2FDELE-PVDF and 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF from the power supply 2PWSP.) <Figure 38> Negative muon decelerator / positive muon accelerator using capacitor elements. [Voltage may be applied to the capacitor elements 2FDELE-PVDF and 2FDELE-LAM-PVDF from the power supply 2PWSP. An explanatory diagram of a configuration capable of decelerating negative muons and accelerating positive muons (capable of separating positive and negative muons). In the diagram, PVDF is used as an example for the insulator / dielectric portion, but other insulators such as diamond can also be used.] <Figure 39> Example of arrangement of decelerator / capacitor element and T1. <Figure 40> An explanatory diagram of a device used as a capacitor element / muon decelerator / muon accelerator, in which electrodes are attached to the six faces of an insulator / dielectric cube to decelerate the velocity components in the three-dimensional XYZ directions. <Figure 41> An explanatory diagram showing the use of a muon fusion system to explode and inject propellant into the threatening meteorite MTO, thereby changing the meteorite's trajectory, attitude, and movement. A 4T-MUCF vessel loaded with muon fusion fuel T1 is placed on the threatening meteorite MTO (using meteorite exploration robots 5 and 5WKR), and muons or neutrinos or particles are irradiated (from the 1NUT-TX installation location) onto the muon generator and muon decelerator installed inside the vessel, causing muon fusion ignition of T1 in the 4T-MUCF vessel from a remote location (the installation location), causing it to blast and explode, and the resulting explosive force intended to explode or intercept the MTO, or to change the meteorite's trajectory, direction, or attitude.<Figure 42> Diagram of an attempt to split and fragment the MTO meteorite from within the meteorite using a muon fusion system using T1 loaded into a hole drilled inside the meteorite. A borehole (5T-HOLE) is drilled into the threatening MTO meteorite, T1 is loaded into the hole and sealed, a container (4T-MUCF) loaded with muon fusion fuel T1 is placed (using meteorite exploration robots 5 and 5WKR), the T1 is ignited by muon fusion and detonated, causing a muon fusion explosion from within the MTO, detonating and detonating the MTO, and splitting and decomposing the MTO using the explosive force. <Figure 43> Diagram of an attempt to remotely explode the T1 in a hole inside an iron meteorite, where radio waves are difficult to reach, by irradiating a single T1 point from multiple irradiation points, generating muons through charged current reactions, etc. <Figure 44> Explanatory diagram of the 5REMV-HEAD, a metal / material heating, evaporation, removal, and ablation device with a nuclear fusion section and alpha ray irradiation section. <Figure 45> Explanatory diagram of fuel T1 injection into an iron meteorite using a centrifugal gun, blast ball 3LOAD injection and drilling, and T1 ignition. <Figure 46> Explanatory diagram of the centrifuge gun structure 2LPST. <Figure 47> Explanatory diagram of the detonation and destruction of a muon fusion system with a neutrino-muon conversion section (atoms, neutrons, and particles for conversion). <Figure 48> Explanatory diagram of the submarine 3SUBM, which includes a muon fusion reactor and muon / neutrino transmitters and receivers. <Figure 49> Explanatory diagram of a muography system for obtaining muography and CT of celestial bodies, satellites, and meteorites MTO. (Explanatory diagram of a CT system using muons or neutrinos. Explains that the transmitters and receivers for muons, etc. may be mounted on a spaceship / spacecraft 3 to obtain transmission images of large meteorites and celestial bodies. The 3 may communicate with each other via a wireless communications network 1 NETWORK.) <Fig. 50> Explanatory diagram of a muography system for obtaining muography / CT of the human body / object. <Fig. 51> Explanatory diagram of an aircraft / spacecraft 3 including a muon fusion reactor and muon / neutrino transmitters and receivers. <Fig. 52> Explanatory diagram / hypothetical diagram of when the energy of charged alpha rays, particles and photons with kinetic energy generated in a muon fusion reactor is extracted as electricity or power and used in the propulsion device of transportation equipment 3. <Fig. 53> Explanatory diagram of an example of when the energy of charged alpha rays, particles and photons with kinetic energy generated in a muon fusion reactor is used in a rocket propulsion device.The upper part of the figure shows an example of a solid rocket. The lower part shows an example of a solid-type self-eating rocket. <Figure 54> An explanatory diagram of a device including a pressurizing section for the fuel T1 of a reciprocating engine type. <Figure 55> An explanatory diagram of a lepton collider-type muon generator. (Or an explanatory diagram of a particle collision-type muon generator. A particle accelerator using a laser or LWF for lepton acceleration may also be used.) <Form for Carrying Out the Invention> <0019> Figure 1 is 1. Focusing on the trapping problem of muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion, we devised a muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion system using boron, as shown in M1, T1, and B1 in Figure 1. Figure 5 shows the actual use of Figure 1, such as a spacecraft or exploration robot 3 for interplanetary or interstellar travel where sunlight does not reach. <1> <0020> Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram of the device / system of the present invention, which uses boron for the fuel F1 and target T1. *This system uses muons and protons, so accelerators and other equipment may be required. A vacuum is required to operate the accelerator. If an accelerator is placed in outer space, the vacuum of outer space may be used. <2> <0021> Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram of the device / system of the present invention, which uses lithium for the fuel F1 and target T1. Lithium has a lower melting point than boron. <Industrial Applicability> <0022> Although resources such as boron and lithium must be secured, it may be possible to create a power source through nuclear fusion. Since the present invention uses an accelerator requiring a vacuum and generates alpha rays, which are expected to have a high ejection speed, it may be possible to use it in the propulsion device of a spacecraft traveling through the vacuum of outer space, as shown in Figure 5. <Explanation of Symbols> <0023> <Figures 1 and 3> 1F-SYS: An explanatory diagram of a muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion system utilizing a nuclear fusion reaction using boron and protons. M1: Muon generation means, a means for injecting and irradiating muons into the fusion fuel target T1. Example: A system using a particle accelerator capable of generating muons. P1: Proton generation means, a means for injecting and irradiating protons into the fusion fuel target T1. Example: A particle accelerator that can accelerate protons and inject / irradiate them into a target. An element of fusion fuel in a boron-proton fusion reaction system. N1: A means of generating neutrons, a means of injecting neutrons into the fusion fuel target T1 and irradiating it. Example: A particle accelerator that can accelerate neutrons and inject / irradiate them into a target. A1: Particle accelerator A1. T1: A target part that includes fusion fuel. Fusion fuel T1, F1.B1: The portion of T1 that uses boron. Boron target. The boron may be molten. L1: The portion of T1 that uses lithium. Lithium target. The lithium may be molten liquid lithium. EX1: The product of nuclear fusion EX1. In Figures 1 and 3, this is helium He and alpha rays produced after nuclear fusion. <Figure 5> 3: Transport equipment 1R: 1F-SYS, which is a nuclear fusion reactor. A nuclear fusion reactor including 1F-SYS. It may be equipped with a power generation unit that converts the energy of alpha rays into electrical energy. 1GENR: Power generation unit (a unit that converts energy obtained by the nuclear fusion system 1F-SYS and nuclear transmutation system 1EXP-SYS into electrical power) *Although not explicitly stated in Figure 5, the electrical power derived from nuclear fusion generated by 1EXP-SYS, 1F-SYS, and 1R may be supplied to the muon generation unit M1 or the proton generation unit P1 to generate muons and protons. The power may be used to drive the system of the present invention or each part of the system. 1TH: A nuclear fusion-based propulsion device or thrust generating device including 1F-SYS. Propulsion means. Transportation means. (If 3 is a spacecraft, 1TH may be a particle beam emitter for alpha rays, gamma rays, photons, particles, etc. If 3 is an aircraft, 1TH may be a propellant ejection unit that uses the power obtained from 1GEN to take in propellant and air, heat and compress it, and eject it behind 3, or an electrically powered propeller unit. If 3 is a ship, 1TH may be a unit that can rotate the propeller or generate a water current using the power obtained from 1GEN. If 3 is a robot with an arm or a vehicle that moves on land, 1TH may be a wheel, tire, motor, or robot motor / arm unit that can be driven by the power obtained from 1GEN.) 1TH-NZ: A nozzle unit of 1TH. A nozzle unit that emits alpha rays when the product EX1 after nuclear fusion is energetic helium or alpha rays. It may also be a thrust deflection device or nozzle. The alpha rays may be irradiated onto the propellant, causing it to heat and be ejected. *Apart from 1TH-NZ, the power generated by 1R may be used to operate an ion thruster or a propulsion device that uses the recoil of a photon laser to propel the propellant. <Figure 6> System using diborane B2H6 BH1: A substance containing boron, B1 being boron hydride, diborane, or borane. T1 and F1 are diborane. Diborane target. Diborane and BH1 may be gas, liquid, fluid, or (solid).(The configuration shown in Figure 7, which uses a fluid, is also possible.) The system shown in Figure 6 uses diborane containing hydrogen and protons, eliminating the need for the proton introduction section P1 shown in Figure 1 and elsewhere. <Figure 7> 1F-SYS-RAM: Nuclear fusion system. (An assumed diagram of a system using the diborane of the present invention applied to a system in which a fusion fuel fluid having a known ramjet section circulates in a closed-loop system.) RAM: Ram pressure generator section used for compression in the ramjet system. PBH1: Compressed BH1 section. Muon target section with compressed diborane fluid section. FP: Nuclear fusion reaction section, muon irradiation section. FEEDC: Section that removes helium from the diborane fluid circulating within the system, removes excess material, and adds necessary material, diborane as fuel. Feed control section. Fuel supply system, fuel control system. Helium (He) removal unit, diborane fuel supply unit, etc. HX: Heat exchanger ENEX: Although not shown in the diagram, this is a power generation unit, a device that generates electricity using alpha rays and fusion energy. It may be included within the system. PUMP: Compressor, pump. Pressurizes, compresses, and circulates the fluid within the system. Driven by a motor or other device. (Driven by power from the power generation unit) M1: Muon generation unit, muon irradiation unit. (Driven by power from the power generation unit) EX1: Helium generated after fusion (which needs to be removed). <0024> <Other> This application uses a system in which the positive charge of the nuclei of nuclear fuel material (e.g., B, Li) is greater than that of the fusion products (e.g., He) to keep negatively charged muons in the nuclei of the nuclear fuel material atoms. The intention is for muons to be more stable in terms of Coulomb force, charge, electric field, and electricity if they are located in the fusion fuel than in the fusion products. *For example, if a boron system contains an impurity with an atomic number Z greater than that of boron, then according to the concept of the present application, the impurity with a Z greater than that of boron may trap the muon and stop the reaction. (For example, considering sodium borohydride NaBH4, which is used as a raw material for diborane, sodium has a Z greater than boron, and according to the concept of the present application, the muon should be trapped by Na in NaBH4.) <0025> Although the invention and embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. <0026> <<Addendum based on the application claiming priority>> The following items were added to the prior application, Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-150635. <0027> While protons are irradiated onto boron in FIG. 1, as shown in FIG. 6, borane, diborane B2H6, or boron hydride, in which boron is pre-bonded with protons and hydrogen atoms, may be used for the target portion T1. For example, liquefied diborane may be used for the fusion fuel F1 or target T1. The system shown in FIG. 6 uses diborane containing hydrogen and protons, which may advantageously eliminate the need for the proton introduction portion P1 shown in FIG. 1, etc. <0028> FIG. 7 illustrates a system 1F-SYS-RAM in which diborane is pressurized, compressed, and circulated to irradiate it with muons and induce nuclear fusion. (FIG. 7 is one embodiment of FIG. 6.) FIG. 7 is a hypothetical diagram of a system using diborane of the present invention applied to a system in which a known fusion fuel fluid having a ramjet section circulates in a closed-loop system. <0029> The diborane in the 1F-SYS-RAM system of FIG. 7 is pressurized and compressed by compressor PUMP and circulated. The pressurized fluid diborane is further compressed by compressor section RAM to form a compressed BH1 section (PBH1 section). Muons are irradiated onto PBH1 from muon irradiation section M1, promoting nuclear fusion. (Because diborane is compressed, its density increases, making it more likely to come into contact with, be in close proximity to, and touch muons, which is expected to facilitate the catalytic nuclear fusion reaction.) <0030> The 1F-SYS-RAM system of FIG. 7 has the advantage that protons and boron can be supplied to the system together as diborane, a hydrogen-boron bond. Not only is there no need for a proton introduction section P1, but it is also possible to add fuel to the system and remove He from the system (degassing). (The feed control section FEEDC is used, including the helium He removal section and diborane fuel supply section.) <0031> Also, considering the ease with which impurities with larger atomic numbers than boron are mixed in, diborane, a gas that can be purified, may be better than solid boron. (Solid boron needs to be produced, purified, and refined as a solid crystal.)) As mentioned in paragraph 0024 of this application using sodium borohydride NaBH4 as an example, this application is considered to disfavor the presence of atoms, post-fusion products EX1, or impurities in the fuel with atomic numbers greater than that of the fusion fuel. <0032> Furthermore, the systems in Figures 1, 3, 6, 7, etc. of this application do not assume the presence of atoms, post-fusion products EX1, or impurities with atomic numbers greater than that of the fusion fuel in the direction of the muons. For example, it is assumed that atmospheric molecular atoms (e.g., nitrogen N or oxygen O) with atomic numbers greater than that of boron B do not exist. If nitrogen N exists, it may be trapped. The configuration of this application may need to take care to avoid atoms with atomic numbers greater than that of the boron fuel (or other candidate elements or atoms, such as lithium). <0033> <Document Title> <1> A muon-catalyzed fusion system using a fusion reaction system characterized by the nuclear charge of atoms or particles produced by the fusion reaction being smaller than the nuclear charge of atoms of the nuclear fuel material. <2> The muon-catalyzed fusion system according to 1, wherein the fusion fuel contains boron or lithium, and the atoms or particles produced by the fusion reaction are helium alpha rays. <3> The muon-catalyzed fusion system according to 2, wherein the fuel is in a liquid or fluid state. <4> The muon-catalyzed fusion system according to 1, wherein the fusion fuel is boron or boron hydride, and the atoms or particles produced by the fusion reaction are helium alpha rays. <Document Title> Document <> <Problem> In known muon-catalyzed fusion, there is a problem in which muons attach to, capture, or are trapped by helium, a product of fusion, rather than by the fusion fuel material such as hydrogen, deuterium (D), or tritium (T), causing catalytic fusion to cease. We wish to solve the problem of muons being captured by the product of fusion rather than by the fusion fuel material, making it difficult for the muon-catalyzed fusion reaction to proceed. We also wish to devise a system that is less likely to generate neutrons. <Solution> A nuclear fusion reaction system is used in which, when atomic nuclei fuse in muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion, the charge of the nuclei of the material produced by nuclear fusion is smaller than the charge of the nuclei of the atoms that serve as the nuclear fusion fuel.Specifically, we propose a muon-catalyzed fusion system that uses diborane, which contains protons and boron or protons as hydrogen molecules with boron, as the fusion fuel. <0034> <<Addendum based on the application claiming priority>> The following items have been added to the previous applications, Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2023-150635 and 2023-151787. <0035> <Figure 8: Case in which P1 and M1 in Figure 5 are combined and mixed as muonic hydrogen and introduced into the target section on the same ray / line> In this application, as shown in Figure 5, protons P1 and muons M1 can be combined and mixed on the same ray / line and irradiated onto the target section T1. As shown in Figure 5, using a particle accelerator A1, fuel protons P1 and catalytic muons M1 can be combined and mixed on the same ray / line and irradiated onto the target section T1 containing boron. 5, the present application uses a particle accelerator A1 or a neutral beam injector NBI to irradiate and inject electrically neutral muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 (and possibly electrically neutral muonic hydrogen molecules MP12 consisting of two muonic hydrogen atoms) formed by the combination of fuel protons P1 and catalytic muons M1 (muons M1) onto boron hydride in a target section T1. (Alternatively, MP1 or MP12 can be mixed with boron hydride and blown into the target section for compression.) Then, while the muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 are being irradiated and injected into the pressurized boron hydride in the target section T1, the muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 and boron hydride are pressurized along the injection path or in the vicinity of the target section T1 (and MP1 and boron hydride, or MP12 and boron hydride, can also be mixed by pressure within the gas fluid), forming a mixture MP1-XBH of muonic hydrogen atoms and boron hydride. The mixture of muonic hydrogen atoms and boron hydride MP1-XBH is pressurized and transported to the RAM section (RAM), where it is further pressurized and compressed to become the compressed mixture PMP1-XMB. The mixture of muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 and MP12 and boron hydride MP1-XBH (compressed mixture PMP1-XMB) compressed in the RAM section increases the temperature during the muon-catalyzed reaction and the density per volume of muons, protons, and boron, which leads to the promotion of the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion reaction.Furthermore, the mixture MP1-XMB can be pressurized and compressed to a high temperature using a ram section in a ramjet system, and the mixture MP1-XBH of muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 and MP12 and boron hydride can increase the temperature during the muon-catalyzed reaction and the density per volume of muons, protons, and boron, as well as the muon-catalyzed reaction under high-temperature conditions with active molecular and particle movement. In this application, muonic hydrogen atoms are used to increase the temperature during the muon-catalyzed reaction, the density per volume of muons, protons, and boron, and the thermal movement of muons, protons, and boron, thereby promoting the muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion reaction. <0037> When a single muon (muon beam) is irradiated onto a boron surface, a lithium surface, or the surface of a boron hydride gas or fluid, the muons become negatively charged and repel each other, potentially making it impossible to concentrate or compress them into a single point. Therefore, as shown in Figure 8 of the present application, muons are combined with protons of proton-boron fuel to convert their charge into neutrons, thereby compressing the muons and proton-boron fuel into a single location at a high density, bringing more muons and fuel closer together and promoting muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion. *Due to the issue of muons' negative charge, muons repel each other electrically, making it difficult to compress them into a single location. However, by combining muons with protons and hydrogen nuclei (which are also fuel in boron-proton nuclear fusion) and electrically neutralizing them as muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 (or MP12), the muons can be compressed without the electrical repulsion. <0038> Lithium hydride has a high melting point and typically exists as a solid or liquid. Lithium hydride is more difficult to convert to a gas than boron hydride. As mentioned above, lithium hydride and solid boron are solids at room temperature and pressure, making them more difficult to mix than boron hydride, which is a gas at room temperature and pressure. It may also be difficult to compress them by pumping them into the ram section. On the other hand, MP1 and MP12, which are believed to be gases, can be mixed with gaseous boron hydride using pressure or other means, and then pressurized and pumped toward the ram section, where they can be further compressed and adiabatically heated. While the known D-T reaction requires a maximum of two muons, lithium and protons require four, and boron requires six muons. This may require compressing and confining the muons, protons, and boron within a limited space.Compared to the known D-T reaction system, the p-11B reaction system studied here may require mixing muons and fusion fuel, confining them in one place, and increasing their density to allow them to react with the fusion fuel. Therefore, this application attempts to induce muon-catalyzed fusion (or muon-assisted fusion) by mixing, compressing, and confining them in one place at high density using the electrically neutral muonic hydrogen atom MP1 and boron hydride. <0040> <Muon-catalyzed fusion in flight> Muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 have a smaller Bohr radius and a lower Coulomb barrier (or are easier to tunnel quantum mechanically) than ordinary hydrogen atoms consisting of protons and electrons, and are therefore expected to fly toward other atoms and more easily undergo fusion (muon-catalyzed fusion in flight) upon collision or close proximity with other atoms. Muonic hydrogen atoms collide with boron at high speed and subsequently generate energetic alpha rays, which heat the boron hydride. The boron hydride then transfers thermal energy to an external steam generator or the like as it passes through a heat exchanger HX. The thermal and kinetic energy are then transferred from the steam generator, which supplies water, to a turbine generator 1PP, which then rotates and operates the steam turbine generator 1PP, generating electricity. In FIG. 8 , muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 or a mixture MP1-XMB of MP1 and boron travel from a source MP1 of the neutral particle beam injector NBI / particle accelerator A1 through a path S1 filled with boron hydride (e.g., B2H6), through a nozzle NZ, and toward a target T1 / RAM RAM. During this process, the muonic hydrogen atoms MP1 may react with the boron hydride on the path S1. *When MP1 is incident on the surface of solid boron, molten boron, or solid or liquid lithium hydride, it is expected that a nuclear fusion reaction will occur on that surface, generating energy. As an example of this application, it may be possible to promote muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion when solid or liquid boron or lithium hydride is used as the target T1. (However, it may not be possible to promote nuclear fusion by compressing a mixture, fluid, or gas MP1-XMB of MP1 / MP12 and boron hydride, as shown in Figure 8 and above, to a high density and high temperature.)) <0042> Symbols etc. <Figure 8> 1F-SYS-MP1, 1F-SYS-MP1-RAM: Nuclear fusion system using a mixture of muonic hydrogen atoms and fuel Muonic hydrogen atoms MP1: AMP1: Muonic hydrogen atom generation and irradiation unit (particle accelerator A1, neutral particle beam irradiation device NBI, etc., which can generate MP1 and MP12 and inject / inject them.) S1: Path S1 (including a mixture of MP1 and boron hydride) MP1-XMB: A mixture of MP1 and boron hydride / diborane. Or a mixture of hydrogen and boron / (carbon / ) nitrogen / oxygen / fluorine, etc. Or a portion / mixture portion containing a compound in which the raw atomic nuclei with the first atomic number ZA and the raw atomic nuclei with the second atomic number ZAA required for nuclear fusion are chemically bonded. PMP1-XMB: Mixture MP1-XMB compressed (and / or heated) by a compression means such as RAM, or mixture MP1-XMB compressed (and / or heated) by a compression means such as RAM. RAM: Compression means such as a RAM unit. Inertial confinement fusion is known, in which a fusion fuel pellet is irradiated and confined by laser irradiation (if the RAM unit is laser confinement or inertial confinement type, the wavelength of the laser light may be blue, ultraviolet, X-ray, or short wavelength on the gamma ray side to maximize the photon momentum). In this application, the target portion and mixture may also be compressed by a laser in the compression RAM unit. (A muon injection process may be added to laser confinement inertial confinement fusion.) The RAM unit may irradiate a laser, ion beam, or ion beam containing raw material atoms from multiple launchers so that they converge on the portion containing the raw material atoms (Figure 9). (Inertial types such as Z-pinch and magnetized target types may also be used, capable of compressing raw material atoms and trapping them by inertia.)) In the RAM section, using a laser or ramjet mechanism, the raw material atoms that serve as the fuel necessary for nuclear fusion, or the compound or mixture in which the raw material atoms are chemically bonded together, are compressed and heated by a laser or other device while being irradiated with muons. This increases the molecular and atomic movement within the compound molecules or of the compound or mixture, and as a result, the particles that are bonded to the muons are more likely to approach each other due to thermal motion, with the intention of making it easier to cause nuclear fusion by proximity, muon nuclear fusion, or muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion. It is also intended that after nuclear fusion, the muons that act as catalysts are released and then brought into close proximity to the next raw material atoms, then captured, and this is repeated, making it easier to cause the next catalytic reaction. (Even if muons are irradiated onto cryogenically cooled liquid hydrogen, DT, DD, or TT, the temperature is low and there is a risk that the effect of bringing the raw material atoms closer together due to thermal motion will be small. However, if muons, muonic atoms, or muonic hydrogen are introduced into a part that has been compressed and heated by a laser or ramjet, a proximity effect due to compression or thermal motion can be expected.) NZ: Nozzle section 1 PP: Steam turbine generator HX: Heat exchanger, steam generation section, steam pipe, cooling pipe 1 BKT: A section / blanket may be present that receives flying particles that have energy due to nuclear fusion reactions, such as neutrons and gamma rays, and converts them into thermal energy, etc., for use. If there is a RAM or reaction vessel section, a vessel section RAM where the FEED is packed and rammed, or a wall of the reaction vessel near the section where the nuclear reaction occurs, a blanket 1 BKT may be placed in the RAM section or within the vessel wall. AEC: Alpha ray energy conversion device (a device that receives alpha rays and converts them into electricity. The AEC may use alpha rays from titanium oxide or other materials to generate radicals, which decompose water (like in a photocatalytic reaction) to obtain hydrogen and oxygen, and then provide or output energy to the outside of the system in the form of hydrogen / chemical energy. *The AEC may be an alpha-voltaic cell. *The AEC part may receive the energy of alpha rays and generate photons of synchrotron radiation (of bremsstrahlung). The energy of the photons of this radiation may be used to cause chemical substances to undergo chemical or photochemical reactions. The photons may be irradiated onto the area to be heated to manufacture substances, or to heat or spray propellants or steam.The wavelength of the photons of the radiation light may be converted to long-wavelength photons using a means for converting the wavelength to long-wavelength photons, and the long-wavelength photons may be received by a photoelectric conversion element and photoelectrically converted to obtain electricity, which may be output to the outside of the system. Alternatively, if the long-wavelength photons have energy that can undergo a photocatalytic reaction with a photocatalyst, they may be converted into hydrogen energy by causing a photocatalytic reaction that produces hydrogen and oxygen from water. If the long-wavelength photons have a wavelength that can dissociate the bonds within carbon dioxide and nitrogen molecules and cause a photochemical reaction, the carbon dioxide may be dissociated and converted into energy for chemical substances such as carbon, carbon compounds, and nitrogen compounds, which may be output to the outside of the system. <0043> <1> A muon catalyzed fusion system in which the fusion fuel contains protons (P1) and boron (B1), and the atoms / particles generated after the fusion fuel is fused using muons through a muon catalyzed fusion reaction or a muon-based fusion reaction are helium-alpha rays, and the fusion fuel uses boron hydride, and the muon catalyzed fusion system has the characteristic of injecting and injecting muonic hydrogen atoms, which are electrically neutralized by the binding of muons (M1) and protons (P1), into the boron hydride to form a mixture of muonic hydrogen atoms and boron hydride (MP1-XMB), and the muon catalyzed fusion system has the characteristic of injecting and injecting muonic hydrogen atoms into the boron hydride to form a mixture of muonic hydrogen atoms and boron hydride (MP1-XMB), and A muon catalyzed fusion system characterized by using a muonic hydrogen atom injection (NBI) to inject / inject muonic hydrogen atoms into the boron hydride, wherein the mixture (MP1-XMB) is pressurized by a first pressurizing means (PUMP), and the mixture (MP1-XMB) is mixed by the first pressurizing means (PUMP), and the mixture (MP1-XMB) is compressed by a second pressurizing means (PUMP) to a pressure higher than the pressure applied by the first pressurizing means (becoming a compressed mixture PMP1-XMB) and heated (Figure 8, 1SYS-MP1). <2> The muon catalyzed fusion system according to 1, characterized by the second pressurizing means being performed in a compression section using a ram section (RAM) of a ramjet (Figure 8, 1SYS-MP1-RAM).<0044> <<Addendum based on the application claiming priority>> The following item has been added to the previous applications, Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2023-150635, 2023-151787, and 2023-174791. <<<Examples of Systems with Decreasing Atomic Number Z>>> In addition to systems using boron-11, this application also discloses systems using nitrogen-15. (At the time of filing, it is necessary to confirm whether nuclear fusion using boron-11 or nitrogen-15 can occur using muons. The system may be a nuclear fusion system, or an experimental system related to atomic nuclei in physics.) The following examples of boron-11 and nitrogen-15 are one example of the invention that this invention aims to express. As shown in Group A in Figure 2 of this application, elements with atomic numbers Z ranging from 3 (lithium) to 9 (fluorine) are considered. <<Boron-11 System>> A known nuclear fusion reaction involves the nuclear fusion of protons and boron-11, producing three helium-4 atoms (alpha rays) and energy. (p + 11B -> 3 x 4He + 8.7 MeV) Molecules in which boron atoms and hydrogen atoms are chemically bonded can be used as the source material or fusion fuel prior to the fusion reaction. For example, boron hydride, borane, or diborane can be used. When using boron hydride, a compound of hydrogen and boron-11, the atoms are bonded intramolecularly, allowing the atoms to be brought close to each other in advance. When boron and protons are brought close to each other and irradiated with muons, boron is a solid (liquid even when heated to high temperatures). Therefore, even if hydrogen source material is blown into boron, the hydrogen will come into contact with the solid boron surface, making it possible for muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion to occur on the surface of the solid boron. Therefore, in this application, a bulk fluid, gas, or liquid of boron hydride is used as the source material, in which protons and boron-15, which are the raw materials for the nuclear fusion reaction, are brought close together in advance by chemical or covalent bonds, so that the first raw material atom (proton) and the second raw material molecule (boron-11, the same applies to the case of nitrogen-15 described below) involved in the nuclear fusion reaction can be arranged in an arrangement that makes them easy to come close to each other, or the two raw material atoms can be arranged in a mixed state and in close proximity in advance, and therefore boron hydride B2H6, nitrogen hydride NH3, etc. are preferably used. Muons or muonic hydrogen may also be irradiated and introduced.<0045> <<Systems Using Nitrogen-15>> Nuclear fusion reactions are known in which protons and nitrogen-15 are fused to produce carbon-12, helium-4 (alpha rays), and energy. (In nature, the CNO cycle reaction in stars is known to produce carbon-12 and helium-4 from nitrogen-15 and protons.) (p + 15N -> 12C + 4He + 5.0 MeV). In this application, hydrogen molecules and nitrogen-15 molecules consisting only of nitrogen-15 are mixed to form a liquid mixture, a gaseous mixture, or a fluid mixture. This mixture may be used to induce nuclear fusion using the muon, and may be used in a nuclear fusion system. Furthermore, as with the boron hydride example, molecules in which nitrogen and hydrogen atoms are chemically bonded, such as ammonia NH3, may be used as a source material or fusion fuel prior to the nuclear fusion reaction. For example, hydrogen nitride, azan, or ammonia NH3 may be used. (Azanes and diazanes may also be used.) Muons or muonic hydrogen may also be irradiated and introduced. <Use of Azanes, Ammonia Molecules, and Fluid / Gaseous Ammonia> For example, muons can be irradiated onto ammonia-15NH3, which is composed of nitrogen-15 and hydrogen, to cause the muons to bond with and replace the electrons of the nitrogen-15 and hydrogen atoms within the ammonia-15NH3 molecule, shortening the radius of the atoms and bringing the nuclei of the nitrogen-15 and hydrogen atoms closer together, encouraging nuclear fusion between the two nuclei, thereby initiating a nuclear fusion reaction. (Muons can also be used in gaseous, liquid, or fluid ammonia molecules containing 15N and P to produce 12C and 4He from p+15N.) <0046> <Use of Organic Compounds and Molecules Containing Nitrogen-15> For example, there is the organic compound CHN15, which is composed of carbon, nitrogen-15, and hydrogen. This compound can be a compound CHN15 in which the nitrogen-15 and hydrogen are bonded together. Alternatively, the compound CHN15 can have a molecular structure characterized by the proximity of the nitrogen-15 and hydrogen atoms of the fusion fuel / feedstock atoms within the compound CHN15 molecule. When the organic compound CHN15 is irradiated with muons and the muons bring nitrogen-15 and hydrogen in CHN15 into close proximity, nuclear fusion occurs, producing carbon-12 within the compound. However, the muons bind to other nitrogen-15 present around the carbon-12 within the bulk of the compound, allowing the muon-induced catalytic reaction to continue.(An example of a simple compound is methylamine CH3-15NH3, which can be converted into a liquid, gas, or fluid containing nitrogen-15 (15N).) Boranes and ammonia are gases, but they are toxic and corrosive, and require careful handling due to the need to compress the gas into tanks. However, organic compounds that allow hydrogen to be placed in close proximity to nitrogen-15, such as the carbon-nitrogen-15-hydrogen compound CHN15, are less corrosive and toxic than borane and ammonia. They can be stored in tanks as gaseous or liquid CHN15 (without compressing or liquefying it into a cylinder and sealing it), and transported to regions and power generation systems where they are needed. Then, when supplying the fuel CHN15 to a nuclear fusion system or reactor, the liquid compound CHN15 can be heated, and the liquid, which has changed its viscosity or other physical properties due to the heating, or the CHN15, which has become a gas or vapor due to the heating, can be circulated or compressed within a reactor equipped with a compression section. The use of the compound CHN15, which may also be a liquid fusion fuel, may be less toxic and corrosive than borane or ammonia, and may be transportable in the marketplace like gasoline or oil, making it easier to transport to power generation systems. The compound CHN15 may have the following characteristics: the atomic number ZA of the source atom with the highest atomic number that undergoes the fusion reaction, and the atomic number ZB of the atom with the highest atomic number among the atoms or particles produced by the fusion reaction, are equal to or less than the atomic number ZA; in the case of using nitrogen-15, the source atom nitrogen-15 has an atomic number of 7 (the atomic number ZA is 7), and the carbon-12 produced by the reaction of nitrogen-15 with a proton has an atomic number of 6 (the atomic number ZB is 6), and the atomic number ZB is equal to or less than the atomic number ZA.In the case of using nitrogen-15, even if carbon-12 is produced by a nuclear fusion reaction, the carbon-12 contained in the original compound CHN15 (e.g., as the carbon skeleton of an organic compound) has the same positive charge on its nucleus, and it is assumed that the muon moves toward another nitrogen-15 whose nucleus has a more positive charge than the carbon-12 produced, is captured by the nitrogen-15, produces carbon-12 and helium, and is then recaptured by the nitrogen-15 repeatedly, resulting in a continuous nuclear fusion reaction catalyzed by the muon. <0047> <Cross Section> In terms of the cross section of nuclear reactions (*Reference B), *Hydrogen 1-H-1: 33.22 barns, *1-H-2: 4.70, *Lithium 6: 942.1, *Lithium 7: 1.22, *Beryllium 9: 7.33, *Boron 11: 5.96, *Nitrogen 15: 5.35 barns. Other cross sections include Fluorine 9: 4.23, and Carbon 12: 5.57. The cross sections of nitrogen-15 and boron-11 are between 5 and 6 barns. On the other hand, the cross section of lithium-7 is about 1, which is smaller than the cross section of nitrogen and boron mentioned above. Therefore, from the perspective of cross section, it may be preferable to use boron-11 or nitrogen-15. [*Reference B: Japan Atomic Energy Agency web page https: / / wwwndc.jaea.go.jp / jendl / j33 / J33_J.html, Internet, accessed November 17, 2023. The neutrons in each table are taken from the Maxwellian Average of MT1. Although cross sections may differ in systems using actual muons and atoms, these are listed here to consider the cross section during muon fusion by comparing barn values ​​between isotopes under the same conditions.Reference B: JENDL-3.3 - JAEA Nuclear Data Center K. Shibata, T. Kawano, T. Nakagawa, O. Iwamoto, J. Katakura, T. Fukahori, S. Chiba, A. Hasegawa, T. Murata, H. Matsunobu, T. Ohsawa, Y. Nakajima, T. Yoshida, A. Zukeran, M. Kawai, M. Baba, M. Ishikawa, T. Asami, T. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, M. Igashira, N. Yamamuro, H. Kitazawa, N. Yamano and H. Takano: "Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library Version 3 Revision-3: JENDL-3.3," J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 39, 1125 (2002). (Eds.) T. Nakagawa, H. Kawasaki and K. Shibata: "Curves and Tables of Neutron Cross Sections in JENDL-3.3 (Part I and II)," JAERI-Data / Code 2002-020, Part I, Part II (2002). (Ed.) K. Shibata: "Descriptive Data of JENDL-3.3 (Part I and II)," JAERI-Data / Code 2002-026, Part I, Part II (2003). ]<0048><Systems Using Lithium><Lithium 7>Systems using lithium 7 and protons are characterized by a low cross-sectional area, are difficult to convert into gas molecules, and exist as a solid or liquid.Although they are used as materials for lithium-ion batteries and other applications and are limited in resource quantity, they are disclosed as an example in this application.When using lithium, lithium hydride consisting of lithium 7 and hydrogen can be used.Muons are irradiated onto the surface of the liquid lithium hydride.p + 7Li->2 × 4He + 17.2 MeV <Lithium-6> When lithium-6 (referred to herein as 6Li) and deuterium-D (lithium-6 deuteride, 6LiD) are used, the cross section of the fusion reaction of lithium-6 is larger than that of lithium-7, presumably favoring the fusion reaction. In this case, the source material FEED, a compound of lithium-6 and deuterium-D, may be heated by a heating means RAMH, such as a laser, radio wave, or electromagnetic wave. Alternatively, the mixture, FEED, and / or its containment vessel (the vessel or portion holding the FEED within the reaction system) may be heated by a heating means such as an electric resistance heater or an electrical heating means, and the mixture FEED may be in a bulk liquid state. *Lithium-6 deuteride (6LiD), a bulk liquid that can be irradiated with muons, may also be used. Note that when deuterium-D and lithium-6 are used, reactions that produce alpha rays, helium-4, protons, neutrons, etc. may occur, as shown below. (Reaction equations related to lithium are shown in Group B of Figure 2.) D + 6Li->2 x 4He (alpha rays) + 22.4MeVD + 6Li->7Li + p + 5.0MeVD + 6Li->4He (alpha rays) + p + 2.6MeVD + 6Li->3He (helium-3) + 4He + n + 1.8MeV* Lithium-6, which has a larger cross section than lithium-7, is chemically bonded (ionic bonded) with deuterium to form a source material FEED, and the source material FEED is placed in target sections T1, FP, PBH1, PMP1-XMB, which may be heated by heating means RAMH, and muons (muonic atoms) are irradiated and injected into the placed FEED, thereby promoting nuclear fusion using muons (and connecting to a nuclear fusion system, nuclear fusion reactor, or nuclear fusion reactor). As described above, in the case of an invention or device in which lithium-6, which has a large cross-section, and deuterium are chemically bonded to form the source material FEED, the cross-section can be made larger than when lithium-7, boron-11, nitrogen-15, or oxygen-18 is used with hydrogen or deuterium for nuclear fusion or muon nuclear fusion, which has the advantage of making nuclear fusion easier. <0049> <System Using Beryllium> This is disclosed as one example in the present application. A system in which beryllium-9 and protons undergo a nuclear fusion reaction may be used. Beryllium hydride BeH2 may be used as the source material to be irradiated when irradiating muons.Beryllium hydride is a solid and dissociates near its melting point, making it difficult or impossible to use as a fluid in a fusion system. p + 9Be → 4He + 6Li + 2.1MeVp + 9Be → d + 2 × 4He + 0.6MeVBeryllium-9 is a stable isotope of natural beryllium, accounting for 100% of beryllium, potentially eliminating the need for an isotope separation process. Beryllium-9 has a larger cross section than lithium-7 (a naturally occurring lithium isotope) (as well as boron-11 and nitrogen-15), and may be advantageous in terms of cross section when used in the present system. Beryllium boron hydride, Be(BH4)2, is a compound consisting of boron, beryllium, hydrogen, and protons. It is a compound, inorganic compound, or inorganic polymer compound that can be chemically bonded to boron-11 or beryllium-9 and hydrogen atoms in close proximity, and can be used in one form of the present invention. This material can be used in liquids and solids. The reaction of boron-11 (Z=5) produces helium (Z=2), while the reaction of beryllium-9 (Z=4) produces lithium (Z=3) and helium / deuterium. The final product, ZB group (helium, lithium, deuterium, ZB=3), from these two reactions is the ZA group of fusion source atoms (boron-11, beryllium-9, hydrogen, ZA=11 or 9). Since the ZA group of fusion source atoms has a larger positive charge than the lithium-6 final product, which has a positive charge of 3, it can be assumed that negative muons are more easily captured by the fusion source atoms and can be utilized. <0050> <Resources, etc.> In terms of resource availability in space and the Earth's sphere, oxygen-18 and oxygen-17, which have magic number 8 oxygen, may be dominant. Nitrogen-15 and boron-11 are also dominant. Oxygen-18 and nitrogen-15 are contained in atmospheric nitrogen and can be separated from other isotopes of atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen using oxygen and nitrogen distillation processes. Carbon is also abundant. The higher the atomic number, the more muons decay into electrons and neutrinos due to weak interactions (the lifetime of negative muons decreases). Since we want to consider this effect with nitrogen-15 (Z = 7), which has a larger Z than lithium (Z = 3), this application does not restrict the use of lithium.(Since the lifetime of negative muons is close to microseconds when Z is between 1 and 10, if the time they act as catalysts in the nuclear fusion reaction can be maintained at microseconds, atoms up to Z = 10 can be used as candidate raw material atoms for the system of the present invention. Or, for example, up to Z = 20. The lifetime of negative muons can be taken into consideration.) This application preferably considers elements with Z = 9 to 3, and discloses examples of lithium-6, oxygen-18, nitrogen-15, and boron-11, as well as examples of compounds in which these elements are chemically bonded with protons and deuterium as the second raw material. <0051> <System Using Fluorine> In an experimental system, a nuclear fusion system that produces oxygen-16 (Z = 8) and helium from fluorine-19 (Z = 9) and protons may be used. Muons can also be irradiated onto hydrogen fluoride, which is bonded with fluorine-19 and protons. (Hydrogen fluoride is highly toxic.) <0052> <Oxygen-based systems> A nuclear fusion system can be used to produce nitrogen-15 and helium from oxygen-18 and protons. Muons can also be irradiated onto hydrogen oxide (H2O), which is formed by the combination of oxygen-18 and protons, or water H2O (liquid, gas, vapor, or fluid). In this case, nitrogen-15 is obtained (reaction formula: Group A in Figure 2 of this application), which can then be used in a nuclear fusion reaction to produce carbon-12 and helium by reacting nitrogen-15 with protons as described above. Oxygen-18 is present at 0.2%. For example, it exists as a carbon dioxide atmosphere on Venus, and rocks on the Moon, Mars, and Venus asteroids (which may contain silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, etc.) contain oxygen atoms combined with metal elements (silicon, aluminum, iron, etc.), making it a potentially accessible resource and potentially extractable during space travel. Regarding oxygen isotopes, the desired oxygen isotope may be separated from atmospheric oxygen or from substances combined with celestial oxygen (oxygen obtained by reducing rocks containing silicon oxide, etc.) using known separation processes. Oxygen-17 and protons may also be used. <0053> <<Example in which the atomic number Z does not decrease but the raw material atom is chemically bonded to another raw material atom>> As one example, this application discloses a case in which the atomic number ZB that undergoes the nuclear fusion reaction is equal to or greater than the atomic number ZA, and the first raw material atom ZA and the second raw material atom ZB are contained in the same compound molecule. <System using carbon> In an experimental system, muons may be irradiated onto a hydrocarbon containing protons and carbon.Molecules in which carbon and hydrogen atoms are chemically bonded may be used as source materials or fusion fuel before the nuclear fusion reaction. For example, organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen, such as hydrocarbons and methane, may be used. Muons or muonic hydrogen may be irradiated or injected into organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen, such as methane. For systems using carbon or hydrocarbons or organic substances, such as methane, the (gas or fluid) hydrocarbons or organic substances may be compressed using the compression units PUMP and RAM shown in Figures 7 and 8. Muons or muonic hydrogen atoms may be injected into the compressed area (target units T1, FP, PBH1, and PMP1-XMB) to promote muon nuclear fusion at the compressed area. When using hydrocarbon gases such as methane or propane, existing gas transportation, transport, and storage infrastructure can be utilized. Gas piping, pipelines, valves, pumps, etc. can be reused. (On the other hand, gases such as ammonia and boron hydride may require dedicated infrastructure, piping, and pumps.) (When a negative muon approaches an atomic nucleus, it interacts weakly with the protons in the nucleus, converting the protons in the nucleus into neutrons and transforming them into a nucleus with an atomic number one smaller. When carbon-12 is irradiated with a muon, it becomes boron-11, and when the muon arrives again, it is expected that the boron-11 will react with hydrogen atoms and protons.) <Carbon-carbon nuclear fusion, carbon combustion, and nuclear fusion reaction with atoms with Z equal to or greater than carbon> For a raw material FEED of an organic compound in which carbon atoms are bonded together, as shown in Figure 9, etc., the FEED can be heated (and compressed) using heating and compression means such as RAM or RAMH, while muons and muonic atoms are irradiated and introduced into the FEED, and the carbon atoms can be induced to undergo the nuclear fusion reaction using the muons. Furthermore, for experimental purposes, or for the purpose of nuclear transmutation or artificially synthesizing elements with higher atomic numbers Z, nuclear fusion may be promoted by colliding a muonic carbon atom with another atom using the carbon atom of a muonic atom. In addition to nuclear fusion between carbon atoms, nuclear fusion between oxygen atoms in an oxygen combustion process, a silicon combustion process, and nuclear fusion reactions between elements with higher atomic numbers Z may also be attempted in the system of the present invention.<0054> <System capable of heating or compressing raw material FEED> As a configuration that can further compress and heat in the RAM section (RAMH section) than the configuration in Figure 8, Figure 9 discloses a system that can irradiate a target section with (multiple) lasers, ion beams, microwaves, etc. from the source of emission to heat the FEED in the target section. (Compression may also be possible with a laser or ion beam.) Figure 9 is an example of a system 1F-SYS that has a compression section and heating section for the raw material FEED. (The diagrams are examples, and the experimental system, reaction system, apparatus, structure, and arrangement are not limited to those shown in the diagrams. For example, although FIGS. 8 and 9 show a configuration in which a feed circulates in a closed cycle, the feed may be stored in a closed container or a batch-type container, and a heating unit RAMH may be provided in the container or reaction unit storing the feed, and the feed may be irradiated with muons or muonic atoms while being heated by the heating unit RAMH. As in laser confinement inertial fusion, a container storing a feed may be irradiated with a laser (from a light source unit which may be multiple light source units), and the feed may be confined and heated by the laser. The feed may be heated by irradiating a container storing a feed with electromagnetic waves such as laser, millimeter waves, microwaves, electromagnetic induction, particle-based ion beams, or particle beams.) For example, the compression unit RAM in FIG. 9 may be capable of laser irradiation or ion beam irradiation. It may also be capable of laser compression. It may also be capable of heating by laser, photons, electromagnetic waves, electric fields, magnetic fields, radio waves, or beams. 7, 8, and 9 are explanatory diagrams of a nuclear fusion system using a source material FEED containing source atoms in its molecules, the nuclear fusion system including a step of irradiating and injecting muons into the source material, the source atoms including two or more source atoms of a first atomic number ZA, or one or more source atoms of a first atomic number ZA and one or more source atoms of a second atomic number ZAA, the source atoms being fused together with the source atoms of the first atomic number ZA and the second atomic number ZAA being contained in the source material by chemical bonds, covalent bonds, or ionic bonds. <4> <0056> As one aspect of the present application, FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a nuclear fusion system including a step of irradiating and injecting muons and muonic atoms into the source material FEED, the system including a heating means RAMH and a compression means RAM for the source material FEED.The heating means RAMH may be, for example, a heating means using laser heating, ion beam heating, microwaves, millimeter waves, electric fields, magnetic fields, or electromagnetic induction. Fig. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a fusion system that includes a step of irradiating and injecting muon / muonic atoms into a FEED, such as an inertial confinement fusion system that irradiates a laser (from a light source unit that may be multiple light sources) and confines the fusion energy with the laser, or a fusion system that may be heated with a laser. Alternatively, Fig. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a fusion system that irradiates a vessel containing a FEED with electromagnetic waves such as a laser, millimeter waves, microwaves, electromagnetic induction, a particle-based ion beam, a particle beam, or millimeter waves to heat the FEED (in some cases, for example, an ion beam is directed toward a single point, e.g., an ion beam is directed toward a single point FP or T1 of the FEED, and the ion beam traveling toward the single point compresses, packs, or rams the FEED, thereby compressing or heating the FEED), including a step of irradiating and injecting muon / muonic atoms into the FEED. <5> <0057> As one embodiment of the present application, (B) in the lower part of Figure 3 of the present application is an explanatory diagram of a system in which lithium deuteride 6 is placed in a source material FEED in a solid, liquid, or molten state (preferably in a liquid or molten state when it is considered that the source atoms can move due to heat and become closer to each other), in a target section T1, and muons (muonic atoms) are irradiated and introduced into the lithium deuteride 6. In (B) of Figure 3, the lithium deuteride 6 in T1 and the FEED section may be heated using a heating means RAMH. (The FEED may be heated using heating means RAMH to melt it and turn it into a liquid.) * The source material FEED is formed by chemically bonding lithium 6, which has a larger cross-sectional area than lithium 7, with deuterium, and the source material FEED may be heated by heating means RAMH. The source material FEED is placed in target sections T1, FP, PBH1, and PMP1-XMB, and muons (muonic atoms) are irradiated and injected into the placed FEED, with the intention of promoting nuclear fusion using muons, leading to a nuclear fusion system, nuclear fusion reactor, or nuclear fusion reactor.When lithium-6, which has a large cross-sectional area, is chemically bonded with deuterium to form the source material FEED, the cross-sectional area can be made larger than when lithium-7, boron-11, nitrogen-15, or oxygen-18 is used with hydrogen or deuterium for nuclear fusion or muon fusion, which has the advantage of making nuclear fusion easier. Between lithium-7 and lithium-6, lithium-6 is preferable in terms of cross-sectional area, and lithium-6 and deuterium are preferred. Since lithium-7 has the problem of a small cross-sectional area, in one example of this application, it may be possible to limit the use to lithium-6 and deuterium and increase the cross-sectional area to solve the problem of a small cross-sectional area. <0058> Symbols etc. <Figure 9> PMP1-XMB: Mixture MP1-XMB compressed (and / or heated) by a compression means such as RAM, or mixture MP1-XMB compressed (and / or heated) by a compression means such as RAM. RAM: Compression means such as a RAM unit. Inertial confinement fusion is known in which a fusion fuel pellet is irradiated and confined by laser irradiation (if the RAM section is of the laser confinement / inertial confinement type, the wavelength of the laser light may be a short wavelength on the blue, ultraviolet, X-ray, or gamma ray side so that the momentum of the photons can be increased), and in this application, the target section / mixture may be compressed with a laser in the compression RAM section. (A muon injection process may be added to laser confinement inertial confinement fusion.) The RAM section may irradiate lasers, ion beams, and ion beams containing raw material atoms from multiple launchers so that they converge on the section containing the raw material atoms (Figure 9). (It is also possible to use an inertial type such as a Z-pinch or magnetized target that can compress the raw material atoms and confine them by inertia.) In the RAM section, a laser or ramjet mechanism is used to compress and heat the raw material atoms that will become the fuel necessary for nuclear fusion, or the compound or mixture in which the raw material atoms are chemically bonded together, with a laser or other means, while irradiating them with muons. This increases the molecular and atomic motion within the compound molecules or in the compound or mixture, and as a result, the particles that are bonded to the muons are more likely to approach each other due to thermal motion, with the intention of making it easier to induce nuclear fusion by proximity, muon nuclear fusion, or muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion. It is also intended that after nuclear fusion, the muons that act as catalysts will be released and then brought into close proximity to the next raw material atoms, which is then captured, and this process will be repeated.(Even if muons are irradiated onto liquid hydrogen, DT, DD, or TT cooled to an extremely low temperature of a few Kelvin, the temperature is low and there is a risk that the effect of bringing the source atoms closer together due to thermal motion will be limited. However, if muons, muonic atoms, or muonic hydrogen are introduced into a part compressed and heated by a laser or ramjet section, a proximity effect due to compression or thermal motion can be expected.) RAMH: Heating means. (May be included in the RAM section. For example, a means capable of remotely irradiating a substance with electromagnetic waves or photons, such as a laser or microwave, and heating the substance. For example, in a system using water, hydrogen peroxide, and muons, the water can be heated by microwaves. Alternatively, the substance may be electromagnetically inductively heated.) For example, if a hydrocarbon is used as the source material and muons are used in the configurations of Figures 8 and 9 to induce nuclear fusion between carbon and hydrogen atoms that are chemically bonded and close to each other within the hydrocarbon, Figure 9 is more suitable than Figure 8 because the source material can be heated by a laser or other means. As the temperature increases due to the laser or other heating means, the movement of atoms and particles in the source material becomes more active, which may have the effect of promoting muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion. (Heating means such as laser heating, ion beam or neutral particle beam (NBI), ion beam or neutral particle beam containing raw material atoms (NBI), particle beam combining muons and ions / raw material atoms, millimeter waves, microwaves, etc. may also be used.) RAM and RAMH may be capable of laser irradiation or ion beam irradiation. They may also be capable of laser compression. They may also be capable of laser heating. PUMP: compressor, pump, motor FEED: raw material (e.g., boron hydride, (hydrocarbon), hydrogen nitride, hydrogen oxide, etc.) (Can also be a liquid or solid target such as lithium deuteride. Raw material material for the nuclear fusion reaction.) FEEDC: feed control unit. May also include a feed / raw material supply unit, fuel supply unit, etc., and a unit for removing products of nuclear fusion such as helium.FP: Nuclear Fusion (Promotion) Section <0059> < > <NB1> A nuclear fusion system using a source material containing source atoms, the source material being a fluid, gas, or liquid source material, the nuclear fusion system comprising a step of irradiating / injecting muons into the source material, the source atoms including two or more source atoms having a first atomic number ZA, or one or more atoms having a first atomic number ZA and one or more source atoms having a second atomic number ZAA, characterized in that the atomic number ZA of the source atom with the highest atomic number that undergoes the nuclear fusion reaction and the atomic number ZB of the atom with the highest atomic number among the atoms / particles produced by the nuclear fusion reaction are equal to or smaller than the atomic number ZA. <NB2> The nuclear fusion system according to NB1, characterized in that the atom with the first atomic number ZA and the source atom with the second atomic number ZAA that undergo nuclear fusion are contained in the source material by chemical, covalent, or ionic bonds. <NB3> A fusion system as set forth in NB1, wherein the atoms with the first atomic number ZA are boron-11 and nitrogen-15, and the raw material atoms with the second atomic number ZAA are hydrogen and protons. <NB4> A muon-catalyzed fusion system characterized by introducing or injecting into the fusion fuel material an atom or particle in which a muon is bound to or attached to an atomic nucleus, or a muonic atom. <NB5> A muon-catalyzed fusion system characterized by introducing or injecting into the fusion fuel material a muon or muonic atom, and then pressurizing the fusion fuel material by a pressurizing means. <NB6> A muon-catalyzed fusion system as set forth in NB1, characterized by introducing or injecting into the fusion fuel material a muon or muonic atom, and then mixing the fusion fuel material by a pressurizing means. <MMF1> A nuclear fusion system that uses a source material containing source atoms, the nuclear fusion system having a process of irradiating and injecting muons into the source material, wherein the source atoms (containing two or more source atoms with a first atomic number ZA, or containing one or more atoms with a first atomic number ZA and one or more source atoms with a second atomic number ZAA) are characterized in that the source atoms to be fused (or the source atom with the first atomic number ZA and the source atom with the second atomic number ZAA) are contained in the source material by chemical bonds, covalent bonds, or ionic bonds.<MMF2> A nuclear fusion system as described in MMF1, wherein the atom with the first atomic number ZA is boron-11 and nitrogen-15, and the source atom with the second atomic number ZAA is hydrogen and a proton, or wherein the atom with the first atomic number ZA is lithium-6, and the source atom with the second atomic number ZAA is deuterium. <MMF3> A nuclear fusion system as described in MMF1, wherein the atom with the first atomic number ZA is carbon, and the source atom with the second atomic number ZAA is hydrogen and a proton (the source material is methane, a hydrocarbon, or an organic compound containing a carbon-hydrogen bond). <MMF4> A nuclear fusion system using a source material containing source atoms, comprising a step of irradiating and injecting muons into the source material, wherein the source material is (liquid) lithium deuteride, which is a chemical bond of lithium-6 and deuterium. <MHF1> A nuclear fusion system equipped with a heating means RAMH for a source material FEED, the nuclear fusion system including a process of irradiating and injecting muons and muonic atoms into the source material FEED. <MHF2> The heating means RAMH uses heating by irradiating the source material FEED with a laser, ion beam, particle beam, neutral particle beam, ion beam containing source atoms, or neutral particle beam, particle beam combining muons, ions, or source atoms, or uses heating by radio waves, millimeter waves, microwaves, electric fields, or electromagnetic induction for the source material FEED. <Document Title> Document <> <Problem> In known muon-catalyzed nuclear fusion, with fusion fuel materials such as hydrogen, deuterium (D), and tritium (T), there was a problem in that muons attached to, captured, or trapped by helium, the product of nuclear fusion, causing catalytic nuclear fusion to stop. We wanted to solve the problem of muons being captured not in the fusion fuel material but in the product material after fusion, making it difficult for the muon-catalyzed fusion reaction to proceed. <Solution> We disclose a system for muon-based fusion, in which the fusion fuel material / source material contains a source atom with a first atomic number ZA and a source atom with a second atomic number ZAA chemically bonded together. We propose a muon-catalyzed fusion system that uses lithium hydride containing lithium-6 and deuterium, or diborane containing protons and boron-11, or ammonia containing protons and nitrogen-15. We also propose a muon-based fusion system equipped with heating and compression means.<0060> <<Addendum based on application claiming priority>> The following items have been added to the previous applications, Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2023-150635, 2023-151787, 2023-174791, and 2023-196029. <Document Name> Document <> <Problem> It is desired to make it easier to replace the muon target without shutting down a muon fusion reactor. (To reduce downtime during target replacement. To increase target lifespan.) It is also desired to miniaturize the muon generation unit and accelerator. <Solution> A wedge-shaped or thin disk / plate (insertable) movable target is used in a circular accelerator (Fixed Field Strong Focus Accelerator (FFAG accelerator), MERIT ring / MERIT accelerator *MERIT: Multiple Energy Recovery Internal Target). The movable target may be replaceable using a replacement device, or two or more movable targets and muon capture solenoids / muon extraction units may be provided, allowing the movable target to be inserted / removed or moved back and forth from the outer periphery of the accelerator toward the inner periphery (the MOVE location in Figure 12). A proton particle beam may be irradiated onto the movable target to generate pions and muons. <Form for Implementing the Invention> <0061> <Problem> Problem to be Solved by the Invention <Problem of Activating and Replacing the Muon Target to Reduce Maintenance and Downtime Due to Unavailable Muon Generation> To generate muons, a high-energy proton beam is irradiated onto a muon generation target made of carbon or lithium to generate pions, pions, and muons. During this process, the pion / muon generation target and muon target irradiated by the proton beam deteriorate and become activated with use, necessitating replacement. The target becomes highly radioactive, making it difficult for humans to access. Replacing the muon target poses the problem of shutting down the muon generator and muon fusion system. Therefore, a rotating muon target has been developed, which distributes and averages the irradiation time over other parts of a rotatable disk by rotating the target. Even in muon fusion systems, if muon target replacement or maintenance could be performed without shutting down the muon generation unit while the muon fusion system is running (reducing downtime when muons cannot be generated), it might be commercially advantageous (for example, a muon fusion power plant would not need to stop power generation for a three-week span every six months to replace the muon target).<0062> <Solution> Means for solving the problem, mode for carrying out the invention <Extending muon target life and reducing downtime with rotating muon target MU-DISK-TGT> In the circular accelerator 2MU-ACC-RING (FFAG accelerator 2MU-FFAG, MERIT ring, MERIT accelerator 2MU-MERIT-RING), (particularly in the MERIT type ring) the muon target portion is arranged to protrude in a wedge shape, and the rotating target portion is a carburettor-type rotating target with a thin, sharp outer periphery (protruding in a sharp shape, wedge-shaped), or a target with a thin, thin outer periphery By using a rotating target MU-DISK-TGT in the shape of a record or disk, resembling a sharp rotating saw (a thin, narrow disk with a sharpened outer edge, or a wedge-shaped rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT, as shown in Figures 10, 11, and 12), we aim to suppress and average out the activation of the MERIT-type wedge-shaped muon target (a fixed muon target), extend the life of the muon target, delay activation, and increase the amount of time the muon target can be used. * For example, as shown in Figures 10, 11, and 12, the rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT or MU-DISK-TGT may be a wedge or triangle with the cross section of one side of the disk becoming thinner toward the outer periphery (a thin disk is also acceptable), and a movable muon target unit (2MU-GEN-ROT-TGT) may be configured with a rotation means such as a motor for rotating the rotating muon target and a rotation support means such as a bearing, and the muon target part MU-MOVABLE-TGT or MU-DISK-TGT may be inserted (or removed) into the particle beam orbit of the accelerator (2MU-FFAG, 2MU-ACC-RING, 2MU-MERIT-RING) toward the particle orbit at the outer periphery of the accelerator. It may be provided in the target section and pion-muon generation section of the 2MU pion generator. (*If the circular accelerator is likened to a doughnut, a rotating muon target like a rotary saw can be inserted, removed, and moved in the poloidal direction in the part where particles circulate on the outer periphery of the doughnut, or in the protruding wedge of the MERIT ring. A rotating target that can make cuts in the ring with a rotary saw or perform an operation like removing it can be inserted and removed into the 2MU-MERIT-RING in Figures 10 and 12.) *As shown in Figure 10, a wedge-shaped rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT, or a rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT with a thin, plate-shaped movable part (the target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT may be rotatable, and the shape of the target may be a wedge shape, a shape with a thin protruding part in the ring, or a thin plate shape so that the particles can regain energy inside the MERIT ring or circular accelerator after the MERIT particle beam hits the target. *In Figure 10, a vacuum particle accelerator, circular accelerator, FFAG, M The rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT (with a wedge-shaped, thinned portion) is inserted into a part of the outer periphery of the accelerator cross section (so as to collide with the orbit of the accelerated particle beam circling the outer periphery) and is rotatable, like a rotary saw that cuts the outer periphery where particles pass, perpendicular to the circular, doughnut-shaped toroidal direction of the ERIT ring. In Figures 10, 11, 12, and 13, the particle accelerator can be operated while maintaining a vacuum, and the rotating or movable muon target can be inserted and moved (MOVE). It would be good to be able to exchange (EXCHANGE / SET) the muon target when activating it. A motor (MU-TGT-MOT) and bearings (MU-TGT-BRG) are used for rotation. The wedge-shaped rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT attached to the axis (AXIS-TGT-BRG) rotates across the outer periphery of the circular accelerator, FFAG, and MERIT ring (part of the outer periphery of the ring donut. *Cross-sectional view CS in Figure 10, cross-sectional view CS from point CSP1 to CSP2.) <Exchange / Set during activation of muon target> Removal of activated parts > Furthermore, when a wedge-shaped rotating muon target is activated, as shown in the right diagram of Figure 11, the activated tip can be cut, milled, or severed to remove the activated part, and the less activated part can be recycled and reused. Machines or robots can also be used for unmanned operation. In the case of a rotating muon target, activation occurs near the wedge-shaped, thinned part compared to a fixed target or a thick rotating target, which allows for a smaller thickness and volume of the area irradiated with the proton ion beam, and is expected to lead to a reduction in activated radioactive waste.<A system for cutting and maintaining the beam-irradiated portion of a rotating muon target that is undergoing muon target activation during muon generation operation and accelerator operation, and for grinding and removing activated portions with a grindstone. A system for cutting, grinding, and removing the target before it becomes highly activated during muon generation operation, accelerator operation, or device operation.> Wedge-shaped rotating muon target: As shown in the right diagram of Figure 11, the rotating target portion may be ground or removed by bringing a grindstone or a device capable of grinding or removing portions of the target close to the irradiated portion of the disk while the muon generation unit, accelerator, and MERIT ring are in operation. The activated portion may also be ground, removed, or removed with a grinding and removal device. (If grinding is exhausted and the disk surface cannot be ground or polished during operation, a new disk may be replaced with a new one using a disk replacement machine or robot arm.) <Use in space> This application also contemplates use as the power unit of a spacecraft. For accelerator systems, the vacuum environment of space may be used for parts requiring a vacuum. <0063> <Automated replacement of movable muon targets> Figure 10 shows a system for exchanging muon targets as an example of a system for exchanging a wedge-shaped rotating muon target for muon generation after activation by proton irradiation, and an example of a system for exchanging targets when the muon target extraction port is fixed in one place. <0064> For example, a device / robot unit (TGT EXCANGE ROBOT / ARM (JUKE BOX MACHINE) that can exchange records / disks (wedge-shaped rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT) using a robot arm, like a jukebox. A wedge-shaped rotating muon target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT and a plurality of wedge-shaped rotating muon targets MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT (like the rotating magazine of a revolver) may be mounted on an axis (2TGT-EXCHANGE-AXIS) that can be rotated by a motor or the like (2TGT-EXCHANGE-MOT) and a magazine section, disk holder, and arm (2TGT-EXCHANGE-ARM) that can be rotated by a rotating means 2TGT-EXCHANGE-MOT, and the wedge-shaped rotating muon target may be replaced by rotating the arm. Replacement may be automated.<0065> Figure 12 shows a replacement and exchange system for a wedge-shaped rotating target for muon generation after proton irradiation activation (when two muon extraction ports and solenoids are located, and one extraction port is shut down to replace the target). Although two systems are required for the muon extraction port, solenoid, and muon irradiation system for the fusion fuel, this system does not require the aforementioned rotation mechanism for replacement, and the irradiation system and target T1 in the fusion reaction section can also be two systems, with the intention of reducing downtime during which power cannot be generated. (Although two systems are shown in Figure 12, multiple systems are also possible.) Figure 12 includes two or more wedge-shaped rotating targets, muon capture solenoids, and muon extraction units, allowing the movable muon target and wedge-shaped rotating target MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT to be moved in and out, moved back and forth, and inserted from the outer periphery of the accelerator toward the inner periphery (the MOVE section in Figure 12). The movable target section is moved (MOVE), pushed out, inserted, withdrawn, and pulled back within the MERIT ring, and the collision of the proton beam with the wedge-shaped rotating target section is controlled by the MOVE step and the insertion / removal step, enabling on / off control of pion / muon generation at one of the extraction ports. When replacing the target section shown in Figure 12, it is completely withdrawn and pulled back from the MERIT ring for maintenance replacement. Replacement and other processes may be automated using machines or robots (TGT EXCANGE ROBOT / ARM). <0066> <Problem> <Miniaturization of muon-generating devices, need for compact accelerators and compact muon generators> It is desirable to miniaturize muon-generating systems (accelerators, accelerating cavities, and bending magnets). When installing the fusion system on transportation equipment, spacecraft, spacecraft, aircraft, vehicles, ships, submarines, and various facilities and robots, it is desirable to be able to reduce the size of the system, including the accelerator and muon generator. <0067> <Solution> Means for solving the problems, modes for carrying out the invention: The muon generation unit uses a circular accelerator, a fixed field alternating gradient accelerator (FFAG accelerator, FFAG: Fixed Field Alternating Gradient), as a high-intensity muon source.The Multiple Energy Recovery Internal Target (MERIT) method is known, which uses a constant magnetic field (static magnetic field) with a gradient magnetic field shape that alternates the direction of the gradient. A wedge-shaped target, such as a proton, is placed on the beam orbit inside the ring, and the beam is circulated, stored, accumulated, and accelerated. At the same time, the beam is irradiated onto the target, generating secondary particles. Even beams that have been irradiated onto the target once but do not react with the target can be re-accelerated to recover their energy, allowing them to be repeatedly irradiated onto the target, thereby enabling highly efficient generation of secondary particles. This method may be used in the muon generation unit M1 and particle accelerator of the present application. <0068> In the MERIT method, protons injected into the center of the MERIT ring transition to an outer orbit as they accelerate and rotate inside, and then enter the muon target section that protrudes outward in a wedge-like, thin plate-like shape, generating pions and muons. They are then accelerated again, their energy is restored, and they collide with the target again, generating pions and muons. The generated pions and muons are introduced and injected into a muon capture and transport solenoid (MUON CAPTURE TRANSPORT SOLENOID in Figures 10, 11, 12, and 13), and then from the above section (which may pass through an acceleration section, deflection section, or various other devices as necessary, and may remain as muons, be converted into a neutral particle beam, or be converted into muonic atoms), those containing muons are irradiated and injected into the target section T1 (isotope-selected lithium hydride (lithium 6-deuteride), boron hydride, hydrogen nitride, hydrogen oxide, hydrogen fluoride, hydrocarbons, etc., source material) and fusion reactor FP of the muon fusion system 1F-SYS. As mentioned above, in this application, a movable muon target section MU-MOVABLE-TGT or a wedge-shaped rotating target section MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT may be used as the muon target. The rotating wedge-shaped target can have a longer life than a fixed wedge-shaped target. The configurations shown in Figures 10, 11, 12, and 13 are intended to make the muon generator smaller and to extend the life of the target and device (by extending the activation time).<0069> <Acceleration Cavity> A synchrotron or circular accelerator that generates muons may include an acceleration cavity that performs acceleration, and a bending magnet (quadrupole magnet, etc.) that controls, focuses, or bends the trajectory of the accelerated particles or protons. Regarding the acceleration cavity, it is known to use a superconducting acceleration cavity in which a copper cavity is plated or coated with niobium to make it a superconductor, and this may be used because it can reduce power consumption. Furthermore, methods of accelerating protons, ions, and particles using plasma with a high-intensity laser (laser plasma-driven ion and electron acceleration, laser wake field acceleration (LWFA), and methods using the ponderomotive force of a laser) are well known, and the acceleration cavity can be made small by using a cavity capable of laser particle acceleration (considered preferable when used in the acceleration cavity of the muon generation section of a muon fusion reactor mounted on mobile equipment such as transportation equipment, spacecraft, aircraft, vehicles, ships, submarines, and exploration robots, where small size is preferred). Laser-based accelerators and muon generators may be constructed using the proton acceleration method using plasma with a laser, LWFA, etc. <0070> <Bending magnet> <Muon capture and transport solenoid, conductors and wires in the system of the present application> Superconductors may be used in the bending magnet, quadrupole electromagnet, and muon capture solenoid sections. Superconductors may be used in the bending magnets, quadrupole electromagnets, and muon capture solenoids.- A conductor 1WIRE in which a capacitor portion composed of an insulator, a material portion, and a gate electrode of a transistor can be charged by a voltage applied to the gate electrode disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-123161 (for the purpose of avoiding the problem of using conductive wires while refraining from using substances with long half-lives when radioactive, such as niobium, while increasing the conductivity of carbon materials, or changing the conductor wire from copper to a carbon-based material, reducing the amount of copper used, eliminating the cooling procedure and cooling equipment for superconductivity), for the conductor portion, bending magnet, quadrupole electromagnet, and muon capture solenoid portion of the system of the present application, and applying a voltage (VGS) between a first electrode (106) and a second electrode (102) to form a carrier introduction portion (104) in a material portion (101), and changing the conductivity of the material portion (101) including the carrier introduction portion (104), is possible, and the material portion (101) of the element includes a channel portion of a transistor, and the carrier introduction portion (104) is a capacitor portion composed of an insulator, a material portion, and a gate electrode of a transistor. The muon generator and particle accelerator of the present application may include a conductor 1WIRE, wherein the first electrode (106) of the element is the gate electrode (106) of a transistor, and the second electrode (102) of the element is the source electrode (102) of a transistor, and the element has a characteristic that a capacitor portion composed of the insulator (105), the material portion (101), and the gate electrode (106) of the transistor can be charged by the voltage (VGS) applied to the gate electrode (106), or a conductor in which a capacitor portion composed of the insulator, material portion, and gate electrode of the transistor can be charged by a voltage applied to the gate electrode, and the material portion is a porous film or a conductor 1WIRE having a gap space with respect to the total volume of the material portion, or the surface area of ​​the interface where the material portion and the insulator contact each other is larger than the total area of ​​the material portion. The particle accelerator, muon generator, and nuclear fusion system of the present application may include an electric circuit including the 1WIRE. <0071> <Magnetic levitation method for bearings> A known bearing / support means may be used as a part that supports the movable muon target when it is moved. Alternatively, a magnetic levitation type bearing may be used to increase the lifespan.The present system is also being considered for use in outer space, spacecraft, and spaceships. Space can sometimes be a vacuum or a zero-gravity environment, and a rotating muon target that rotates in the vacuum of this zero-gravity environment (or utilizes the zero-gravity environment of outer space while providing magnetic levitation, magnetic transport, movement, levitation control, and levitation mechanisms) can be configured on a spacecraft in outer space, and the rotating muon target can rotate by being inserted so that it passes through a part of a cross section cut in the poloidal direction around the outer periphery of the MERIT ring, as shown in Figure 10. <Utilization of the vacuum and zero-gravity environment of outer space> The present system, the present muon generation unit, the MERIT ring-type particle accelerator and movable muon target and muon capture solenoid shown in Figures 10 to 13, and the nuclear fusion system unit 1F-SYS can utilize the vacuum and zero-gravity environment of outer space for their operation. For example, the accelerator tube and cavity can be evacuated and constructed with strength to withstand the pressure of atmospheric pressure, which may result in a heavy accelerator that uses steel and other materials to ensure strength. On the other hand, outer space is already a high vacuum, and there is no atmosphere or atmospheric pressure, so the accelerator requires fewer strength-enhancing parts and vacuum pumps to maintain the vacuum, and fewer, stronger, and lighter parts are required. This reduces the number of parts and launch weight required to lift components from Earth into space, potentially reducing costs. Therefore, the present nuclear fusion system, particle accelerator, pion-muon generation system, and other devices and systems may be used in outer space. The present system may also be installed in space transportation equipment, spacecraft, space stations, spaceships, and exploration robots as a power source for their movement and operation, or to utilize particles for particle experiments. 10-12, the rotating muon target is disk-shaped, but the shape is not limited to this. For example, as shown in Fig. 13, a target part can be attached to the rotating tip or saw chain of a chainsaw to form a movable muon target part. The muon target part can be rotated by inserting and circulating the saw chain into the accelerator and returning to the chain catcher part so as to pass through a part of a cross section obtained by cutting the outer periphery of the MERIT ring in the poloidal direction, as shown in Fig. 10. The muon target part on the tip can generate pions and muons through collisions with energetic ions, protons, or particles. From the viewpoint of activation, the target part is preferably a light element, and elements with a low Z, such as lithium or carbon, are used.(Elements with a large Z have long half-lives when activated, which raises management costs.) The tip portion can be removed when activated or before the degree of activation becomes too strong, and replaced with a new wedge-shaped or thin tip-shaped muon target. The muon target can be movable and pass through the particle irradiation section in the particle accelerator, FFAG, or MERIT ring of the present invention. <6> <0073> <MT1> Figures 10, 11, 12, and 13 are explanatory diagrams of the particle accelerator / MERIT ring that generates and captures pion muons and irradiates and injects them into a muon utilization system or muon fusion system, a movable protruding / inserted wedge-shaped / thin movable / rotating muon target, a pion-muon generation section that generates pion muons when energetic particles / particle beams collide with the target, a pion-muon generation section, and a muon capture solenoid that captures the pion muons and transports them to the target. ●In this application, we aim to miniaturize the size of a muon-based nuclear fusion system so that it can be mounted on the above-mentioned transportation equipment, and the accelerating cavity of the circular accelerator may be a superconductor, a laser wakefield acceleration type, or a laser-based accelerating cavity. ●Moveable muon targets and rotating muon targets may be replaced unmanned or by machine using a machine or robotic arm to prevent humans from approaching highly activated targets or components. ●The muon target is movable so that replacing the muon target due to target activation or deterioration does not stop the particle accelerator, nuclear fusion system, or power generation system (reducing the downtime mentioned above), and the particle beam is not irradiated onto a single point for a long period of time, but rather the particle beam is irradiated onto other surfaces of the target, dispersing the irradiated area and allowing the target to be used for a long period of time. <MT2> Figure 12 shows an example of a system equipped with two movable targets, a muon capture solenoid, and two muon extraction ports. Muons are then injected into two fusion systems / reactors, and irradiated onto target T1 / fusion reaction point FP within the fusion systems to promote muon fusion (or various muon-related experiments, or muon application experiments in which muons are irradiated onto matter to perform nuclear transmutation of radioactive waste, nuclear fusion, etc.). One of the two extraction ports is deactivated to allow replacement and maintenance of the movable target at that location. Figure 13 shows the movable target catcher section, allowing replacement and maintenance of the movable target.<0074> Symbols etc. <Fig. 10> MU-MOVABLE-TGT: (muon) target part with a movable part that receives the particle beam MU-DISK-TGT: Muon target part, which may be a disk-shaped target part where the part that receives the particle beam is rotatable and movable MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT: A movable target part that may be the disk-shaped muon target part, where the part that receives the beam is thin and the cross-sectional shape becomes thinner towards the outer periphery of the disk, and is wedge-shaped. MU-TGT-BRG: Support means such as bearings for supporting parts that move when moving or rotating, AXIS-TGT-BRG: A rotation axis when moving or rotating 2MU-GEN-ROT-TGT: A target unit part equipped with a means for moving the muon target part and the muon target, and a motor and bearings. 2MU: An example of a muon generation part M1. (It may include a target, accelerator, charge exchange beam injection section, charge adjusting section, proton particle beam injection section, proton particle beam accelerator section, muon capture solenoid, etc.) Muons at M1 may be bound to protons and atomic nuclei to generate (neutral particle beam) muonic atoms MP1. 2MU-ACC-RING: Circular accelerator, particle accelerator 2MU-FFAG: FFAG accelerator 2MU-MERIT-RING: MERIT ring accelerator (The target in the wedge-shaped section may be inserted in a movable manner. A movable muon target that becomes thinner towards the inserted tip may be inserted. The muon target section may be formed on the outer periphery of a rotatable disk or the tip of a chainsaw and be movable. A proton particle beam is irradiated to the inner periphery of the circle, and then circularly and spirally accelerated by the accelerator and ring, transitioning to high energy and high speed on the outer periphery, and then The particles may then be capable of slowing down while colliding with the muon target, which may be movable, and recovering their energy to collide with the target again. (An accelerator in which particles may be slowed down by colliding with a target and move inward, but accelerated again to move to the outer periphery and collide again; an accelerator in which particles are stored, accumulated, and re-accelerated within a ring.) 2MU-FFAG-CS, 2MU-ACC-RING-CS, 2MU-MERIT-RING-CS: A cross section of the accelerator taken between points CSP1 and CSP2, which is a cross section perpendicular to the toroidal direction when the accelerator is likened to a doughnut, or a cross section cut in the poloidal direction.A movable target (e.g., a thin, disk-shaped muon target) inserted into cross section CS of the circular accelerator MERIT ring, where a high-energy particle beam accelerated to high energy on the outer periphery, can be inserted and moved in the direction of the periphery of the accelerator cross section. CS: Cross section CS between points CSP1 and CSP2 (Fig. 12). Replacement and exchange system for the rotating target for muon generation after proton irradiation activation. Two movable muon targets, muon extraction ports, and muon capture solenoids are located inside the accelerator, and one of the extraction ports is shut down, allowing the muon target to be removed and replaced from the accelerator. 2MU-GEN-ROT-TGT: Movable muon target unit system that can be moved, inserted, and ejected inside the accelerator. MUON CAPTURE TRANSPORT SOLENOID: Muon capture and transport solenoid <Fig. 11> 2TGT-EXCHANGE: Device for exchanging movable muon targets with a mechanical robot, target exchange unit 2TGT-EXCHANGE-ARM: Arm unit / robot arm of the exchange unit 2TGT-EXCHANGE-AXIS: Rotation axis of the exchange unit 2TGT-EXCHANGE-MOT: Motor of the exchange unit *It can also be a device like the record exchange unit of a jukebox. TGT EXCANGE ROBOT / ARM: (JUKE BOX MACHINE LIKE) <Fig. 13> An example of a movable muon target, an example with a part that makes the chainsaw-like (or cableway-style / ropeway and lift-style) target movable. CHAIN-CATCHER: The chain catcher part of the chainsaw, which also allows the muon target part MU-MOVABLE-TGT on the saw chain to be replaced by a machine such as a robot arm. Chain-Sow-and-TGT: The guide bar part that guides the saw chain part to which the muon target TGT of the chainsaw is attached. (In Figure 13, the muons may be decelerated by the muon decelerator MUDECE.) <0075> <> <MT1> Rotatable disk-shaped muon target, or rotatable / movable target part MU-MOVABLE-TGT - A muon generation unit equipped with a MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT, a muon target unit, a muon target, and a target (for example, a muon generation unit equipped with a disk-shaped muon target in which the cross section from the inner periphery to the outer periphery of the disk is thick / broad on the outer periphery and thin / narrow / sharp on the outer periphery, or the disk is thick in the center and thin on the outer periphery, (the outer periphery of the disk / wheel is thin / pointed / wedge-shaped pointed disk or grinding wheel or rotary saw shape), and the disk-shaped muon target is a muon generation unit capable of generating pions / pions and muons when a proton beam / particle beam is irradiated onto a point on the outer periphery of the circle of a circular accelerator or its surrounding area. <MT2> A muon generation unit according to MT1, which has a target unit made of lithium / carbon (a material with a low atomic number Z) that is capable of generating pions / muons. Muon generation unit. <MT3> A muon generation unit in which the muon target unit is dynamic and movable, or a muon generation unit (・muon target) that can move the muon target unit and distribute the activated parts on a disk or plate. <MTEX1> A muon generation unit in which the muon target can be replaced by a machine or tool, and in which a rotatable disk-shaped muon target or a rotatable and movable target unit (MU-MOVABLE-TGT, MU-WEDGE-DISK-TGT) is used in the replaceable accelerator (・muon generation unit, muon fusion system). <MERMT1> The target unit of the rotatable and movable target unit MU-MOVABLE-TGT described in MT1 is rotated so that part of the outer periphery is perpendicular to the circumferential and toroidal directions of the MERIT ring, FFAG ring, circular accelerator, or doughnut-shaped accelerator. An accelerator (target, muon generator, muon fusion system, transportation equipment equipped with a muon fusion system) that can insert, remove, or place the muon target in the cross section to be cut (cross section cut in the poloidal direction, poloidal cross section) through which the orbit of the proton beam or particle beam passes.<MERLSR1> (For the purpose of miniaturizing the accelerator cavity) A method of accelerating protons using laser plasma; laser plasma-driven ion and electron acceleration; laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA); an accelerator using the ponderomotive force of a laser (a muon generator; a muon fusion system; and a transportation device equipped with a muon fusion system). <0076> <<Addendum based on applications claiming priority>> The following items have been added to the previous applications, Patent Application Nos. 2023-150635, 2023-151787, 2023-174791, 2023-196029, and 2023-196327. (This application is a concept and requires demonstration.) <<<Description of Raw Materials and Fuel Materials for Muon Fusion Systems and Muon Transmutation Systems>>> <Modes for Carrying Out the Invention> <Electronegativity: A relative measure of the strength with which an atom attracts electrons> Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atomic nucleus to attract electrons and negative charges. According to Allen's electronegativity, fluorine electrons have a higher electronegativity than helium atoms, and are expected to be more likely to attract electrons and muons. Therefore, according to Allen's electronegativity, when muons are irradiated onto hydrogen fluoride to cause nuclear fusion and produce helium, the muons may be more likely to be attracted to the fluorine in the hydrogen fluoride than the helium produced after nuclear fusion, in terms of electronegativity. From this perspective, the present invention also allows for the injection of muons into hydrogen fluoride (or liquid or gaseous hydrogen fluoride) to promote nuclear fusion. <From the perspective of effective nuclear charge> Regarding effective nuclear charge, the effective nuclear charge felt by the 1S orbital is [helium He: 1.688, hydrogen H: 1.000, lithium Li: 2.691, beryllium Be: 3.685, boron B: 4.680, carbon C: 5.673, nitrogen N: 6.665, oxygen: 7.658, fluorine F: 8.650, neon Ne: 9.642, sodium Na: 10.626, potassium K: 18.490, rubidium Rb: 36.208, cesium Cs: larger than Rb].In terms of effective nuclear charge, when a fusion reaction occurs in which muons are injected into a system containing boron or nitrogen (and hydrogen) to produce helium, the effective nuclear charge of the fusion fuel boron or nitrogen is greater than that of the fusion product helium. Muons are expected to be attracted to boron or nitrogen, which have a greater effective nuclear charge than helium, and therefore may be used in the present fusion system. Regarding fusion reaction systems, the present invention may use fusion reaction systems in which the effective nuclear charge of the fusion fuel nuclei is greater than that of the fusion product nuclei. (Fusion reaction systems may also be used that have source atoms used for fusion with an effective nuclear charge greater than that of the nuclei produced by fusion.) <Perspective of muon fusion in molecules with chain or polymeric structures> <Chain or polymeric boron hydrides> Boron atoms may form chain or polymeric structures as hydrides. Furthermore, as mentioned above, compounds of hydrogen, beryllium, and boron exist and may be used. Borane / borohydrides may be used as muon fusion fuel in the present invention. (Examples of borane / borohydrides: BH3, B2H6, B2H2, B2H4, B4H10, B5H9, B5H11, B6H10, B6H12, B10H14, B18H22) In muon-catalyzed fusion, it is necessary to sustain the catalytic reaction and increase the number of muon-catalyzed fusion events between boron and hydrogen per muon. Since it is considered advantageous to achieve a large number of fusion events within a single molecule, the present invention preferably uses chain-like or polymeric boron hydrides with a long number of boron linkages for muon-catalyzed fusion. *Boron exists as a boron hydride anion (e.g., dodecaborate, chemical formula [B12H12]2-). On the other hand, the cation paired with the anion of the dodecaborate may be lithium, sodium, cesium, etc., but from the viewpoint of effective nuclear charge, if cesium or sodium cations are used, which are larger than the effective nuclear charge of boron, there is a risk that the muon fusion will be stopped by being trapped by sodium instead of boron, so for example, lithium cations may be bonded to the boron hydride anion. For the production of this material, the following reaction formulas for 2LiB3H8 and Li2[B12H12] are assumed.5NaBH4 + BF3 -> 2NaB3H8 + 3NaF + 2H2, 2NaB3H8 -> Na2[B12H12] (existing manufacturing examples using Na), 5LiBH4 + BF3 -> 2LiB3H8 + 3LiF + 2H2, 2LiB3H8 -> Li2[B12H12] (examples using Li; verification and study required). Lithium borohydride LiBH4 may also be used as muon fusion fuel in this invention. <Chained or polymeric nitrogen hydrides / azanes> Nitrogen atoms may take on chain or polymeric structures as hydrides. In this invention, azanes may be used as fuel materials for muon fusion. (Examples of azanes: NH3, N2H4, N3H5, N4H6, N5H7, N6H8, N7H9, N8H10, N9H11, N10H12, and azanes with higher numbers of nitrogen atoms.) *Between hydrogen molecules H2 (H2 has a melting point of -259°C and a boiling point of -252.7°C) and nitrogen molecules N2 (N2 has a melting point of -209°C and a boiling point of -195°C), the nitrogen molecules become solid and the hydrogen molecules become gas at temperatures below 209°C, which may make it difficult for N2 and H2 to mix. (It may be difficult to achieve a configuration in which nitrogen and hydrogen molecules are both liquid and close together to promote nuclear fusion.) On the other hand, in the present invention, a hydrogen-nitrogen compound can be used, and nitrogen atoms and hydrogen atoms are bonded and mixed within the compound molecule, which has the advantage of enabling nuclear fusion reactions using nitrogen atoms, hydrogen atoms, and muons to occur within the compound / azane molecule. In the case of boron, the melting point of boron itself is 2076°C, so it cannot coexist with gaseous hydrogen molecules at 2076°C. Therefore, in this application, hydrogen and boron are chemically bonded to form boron hydride, and muons are then introduced into the boron hydride to bring the hydrogen and boron closer together within the molecule, thereby initiating a nuclear fusion reaction. <From the perspective of muon nuclear fusion of hydrocarbons> When methane (CH4), which consists of 12C and 1H, is irradiated with muons, the hydrogen bonded to carbon-12 undergoes nuclear fusion to form nitrogen-13, which then fuses to form oxygen-14, which then fuses to form fluorine-15. After a short lifetime (1.1 zsec, or 10-21 seconds, or zeptoseconds), fluorine-15 can release one proton (proton emission) and decay to oxygen-14.*If oxygen-14 can be fused with hydrogen again, it may be possible to fuse oxygen-14 with fluorine-15 as described above, and then fluorine-15 may release a proton and return to oxygen-14 as described above. Therefore, fusion fuel using carbon-12 and hydrogen may be used in the muon fusion system of the present invention. When methane, consisting of 13C and 1H, is irradiated with muons, hydrogen fuses with carbon-13 to form nitrogen-14, which then fuses with hydrogen to form oxygen-15, and then hydrogen fuses with hydrogen to form fluorine-16. Fluorine-16 releases a proton and becomes oxygen-15 with a short lifetime (21 zsec, or 10-21 seconds), allowing it to fuse with hydrogen atoms again, releasing a proton and decaying, repeating this cycle. Methane can also be liquefied, and liquefying methane molecules brings them closer together than when they are gaseous, which is expected to make muon-catalyzed reactions more likely. For example, a fusion system in which muons are irradiated onto liquefied methane CH4, consisting of 12C and 1H, may be considered. (In a table of isotope nuclides, if hydrogen is bonded to carbon-12 and the type of element is changed in the horizontal direction (increasing Z by 1), the unstable nuclide fluorine-15 is reached, and it is assumed that a system is formed in which fluorine-15 decays to oxygen-14 and then fuses with hydrogen repeatedly, and this system can be used for muon fusion.) *When hydrogen molecules are irradiated with muons, helium alpha rays are produced which are stable, have a long lifespan, and have an effective nuclear charge greater than that of the hydrogen fuel; the muon-catalyzed fusion reaction is stopped when the muons are trapped in the helium. On the other hand, in this application, for example, when helium is produced by nuclear fusion from hydrogen and boron or nitrogen fuel, the effective nuclear charge of the boron or nitrogen fuel is greater than that of helium, and the intention is to trap the muons in the boron or nitrogen fuel to sustain the catalytic reaction. Furthermore, when muon fusion is performed using hydrogen and carbon-12 as fuel, hydrogen atoms are fused twice with carbon-12 to form oxygen-14, and oxygen-14 is then fused with hydrogen to produce fluorine-15, which then decays to release hydrogen, which has a smaller effective nuclear charge than oxygen-14, as a proton, with the intention of sustaining the muon-catalyzed fusion reaction between oxygen-14 and hydrogen atoms. <Utilization of carbon> Muons can be irradiated onto carbon-12 to promote fusion reactions, spallation reactions, and nuclear transmutation.Carbon-12 is produced from three alpha particles and a helium nucleus (beryllium-8 and helium). However, if the reverse reaction of carbon-12 decomposition into three alpha particles can be induced by irradiation with muons or elementary particles, this reaction may also be used. In this application, a nuclear fusion system or nuclear reactor system may be constructed using a nuclear fusion reaction using carbon and muons. In this application, chain or polymeric carbon compounds may be included in the muon fusion fuel, such as graphite made of carbon-12. <Perspectives on muon irradiation of carbon-12> When carbon-12 is irradiated with muons, the protons in the carbon-12 are converted into neutrons through a weak interaction between the muon and the nucleus, decreasing the atomic number Z by one and potentially becoming boron-12. Boron-12 has two decay modes: the dominant (99.4%) negative beta decay produces carbon-12, while the (0.6%) negative beta decay produces one alpha particle and beryllium-8, which produces two alpha particles with a short half-life. Therefore, when carbon-12 is irradiated with muons, it can undergo positive beta decay, releasing energy while producing two alpha particles via beryllium-8. Therefore, this application may implement or configure a nuclear fusion system, nuclear transmutation system, or experimental system that injects muons into carbon-12. Beryllium-8 may have two helium particles in its nucleus, which stabilizes by decaying into helium particles. Carbon-12 may have three helium particles in its nucleus, which may decay to stabilize by releasing three helium particles and energy through the application of some energy or means. (The idea is that carbon decays to release bond energy, similar to the way that protons and boron fusion release helium and decay into helium, releasing energy.) To produce carbon-12 from helium-3 (via beryllium-8), a Hoyle state is required. The Hoyle state is a state in which the carbon-12 nucleus has an excitation energy of 7.65 MeV. Negative muons are captured by the Coulomb field of the nucleus to form muonic atoms. When a negative muon is captured by an atomic nucleus N(Z, A) with atomic number Z and mass number A, the muon combines with a proton as an elementary process within the nucleus to form a neutron, neutrino, electron neutrino, and muon neutrino.*It is believed that most of the muon's rest mass energy of 106 MeV is carried away by neutrinos as kinetic energy, leaving behind about 10-20 MeV as nuclear excitation energy. *In a muonic nucleus capture reaction of a nucleus with atomic number Z, multiple neutrons are emitted from the compound nuclear excited state (20 to 10 MeV) of the Z-1 nucleus, producing an isotope of the Z-1 nucleus. When a muon is captured by a carbon-12 atom, it becomes boron-12, and can excite the boron-12 nucleus by 20 to 10 MeV. Or it can excite a carbon atom by 20 to 10 MeV. (Boron-12 decays into carbon-12 or beryllium-8 in 20 milliseconds and two alpha particles decay into two alpha particles.) If a muon is captured by carbon-12 and the carbon-12 is excited by more than 10 MeV based on the rest mass energy of the muon, the carbon nucleus will receive energy exceeding the 7.65 MeV excitation energy of carbon-12 to the Hoyle state. The excited carbon-12 may then (if it subsequently decomposes into three helium atoms) emit the energy of the carbon nucleus, a gamma ray, three alpha particles, and a helium nucleus. *Nuclear fusion of boron-11 and a proton can produce three helium-4 atoms and 8.7 MeV of energy via the highly energized, excited carbon-12. In this application, if a muon is irradiated onto carbon-12 to excite it to the Hoyle state, the excited carbon can produce three helium-4 atoms and 8.7 MeV of energy (3.76 + 2 * 2.26 MeV). Based on the above assumptions, the present invention may construct and implement a muon fusion system or muon transmutation system that can generate three alpha rays and energy (gamma rays) when muons are irradiated onto carbon nuclei (carbon-12), which are fusion fuel or transmutation fuel. <From the perspective of carbon-13> Carbon in nature includes carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14. When carbon-13 is irradiated with a muon, the proton in the muon and carbon-13 are converted into a neutron through a weak interaction, potentially reducing the atomic number Z by one and becoming boron-13. Boron-13 has two decay modes: the dominant (99.7%) negative beta decay produces carbon-13, and the (0.2%) positive beta decay produces carbon-12. Carbon-12 is as described above.Muon irradiation of a hydrocarbon compound with a proton bound to carbon-13 can fuse the proton with the carbon-13, producing nitrogen-14, gamma rays, and 7.54 MeV of energy, which may be used in the nuclear fusion and nuclear transmutation systems of the present invention. While unlikely, muon fusion of two carbon-12 atoms can produce magnesium-24, gamma rays, and 13.3 MeV of energy. Since 13.3 MeV exceeds the 7.65 MeV excitation energy of carbon-12 to the Hoyle state, if this energy is used for excitation, carbon-12 can be placed in the Hoyle state and a muon can be present. The excited carbon-12 (if it subsequently decomposes into three helium atoms) may generate the energy of the carbon nucleus when it was bound, gamma rays, and three alpha rays and helium nuclei. (However, in this reaction between carbon atoms, atoms with a larger Z value than carbon, such as magnesium, are likely to be produced, which would trap the muon. If atoms with a larger Z value than carbon, such as magnesium, are unlikely to be produced, the carbon-12 that is excited to become a muonic carbon atom by muon irradiation may (if it subsequently proceeds in the direction of decomposing into three helium atoms) generate and output the energy it had when it was bonded, gamma rays, and three alpha rays and helium nuclei. Carbon allotropes made of carbon-12, such as graphite, graphene, and diamond, hexagonal carbon nitride in which carbon-12 is replaced with nitrogen-14, and boron nitride, which does not contain carbon, are also possible. When muons are irradiated onto each elemental BN, differences may arise due to the presence or absence of carbon-12 and whether or not carbon-12 is nearby. <From the perspective of nearby carbon atoms and excited carbon atoms> When carbon-12 is irradiated with a muon, it becomes an excited carbon atom 12C* and decays into three alpha rays. By transferring that excitation energy (or the muon and excitation energy) to the next adjacent carbon-12 atom, excited carbon-12 atoms (12C*) can be excited and generated one after another in succession, and the 12C* can then decay into helium-4, and this process may allow for continued extraction of energy through the nuclear transmutation of carbon-12 into helium.For example, if a polymer of hydrocarbon molecules (alkanes, paraffins, alkenes, olefins, polyacetylenes) containing carbon-12 carbon chains and hydrogen is irradiated with muons, the carbon-12 and the muon will bond to generate muonic carbon-12 atoms excited from the ground state. These atoms then possess energy levels equal to or greater than the Hoyle state, generating three helium atoms, thereby generating energy through nuclear transmutation. This may be used in the nuclear transmutation system of the present application and in energy generation and power generation systems that utilize the system. When a hydrocarbon molecule polymer containing carbon-12 carbon chains is irradiated with muons, the carbon-12 atoms within the molecule will bond with the muon to generate excited carbon-12*, which then decays to helium. If the energy required for muon and carbon atom excitation can be transferred to adjacent carbon-12 atoms within the polymer, a reaction (using the muon as a nuclear transmutation catalyst) can be carried out to sequentially transmute adjacent carbon-12 atoms within the polymer into helium (intramolecular muon-catalyzed nuclear transmutation reaction). For example, when this polymer is used in place of gas molecules such as borane or methane, the carbon atoms bonded to each other within the polymer have the advantage of being closer together, reducing the distance required to transfer a muon (or the excitation energy of a muon and a carbon atom) to the next atom, compared to transferring a muon between other gas or liquid molecules (e.g., methane) that are physically farther apart. Since the present invention considers it advantageous to achieve a high number of nuclear transmutations within a single molecule, nuclear transmutation can be promoted by irradiating a polymer of hydrocarbon molecules containing carbon chains and hydrogen, including carbon-12, with muons. If excited carbon-12 (12C*) is like an exciton, the excited state may be transferred (quantum mechanically tunneled) between adjacent excited atoms and ground atoms through resonance and energy exchange (such as the inter- and intramolecular energy transfer of excitons in photosynthesis, or the excitation energy transfer of excitons in resonance energy transfer (Förster mechanism) or charge transfer (Dexter mechanism)), and the excitation energy and the excited carbon-12 state may be transferred to adjacent carbon atoms, resulting in the nuclear transmutation of carbon-12 to helium-4. (For example, in the Förster mechanism, the Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency / FRET efficiency changes inversely proportional to the sixth power of the interatomic / intermolecular distance between the donor and acceptor, and the smaller the distance, the higher the FRET efficiency.In the present invention, if a donor carbon-12 (C*) excited by a muon transfers excitation energy to another acceptor carbon-12, the shorter the distance, the more efficient the transfer of the excitation energy. In one embodiment of the present invention, to shorten the distance, carbon-12 atoms may be bonded together to form a molecule, shortening the distance between the carbon-12 atoms, and then irradiating the molecule with a muon. <Configuration using carbon and hydrogen> For example, (although it is unclear whether a reaction will occur below and it is assumed that nuclear fusion simply increases the number of neutrons and protons in the atomic nucleus), if deuterium D (H) is bonded to carbon-13 (C), muon fusion can be achieved, producing nitrogen-15 (N). Nitrogen-15 is also expected to react with hydrogen and undergo nuclear fusion, and may be used in the nuclear fusion system of the present invention. If tritium T (H) is bonded to carbon-12 (C), muon fusion can be achieved, producing nitrogen-15 (N). For example, muon fusion fuel (aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons consisting of carbon-13 and deuterium) [(C)(H), where n is the carbon number], which uses carbon-13 for the carbon atom and deuterium for the hydrogen atom, may be used in the muon fusion system of the present invention. Methane and other aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons consisting of carbon-13 and deuterium can undergo muon fusion with the n carbon-13 atoms in the molecule to produce nitrogen-15, which can then fuse with the remaining hydrogen atoms in the molecule. Therefore, they may be used in the muon fusion system of the present invention. Nitrogen-15 and protons can undergo fusion to produce carbon-12, helium-4, and energy. Methane and other aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons [(14C6)n(1H1)2n+2], which are composed of carbon-14, hydrogen, and protons, can undergo muon nuclear fusion between the n carbon-14 atoms and hydrogen atoms in the molecule to produce nitrogen-15, which can then undergo nuclear fusion with the hydrogen atoms remaining in the molecule, and so can be used in the muon nuclear fusion system of the present invention. <Examples> <NCT1> A nuclear transmutation system characterized by injecting and irradiating muons into carbon-12 to convert it into helium-4. <NCT2> A power generation system that uses the energy generated by the nuclear transmutation system described in NCT1. <NCT3> A nuclear transmutation system characterized by injecting muons into carbon atoms.<NCT4> A nuclear transmutation system using muons, characterized in that the atomic number Z or effective nuclear charge (of the 1S orbital) of atom A, which serves as the raw material for nuclear transmutation during nuclear transmutation, is greater than the atomic number Z or effective nuclear charge (of the 1S orbital) of atom X, which is produced after the nuclear transmutation of the atom. <CMF1> A nuclear fusion system characterized in that a muon is injected into a carbon atom. <CMF2> A muon nuclear fusion system characterized in that a muon is injected into a compound or molecule of carbon and hydrogen. <CMF3> A muon nuclear transmutation system characterized in that a muon is injected into a compound or molecule of carbon and hydrogen to convert carbon nuclei into other atomic nuclei. <ACM1> A muon nuclear transmutation system that uses a muon to fuse atoms A and B, producing atom X. <ACM2> A nuclear transmutation system as described in ACM1, characterized in that gallium-68, copper-63, silver-107, gold-197, platinum-195 (or the like) are obtained from atom X after atom X is generated using atom A, atom B, and a muon, or from atom Y obtained by decaying atom X. <ACM3> An atom produced using the nuclear transmutation system as described in ACM2. <0077> <<<< Description Regarding Muon Targets and Meson Generation Devices >>> <Problem> When using a carbon material or bulk carbon target with carbon atoms as a muon target, there is a problem that the carbon atoms become highly activated after being irradiated with high-energy protons. Similar problems may arise when beryllium or lithium is used as the target. We would like to devise a system that makes muon targets less likely to be activated. Furthermore, when a muon target undergoes a knockout reaction, the nuclei within ...

Claims

1. A nuclear transmutation system having a feature of being able to slow down muon particles, or muon particles generated by cosmic rays, or cosmic ray muon particles, using a decelerator, and capable of binding the muons slowed down by the decelerator to source atoms to be transmuted, wherein the decelerator uses a laser wake field, or an electric field, or a magnetic field, or an electric field within a material, or a magnetic field within a material, or a multiply stacked capacitor or stacked capacitor, or an electric field generated by a capacitor, or a material, or a material containing source atoms to which the muons slowed down in muon transmutation are to be bound, or a dielectric material, or an insulator material, or an ionization cooling, or a friction cooling, wherein the muons slowed down by the decelerator can be transported to the source atoms, or can connect the decelerator to source atoms, or can bind to source atoms provided in the decelerator, or can bind to source atoms included in the decelerator.

2. A nuclear transmutation system according to claim 1, further comprising a step of transmuting atoms into atoms having atomic numbers smaller than those of the source atoms to be transmuted.

3. A nuclear transmutation system according to claim 2, wherein the source atoms are atoms of boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine, and the system further comprises a step of irradiating and injecting the decelerated muons into the source atoms.

4. A nuclear transmutation system equipped with a muon particle decelerator having the characteristic of being able to decelerate muon particles generated using cosmic rays or cosmic ray muon particles using the decelerator.

5. A nuclear transmutation system according to claim 4, capable of binding said muons slowed down by said decelerator to source atoms to be transmuted.

6. A nuclear transmutation system as described in claim 4, characterized in that the first source atoms, which are hydrogen atoms, helium atoms, lithium atoms, beryllium atoms, boron atoms, carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, fluorine atoms, neon atoms, sodium atoms, and atoms A to be subjected to atomic nuclear fusion, and the second source atoms, which are hydrogen atoms, helium atoms, lithium atoms, beryllium atoms, boron atoms, carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, fluorine atoms, neon atoms, sodium atoms, and atoms B to be subjected to atomic nuclear fusion, are nuclear transmuted using the decelerated cosmic muons.

7. The nuclear transmutation system according to claim 4, characterized in that the first source atoms, which are hydrogen atoms, and the second source atoms, which are lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine atoms, are nuclear transmuted using the decelerated cosmic muons.

8. A nuclear transmutation system according to claim 4, further comprising a step of transmuting atoms into atoms having atomic numbers smaller than those of the source atoms to be transmuted.

9. The nuclear transmutation system according to claim 4, wherein the source atoms are atoms of boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine, and the system further comprises a step of irradiating and injecting the decelerated muons into the source atoms.

10. A nuclear transmutation system for muon nuclear fusion or muon nuclear transmutation using a nuclear fusion reaction system characterized in that the charge of the nuclei of atoms / particles produced by a nuclear fusion reaction is smaller than the charge of the nuclei of atoms / particles of a fusion fuel material, the fusion fuel material containing boron atoms, the fusion fuel material being a muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system using non-solid boron hydride or liquid or gaseous boron hydride, the nuclear transmutation system according to claim 1 including a muon catalyzed nuclear fusion system having a process of irradiating and injecting the decelerated muons into the boron hydride, and a process of compressing the boron hydride irradiated and injected with the muons.

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