Electric machine (embodiments)

Abstract

The group of inventions relates to electrical engineering and can be used in devices for converting electrical energy. The technical result consists in an increase in energy efficiency, reliability and durability. An electric machine includes a stator made of a non-magnetic material, which also forms a housing of the electric machine, said stator comprising at least two pairs of separate cores spaced apart along the axis of the electric machine, with a winding wound in a transverse direction in relation to the axis of the electric machine. End shields are made of a non-magnetic material. In a first embodiment, a rotor has a non-magnetic shaft, on which are mounted two cores with squirrel cage windings. In a second embodiment, the rotor has a non-magnetic shaft, on which are mounted two armatures with permanent magnets. In a third embodiment, the rotor has a non-magnetic shaft, on which are mounted two cores with windings and collector rings.

Description

Electric machine (options)

[0001] The group of inventions relates to electrical engineering and can be used to convert electrical energy.

[0002] A three-phase asynchronous motor is known from the prior art, comprising a housing with a stator and a rotor on a shaft mounted on supports in the side shields of the housing (Electrical Engineering: textbook / Yu. M. Borisov, D. N. Lipatov, Yu. N. Zorin. - 3rd ed., stereotyped. - St. Petersburg: BHV-Petersburg, 2012. - 592 p: ill., Fig. 10.1, p. 426).

[0003] In addition, an asynchronous machine with a squirrel-cage rotor is known from the prior art, consisting of a shaft and a magnetic circuit, in the slots of which a non-insulated multiphase squirrel-cage winding is placed, while the asynchronous machine contains a stator, which consists of a magnetic circuit, a three-phase opposite-pole winding, bearing shields and a housing in which the squirrel-cage rotor, stator and bearing shields are placed (Ivanov-Smolensky A.V. Electrical Machines. In 2 volumes. Volume 1: Textbook for universities. - 2nd ed., revised and enlarged. Moscow: MPEI Publishing House, 2004. Pp. 470-475).

[0004] Also, an electric motor is known from the prior art according to patent RU No. 2565753 C1, IPC H02K 5 / 167, H02K 7 / 08, F16C 25 / 04, F16C 27 / 00, published 20.10.2015, which includes a housing with a stator and a rotor on a shaft mounted on supports in the side shields of the housing, wherein one of the supports is made in the form of an elastic mounting ring, and the other in the form of a self-aligning bearing.

[0005] A disadvantage of the design of asynchronous machines with a squirrel-cage rotor is the presence of frontal parts of the stator winding, which are associated with electrical losses and an increase in the mass and size characteristics of the electric machine. The above-mentioned frontal parts work passively and are only necessary to collect the required number of ampere-turns of the working part of the winding, located in the slots of the stator magnetic circuit.

[0006] To understand the essence of the claimed invention, it is necessary to explain that the classic asynchronous electric machine 2p=2 has not one air gap between the stator and the rotor, but two air gaps, since the opposing electromagnetic fields of the coils of the same phases divide the stator and rotor into two halves.

[0007] In the claimed electric machine, the coils of the magnetic cores of the same phases create an electromagnetic field of one direction, therefore, between the magnetic cores of the stator and each of the rotors there is only one air gap. Consequently, with equal induced power in the rotor of a classic asynchronous electric machine and in two rotors of the claimed electric machine, the losses in the air gaps are equal.

[0008] The first embodiment of the claimed device according to paragraph 1 of the formula provides for the design of an electric machine, including a rotor with a non-magnetic shaft, on which two magnetic cores with short-circuited windings of the "squirrel cage" type are installed. In addition, the electric machine according to the first embodiment includes a stator made of a non-magnetic material, which is also the body of the electric machine, wherein the stator contains at least two pairs of separate magnetic cores containing a winding wound in the transverse direction relative to the axis of the electric machine, and the bearing shields are made of a non-magnetic material or of a magnetic material, but with an air gap.

[0009] The second embodiment of the claimed device according to paragraph 2 of the formula provides for the design of an electric machine, including a rotor with a non-magnetic shaft, on which two anchors with permanent magnets are installed. In addition, the electric machine according to the second embodiment includes a stator made of a non-magnetic material, which is also the body of the electric machine, wherein the stator contains at least two pairs of separate magnetic circuits containing a winding wound in the transverse direction relative to the axis of the electric machine, and the bearing shields are made of a non-magnetic material or of a magnetic material, but with an air gap.

[0010] The third embodiment of the claimed device according to paragraph 3 of the formula provides for the design of an electric machine, including a rotor with a non-magnetic shaft, on which two magnetic cores with windings and slip rings are installed. In addition, the electric machine according to the third embodiment includes a stator made of a non-magnetic material, which is also the body of the electric machine, wherein the stator contains at least two pairs of separate magnetic cores containing a winding wound in the transverse direction relative to the axis of the electric machine, and the bearing shields are made of a non-magnetic material or of a magnetic material, but with an air gap.

[0011] The technical results achieved through the use of the claimed device according to points 1, 2, 3 of the invention formula are:

[0012] 1. reduction of the consumed power of an electric machine without reducing the electromagnetic power;

[0013] 2. reduction of magnetic losses of the electric machine;

[0014] 3. reduction of additional losses of the electric machine;

[0015] 4. reduction of mechanical losses of the electric machine;

[0016] 5. increasing the starting torque of an electric machine;

[0017] 6. reduction of starting current of an electric machine;

[0018] 7. increasing the electromagnetic power of the electric machine;

[0019] 8. elimination of beats of the rotor of an electric machine;

[0020] 9. reduction of the mass and dimensions of the electric machine;

[0021] 10. increasing the reliability and durability of the electric machine;

[0022] 11. reducing the noise level during operation of an electric machine;

[0023] 12. increase in power factor cosφ1;

[0024] 13. increase in efficiency;

[0025] 14. increasing the useful power at the output of the electric machine.

[0026] 15. reduction of the rated operating current of the electric machine;

[0027] 16. reducing the heating of the electric machine during its operation.

[0028] The technical results of the group of claimed inventions, characterized in independent paragraphs 1, 2, 3 of the invention formula, are achieved due to the design features of the electric machine, its electromechanical circuit: due to separate magnetic circuits of the stator and rotor of the electric machine.

[0029] The essence of the claimed technical solution is explained by drawings (Fig. 1-Fig. 29), which depict a device - an electric machine.

[0030] List of positions on the drawings:

[0031] 1 - a stator made of non-magnetic material, which is also the body of the electric machine;

[0032] 2 - stator magnetic circuit spacers;

[0033] 3 - stator magnetic circuit winding;

[0034] 4 - stator magnetic circuit;

[0035] 5 - non-magnetic rotor shaft;

[0036] 6 - rotor magnetic circuit;

[0037] 7 - short-circuited rotor winding rod of the squirrel cage type;

[0038] 8 - conducting rings of the short-circuited rotor winding of the squirrel cage type;

[0039] 9 - rotor winding;

[0040] 10 - control unit;

[0041] 11 - permanent magnets;

[0042] 12 - slip rings;

[0043] 13 - left bearing shield;

[0044] 14 - right bearing shield;

[0045] 15 - through cuff cover;

[0046] 16 - blind cuff cover;

[0047] 17 - rolling bearing;

[0048] 18 - cuff;

[0049] 19 - winding terminal box cover;

[0050] 20 - fastening elements of the left and right bearing shields;

[0051] 21 - fastening elements of blind and through cuff covers;

[0052] 22 - beginning of winding A;

[0053] 23 - end of winding A;

[0054] 24 - beginning of winding B;

[0055] 25 - end of winding B;

[0056] 26 - beginning of winding C;

[0057] 27 - end of winding C;

[0058] 28 - non-magnetic insert.

[0059] Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 show embodiments of an electric machine having a non-magnetic rotor shaft 5 with two magnetic cores 6 with short-circuited squirrel-cage type windings installed on it.

[0060] Fig. 5, Fig. 6 show embodiments of an electric machine with rotors having an inductive winding 9 and a control unit 10 located on the shaft of the rotor 5 of the electric machine. The control unit 10 short-circuits the windings 9 or opens them depending on the operating mode of the electric machine. With an open winding 9, the electric machine operates as a synchronous reactive motor. With a closed winding 9 of the rotor, the electric machine operates as a synchronous motor. The rotors are transformed into permanent electromagnets fed by the electric field of the stator.

[0061] Fig. 7, Fig. 8 show embodiments of an electric machine with rotors having two windings: one winding of the "squirrel cage" type and the second - an inductive winding. The winding of the "squirrel cage" type can be double, external and internal, or external with recessed rods. The inductive winding operates with the control unit 10, located on the shaft of the rotor 5 of the electric machine.

[0062] When the inductive winding of the rotors is open, the machine operates in asynchronous mode. When the winding is closed, it operates in synchronous mode. In this case, the winding, made according to the "squirrel cage" type, serves as a damper winding.

[0063] In the synchronous mode, the rotors are permanent electromagnets excited by the electromagnetic field of the stator. The design of the stator 1 allows this to be done, since the positive and negative half-periods of the phases are strictly sequential, feeding the inductive winding of the rotor (there are no counter electromagnetic fields). The magnetic cores of the rotor 6 after thickening around the shaft 5 have an angle of inclination from 0 to 45° relative to the axis of the shaft 5 of the electric machine and the magnetic core of the stator 4, or the magnetic cores of the stator 4 themselves have this angle.

[0064] The rods 7 of the winding, made according to the “squirrel cage” type, are straight, parallel to the magnetic circuit 6.

[0065] In the synchronous operating mode, it is possible to regulate the power of the electric machine by changing the circuits of the windings of the stator magnetic circuit 3 and the rotor winding 9 (Fig. 6, Fig. 8, Fig. 12).

[0066] 1. Windings of the stator magnetic circuit 3 and windings of the rotor 9:

[0067] a) star or triangle;

[0068] b) in series or in parallel;

[0069] 2. Rotor windings 9:

[0070] a) short-circuited in series;

[0071] b) short-circuited in parallel.

[0072] Fig. 9, Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 23, Fig. 24 show embodiments of an electric machine in accordance with paragraph 2 of the formula of the claimed invention, which provides for the design of an electric machine including a rotor with a non-magnetic shaft 5, on which two anchors with permanent magnets 11 are installed.

[0073] Fig. 15, Fig. 16, Fig. 17, Fig. 18 show embodiments of an electric machine in accordance with paragraph 3 of the formula of the claimed invention, which provides for the design of an electric machine including a rotor with a non-magnetic shaft 5, on which two magnetic cores 6 with windings 9 and slip rings 12 are installed.

[0074] Fig. 19, Fig. 20, Fig. 21, Fig. 22, Fig. 28, Fig. 29 show embodiments of an electric machine having a non-magnetic rotor shaft 5 with two magnetic cores 6 without winding installed on it.

[0075] Fig. 25 shows a general view of the electric machine.

[0076] Fig. 26, Fig. 27 show diagrams of the series connection of pairs of magnetic circuit coils 4 of the stator 1 of the same phases.

[0077] The operation of the claimed electric machine is based on the same electrophysical laws as the operation of a classic three-phase asynchronous electric motor 2p=2 with one rotor and one common stator magnetic circuit.

[0078] The first embodiment of the claimed device according to paragraph 1 of the formula provides for the design of an electric machine including a rotor with a non-magnetic shaft 5, on which two magnetic cores 6 with short-circuited windings of the "squirrel cage" type are installed (see Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4). In addition, the electric machine according to the first embodiment includes a stator 1 made of a non-magnetic material, which is also the housing of the electric machine, wherein the stator 1 contains at least two pairs of separate magnetic cores 4 containing a winding 3 wound in the transverse direction relative to the axis of the electric machine, and the bearing shields 13, 14 are made of a non-magnetic material or of a magnetic material, but with an air gap.

[0079] The stator 1, which is also the body of the electric machine, can have a cylindrical shape with internal longitudinal grooves of a trapezoidal-rectangular shape, with threaded holes.

[0080] The magnetic cores of the stator 4 are made of laminated ferromagnetic electrical steel with holes for fastening the spacers 2 of the magnetic core of the stator 4. The winding 3 of the magnetic cores 4 of the stator 1 is made of copper or aluminum insulated winding wire.

[0081] The installation of winding 3 of magnetic cores 4 into stator 1 of the electric machine is carried out by attaching spacers 2 to magnetic cores 4, then laying and strengthening windings 3 is carried out, after which the stator 1 of the electric machine is heated to expand the slots, then the magnetic cores 4 are installed into the slots of stator 1.

[0082] The installation of winding 3 of magnetic cores 4 into stator 1 of an electric machine can be performed in an alternative way: spacers 2 are attached to magnetic cores 4, then windings 3 are laid and strengthened, after which cooling of magnetic cores 4 is performed, or heating of stator 1 and cooling of magnetic cores 4 are performed simultaneously, then installation of magnetic cores 4 into slots of stator 1 is performed.

[0083] Dismantling of magnetic circuits 4 of stator 1 for replacement of windings 3 is carried out by drilling spacers 2 along the slots in order to weaken them, after which magnetic circuits 4 are removed from the slots.

[0084] The rotor magnetic circuits 6 are made of laminated ferromagnetic electrical steel. The rods 7 and conductive rings 8 of the short-circuited rotor winding of the "squirrel cage" type are made of aluminum or copper. The rods 7 of the short-circuited rotor winding of the "squirrel cage" type have an angle of inclination from 0° to 45° relative to the axis of the shaft of the electric machine and the magnetic circuits of the stator 4.

[0085] The assembly (fitting) of the rods 7 of the short-circuited winding of the squirrel cage rotor with the magnetic cores of the rotors 6 onto the shaft 5 is performed in compliance with the requirement of coaxiality.

[0086] The non-magnetic shaft 5 of the rotor may be hollow or non-hollow, i.e. not have a through hole (as shown in Fig. 1 - Fig. 26, Fig. 28, Fig. 29).

[0087] Bearing shields 13, 14 have holes for fastening (not shown in the drawings). The connection of bearing shields 13, 14 with the stator 1 is carried out using fasteners: bolts, screws, self-tapping screws, which can be made of non-magnetic or magnetic metals.

[0088] The second embodiment of the claimed device according to paragraph 2 of the formula provides for the design of an electric machine including a rotor with a non-magnetic shaft 5, on which two anchors with permanent magnets 11 are installed (see Fig. 9, Fig. 10, Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 23, Fig. 24). In addition, the electric machine according to the second embodiment includes a stator 1 made of a non-magnetic material, which is also the body of the electric machine, wherein the stator 1 contains at least two pairs of separate magnetic circuits 4 containing a winding 3 wound in the transverse direction relative to the axis of the electric machine, and the bearing shields 13, 14 are made of a non-magnetic material or of a magnetic material, but with an air gap,

[0089] The stator 1, which is also the body of the electric machine, can have a cylindrical shape with internal longitudinal grooves of a trapezoidal-rectangular shape, with threaded holes.

[0090] The magnetic cores of the stator 4 are made of laminated ferromagnetic electrical steel with holes for fastening the spacers 2 of the magnetic core of the stator 4.

[0091] The winding 3 of the magnetic cores 4 of the stator 1 is made of copper or aluminum insulated winding wire.

[0092] The installation of winding 3 of magnetic cores 4 into stator 1 of the electric machine is carried out by attaching spacers 2 to magnetic cores 4, then laying and strengthening windings 3 is carried out, after which the stator 1 of the electric machine is heated to expand the slots, then the magnetic cores 4 are installed into the slots of stator 1.

[0093] The installation of winding 3 of magnetic cores 4 into stator 1 of an electric machine can be performed in an alternative way: spacers 2 are attached to magnetic cores 4, then windings 3 are laid and strengthened, after which cooling of magnetic cores 4 is performed, or heating of stator 1 and cooling of magnetic cores 4 are performed simultaneously, then installation of magnetic cores 4 into slots of stator 1 is performed.

[0094] Dismantling of magnetic circuits 4 of stator 1 for replacement of windings 3 is carried out by drilling spacers 2 along the slots in order to weaken them, after which magnetic circuits 4 are removed from the slots.

[0095] The magnetic cores of rotor 6 are made of laminated ferromagnetic electrical steel or other material.

[0096] The non-magnetic shaft 5 of the rotor may be hollow or non-hollow, i.e. not have a through hole (as shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 26, Fig. 28, Fig. 29).

[0097] Bearing shields 13, 14 have holes for fastening (not shown in the drawings). The connection of bearing shields 13, 14 with the stator 1 is carried out using fasteners: bolts, screws, self-tapping screws, which can be made of non-magnetic or magnetic metals.

[0098] The third embodiment of the claimed device according to paragraph 3 of the formula provides for the design of an electric machine including a rotor with a non-magnetic shaft 5, on which two magnetic cores 6 with windings 9 and slip rings 12 are installed (see Fig. 15, Fig. 16, Fig. 17, Fig. 18). In addition, the electric machine according to the third embodiment includes a stator 1 made of a non-magnetic material, which is also the housing of the electric machine, wherein the stator 1 contains at least two pairs of separate magnetic cores 4 containing a winding 3 wound in the transverse direction relative to the axis of the electric machine, and the bearing shields 13, 14 are made of a non-magnetic material or of a magnetic material, but with an air gap.

[0099] The stator 1, which is also the body of the electric machine, can have a cylindrical shape with internal longitudinal grooves of a trapezoidal-rectangular shape, with threaded holes.

[0100] The magnetic cores of the stator 4 are made of laminated ferromagnetic electrical steel with holes for fastening the spacers 2 of the magnetic core of the stator 4.

[0101] The winding 3 of the magnetic cores 4 of the stator 1 is made of copper or aluminum insulated winding wire.

[0102] The installation of winding 3 of magnetic cores 4 into stator 1 of the electric machine is carried out by attaching spacers 2 to magnetic cores 4, then laying and strengthening windings 3 is carried out, after which the stator 1 of the electric machine is heated to expand the slots, then the magnetic cores 4 are installed into the slots of stator 1.

[0103] The installation of winding 3 of magnetic cores 4 into stator 1 of an electric machine can be performed in an alternative way: spacers 2 are attached to magnetic cores 4, then windings 3 are laid and strengthened, after which cooling of magnetic cores 4 is performed, or heating of stator 1 and cooling of magnetic cores 4 are performed simultaneously, then installation of magnetic cores 4 into slots of stator 1 is performed.

[0104] Dismantling of magnetic circuits 4 of stator 1 for replacement of windings 3 is carried out by drilling spacers 2 along the slots in order to weaken them, after which magnetic circuits 4 are removed from the slots.

[0105] The magnetic cores of rotor 6 are made of laminated ferromagnetic electrical steel.

[0106] The non-magnetic shaft 5 of the rotor may be hollow or non-hollow, i.e. not have a through hole (as shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 26, Fig. 28, Fig. 29).

[0107] Bearing shields 13, 14 have holes for fastening (not shown in the drawings). The connection of bearing shields 13, 14 with the stator 1 is carried out using fasteners: bolts, screws, self-tapping screws, which can be made of non-magnetic or magnetic metals.

[0108] The electric machine can be made single-phase.

[0109] The electric machine can operate directly from an industrial three-phase electric network with a frequency of 50 Hz, or in combination with a frequency converter.

[0110] Start-up is possible both with the rotor inductive winding closed and with it open.

Claims

An electric machine comprising a stator that contains at least two pairs of separate magnetic circuits, a rotor with a non-magnetic shaft and bearing shields, characterized in that the stator is made of a non-magnetic material and is the housing of the electric machine, the pairs of stator magnetic circuits are spaced along the axis of the electric machine and contain a winding wound in the transverse direction relative to the axis of the electric machine, the bearing shields are made of a non-magnetic material, two magnetic circuits with short-circuited windings of the "squirrel cage" type are installed on the non-magnetic shaft of the rotor. An electric machine comprising a stator that contains at least two pairs of separate magnetic circuits, a rotor with a non-magnetic shaft and bearing shields, characterized in that the stator is made of a non-magnetic material and is the housing of the electric machine, the pairs of stator magnetic circuits are spaced along the axis of the electric machine and contain a winding wound in the transverse direction relative to the axis of the electric machine, the bearing shields are made of a non-magnetic material, and two anchors with permanent magnets are installed on the non-magnetic shaft of the rotor. An electric machine comprising a stator that contains at least two pairs of separate magnetic circuits, a rotor with a non-magnetic shaft and bearing shields, characterized in that the stator is made of a non-magnetic material and is the housing of the electric machine, the pairs of stator magnetic circuits are spaced along the axis of the electric machine and contain a winding wound in the transverse direction relative to the axis of the electric machine, the bearing shields are made of a non-magnetic material, two magnetic circuits with windings and slip rings are installed on the non-magnetic shaft of the rotor.

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