Pulp composition

Abstract

Provided is a novel pulp composition containing a liquid repellent compound and a pulp base material, wherein the liquid repellent compound is a compound having a monovalent C6–C40 hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent and is not a fatty acid ester having a glycoside bond, the pulp base material contains bagasse pulp, and the pulp composition is oil resistant and / or water resistant.

Description

Pulp composition

[0001] The present disclosure relates to pulp compositions, particularly pulp compositions that are oil and / or water resistant.

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses that a composition containing a sugar fatty acid ester and hemicellulose or lignin can be used to improve the barrier function of cellulosic materials.

[0003] In the composition described in Patent Document 1, sugar fatty acid ester is an essential component, and the use of other components in place of the sugar fatty acid ester is not investigated. Furthermore, there is no disclosure that the composition exhibits excellent oil resistance or water resistance.

[0004] WO2021 / 019468

[0005] The present disclosure aims to provide novel pulp compositions that are oil and / or water resistant.

[0006] The present disclosure includes the following aspects: [Item 1] A pulp composition comprising a liquid-repellent compound and a pulp base material, wherein the liquid-repellent compound is a compound having a monovalent hydrocarbon group having from 6 to 40 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, rather than a fatty acid ester having a glycosidic bond, and the pulp base material comprises bagasse pulp. [Item 2] The pulp composition according to Item 1, wherein the liquid-repellent compound has at least one group selected from the group consisting of: -OC(=O)R, -COOR, -NHCOR, and -CONHR (wherein each R is independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having from 6 to 40 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent). [Item 3] The pulp composition according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the liquid-repellent compound is a compound obtained by modifying an amine, polyol, or polycarboxylic acid with a hydrocarbon group having from 6 to 40 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. [Item 4] The pulp composition according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the amount of the liquid repellent compound is from 0.5% to 25% by weight based on the pulp base material. [Item 5] The pulp composition according to any one of Items 1 to 4, wherein the amount of bagasse pulp in the pulp base material is from 20% to 100% by weight. [Item 6] The pulp composition according to any one of Items 1 to 5, wherein the pulp composition comprises a dispersant. [Item 7] The pulp composition according to any one of Items 1 to 6, wherein the pulp composition comprises a papermaking chemical combination. [Item 8] The pulp composition according to any one of Items 1 to 7, wherein the pulp composition comprises a sizing agent. [Item 9] The pulp composition according to any one of Items 1 to 8, wherein the pulp composition comprises aluminum sulfate. [Item 10] A molded pulp product molded from the pulp composition according to any one of Items 1 to 9. [Item 11] The molded pulp product according to Item 10, which is intended for food contact. [Item 12] A method for producing a pulp composition, comprising a step of treating a pulp base material with a repellent containing a liquid-repellent compound, wherein the liquid-repellent compound is a compound having a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, and is not a fatty acid ester having a glycosidic bond, and the pulp base material comprises bagasse pulp.[Item 13] The method for producing a pulp composition according to Item 12, wherein the liquid-repellent compound has at least one group selected from the group consisting of: -OC(=O)R, -COOR, -NHCOR, and -CONHR (wherein each R is independently an optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group having from 6 to 40 carbon atoms).

[0007] The pulp compositions of the present disclosure may have excellent oil and / or water resistance.

[0008] <Definition of Terms> As used herein, an "n-valent group" refers to a group having n bonds, i.e., a group that forms n bonds. Furthermore, an "n-valent organic group" refers to an n-valent group containing carbon. Such an organic group is not particularly limited, but may be a hydrocarbon group or a derivative thereof. A hydrocarbon group derivative refers to a group having one or more of N, O, S, Si, amide, sulfonyl, siloxane, carbonyl, carbonyloxy, halogen, etc. at the end or molecular chain of the hydrocarbon group.

[0009] As used herein, the term "hydrocarbon group" refers to a group containing carbon and hydrogen, which is a group obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from a hydrocarbon. Such hydrocarbon groups include, but are not limited to, C １－２０ Examples of hydrocarbon groups include aliphatic hydrocarbon groups and aromatic hydrocarbon groups. The "aliphatic hydrocarbon group" may be linear, branched, or cyclic, and may be saturated or unsaturated. The hydrocarbon group may contain one or more ring structures. The hydrocarbon group may be substituted with one or more substituents, if explicitly stated.

[0010] In this specification, when a term (symbol) that may appear multiple times in a chemical structure is defined, that definition applies independently at each occurrence, unless otherwise stated, regardless of whether "independently at each occurrence," "independently of each other," "independently of each other," or similar expressions are explicitly stated.

[0011] The chemical structures described herein should be understood not to encompass chemical structures that would be recognized by those skilled in the art as chemically impossible or extremely unstable.

[0012] <Pulp Composition> The pulp composition of the present disclosure includes a liquid repellent compound and a pulp base material. The pulp composition of the present disclosure may have excellent oil resistance and / or water resistance, preferably both.

[0013] The pulp composition of the present disclosure is obtained by adding a liquid-repellent compound to a pulp base material. The pulp composition may be obtained by treating the pulp base material with a repellent containing the liquid-repellent compound, and the amount of the repellent added or the composition of the repellent may be adjusted so that each component is present in a desired amount. Each component that may be contained in the repellent may be added to the pulp composition as a separate additive.

[0014] The pulp composition of the present disclosure may not contain any compound selected from the group consisting of a compound having a fluoroalkyl group having 8 or more carbon atoms, a compound having a perfluoroalkyl group having 8 or more carbon atoms, a compound having a fluoroalkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms, a compound having a perfluoroalkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms, a compound having a perfluoroalkyl group, a compound having a fluoroalkyl group, and a compound having a fluorine atom. The pulp composition of the present disclosure can impart liquid repellency to a substrate even without containing these fluorine compounds.

[0015] The pH of the pulp composition may be 3 to 10, for example 5 to 9, particularly 6 to 8, and the amount of each component may be adjusted to achieve such a pH.

[0016] [Pulp Base Material] The pulp composition includes a pulp base material. The pulp base material is made of pulp, and the pulp may be wood pulp, non-wood pulp, recycled paper pulp, or the like, and includes at least bagasse pulp.

[0017] [Wood Pulp] Wood pulp includes softwood kraft pulp obtained from species such as Abies and Pinus, and hardwood kraft pulp obtained from species such as Acacia, Eucalyptus, Beech, and Populus (e.g., poplar). Examples of softwood kraft pulp include unbleached softwood kraft pulp (NUKP), bleached softwood pulp (NBKP), semi-bleached softwood kraft pulp (NSBKP), and softwood sulfite pulp. Examples of hardwood kraft pulp include unbleached hardwood kraft pulp (LUKP), bleached hardwood kraft pulp (LBKP), semi-bleached hardwood kraft pulp (LSBKP), and hardwood sulfite pulp. The pulps used may be used alone or in combination. In addition to kraft pulp, there are also softwood kraft pulp and hardwood kraft pulp, as well as mechanical pulps such as stone ground pulp (SGP), pressurized stone ground pulp (PGW), refiner ground pulp (RGP), thermoground pulp (TGP), chemiground pulp (CGP), groundwood pulp (GP), thermomechanical pulp (TMP), etc. Furthermore, waste paper pulp includes disintegrated waste paper pulp, disintegrated and deinked waste paper pulp, or disintegrated, deinked and bleached waste paper pulp, which are produced from brown waste paper, recycled kraft envelope paper, recycled magazine paper, recycled newspaper paper, recycled flyer paper, recycled office paper, recycled corrugated cardboard paper, white recycled paper, Kent recycled paper, imitation recycled paper, recycled land paper, etc.

[0018] [Non-wood Pulp] Examples of non-wood pulp include pulp obtained from bagasse, kenaf, bamboo, linter, cotton, linen, hemp, ramie, straw, esparto, Manila hemp, sisal hemp, jute, flax, ganpi, mitsumata, kozo, etc.

[0019] [Pulp fiber length] From the viewpoint of improving oil resistance, the average fiber length of the pulp is preferably 0.1 mm or more, more preferably 0.3 mm or more, and even more preferably 0.5 mm or more, and from the viewpoint of ease of production, it is preferably 5.0 mm or less, more preferably 4.0 mm or less, even more preferably 3.0 mm or less, particularly preferably 2.0 mm or less, and most preferably 1.2 mm or less.

[0020] [Pulp Fiber Width] From the viewpoint of improving oil resistance, the average fiber diameter of the pulp is preferably 5 μm or more, more preferably 10 μm or more, and even more preferably 15 μm or more, and is preferably 50 μm or less, more preferably 40 μm or less, and even more preferably 30 μm or less.

[0021] [Composition of Pulp Base Material] The amount of bagasse pulp in the pulp base material may be more than 0% by weight, 10% by weight or more, 20% by weight or more, 30% by weight or more, 40% by weight or more, 50% by weight or more, 60% by weight or more, or 70% by weight or more, and is preferably 20% by weight or more, and may be 100% by weight or less, 90% by weight or less, 80% by weight or less, 70% by weight or less, 60% by weight or less, 50% by weight or less, 40% by weight or less, 30% by weight or less, 20% by weight or less, or 10% by weight or less, for example, 80% by weight or less.

[0022] The total amount of pulp other than bagasse in the pulp base material may be 0% by weight or more, 10% by weight or more, 20% by weight or more, 30% by weight or more, 40% by weight or more, 50% by weight or more, 60% by weight or more, or 70% by weight or more, and may be 99% by weight or less, 90% by weight or less, 80% by weight or less, 70% by weight or less, 60% by weight or less, 50% by weight or less, 40% by weight or less, 30% by weight or less, 20% by weight or less, or 10% by weight or less.

[0023] The amount of wood pulp in the pulp base material may be 0% by weight or more, 10% by weight or more, 20% by weight or more, 30% by weight or more, 40% by weight or more, 50% by weight or more, 60% by weight or more, or 70% by weight or more, and may be 99% by weight or less, 90% by weight or less, 80% by weight or less, 70% by weight or less, 60% by weight or less, 50% by weight or less, 40% by weight or less, 30% by weight or less, 20% by weight or less, or 10% by weight or less.

[0024] [Form of Pulp Base Material] The form of the pulp base material when the liquid-repellent compound is added may be pulp alone, a pulp slurry, a pulp product, etc. Specific examples include pulp such as bleached or unbleached chemical pulp such as kraft pulp or sulfite pulp, bleached or unbleached high-yield pulp such as groundwood pulp, mechanical pulp or thermomechanical pulp; pulp slurries containing the above pulp; and pulp products such as paper, paper containers, and pulp molded products.

[0025] [Amount of Pulp Base Material] The amount of the pulp base material in the pulp composition may be 0.1 wt% or more, 0.5 wt% or more, 1 wt% or more, 3 wt% or more, 5 wt% or more, 10 wt% or more, 20 wt% or more, 30 wt% or more, 50 wt% or more, 75 wt% or more, or 90 wt% or more, and may be 99 wt% or less, 75 wt% or less, 50 wt% or less, 40 wt% or less, 30 wt% or less, 20 wt% or less, 10 wt% or less, 5 wt% or less, 4 wt% or less, or 3 wt% or less. Typically, when the pulp composition is prepared by internal addition, the amount of the pulp base material in the pulp composition is 30 wt% or less, and when the pulp composition is prepared by external addition, the amount of the pulp base material in the pulp composition may be 75 wt% or more.

[0026] The amount of the pulp base material may be 50% by weight or more, 60% by weight or more, 70% by weight or more, 80% by weight or more, 90% by weight or more, 95% by weight or more, or 99% by weight or more in the pulp composition excluding the liquid medium, and may be 99.9% by weight or less, 95% by weight or less, 90% by weight or less, 85% by weight or less, 75% by weight or less, 65% by weight or less, or 55% by weight or less.

[0027] [Liquid Medium] The pulp composition may contain a liquid medium. The liquid medium may be water, an organic solvent, or a mixture of water and an organic solvent, and is typically an aqueous medium, particularly water. The liquid medium may also contain a liquid medium derived from a repellent agent.

[0028] [Amount of Liquid Medium] The amount of the liquid medium in the pulp composition may be 0.1 wt% or more, 0.5 wt% or more, 1 wt% or more, 3 wt% or more, 5 wt% or more, 10 wt% or more, 20 wt% or more, 30 wt% or more, 50 wt% or more, 75 wt% or more, 90 wt% or more, or 95 wt% or more, and may be 99 wt% or less, 75 wt% or less, 50 wt% or less, 40 wt% or less, 30 wt% or less, 20 wt% or less, 10 wt% or less, 5 wt% or less, 4 wt% or less, or 3 wt% or less. Typically, when the pulp composition is prepared by internal addition, the amount of the liquid medium in the pulp composition is 50 wt% or more, particularly 90 wt% or more, and when the pulp composition is prepared by external addition, the amount of the liquid medium in the pulp composition is 30 wt% or less, particularly 10 wt% or less.

[0029] [Liquid-repellent compound] The pulp composition contains a liquid-repellent compound. For details of the types of liquid-repellent compounds, the explanation of the liquid-repellent compounds in <Repellent agent> is incorporated herein by reference.

[0030] [Amount of Liquid-Repellent Compound] The amount of the liquid-repellent compound relative to the pulp base material may be 0.1 wt% or more, 0.3 wt% or more, 0.5 wt% or more, 0.75 wt% or more, 1.0 wt% or more, 2.0 wt% or more, or 3.0 wt% or more, and is preferably 0.5 wt% or more, and may be 25 wt% or less, 20 wt% or less, 15 wt% or less, 10 wt% or less, 7.5 wt% or less, 5.0 wt% or less, 4.0 wt% or less, 3.0 wt% or less, 2.0 wt% or less, 1.0 wt% or less, 0.75 wt% or less, or 0.5 wt% or less, for example, 15 wt% or less, 5.0 wt% or less, or 3.0 wt% or less.

[0031] The amount of the amine-modified liquid repellent compound relative to the pulp base material may be 0.1 wt% or more, 0.3 wt% or more, 0.5 wt% or more, 0.75 wt% or more, 1.0 wt% or more, 2.0 wt% or more, or 3.0 wt% or more, and is preferably 0.5 wt% or more, and may be 25 wt% or less, 20 wt% or less, 15 wt% or less, 10 wt% or less, 7.5 wt% or less, 5.0 wt% or less, 4.0 wt% or less, 3.0 wt% or less, 2.0 wt% or less, 1.0 wt% or less, 0.75 wt% or less, or 0.5 wt% or less, for example, 15 wt% or less, 5.0 wt% or less, or 3.0 wt% or less.

[0032] The amount of the polyol-modified liquid repellent compound relative to the pulp base material may be 0.1 wt% or more, 0.3 wt% or more, 0.5 wt% or more, 0.75 wt% or more, 1.0 wt% or more, 2.0 wt% or more, or 3.0 wt% or more, and is preferably 0.5 wt% or more, and may be 25 wt% or less, 20 wt% or less, 15 wt% or less, 10 wt% or less, 7.5 wt% or less, 5.0 wt% or less, 4.0 wt% or less, 3.0 wt% or less, 2.0 wt% or less, 1.0 wt% or less, 0.75 wt% or less, or 0.5 wt% or less, for example, 15 wt% or less, 5.0 wt% or less, or 3.0 wt% or less.

[0033] The amount of the polycarboxylic acid-modified liquid repellent compound relative to the pulp base material may be 0.1 wt% or more, 0.3 wt% or more, 0.5 wt% or more, 0.75 wt% or more, 1.0 wt% or more, 2.0 wt% or more, or 3.0 wt% or more, and is preferably 0.5 wt% or more, and may be 25 wt% or less, 20 wt% or less, 15 wt% or less, 10 wt% or less, 7.5 wt% or less, 5.0 wt% or less, 4.0 wt% or less, 3.0 wt% or less, 2.0 wt% or less, 1.0 wt% or less, 0.75 wt% or less, or 0.5 wt% or less, for example, 15 wt% or less, 5.0 wt% or less, or 3.0 wt% or less.

[0034] The liquid-repellent compound may be added externally to the surface of a pulp substrate (e.g., a pulp product such as paper, a paper container, or a pulp molded product), and the amount of the liquid-repellent compound contained in the coating layer formed by the external addition treatment is 0.01 g / m ２Above, 0.03g / m ２ Above, 0.05g / m ２ Above, 0.1g / m ２ Above, 0.3g / m ２ Above, 0.5g / m ２ or more, or 1.0 g / m ２ or more, and ２ Below, 4.0g / m ２ Below, 3.0g / m ２ Below, 2.0g / m ２ Below, 1.0g / m ２ Below, 0.5g / m ２ Below, 0.3g / m ２ or less, or 0.1 g / m ２ It may be the following:

[0035] [Dispersant] The pulp composition may contain a dispersant. For details of the types of dispersants, the explanation of the dispersant in <Repellent> is incorporated herein by reference.

[0036] [Amount of Dispersant] The amount of dispersant may be 0.1% by weight or more, 0.3% by weight or more, 0.5% by weight or more, 0.75% by weight or more, 1.0% by weight or more, 2.0% by weight or more, or 3.0% by weight or more, and may be 10% by weight or less, 7.5% by weight or less, 5.0% by weight or less, 4.0% by weight or less, 3.0% by weight or less, 2.0% by weight or less, 1.0% by weight or less, 0.75% by weight or less, or 0.5% by weight or less, preferably 5.0% by weight or less, more preferably 3.0% by weight or less, based on the pulp base material.

[0037] [Paper Strength Agent] The pulp composition may contain a paper strength agent. Examples of the paper strength agent include polyacrylamide-based paper strength agents such as cationic polyacrylamide, anionic polyacrylamide, and amphoteric polyacrylamide; polysaccharide-based paper strength agents such as starch, enzyme-modified starch, thermochemically modified starch, oxidized starch, esterified starch, etherified starch (e.g., hydroxyethylated starch), aldehyde-modified starch, cationized starch, starch, xanthan gum, karaya gum, welan gum, guar gum, pectin, tamarind gum, carrageenan, chitosan, gum arabic, locust bean gum, cellulose, alginic acid, agar, dextran, cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, chitin nanofiber, cellulose nanofiber, and pullulan, and modified polysaccharides thereof (e.g., modified polysaccharides into which a hydroxyl group or a cationic group has been introduced); Polyamide-based paper strength agents such as polyamide resins, polyamine resins, polyamide-polyamine resins, polyamide-epichlorohydrin resins, polyamide-polyamine-epichlorohydrin resins, polyamide-polyurea-formaldehyde resins, and epoxidized polyamide resins; urea / melamine-based paper strength agents such as urea resins, melamine resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, and melamine-formaldehyde resins; polyvinyl alcohol-based paper strength agents such as polyvinyl alcohol, fully saponified polyvinyl alcohol, partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol, carboxyl-modified polyvinyl alcohol, silanol-modified polyvinyl alcohol, cation-modified polyvinyl alcohol, and terminally alkyl-modified polyvinyl alcohol; styrene-butadiene copolymers, polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylic acid esters, fatty acid diamides, polyethyleneimine resins, and ketone aldehyde resins. The paper strength agent in the present disclosure is preferably a polyacrylamide-based paper strength agent, a polysaccharide-based paper strength agent, or a polyamide-based paper strength agent.

[0038] [Amount of Paper Strength Agent] The amount of the paper strength agent may be 0.1% by weight or more, 0.3% by weight or more, 0.5% by weight or more, 0.75% by weight or more, 1.0% by weight or more, 2.0% by weight or more, or 3.0% by weight or more, and may be 10% by weight or less, 7.5% by weight or less, 5.0% by weight or less, 4.0% by weight or less, 3.0% by weight or less, 2.0% by weight or less, 1.0% by weight or less, 0.75% by weight or less, or 0.5% by weight or less, and is preferably 5.0% by weight or less, based on the pulp.

[0039] [Sizing Agent] The pulp composition may contain a sizing agent. Examples of the sizing agent include cationic sizing agents, anionic sizing agents, neutral sizing agents, and amphoteric sizing agents, such as rosin-based sizing agents (e.g., acidic rosin-based sizing agents, neutral rosin-based sizing agents), alkyl ketene dimers, and alkenyl succinic anhydrides.

[0040] [Amount of Sizing Agent] The amount of sizing agent may be 0.1% by weight or more, 0.2% by weight or more, 0.3% by weight or more, 0.5% by weight or more, 0.75% by weight or more, 1.0% by weight or more, 2.0% by weight or more, or 3.0% by weight or more, and may be 10% by weight or less, 7.5% by weight or less, 5.0% by weight or less, 4.0% by weight or less, 3.0% by weight or less, 2.0% by weight or less, 1.0% by weight or less, 0.75% by weight or less, or 0.5% by weight or less, based on the pulp.

[0041] [Other Additives] In addition to the above, the pulp composition may contain other additives such as paper-related chemicals used in the production of pulp products, such as fixing agents (aluminum sulfate, etc.), coagulants / flocculants (polyamine resins, etc.), retention aids (polyacrylamide resins, etc.), organic acids (formic acid, acetic acid, etc.), dyes, slime control agents, and antifoaming agents.

[0042] [Amount of Other Additives] The amount of other additives may be 0.01% by weight or more, 0.1% by weight or more, 1% by weight or more, 3% by weight or more, or 5% by weight or more, and may be 30% by weight or less, 20% by weight or less, 10% by weight or less, 5% by weight or less, 3% by weight or less, or 1% by weight or less, based on the pulp base material.

[0043] <Repellent Agent> The repellent agent in the present disclosure adheres to a substrate (particularly a pulp substrate) and can impart liquid repellency, such as water resistance, oil resistance, water repellency, oil repellency, and / or stain resistance, to the substrate, and can also function as a water resistance agent, oil resistance agent, water repellent agent, oil repellent agent, and / or stain resistance agent.

[0044] The repellent agent of the present disclosure contains a liquid repellent compound as an active ingredient. The liquid repellent compound may be used by itself as a repellent agent, or may be used in combination with other ingredients as described below.

[0045] The repellent agent in the present disclosure may not contain any compound selected from the group consisting of a compound having a fluoroalkyl group having 8 or more carbon atoms, a compound having a perfluoroalkyl group having 8 or more carbon atoms, a compound having a fluoroalkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms, a compound having a perfluoroalkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms, a compound having a perfluoroalkyl group, a compound having a fluoroalkyl group, and a compound having a fluorine atom. The repellent agent in the present disclosure can impart liquid repellency to a substrate even if it does not contain these fluorine compounds.

[0046] The volumetric abundance ratio of particles of 100 μm or larger in the repellent agent of the present disclosure, as measured by laser diffraction scattering, may be 0.1% or larger, 0.3% or larger, 0.5% or larger, 1% or larger, 1.5% or larger, 3% or larger, 4% or larger, 5% or larger, or 10% or larger, or may be 50% or smaller, 30% or smaller, 20% or smaller, 15% or smaller, 10% or smaller, 5% or smaller, 3% or smaller, or 1.5% or smaller. The method for achieving the volumetric abundance ratio of particles of 1 μm or larger, as measured by laser diffraction scattering, within the above range is not limited, and may involve, for example, micronizing the particles in the raw material and / or dispersion using a grinder, homogenizer, or the like.

[0047] The volume median diameter of the repellent agent of the present disclosure, measured by a laser diffraction scattering method, is 0.01 μm or more, 0.05 μm or more, 0.1 μm or more, 0.2 μm or more, 0.3 μm or more, 0.4 μm or more, 0.5 μm or more, 0.6 μm or more, 1.0 μm or more, 5.0 μm or more, 10.0 μm or more, 20.0 μm or more, 30.0 μm or more, 40.0 μm or more, 50.0 μm or more, 75.0 μm or more, or 100.0 μm or more. The volume median diameter may be 100 μm or less, 90 μm or less, 80 μm or less, 70 μm or less, 60 μm or less, 50 μm or less, 40 μm or less, 30 μm or less, 20 μm or less, 10 μm or less, 5 μm or less, 3 μm or less, 1 μm or less, 0.9 μm or less, 0.8 μm or less, 0.7 μm or less, 0.6 μm or less, 0.5 μm or less, 0.4 μm or less, 0.3 μm or less, or 0.2 μm or less, and is preferably 1 μm or less. In the present disclosure, the volume median diameter refers to the median diameter (D50) in a volume-based particle size distribution measured by a laser diffraction scattering method.

[0048] The average particle size, as determined from a scanning electron microscope image of particles obtained by removing the liquid medium from a water-dispersed composition of the present disclosure (e.g., an oil-resistant agent for pulp) by natural drying at room temperature, may be 0.01 μm or more, 0.05 μm or more, 0.1 μm or more, 0.2 μm or more, 0.3 μm or more, 0.4 μm or more, 0.5 μm or more, or 0.6 μm or more, or 10 μm or less, 5 μm or less, 3 μm or less, 1 μm or less, 0.9 μm or less, 0.8 μm or less, 0.7 μm or less, 0.6 μm or less, 0.5 μm or less, 0.4 μm or less, 0.3 μm or less, or 0.2 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or less. To achieve a particle size within the above range, for example, the particles in the raw material and / or dispersion may be micronized using a grinder, homogenizer, or the like. The room temperature is 20°C to 30°C, particularly 25°C.

[0049] The ionic charge density in the repellent of the present disclosure may be −1000 μeq / g or more, −800 μeq / g or more, −600 μeq / g or more, −500 μeq / g or more, −400 μeq / g or more, −250 μeq / g or more, −100 μeq / g or more, −50 μeq / g or more, −25 μeq / g or more, 0 μeq / g or more, 1 μeq / g or more, 25 μeq / g or more, 50 μeq / g or more, 100 μeq / g or more, 200 μeq / g or more, preferably −600 μeq / g or more, for example −400 μeq / g or more. The ionic charge density may be 5000 μeq / g or less, 2500 μeq / g or less, 1000 μeq / g or less, 750 μeq / g or less, 500 μeq / g or less, 400 μeq / g or less, 350 μeq / g or less, 300 μeq / g or less, 200 μeq / g or less, 100 μeq / g or less, or 50 μeq / g or less, preferably 1000 μeq / g or less, more preferably 500 μeq / g or less, for example 300 μeq / g or less. In particular, the ionic charge density of the repellent of the present disclosure is preferably -600 μeq / g or more and 100 μeq / g or less. The ionic charge density of the repellent of the present disclosure can be measured, for example, by the following method.

[0050] The anion demand of a sample liquid with a solid content of 0.1 g / L is measured using a 1 / 1000 N potassium polyvinyl sulfonate solution with a particle charge meter (MUTEK PCD-06 manufactured by BTG), and the ionic charge density (cationic charge density) is calculated using the following formula (1). Alternatively, the cation demand is measured in the same manner using a polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride solution instead of potassium polyvinyl sulfonate, and the ionic charge density (anionic charge density) is calculated using the following formula (1). Ionic charge density (μeq / g) = A / B (1) A: cation demand or anionic demand (μeq / L) B: sample liquid concentration (g / L)

[0051] [Liquid-repellent compound] The liquid-repellent compound in the present disclosure is capable of adhering to a substrate (particularly a pulp substrate) and imparting liquid repellency, such as water resistance, oil resistance, water repellency, oil repellency, and / or stain resistance, to the substrate.

[0052] [Characteristics, etc.] The characteristics, etc. that the liquid repellent compound may have are listed below.

[0053] The HD (n-hexadecane) contact angle of the liquid-repellent compound may be 10° or more, 20° or more, 25° or more, 30° or more, 35° or more, 40° or more, 45° or more, 50° or more, 55° or more, 60° or more, or 65° or more, preferably 25° or more, more preferably 30° or more, and may be 100° or less, 90° or less, or 75° or less. When the liquid-repellent compound has an HD contact angle equal to or greater than the above lower limit, it can impart good liquid repellency (particularly oil repellency) to the substrate. The HD contact angle is the static contact angle of the liquid-repellent compound with respect to a spin-coated film, and is obtained by dropping 2 μL of HD onto the spin-coated film and measuring the contact angle 1 second after the drop has landed.

[0054] The water contact angle of the liquid-repellent compound may be 35° or more, 40° or more, 45° or more, 50° or more, 55° or more, 65° or more, 75° or more, 85° or more, 90° or more, or 100° or more, and may be 160° or less, 140° or less, 130° or less, 120° or less, 110° or less, 100° or less, or 90° or less. When the liquid-repellent compound has a water contact angle equal to or greater than the above lower limit, it can impart good liquid repellency (particularly water repellency) to the substrate. The water contact angle is the static contact angle of the liquid-repellent compound with respect to a spin-coated film, and is obtained by dropping 2 μL of water onto the spin-coated film and measuring the contact angle 1 second after the drop has landed.

[0055] The liquid-repellent compound is preferably a biobased compound containing carbon of biobased origin. The biobased content is measured in accordance with ASTM D6866. The biobased content may be 20% or more, preferably 30% or more, more preferably 50% or more, even more preferably 60% or more, even more preferably 70% or more, and most preferably 80% or more or 90% or more, for example, 100%. A high biobased content means that the amount of fossil resource-based materials, such as petroleum, used is small. From this perspective, the higher the biobased content of the liquid-repellent compound, the better.

[0056] The biodegradability of the liquid-repellent compound after 180 days is preferably 5% or more. Since this reduces the environmental impact, a higher biodegradability is preferable. The biodegradability of the liquid-repellent compound after 180 days may be, for example, 10% or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, or 90% or more, preferably 30% or more, more preferably 50% or more, even more preferably 70% or more, and most preferably 80% or more. The biodegradability of the liquid-repellent compound after 60 days is preferably 5% or more. Since this reduces the environmental impact, a higher biodegradability is preferable. The biodegradability of the liquid-repellent compound after 60 days may be, for example, 10% or more, 15% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more, 30% or more, 35% or more, 40% or more, or 45% or more, preferably 10% or more, more preferably 30% or more. Such biodegradability may be biodegradability as defined in JIS K 6953-1 or ASTM D6400.

[0057] The melting point of the liquid-repellent compound may be 30°C or higher, 40°C or higher, 60°C or higher, 80°C or higher, 100°C or higher, or 120°C or higher, preferably 40°C or higher, and may be 250°C or lower, 225°C or lower, 200°C or lower, 150°C or lower, 130°C or lower, 120°C or lower, 110°C or lower, 100°C or lower, 80°C or lower, or 50°C or lower.

[0058] [Structure, etc.] The liquid-repellent compound in the present disclosure does not necessarily have any group selected from the group consisting of a fluoroalkyl group having 8 or more carbon atoms, a perfluoroalkyl group having 8 or more carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms, a perfluoroalkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms, a perfluoroalkyl group, a fluoroalkyl group, and a fluorine atom. Even if the liquid-repellent compound does not contain these fluorine-containing groups, it can impart liquid repellency to a substrate.

[0059] The liquid-repellent compound may be a compound having a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. From the viewpoint of liquid repellency, the liquid-repellent compound may have a hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms (for example, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group).

[0060] (Optionally Substituted Monovalent Hydrocarbon Group) The liquid repellent compound may have a monovalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent.

[0061] The hydrocarbon group may be a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbon group may be an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group. The hydrocarbon group may be branched, cyclic, or linear, and is more preferably linear.

[0062] The number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon group may be 6 or more, 8 or more, 10 or more, 12 or more, 14 or more, 16 or more, 18 or more, 20 or more, or 22 or more, preferably 6 or more, 10 or more, 12 or more, or 16 or more, and may be 40 or less, 35 or less, 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, or 10 or less, preferably 30 or less, 25 or less, or 20 or less.

[0063] The hydrocarbon group may have a substituent, but is preferably unsubstituted. Examples of the substituent include -OR' and -N(R'). ２ , —COOR′, and halogen atoms (wherein R′, in each occurrence, is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms). The substituent may or may not have active hydrogen. The number of substituents may be 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, or 0. In the substituted hydrocarbon group, the amount of carbon atoms relative to the amount of carbon atoms and heteroatoms may be 70 mol% or more, 80 mol% or more, 90 mol% or more, 95 mol% or more, or 99 mol% or more, preferably 75 mol% or more, and may be 95 mol% or less, 90 mol% or less, 85 mol% or less, or 80 mol% or less. For example, the hydrocarbon group may have 1 to 3 (e.g., 1) —OR′ (particularly —OH) as a substituent (e.g., other than at the terminal).

[0064] The liquid-repellent compound in the present disclosure is preferably not a fatty acid ester having a glycosidic bond. A fatty acid ester having a glycosidic bond is typically a compound having a structure in which a fatty acid is attached to a hydroxy group of a compound having a glycosidic bond (typically a sugar (monosaccharide or polysaccharide)) via an ester bond. The use of such a fatty acid ester is not preferred because it may reduce liquid repellency.

[0065] [Examples of Liquid-Repellent Compounds] Examples of liquid-repellent compounds include compounds having a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 6 to 40. Examples of hydrocarbon groups and the preferred ranges thereof are as described above.

[0066] The liquid repellent compound may be a compound having at least one group selected from the group consisting of -O(C=O)R, -COOR, -NHCOR, and -CONHR (wherein R each independently represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms which may have a substituent).

[0067] The liquid repellent compound may include an ester group, an amide group, a urethane group, a urea group, an imide group, a thioamide group, a thiourethane group, a thiourea group, a thioimide group, a sulfonamide group, a sulfoneurea group, a sulfoneurethane group, or a sulfonimide group (e.g., an ester group, an amide group, a urethane group, a urea group, or an imide group). For example, the liquid repellent compound may include —C(═O)—O—, —O—C(═O)—, —C(═O)—NR′—, —O—C(═O)—NR′—, —NR′—C(═O)—NR′—, or —SO ２The liquid repellent compound may contain NR'- (R', in each occurrence, is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms)). The liquid repellent compound may be a compound in which a raw material compound and a modifying group (particularly the monovalent hydrocarbon group which may have the above-mentioned substituent) are bonded via at least one of these groups. The liquid repellent compound may contain an amide structure. When the liquid repellent compound contains at least an amide structure, the liquid repellency can be improved. Here, the amide structure may be an amide structure in a broad sense, and may be selected from amide structures in amide (acid amide) groups, urethane groups, urea groups, imide groups, thioamide groups, thiourethane groups, thiourea groups, thioimide groups, sulfonamide groups, sulfoneurethane groups, sulfoneurea groups, sulfonimide groups, etc. The amide structure is -(C=O)N(-) ２ , -(C=S)N(-) ２ , and -S(=O) ２ N (-) ２ (Note that each group may be inverted). At least one of the bonds of N in the amide structure may be bonded to a hydrogen atom. The amide structure is preferably -(C=O)N(-) ２ and may be an amide structure in a group selected from the group consisting of an amide group, a urethane group, a urea group, and an imide group.

[0068] More specific examples of the liquid-repellent compound include compounds obtained by modifying an amine, a polyol, or a polycarboxylic acid with a hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent. These compounds are also referred to as amine-modified compounds, polyol-modified compounds, and polycarboxylic acid-modified compounds in this specification, and will be described in detail separately.

[0069] [Amount of Liquid-Repellent Compound] The amount of the liquid-repellent compound in the repellent agent may be 0.01% by weight or more, 0.5% by weight or more, 1% by weight or more, 3% by weight or more, 5% by weight or more, 10% by weight or more, 20% by weight or more, 30% by weight or more, or 60% by weight or less, 50% by weight or less, 40% by weight or less, 30% by weight or less, 20% by weight or less, 10% by weight or less, 5% by weight or less, or 3% by weight or less. The liquid-repellent compound alone may be used as the repellent agent.

[0070] [Amine-modified compound] As an example of a liquid-repellent compound, an amine-modified compound will be described. The amine-modified compound is a compound obtained by chemically modifying an amine compound so as to exhibit liquid-repellency.

[0071] Due to their structure, the amine-modified compounds disclosed herein have excellent dispersibility in liquid media, and the repellents disclosed herein can have stable performance. Repellents that use polymeric compounds as active ingredients tend to have broad molecular weight distributions and contain relatively large amounts of impurities. On the other hand, amine-modified compounds can be made into low-molecular-weight compounds, narrowing (uniformizing) the molecular weight distribution, and can therefore have good performance.

[0072] [Structure etc.] The molecular weight of the amine-modified product may be 200 or more, 300 or more, 350 or more, 400 or more, 500 or more, 550 or more, or 750 or more, and may be 3000 or less, 2500 or less, 2000 or less, 1500 or less, 1000 or less, 900 or less, 800 or less, 750 or less, or 500 or less.

[0073] The amine-modified product of the present disclosure may not have an active hydrogen-containing group. Examples of the active hydrogen-containing group include an amino group (an amino group that is not adjacent to a carbonyl group, such as a primary or secondary amino group), a hydroxyl group, and a carboxyl group. In particular, the amine-modified product of the present disclosure may not have a primary or secondary amino group that is not adjacent to a carbonyl group.

[0074] The amine-modified product in the present disclosure may be a polyamide having a plurality of amide structures, for example, a polyamide having a plurality of modifying groups (for example, Z Ｎ ) may be a polyamide modified via an amide structure. Here, the amide may be an amide structure contained in a urethane group, a urea group, an imide, or the like.

[0075] The amine-modified product may be a compound obtained by modifying an amine (a starting amine compound) with a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent.

[0076] In the amine-modified product, one or more amino groups of the amine are substituted with a modifying group. The modifying group is preferably a monovalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. From the viewpoint of improving liquid repellency, the amine-modified product may have a structure in which an amine is modified with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms.

[0077] For details of the optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, the above description of the optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group is incorporated herein by reference.

[0078] (Amine skeleton) The amine modified product in the present disclosure has an amine skeleton. The amine skeleton has one or more amino groups with a predetermined number of bonds (valence) obtained by removing a predetermined number of atoms or atomic groups (e.g., hydrogen) from an amine compound. The amino group in the amine skeleton has one or more —NH ２ , -NH-, and -N(-) ２ and includes an amino group adjacent to a carbonyl group contained in an amide group, a urethane group, a urea group, an imide group, etc. The amine skeleton may be an aliphatic or aromatic group having one or more amino groups, and does not exclude the presence of heteroatoms other than nitrogen.

[0079] The molecular weight of the amine skeleton may be 30 or more, 50 or more, 100 or more, 200 or more, 300 or more, 400 or more, or 500 or more, and may be 2800 or less, 2500 or less, 2000 or less, 1500 or less, 1000 or less, 750 or less, 600 or less, 450 or less, 300 or less, or 250 or less.

[0080] The number of carbon atoms in the amine skeleton may be 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 6 or more, 8 or more, 10 or more, 12 or more, 14 or more, 16 or more, or 18 or more, and may be 100 or less, 80 or less, 60 or less, 40 or less, 30 or less, 20 or less, 10 or less, or 5 or less, preferably 50 or less, particularly 30 or less.

[0081] The amine skeleton has one or more amino groups. The amino group is a monovalent to trivalent amino group, and has the structure -NH ２ , -NH-, and -N(-) ２The number of amino groups in the amine skeleton may be 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, or 6 or more, preferably 2 or more, and may be 12 or less, 10 or less, 8 or less, 6 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, or 1.

[0082] The amine skeleton has a hydrocarbon group (an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group). The hydrocarbon group may be cyclic, branched, or linear. The hydrocarbon group may be saturated or unsaturated (e.g., saturated). Here, the hydrocarbon group may be interrupted by oxygen atoms and / or sulfur atoms, or may consist of only carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms, and hydrogen atoms. The hydrocarbon group may be a hydrocarbon group that may be interrupted by oxygen atoms and / or sulfur atoms (e.g., a chain-like saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having one to two hydrocarbon aromatic rings), or may be a general hydrocarbon group (e.g., a chain-like saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having one to two hydrocarbon aromatic rings). When the hydrocarbon group is interrupted by oxygen atoms and / or sulfur atoms, it has an ether, thioether, polyether, or polythioether structure. The number of hydrocarbon groups in the amine skeleton may be 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, or 6 or more, and may be 12 or less, 10 or less, 8 or less, 6 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, or 1.

[0083] The amine skeleton may be composed of a monovalent to trivalent amino group and a chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic hydrocarbon group which may be interrupted by an oxygen atom and / or a sulfur atom.

[0084] The molar ratio of carbon atoms to nitrogen atoms (C / N ratio) in the amine skeleton may be 1 or more, 2 or more, 2.5 or more, 3 or more, 3.5 or more, or 4 or more, and may be 8 or less, 7 or less, 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3.5 or less, 3 or less, 2.5 or less, or 2 or less, and is preferably 6 or less or 4 or less.

[0085] (-Y Ｎ -Z Ｎ ｎ The amine-modified compound in the present disclosure is represented by the following formula: Ｎ-Z Ｎ ｎ [In the formula, Y Ｎ is a direct bond or a group having a valence of 1+n; Z Ｎ is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and n is an integer of 1 to 3.] Ｎ -Z Ｎ ｎ may be bonded to a nitrogen atom of the amine skeleton.

[0086] The amine-modified compound has -Y Ｎ -Z Ｎ ｎ The number may be 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, or 6 or more, preferably 2 or more, and may be 12 or less, 10 or less, 8 or less, 6 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, or 1.

[0087] At least one -Y in the amine modification Ｎ -Z Ｎ ｎ is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the amine skeleton. Ｎ -Z Ｎ ｎ Among the number of -Y bonded to the nitrogen atom of the amine skeleton, Ｎ -Z Ｎ ｎ The proportion of the number of -Y groups not bonded to a nitrogen atom of the amine skeleton may be 10% or more, 30% or more, 60% or more, 80% or more, or 100%, and may be 100% or less, 95% or less, 75% or less, 50% or less, or 25% or less. Ｎ -Z Ｎ ｎ may be bonded to other groups (for example, hydrocarbon groups) carried by the amine skeleton.

[0088] (Y Ｎ ) Y Ｎ represents a direct bond or a group with a valence of (1+n), preferably a group with a valence of (1+n). Ｎ is an amine skeleton and n Z Ｎ It acts as a linker connecting the

[0089] n is YＮ Z combines with Ｎ and may be an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less. n may be 1 or more, 2 or more, or 3 or more, and may be 3 or less, 2 or less, or 1 or less, for example, 2 or less.

[0090] Y Ｎ may be an aliphatic group (unsaturated or saturated) or an aromatic group.

[0091] Y Ｎ The molecular weight of may be 10 or more, 50 or more, 100 or more, 200 or more, 300 or more, 500 or more, or 750 or more, and may be 2000 or less, 1500 or less, 1000 or less, 750 or less, 500 or less, or 300 or less.

[0092] Y Ｎ may have a carbonyl group. Ｎ may have one or more selected from the group consisting of an amide group, a urea group, a urethane group, and an imide group, or Y Ｎ may form one or more groups selected from the group consisting of an amide group, a urea group, a urethane group, and an imide group together with the amino group in the amine skeleton. Examples of such an amide group, a urea group, a urethane group, and an imide group include: -O-C(=O)-NR'-, -NR'-C(=O)-, -NR'-C(=O)-O-, -NR'-C(=O)-NR'- -C(=O)-NR'- -C(=O)-NR'-C(=O)- (wherein R' is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms).) Ｎ is preferably bonded to the nitrogen atom in the amine skeleton via a —(C═O)— group.

[0093] Y Ｎ represents a direct bond, —O—, —C(═O)—, —C(═NR′)—, —S—, —S(═O) ２ -, -C(=S)-, -NR'-, -C(OR')R'-, -C(OR')(-) ２ , -N(-) ２a di- to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a di- to tetravalent hydrocarbon aromatic ring, and a di- to tetravalent heterocyclic ring (wherein R' is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms)).

[0094] Y Ｎ Is Y Ｎ１ and Y Ｎ２ Y is a 1+n valent group consisting of one or more groups selected from the group consisting of Ｎ１ represents a direct bond, —O—, —C(═O)—, —C(═NR′)—, —S—, —S(═O) ２ -, -C(=S)-, -NR'-, -C(OR')R'-, -C(OR')(-) ２ , and -N(-) ２ (wherein R′ is independently in each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms), and Y Ｎ２ is a group consisting of one or more selected from the group consisting of divalent to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, divalent to tetravalent hydrocarbon aromatic rings, and divalent to tetravalent heterocycles, and may be a 1+n-valent group consisting of one or more selected from the group consisting of. Ｎ The group shown as follows has an amine skeleton on the left and Z on the right. Ｎ Combine with.

[0095] 〇 Y Ｎ１ Y Ｎ１ is a non-hydrocarbon linker.

[0096] Y Ｎ１ is a direct bond or a divalent or higher valent group. Ｎ１ The valence of Y may be 2 to 4, 2 to 3, or 2. Ｎ１ is preferably not only a direct bond.

[0097] Y Ｎ１The molecular weight of may be 10 or more, 50 or more, 100 or more, 200 or more, 300 or more, or 500 or more, and may be 2000 or less, 1500 or less, 1000 or less, 750 or less, or 500 or less.

[0098] Y Ｎ１ represents a direct bond, —O—, —C(═O)—, —C(═NR′)—, —S—, —S(═O) ２ -, -C(=S)-, -NR'-, -C(OR')R'-, -C(OR')(-) ２ , and -N(-) ２ (wherein R' in each occurrence is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms).) Ｎ１ Examples of include a direct bond, —O—, —O—C(═O)—, —O—C(═O)—O—, —O—C(═O)—NR′—, —NR′—, —NR′-C(═O)—O—, —NR′-C(═O)—NR′—, —C(═O)—O—, —C(═O)—NR′—, —C(═O)—NR′—, —C(═O)—NR′—C(═O)—NR′—, —C(═NR′)—, —S—, and —SO ２ -, -SO ２ NR'-, -C(OR')R'-, -C(OR')(-) ２ , -N(-) ２ [wherein, R' in each occurrence is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms).] Ｎ１ is bonded to a nitrogen atom of the amine skeleton, the nitrogen atom is considered to be part of the amine skeleton (amino group).

[0099] 〇 Y Ｎ２ Y Ｎ２ is a linker of a hydrocarbon ring which may have a substituent, a hydrocarbon aromatic ring which may have a substituent, or a heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent.

[0100] Y Ｎ２ Y may be a hydrocarbon group or a non-hydrocarbon group (including heteroatoms). Ｎ２Y may be aliphatic or aromatic. Ｎ２ may be linear, branched or cyclic.

[0101] Y Ｎ２ is a divalent or higher valent group. Ｎ２ The valency of may be, for example, 2-4, 2-3, or 2.

[0102] Y Ｎ２ may have 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 6 or more, 8 or more, 10 or more, 12 or more, 14 or more, 16 or more, or 18 or more carbon atoms, and may be 40 or less, 35 or less, 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, 10 or less, or 5 or less.

[0103] Y Ｎ２ is composed of one or more selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted di- to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, optionally substituted di- to tetravalent aromatic hydrocarbon rings, and optionally substituted di- to tetravalent heterocycles.

[0104] The di- to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms may be a cyclic, branched, or straight-chain hydrocarbon group. The di- to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms may be a saturated or unsaturated (e.g., saturated) aliphatic hydrocarbon group. The number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms may be 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 6 or more, 8 or more, or 10 or more, and may be 35 or less, 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, 10 or less, or 5 or less. The valence of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be 2 or more, 3 or more, or 4 or less, 3 or less, or 2.

[0105] The aliphatic hydrocarbon group may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent include —OR′ and —N(R′). ２, —COOR′, and halogen atoms (wherein R′, in each occurrence, is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms). The substituent may or may not have active hydrogen. The number of substituents may be 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, or 0. In the substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the amount of carbon atoms relative to the amount of carbon atoms and heteroatoms may be 70 mol% or more, 80 mol% or more, 90 mol% or more, 95 mol% or more, or 99 mol% or more, preferably 75 mol% or more, and may be 95 mol% or less, 90 mol% or less, 85 mol% or less, or 80 mol% or less.

[0106] Examples of divalent to tetravalent hydrocarbon aromatic rings include groups obtained by removing 2 to 4 hydrogen atoms from hydrocarbon aromatic rings such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, tetracene (naphthacene), pentacene, pyrene, and coronene. The number of ring-constituting atoms of the hydrocarbon aromatic ring is 3 to 20, 4 to 16, or 5 to 12, and preferably 5 to 12. The valence of the hydrocarbon aromatic ring may be 2 or more, 3 or more, or 4, or may be 4 or less, 3 or less, or 2.

[0107] The hydrocarbon aromatic ring may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent include -R', -OR', and -N(R'). ２ , —COOR′, and halogen atoms (wherein R′, in each occurrence, is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms). The substituent may or may not have active hydrogen. The number of substituents may be 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, or 0. In the substituted hydrocarbon aromatic ring, the amount of carbon atoms relative to the amount of carbon atoms and heteroatoms may be 70 mol% or more, 80 mol% or more, 90 mol% or more, 95 mol% or more, or 99 mol% or more, preferably 75 mol% or more, and may be 95 mol% or less, 90 mol% or less, 85 mol% or less, or 80 mol% or less.

[0108] The divalent to tetravalent heterocycle may be an aliphatic group or an aromatic group. Examples of divalent to tetravalent heterocycles include groups obtained by removing 2 to 4 hydrogen atoms from pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, triazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline, cinnoline, phthalazine, quinoxaline, pyrrole, indole, furan, benzofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, pyrazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, triazole, oxazole, benzoxazole, thiazole, benzothiazole, isothiazole, benzisothiazole, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, imidazolidine, thiazoline, etc. The number of ring-constituting atoms of the heterocycle is 3 to 20, 4 to 16, or 5 to 12, preferably 5 to 12. The valence of the heterocycle may be 2 or more, 3 or more, or 4, or 4 or less, 3 or less, or 2.

[0109] The heterocycle may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent include -R', -OR', and -N(R'). ２ , —COOR′, and halogen atoms (wherein R′, in each occurrence, is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms). The substituent may or may not have active hydrogen. The number of substituents may be 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, or 0. In the substituted heterocycle, the amount of carbon atoms relative to the amount of carbon atoms and heteroatoms may be 60 mol% or more, 70 mol% or more, 80 mol% or more, 90 mol% or more, 95 mol% or more, or 99 mol% or more, for example, 65 mol% or more, and may be 95 mol% or less, 90 mol% or less, 85 mol% or less, 80 mol% or less, or 70 mol% or less.

[0110] Y Ｎ２ Examples of -Ali- -Cy- -Ali(-) ２ -Cy(-) ２ (-) ２ Ali- (-) ２ Cy- (-) ２ Ali (-) ２ (-) ２ Cy(-)２ -Ali-Cy- -Cy-Ali- -Cy-Ali-Cy- -Ali-Cy-Ali- (wherein Ali is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and Cy is a hydrocarbon aromatic ring or heterocycle.)

[0111] Y Ｎ２ Specific examples of -(CH ２ ) ｐ -(p is 1 to 40, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10), a linear hydrocarbon group having an unsaturated bond and having 1 to 40, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon group having a branched structure and having 1 to 40, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms, -(CH ２ ) ｑ -Cy-(CH ２ ) ｒ -(q and r each independently represent a number from 0 to 20, for example, from 1 to 10, and Cy represents a hydrocarbon aromatic ring or a heterocycle), and the like.

[0112] ・Y Ｎ Example of Y Ｎ In the following, R' is independently in each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (for example, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms).

[0113] Y Ｎ An example of this is Y Ｎ When is divalent, -Y Ｎ１ -, -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -, -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -, -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -, -Y Ｎ２ -, -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -, -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -, -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -, etc.

[0114] Y ＮAs an example, when Y Ｎ is trivalent, -Y Ｎ１ (-) ２ , -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ (-) ２ , -Y Ｎ１ -(Y Ｎ２ -) ２ , -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ (-) ２ , -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ (-Y Ｎ１ -) ２ , -Y Ｎ１ -(Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -) ２ , -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ (-) ２ , -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -(Y Ｎ２ -) ２、 -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -(Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -) ２、 -Y Ｎ１ -(Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -) ２ ; -Y Ｎ２ (-)<00​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ (-) ２ ,-Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -(Y Ｎ１ -) ２、 -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -(Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -) ２、 -Y Ｎ２ -(Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -) ２ etc. can be mentioned.

[0115] Y Ｎ As an example of Y Ｎ when Y is tetravalent, -Y Ｎ１ (-) ３ ,-Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ (-) ３ ,-Y Ｎ１ -(Y Ｎ２ -) ３ ,-Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ (-) ３ ,-Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ (-Y Ｎ１ -) ３ ,-Y Ｎ１ -(Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -) ３ ,-Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ (-) ３ ,-Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -(Y Ｎ２ -) ３、 -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -(Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -) ３、 -Y Ｎ１ -(Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -) ３ ; -Y Ｎ２ (-) ３, -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ (-) ３ , -Y Ｎ２ -(Y Ｎ１ -) ３ , -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ (-) ３ , -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ (-Y Ｎ２ -) ３ , -Y Ｎ２ -(Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -) ３ , -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ (-) ３ , -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -(Y Ｎ１ -) ３、 -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -(Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -) ３、 -Y Ｎ２ -(Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -) ３ ; etc.

[0116] Y Ｎ Preferred examples of -Y Ｎ１ -, -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -, -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -, -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ (-) ２ , -Y Ｎ２ -, -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -, -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -, -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ (-) ２ In the amine-modified compound, one or more Y ＮHowever, it is preferred that the terminal on the amine skeleton side is -(C=O)- and that the bond is with a nitrogen atom in the amine skeleton.

[0117] Y Ｎ is preferably -Y Ｎ１ -, -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -, -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -, -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ (-) ２ , -Y Ｎ２ -, -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -, -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ -Y Ｎ２ -, -Y Ｎ２ -Y Ｎ１ (-) ２ , [wherein, Y Ｎ１ is independently in each occurrence a direct bond, —O—, —O—C(═O)—, —O—C(═O)—O—, —O—C(═O)—NR′—, —NR′—, —NR′-C(═O)—O—, —NR′-C(═O)—NR′—, —C(═O)—O—, or —C(═O)-NR′— —C(═O)-NR′-C(═O)— (wherein R′ is independently in each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms), and Y Ｎ２ is a divalent to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a divalent aromatic group (for example, a divalent phenyl group or a divalent triazole group). This makes it possible to impart good liquid repellency to the substrate.

[0118] Y Ｎ Further specific examples include *-(C=O)- -O-(C=O)-NR'- (wherein * means that the group is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the amine skeleton, and R' is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms)).

[0119] (Z Ｎ ) Z Ｎrepresents an optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, and the above description of (Optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group) is incorporated herein.

[0120] [Examples of Amine Modified Compounds] (Amine Modified Compound Example 1) Examples of amine modified compounds include those having the following formula: N(-Y Ｎ -Z Ｎ n ) p (-H) q -L 1 -[N(-Y Ｎ -Z Ｎ n ) r (-H) s -L 1 -] t -N(-Y Ｎ -Z Ｎ n ) p (-H) q [In the formula, Y Ｎ is independently in each occurrence a direct bond or a group with a valence of 1+n; Z Ｎ is independently in each occurrence an optionally substituted linear or branched monovalent hydrocarbon group having from 6 to 40 carbon atoms; L 1 is independently in each occurrence a divalent aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may be interrupted by an oxygen atom and / or a sulfur atom, n is independently in each occurrence an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less, p is independently in each occurrence an integer of 0 or more and 2 or less, q is independently in each occurrence an integer of 0 or more and 2 or less, and p+q is a substituted or unsubstituted group of each N(-Y Ｎ -Z Ｎ n ) p (-H) q In the formula, r is 2, r is independently in each occurrence 0 or 1, s is independently in each occurrence 0 or 1, and r+s is a 0 or 1 group for each N(-Y Ｎ -Z Ｎ n ) r (-H) sIn the formula (Amine Modification Example 1), p is 1, the sum of all p's and all r's is 1 or more, and t is an integer of 0 or more and 10 or less.

[0121] In the amine modified example 1, Y Ｎ , Z Ｎ , and n are described in detail above.

[0122] In the amine modified example 1, L １ is a divalent aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be interrupted by oxygen atoms and / or sulfur atoms, and may be a cyclic, branched, or straight-chain hydrocarbon group, and is preferably a straight-chain hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon. １ The hydrocarbon group in the above description of the [amine skeleton] may be used as L, and the hydrocarbon group may be interrupted by an oxygen atom and / or a sulfur atom, or may consist of only carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms, and hydrogen atoms. １ L may be, for example, a saturated or unsaturated (e.g., saturated) aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 2 hydrocarbon aromatic rings. １ is preferably a cyclic group having both a ring (for example, an aromatic ring) and a chain structure (for example, a linear structure, ether oxygen, or thioether sulfur), and specific examples include a 1,3-phenylenebisalkylene group, a 1,4-phenylenebisalkylene group, a diphenyletherdiyl group, and a diphenylthioetherdiyl group. １ may have 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 6 or more, 8 or more, 10 or more, or 12 or more carbon atoms, and may be 20 or less, 18 or less, 16 or less, 14 or less, 12 or less, 10 or less, 8 or less, 6 or less, 4 or less, or 3 or less.

[0123] In Amine Modification Example 1, p, in each occurrence, is independently an integer of 0 to 2, and q, in each occurrence, is independently an integer of 0 to 2, and p+q is a sum of the ... Ｎ -Z Ｎ n ) p (-H) qIn the formula, p is 2. Preferably, p may be independently in each occurrence 1 or more, for example 2.

[0124] In Amine Modification Example 1, r is independently in each occurrence 0 or 1, s is independently in each occurrence 0 or 1, and r+s is independently in each occurrence 0 or 1. Ｎ -Z Ｎ n ) r (-H) s In the formula, p is 1. Preferably, p is independently in each occurrence 1 or more, for example 2.

[0125] The sum of all p's and all r's is 1 or greater, i.e., Amine Modification Example 1 contains one or more -Y Ｎ -Z Ｎ ｎ The sum of all p's and all r's may be 1 or more, 3 or more, 5 or more, 7 or more, 9 or more, 12 or more (the sum of all q's and all s's may be 0), or may be 14 or less, 12 or less, 10 or less, 8 or less, 6 or less, or 4 or less.

[0126] In Amine Modification Example 1, t is an integer of 0 or more and 10 or less. t may be 0 or more, 1 or more, 2 or more, 4 or more, or 6 or more, and is preferably 0 or more or 2 or more, and t may be 8 or less, 6 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, or 1 or less, for example, 0 or 1.

[0127] (Amine Modification Example 2) Other examples of amine modifications include those represented by the following formula: N(-Y Ｎ -Z Ｎ n ) p (-H) q -L ２ (-Y Ｎ -Z Ｎ n ) u [In the formula, Y Ｎ is independently in each occurrence a direct bond or a group with a valence of 1+n; Z Ｎ is independently in each occurrence an optionally substituted linear or branched monovalent hydrocarbon group having from 6 to 40 carbon atoms; L ２is a 1+u valent aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be interrupted by oxygen atoms and / or sulfur atoms, n is independently an integer of 1 or greater and 3 or less in each occurrence, p is an integer of 0 or greater and 2 or less, q is an integer of 0 or greater and 2 or less, p+q is 2, u is an integer of 1 or greater and 3 or less, and the sum of p and u is 1 or greater.] (Amine Modification Example 2)

[0128] In the amine modified example 2, Y Ｎ , Z Ｎ The above explanation is used for details of and n.

[0129] In the amine modified example 2, L ２ is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms and a valence of 1+u, which may be interrupted by oxygen atoms and / or sulfur atoms, and may be a cyclic, branched, or straight-chain hydrocarbon group, and is preferably a straight-chain hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon. ２ The hydrocarbon group in the above description of the [amine skeleton] may be used as L, and the hydrocarbon group may be interrupted by an oxygen atom and / or a sulfur atom, or may consist of only carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms, and hydrogen atoms. ２ L may be, for example, a saturated or unsaturated (e.g., saturated) aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 2 hydrocarbon aromatic rings. ２ is preferably a cyclic group having both a ring (for example, an aromatic ring) and a chain structure (for example, a linear structure, ether oxygen, or thioether sulfur), and specific examples include a 1,3-phenylenebisalkylene group, a 1,4-phenylenebisalkylene group, a diphenyletherdiyl group, and a diphenylthioetherdiyl group. ２ may have 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 6 or more, 8 or more, 10 or more, or 12 or more carbon atoms, and may be 20 or less, 18 or less, 16 or less, 14 or less, 12 or less, 10 or less, 8 or less, 6 or less, 4 or less, or 3 or less.

[0130] In the amine modification example 2, p is an integer of 0 to 2, q is an integer of 0 to 2, and p+q is 2. Preferably, p may be 1 or more, for example, 2.

[0131] In the amine modification example 2, u is an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less. u is 1, 2, or 3, for example, 2 or 3.

[0132] In the amine modified example 2, the sum of p and u is 1 or more, that is, the amine modified example 2 has one or more -Y Ｎ -Z Ｎ ｎ The sum of all p's and u's may be 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, or 5 or more (the sum of all q's may be 0), and the sum of p's and u's may be 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, or 2 or less.

[0133] (Specific Example) Specific examples of the amine-modified compound include compounds represented by the following formula: In the following formula, the details of Z are as described above. Ｎ is used as a reference.

[0134]

[0135]

[0136]

[0137]

[0138]

[0139]

[0140]

[0141] The amine-modified wax may be a synthetic wax derived from animal or vegetable oils. The synthetic wax may be obtained by condensing a fatty acid derived from animal or vegetable oils with an aliphatic amine or an aromatic amine. Examples of the synthetic wax include fatty acid amide compounds such as hydroxy fatty acid amide compounds, palmitic acid amide compounds, octadecanoic acid amide compounds, stearic acid amide compounds, arachidic acid amide compounds, behenic acid amide compounds, lignoceric acid amide compounds, oleic acid amide compounds, linoleic acid amide compounds, α-linolenic acid amide compounds, γ-linolenic acid amide compounds, arachidonic acid amide compounds, eicosapentaenoic acid amide compounds, and docosahexaenoic acid amide compounds.

[0142] [Production Method] The method for producing the amine-modified compound is not limited, but may be carried out by reacting various amines (raw material amines) with Z in the presence of a condensing agent as needed. Ｎ A method for synthesizing by reacting a carboxylic acid containing a Z group with various amines. Ｎ Examples of the synthesis method include a method of reacting a group-containing carboxylic acid with an acid chloride, acid anhydride, isocyanate, etc. The condensing agent may be a known condensing agent, such as DCC, EDCI, CDI, BOP, COMU, DMT-MM, DPPA, or Py-Bop.

[0143] (Amine (raw material amine)) Examples of amines (raw material amines) that are precursors of the amine skeleton are those that can constitute an amine skeleton, and include alkylamines such as methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, and dibutylamine; alkylenediamines such as ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine, pentanediamine, hexamethylenediamine, cyclohexanediamine, and methylenebiscyclohexylamine; diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tris(2-aminoethyl)amine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, dipropylenetriamine, tripropylenetetramine, tris(2-aminopropyl)amine, tetrapropylenepentamine, pentapropylenehexamine, iminobispropylamine, dibutylenetriamine, bis(2-aminoethoxy)ethane, bis(2-aminoethyl)ether, bis[2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl]ether, and bis[2-(3-aminoprotoxy)ethyl] polyalkylenepolyamines such as ether, spermine, and spermidine; oxygen- or sulfur-containing aliphatic amines such as 1-aminopropanediol, 2-amino-1,3-propanediol, 3-amino-1,2-propanediol, polyoxypropylenediamine, and polyoxyethylenediamine; aromatic monoamines such as aniline, 1- or 2-naphthylamine, 1-, 2-, or 9-aminoanthracene, 9-aminophenanthracene, and 2-, 3-, or 4-aminobiphenyl; monocyclic aromatic polyamines such as o-, m-, or p-phenylenediamine, o-, m-, or p-xylylenediamine, diaminotoluene, and 2,3-, 2,4-, or 2,5-tolylenediamine;Diaminobiphenyl, bisaminophenoxyphenylpropane, diaminodiphenyl ether, diaminodiphenyl sulfide, diaminodiphenyl sulfone, diaminobenzophenone, diaminodiphenylmethane, diaminophenylpropane, diaminophenylhexafluoropropane, diaminophenyl phenylethane, bisaminophenoxybenzene, bisaminobenzoylbenzene, bisaminodimethylbenzylbenzene, aminophenoxybiphenyl, aminophenoxyphenylketone, bisaminoditrifluoromethylbenzylbenzene, aminophenoxyphenyl sulfone, aminophenoxyphenyl ether, aminophenoxyphenylpropane, bis(aminophenoxybenzoyl)benzene, bis(aminophenoxy-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)benzene, bis[(aminoaryloxy)benzoyl]diphenyl ether, bis(amino-α,α-dimethylbenzylphenoxy)benzophenone, aminophenoxyphenyl sulfide, bis[amino-α, α-dimethylbenzylphenoxy]diphenyl sulfone, 4,4'-bis[aminophenoxyphenoxy]diphenyl sulfone, diaminodiaryloxybenzophenone, Polycyclic aromatic polyamines such as diaminoaryloxybenzophenone, 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 4,4'-diaminotriphenylmethane, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 4,4'-methylenebisaniline, 4,4'-oxydianiline, 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, and 4,4'-bis(aminophenyl)amine; oxygen- or sulfur-containing polycyclic aromatic polyamines such as 2,2'-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane, 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfide;Examples of the polyamine include hydroxyl group-containing polyamines such as 2-hydroxyethylethylenediamine, 2-hydroxyethylpropylenediamine, di-2-hydroxyethylethylenediamine, di-2-hydroxyethylpropylenediamine, 2-hydroxypropylethylenediamine, and di-2-hydroxypropylethylenediamine. The polyamine may be a polymerized product of a polymerizable compound such as allylamine.

[0144] [Modified Polyol] As an example of a liquid-repellent compound, a modified polyol will be described. The modified polyol is a compound obtained by chemically modifying a polyol so as to exhibit liquid-repellency.

[0145] [Structure etc.] The polyol-modified product may be a polymer having a degree of polymerization of 1 or more. From the viewpoint of improving liquid repellency, the degree of polymerization of the polyol-modified product may be 2 or more, 3 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, preferably 7 or more, more preferably 8 or more, and even more preferably 9 or more, and from the viewpoint of improving the handleability of the repellent, it may be 100 or less, preferably 50 or less, more preferably 30 or less, and even more preferably 15 or less. Here, the degree of polymerization means the number of repeating monomer units constituting the polymer.

[0146] The degree of polymerization in the present disclosure refers to the average degree of polymerization. The average degree of polymerization in the present disclosure refers to the polymerization obtained by measurement under the following conditions. When the polyol-modified product in the present disclosure is a polyglycerol-modified product obtained by modifying polyglycerol, the degree of polymerization of the polyol-modified product refers to the average degree of polymerization of the polyglycerol. The average degree of polymerization of polyglycerol is the average degree of polymerization (n) calculated from the hydroxyl value by end group analysis. Specifically, the average degree of polymerization and the average molecular weight are calculated from the following formulas (Formula 1) and (Formula 2). (Formula 1) Average molecular weight = 74n + 18 (Formula 2) Hydroxyl value = 56110(n + 2) / average molecular weight The hydroxyl value in the above (Formula 2) is a numerical value that serves as an index of the number of hydroxyl groups contained in the polyglycerol. The hydroxyl value is calculated from the amount of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the acetic acid required to acetylate the free hydroxyl groups contained in 1 g of polyglycerol, and is calculated in accordance with "Standard Test Methods for the Analysis of Fats, Oils and Related Compounds (I), 2003 Edition," compiled by the Japan Oil Chemists' Society. The hydroxyl value of the raw material polyglycerol is measured according to the above-mentioned Standard Test Methods for the Analysis of Fats, Oils and Related Compounds, and the average degree of polymerization and average molecular weight of the polyglycerol can be calculated from the above-mentioned relational equation.

[0147] When the polyol-modified product in the present disclosure is a polyvinyl alcohol-modified product obtained by modifying polyvinyl alcohol, the degree of polymerization of the polyol-modified product refers to the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol, which can be measured in accordance with JIS K 6726, Testing Method for Polyvinyl Alcohol.

[0148] When the polyol-modified product in the present disclosure is a polysaccharide-modified product obtained by modifying a polysaccharide, the degree of polymerization of the polyol-modified product refers to the average degree of polymerization of the polysaccharide. Analysis of the average degree of polymerization of a polysaccharide can be performed as follows. The degree of polymerization refers to the number of monosaccharide units (fructose and glucose units) in the polysaccharide, and the average degree of polymerization is determined, for example, by taking the top of the peak in each analysis result obtained by a conventional analytical method such as HPLC, GC, or HPAEC as the average degree of polymerization. Measurements can be performed using, for example, an ULTRON PS-80N (8 x 300 mm) column manufactured by Shinwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (solvent: water, flow rate: 0.5 ml / min, temperature: 50°C) or a TSK-GEL G30000 PWXL (7.8 x 300 mm) column manufactured by TOSOH Corporation (solvent: water, flow rate: 0.5 ml / min, temperature: 50°C) and a differential refractometer as a detector.

[0149] The modified polyol may be low molecular weight (eg, weight average molecular weight less than 1500, less than 1000, 500 or less) and / or high molecular weight. The weight average molecular weight of the polyol-modified product may be 100 or more, 200 or more, 300 or more, 400 or more, 500 or more, 1000 or more, 3000 or more, 5000 or more, 10,000 or more, 30,000 or more, 100,000 or more, 300,000 or more, or 500,000 or more; or may be 1,000,000 or less, 750,000 or less, 500,000 or less, 300,000 or less, 100,000 or less, 75,000 or less, 50,000 or less, 30,000 or less, 10,000 or less, 9,000 or less, 8,000 or less, 7,000 or less, 6,000 or less, 5,000 or less, 3,000 or less, 2,000 or less, 1,000 or less, or 500 or less.

[0150] The substitution rate of hydroxy groups in the modified polyol may be 1% or more, 3% or more, 5% or more, 10% or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, 90% or more, or 100%, and is preferably 10% or more, for example, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, particularly 80% or more, and may be 100% or less, 95% or less, 85% or less, 75% or less, 65% or less, 55% or less, 45% or less, 35% or less, 25% or less, 15% or less, for example, 95% or less. Here, the "substitution rate" refers to the proportion (mol%) of hydroxy groups derived from the polyol that are modified, and may refer to the proportion (mol%) that are modified with optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbon groups having from 6 to 40 carbon atoms.

[0151] The residual rate of hydroxyl groups in the polyol-modified product may be 1% or more, 3% or more, 5% or more, 10% or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, or 90% or more, for example, 5% or more, and may be 100% or less, 95% or less, 85% or less, 75% or less, 65% or less, 55% or less, 45% or less, 35% or less, 25% or less, 15% or less, or 5% or less, for example, 50% or less, 30% or less, or 10% or less. Here, the "residual rate" refers to the proportion (mol %) of hydroxyl groups derived from the polyol that are not modified.

[0152] The number of modifying groups in the modified polyol may be 2 or more, 5 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 12 or more, 15 or more, 30 or more, or 50 or more, and may be 1000 or less, 750 or less, 500 or less, 300 or less, 100 or less, 50 or less, 30 or less, or 20 or less. Here, the modifying group is preferably a monovalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent.

[0153] The modifying group equivalent of the polyol modified product may be 150 or more, 250 or more, 350 or more, 450 or more, 550 or more, 650 or more, 750 or more, or 1000 or more, and may be 2500 or less, 2000 or less, 1500 or less, 1000 or less, 750 or less, 500 or less, or 400 or less. This is the value obtained by dividing the weight-average molecular weight of the polyol modified product by the number of modifying groups. Here, the modifying group is preferably a monovalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent.

[0154] In the modified polyol, one or more hydroxy groups of the polyol are substituted with a modifying group. The modifying group is preferably a monovalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. From the viewpoint of improving liquid repellency, the modified polyol may have a structure in which a polyol is modified with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 6 to 40 carbon atoms.

[0155] For details of the optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, the above description of the optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group is incorporated herein by reference.

[0156] (-Y Ｏ -Z Ｏ ｎ In the present disclosure, the modified polyol is a polyol in which one or more hydroxy groups of the polyol are represented by the following formula: Ｏ -Z Ｏ ｎ [In the formula, Y Ｏ Is Y Ｏ１ and Y Ｏ２ Y is a 1+n valent group consisting of one or more groups selected from the group consisting of Ｏ１ represents a direct bond, —O—, —C(═O)—, —C(═NR′)—, —S—, —S(═O) ２ -, -C(=S)-, -NR'-, -C(OR')R'-, -C(OR')(-) ２ , and -N(-) ２ (wherein R′ is independently in each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms), and Y Ｏ２is a group consisting of one or more members selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted di- to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, optionally substituted di- to tetravalent hydrocarbon aromatic rings, and optionally substituted di- to tetravalent heterocycles, Ｏ represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and n is an integer of 1 to 3.

[0157] (Y Ｏ ) Y Ｏ Is Y Ｏ１ and Y Ｏ２ Y is a 1+n valent group consisting of one or more groups selected from the group consisting of Ｏ１ represents a direct bond, —O—, —C(═O)—, —C(═NR′)—, —S—, —S(═O) ２ -, -C(=S)-, -NR'-, -C(OR')R'-, -C(OR')(-) ２ , and -N(-) ２ (wherein R′ is independently in each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms), and Y Ｏ２ is a group composed of one or more members selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted di- to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, optionally substituted di- to tetravalent aromatic hydrocarbon rings, and optionally substituted di- to tetravalent heterocycles.

[0158] n is Y Ｏ Z combines with Ｏ and may be an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less. n may be 1 or more, 2 or more, or 3 or more, and may be 3 or less, 2 or less, or 1 or less, for example, 2 or less.

[0159] Y Ｏ The molecular weight of may be 10 or more, 50 or more, 100 or more, 200 or more, 300 or more, 500 or more, or 750 or more, and may be 3000 or less, 2500 or less, 2000 or less, 1500 or less, 1000 or less, 750 or less, 500 or less, 300 or less, 200 or less, 100 or less, or 50 or less.

[0160] Y Ｏ may contain at least an amide group, a urethane group, a urea group, an imide group, a thioamide group, a thiourethane group, a thiourea group, a thioimide group, a sulfonamide group, a sulfoneurea group, a sulfoneurethane group, or a sulfonimide group. Ｏ is -C(=O)-NR'-, -C(=S)-NR'-, -OC(=O)-NR'-, -NR'-C(=O)-, -NR'-C(=O)-NR'- or -SO ２ It may contain NR'-. Ｏ By including these groups, the liquid repellency can be improved.

[0161] ○ Y Ｏ１ Y Ｏ１ is a non-hydrocarbon linker.

[0162] Y Ｏ１ is a direct bond or a divalent or higher valent group. Ｏ１ The valence of Y may be 2 to 4, 2 to 3, or 2. Ｏ１ is preferably not only a direct bond.

[0163] Y Ｏ１ The molecular weight of may be 10 or more, 50 or more, 100 or more, 200 or more, 300 or more, or 500 or more, and may be 2000 or less, 1500 or less, 1000 or less, 750 or less, or 500 or less.

[0164] Y Ｏ１ represents a direct bond, —O—, —C(═O)—, —S(═O) ２ -, -NR'-, -C(OR')R'-, and -C(OR')(-) ２ (wherein R' in each occurrence is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms).) Ｏ１ Examples of include a direct bond, —O—, —O—C(═O)—, —O—C(═O)—O—, —O—C(═O)—NR′—, —NR′—, —NR′-C(═O)—O—, —NR′-C(═O)—NR′—, —C(═O)—, —C(═O)—O—, —C(═O)—NR′—, —SO２ -, -SO ２ NR'-, -C(OR')R'-, -C(OR')(-) ２ and the like (wherein R' in each occurrence is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (eg, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms).

[0165] Y Ｏ１ may contain at least an amide group, a urethane group, a urea group, an imide group, a thioamide group, a thiourethane group, a thiourea group, a thioimide group, a sulfonamide group, a sulfoneurea group, a sulfoneurethane group, or a sulfonimide group. Ｏ２ is -C(=O)-NR'-, -OC(=O)-NR'-, -NR'-C(=O)-, -NR'-C(=O)-NR'- or -SO ２ It may contain NR'-. Ｏ１ By including these groups, the liquid repellency can be improved.

[0166] ○ Y Ｏ２ Y Ｏ２ is a linker of a hydrocarbon ring which may have a substituent, a hydrocarbon aromatic ring which may have a substituent, or a heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent.

[0167] Y Ｏ２ Y may be a hydrocarbon group or a non-hydrocarbon group (including heteroatoms). Ｏ２ Y may be aliphatic or aromatic. Ｏ２ may be linear, branched or cyclic.

[0168] Y Ｏ２ is a divalent or higher valent group. Ｏ２ The valency of may be, for example, 2-4, 2-3, or 2.

[0169] Y Ｏ２ may have 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 6 or more, 8 or more, 10 or more, 12 or more, 14 or more, 16 or more, or 18 or more carbon atoms, and may be 40 or less, 35 or less, 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, 10 or less, or 5 or less.

[0170] Y Ｏ２is composed of one or more selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted di- to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, optionally substituted di- to tetravalent aromatic hydrocarbon rings, and optionally substituted di- to tetravalent heterocycles.

[0171] The di- to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms may be a cyclic, branched, or straight-chain hydrocarbon group. The di- to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms may be a saturated or unsaturated (e.g., saturated) aliphatic hydrocarbon group. The number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms may be 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 6 or more, 8 or more, or 10 or more, and may be 35 or less, 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, 10 or less, or 5 or less. The valence of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be 2 or more, 3 or more, or 4 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, or 2.

[0172] The aliphatic hydrocarbon group may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent include —OR′ and —N(R′). ２ , —COOR′, and halogen atoms (wherein R′, in each occurrence, is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms). The substituent may or may not have active hydrogen. The number of substituents may be 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, or 0. In the substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the amount of carbon atoms relative to the amount of carbon atoms and heteroatoms may be 70 mol% or more, 80 mol% or more, 90 mol% or more, 95 mol% or more, or 99 mol% or more, preferably 75 mol% or more, and may be 95 mol% or less, 90 mol% or less, 85 mol% or less, or 80 mol% or less.

[0173] Examples of divalent to tetravalent hydrocarbon aromatic rings include groups obtained by removing 2 to 4 hydrogen atoms from hydrocarbon aromatic rings such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, tetracene (naphthacene), pentacene, pyrene, and coronene. The number of ring-constituting atoms of the hydrocarbon aromatic ring is 3 to 20, 4 to 16, or 5 to 12, and preferably 5 to 12. The valence of the hydrocarbon aromatic ring may be 2 or more, 3 or more, or 4, or 4 or less, 3 or less, or 2.

[0174] The hydrocarbon aromatic ring may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent include -R', -OR', and -N(R'). ２ , —COOR′, and halogen atoms (wherein R′, in each occurrence, is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms). The substituent may or may not have active hydrogen. The number of substituents may be 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, or 0. In the substituted hydrocarbon aromatic ring, the amount of carbon atoms relative to the amount of carbon atoms and heteroatoms may be 70 mol% or more, 80 mol% or more, 90 mol% or more, 95 mol% or more, or 99 mol% or more, preferably 75 mol% or more, and may be 95 mol% or less, 90 mol% or less, 85 mol% or less, or 80 mol% or less.

[0175] The divalent to tetravalent heterocycle may be an aliphatic group or an aromatic group. Examples of divalent to tetravalent heterocycles include groups obtained by removing 2 to 4 hydrogen atoms from pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, triazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline, cinnoline, phthalazine, quinoxaline, pyrrole, indole, furan, benzofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, pyrazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, triazole, oxazole, benzoxazole, thiazole, benzothiazole, isothiazole, benzisothiazole, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, imidazolidine, thiazoline, etc. The number of ring-constituting atoms of the heterocycle is 3 to 20, 4 to 16, or 5 to 12, preferably 5 to 12. The valence of the heterocycle may be 2 or more, 3 or more, or 4, or 4 or less, 3 or less, or 2.

[0176] The heterocycle may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent include -R', -OR', and -N(R'). ２ , —COOR′, and halogen atoms (wherein R′, in each occurrence, is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms). The substituent may or may not have active hydrogen. The number of substituents may be 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, or 0. In the substituted heterocycle, the amount of carbon atoms relative to the amount of carbon atoms and heteroatoms may be 60 mol% or more, 70 mol% or more, 80 mol% or more, 90 mol% or more, 95 mol% or more, or 99 mol% or more, for example, 65 mol% or more, or 95 mol% or less, 90 mol% or less, 85 mol% or less, 80 mol% or less, or 70 mol% or less.

[0177] Y Ｏ２ Examples of -Ali- -Cy- -Ali(-) ２ -Cy(-) ２ (-) ２ Ali- (-) ２ Cy- (-) ２ Ali (-) ２ (-) ２ Cy(-)２ -Ali-Cy- -Cy-Ali- -Cy-Ali-Cy- -Ali-Cy-Ali- (wherein Ali is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and Cy is a hydrocarbon aromatic ring or heterocycle.)

[0178] Y Ｏ２ Specific examples of -(CH ２ ) ｐ -(p is 1 to 40, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10), a linear hydrocarbon group having an unsaturated bond and having 1 to 40, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon group having a branched structure and having 1 to 40, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms, -(CH ２ ) ｑ -Cy-(CH ２ ) ｒ -(q and r each independently represent a number from 0 to 20, for example, from 1 to 10, and Cy represents a hydrocarbon aromatic ring or a heterocycle), and the like.

[0179] (Y Ｏ Example: Y Ｏ In the following, R' is independently in each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (for example, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms).

[0180] Y Ｏ An example of this is Y Ｏ When is divalent, -Y Ｏ１ -, -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -, -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -, -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -, -Y Ｏ２ -, -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -, -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -, -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ --etc.

[0181] Y ＯAs an example, when Y Ｏ is trivalent, -Y Ｏ１ (-) ２ , -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ (-) ２ , -Y Ｏ１ -(Y Ｏ２ -) ２ , -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ (-) ２ , -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ (-Y Ｏ１ -) ２ , -Y Ｏ１ -(Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -) ２ , -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ (-) ２ , -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -(Y Ｏ２ -) ２、 -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -(Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -) ２、 -Y Ｏ１ -(Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -) ２ ; -Y Ｏ２ (-) ２ , -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ (-) ２ , -Y Ｏ２ -(Y Ｏ１ -) ２ , -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ (-) ２ , -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ (-Y Ｏ２ -) ２ , -Y Ｏ２ -(Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -) ２ , -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -YＯ２ -Y Ｏ１ (-) ２ 、-Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -(Y Ｏ１ -) ２、 -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -(Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -) ２、 -Y Ｏ２ -(Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -) ２ etc. can be mentioned.

[0182] Y Ｏ As an example of Y Ｏ when Y is tetravalent, -Y Ｏ１ (-) ３ 、-Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ (-) ３ 、-Y Ｏ１ -(Y Ｏ２ -) ３ 、-Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ (-) ３ 、-Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ (-Y Ｏ１ )-) ３ 、-Y Ｏ１ -(Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -) ３ 、-Y<​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​, -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ (-) ３ , -Y Ｏ２ -(Y Ｏ１ -) ３ , -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ (-) ３ , -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ (-Y Ｏ２ -) ３ , -Y Ｏ２ -(Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -) ３ , -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ (-) ３ , -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -(Y Ｏ１ -) ３、 -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -(Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -) ３、 -Y Ｏ２ -(Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -) ３ ; etc.

[0183] Y Ｏ Preferred examples of -Y Ｏ１ -, -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -, -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -, -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ (-) ２ , -Y Ｏ２ -, -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -, -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ -Y Ｏ２ -, -Y Ｏ２ -Y Ｏ１ (-) ２ , etc.

[0184] (Preferred Y ＯPreferably, Y Ｏ ga -O-Y Ｏ１１ - or -O-Y Ｏ１１ -Y Ｏ２１ -Y Ｏ１２ wherein each symbol represents independently at each occurrence: Y Ｏ１１ is a direct bond, —C(═O)—, —C(═O)—NR′—, or —C(═S)—NR′—; Y Ｏ２１ is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, and Y Ｏ１２ is -O-, -OC(=O)-, -OC(=O)-O-, -C(=O)-NR'-, -OC(=O)-NR'-, -NR'-, -NR'-C(= O)-, -NR'-C(=O)-O-, -NR'-C(=O)-NR'-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)-O-, -C(=O)-NR'-, -SO ２ -, -SO ２ NR'-, -C(OR')R'-, or -C(OR')(-) ２ ], or

[0185] Y Ｏ１１ is a non-hydrocarbon linker, which is a direct bond or a divalent or higher valent group.

[0186] Y Ｏ１１ The molecular weight of may be 10 or more, 50 or more, 100 or more, 200 or more, 300 or more, or 500 or more, and may be 2000 or less, 1500 or less, 1000 or less, 750 or less, or 500 or less.

[0187] Y Ｏ１１ may be a direct bond, —C(═O)—, —C(═O)—NR′—, or —C(═S)—NR′—.

[0188] Y Ｏ２１ is a divalent hydrocarbon linker, which may be a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms.

[0189] Y Ｏ２１ may have 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 6 or more, 8 or more, 10 or more, 12 or more, 14 or more, 16 or more, or 18 or more carbon atoms, and may be 40 or less, 35 or less, 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, 10 or less, or 5 or less.

[0190] Here, the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms may be a cyclic, branched, or straight chain hydrocarbon group, and may be a saturated or unsaturated (eg, saturated) aliphatic hydrocarbon group.

[0191] Y Ｏ２１ Specific examples of -(CH ２ ) ｐ -(p is 1 to 40, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10), a linear hydrocarbon group having an unsaturated bond and having 1 to 40, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon group having a branched structure and having 1 to 40, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms, -(CH ２ ) ｑ -Cy-(CH ２ ) ｒ -(q and r each independently represent a number from 0 to 20, for example, from 1 to 10, and Cy represents a hydrocarbon aromatic ring or a heterocycle), and the like.

[0192] Y Ｏ１２ -O-, -OC(=O)-, -OC(=O)-O-, -OC(=O)-NR'-, -NR'-, -NR'-C(=O)-, - NR'-C(=O)-O-, -NR'-C(=O)-NR'-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)-O-, -C(=O)-NR'-, -SO ２ -, -SO ２ NR'-, -C(OR')R'-, or -C(OR')(-) ２ It may be.

[0193] Y Ｏ１２ may contain at least an amide group, a urethane group, a urea group, an imide group, a thioamide group, a thiourethane group, a thiourea group, a thioimide group, a sulfonamide group, a sulfoneurea group, a sulfoneurethane group, or a sulfonimide group. Ｏ１２ is -C(=O)-NR'-, -OC(=O)-NR'-, -NR'-C(=O)-, -NR'-C(=O)-NR'- or -SO ２ It may be NR'-. Ｃ１２ By including these groups, the liquid repellency can be improved.

[0194] (Z Ｏ ) Z Ｏrepresents an optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, and the above description of (Optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group) is incorporated herein.

[0195] [Other modifying groups] The hydroxy group of the polyol is -Y Ｏ -Z Ｏ ｎ Examples of modifying groups are anionic and / or cationic groups.

[0196] Examples of the anionic group include a monomer having a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, or a phosphoric acid group.

[0197] Examples of salts of anionic groups include alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, and ammonium salts, such as methylammonium salts, ethanolammonium salts, and triethanolammonium salts.

[0198] The cationic group is an amino group, preferably a tertiary amino group or a quaternary amino group. In the tertiary amino group, two groups bonded to the nitrogen atom may be the same or different and may be an aliphatic group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms (particularly an alkyl group), an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms (aryl group), or an araliphatic group having 7 to 25 carbon atoms (particularly an aralkyl group, for example a benzyl group (C ６ H ５ -CH ２ In the quaternary amino group, the three groups bonded to the nitrogen atom are the same or different and are an aliphatic group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms (particularly an alkyl group), an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms (aryl group), or an araliphatic group having 7 to 25 carbon atoms (particularly an aralkyl group, for example a benzyl group (C ６ H ５ -CH ２ In the tertiary amino group and the quaternary amino group, the remaining group bonded to the nitrogen atom may have a carbon-carbon double bond. The cationic group may be in the form of a salt.

[0199] The cationic group in the form of a salt is a salt with an acid (organic acid or inorganic acid). Organic acids, such as carboxylic acids having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (particularly monocarboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and stearic acid) are preferred.

[0200] [Production Method] The modified polyol may be produced by reacting a modifying agent having a modifying group (or a precursor structure of the modifying group) with a hydroxy group of a polyol.

[0201] (Polyol) A polyol is a compound having two or more hydroxy groups and is a compound that serves as a raw material for a modified polyol. A polyol is a compound having two or more hydroxy groups in the molecule. The polyol may be aliphatic or aromatic, but is preferably aliphatic.

[0202] The polyol may have an ether bond. Preferably, the polyol may have two or more ether bonds. Specifically, the polyol is preferably a compound having two or more hydroxy groups and two or more ether bonds. In other words, the polyol is preferably a polyether having two or more hydroxy groups.

[0203] When the polyol is a polymer, the repeating structure of the monomer unit may contain a hydroxy group and an ether bond.

[0204] The polyol may be low molecular weight (e.g., weight average molecular weight less than 1,000, 500 or less) and / or high molecular weight. The weight average molecular weight of the polyol may be 50 or more, 100 or more, 300 or more, 500 or more, 1,000 or more, 3,000 or more, 5,000 or more, 10,000 or more, 30,000 or more, 100,000 or more, 300,000 or more, or 500,000 or more; or 1,000,000 or less, 750,000 or less, 500,000 or less, 300,000 or less, 100,000 or less, 75,000 or less, 50,000 or less, 30,000 or less, 10,000 or less, 5,000 or less, 3,000 or less, 2,000 or less, 1,000 or less, or 500 or less.

[0205] The number of hydroxy groups in the polyol may be 2 or more, 5 or more, 7 or more, 10 or more, 15 or more, 30 or more, 50 or more, or 100 or more, and may be 3000 or less, 1000 or less, 750 or less, 500 or less, 300 or less, 100 or less, 50 or less, 30 or less, or 20 or less.

[0206] The hydroxy group equivalent weight of the polyol may be 20 or more, 40 or more, 60 or more, 80 or more, 100 or more, 120 or more, or 150 or more, and may be 1000 or less, 800 or less, 600 or less, 400 or less, 200 or less, 100 or less, or 75 or less. The hydroxy group equivalent weight of the polyol is the value obtained by dividing the weight average molecular weight of the polyol by the number of hydroxyl groups.

[0207] The polyol may be a natural product. The natural product may be a high molecular weight natural product, a low molecular weight natural product, or a derivative thereof. The above natural products also include compounds converted from microorganisms. Examples of polyols include monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, sugar alcohols (reducing sugars), hydroxy acids, amino acids, vitamins, flavonols, hydroxy hydrocarbons, hydroxy group-containing compound polymers, polyether polyols, polymer polyols, polyester polyols, and other polyols.

[0208] Examples of monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, galactose, and xylose.

[0209] Examples of oligosaccharides include sucrose, cycloamylose, cyclodextrin, maltose, trehalose, lactose, and sucralose.

[0210] Examples of sugar alcohols (reducing sugars) include sorbitol, maltitol, erythritol, isomalt, lactitol, mannitol, xylitol, sorbitan, and lactitol.

[0211] Examples of polysaccharides include starch, cellulose, curdlan, pullulan, alginic acid, carrageenan, guar gum, chitin, chitosan, locust bean gum, kappa carrageenan, iota carrageenan, isomaltodextrin, gellan gum, and tamarind seed gum.

[0212] Examples of hydroxy acids include ascorbic acid, kojic acid, quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and gluconic acid.

[0213] Examples of amino acids include glucosamine.

[0214] Examples of vitamins include ascorbic acid and inositol.

[0215] Examples of flavonols include catechin, quercetin, and anthocyanin.

[0216] Examples of hydroxy hydrocarbons include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, trimethylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, etc. Hydroxy hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons having a hydroxy group and may be aromatic or aliphatic, but are preferably aliphatic. The term "hydroxy hydrocarbon" may also refer to hydroxy hydrocarbons other than compounds included in other groups such as polysaccharides (other hydroxy hydrocarbons).

[0217] Examples of the hydroxy group-containing compound polymer include polyglycerin, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate polymer, hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate polymer, and hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate polymer.

[0218] An example of a polyether polyol may be a compound obtained by addition polymerization of an alkylene oxide with an initiator. Examples of initiators include compounds having two or more functional hydroxyl groups. Examples of initiators include propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerin, polyglycerin, trimethylolpropane, triethanolamine, pentaerythritol, ethylenediamine, aromatic diamines, diethylenetriamine, sorbitol, and sucrose. Examples of alkylene oxides include ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Polyether polyols obtained by addition polymerization of alkylene oxide with the above initiators are also referred to as polyoxyalkylene polyols or oxyalkylene derivatives of polyols. Representative examples of polyether polyols include polyoxypropylene triols obtained by addition polymerization of propylene oxide with glycerin, and polyoxypropylene polyglyceryl ethers obtained by addition polymerization of propylene oxide with polyglycerin.

[0219] An example of a polymer polyol is a compound obtained by polymerizing at least a portion of a polyether polyol with an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, such as acrylonitrile or styrene.

[0220] Examples of polyester polyols include compounds obtained by dehydration condensation of a compound having a bifunctional or higher carboxyl group and a compound having a bifunctional or higher hydroxyl group. Examples of compounds having a bifunctional or higher carboxyl group include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, methylphthalic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, methyltetrahydrophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, and acid anhydrides thereof. Examples of compounds having a bifunctional or higher hydroxyl group include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, propanediol, neopentyl glycol, glycerin, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and polymers thereof.

[0221] (Modifying Agent) The modifying agent is a compound reactive with polyol, and is preferably the above-mentioned compound having a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.

[0222] Examples of modifying agents are: Acid halides G(O=)C-Z Ｏ Acid anhydride O(C(=O)-Z Ｏ ) ２ Carboxylic acid HO(O=)C-Z Ｏ Isocyanate O=C=N-Z Ｏ Thioisocyanate S=C=N-Z Ｏ Epoxy (CH ２ OCH)CH ２ O-Z Ｏ Halide G-Z Ｏ Amine H ２ N-Z Ｏ Hydroxy HO-Z Ｏ [In the formula, Z Ｏ is as defined above, and G is a halogen atom (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I).

[0223] Z in the structure of the above-mentioned modifier Ｏmay be replaced with any group constituting the modifying group, for example, Z Ｏ may be a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or may be, for example, Z Ｏ Wo-Y Ｏ -Z Ｏ ｎ It may also be possible to use the following.

[0224] The modified polyol may be synthesized by reacting a polyol with a modifying agent. For example, a modified polyol can be synthesized by reacting a modifying agent such as an acid halide compound, an acid anhydride, or a carboxylic acid with a hydroxy group of a polyol to form an ester bond. Alternatively, a modified polyol can be produced by reacting a modifying agent such as a halide or an epoxy compound with a hydroxy group of a polyol to form an ether bond. Those skilled in the art can appropriately design the reaction conditions between the polyol and the modifying agent, such as by using a catalyst (e.g., an acid catalyst or a base catalyst) or a condensing agent, depending on the desired product.

[0225] [Polycarboxylic Acid Modified Compound] As an example of a liquid-repellent compound, a polycarboxylic acid modified compound will be described. The polycarboxylic acid modified compound is a compound obtained by chemically modifying a polycarboxylic acid so as to exhibit liquid repellency.

[0226] [Structure etc.] The modified polycarboxylic acid may be a low molecular weight (for example, a weight average molecular weight of less than 1500, less than 1000, or 500 or less) and / or a high molecular weight. The weight average molecular weight of the polycarboxylic acid modified product may be 100 or more, 200 or more, 300 or more, 400 or more, 500 or more, 1,000 or more, 3,000 or more, 5,000 or more, 10,000 or more, 30,000 or more, 100,000 or more, 300,000 or more, or 500,000 or more; and may be 1,000,000 or less, 750,000 or less, 500,000 or less, 300,000 or less, 100,000 or less, 75,000 or less, 50,000 or less, 30,000 or less, 10,000 or less, 9,000 or less, 8,000 or less, 7,000 or less, 6,000 or less, 5,000 or less, 3,000 or less, 2,000 or less, 1,000 or less, or 500 or less.

[0227] The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and number-average molecular weight (Mn) of the polycarboxylic acid-modified product may be values ​​measured by GFC analysis using polyethylene glycol / polyethylene oxide as a standard sample with the following equipment and conditions: Separation column: SB-806M (8 mm x 30 mm, Shodex) Column temperature: 40°C Mobile phase solvent: ion-exchanged water Mobile phase flow rate: 1.0 mL / min Sample concentration: 0.5 wt% Injection volume: 50 μL Detector: RI detector (Waters 2414, Waters Corporation)

[0228] The weight average molecular weight (Mw), number average molecular weight (Mn) and polydispersity index (Mw / Mn) of the polycarboxylic acid modified product, calculated in terms of polystyrene, may be determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using tetrahydrofuran (THF) as an eluent and Shodex KF400RL and KF400RH columns (polystyrene gel) manufactured by Showa Denko K.K.

[0229] The substitution rate of hydroxy groups for carboxyl groups in the modified polycarboxylic acid may be 1% or more, 3% or more, 5% or more, 10% or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, 90% or more, or 100%, and is preferably 10% or more, for example, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, particularly 80% or more, and may be 100% or less, 95% or less, 85% or less, 75% or less, 65% or less, 55% or less, 45% or less, 35% or less, 25% or less, 15% or less, for example, 95% or less. Here, the "substitution rate" refers to the proportion (mol%) of hydroxy groups of carboxyl groups derived from polycarboxylic acid that are modified, and may refer to the proportion (mol%) that are modified with monovalent hydrocarbon groups having from 6 to 40 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent.

[0230] The residual rate of hydroxy groups in carboxyl groups in the modified polycarboxylic acid may be 1% or more, 3% or more, 5% or more, 10% or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, or 90% or more, for example, 5% or more, and may be 100% or less, 95% or less, 85% or less, 75% or less, 65% or less, 55% or less, 45% or less, 35% or less, 25% or less, 15% or less, or 5% or less, for example, 50% or less, 30% or less, or 10% or less. Here, the "residual rate" refers to the proportion (mol %) of hydroxy groups in carboxyl groups derived from polycarboxylic acid that are not modified.

[0231] The number of modifying groups in the modified polycarboxylic acid product may be 2 or more, 5 or more, 7 or more, 10 or more, 15 or more, 30 or more, or 50 or more, and may be 1000 or less, 750 or less, 500 or less, 300 or less, 100 or less, 50 or less, 30 or less, or 20 or less. Here, the modifying group is preferably a monovalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent.

[0232] The modifying group equivalent of the polycarboxylic acid modified product may be 150 or more, 250 or more, 350 or more, 450 or more, 550 or more, 650 or more, 750 or more, or 1000 or more, and may be 2500 or less, 2000 or less, 1500 or less, 1000 or less, 750 or less, 500 or less, or 400 or less. This is the value obtained by dividing the weight-average molecular weight of the polycarboxylic acid modified product by the number of modifying groups. Here, the modifying group is preferably a monovalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent.

[0233] In the modified polycarboxylic acid, one or more hydroxy groups of the polycarboxylic acid are substituted with a modifying group. The modifying group is preferably a monovalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent. From the viewpoint of improving liquid repellency, the modified polycarboxylic acid may have an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms relative to the polycarboxylic acid.

[0234] For details of the optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, the above description of the optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group is incorporated herein by reference.

[0235] (-Y Ｃ -Z Ｃ ｎ In the present disclosure, the modified polycarboxylic acid is a polycarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group of one or more carboxyl groups is represented by the following formula: -Y Ｃ -Z Ｃ ｎ [In the formula, Y Ｃ Is Y Ｃ１ and Y Ｃ２ Y is a 1+n valent group consisting of one or more groups selected from the group consisting of Ｃ１ represents a direct bond, —O—, —C(═O)—, —C(═NR′)—, —S—, —S(═O) ２ -, -C(=S)-, -NR'-, -C(OR')R'-, -C(OR')(-) ２ , and -N(-) ２ (wherein R′ is independently in each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms), and Y Ｃ２ is a group consisting of one or more members selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted di- to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, optionally substituted di- to tetravalent hydrocarbon aromatic rings, and optionally substituted di- to tetravalent heterocycles, Ｃ represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and n is an integer of 1 to 3.

[0236] (Y Ｃ ) Y Ｃ Is Y Ｃ１ and Y Ｃ２ Y is a 1+n valent group consisting of one or more groups selected from the group consisting of Ｃ１ represents a direct bond, —O—, —C(═O)—, —C(═NR′)—, —S—, —S(═O) ２ -, -C(=S)-, -NR'-, -C(OR')R'-, -C(OR')(-) ２ , and -N(-) ２(wherein R′ is independently in each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms), and Y Ｃ２ is a group composed of one or more members selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted di- to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, optionally substituted di- to tetravalent hydrocarbon aromatic rings, and optionally substituted di- to tetravalent heterocycles.

[0237] n is Y Ｃ Z combines with Ｃ and may be an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less. n may be 1 or more, 2 or more, or 3 or more. n may be 3 or less, 2 or less, or 1 or less, for example, 2 or less.

[0238] Y Ｃ The molecular weight of may be 10 or more, 50 or more, 100 or more, 200 or more, 300 or more, 500 or more, or 750 or more, and may be 3000 or less, 2500 or less, 2000 or less, 1500 or less, 1000 or less, 750 or less, 500 or less, 300 or less, 200 or less, 100 or less, or 50 or less.

[0239] Y Ｃ may contain at least an amide group, a urethane group, a urea group, an imide group, a thioamide group, a thiourethane group, a thiourea group, a thioimide group, a sulfonamide group, a sulfoneurea group, a sulfoneurethane group, or a sulfonimide group. Ｃ is -C(=O)-NR'-, -OC(=O)-NR'-, -NR'-C(=O)-, -NR'-C(=O)-NR'- or -SO ２ It may be NR'-. Ｃ By including these groups, the liquid repellency can be improved.

[0240] ○ Y Ｃ１ Y Ｃ１ is a non-hydrocarbon linker.

[0241] Y Ｃ１ is a direct bond or a divalent or higher valent group. Ｃ１ The valence of Y may be 2 to 4, 2 to 3, or 2. Ｃ１is preferably not only a direct bond.

[0242] Y Ｃ１ The molecular weight of may be 10 or more, 50 or more, 100 or more, 200 or more, 300 or more, or 500 or more, and may be 2000 or less, 1500 or less, 1000 or less, 750 or less, or 500 or less.

[0243] Y Ｃ１ represents a direct bond, —O—, —C(═O)—, —S(═O) ２ -, -NR'-, -C(OR')R'-, and -C(OR')(-) ２ (wherein R' in each occurrence is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms).) Ｃ１ Examples of include a direct bond, —O—, —O—C(═O)—, —O—C(═O)—O—, —O—C(═O)—NR′—, —NR′—, —NR′-C(═O)—O—, —NR′-C(═O)—NR′—, —C(═O)—, —C(═O)—O—, —C(═O)—NR′—, —SO ２ -, -SO ２ NR'-, -C(OR')R'-, -C(OR')(-) ２ and the like (wherein R' in each occurrence is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (eg, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms).

[0244] Y Ｃ１ may contain at least an amide group, a urethane group, a urea group, an imide group, a thioamide group, a thiourethane group, a thiourea group, a thioimide group, a sulfonamide group, a sulfoneurea group, a sulfoneurethane group, or a sulfonimide group. Ｃ１ is -C(=O)-NR'-, -OC(=O)-NR'-, -NR'-C(=O)-, -NR'-C(=O)-NR'- or -SO ２ NR'- may be included. Ｃ１ By including these groups, the liquid repellency can be improved.

[0245] ○ Y Ｃ２Y Ｃ２ is a linker of a hydrocarbon ring which may have a substituent, a hydrocarbon aromatic ring which may have a substituent, or a heterocyclic ring which may have a substituent.

[0246] Y Ｃ２ Y may be a hydrocarbon group or a non-hydrocarbon group (including heteroatoms). Ｃ２ Y may be aliphatic or aromatic. Ｃ２ may be linear, branched or cyclic.

[0247] Y Ｃ２ is a divalent or higher valent group. Ｃ２ The valency of may be, for example, 2-4, 2-3, or 2.

[0248] Y Ｃ２ may have 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 6 or more, 8 or more, 10 or more, 12 or more, 14 or more, 16 or more, or 18 or more carbon atoms, and may be 40 or less, 35 or less, 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, 10 or less, or 5 or less.

[0249] Y Ｃ２ is composed of one or more selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted di- to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, optionally substituted di- to tetravalent aromatic hydrocarbon rings, and optionally substituted di- to tetravalent heterocycles.

[0250] The di- to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms may be a cyclic, branched, or straight-chain hydrocarbon group. The di- to tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms may be a saturated or unsaturated (e.g., saturated) aliphatic hydrocarbon group. The number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms may be 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 6 or more, 8 or more, or 10 or more, and may be 35 or less, 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, 10 or less, or 5 or less. The valence of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be 2 or more, 3 or more, or 4 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, or 2.

[0251] The aliphatic hydrocarbon group may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent include —OR′ and —N(R′). ２, —COOR′, and halogen atoms (wherein R′, in each occurrence, is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms). The substituent may or may not have active hydrogen. The number of substituents may be 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, or 0. In the substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the amount of carbon atoms relative to the amount of carbon atoms and heteroatoms may be 70 mol% or more, 80 mol% or more, 90 mol% or more, 95 mol% or more, or 99 mol% or more, preferably 75 mol% or more, and may be 95 mol% or less, 90 mol% or less, 85 mol% or less, or 80 mol% or less.

[0252] Examples of divalent to tetravalent hydrocarbon aromatic rings include groups obtained by removing 2 to 4 hydrogen atoms from hydrocarbon aromatic rings such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, tetracene (naphthacene), pentacene, pyrene, and coronene. The number of ring-constituting atoms of the hydrocarbon aromatic ring is 3 to 20, 4 to 16, or 5 to 12, and preferably 5 to 12. The valence of the hydrocarbon aromatic ring may be 2 or more, 3 or more, or 4, or 4 or less, 3 or less, or 2.

[0253] The hydrocarbon aromatic ring may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent include -R', -OR', and -N(R'). ２ , —COOR′, and halogen atoms (wherein R′, in each occurrence, is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms). The substituent may or may not have active hydrogen. The number of substituents may be 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, or 0. In the substituted hydrocarbon aromatic ring, the amount of carbon atoms relative to the amount of carbon atoms and heteroatoms may be 70 mol% or more, 80 mol% or more, 90 mol% or more, 95 mol% or more, or 99 mol% or more, preferably 75 mol% or more, and may be 95 mol% or less, 90 mol% or less, 85 mol% or less, or 80 mol% or less.

[0254] The divalent to tetravalent heterocycle may be an aliphatic group or an aromatic group. Examples of divalent to tetravalent heterocycles include groups obtained by removing 2 to 4 hydrogen atoms from pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, triazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline, cinnoline, phthalazine, quinoxaline, pyrrole, indole, furan, benzofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, pyrazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, triazole, oxazole, benzoxazole, thiazole, benzothiazole, isothiazole, benzisothiazole, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, imidazolidine, thiazoline, etc. The number of ring-constituting atoms of the heterocycle is 3 to 20, 4 to 16, or 5 to 12, preferably 5 to 12. The valence of the heterocycle may be 2 or more, 3 or more, or 4, or 4 or less, 3 or less, or 2.

[0255] The heterocycle may have a substituent. Examples of the substituent include -R', -OR', and -N(R'). ２ , —COOR′, and halogen atoms (wherein R′, in each occurrence, is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms). The substituent may or may not have active hydrogen. The number of substituents may be 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, or 0. In the substituted heterocycle, the amount of carbon atoms relative to the amount of carbon atoms and heteroatoms may be 60 mol% or more, 70 mol% or more, 80 mol% or more, 90 mol% or more, 95 mol% or more, or 99 mol% or more, for example, 65 mol% or more, and may be 95 mol% or less, 90 mol% or less, 85 mol% or less, 80 mol% or less, or 70 mol% or less.

[0256] Y Ｃ２ Examples of -Ali- -Cy- -Ali(-) ２ -Cy(-) ２ (-) ２ Ali- (-) ２ Cy- (-) ２ Ali (-) ２ (-) ２ Cy(-) ２-Ali-Cy- -Cy-Ali- -Cy-Ali-Cy- -Ali-Cy-Ali- (wherein Ali is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and Cy is a hydrocarbon aromatic ring or heterocycle.)

[0257] Y Ｃ２ Specific examples of -(CH ２ ) ｐ -(p is 1 to 40, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10), a linear hydrocarbon group having an unsaturated bond and having 1 to 40, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon group having a branched structure and having 1 to 40, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms, -(CH ２ ) ｑ -Cy-(CH ２ ) ｒ -(q and r each independently represent a number from 0 to 20, for example, from 1 to 10, and Cy represents a hydrocarbon aromatic ring or a heterocycle), and the like.

[0258] (Y Ｃ Example: Y Ｃ In the following, R' is independently in each occurrence a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms (for example, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms).

[0259] Y Ｃ An example of this is Y Ｃ When is divalent, -Y Ｃ１ -, -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -, -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -, -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -, -Y Ｃ２ -, -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -, -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -, -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ - etc.

[0260] Y Ｃ An example of this is YＣ When it is trivalent, -Y Ｃ１ (-) ２ , -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ (-) ２ , -Y Ｃ１ -(Y Ｃ２ -) ２ , -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ (-) ２ , -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ (-Y Ｃ１ -) ２ , -Y Ｃ１ -(Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -) ２ , -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ (-) ２ , -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -(Y Ｃ２ -) ２、 -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -(Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -) ２、 -Y Ｃ１ -(Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -) ２ ; -Y Ｃ２ (-) ２ , -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ (-) ２ , -Y Ｃ２ -(Y Ｃ１ -) ２ , -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ (-) ２ , -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ (-Y Ｃ２ -) ２ , -Y Ｃ２ -(Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -) ２ , -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -YＣ１ (-) ２ ,-Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -(Y Ｃ１ -) ２、 -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -(Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -) ２、 -Y Ｃ２ -(Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -) ２ etc. can be cited.

[0261] Y Ｃ As an example of Y Ｃ when Y is tetravalent, -Y Ｃ１ (-) ３ ,-Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ (-) ３ ,-Y Ｃ１ -(Y Ｃ２ -) ３ ,-Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ (-) ３ ,-Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ (-Y Ｃ１ -) ３ ,-Y Ｃ１ -(Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -) ３ [[ID=,80]]-Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ (-) ３ ,-Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -(Y Ｃ２ -) ３、 -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -(Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -) ３、 -Y Ｃ１ -(Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -) ３ ;-Y Ｃ２ (-) ３ ,-Y Ｃ２-Y Ｃ１ (-) ３ , -Y Ｃ２ -(Y Ｃ１ -) ３ , -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ (-) ３ , -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ (-Y Ｃ２ -) ３ , -Y Ｃ２ -(Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -) ３ , -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ (-) ３ , -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -(Y Ｃ１ -) ３、 -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -(Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -) ３、 -Y Ｃ２ -(Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -) ３ ; etc.

[0262] Y Ｃ Preferred examples of -Y Ｃ１ -, -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -, -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -, -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ (-) ２ , -Y Ｃ２ -, -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -, -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ -Y Ｃ２ -, -Y Ｃ２ -Y Ｃ１ (-) ２ , etc.

[0263] (Preferred Y Ｃ Preferably, Y Ｃis -Y Ｃ１１ - or -Y Ｃ１１ -Y Ｃ２１ -Y Ｃ１２ wherein each symbol represents independently at each occurrence: Y Ｃ１１ is —O— or —NR′—, and Y Ｃ２１ is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, and Y Ｃ１２ is -O-, -OC(=O)-, -OC(=O)-O-, -C(=O)-NR'-, -OC(=O)-NR'-, -NR'-, -NR'-C(= O)-, -NR'-C(=O)-O-, -NR'-C(=O)-NR'-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)-O-, -C(=O)-NR'-, -SO ２ -, -SO ２ NR'-, -C(OR')R'-, or -C(OR')(-) ２ ], or

[0264] Y Ｃ１１ is a non-hydrocarbon linker, which is a direct bond or a divalent or higher valent group.

[0265] Y Ｃ１１ The molecular weight of may be 10 or more, 50 or more, 100 or more, 200 or more, 300 or more, or 500 or more, and may be 2000 or less, 1500 or less, 1000 or less, 750 or less, or 500 or less.

[0266] Y Ｃ１１ may be a direct bond, —C(═O)—, —C(═O)—NR′—, or —C(═S)—NR′—.

[0267] Y Ｃ２１ is a divalent hydrocarbon linker, which may be a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms.

[0268] Y Ｃ２１ may have 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 6 or more, 8 or more, 10 or more, 12 or more, 14 or more, 16 or more, or 18 or more carbon atoms, and may be 40 or less, 35 or less, 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, 10 or less, or 5 or less.

[0269] Here, the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms may be a cyclic, branched, or straight chain hydrocarbon group, and may be a saturated or unsaturated (eg, saturated) aliphatic hydrocarbon group.

[0270] Y Ｃ２１ Specific examples of -(CH ２ ) ｐ -(p is 1 to 40, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10), a linear hydrocarbon group having an unsaturated bond and having 1 to 40, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon group having a branched structure and having 1 to 40, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10 carbon atoms, -(CH ２ ) ｑ -Cy-(CH ２ ) ｒ -(q and r each independently represent a number from 0 to 20, for example, from 1 to 10, and Cy represents a hydrocarbon aromatic ring or a heterocycle), and the like.

[0271] Y Ｃ１２ -O-, -OC(=O)-, -OC(=O)-O-, -OC(=O)-NR'-, -NR'-, -NR'-C(=O)-, - NR'-C(=O)-O-, -NR'-C(=O)-NR'-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)-O-, -C(=O)-NR'-, -SO ２ -, -SO ２ NR'-, -C(OR')R'-, or -C(OR')(-) ２ It may be.

[0272] Y Ｃ１２ may contain at least an amide group, a urethane group, a urea group, an imide group, a thioamide group, a thiourethane group, a thiourea group, a thioimide group, a sulfonamide group, a sulfoneurea group, a sulfoneurethane group, or a sulfonimide group. Ｃ１２ is -C(=O)-NR'-, -OC(=O)-NR'-, -NR'-C(=O)-, -NR'-C(=O)-NR'- or -SO ２ It may be NR'-. Ｃ１２ By including these groups, the liquid repellency can be improved.

[0273] (Z Ｃ ) Z Ｃrepresents an optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, and the above description of (Optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group) is incorporated herein.

[0274] [Other modifying groups] The hydroxy group of the polycarboxylic acid is -Y Ｃ -Z Ｃ ｎ The polyol may be substituted with a modifying group other than the above. Examples of the modifying group include an anionic group and / or a cationic group. The above description of [Other modifying groups] in the polyol is applicable to the anionic group and / or the cationic group.

[0275] [Production Method] The modified polycarboxylic acid may be produced by reacting a modifying agent having a modifying group (or a precursor structure of the modifying group) with a hydroxy group of the polycarboxylic acid.

[0276] (Polycarboxylic Acid) Polycarboxylic acid is a compound having two or more carboxyl groups and is a compound that can be used as a raw material for a modified polycarboxylic acid. Polycarboxylic acid is a compound having two or more carboxyl groups in the molecule. Polycarboxylic acid may be aliphatic or aromatic, but is preferably aliphatic.

[0277] The polycarboxylic acid may be low molecular weight (e.g., weight average molecular weight less than 1,000, 500 or less) and / or high molecular weight. The weight average molecular weight of the polycarboxylic acid may be 100 or more, 300 or more, 500 or more, 1,000 or more, 3,000 or more, 5,000 or more, 10,000 or more, 30,000 or more, 100,000 or more, 300,000 or more, or 500,000 or more; or 1,000,000 or less, 7,500,000 or less, 500,000 or less, 3,000,000 or less, 100,000 or less, 75,000 or less, 50,000 or less, 30,000 or less, 10,000 or less, 5,000 or less, 3,000 or less, 2,000 or less, 1,000 or less, or 500 or less.

[0278] The number of carboxyl groups in the polycarboxylic acid may be 2 or more, 5 or more, 7 or more, 10 or more, 15 or more, 30 or more, 50 or more, or 100 or more, and may be 3000 or less, 1000 or less, 750 or less, 500 or less, 300 or less, 100 or less, 50 or less, 30 or less, or 20 or less.

[0279] The carboxyl group equivalent of the polycarboxylic acid may be 20 or more, 40 or more, 60 or more, 80 or more, 100 or more, 120 or more, or 150 or more, and may be 1000 or less, 800 or less, 600 or less, 400 or less, 200 or less, 100 or less, or 75 or less. The carboxyl equivalent of the polycarboxylic acid is the value obtained by dividing the weight average molecular weight of the polycarboxylic acid by the number of hydroxyl groups.

[0280] The polycarboxylic acid may be a natural product. The natural product may be a high molecular weight natural product, a low molecular weight natural product, or a derivative thereof. The natural product also includes compounds converted from microorganisms.

[0281] The polycarboxylic acid may be at least one selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, tetracarboxylic acids, carboxyl group-containing compound polymers, and salts thereof.

[0282] Dicarboxylic acids are compounds having two carboxyl groups, and examples thereof include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, aldaric acid, and salts thereof.

[0283] Tricarboxylic acids are compounds having three carboxyl groups, and examples thereof include citric acid, tricarballylic acid, t-aconitic acid, trimellitic acid, and salts thereof.

[0284] The tetracarboxylic acid is a compound having four carboxyl groups, and examples thereof include pyromellitic acid and its salts.

[0285] The carboxyl group-containing compound polymer is a compound having five or more carboxyl groups, and examples thereof include alginic acid, tragacanth gum, gum arabic, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polymaleic acid, polyaspartic acid, polyglutamic acid, hyaluronic acid, heparin, xanthan gum, gellan gum, carboxymethylcellulose alginate, galacturonic acid, mannuronic acid, and salts thereof.

[0286] (Modifying Agent) The modifying agent is a compound reactive with polycarboxylic acid, and is preferably the above-mentioned compound having a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent.

[0287] Examples of modifiers are: Epoxy (CH ２ OCH)CH ２ O-Z Ｃ Amine H ２ N-Z Ｃ Hydroxy HO-Z Ｃ [In the formula, Z Ｃ is as described above.]

[0288] Z in the structure of the above-mentioned modifier Ｃ may be replaced with any group constituting the modifying group, for example, Z Ｃ may be a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or may be, for example, Z Ｃ Wo-Y Ｃ -Z Ｃ ｎ It may also be possible to use the following.

[0289] The modified polycarboxylic acid may be synthesized by reacting a polycarboxylic acid with a modifying agent. For example, the modifying agent, which is an epoxy compound, may be reacted with the carboxyl group of the polycarboxylic acid to form an ester bond, thereby producing the modified polycarboxylic acid. Those skilled in the art can appropriately design the reaction conditions between the polycarboxylic acid and the modifying agent, such as by using a catalyst (e.g., an acid catalyst or a base catalyst) or a condensing agent, depending on the desired product.

[0290] [Dispersant] The repellent according to the present disclosure may contain a dispersant. The dispersant may be at least one selected from an organic dispersant and an inorganic dispersant. The dispersant may be at least one selected from an anionic dispersant, a nonionic dispersant, a cationic dispersant, an amphoteric dispersant, and an inorganic dispersant.

[0291] As the dispersant, an organic dispersant and an inorganic dispersant may be used individually, or a combination of an organic dispersant and an inorganic dispersant may be used.

[0292] An organic dispersant may be used as the dispersant. The organic dispersant can be classified into a nonionic dispersant, an anionic dispersant, a cationic dispersant, and an amphoteric dispersant, and the organic dispersant may refer to a surfactant.

[0293] The dispersant may be fluorine-free.

[0294] [Nonionic Dispersant] The dispersant may contain a nonionic dispersant, which may be a nonionic surfactant.

[0295] The nonionic dispersant may be a low molecular weight or a high molecular weight dispersant, and may have a molecular weight of 100 or more, 500 or more, 1000 or more, 2000 or more, 4000 or more, or 6000 or more, and may be 100,000 or less, 10,000 or less, 7,500 or less, 5,000 or less, 25,000 or less, 750 or less, or 250 or less.

[0296] Examples of nonionic dispersants include ethers, esters, ester ethers, alkanolamides, polyols and amine oxides.

[0297] An example of an ether is a compound having an oxyalkylene group (preferably a polyoxyethylene group).

[0298] An example of the ester is an ester of an alcohol and a fatty acid. An example of the alcohol is a mono- to trio-hydric (particularly di- to deca-hydric) alcohol (e.g., aliphatic alcohol) having 1 to 50 carbon atoms (particularly 10 to 30 carbon atoms). An example of the fatty acid is a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 2 to 50 carbon atoms, particularly 5 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0299] An example of an ester ether is a compound in which an alkylene oxide (particularly ethylene oxide) is added to an ester of an alcohol and a fatty acid. An example of an alcohol is a mono- to trio-hydric (particularly di- to deca-hydric) alcohol (e.g., aliphatic alcohol) having 1 to 50 carbon atoms (particularly 3 to 30 carbon atoms). An example of a fatty acid is a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 2 to 50 carbon atoms, particularly 5 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0300] Examples of alkanolamides are those formed from fatty acids and alkanolamines. The alkanolamides may be monoalkanolamides or dialkanolamines. Examples of fatty acids include saturated or unsaturated fatty acids having 2 to 50 carbon atoms, particularly 5 to 30 carbon atoms. The alkanolamines may be alkanols having 2 to 50 carbon atoms, particularly 5 to 30 carbon atoms, and having 1 to 3 amino groups and 1 to 5 hydroxyl groups.

[0301] The polyol may be a di- to penta-hydric alcohol having 10 to 30 carbon atoms. The amine oxide may be an oxide (for example, having 5 to 50 carbon atoms) of an amine (secondary amine or preferably tertiary amine).

[0302] The nonionic dispersant is preferably a nonionic dispersant having an oxyalkylene group (preferably a polyoxyethylene group). The number of carbon atoms in the alkylene group in the oxyalkylene group is preferably 2 to 10. The number of oxyalkylene groups in the molecule of the nonionic dispersant is generally preferably 2 to 100.

[0303] The nonionic dispersant is selected from the group consisting of ethers, esters, ester ethers, alkanolamides, polyols and amine oxides, and is preferably a nonionic dispersant having an oxyalkylene group.

[0304] The nonionic dispersant may be an alkylene oxide adduct of a linear and / or branched aliphatic (saturated and / or unsaturated) group, a polyalkylene glycol ester of a linear and / or branched fatty acid (saturated and / or unsaturated), a sorbitan ester of a linear and / or branched fatty acid (saturated and / or unsaturated), a glycerin ester of a linear and / or branched fatty acid (saturated and / or unsaturated), a polyglycerin ester of a linear and / or branched fatty acid (saturated and / or unsaturated), a sucrose ester of a linear and / or branched fatty acid (saturated and / or unsaturated), a polyoxyethylene (POE) / polyoxypropylene (POP) copolymer (random copolymer or block copolymer), an alkylene oxide adduct of acetylene glycol, or the like. Among these, those in which the alkylene oxide adduct moiety and the polyalkylene glycol moiety have a structure of polyoxyethylene (POE), polyoxypropylene (POP), or a POE / POP copolymer (which may be a random copolymer or a block copolymer) are preferred. Furthermore, the nonionic dispersant does not have to contain an aromatic group.

[0305] The nonionic dispersant has the formula: １ O-(CH ２ CH ２ O) ｐ - (R ２ O) ｑ -R ３ [In the formula, R １ is an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group or acyl group having 2 to 22 carbon atoms, ２ are independently the same or different and are alkylene groups having 3 or more carbon atoms (e.g., 3 to 10), ３ is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 22 carbon atoms, p is a number of 2 or more, and q is a number of 0 or 1 or more.

[0306] R １ R preferably has 8 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly 10 to 18 carbon atoms. １Preferred specific examples of R include an octyl group, a nonyl group, a trimethylnonyl group, a lauryl group, a tridecyl group, an oleyl group, and a stearyl group. ２ Examples of the nonionic dispersant are a propylene group and a butylene group. In the nonionic dispersant, p may be a number of 3 or more (for example, 5 to 200). q may be a number of 2 or more (for example, 5 to 200). That is, -(R ２ O) ｑ - may form a polyoxyalkylene chain. The nonionic dispersant may be a polyoxyethylene alkylene alkyl ether containing a hydrophilic polyoxyethylene chain and a hydrophobic oxyalkylene chain (particularly a polyoxyalkylene chain) at the center. Examples of the hydrophobic oxyalkylene chain include an oxypropylene chain, an oxybutylene chain, and a styrene chain, with the oxypropylene chain being preferred.

[0307] Specific examples of nonionic dispersants include ethylene oxide and hexylphenol, isooctatylphenol, hexadecanol, oleic acid, alkanes (C １２ -C １６ ) thiol, sorbitan mono fatty acid (C ７ -C １９ ) or alkyl (C １２ -C １８ ) condensation products with amines, etc., sorbitan fatty acid esters, glycerin fatty acid esters, polyglycerin fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene glycerin fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, lecithin derivatives, etc. Examples of nonionic dispersants include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene polyoxybutylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol, polyethyleneimine ethoxylate, etc.

[0308] The proportion of polyoxyethylene blocks can be 5 to 80% by weight, for example 30 to 75% by weight, and particularly 40 to 70% by weight, based on the molecular weight of the nonionic dispersant (copolymer). The average molecular weight of the nonionic dispersant is generally 300 to 5,000, for example 500 to 3,000. The nonionic dispersant may be a single type or a mixture of two or more types. The nonionic dispersant may be a mixture of a compound having an HLB (hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance) of less than 15 (particularly 5 or less) and a compound having an HLB of 15 or more. Specifically, it is preferable to select from polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene, and polyoxypropylenes having an HLB value of 1 to 18, and sorbitan fatty acid esters, glycerin fatty acid esters, polyglycerin fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene glycerin fatty acid esters, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters having an HLB value of less than 7.

[0309] [Cationic Dispersant] The dispersant may contain a cationic dispersant. The cationic dispersant may be a cationic surfactant. The cationic dispersant may be a compound having no amide group.

[0310] The cationic dispersant may be a low molecular weight type (e.g., a molecular weight of 2000 or less, particularly 10,000 or less) or a high molecular weight type (e.g., a molecular weight of 2000 or more). The molecular weight of the cationic dispersant may be 100 or more, 500 or more, 1,000 or more, 2,000 or more, 4,000 or more, or 6,000 or more, and may be 1,000,000 or less, 750,000 or less, 500,000 or less, 250,000 or less, 100,000 or less, 50,000 or less, 10,000 or less, 7,500 or less, 5,000 or less, 25,000 or less, 750 or less, or 250 or less.

[0311] The cationic dispersant may be aliphatic or aromatic, and examples thereof include ammonium salts (e.g., quaternary ammonium salts). The cationic dispersant may be an oxyethylene adduct ammonium salt. Specific examples include amine salt-type dispersants such as alkylamine salts, aminoalcohol fatty acid derivatives, polyamine fatty acid derivatives, and imidazolines; quaternary ammonium salt-type dispersants such as alkyltrimethylammonium salts, dialkyldimethylammonium salts, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium salts, pyridinium salts, alkylisoquinolinium salts, benzalkonium chloride, and benzethonium chloride; and polymer-type cationic dispersants such as Polyquaternium-1 to 47. Examples of cationic dispersants include alkylamine salts and quaternary ammonium salts.

[0312] The low molecular weight cationic dispersant is R ２１ -N ＋ (-R ２２ ) (-R ２３ ) (-R ２４ ) X － [In the formula, R ２１ , R ２２ , R ２３ and R ２４ is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, and X is an anionic group. ２１ , R ２２ , R ２３ and -R ２４ Specific examples of X include alkyl groups (e.g., methyl, butyl, stearyl, and palmityl groups) and aromatic groups (e.g., benzyl and phenyl groups). Specific examples of X include halogens (e.g., chlorine) and acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid and acetic acid). Examples of cationic dispersants include monoalkyltrimethylammonium salts (alkyl having 4 to 40 carbon atoms) and benzalkonium chloride.

[0313] Specifically, the low molecular weight cationic dispersant is represented by the formula: １ ｐ -N ＋ R ２ ｑ X － [In the formula, R １ is C12 or more (e.g. C１２ ~C ５０ ) is a linear and / or branched aliphatic (saturated and / or unsaturated) group of the formula R ２ is H or a C1-4 alkyl group, a benzyl group, a polyoxyethylene group (the number of oxyethylene groups is, for example, 1 (particularly 2, particularly 3) to 50) (CH ３ , C ２ H ５ is particularly preferred), and X is a halogen atom (e.g., chlorine), or C １ ~C ４ or a fatty acid salt of C １ ~C ４ where p is 1 or 2, q is 2 or 3, and p+q=4. １ may have 12 to 50 carbon atoms, for example, 12 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0314] Examples of low molecular weight cationic dispersants include dodecyltrimethylammonium acetate, trimethyltetradecylammonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, trimethyloctadecylammonium chloride, (dodecylmethylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride, benzyldodecyldimethylammonium chloride, methyldodecyldi(hydropolyoxyethylene)ammonium chloride, benzyldodecyldi(hydropolyoxyethylene)ammonium chloride, N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]oleamide hydrochloride, and the like.

[0315] The polymeric cationic dispersant may be any of various polymers (e.g., polyquaternium-1 to -47) having a cationic group (e.g., ammonium group, quaternary ammonium group). Examples of the polymeric cationic dispersant include cationic natural products (particularly cationic sugars) such as cationic starch, cationic cellulose (e.g., O-(2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonio)propylhydroxyethylcellulose chloride), cationic guar gum, cationic xanthan gum, and chitosan; and polymers of cationic group-containing monomers such as aziridine, vinylimidazole, aminoalkyl methacrylate, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-2-butene-1,4-diamine, quaternized dimethylammonium ethyl methacrylate, diallyldimethylammonium chloride, dimethylaminopropylamine, and quaternized vinylimidazole.

[0316] [Anionic Dispersant] The dispersant may contain an anionic dispersant. The anionic dispersant may be an anionic surfactant. The dispersant may not contain an anionic dispersant.

[0317] The anionic dispersant may be a low molecular weight or a high molecular weight dispersant, and may have a molecular weight of 100 or more, 500 or more, 1000 or more, 2000 or more, 4000 or more, or 6000 or more, and may have a molecular weight of 100,000 or less, 10,000 or less, 7,500 or less, 5,000 or less, 25,000 or less, 750 or less, or 250 or less.

[0318] Examples of anionic dispersants include alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates, alkenyl ether sulfates, alkenyl sulfates, olefin sulfonates, alkanesulfonates, saturated or unsaturated fatty acid salts, alkyl or alkenyl ether carboxylates, α-sulfonic acid salts, N-acylamino acid type dispersants, phosphate mono- or diester type dispersants, and sulfosuccinate esters. An example of an anionic dispersant is a carboxylate (e.g., a fatty acid salt).

[0319] [Amphoteric Dispersant] The dispersant may contain an amphoteric dispersant, which may be an amphoteric surfactant.

[0320] The amphoteric dispersant may be a low molecular weight or a high molecular weight dispersant, and may have a molecular weight of 100 or more, 500 or more, 1000 or more, 2000 or more, 4000 or more, or 6000 or more, and may have a molecular weight of 100,000 or less, 10,000 or less, 7,500 or less, 5,000 or less, 25,000 or less, 750 or less, or 250 or less.

[0321] Examples of amphoteric dispersants include alanines, imidazolinium betaines, amido betaines, and acetic acid betaine, and specific examples include lauryl betaine, stearyl betaine, lauryl carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl imidazolinium betaine, lauryl dimethylamino acetic acid betaine, and fatty acid amidopropyl dimethylamino acetic acid betaine.

[0322] [Inorganic Dispersant] The dispersant may contain an inorganic dispersant.

[0323] The average primary particle size of the inorganic dispersant may be 5 nm or more, 30 nm or more, 100 nm or more, 1 μm or more, 10 μm or more, or 25 μm or more, and may be 100 μm or less, 50 μm or less, 10 μm or less, 1 μm or less, 500 nm or less, or 300 nm or less. The average primary particle size can be measured, for example, by observation with a microscope (scanning electron microscope or transmission electron microscope). The inorganic dispersant may be hydrophilic particles.

[0324] Examples of inorganic dispersants include polyvalent metal phosphates such as tricalcium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, aluminum phosphate, zinc phosphate, and hydroxyapatite; carbonates such as calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate; silicates such as calcium metasilicate; sulfates such as calcium sulfate and barium sulfate; and hydroxides such as calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide.

[0325] [Amount of Dispersant] The amount of dispersant may be 0.01 parts by weight or more, 0.1 parts by weight or more, 1 part by weight or more, 3 parts by weight or more, 5 parts by weight or more, 10 parts by weight or more, 15 parts by weight or more, 20 parts by weight or more, 50 parts by weight or more, 75 parts by weight or more, or 100 parts by weight or more, relative to 100 parts by weight of the liquid repellent compound, and may be 500 parts by weight or less, 300 parts by weight or less, 200 parts by weight or less, 100 parts by weight or less, 30 parts by weight or less, 20 parts by weight or less, 10 parts by weight or less, 5 parts by weight or less, 3 parts by weight or less, or 1 part by weight or less.

[0326] [Liquid Medium] The repellent agent of the present disclosure may contain a liquid medium. The liquid medium may be water, an organic solvent, or a mixture of water and an organic solvent. The repellent agent may be a dispersion or a solution. The repellent agent of the present disclosure may contain at least water.

[0327] Examples of organic solvents include esters (e.g., esters having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, specifically, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate), ketones (e.g., ketones having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, specifically, methyl ethyl ketone and diisobutyl ketone), alcohols (e.g., alcohols having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, specifically, isopropyl alcohol), aromatic solvents (e.g., toluene and xylene), and petroleum solvents (e.g., alkanes having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, specifically, naphtha and kerosene). The organic solvent is preferably a water-soluble organic solvent. The water-soluble organic solvent may contain a compound having at least one hydroxy group (e.g., alcohol, polyols such as glycol-based solvents, ethers of polyols (e.g., monoethers), etc.). These may be used alone or in combination.

[0328] [Amount of Liquid Medium] The amount of the liquid medium may be 1 part by weight or more, 3 parts by weight or more, 5 parts by weight or more, 10 parts by weight or more, 20 parts by weight or more, 30 parts by weight or more, 40 parts by weight or more, 50 parts by weight or more, 100 parts by weight or more, 200 parts by weight or more, 300 parts by weight or more, 500 parts by weight or more, or 1000 parts by weight or more, and may be 3000 parts by weight or less, 2000 parts by weight or less, 1000 parts by weight or less, 500 parts by weight or less, 200 parts by weight or less, 175 parts by weight or less, 150 parts by weight or less, 125 parts by weight or less, 100 parts by weight or less, 80 parts by weight or less, 60 parts by weight or less, 40 parts by weight or less, 20 parts by weight or less, or 10 parts by weight or less, relative to 1 part by weight of the liquid repellent compound.

[0329] The amount of water may be 1 part by weight or more, 3 parts by weight or more, 5 parts by weight or more, 10 parts by weight or more, 20 parts by weight or more, 30 parts by weight or more, 40 parts by weight or more, 50 parts by weight or more, 100 parts by weight or more, 200 parts by weight or more, 300 parts by weight or more, 500 parts by weight or more, or 1000 parts by weight or more, and may be 3000 parts by weight or less, 2000 parts by weight or less, 1000 parts by weight or less, 500 parts by weight or less, 200 parts by weight or less, 175 parts by weight or less, 150 parts by weight or less, 125 parts by weight or less, 100 parts by weight or less, 80 parts by weight or less, 60 parts by weight or less, 40 parts by weight or less, 20 parts by weight or less, or 10 parts by weight or less, relative to 1 part by weight of the liquid repellent compound.

[0330] The amount of the organic solvent may be 1 part by weight or more, 3 parts by weight or more, 5 parts by weight or more, 10 parts by weight or more, 20 parts by weight or more, 30 parts by weight or more, 40 parts by weight or more, 50 parts by weight or more, 100 parts by weight or more, 200 parts by weight or more, 300 parts by weight or more, 500 parts by weight or more, or 1000 parts by weight or more, and may be 3000 parts by weight or less, 2000 parts by weight or less, 1000 parts by weight or less, 500 parts by weight or less, 200 parts by weight or less, 175 parts by weight or less, 150 parts by weight or less, 125 parts by weight or less, 100 parts by weight or less, 80 parts by weight or less, 60 parts by weight or less, 40 parts by weight or less, 20 parts by weight or less, or 10 parts by weight or less, relative to 1 part by weight of the liquid repellent compound.

[0331] [Wax] The repellent agent according to the present disclosure may contain wax. By including wax, it is possible to impart good liquid repellency to the substrate.

[0332] Examples of waxes include paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax, polyolefin wax (polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax, etc.), oxidized polyolefin wax, silicone wax, animal and vegetable wax, mineral wax, etc. Paraffin wax is preferred. Specific examples of compounds constituting the wax include normal alkanes (e.g., tricosane, tetracosane, pentacosane, hexacosane, heptacosane, octacosane, nonacosane, triacontane, hentriacontane, dotriacontane, tritriacontane, tetratriacontane, pentatriacontane, and hexatriacontane), and normal alkenes (e.g., 1-eicosane, 1-docosene, 1-tricosene, 1-tetracosene, 1-pentacosene, 1-hexacosene, 1-heptacosene, 1-octacosene, nonacosane, triacontane, hentriacontane, dotriacontane, tritriacontane, tetratriacontane, pentatriacontane, and hexatriacontane). The number of carbon atoms in the compounds constituting the wax is preferably 20 to 60, for example, 25 to 45. The molecular weight of the wax may be from 200 to 2000, for example, from 250 to 1500, or from 300 to 1000. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0333] The melting point of the wax may be 50° C. or higher, 55° C. or higher, 60° C. or higher, 65° C. or higher, or 70° C. or higher, preferably 55° C. or higher, more preferably 60° C. or higher. The melting point of the wax is measured in accordance with JIS K 2235-1991.

[0334] [Amount of Wax] The amount of wax may be 0.1 parts by weight or more, 1 part by weight or more, 3 parts by weight or more, 5 parts by weight or more, 10 parts by weight or more, 15 parts by weight or more, 20 parts by weight or more, 50 parts by weight or more, 75 parts by weight or more, or 100 parts by weight or more, relative to 100 parts by weight of the liquid repellent compound. The amount of wax may be 500 parts by weight or less, 300 parts by weight or less, 200 parts by weight or less, 100 parts by weight or less, 50 parts by weight or less, 40 parts by weight or less, 30 parts by weight or less, 20 parts by weight or less, 10 parts by weight or less, or 5 parts by weight or less, relative to 100 parts by weight of the liquid repellent compound.

[0335] [Silicone] The repellent agent according to the present disclosure may contain silicone (polyorganosiloxane). By containing silicone, it is possible to obtain good texture and durability in addition to good liquid repellency.

[0336] As the silicone, known silicones can be used, and examples of silicones include polydimethylsiloxane and modified silicones (amino-modified, epoxy-modified silicone, carboxy-modified silicone, methylhydrogen silicone, etc.). The silicone may be a silicone wax having wax-like properties. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0337] The weight average molecular weight of the silicone may be 1,000 or more, 10,000 or more, or 50,000 or more, and may be 500,000 or less, 2,500,000 or less, 100,000 or less, or 50,000 or less.

[0338] [Amount of Silicone] The amount of silicone may be 0.1 parts by weight or more, 1 part by weight or more, 3 parts by weight or more, 5 parts by weight or more, 10 parts by weight or more, 15 parts by weight or more, 20 parts by weight or more, 50 parts by weight or more, 75 parts by weight or more, or 100 parts by weight or more, relative to 100 parts by weight of the liquid repellent compound, and may be 500 parts by weight or less, 300 parts by weight or less, 200 parts by weight or less, 100 parts by weight or less, 50 parts by weight or less, 40 parts by weight or less, 30 parts by weight or less, 20 parts by weight or less, 10 parts by weight or less, or 5 parts by weight or less.

[0339] [Organic Acid] The repellent of the present disclosure may contain an organic acid. Known organic acids can be used. Preferred organic acids include carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, sulfinic acids, etc., with carboxylic acids being particularly preferred. Examples of the carboxylic acid include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, malic acid, citric acid, etc., with formic acid or acetic acid being particularly preferred. In the present disclosure, one type of organic acid may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination. For example, formic acid and acetic acid may be used in combination.

[0340] [Amount of Organic Acid] The amount of organic acid may be 0.1 parts by weight or more, 1 part by weight or more, 3 parts by weight or more, 5 parts by weight or more, 10 parts by weight or more, 15 parts by weight or more, 20 parts by weight or more, 50 parts by weight or more, 75 parts by weight or more, or 100 parts by weight or more, relative to 100 parts by weight of the liquid-repellent compound, and may be 500 parts by weight or less, 300 parts by weight or less, 200 parts by weight or less, 100 parts by weight or less, 50 parts by weight or less, 40 parts by weight or less, 30 parts by weight or less, 20 parts by weight or less, 10 parts by weight or less, or 5 parts by weight or less. The amount of organic acid may be adjusted so that the pH of the repellent is 3 to 10, for example, 5 to 9, particularly 6 to 8. The repellent may be acidic (pH 7 or less, for example, 6 or less).

[0341] [Inorganic Acid] The repellent of the present disclosure may contain an inorganic acid. Known inorganic acids can be used. Examples of inorganic acids include hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen iodide, nitric acid, boric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid. In the present disclosure, one type of inorganic acid may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination. Adding an inorganic acid can improve the stability of the aqueous dispersion.

[0342] [Amount of Inorganic Acid] The amount of inorganic acid may be 0.1 parts by weight or more, 1 part by weight or more, 3 parts by weight or more, 5 parts by weight or more, 10 parts by weight or more, 15 parts by weight or more, 20 parts by weight or more, 50 parts by weight or more, 75 parts by weight or more, or 100 parts by weight or more, relative to 100 parts by weight of the liquid repellent compound, and may be 500 parts by weight or less, 300 parts by weight or less, 200 parts by weight or less, 100 parts by weight or less, 50 parts by weight or less, 40 parts by weight or less, 30 parts by weight or less, 20 parts by weight or less, 10 parts by weight or less, or 5 parts by weight or less. The amount of inorganic acid may be adjusted so that the pH of the repellent is 3 to 10, for example, 5 to 9, particularly 6 to 8. The repellent may be acidic (pH 7 or less, for example, 6 or less).

[0343] [Hardening Agent] The repellent of the present disclosure may contain a hardening agent (active hydrogen-reactive compound or active hydrogen-containing compound).

[0344] The curing agent (crosslinking agent) in the repellent agent can cure the agent well. The curing agent may be an active hydrogen-reactive compound or an active hydrogen-containing compound that reacts with active hydrogen or an active hydrogen-reactive group. Examples of active hydrogen-reactive compounds are isocyanate compounds, epoxy compounds, chloromethyl group-containing compounds, carboxyl group-containing compounds, and hydrazide compounds. Examples of active hydrogen-containing compounds are hydroxyl group-containing compounds, amino group-containing compounds, carboxyl group-containing compounds, ketone group-containing compounds, hydrazide compounds, and melamine compounds.

[0345] The curing agent may contain an isocyanate compound. The isocyanate compound may be a polyisocyanate compound. The polyisocyanate compound is a compound having two or more isocyanate groups in one molecule. The polyisocyanate compound functions as a crosslinking agent. Examples of polyisocyanate compounds include aliphatic polyisocyanates, alicyclic polyisocyanates, araliphatic polyisocyanates, aromatic polyisocyanates, and derivatives of these polyisocyanates. The isocyanate compound may be a blocked isocyanate compound (for example, a blocked polyisocyanate compound). The blocked isocyanate compound is a compound in which the isocyanate group of an isocyanate compound is masked with a blocking agent to inhibit reaction.

[0346] Examples of aliphatic polyisocyanates include trimethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, 1,2-propylene diisocyanate, 1,2-butylene diisocyanate, 2,3-butylene diisocyanate, 1,3-butylene diisocyanate, 2,4,4- or 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,6-diisocyanate, Aliphatic diisocyanates such as cyanatomethyl caproate, and aliphatic triisocyanates such as lysine ester triisocyanate, 1,4,8-triisocyanatooctane, 1,6,11-triisocyanatoundecane, 1,8-diisocyanato-4-isocyanatomethyloctane, 1,3,6-triisocyanatohexane, and 2,5,7-trimethyl-1,8-diisocyanato-5-isocyanatomethyloctane. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0347] Examples of alicyclic polyisocyanates include alicyclic diisocyanates and alicyclic triisocyanates. Specific examples of alicyclic polyisocyanates include 1,3-cyclopentene diisocyanate, 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate (isophorone diisocyanate), and 1,3,5-triisocyanatocyclohexane. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0348] Examples of araliphatic polyisocyanates include araliphatic diisocyanates and araliphatic triisocyanates. Specific examples of araliphatic polyisocyanates include 1,3- or 1,4-xylylene diisocyanate or a mixture thereof, 1,3- or 1,4-bis(1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl)benzene (tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate) or a mixture thereof, and 1,3,5-triisocyanatomethylbenzene. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0349] Examples of aromatic polyisocyanates include aromatic diisocyanates, aromatic triisocyanates, and aromatic tetraisocyanates. Specific examples of aromatic polyisocyanates include m-phenylene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenyl diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, 2,4'- or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate or a mixture thereof, 2,4- or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate or a mixture thereof, triphenylmethane-4,4',4''-triisocyanate, and 4,4'-diphenylmethane-2,2',5,5'-tetraisocyanate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0350] Examples of the polyisocyanate derivatives include various derivatives of the above-mentioned polyisocyanate compounds, such as dimers, trimers, biurets, allophanates, carbodiimides, uretdiones, uretimines, isocyanurates, and iminooxadiazinediones. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0351] These polyisocyanates can be used alone or in combination of two or more. As the polyisocyanate compound, it is preferable to use a blocked polyisocyanate compound (blocked isocyanate), which is a compound in which the isocyanate group of a polyisocyanate compound is blocked with a blocking agent. It is preferable to use a blocked polyisocyanate compound because it is relatively stable in solution and can be used in the same solution as the repellent.

[0352] The blocking agent blocks free isocyanate groups. When the blocked polyisocyanate compound is heated to, for example, 100°C or higher, e.g., 130°C or higher, the isocyanate groups are regenerated and can easily react with hydroxyl groups. Examples of blocking agents include phenolic compounds, lactam compounds, aliphatic alcohol compounds, and oxime compounds. The polyisocyanate compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0353] An epoxy compound is a compound having an epoxy group. Examples of epoxy compounds include epoxy compounds having a polyoxyalkylene group, such as polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether and polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether; and sorbitol polyglycidyl ether. A chloromethyl group-containing compound is a compound having a chloromethyl group. An example of a chloromethyl group-containing compound is chloromethyl polystyrene. A carboxyl group-containing compound is a compound having a carboxyl group. Examples of a carboxyl group-containing compound are (poly)acrylic acid, (poly)methacrylic acid, etc.

[0354] Specific examples of ketone group-containing compounds include (poly)diacetone acrylamide and diacetone alcohol. Specific examples of hydrazide compounds include hydrazine, carbohydrazide, and adipic acid hydrazide. Specific examples of melamine compounds include melamine resins and methyl etherified melamine resins.

[0355] [Amount of Curing Agent] The amount of the curing agent may be 0.1 parts by weight or more, 1 part by weight or more, 3 parts by weight or more, 5 parts by weight or more, 10 parts by weight or more, 15 parts by weight or more, 20 parts by weight or more, 50 parts by weight or more, 75 parts by weight or more, or 100 parts by weight or more, relative to 100 parts by weight of the liquid repellent compound, and may be 500 parts by weight or less, 300 parts by weight or less, 200 parts by weight or less, 100 parts by weight or less, 50 parts by weight or less, 40 parts by weight or less, 30 parts by weight or less, 20 parts by weight or less, 10 parts by weight or less, or 5 parts by weight or less.

[0356] [Other Components] The repellent may contain other components in addition to the above components. Examples of other components include polysaccharides, paper strength agents, flocculants, retention aids, coagulants, binder resins, anti-slip agents, sizing agents, paper strength agents, fillers, antistatic agents, preservatives, UV absorbers, antibacterial agents, deodorizers, fragrances, etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In addition to the above components, other components include other water and / or oil repellents, dispersants, texture adjusters, softeners, flame retardants, paint fixatives, wrinkle inhibitors, drying speed adjusters, crosslinking agents, film-forming aids, compatibilizers, antifreeze agents, viscosity adjusters, UV absorbers, antioxidants, pH adjusters, insect repellents, antifoaming agents, shrinkage inhibitors, anti-wrinkle agents after washing, shape retention agents, drape retention agents, ironing improvers, whitening agents, whitening agents, fabric softening clay, dye transfer inhibitors such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymer dispersants, stain release agents, scum dispersants, fluorescent whitening agents such as 4,4-bis(2-sulfostyryl)biphenyl disodium (Tinopal CBS-X manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals), dye fixatives, and anti-fading agents such as 1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine. The following may be blended: stain removers, enzymes such as cellulase, amylase, protease, lipase, keratinase, etc. as fiber surface modifiers; foam inhibitors; silk protein powder, surface-modified products thereof, or emulsified dispersions thereof (e.g., K-50, K-30, K-10, A-705, S-702, L-710, FP series (Idemitsu Petrochemical), hydrolyzed silk liquid (Jomo), Silkgen G Soluble S (Ichimaru Falcos)); stain inhibitors (e.g., nonionic polymer compounds composed of alkylene terephthalate and / or alkylene isophthalate units and polyoxyalkylene units (e.g., FR627 manufactured by GOO Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), SRC-1 manufactured by Clariant Japan, etc.) that can impart silk texture and functionality such as moisture absorption and release. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0357] [Amount of Other Components] The amount of each or the total amount of the other components may be 0.1 parts by weight or more, 1 part by weight or more, 3 parts by weight or more, 5 parts by weight or more, 10 parts by weight or more, 15 parts by weight or more, 20 parts by weight or more, 50 parts by weight or more, 75 parts by weight or more, or 100 parts by weight or more, relative to 100 parts by weight of the liquid repellent compound, and may be 500 parts by weight or less, 300 parts by weight or less, 200 parts by weight or less, 100 parts by weight or less, 50 parts by weight or less, 40 parts by weight or less, 30 parts by weight or less, 20 parts by weight or less, 10 parts by weight or less, or 5 parts by weight or less.

[0358] <Method for Producing Pulp Composition / Pulp Product> The pulp composition of the present disclosure can be obtained by treating a pulp substrate with a repellent agent containing a liquid repellent compound.

[0359] The resulting pulp composition can be subjected to treatment steps such as drying, heating, molding, etc., as required, to obtain a pulp product.

[0360] The repellent agent of the present disclosure can be applied to a pulp substrate as a treatment agent (particularly a surface treatment agent) by a conventionally known method. The treatment method may involve dispersing and diluting the repellent agent of the present disclosure in an organic solvent or water, as necessary, and applying it to the interior and / or surface of the pulp substrate by a known method such as dip coating, spray coating, or foam coating, followed by drying. The dilution ratio may be varied as appropriate depending on the concentration and application of the repellent agent, but may be 3 to 2000 times, for example, 10 to 100 times. After drying, a pulp product is obtained to which the solid components of the repellent are attached. If necessary, the repellent agent may be applied together with an appropriate crosslinking agent, followed by curing.

[0361] The repellent agent can be applied to the pulp substrate by any of the known methods for treating a pulp substrate with a liquid. The pulp substrate may be immersed in the repellent agent, the pulp substrate and the repellent agent may be mixed, or the solution may be applied or sprayed onto the pulp substrate. The treated pulp substrate is preferably dried and cured by heating to develop liquid repellency. The heating temperature may be, for example, 100°C to 200°C, 100°C to 170°C, or 100°C to 120°C. In the present disclosure, the heating time may be 5 seconds to 60 minutes, for example, 30 seconds to 3 minutes.

[0362] Pulp substrate treatment methods can include internal treatment methods in which a repellent is added to the pulp substrate (e.g., in the form of pulp slurry) before papermaking, or external treatment methods in which a repellent is applied to the pulp substrate (e.g., pulp products) after papermaking. Examples of internal treatment methods include mixing and immersion, which may include a step of adding a repellent to the pulp slurry and stirring and mixing it. Examples of external treatment methods include spraying, coating, immersion, and foam application, and specific examples include pond-type two-roll size presses, gate-roll type, and rod-metering size presses. The treatment can be either external or internal. For example, when the pulp substrate is paper, the repellent can be applied to the paper, or a solution can be attached or sprayed onto the paper, or the repellent can be mixed with the pulp slurry before papermaking. When the pulp substrate is a fibrous material, treatment methods include padding, immersion, spraying, and coating. Examples of padding treatments include methods using padding devices described on pages 396-397 of "Textile Dyeing and Processing Dictionary" (published by Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, 1963) and pages 256-260 of "Color Dyeing Chemistry III" (published by Jikkyo Publishing Co., Ltd., 1975). Examples of coating treatments include methods using coating machines described on pages 473-477 of "Dyeing and Finishing Equipment Directory" (published by Sen-sha, 1981). Examples of immersion treatments include methods using batch dyeing machines described on pages 196-247 of "Dyeing and Finishing Equipment Directory" (published by Sen-sha, 1981). Examples of suitable dyeing machines include liquid jet dyeing machines, air jet dyeing machines, drum dyeing machines, winch dyeing machines, washer dyeing machines, and cheese dyeing machines. Examples of spray treatments include methods using air sprayers that spray the treatment solution in a mist using compressed air, and hydraulic atomization air sprayers.

[0363] The treatment method may be an internal addition treatment in which a repellent is added to the pulp slurry before papermaking. The internal addition treatment may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following steps: adding a repellent to the pulp slurry and stirring and mixing it; suction-dewatering the pulp composition prepared in the above step through a mesh of a predetermined shape to deposit the pulp composition and form a molded pulp product intermediate; and molding and drying the molded pulp product intermediate in a heated mold to obtain a molded pulp product. The treated paper may be briefly dried at room temperature or at an elevated temperature, and then optionally subjected to a heat treatment depending on the paper's properties. The heat treatment temperature may be 150°C or higher, 180°C or higher, or 210°C or higher, and 300°C or lower, 250°C or lower, or 200°C or lower, and particularly 80°C to 180°C. Heat treatment within this temperature range can exhibit excellent oil resistance, water resistance, etc. The internally treated pulp substrate may be treated with an externally added agent to adhere additional liquid repellent compounds to the surface.

[0364] The treatment method may be an external addition treatment in which a repellent agent is applied to the pulp base material after papermaking. Size presses for external addition treatment can also be divided into the following categories based on the application method. One application method is the so-called pond-type two-roll size press, in which a coating liquid (size liquid) is supplied to the nip formed by passing paper between two rubber rolls, creating a coating liquid pool called a pond, and the paper is passed through this coating liquid pool to apply the size liquid to both sides of the paper. Other application methods include the gate roll type, in which the size liquid is applied using a surface transfer method, and the rod metering size press. In the pond-type two-roll size press, the size liquid easily penetrates into the paper, while in the surface transfer type, the size liquid components tend to remain on the paper surface. In the surface transfer type, the coating layer tends to remain on the paper surface compared to the pond-type two-roll size press, and a larger coating layer is formed on the surface than in the pond-type two-roll size press. In the present disclosure, performance can be imparted to paper even when the former pond-type two-roll size press is used. Papers treated in this way may exhibit excellent oil and water resistance etc., after simple drying at room temperature or at elevated temperatures, optionally followed by a heat treatment which may range in temperature up to 300°C, e.g. up to 200°C, especially 80°C to 180°C, depending on the properties of the paper.

[0365] Specific examples of pulp products include paper, paper containers, pulp molded products, food packaging materials, food containers, gypsum board base paper, coated base paper, medium paper, general liners and corrugating media, neutral white roll paper, neutral liners, rust-proof liners and metal interleaving paper, kraft paper, neutral printing and writing paper, neutral coated base paper, neutral PPC paper, neutral thermal paper, neutral pressure-sensitive base paper, neutral inkjet paper, and neutral information paper, etc. Suitable examples of pulp products include food packaging materials and food containers, and particularly pulp molded products for food contact applications.

[0366] Although the embodiments have been described above, it will be understood that various changes in form and details can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.

[0367] The present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present disclosure is not limited to these examples.

[0368] <Test Method> The test procedure is as follows.

[0369] [Volume abundance ratio and median diameter (D50) of particles] For the liquid-repellent compound and the aqueous dispersion, the volume abundance ratio of particles of 100 μm or more, the volume abundance ratio of particles of 10 μm or more, and the median diameter (D50) were calculated from the volume-based frequency distribution (volume distribution) obtained by measurement using a laser diffraction / scattering device.

[0370] Preparation Example 1: Preparation of Decaglycerol Dodecabehenyl Ester Dispersion 2 g of decaglycerol dodecabehenyl ester (degree of polymerization: 10, hydroxy group substitution rate: 12 / 12*100 [100%], biobased ratio: 100%) as a polyol modification product, 0.2 g of polyethylene oxide trimethylnonyl ether (HLB: 13), and 17.8 g of water were mixed to obtain a water-dispersible repellent precursor A. This water-dispersible repellent precursor A was heated to 80°C and then stirred at 7000 rpm for 20 minutes using a homogenizer to obtain a water-dispersible repellent. The volume fraction of particles of 100 μm or larger in the obtained water-dispersible repellent was 0%, and the median diameter D50 was 19.8 μm.

[0371] Preparation Example 2 Preparation of Ethylenebisstearamide Dispersion 2 g of N,N′-ethylenebisstearamide (biobased content: 97%, melting point: 143° C., pulverized particle size: 18 μm) that had been pulverized using a jet mill, 0.2 g of polyethylene glycol trimethylnonyl ether (HLB 13), and 17.8 g of water were mixed to obtain an aqueous dispersion composition (volume proportion of particles of 100 μm or more: 3.9%, volume median diameter: 18 μm).

[0372] Preparation Example 3 Preparation of Ethylene Bishydroxystearamide Dispersion 2 g of N,N'-ethylene-bis-12-hydroxystearylamide (biobased content: 95%, melting point: 145°C, pulverized particle size: 17 µm) that had been pulverized using a jet mill, 0.2 g of EO / PO polyalkylene glycol natural alcohol ether, and 17.8 g of water were mixed to obtain an aqueous dispersion composition (volume proportion of particles of 100 µm or larger: 5%, volume median diameter: 17 µm).

[0373] Preparation Example 4: Preparation of ethylene bisoleamide dispersion 2 g of N,N'-ethylene bisoleamide (biobased content: 96%, melting point: 116°C, pulverized particle size: 24 μm) that had been pulverized using a jet mill, 0.2 g of EO / PO polyalkylene glycol alcohol ether (HLB 7), and 17.8 g of water were mixed to obtain an aqueous dispersion composition (volume proportion of particles of 100 μm or larger: 0%, volume median diameter: 24 μm).

[0374] Preparation Example 5: Preparation of xylylene bishydroxystearic acid amide dispersion 2 g of N,N-xylylene-bis-12-hydroxystearylamide (biobased content: 83%, pulverized particle size: 9 μm) that had been pulverized using a jet mill, 0.2 g of polyethylene glycol trimethyl nonyl ether (HLB 13), and 17.8 g of water were mixed to obtain an aqueous dispersion composition (volume proportion of particles of 100 μm or larger: 0%, volume median diameter: 9 μm).

[0375] Preparation Example 6: Preparation of hexamethylene bishydroxystearic acid amide dispersion 2 g of N,N'-hexamethylene-bis-12-hydroxystearylamide (biobased content: 85%, melting point: 134°C, pulverized particle size: 12 μm) that had been pulverized using a jet mill, 0.2 g of EO / PO polyalkylene glycol natural alcohol ether, and 17.8 g of water were mixed to obtain an aqueous dispersion composition (volume proportion of particles of 100 μm or larger: 3.5%, volume median diameter: 12 μm).

[0376] [Preparation of Pulp Mold] Pulp molds were molded using an automatic molding machine. A mesh-like body was placed on a metal pulp mold die with numerous suction holes at the bottom, and a metal tank was placed on top. A mixture of pulp slurry and water-dispersible repellent (pulp composition) was placed in the upper metal tank. The pulp composition was sucked and dehydrated through the pulp mold die and mesh-like body using a vacuum pump from the side of the pulp mold opposite the side where the mesh-like body was placed, and the solids (pulp, etc.) contained in the pulp composition were deposited on the mesh-like body to obtain a pulp mold intermediate. Next, the obtained pulp mold intermediate was dried from above and below in a metal male-female mold heated to 60 to 250°C under a pressure of 0.05 to 5 MPa. This produced a pulp molded product molded into the shape of a container.

[0377] [Oil resistance test] 100 mL of corn oil at 65°C was poured into a pulp mold, and after leaving it at room temperature for 45 minutes, the corn oil was removed from the pulp mold and the degree of staining of the pulp mold was evaluated. The following evaluation values ​​were set depending on the degree of staining: 5: No staining on the inside. 4: Stained on the inside. No staining on the back. 3: Stained on the inside. Slight staining on the back. 2: Stained on the inside. Staining on the back was less than 50% of the area. 1: Stained on the inside. Staining on the back was 50% or more but less than 100% of the area. 0: Stained on the entire back.

[0378] Example 1 An aqueous pulp slurry was prepared with a concentration of 0.5 wt % containing 25% bagasse pulp and 75% wood pulp relative to the total pulp amount. The decaglycerol dodecabehenyl ester dispersion of Preparation Example 1 was added to the pulp at a ratio of 3 wt % in terms of solid content to the pulp, thereby preparing a pulp composition. The pulp composition was placed in an automatic molding machine to produce a pulp mold. An oil resistance test of the produced pulp mold was conducted, and the oil resistance was rated at 4 points. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0379] Example 2 An aqueous pulp slurry was prepared with a concentration of 0.5 wt % containing 100% bagasse pulp relative to the total pulp amount. The decaglycerol dodecabehenyl ester dispersion of Preparation Example 1 was added to the pulp at a ratio of 3 wt % in terms of solid content to the pulp, thereby preparing a pulp composition. The pulp composition was placed in an automatic molding machine to produce a pulp mold. An oil resistance test of the produced pulp mold was conducted, and the oil resistance was scored as 4 points. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0380] Example 3 A pulp mold was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.45 wt % of AKD (alkyl ketene dimer) was added to the pulp when preparing the pulp composition. An oil resistance test was conducted on the produced pulp mold, and the oil resistance was rated 4 points. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0381] Example 4 A pulp mold was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.1 wt % of a rosin sizing agent was added to the pulp when preparing the pulp composition. An oil resistance test was conducted on the produced pulp mold, and the oil resistance was rated 4 points. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0382] Example 5 An aqueous pulp slurry was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. The ethylene bisstearic acid amide dispersion of Preparation Example 2 was added to the pulp in a ratio of 2 wt % in terms of solid content to the pulp to prepare a pulp composition. A pulp mold was prepared in the same manner, and an oil resistance test was conducted, resulting in an oil resistance of 4 points. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0383] Example 6 An aqueous pulp slurry was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. The ethylene bishydroxystearic acid amide dispersion of Preparation Example 3 was added to the pulp in a ratio of 3 wt % in terms of solid content to the pulp to prepare a pulp composition. The pulp composition was placed in an automatic molding machine to prepare a pulp mold. A pulp mold was prepared in the same manner and subjected to an oil resistance test, resulting in an oil resistance of 4 points. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0384] Example 7 An aqueous pulp slurry was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. The ethylene bisoleamide dispersion of Preparation Example 4 was added to the pulp in a ratio of 7 wt % in terms of solid content to the pulp to prepare a pulp composition. A pulp mold was prepared in the same manner, and an oil resistance test was conducted, resulting in an oil resistance of 4 points. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0385] Example 8 An aqueous pulp slurry was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. The xylylene bishydroxystearic acid amide dispersion of Preparation Example 5 was added to the pulp in a ratio of 2 wt % in terms of solid content to the pulp to prepare a pulp composition. A pulp mold was similarly prepared and subjected to an oil resistance test, resulting in an oil resistance of 4 points. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0386] Example 9 An aqueous pulp slurry was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. The hexamethylene bishydroxystearic acid amide dispersion of Preparation Example 6 was added to the pulp in a ratio of 3 wt % in terms of solid content to the pulp to prepare a pulp composition. A pulp mold was similarly prepared and subjected to an oil resistance test, resulting in an oil resistance of 4 points. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0387] Comparative Example 1 An aqueous pulp slurry containing 100% wood pulp relative to the total amount of pulp and having a concentration of 0.5 wt % was prepared, and a pulp mold was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. An oil resistance test was conducted on the produced pulp mold, and the oil resistance performance was rated 3 points. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0388] Comparative Example 2 An aqueous pulp slurry containing 100% wood pulp relative to the total amount of pulp and having a concentration of 0.5 wt % was prepared, and a pulp mold was produced in the same manner as in Example 7. An oil resistance test of the produced pulp mold was conducted, and the oil resistance performance was rated 3 points. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0389] Comparative Example 3 An aqueous pulp slurry containing 100% bagasse pulp relative to the total pulp weight was prepared at a concentration of 0.5 wt %. A sugar fatty acid ester dispersion (SEFOSE 1618U (Procter & Gamble Chemicals) was added to the pulp at a ratio of 3 wt % in terms of solids, and a polyamine resin was further added at 0.1 wt % relative to the pulp as a co-agent to prepare a pulp composition. The pulp slurry was placed in an automatic molding machine to produce a pulp mold. An oil resistance test was conducted, and the oil resistance was scored as 1 point. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0390] Comparative Example 4 An aqueous pulp slurry containing 25% bagasse pulp and 75% wood pulp relative to the total amount of pulp was prepared at a concentration of 0.5 wt %, and a pulp composition was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3. A pulp mold was produced and subjected to an oil resistance test, resulting in an oil resistance score of 2. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0391] Comparative Example 5: An aqueous pulp slurry with a concentration of 0.5 wt % was prepared, containing 25% bagasse pulp and 75% wood pulp relative to the total amount of pulp. The pulp slurry was charged into an automatic molding machine to produce a pulp mold. The produced pulp mold was subjected to an oil resistance test and a water resistance test, and received a score of 0 in both the oil resistance test and the water resistance test.

[0392] Comparative Example 6: An aqueous pulp slurry was prepared containing 100% bagasse pulp relative to the total amount of pulp, with a concentration of 0.5 wt %. The pulp slurry was charged into an automatic molding machine to produce a pulp mold. The oil resistance test and water resistance test of the produced pulp mold were conducted, and the result was 0 points in both the oil resistance test and the water resistance test.

[0393] The results are summarized in the table below. [Table 1]

Claims

1. A pulp composition comprising a liquid-repellent compound and a pulp base material, wherein the liquid-repellent compound is a compound having a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, and is not a fatty acid ester having a glycosidic bond, and the pulp base material comprises bagasse pulp.

2. The pulp composition according to claim 1, wherein the liquid repellent compound has at least one group selected from the group consisting of: -OC(=O)R, -COOR, -NHCOR, and -CONHR, where R is each independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.

3. A pulp composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid-repellent compound is an amine, polyol, or polycarboxylic acid modified with a hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent.

4. A pulp composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the amount of the liquid repellent compound is 0.5% by weight or more and 25% by weight or less based on the pulp base material.

5. A pulp composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the amount of said bagasse pulp in said pulp base material is 20% by weight or more and 100% by weight or less.

6. The pulp composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pulp composition comprises a dispersing agent.

7. The pulp composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the pulp composition comprises a paper chemical combination.

8. The pulp composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the pulp composition comprises a sizing agent.

9. The pulp composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the pulp composition comprises aluminum sulfate.

10. A molded pulp product formed from the pulp composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. The molded pulp product according to claim 10, which is for food contact applications.

12. A method for producing a pulp composition, comprising a step of treating a pulp base material with a repellent containing a liquid-repellent compound, wherein the liquid-repellent compound is a compound having a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, and is not a fatty acid ester having a glycosidic bond, and the pulp base material comprises bagasse pulp.

13. A method for producing a pulp composition according to claim 12, wherein the liquid repellent compound has at least one group selected from the group consisting of: -OC(=O)R, -COOR, -NHCOR, and -CONHR, where R is each independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.

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