Modular block

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of building, and more particularly to shaping difficult terrain, and can be used in the construction of highways and grade-separated highway and / or railway crossings, including complex road interchanges, and in the preparation of building sites, for example, as a facing in the construction of retaining walls. A modular block is configured in the form of a three-dimensional body having a geosynthetic material mounted therein which partially extends out of one surface of the body. The block contains an insert made of a pliable material, which is positioned at the point of egress of the geosynthetic material. The invention obviates the risk of the geosynthetic material being damaged or broken off during transportation of the block.

Description

[0001] Modular block

[0002] AREA OF TECHNOLOGY

[0003] The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to the arrangement of a landscape with complex relief, and can find application in the construction of highways, intersections of highways and / or railways at different levels, including transport interchanges of complex configuration, in the arrangement of sites for the construction of buildings, for example, as cladding in the construction of retaining walls.

[0004] PRIOR ART

[0005] A facing anchor block is known from the prior art for mortarless masonry of a retaining wall (patent RU2330142, published 27.07.2008). The anchor block is implemented in the form of a volumetric body (parallelepiped), on the upper edge of which a longitudinal groove is made, intended for arranging a comb with a mesh made of polymer material (geosynthetic material) attached to it. The groove depth is equal to or greater than the thickness of the comb. The mesh is fastened to the comb by passing its (the mesh) longitudinal elements through the grooves of the comb. When erecting a retaining wall, the anchor blocks are installed on top of each other, arranging the comb with the web in the grooves of the blocks of each row. In this case, the blocks of each subsequent row press the upper surface of the comb with their lower edge.

[0006] The disadvantage of the known device is the high risk of breaking the lattice. Thus, when installing a retaining wall, when bending the polymer lattice, it is damaged by the hard and sharp edge of "its" block or the overlying block, since the lattice has some rigidity, i.e. the ribs of the lattice crack. As a result of such damage, when loading the lattice (when backfilling with crushed stone or soil), it completely breaks off and the erected retaining wall ceases to fulfill its functional purpose.

[0007] The closest in technical essence is a retaining wall block used in civil engineering for landscaping of complex terrain (application EP0677128, published 18.10.1995). The block is a three-dimensional body in which a cavity and a slotted opening (cut) are made, connecting this cavity with the rear surface of the block, intended to hold the geogrid. The cavity is made with a pear-shaped cross-section. A metal or plastic lining (insert) is installed in the cavity, enveloping its surface and narrowing the clearance of the slotted opening. In this case, the sections of the lining in the area of ​​the slotted opening clamp and fix the geogrid. The ends of the lining protrude onto the outer surface of the block, bending around the corners of the slotted opening. At the installation site, the blocks are laid on top of each other, placing the geogrid in the cavities and slotted openings, the free edge of which is covered with soil.

[0008] However, the described device, selected as a prototype, does not provide reliable fixation of solid and non-solid geosynthetic materials (geofibers and grids / grids, respectively) due to the geogrid breaking off against the outer edges of the slot opening from which they protrude. This is due to the fact that the end sections of the insert, enveloping the edges, have an angle of 90° and are made of a rigid material. The right angles of the slot opening allow the grid to bend at a significant angle, up to 90°, and the rigidity of the insert does not smooth out the stresses that arise in the grid, as a result of which the ribs of the grid / grid or the surface of the solid web crack during the transportation of the block, and when they are loaded with crushed stone or soil, they completely break off and the erected retaining wall ceases to perform its functional purpose.

[0009] DISCLOSURE OF THE ESSENCE OF THE INVENTION

[0010] Thus, the technical problem is to create a retaining wall block with geosynthetic material, characterized by wide functional capabilities.

[0011] The technical result consists in eliminating the risks of damage and breakage of geosynthetic material during the process of transporting the block.

[0012] The technical problem is solved due to the fact that the retaining wall block, made in the form of a volumetric body, inside which a geosynthetic material is installed, partially protruding from one surface of the body, is distinguished by the fact that it contains a lining made of a flexible material, located at the point where the geosynthetic material exits.

[0013] In specific versions of the block, the seal is made of foam plastic.

[0014] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] The claimed device is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a cross-section of a retaining wall block with geosynthetic material fixed in it, Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the outlet of the geosynthetic material with a lining made of flexible material (view A), Fig. 3 is a top view of a block with geosynthetic material (grid) fixed in it, Fig. 4 is a fixing element (design variant), Fig. 5 is a diagram of the connection of a starter with the main (additional) grate. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] The claimed block is intended for the construction of reinforced soil structures and engineering structures of transport infrastructure, and can also be used in other branches of construction. The provided drawings demonstrate only a variant of the invention and do not limit other possible variants of its implementation.

[0017] The block is a three-dimensional body 1, manufactured using any technology, for example, by the method of plastic molding from heavy concretes on a cement binder, hardening during heat and moisture treatment.

[0018] Inside the volumetric body 1 there is a geosynthetic material 2, partially protruding from one surface of the body 1, and a gasket 3, located at the point where the geosynthetic material 2 exits. Gasket 3 is made of an elastic, pliable material, for example, foam plastic, wood, plywood, etc. In a particular embodiment, sealant 3 can be made in the form of two bars with a cross-section from 1x1 cm to 2x2 cm.

[0019] Inside the body 1 there is also a reinforcing mesh 4.

[0020] The block can be made of a complex configuration, providing a locking connection with other similar blocks without using a mounting solution for erecting a retaining wall. For this purpose, projections 5 and recesses 6 are made on the upper and lower surfaces. An option is possible when the block contains holes (not shown in the Fig.) for assembly on dowels.

[0021] In the internal cavity of the block there is at least one fixing element 7, passing through the material 2 at least at one point. Depending on the dimensions of the block there may be one, two or more fixing elements 7 (if necessary). The cell of the geogrid (geosynthetic material 2) is put on the fixing element 7 and concreted during the production of the block. Additional fastening of the grid to the fixing element is possible using a knitting wire (not shown in the Fig.).

[0022] The protruding section of material 2 can be made with a length corresponding to the design length of the web or can be made short (600-800 mm). In the latter version, such a protruding section of material 2 is called a starter and is intended for connection with material of the required design length.

[0023] The embedment depth of geosynthetic material 2 depends on its strength and the required indicators for the reliability of fixation. The most preferable embedment depth is in the range of 50-90% of the block thickness. The height at which material 2 is installed may be different: in the middle of the block surface or with an offset to the upper surface or to the lower surface.

[0024] The fixing element 7 can be made in the form of a rod or in the form of a loop made of metal or any other material with the required strength characteristics. The number of fixing elements 7, their shape and the configuration of their location relative to the geosynthetic material 2 are determined based on the block dimensions, the type and mechanical characteristics of the geosynthetic material. Thus, for a series of standard-sized blocks (1400x500x350 mm) using single-axis RE gratings, it is preferable to use two or more fixing elements made in the form of loops and passing through the plane of the grating at two points each, as shown in Fig. 2. When making a block with dimensions of 700x500x350 mm using single-axis RE gratings, it is possible to use one fixing element 7 in the form of a loop passing through the plane of the grating at two points.

[0025] In particular embodiments of the device, the fixing elements 7, made in the form of loops, protrude from the body 1, which allows them to be used as loops for the hook of a crane during loading and unloading operations.

[0026] The block can be equipped with additional loops (not shown in the figure) for ease of loading and unloading operations.

[0027] The fixing elements 7 can be made for the entire thickness of the block, including being in contact with the reinforcement mesh 4.

[0028] When erecting a reinforced soil structure, the first row of blocks is installed on a pre-prepared foundation. Then a soil layer is formed, located below the plane of the gratings (geosynthetic material 2) of the blocks of this first row. After that, if necessary, the grating is “built up” by attaching an additional grating to the starter with a length corresponding to the design length of the reinforcement. Attachment can be performed by passing a rod 8 (for example, a Bodkin connector) alternately between the ribs of the grating or using fastening devices (for solid materials), after which the built-up grating is laid in accordance with the design solution and the installation of subsequent rows of blocks.

[0029] The modular block is not an independent load-bearing element that bears loads and impacts, but is intended for facing a retaining wall (embankment, bridge abutment) made of reinforced soil and gives the structure a complete aesthetic appearance. Thus, the declared technical solution allows obtaining a retaining wall block characterized by high reliability of fixation of geosynthetic material in it.

Claims

CLAUSE OF THE INVENTION 1. A modular unit made in the form of a three-dimensional body, inside which a geosynthetic material is installed, partially protruding from one surface of the body, characterized in that it contains a lining made of a flexible material located at the point where the geosynthetic material exits.

2. Block according to I.1, characterized in that the seal is made of foam plastic.

Images