Display module, display system, and vehicle

Abstract

A display module (200), which can be applied to a projection display apparatus, for example, a head-up display system. The display module (200) can eliminate dark-state light leakage in a display device (210), and improve the imaging performance of a display system while improving the contrast of the display system. The display module (200) comprises the display device (210) and a phase compensation element (220). The normal of a light exit plane of the display device (210) and the normal of a light exit plane of the phase compensation element (220) form a first included angle greater than 0, a first coordinate axis of the light exit plane of the display device (210) and a first coordinate axis of the light exit plane of the phase compensation element (220) form a second included angle greater than 0, and a second coordinate axis of the light exit plane of the display device (210) and a second coordinate axis of the light exit plane of the phase compensation element (220) form a third included angle greater than 0. The display device (210) is used for emitting a plurality of first light beams from a plurality of different angles, so that the phase compensation element (220) can compensate for a phase difference of each first light beam among the plurality of first light beams.

Description

Display module, display system and vehicle

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on October 31, 2023, application number 202311442955.8, and application name “A display module, display system and vehicle”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of optical display, and more particularly, to a display module, a display system and a vehicle. Background Art

[0003] With the continuous advancement and development of science and technology, display devices, as important tools for information transmission and display, have undergone a series of innovations and developments, from the earliest mechanical and electronic display methods to modern high-resolution, high-brightness flat-panel display technology. These breakthroughs have not only changed our lifestyles but also profoundly impacted how we work and entertain ourselves. Contrast is a key metric for evaluating display image quality. The higher the contrast, the greater the brightness difference between black and white images, and the better the visual experience for the human eye. However, display devices often suffer from dark-state light leakage, a characteristic that significantly limits the improvement of display system contrast. Therefore, how to reduce the residual dark-state light leakage of display devices to achieve the goal of improving contrast is an urgent problem that needs to be solved.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides a display module, a display system, and a vehicle. The display module provided by the present application can eliminate dark-state light leakage in a display device, thereby improving the contrast of the display system and further improving the imaging performance of the display system.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a display module. The display module includes: a display device and a phase compensation element. The normal line of the light emitting plane of the display device and the normal line of the light emitting plane of the phase compensation element have a first angle greater than 0, the first coordinate axis of the light emitting plane of the display device and the first coordinate axis of the light emitting plane of the phase compensation element have a second angle greater than 0, and the second coordinate axis of the light emitting plane of the display device and the second coordinate axis of the light emitting plane of the phase compensation element have a third angle greater than 0. The display device is used to emit multiple first light beams from multiple different angles; the phase compensation element is used to compensate for the phase difference of each of the multiple first light beams.

[0007] By using a display device and a phase compensation element placed in a three-dimensional tilted state, the phase difference of light beams emitted at multiple angles can be compensated to varying degrees, thereby reducing the residual dark-state light leakage of the display device and achieving the purpose of improving the contrast of the display device.

[0008] In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the display module further includes an anti-reflection element, which is located between the display device and the phase compensation element, and the anti-reflection element is used to reduce the reflected light from the light output plane of the display device.

[0009] Based on the above solution, the anti-reflection element can further weaken the reflected light on the surface of the display device when the phase compensation element is coupled with the display device at a right angle, thereby further reducing the dark field brightness of the display device and improving the contrast.

[0010] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the anti-reflection element is arranged on a surface of the phase compensation element.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the anti-reflection element is arranged on a surface of a light emitting plane of the display device.

[0012] Based on the above solution, the flexibility of display module design can be improved by arranging anti-reflection elements at different positions.

[0013] In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a display system. The display system includes: a light source and a display module as described in the first aspect and any possible implementation of the first aspect. The light source is configured to generate incident light and emit the incident light toward the display module; the display module generates a first image based on the incident light.

[0014] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the display system further includes a microlens array and a first polarization element, the microlens array being located between the light source and the first polarization element, and the first polarization element being located between the microlens array and the display module, the microlens array being used to homogenize the incident light and emit a second light beam after homogenization to the first polarization element; the first polarization element being used to convert the second light beam into first polarized light and emit the first polarized light to the display module; and the display module generating the first image based on the first polarized light.

[0015] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the display system further includes a collimating element, which is located between the light source and the microlens array, and the collimating element is used to collimate the incident light and emit a collimated third light beam to the microlens array; the microlens array is specifically used to homogenize the third light beam and generate the second light beam.

[0016] In conjunction with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the display system further includes a projection module. The display module is configured to emit first image light corresponding to the first image to the projection module; and the projection module is configured to generate a second image based on the first image light.

[0017] In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the display system further includes a second polarization element, which is located between the display module and the projection module, and the second polarization element is used to convert the first image light into second polarized light and emit the second polarized light to the projection module, and the polarization direction of the first polarized light is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second polarized light; the projection module is used to generate the second image based on the second polarized light.

[0018] In combination with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the display system further includes a polarization beam splitter, which is located between the first polarization element and the display module, and the polarization beam splitter element is used to reflect the first polarized light to the display device and transmit the second polarized light to the projection module.

[0019] In a third aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle. The vehicle includes the display system and windshield according to the second aspect and any possible implementation of the second aspect. The projection module is configured to emit second image light corresponding to the second image toward the windshield, and the windshield is configured to reflect the second image light toward a user's eye.

[0020] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle-mounted system, which includes the display system according to the second aspect and any possible implementation of the second aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] FIG1 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of dark-state light leakage generated by LCoS.

[0022] FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first display module 200 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0023] FIG3 is a schematic diagram showing a three-dimensional placement state of a first display module 200 using in-plane angles and out-plane angles according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second display module 400 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] FIG5 is a schematic diagram showing a three-dimensional placement state of a second display module 400 using in-plane angles and out-plane angles according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a light leakage simulation effect provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the contrast effect provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of a third display module 800 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a first display system 900 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a second display system 1000 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a third display system 1100 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of a fourth display system 1200 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth display system 1300 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] FIG14 is a schematic structural diagram of a sixth display system 1400 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0035] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of a HUD system 1500 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of an optical path 1600 of a HUD system provided in an embodiment of the present application when applied to a vehicle.

[0037] FIG17 is a circuit diagram of a display device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] FIG18 is a schematic diagram of a possible functional framework of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solution in this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] The technical solution provided in this application can be applied to the field of display technology, such as direct-view display systems and projection display systems. A direct-view display system is characterized in that the displayed image is presented on a display device, and the user views the image displayed on the display device. The geometric size of the display device is substantially consistent with the size of the displayed image. For example, the color image displayed by a 32-inch liquid crystal display (LCD) is also 32 inches in size. A projection display system is characterized in that the image presented on the display device is also magnified by an optical system (commonly referred to as a light engine or optical machine) and ultimately displayed on a projection screen. Therefore, the size of the projection display device itself is inconsistent with the size of the image that can be displayed. For example, a 0.7-inch or 1.3-inch projection display device can display a 50-inch image. Generally speaking, a projection display system consists of a circuit system, an optical system, an imaging device, a projection lens, and a projection screen. Common projection display systems include head-up display (HUD) systems, home theater projection systems, augmented reality (AR) head-mounted displays, virtual reality (VR) head-mounted displays, etc. In addition, the technical solutions of the present application can also be applied to microscopic imaging systems, etc.

[0041] In order to facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the following explanations are provided.

[0042] First, in the following descriptions or drawings of the embodiments of the present application, terms such as "first," "second," and various numbers are used for ease of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application. For example, "first light beam," "second light beam," and the like are used to distinguish different light beams.

[0043] Second, in the description of the embodiments of this application, "plurality" refers to two or more than two, and "at least one" and "one or more" refer to one, two, or more than two. The singular expressions "a," "an," "the," "the," and "the" are intended to include expressions such as "one or more," unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0044] Third, references to "some embodiments" and the like in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of the present application include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with that embodiment. Thus, phrases such as "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," and "in yet other embodiments" that appear in various places in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "including," "comprising," "having," and variations thereof all mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0045] Fourth, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "front", "upper", and "right" are defined relative to the directions or positions of the components schematically placed in the drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts. They are used for relative description and clarification, rather than indicating or implying that the device or component referred to must have a specific direction, or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. They may change accordingly according to changes in the directions in which the components are placed in the drawings, and therefore cannot be understood as limitations on the present application.

[0046] Fifth, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the embodiments of the present application shown below are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or are inherent to these processes, methods, products or apparatuses.

[0047] Sixth, in the embodiments of this application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. An embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" should not be construed as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. The use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a concrete manner to facilitate understanding.

[0048] Seventh, in the embodiments of the present application, the same reference numerals are used to represent the same components or parts. In addition, the components in the drawings are not drawn to scale, and the sizes and dimensions of the components shown in the drawings are only exemplary and should not be understood as limiting the present application.

[0049] Eighth, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. It should also be understood that terms (such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries) should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant technology and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly defined as such herein.

[0050] Ninth, the present application relates to an anti-reflection coating (AR), also known as an anti-reflection coating or an anti-reflection coating. The film is usually composed of alternating materials of high refractive index and low refractive index. Among them, the film layer with a high refractive index will cause the phase of the light wave to be delayed, and the film layer with a low refractive index will cause the phase of the light wave to be advanced. When light is incident on the surface of the substrate from the external medium, a part of the light wave will be reflected on the surface of the substrate, and the other part will pass through the substrate and be reflected again, thereby interfering with the reflected light on the surface. Therefore, by controlling the thickness and refractive index of each layer, the interference effect at the surface of the substrate is minimized, thereby achieving the purpose of anti-reflection and anti-transmission. An anti-reflection element for reducing reflected light can be formed by coating AR on the substrate.

[0051] Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) is an optical device that uses liquid crystal materials to control the propagation direction and phase of light. In LCoS devices, the orientation of liquid crystal molecules can be adjusted by an electric field, thereby changing the phase and polarization state of the incident light. However, due to the birefringence of liquid crystal materials, LCoS will produce dark state light leakage when it is working. As shown in Figure 1, dark state light leakage is mainly because the LCoS device cannot be an ideal device, and the light beam emitted by the light source has a certain oblique incident angle when it enters the LCoS device. If the internal propagation angle of the light beam in the process of spatial propagation is defined as (δ, σ), and the two mutually perpendicular unit vectors of the LCoS device are c1 and c2, the spatial wave vector of the incident light beam can be written as:

[0052] At this time, the transmittance T of the incident light within the range of c1=x, c2=y after passing through the liquid crystal molecules can be expressed as follows, that is, the dark state leakage light can be expressed as:

[0053] To reduce dark-state light leakage in LCoS devices, several technical measures can be taken, such as increasing the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, changing the orientation of the liquid crystal material, and using materials that suppress birefringence. Furthermore, dark-state light leakage can be reduced by optimizing the design and manufacturing process of LCoS.

[0054] However, these methods have limited ability to reduce dark-state light leakage, and the improvement in contrast is not satisfactory. At the same time, they also face difficulties such as high cost, complex process, lack of mass production, and small scope of application.

[0055] In view of this, an embodiment of the present application provides a display module, which places a suitable phase compensation element in front of a display device and adjusts at least one of the display device and the phase compensation element in three-dimensional coordinates, so that the relative positions of the display device and the phase compensation element present a three-dimensional morphological structure, thereby achieving the purpose of compensating for the phase deviation of the light beam and weakening dark-state light leakage, thereby achieving the effect of improving the display contrast.

[0056] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first display module 200 provided in an embodiment of the present application. Display module 200 includes a display device 210 and a phase compensation element 220. Display device 210 is configured to emit multiple light beams from multiple different angles. Phase compensation element 220 is configured to compensate for the phase difference of each of the multiple light beams emitted by display device 210.

[0057] Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, the light emitting plane of the display device 210 is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the light emitting plane of the phase compensation element 220 is tilted three-dimensionally relative to the horizontal plane. The light emitting plane of the display device 210 is an xoy plane, and the normal of the light emitting plane of the display device 210 is along the z-axis direction. The light emitting plane of the phase compensation element 220 is an x'oy' plane, and the normal of the light emitting plane of the phase compensation element 220 is along the z'-axis direction. The x-axis and the x'-axis have an angle α that is not equal to 0, the y-axis and the y'-axis have an angle β that is not equal to 0, and the z-axis and the z'-axis have an angle γ that is not equal to 0.

[0058] Optionally, the display device 210 is an LCoS display chip or an LCD display chip, which is not limited in this application.

[0059] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the light emitting plane of the display device 210 and the light emitting plane of the phase compensation element are defined by the angle of the dark state leakage light emitted by the display device 210. According to the description in FIG1 above, when the obliquely incident incident light passes through the display device 210, due to the birefringence property of the liquid crystal molecules, some light beams cannot be fully modulated, that is, there is a phase difference between the two mutually perpendicular components of these light beams, resulting in dark state leakage light emission from the display device 210. These emitted light beams are emitted from the display device 210 and are incident on the surface of the phase compensation element 220 (i.e., surface 1 in FIG2), and then the transmitted phase compensation element 220 is emitted from the other surface (i.e., surface 2 in FIG2). Therefore, according to the transmission direction of the light beam generated by the leakage light, the light emitting plane of the display device 210 and the light emitting plane of the phase compensation element 220 are respectively shown in FIG2.

[0060] It can be understood that in the description of the embodiments of the present application, the light emitting plane of the display device 210 and the light emitting plane of the phase compensation element 220 are defined in order to illustrate that the display device 210 and the phase compensation element 220 are set to a three-dimensional tilted state, and the three-dimensional tilted state is defined by the angle between the coordinate axes of the light emitting plane of the display device 210 and the light emitting plane of the phase compensation element 220 and the angle between the normals of the two light emitting planes, that is, different angles can correspond to different three-dimensional tilted states.

[0061] It can also be understood that the three-dimensional tilt state set between the display device 210 and the phase compensation element 220 can also be described by the angle of the incident light. At this time, the incident light plane of the display device 210 is still the xoy plane shown in Figure 2, and the normal direction is perpendicular to the xoy plane and upward. The incident light plane of the phase compensation element 220 is surface 1, and the plane coordinate system of surface 1 is still the x′oy′ plane, but the normal direction is opposite to the normal direction of surface 2.

[0062] It should be noted that, whether for an LCoS display chip (also referred to as a display device) or an LCD display chip, when dark-state light leakage occurs, since the phase compensation element 220 is not parallel to the display device 210 in all three coordinate axis directions, the phase compensation element 220 compensates for different phases of the light beams generated by the dark-state light leakage emitted from the display device 210 at different angles, thereby achieving phase compensation for the light beams generated by the light leakage at various angles. For example, when the display device 210 is an LCoS display chip, the LCoS display chip emits multiple light beams at different angles. Due to the different phase modulation effects of the liquid crystal molecules, the phase differences between the o-light and the e-light in these multiple light beams vary. After these multiple light beams pass through the phase compensation element 220, the three-dimensional coordinates at different positions of the phase compensation element 220 are different. Therefore, after these multiple light beams enter different positions of the phase compensation element 220, the phase compensation effects of the phase compensation element 220 also vary, thereby achieving different phase compensation effects for light beams at different angles.

[0063] It will be appreciated that FIG2 illustrates the case where the light emitting plane of the display device 210 is parallel to the horizontal plane. In this case, the phase compensating element 220 is arranged above the display device 210. In other embodiments, the phase compensating element 220 may be arranged in other directions of the display device 210, such as to the right of the display device 210. In this case, the light emitting plane of the display device 210 is parallel to the xoz plane, and the leakage light beam emitted by the display device 210 is transmitted to the right to the phase compensating element 220. Similarly, other arrangement scenarios are not further described here.

[0064] It can also be understood that since the angles between the display device 210 and the phase compensation element 220 (the angles α, β, and γ in the above description) are not 0, it can be understood that the phase compensation element 220 rotates relative to the display device 210 on the three coordinate axes, so that the phase compensation element 220 and the display device 210 are placed in a three-dimensional space. In addition, in Figure 2, the three-dimensional coordinate system is used to illustrate the state of the three-dimensional placement between the display device 210 and the phase compensation element 220, but the present application is not limited to this. In some other descriptions, the in-plane angle can also be used to illustrate the in-plane angle. The in-plane angle θ and the out-of-plane angle θ illustrate the three-dimensional spatial placement of the display device 210 and the phase compensation element 220. is the rotation angle of any coordinate axis of the light emitting plane of the phase compensation element 220 relative to the corresponding coordinate axis of the light emitting plane of the display device 210. For example, in FIG3 , the in-plane angle The phase compensation element 220 rotates along the y′ axis After that, it coincides with the y-axis of the display device 210. The out-of-plane angle θ is the rotation angle of the light-emitting plane of the phase compensation element 220 relative to a certain projection plane. For example, in Figure 3, the out-of-plane angle θ is the angle after the phase compensation element 220 is rotated θ along the x′oz′ plane until it coincides with the xoz plane of the display device 210.

[0065] Based on the above scheme, the display module provided by the present application can compensate for the dark-state light leakage of the display device by adjusting the different three-dimensional states of the phase compensation element. It can be understood that when the phase compensation element is coupled with the display device at just the right angle, the dark field brightness of the display device can be weakened to the greatest extent.

[0066] FIG4 is a structural schematic diagram of the second display module 400 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The display module 400 includes a display device 210 and a phase compensation element 220. Compared with the display module 200 shown in FIG2 , in FIG4 , the light-emitting plane of the phase compensation element 220 is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the light-emitting plane of the display device 210 is tilted relative to the horizontal plane. At this time, with the light-emitting plane of the phase compensation element 220, that is, the xoy plane, as a reference, the normal of the light-emitting plane of the phase compensation element 220 is along the z-axis, and the display device 210 rotates on all three coordinate axes. That is, the light-emitting plane of the display device 210 is the x′oy′ plane, the x-axis and the x′ axis have an angle α that is not equal to 0, the y-axis and the y′ axis have an angle β that is not equal to 0, and at the same time, the z-axis and the z′ axis have an angle γ that is not equal to 0.

[0067] Similarly, the phase compensation element 220 and the display device 210 may also have other arrangement scenarios. For example, when the phase compensation element 220 is located on the left side of the display device 210, the light emitting plane of the phase compensation element 220 is parallel to the xoz plane, and the leakage light beam emitted by the display device 210 is transmitted to the left to the phase compensation element 220.

[0068] In addition, the internal angle The three-dimensional placement of the display device 210 and the phase compensation element 220 in FIG4 is illustrated by the out-of-plane angle θ, as shown in FIG5. In FIG5, the display device 210 is rotated along the y′ axis by the in-plane angle After the display device 210 rotates along the x′oz′ plane, it coincides with the xoz plane of the three-dimensionally placed phase compensation element 220. The definition of the out-of-plane angle θ can be referred to the relevant description in FIG2 , which will not be repeated here.

[0069] It should be noted that, in the display modules shown in Figures 2 to 4 above, the light-emitting plane and the horizontal plane of a device are used as examples for explanation. For example, in Figures 2 and 3, the light-emitting plane of the display device 210 is a horizontal plane. In Figures 4 and 5, the light-emitting plane of the phase compensation element 220 is a horizontal plane. It is understandable that for more general usage scenarios, the three-dimensional spatial placement state of the display device 210 and the phase compensation element 220 can also be that the light-emitting plane of the display device 210 and the light-emitting plane of the phase compensation element 220 are not parallel to the horizontal plane, and the light-emitting plane of the display device 210 and the light-emitting plane of the phase compensation element 220 are rotated at different angles relative to each coordinate axis (x-axis, y-axis and z-axis in the Cartesian coordinate system). Exemplarily, when the light emitting plane of the display device 210 and the light emitting plane of the phase compensation element 220 are not parallel to the horizontal plane, if the light emitting plane of the display device 210 rotates at angles of α1, β1, and γ1 relative to the x, y, and z coordinate axes, and the light emitting plane of the phase compensation element 220 rotates at angles of α2, β2, and γ2 relative to the x, y, and z coordinate axes, respectively, then, α1 is not equal to α2, β1 is not equal to β2, and γ1 is not equal to γ2.

[0070] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the light leakage simulation effect provided by an embodiment of the present application. In FIG6, a phase compensation plate with a horizontal phase delay Re of 21 nm and a vertical phase delay Rth of 200 nm is used in combination with a twisted nematic (TN) LCOS for simulation. When the LCoS display module does not include a phase compensation plate, there is obvious dark-state light leakage in the angular distribution of light irradiating the LCoS, as shown in FIG6 (a); when the phase compensation plate and the LCoS are placed in a three-dimensional state (LCoS is placed horizontally and the compensation plate is placed tilted; or the compensation plate is placed horizontally and the LCoS is placed tilted), compared with FIG6 (a), the overall dark-state light leakage is further reduced, as shown in FIG6 (b).

[0071] Corresponding to (a) and (b) in Figure 6, Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the contrast effect provided by an embodiment of the present application. When the LCoS display module does not include a phase compensation plate, the entire dark field of the screen can be seen to be bright, as shown in (a) in Figure 7; when the phase compensation plate and the LCoS are placed in a three-dimensional state (LCoS is placed horizontally, the compensation plate is placed at an angle; or the compensation plate is placed horizontally, and the LCoS is placed at an angle), the contrast is significantly improved, and the dark field of the screen becomes significantly darker, as shown in (b) in Figure 7. Therefore, it can be seen that the display module provided by the present application can reduce the dark state light leakage of the display device, thereby achieving the effect of improving the display contrast.

[0072] It should be noted that the data in the above Figure 6 and the simulation results of Figures 6 and 7 are only for illustrating that the solution of the present application can significantly reduce the light leakage phenomenon of the display device and improve the display contrast, and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0073] Because the multiple light beams emitted from the light-emitting plane of the display device 210 may interfere with each other due to multiple reflections and refractions, FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of a third display module 800 provided in an embodiment of the present application to further reduce the reflected light from the light-emitting plane of the display device 210. In FIG8, the display module further includes an anti-reflection element 830, which is located between the display device 210 and the phase compensation element 220 and is used to reduce the reflected light from the light-emitting plane of the display device 210. The functions and related descriptions of the display device 210 and the phase compensation element 220 can be found in FIG2 or FIG4 and will not be repeated here.

[0074] Optionally, the anti-reflection element 810 is an anti-reflection coating (AR) element.

[0075] It should be noted that the present application does not limit the location and number of anti-reflective elements 810. For example, in FIG8 , the anti-reflective elements 810 are arranged on the light-emitting surface of the display device 210. In other embodiments, the anti-reflective elements 810 may also be arranged on the surface 1 of the phase compensation element 220. In other embodiments, the anti-reflective elements 810 may also be arranged on both the surface 1 of the phase compensation element 220 and the light-emitting surface of the display device 210.

[0076] It should also be noted that in FIG8 , the display device 210 and the phase compensation element 220 are parallel, but this application is not limited to this. When one or two anti-reflection elements are provided in the display module, the three-dimensional spatial arrangement between the display device 210 and the phase compensation element 220 can be, as shown in FIG2 , a horizontal placement of the display device 210 and a three-dimensional tilted placement of the phase compensation element 220; or, as shown in FIG4 , a horizontal placement of the phase compensation element 220 and a three-dimensional tilted placement of the display device 210; or, alternatively, a placement of the display device 210 and the phase compensation element 220 at different three-dimensional tilts, which is not limited in this application.

[0077] The display module provided in the embodiment of the present application is described above in conjunction with Figures 2 to 8. Next, some possible structures of the display system provided in the present application are described in conjunction with the display modules shown in Figures 2 to 8 above.

[0078] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a first display system 900 provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 9, the display system 900 includes a light source 910 and a display module 920. The light source 910 is used to generate incident light and emit the incident light to the display module 920. The display module 920 generates a first image based on the incident light and emits the first image light. It is understandable that the display module 920 can be the display module 200 shown in Figure 2 above, or the display module 400 shown in Figure 4, or the display module 600 shown in Figure 6, or other display modules within the scope of protection of this application. In addition, for other descriptions of the display module 920, please refer to the relevant parts above and will not be repeated here.

[0079] It should be noted that, depending on the display device included in the display module 920, the light source 910 can be an array light source composed of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), a laser light source, or a cathode fluorescent tube. For example, when the display device included in the display module 920 is an LCoS, the light source 910 can be a red, green, and blue light-emitting diode light source, or the light source 910 can be a red, green, and blue laser light source, which together with the LCoS constitute an LCoS display system. Alternatively, when the display device included in the display module 920 is an LCD, the light source 910 can be a linear light source of red, green, and blue cold cathode fluorescent tubes, which together with the LCD constitute an LCD display system.

[0080] In order to further enhance the display effect, FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a second display system 1000 provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG10 , the display system 1000 includes a light source 910, a microlens array 1010, a first polarizing element 1020, and a display module 920. The light source 910 is used to generate incident light and emit the incident light to the microlens array 1010. The microlens array 1010 is used to homogenize the incident light and emit a first light beam after homogenization to the first polarizing element 1020. The first polarizing element 1020 is used to convert the first light beam into a first polarized light and emit the first polarized light to the display module 920. The display module 920 generates a first image based on the first polarized light and emits the first image light.

[0081] Compared to the display system 900 shown in FIG9 , the microlens array 1010 in the display system 1000 can shape the incident light beam, making the spot of the first light beam uniform. Optionally, the microlens array 1020 is a fly-eye lens. When the microlens array 1020 is a fly-eye lens, it can be a double-row fly-eye lens or a single-row fly-eye lens, which is not limited in this application.

[0082] In the embodiment of the present application, the first polarizing element 1020 can be selected based on the type of display device in the display module 920. For example, if the display device included in the display module 920 is an LCoS display device, and the LCoS display device is a P-type phase modulation type, the first polarizing element 1020 is a P-line polarizer. If the display device included in the display module 920 is an LCoS display device, and the LCoS display device is an S-type phase modulation type, the first polarizing element 1020 is an S-line polarizer.

[0083] It is understandable that for other descriptions of the light source 910 and the display module 920 , reference may be made to the relevant parts in FIG. 9 , which will not be repeated here.

[0084] To further enhance the light homogenization performance of the microlens array 1010, in some embodiments, a collimating element, such as a collimating lens, may be disposed in front of the microlens array 1010, thereby enhancing the light homogenization performance of the microlens array 1010. As shown in FIG11 , the collimating element 1110 is used to collimate the incident light from the light source 910 and emit the collimated second light beam toward the microlens array 1010, so that the microlens array 1010 homogenizes the second light beam to generate the first light beam.

[0085] It is understandable that the description of other components in the display system 1100 can be referred to the relevant parts above and will not be repeated here.

[0086] It should be noted that when the display module provided in the embodiments of the present application is used in a projection display system, Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth display system 1200 provided in the embodiments of the present application. In Figure 12, the display module 920 emits a first image light toward the projection module 1210, which is configured to generate a second image based on the first image light.

[0087] Optionally, the projection module 1210 is a projection lens composed of one or more lenses, which can magnify the first image and generate an enlarged second image.

[0088] It is understandable that the description of other components in the display system 1200 can be referred to the relevant parts above and will not be repeated here.

[0089] FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth display system 1300 provided in an embodiment of the present application. Compared to FIG12 , in FIG13 , because the first image light emitted by the display module 920 is polarized light, the polarization direction of the first image light is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the first polarized light. Therefore, a polarization beam splitting element 1310, such as a polarization beam splitter, can be provided between the first polarization element 1020 and the display module 920 to reflect the first polarized light and transmit the first image light, thereby achieving the effect of folding the optical path.

[0090] It is understandable that the description of other components in the display system 1300 can be referred to the relevant parts above and will not be repeated here.

[0091] Optionally, to further remove stray light from the first image light, a second polarizing element may be disposed before the first image light enters the polarization beam splitting element 1310, as shown in FIG14 . The polarization direction of the second polarizing element 1410 is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the first polarizing element 1020, and is configured to convert the first image light into fully polarized light.

[0092] It is understandable that the description of other components in the display system 1400 can be referred to the relevant parts above and will not be repeated here.

[0093] It should be noted that the above Figures 9 to 14 are only examples of the display system provided in this application. It should be understood that any display system including the display module provided in the embodiments of this application should be within the scope of protection of this application.

[0094] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of a HUD system 1500 provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG15 , the HUD system 1500 includes a picture generation unit (PGU) 1501, a diffuser screen 1502, a first reflective element 1503, and a second reflective element 1504. The PGU 1501 is used to project image light onto the diffuser screen 1502. The diffuser screen 1502 is used to transmit the image light from the PGU 1501 to the first reflective element 1503 and generate a relay image based on the image light from the PGU 1501. The first reflective element 1503 is used to reflect the image light emitted by the diffuser screen 1502 to the second reflective element 1504. The second reflective element 1504 is used to reflect the image light reflected by the first reflective element 1503 toward the human eye. The PGU 1501 can be any of the display systems shown in FIG9 to FIG14 above, or a new display system extended from any of the display systems 2 in FIG9 to FIG14 above.

[0095] Optionally, the HUD system 1500 may further include a dust cover 1505. The dust cover 1505 has the function of isolating the external high temperature, preventing the internal temperature of the HUD system 1500 from being too high, or preventing external dust from entering the device.

[0096] It should be noted that, in the HUD system 1500 shown in FIG15 , the first reflective element 1503 may be a concave mirror, a convex mirror, or a plane mirror with a free-form surface, and this application does not impose any limitation thereto.

[0097] It is understandable that the number of reflective elements included in the HUD system 1500 is not limited to that shown in FIG. 15 and can be adjusted accordingly according to needs.

[0098] When the HUD system 1500 is applied to a vehicle, FIG16 is a schematic diagram of an optical path 1600 of the HUD system provided in an embodiment of the present application applied to a vehicle. Specifically, the PGU 1501 generates image light and projects the image light onto the diffusion screen 1502. The diffusion screen 1502 transmits the image light from the PGU 1501 onto the first reflection element 1503. Then, the first reflection element 1503 reflects the diffused image light onto the second reflection element 1504. After being reflected by 1504, the image light transmits the light shield 1505 and is reflected through the windshield 1601 to the human eye for imaging. Among them, the image generated by the image light can be an augmented reality display image, which is used to display information such as indication information and navigation information of external objects. Alternatively, the image generated by the image light can be a status display image, which is used to display status information of a vehicle. Taking a car as an example, the status information of a vehicle includes but is not limited to information such as driving speed, mileage, fuel level, water temperature, and headlight status.

[0099] It is understandable that the means of transportation to which the present application scheme can be applied include but are not limited to cars, airplanes, trains or ships.

[0100] In addition, an embodiment of the present application further provides a vehicle, which includes any of the aforementioned display devices, including but not limited to cars, airplanes, trains, or ships.

[0101] Figure 17 is a circuit diagram of a display device provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 17, the circuit in the display device mainly includes a host processor (host CPU) 1201, an external memory interface 1202, an internal memory 1203, an audio module 1204, a video module 1205, a power module 1206, a wireless communication module 1207, an I / O interface 1208, a video interface 1209, a display circuit 1210 and a modulator 1212, etc. Among them, the main processor 1201 and its peripheral components, such as the external memory interface 1202, the internal memory 1203, the audio module 1204, the video module 1205, the power module 1206, the wireless communication module 1207, the I / O interface 1208, the video interface 1209, and the display circuit 1210 can be connected via a bus. The main processor 1201 can be called a front-end processor.

[0102] In addition, the circuit diagrams shown in the embodiments of the present application do not constitute specific limitations on the display device. In other embodiments of the present application, the display device may include more or fewer components than shown, or may combine or separate certain components, or arrange the components differently. The components shown in the diagrams may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0103] The main processor 1201 includes one or more processing units. For example, the main processor 1201 may include an application processor (AP), a modem processor, a graphics processor (GPU), an image signal processor (ISP), a controller, a video codec, a digital signal processor (DSP), a baseband processor, and / or a neural network processor (NPU). Different processing units may be independent devices or integrated into one or more processors.

[0104] The main processor 1201 may also be provided with a memory for storing instructions and data. In some embodiments, the memory in the main processor 1201 is a cache memory. This memory can store instructions or data that the main processor 1201 has just used or is reusing. If the main processor 1201 needs to use the instruction or data again, it can directly call it from the memory. This avoids repeated accesses, reduces the waiting time of the main processor 1201, and thus improves system efficiency.

[0105] In some embodiments, the display device may further include multiple input / output (I / O) interfaces 1208 connected to the main processor 1201. The interfaces 1208 may include an I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) interface, an I2S (Inter-Integrated Circuit Sound) interface, a PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) interface, a UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter) interface, a MIPI (Mobile Industry Processor Interface) interface, a GPIO (General-Purpose Input / Output) interface, a SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) interface, and / or a USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface. The I / O interfaces 1208 may be connected to devices such as a mouse, touchpad, keyboard, camera, speaker, microphone, etc., as well as physical buttons on the display device (e.g., volume button, brightness adjustment button, power button, etc.).

[0106] The external memory interface 1202 can be used to connect an external memory card, such as a Micro SD card, to expand the storage capacity of the display device. The external memory card communicates with the main processor 1201 through the external memory interface 1202 to implement data storage function.

[0107] The internal memory 1203 can be used to store computer executable program codes, which include instructions. The internal memory 1203 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store an operating system, an application required for at least one function (such as a call function, a time setting function, etc.), etc. The data storage area may store data created during the use of the display device (such as a phone book, world time, etc.), etc. In addition, the internal memory 1203 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, a universal flash memory (UFS), etc. The main processor 1201 executes various functional applications and data processing of the display device by running instructions stored in the internal memory 1203 and / or instructions stored in a memory provided in the main processor 1201.

[0108] The display device can implement audio functions such as music playback and calls through the audio module 1204 and the application processor.

[0109] The audio module 1204 is used to convert digital audio information into analog audio signal output, and is also used to convert analog audio input into digital audio signals. The audio module 1204 can also be used to encode and decode audio signals, such as for playing or recording. In some embodiments, the audio module 1204 can be provided in the main processor 1201, or some functional modules of the audio module 1204 can be provided in the main processor 1201.

[0110] The video interface 1209 can receive external audio and video signals, which can specifically be a High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), a Digital Visual Interface (DVI), a Video Graphics Array (VGA), a Display Port (DP), etc. The video interface 1209 can also output video to the outside. When the display device is used as a head-up display, the video interface 1209 can receive speed signals and power signals input from peripheral devices, and can also receive external AR video signals. When the display device is used as a projector, the video interface 1209 can receive video signals input from an external computer or terminal device.

[0111] The video module 1205 can decode the video input from the video interface 1209, for example, by performing H.264 decoding. The video module can also encode the video captured by the display device, for example, by performing H.264 encoding on the video captured by an external camera. Furthermore, the main processor 1201 can also decode the video input from the video interface 1209 and output the decoded image signal to the display circuit 1210.

[0112] The display circuit 1210 and modulator 1212 are used to display corresponding images. In this embodiment, the video interface 1209 receives an external video source signal, which the video module 1205 decodes and / or digitizes before outputting one or more image signals to the display circuit 1210. The display circuit 1210 drives the modulator 1212 based on the input image signal to image the incident polarized light and output image light. Furthermore, the main processor 1201 may also output one or more image signals to the display circuit 1210.

[0113] In this embodiment, the display circuit 1210 and the modulator 1212 are electronic components in the PGU 1301 , and the display circuit 1210 can be referred to as a driving circuit.

[0114] The power module 1206 is used to provide power to the main processor 1201 and the light source 1200 based on input power (e.g., direct current). The power module 1206 may include a rechargeable battery, which can provide power to the main processor 1201 and the light source 1200. Light emitted by the light source 1200 can be transmitted to the modulator 1212 for imaging, thereby forming an image light signal.

[0115] The wireless communication module 1207 enables the display device to communicate wirelessly with the outside world. It can provide wireless local area networks (WLAN) (such as Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) networks), Bluetooth (BT), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Frequency Modulation (FM), Near Field Communication (NFC), infrared technology (IR) and other wireless communication solutions. The wireless communication module 1207 can be one or more devices that integrate at least one communication processing module. The wireless communication module 1207 receives electromagnetic waves via an antenna, frequency modulates and filters the electromagnetic wave signals, and sends the processed signals to the main processor 1201. The wireless communication module 1207 can also receive signals to be sent from the main processor 1201, frequency modulate them, amplify them, and convert them into electromagnetic waves for radiation through the antenna.

[0116] In addition, in addition to being input through the video interface 1209, the video data decoded by the video module 1205 can also be received wirelessly through the wireless communication module 1207 or read from an external memory. For example, the display device can receive video data from a terminal device or an in-vehicle entertainment system through the wireless local area network in the vehicle, and the display device can also read audio and video data stored in an external memory.

[0117] The above-mentioned display device can be installed on a vehicle. Please refer to Figure 18, which is a schematic diagram of a possible functional framework of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0118] As shown in FIG18 , the functional framework of a vehicle may include various subsystems, such as the illustrated sensor system 12, a control system 14, one or more peripheral devices 16 (one is shown as an example), a power supply 18, a computer system 20, and a head-up display system 22. Optionally, the vehicle may also include other functional systems, such as an engine system that provides power for the vehicle, etc., which are not limited in this application.

[0119] The sensor system 12 may include a plurality of detection devices that sense the information being measured and convert the sensed information into electrical signals or other required information outputs according to certain rules. As shown in the figure, these detection devices may include a global positioning system (GPS), a vehicle speed sensor, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a radar unit, a laser rangefinder, a camera, a wheel speed sensor, a steering sensor, a gear position sensor, or other components for automatic detection, etc., and this application does not limit them.

[0120] The control system 14 may include several components, such as a steering unit, a braking unit, a lighting system, an autonomous driving system, a map navigation system, a network timing system, and an obstacle avoidance system, as shown. Optionally, the control system 14 may also include components such as a throttle controller and an engine controller for controlling vehicle speed, although this application does not limit this.

[0121] The peripheral devices 16 may include several components, such as the communication system shown in the figure, a touch screen, a user interface, a microphone, and a speaker. The communication system is used to enable network communication between the vehicle and other devices. In practical applications, the communication system may utilize wireless communication technology or wired communication technology to enable network communication between the vehicle and other devices. Wired communication technology may involve communication between the vehicle and other devices via network cables or optical fibers.

[0122] Power supply 18 represents a system that provides electrical power or energy to the vehicle, and may include, but is not limited to, rechargeable lithium batteries or lead-acid batteries. In practical applications, one or more battery components in the power supply are used to provide electrical energy or energy for starting the vehicle. The type and material of the power supply are not limited in this application.

[0123] Several functions of the vehicle are controlled and implemented by the computer system 20. The computer system 20 may include one or more processors 2001 (one processor is shown as an example) and a memory 2002 (also referred to as a storage device). In actual applications, the memory 2002 is also inside the computer system 20, or it can be outside the computer system 20, for example, as a cache in the vehicle, etc., which is not limited in this application.

[0124] The processor 2001 may include one or more general-purpose processors, such as a graphics processing unit (GPU). The processor 2001 may be used to run relevant programs or instructions corresponding to the programs stored in the memory 2002 to implement corresponding functions of the vehicle.

[0125] The memory 2002 may include a volatile memory, such as RAM; the memory may also include a non-volatile memory, such as ROM, flash memory, HDD or solid-state drive SSD; the memory 2002 may also include a combination of the above types of memory. The memory 2002 can be used to store a set of program codes or instructions corresponding to the program codes, so that the processor 2001 can call the program codes or instructions stored in the memory 2002 to implement the corresponding functions of the vehicle. In the present application, the memory 2002 can store a set of program codes for vehicle control, and the processor 2001 can call the program codes to control the safe driving of the vehicle. How to achieve safe driving of the vehicle is described in detail below in this application.

[0126] Optionally, in addition to storing program code or instructions, memory 2002 may also store information such as road maps, driving routes, and sensor data. Computer system 20 may integrate with other components in the vehicle functional framework diagram, such as sensors and GPS in the sensor system, to implement relevant vehicle functions. For example, computer system 20 may control the vehicle's direction or speed based on data input from sensor system 12, although this application does not limit this.

[0127] The head-up display system 22 may include several components, such as the windshield shown, a controller, and a head-up display. The controller 222 is configured to generate images (e.g., images containing vehicle status such as speed, battery / fuel level, and augmented reality (AR) content) in response to user instructions and transmit these images to the head-up display for display. The head-up display may include an image generation unit and a reflector assembly. The windshield is configured to cooperate with the head-up display to implement the optical path of the head-up display system, thereby presenting the target image in front of the driver. The functions of some components of the head-up display system may also be implemented by other subsystems of the vehicle. For example, the controller may also be a component of the control system.

[0128] FIG18 of this application illustrates four subsystems: sensor system 12, control system 14, computer system 20, and head-up display system 22. These subsystems are merely illustrative and not limiting. In practice, a vehicle may combine several components according to different functions to create subsystems with corresponding functions. In practice, a vehicle may include more or fewer systems or components, and this application does not limit this.

[0129] The above-mentioned transportation vehicles can be cars, trucks, motorcycles, buses, ships, airplanes, helicopters, lawn mowers, recreational vehicles, amusement park vehicles, construction equipment, trams, golf carts, trains, and carts, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not make special limitations.

[0130] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.

[0131] The above description is only one embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made on the basis of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A display module, characterized in that: include: A display device and a phase compensation element, wherein a normal line of a light emitting plane of the display device and a normal line of a light emitting plane of the phase compensation element have a first angle greater than 0, a first coordinate axis of the light emitting plane of the display device and the first coordinate axis of the light emitting plane of the phase compensation element have a second angle greater than 0, and a second coordinate axis of the light emitting plane of the display device and the second coordinate axis of the light emitting plane of the phase compensation element have a third angle greater than 0, The display device is used to emit a plurality of first light beams from a plurality of different angles; The phase compensation element is used to compensate for the phase difference of each first light beam in the multiple first light beams.

2. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The display module further includes an anti-reflection element, wherein the anti-reflection element is located between the display device and the phase compensation element. The anti-reflection element is used to reduce the reflected light from the light emitting plane of the display device.

3. The display module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anti-reflection element is arranged on the surface of the phase compensation element.

4. The display module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The anti-reflection element is arranged on a surface of a light emitting plane of the display device.

5. A display system, characterized in that: include: A light source and a display module as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, The light source is used to generate incident light and emit the incident light toward the display module; The display module generates a first image based on the incident light.

6. The display system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The display system further comprises a microlens array and a first polarization element, wherein the microlens array is located between the light source and the first polarization element, and the first polarization element is located between the microlens array and the display module. The microlens array is used to homogenize the incident light and emit a second light beam after homogenization to the first polarization element; The first polarization element is used to convert the second light beam into a first polarized light and emit the first polarized light to the display module; The display module generates the first image based on the first polarized light.

7. The display system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The display system further comprises a collimating element, wherein the collimating element is located between the light source and the microlens array. The collimating element is used to collimate the incident light and emit the collimated third light beam to the microlens array; The microlens array is specifically used to homogenize the third light beam and generate the second light beam.

8. The display system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The display system also includes a projection module. The display module is used to emit the first image light corresponding to the first image to the projection module; The projection module is used to generate a second image according to the first image light.

9. The display system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The display system further includes a second polarizing element, wherein the second polarizing element is located between the display module and the projection module. The second polarization element is used to convert the first image light into second polarized light, and emit the second polarized light to the projection module, wherein the polarization direction of the first polarized light is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second polarized light; The projection module is used to generate the second image according to the second polarized light.

10. The display system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The display system further comprises a polarization beam splitter, wherein the polarization beam splitter is located between the first polarization element and the display module. The polarization beam splitting element is used to reflect the first polarized light to the display device and transmit the second polarized light to the projection module.

11. A means of transport, characterized in that: The display system and windshield according to any one of claims 8 to 10, The projection module is used to emit second image light corresponding to the second image to the windshield; The windshield is used to reflect the light from the second image to human eyes.

12. A vehicle-mounted system, characterized in that: A display system comprising any one of claims 5 to 10.

Images