Packaging structure for perovskite solar cell assembly and use thereof

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of perovskite solar cells. Specifically disclosed are a packaging structure for a perovskite solar cell assembly, and a use of the packaging structure. The packaging structure comprises, in sequence from bottom to top, a substrate, a transparent conductive layer and a perovskite solar power assembly, and further comprises a packaging assembly and a packaging cover plate, which are disposed at an upper part of the transparent conductive layer and have a shell structure. The perovskite solar power assembly is disposed in an accommodation cavity of the packaging assembly, and an inner wall and an outer wall are in complete contact. The packaging assembly comprises a first inorganic layer, or comprises an organic layer and a second inorganic layer which are circularly stacked multiple times on the first inorganic layer. The transparent conductive layer is composed of separate left right parts, and an L-shaped metal electrode is only in contact with the right side, preventing a first conductive part and a second conductive part from being short-circuited. By means of using multiple sealing, the packaging structure provided by the present invention can effectively block the effects of water and oxygen on a cell, thereby improving the stability and the service life of the cell.

Description

A packaging structure of a perovskite solar cell module and its application Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, and in particular relates to a packaging structure of a perovskite solar cell assembly and applications thereof. Background Art

[0002] As global ecological and energy shortages become increasingly severe, renewable energy has garnered widespread attention due to its reproducibility and environmental friendliness. Solar energy, as a pure, renewable energy source, possesses unparalleled advantages over other energy sources. Since its inception, photovoltaic power generation technology has rapidly become a means of effectively utilizing solar energy. Perovskite solar cells, as third-generation solar cells, have achieved an efficiency of 25.5% in small-area laboratory devices in just over a decade since their development in 2009. Compared to crystalline silicon solar cells, which dominate the market by 90%, perovskite solar cells are significantly more affordable, while maintaining efficiency comparable to the certified record levels of crystalline silicon cells. However, the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells remains a technical bottleneck for their commercialization.

[0003] Currently, the main factors affecting the stability of perovskite solar cells are that the metal electrodes and devices in the battery assembly will decompose due to moisture and oxygen in the air during contact with the air. Usually, when packaging perovskite solar cell modules, the perovskite battery module is placed between two upper and lower substrates. Filling materials for packaging are provided in the middle of the substrates and around the battery. In addition, sealing materials are provided on the four sides of the substrate for further packaging. The filling material is usually packaged using a vacuum heating and curing process, but during the heating process, the high temperature may cause the perovskite layer to decompose. The gaps caused by the contact parts may induce the entry of water and oxygen. That is, after packaging with the existing technology, water and oxygen may still enter the interior of the packaged battery from the edge, causing damage to the perovskite material, causing perovskite decomposition, and ultimately affecting the service life of the packaged perovskite solar cell.

[0004] In view of this, this invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a packaging structure of a perovskite solar cell module and its application, which mainly forms a packaging component with a first inorganic layer or an organic layer stacked on the first inorganic layer in a cycle and a second inorganic layer. Through this packaging component, not only can the top wall and side walls of the perovskite solar cell module be wrapped at the same time, but also the perovskite solar cell module can be multi-sealed in the horizontal and vertical directions, effectively protecting the perovskite solar cell module, reducing the damage to the battery by moisture and oxygen, and improving the stability and service life of the battery.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem through the following technical solutions:

[0007] In one aspect, the present invention provides a packaging structure for a perovskite solar cell module, comprising:

[0008] substrate;

[0009] a transparent conductive layer, the transparent conductive layer being disposed on an upper portion of the substrate;

[0010] A perovskite solar cell module, wherein the perovskite solar cell module is arranged on top of the transparent conductive layer;

[0011] A packaging assembly, wherein the packaging assembly is disposed on top of the transparent conductive layer and has a shell structure, the perovskite solar module is disposed within a housing chamber of the packaging assembly shell structure, and the outer wall of the perovskite solar module contacts the inner wall of the packaging assembly; the packaging assembly includes a first inorganic layer, and the first inorganic layer contacts the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer; or the packaging assembly includes an organic layer and a second inorganic layer stacked multiple times on the first inorganic layer, and both the first inorganic layer and the second inorganic layer contact the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer;

[0012] The packaging cover plate is a box structure with an opening at the bottom. The packaging component is nested in the cavity of the packaging cover plate box structure, and the bottom opening of the packaging cover plate box structure is connected to the transparent conductive layer.

[0013] Preferably, the packaging cover is made of transparent glass material.

[0014] Furthermore, the first inorganic layer and the second inorganic layer are both composed of an oxide film or a nitride film; that is, the first inorganic layer and the second inorganic layer are encapsulation films made of inorganic materials for isolating impurities such as water and oxygen. For example, the oxide film can be Al2O3, SiO2, HfO2, ZrO2, ZnO, Ta2O5, CeO2, La2O3, CoOx, MoO 3、 The nitride film can be any one of SrTiO, TiO2, SnO2, Nb2O5, Y2O3, MgO, BaTiO3, In2O3, NiO, V2O5, and WO3; the nitride film can be any one of silicon nitride and aluminum nitride. The organic layer is made of acrylic resin, epoxy acrylic resin, or epoxy resin, i.e., the organic layer is an encapsulation film made of an organic material to isolate impurities such as water and oxygen.

[0015] Furthermore, the thickness of the first inorganic layer and the second inorganic layer are both 5 nm to 10 μm; the thickness of the organic layer is 10 nm to 100 μm.

[0016] It should be noted that the thickness of the first inorganic layer and the second inorganic layer can be adaptively prepared according to actual packaging requirements, and the optional thickness is 5nm, 20nm, 40nm, 80nm, 100nm, 300nm, 500nm, 700nm, 900nm, 1000nm, 2μm, 4μm, 6μm, 8μm, 10μm, etc., which are not listed one by one; the thickness of the organic layer can also be adaptively prepared according to actual packaging requirements. 10nm, 50nm, 100nm, 300nm, 600nm, 800nm, 1000nm, 2μm, 10μm, 30μm, 50μm, 60μm, 80μm or 100μm, etc., which are not listed one by one.

[0017] Furthermore, the first inorganic layer includes a horizontally arranged first inorganic layer top, a vertically arranged first inorganic layer side portion connected to the first inorganic layer top, and a first inorganic layer bottom portion connected to the bottom end of each first inorganic layer side portion and extending outward horizontally.

[0018] Among them, the lower surface of the top of the first inorganic layer is in close contact with the upper surface of the perovskite solar module, the inner walls of the four side portions of the first inorganic layer are respectively in close contact with the front, back, left and right outer walls of the perovskite solar module, and the lower surfaces of the four bottom portions of the first inorganic layer are in close contact with the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer.

[0019] Furthermore, the organic layer includes a horizontally arranged organic layer top, a vertically arranged organic layer side portion connected to the four sides of the organic layer top, and an organic layer bottom portion connected to the bottom end of each of the organic layer side portions and extending outward horizontally;

[0020] Among them, the lower surface of the top of the organic layer is tightly attached to the upper surface of the top of the first inorganic layer, the inner walls of the four side portions of the organic layer are tightly attached to the front, back, left and right outer walls of the side portions of the first inorganic layer respectively, the lower surfaces of the four bottom portions of the organic layer are tightly attached to the upper surface of the bottom portion of the first inorganic layer, and the length of the bottom portion of the organic layer extending outward is less than the length of the bottom portion of the first inorganic layer extending outward.

[0021] Furthermore, the second inorganic layer includes a horizontally arranged second inorganic layer top, a vertically arranged second inorganic layer side portion connected to the periphery of the second inorganic layer top, and a second inorganic layer bottom portion connected to the bottom end of each second inorganic layer side portion and extending outward horizontally.

[0022] Among them, the lower surface of the top of the second inorganic layer is tightly attached to the upper surface of the top of the organic layer, the inner walls of the four side portions of the second inorganic layer are tightly attached to the front, back, left and right outer walls of the side portions of the organic layer respectively, and the four bottom portions of the second inorganic layer respectively wrap the bottom of the first inorganic layer and the bottom of the organic layer and are tightly attached to the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer.

[0023] Furthermore, the first inorganic layer and the second inorganic layer are both prepared by chemical vapor deposition, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, sputtering or sublimation, or any one or a combination thereof; the organic layer is a polymer film formed by coating an ink composition on a substrate by inkjet printing, spraying, roller coating, blade coating or spin coating, and then curing it by heating or ultraviolet exposure.

[0024] Furthermore, the perovskite solar cell module comprises an electron transport layer, a perovskite light absorbing layer and a hole transport layer stacked and connected in sequence;

[0025] Wherein, the electron transport layer is connected to the transparent conductive layer, or the hole transport layer is connected to the transparent conductive layer.

[0026] Furthermore, a first conductive portion and a second conductive portion are respectively provided on the surface of the transparent conductive layer and on opposite sides of the package cover plate, and a gap is left between the first conductive portion and the second conductive portion and the package cover plate;

[0027] The transparent conductive layer further comprises an L-shaped metal electrode structure, wherein the metal electrode structure comprises a first metal electrode arranged horizontally and a second metal electrode arranged vertically and connected to an end of the first metal electrode;

[0028] The transparent conductive layer is mainly composed of two separate parts. The first metal electrode is arranged on the upper surface of the perovskite solar module and contacts the lower surface of the packaging module. The second metal electrode is closely attached to any side of the perovskite solar module, and the end of the second metal electrode contacts the upper surface of one of the transparent conductive layers of the two separate parts.

[0029] In addition, the present invention provides a packaging method for a perovskite solar cell module, which is used to realize the packaging structure of the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell module. The method comprises firstly manufacturing a transparent conductive layer and a perovskite solar cell module in sequence on a substrate; then arranging a packaging module on the transparent conductive layer and located on the periphery of the perovskite solar cell module, and the outer wall of the perovskite solar cell module contacts the inner wall of the packaging module; and finally arranging a packaging cover plate on the transparent conductive layer and located on the periphery of the packaging module.

[0030] In another aspect, the present invention provides an application of the above packaging structure in a solar cell.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] The packaging structure provided by the present invention mainly forms a packaging component with a first inorganic layer or an organic layer and a second inorganic layer stacked on the first inorganic layer in a cycle. The packaging component can not only simultaneously wrap the top wall and side walls of the perovskite solar module, thereby achieving multiple sealing in both the horizontal and vertical directions of the perovskite solar module; but also has the characteristics of dense structure, chemical inertness and high chemical stability of the inorganic barrier film, combined with the multiple protection of the packaging cover plate, thus being able to effectively block the influence of water and oxygen on the perovskite cell. It is particularly suitable for the packaging of perovskite materials that are more sensitive to water vapor, avoiding the occurrence of unsatisfactory packaging effect leading to water vapor intrusion and causing perovskite decomposition, thereby improving the stability and service life of the perovskite solar cell. In addition, the packaging structure has simple process, high packaging efficiency, and also has a very good packaging effect for large-area perovskite cells. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The accompanying drawings are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0035] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a packaging structure when the packaging component of the present invention is multi-layered;

[0036] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a packaging structure when the packaging component is three-layered in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0037] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a packaging structure when the packaging component has five layers in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0038] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the packaging structure when the packaging component is a layer in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0039] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the packaging structure when the packaging component in Comparative Example 1 is three-layer (but the three layers are aligned in the longitudinal direction, i.e., not wrapped);

[0040] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the packaging structure when no cover plate assembly is added in Comparative Example 2;

[0041] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the packaging structure when no packaging component is added in Comparative Example 3;

[0042] FIG8 is a curve showing the change of the normalized efficiency of the perovskite solar cell packaging structure over time shown in the embodiment and the comparative example.

[0043] in:

[0044] 10 is a substrate;

[0045] 20 is a transparent conductive layer; 21 is a first conductive portion; 22 is a second conductive portion; 23 is a metal electrode structure; 23-1 is a first metal electrode; 23-2 is a second metal electrode;

[0046] 30 is a perovskite solar cell module; 31 is an electron transport layer; 32 is a perovskite light absorption layer; 33 is a hole transport layer;

[0047] 40 is a packaging component; 41 is a first inorganic layer; 41-1 is the top of the first inorganic layer; 41-2 is the side of the first inorganic layer; 41-3 is the bottom of the first inorganic layer; 42 is an organic layer; 42-1 is the top of the organic layer; 42-2 is the side of the organic layer; 42-3 is the bottom of the organic layer; 43 is a second inorganic layer; 43-1 is the top of the second inorganic layer; 43-2 is the side of the second inorganic layer; 43-3 is the bottom of the second inorganic layer;

[0048] 50 is a packaging cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, when referring to the drawings, identical numerals in different figures represent identical or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments are not intended to represent all possible embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of arrangements consistent with certain aspects of the present invention as detailed in the appended claims.

[0050] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention and to be able to implement it, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the technical solutions of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0052] The terms used in this application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this application. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by a person of ordinary skill in the field to which this application belongs. The use of "one" or "a" and similar words in this specification and claims does not indicate a quantitative limitation, but rather indicates the presence of at least one. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "a plurality" means two or more, which will not be detailed here.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the present invention provides a packaging structure for a perovskite solar cell module, comprising a substrate 10, a transparent conductive layer 20 and a perovskite solar module 30 sequentially disposed on the substrate 10 from bottom to top; and a packaging component 40 disposed on the upper portion of the transparent conductive layer 20. The packaging component 40 is in a shell structure, and the perovskite solar module 30 is disposed within a receiving chamber of the shell structure of the packaging component 40, with the outer wall of the perovskite solar module 30 in contact with the inner wall of the packaging component 40. The packaging component 40 may include a first inorganic layer 41, and the first inorganic layer 41 is in contact with the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer 20; or the packaging component 40 may include an organic layer 42 and a second inorganic layer 43 stacked multiple times on the first inorganic layer 41, and the first inorganic layer 41 and the second inorganic layer 43 are both in contact with the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer 20.

[0055] Specifically, the packaging component 40 in the present invention may include a one-layer structure (i.e., only the first inorganic layer 41), a three-layer structure (first inorganic layer 41 / organic layer 42 / second inorganic layer 43), a five-layer structure (first inorganic layer 41 / organic layer 42 / second inorganic layer 43 / organic layer 42 / second inorganic layer 43), a seven-layer structure (first inorganic layer 41 / organic layer 42 / second inorganic layer 43 / organic layer 42 / second inorganic layer 43 / organic layer 42 / second inorganic layer 43), and so on. As shown in Figure 1, the packaging component 40 can be up to 21 layers; the specific number of layers can be stacked in sequence according to actual production requirements. Among them, when the number of layers of the packaging component 40 is greater than or equal to three layers, the outermost layer is an inorganic layer, and the organic layer 42 is used to make up for the defects of the inorganic layer, relieve stress, and facilitate adhesive packaging. The packaging structure of the packaged perovskite solar cell can be selected to be integrally formed after lamination by a laminator.

[0056] Among them, the thickness of the first inorganic layer 41 and the second inorganic layer 43 are both 5nm to 10μm; the thickness of the organic layer 42 is 10nm to 100μm, which can be selected according to actual conditions. The first inorganic layer 41 and the second inorganic layer 43 are both composed of oxide films or nitride films, that is, the first inorganic layer 41 and the second inorganic layer 43 are a kind of encapsulation film made of inorganic materials for isolating impurities such as water and oxygen. The specific oxide film can be Al2O3, SiO2, HfO2, ZrO2, ZnO, Ta2O5, CeO2, La2O3, CoOx, MoO 3、 The nitride film can be any one of SrTiO, TiO2, SnO2, Nb2O5, Y2O3, MgO, BaTiO3, In2O3, NiO, V2O5, and WO3; the nitride film can be any one of silicon nitride and aluminum nitride. The organic layer is made of acrylic resin, epoxy acrylic resin, or epoxy resin, i.e., the organic layer is an encapsulation film made of an organic material to isolate impurities such as water and oxygen.

[0057] Preferably, the first inorganic layer 41 and the second inorganic layer 43 are both prepared by chemical vapor deposition, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, sputtering or sublimation or any one or a combination thereof; the organic layer 42 is a polymer film formed by applying the ink composition on the substrate by inkjet printing, spraying, roller coating, scraping or spin coating, and then curing by heating or ultraviolet exposure. The advantage of the organic layer 42 is that it provides flatness and compensates for the internal defects of the inorganic layer to eliminate the influence of water vapor infiltration from the side of the packaging component 40.

[0058] Preferably, the package structure of the embodiment of the present invention further includes a package cover plate 50, which can be made of a transparent glass material. The package cover plate 50 is a box-shaped structure with an open bottom. The package assembly 40 is integrally nested within the cavity of the package cover plate 50 box structure, and the bottom opening of the package cover plate 50 box structure is connected to the transparent conductive layer 20.

[0059] In the embodiment of the present invention, the perovskite solar module 30 includes an electron transport layer 31, a perovskite light absorbing layer 32, and a hole transport layer 33 stacked and connected in sequence. The electron transport layer 31 is connected to the transparent conductive layer 20, or the hole transport layer 33 is connected to the transparent conductive layer 20. That is, the perovskite solar module 30 can be stacked from bottom to top in two ways: one is the electron transport layer 31, the perovskite light absorbing layer 32, and the hole transport layer 33; the other is the hole transport layer 33, the perovskite light absorbing layer 32, and the electron transport layer 31.

[0060] Preferably, the transparent conductive layer 20 in the embodiment of the present invention is made of but not limited to one or more of indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium tungsten oxide (IWO), indium cerium oxide (ICO), and Ag nanowires, and the thickness can be selected from 100 nm to 400 nm.

[0061] As shown in FIG2 , the embodiment of the present invention takes a three-layer structure (first inorganic layer 41 / organic layer 42 / second inorganic layer 43 ) as an example and is described in detail as follows:

[0062] The first inorganic layer 41 includes a horizontally arranged first inorganic layer top 41-1, a vertically arranged first inorganic layer side 41-2 connected to the first inorganic layer top 41-1 on all sides, and a first inorganic layer bottom 41-3 connected to the bottom end of each first inorganic layer side 41-2 and extending horizontally outward; the lower surface of the first inorganic layer top 41-1 is in close contact with the upper surface of the perovskite solar module 30, the inner walls of the four first inorganic layer side 41-2 are respectively in close contact with the front, back, left and right outer walls of the perovskite solar module 30, and the lower surfaces of the four first inorganic layer bottoms 41-3 are in close contact with the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer 20.

[0063] The organic layer 42 includes a horizontally arranged organic layer top 42-1, a vertically arranged organic layer side 42-2 connected to the organic layer top 41-1 on all sides, and an organic layer bottom 42-3 connected to the bottom end of each organic layer side 42-2 and extending outward horizontally; the lower surface of the organic layer top 42-1 is tightly attached to the upper surface of the first inorganic layer top 41-1, the inner walls of the four organic layer side 42-2 are tightly attached to the front, back, left and right outer walls of the first inorganic layer side 41-2, respectively, the lower surfaces of the four organic layer bottoms 42-3 are tightly attached to the upper surface of the first inorganic layer bottom 41-3, and the length of the organic layer bottom 42-3 extending outward is less than the length of the first inorganic layer bottom 41-3 extending outward.

[0064] The second inorganic layer 43 includes a horizontally arranged second inorganic layer top 43-1, a vertically arranged second inorganic layer side 43-2 connected to the second inorganic layer top 43-1 on all sides, and a second inorganic layer bottom 43-3 connected to the bottom end of each second inorganic layer side 43-2 and extending horizontally outward; the lower surface of the second inorganic layer top 43-1 is tightly attached to the upper surface of the organic layer top 42-1, the inner walls of the four second inorganic layer side 43-2 are respectively tightly attached to the front, back, left and right outer walls of the organic layer side 42-2, and the four second inorganic layer bottoms 43-3 respectively wrap the first inorganic layer bottom 41-3 and the organic layer bottom 42-3 and are tightly attached to the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer 20.

[0065] In addition, it should be noted that the present invention has a first conductive portion 21 and a second conductive portion 22 disposed on the surface of the transparent conductive layer 20, located on the left and right sides of the package cover 50, respectively. A gap is left between the first conductive portion 21 and the second conductive portion 22 and the package cover 50. Furthermore, the transparent conductive layer 20 also includes an L-shaped metal electrode structure 23, which consists of a horizontally disposed first metal electrode 23-1 and a vertically disposed second metal electrode 23-2 connected to the end of the first metal electrode 23-1. The first metal electrode 23-1 is disposed on the upper surface of the perovskite solar module 30 and contacts the lower surface of the package module 40. The second metal electrode 23-2 is closely attached to either side of the perovskite solar module 30, and the end of the second metal electrode 23-2 contacts the upper surface of one of the two separated transparent conductive layers 20. That is, as shown in FIG2 , the bottom end of the second metal electrode 23-2 contacts only the upper surface of the right transparent conductive layer 20. This prevents the gap caused by the contact portion from inducing water and oxygen intrusion, further improving the stability and service life of the perovskite solar cell.

[0066] Preferably, the metal electrode structure 23 is made of a metal material or a composite material. The metal material can be a single metal material or an alloy material. The single metal material can be any one of Au, Ag, Ca, Mg, Al, etc. The alloy material can be at least two of Au, Ag, Ca, Mg, and Al. The composite material can be a composite material formed by a metal material and at least one of the following materials: C, graphene, and carbon nanotubes.

[0067] As an embodiment of the present invention, an inductively coupled plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition device (ICP-PECVD) can be selected to sequentially form a first inorganic layer 41, an organic layer 42, and a second inorganic layer 43 on the PET surface, thereby greatly simplifying the operating steps of the packaging component 40, reducing equipment costs and shortening the processing cycle, effectively saving production costs, and the process is carried out at a low temperature (<100°C) and will not cause damage to the substrate 10.

[0068] Specifically, the packaging structure of this embodiment takes a three-layer structure as an example. The transparent conductive layer 20 of the perovskite solar cell is conductive glass with a thickness of 135nm. The electron transport material carbon-60 (C60) is evaporated on the ITO substrate 20 to form an electron transport layer 31 with a thickness of 40nm; the perovskite light absorption layer 32 (CH3NH3PbI3) is spin-coated on the electron transport layer 31 with a thickness of 600nm; the hole transport layer 33 prepared by nickel oxide material is spin-coated on the electron transport layer 31, and the thickness of the hole transport layer 33 is 20nm. A silver electrode (cathode electrode) is evaporated on the hole transport layer 33 with a thickness of 100nm. The effective area of ​​the battery is 0.64cm 2 .

[0069] The thickness of the three-layer structure in the packaging component 40 is as follows: the thickness of the first inorganic layer 41 is 40 nm, the thickness of the organic layer 42 is 50 μm, and the thickness of the second inorganic layer 43 is 40 nm.

[0070] In addition, the packaging structure provided by the present invention can be used to package other types of solar cells.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] The packaging structure of a perovskite solar cell component provided in this embodiment is shown in Figure 3. The only difference compared with Example 1 is that the packaging component 40 of this embodiment adopts a five-layer structure, and the thickness of each layer is first inorganic layer 41 (40nm) / organic layer 42 (50μm) / second inorganic layer 43 (40nm) / organic layer 42 (50μm) / second inorganic layer 43 (40nm).

[0073] Example 3

[0074] The present embodiment provides a packaging structure of a perovskite solar cell assembly, as shown in FIG4 . The only difference from the embodiment 1 is that the packaging assembly 40 of the present embodiment has only one inorganic layer 41 (thickness 100 nm).

[0075] Comparative Example 1

[0076] The present embodiment provides a packaging structure of a perovskite solar cell assembly, as shown in FIG5 . The only difference from the embodiment 1 is that the packaging assembly 40 of the present embodiment also adopts a three-layer structure, but the bottom 42-3 of the organic layer is flush with the bottom 41-3 of the first inorganic layer and the bottom 43-3 of the second inorganic layer in the longitudinal direction.

[0077] Comparative Example 2

[0078] The packaging structure of a perovskite solar cell module provided in this comparative example is shown in FIG6 . The only difference between this packaging structure and that of Example 1 is that the packaging cover plate 50 is not added to the packaging structure of this comparative example.

[0079] Comparative Example 3

[0080] The packaging structure of a perovskite solar cell module provided in this comparative example is shown in FIG7 . The only difference between this packaging structure and Example 1 is that the first inorganic layer 41 / the organic layer 42 / the second inorganic layer 43 is not added to the packaging structure of this comparative example.

[0081] Test method:

[0082] The PCE-t curve (normalized efficiency versus time curve) of the embodiment and the comparative example was measured using a solar simulator with a light intensity of 100 mA / cm 2 ,The experimental conditions are illumination under atmospheric pressure, temperature 20℃, and humidity 30%.,The test results are shown in Figure 8.

[0083] The test results of the embodiment and comparative example shown in FIG8 show that the packaging structure of the present application has better light stability, can inhibit the decomposition of the perovskite material, and improve the stability and service life of the perovskite battery.

[0084] The addition of the packaging component 40 can significantly improve the hygrothermal stability of the packaging structure of the perovskite solar cell module. The test results of Examples 1 to 3 show that the use of the packaging component 40 of the present application for the packaging of the perovskite cell has a more excellent packaging effect, and the hygrothermal stability of the perovskite cell packaging structure is significantly improved. The packaging effect of the packaging component 40 using a five-layer structure is better than the packaging effect of the packaging component 40 using a three-layer structure (with an initial energy conversion efficiency of about 88%) after being placed in air for 3600 hours (with an initial energy conversion efficiency of 90%). It is better than the packaging effect of the packaging component 40 using a one-layer structure (with an initial energy conversion efficiency of about 84%).

[0085] A comparison of the results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 shows that the packaging effect of the organic layer bottom 42-3 being flush with the first inorganic layer bottom 41-3 and the second inorganic layer bottom 43-3 in the longitudinal direction in Comparative Example 1 (with an initial energy conversion efficiency of about 60%) is lower than the packaging effect of the first inorganic layer 41 and the second inorganic layer 43 covering and wrapping the organic layer 42 in Example 1 (with an initial energy conversion efficiency of about 88%).

[0086] The results of comparative example 2 show that without adding the cover assembly 50, its moisture and heat stability is reduced, with an initial energy conversion efficiency of about 70%; while without adding the packaging assembly 40 in comparative example 3, the moisture and heat stability of the perovskite battery packaging structure is significantly reduced, with an initial energy conversion efficiency of less than 3%.

[0087] The foregoing description is intended only to provide specific embodiments of the present invention, which will enable those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

[0088] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above description and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An encapsulation structure of a perovskite solar cell module, characterized in that, Comprising: Substrate (10); Transparent conductive layer (20), which is disposed on the upper part of the substrate (10); Perovskite solar cell module (30), which is disposed on the upper part of the transparent conductive layer (20); Encapsulation component (40), which is disposed on the upper part of the transparent conductive layer (20), and the encapsulation component (40) has a housing structure. The perovskite solar cell module (30) is disposed in the accommodation chamber of the housing structure of the encapsulation component (40), and the outer wall of the perovskite solar cell module (30) is in contact with the inner wall of the encapsulation component (40); the encapsulation component (40) includes a first inorganic layer (41), and the first inorganic layer (41) is in contact with the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer (20); or the encapsulation component (40) includes an organic layer (42) and a second inorganic layer (43) that are stacked on the first inorganic layer (41) multiple times in a cycle, and both the first inorganic layer (41) and the second inorganic layer (43) are in contact with the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer (20); Encapsulation cover plate (50), which has a box structure with an open bottom. The encapsulation component (40) is nested in the cavity of the box structure of the encapsulation cover plate (50), and the bottom opening of the box structure of the encapsulation cover plate (50) is connected to the transparent conductive layer (20).

2. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first inorganic layer (41) and the second inorganic layer (43) are composed of oxide thin films or nitride thin films; the organic layer (42) is made of acrylic resin, epoxy acrylic resin or epoxy resin.

3. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein The thickness of both the first inorganic layer (41) and the second inorganic layer (43) is 5 nm to 10 μm; the thickness of the organic layer (42) is 10 nm to 100 μm.

4. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein The first inorganic layer (41) includes a horizontally disposed first inorganic layer top (41-1), a vertically disposed first inorganic layer side (41-2) that is connected to the periphery of the first inorganic layer top (41-1), and a first inorganic layer bottom (41-3) that is connected to the bottom end of each first inorganic layer side (41-2) and extends horizontally outward; Wherein, the lower surface of the first inorganic layer top (41-1) is in close contact with the upper surface of the perovskite solar cell module (30), the inner walls of the four first inorganic layer sides (41-2) are respectively in close contact with the front, rear, left and right outer walls of the perovskite solar cell module (30), and the lower surfaces of the four first inorganic layer bottoms (41-3) are in close contact with the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer (20).

5. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 4, wherein, The organic layer (42) includes a horizontally disposed organic layer top (42-1), a vertically disposed organic layer side (42-2) that is connected to the periphery of the organic layer top (41-1), and an organic layer bottom (42-3) that is connected to the bottom end of each organic layer side (42-2) and extends horizontally outward; Wherein, the lower surface of the top (42-1) of the organic layer is in close contact with the upper surface of the top (41-1) of the first inorganic layer, the inner walls of the four side portions (42-2) of the organic layer are respectively in close contact with the front, rear, left and right outer walls of the side portion (41-2) of the first inorganic layer, the lower surface of the bottom (42-3) of the organic layer is in close contact with the upper surface of the bottom (41-3) of the first inorganic layer, and the length of the bottom (42-3) of the organic layer extending outwards is less than the length of the bottom (41-3) of the first inorganic layer extending outwards.

6. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 5, wherein, The second inorganic layer (43) includes a horizontally arranged second inorganic layer top (43-1), a vertically arranged second inorganic layer side portion (43-2) connected to the periphery of the second inorganic layer top (43-1), and a second inorganic layer bottom (43-3) connected to the bottom end of each second inorganic layer side portion (43-2) and extending horizontally outwards; Wherein, the lower surface of the second inorganic layer top (43-1) is in close contact with the upper surface of the organic layer top (42-1), the inner walls of the four second inorganic layer side portions (43-2) are respectively in close contact with the front, rear, left and right outer walls of the organic layer side portion (42-2), and the four second inorganic layer bottoms (43-3) respectively correspond to wrap the bottom (41-3) of the first inorganic layer and the bottom (42-3) of the organic layer and are in close contact with the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer (20).

7. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 5, wherein The first inorganic layer (41) and the second inorganic layer (43) are both prepared by any one or a combination of chemical vapor deposition, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, sputtering or sublimation; the organic layer (42) is a polymer film formed by coating an ink composition on a substrate by inkjet printing, spraying, roll coating, blade coating or spin coating, and then curing by heating or ultraviolet exposure.

8. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The perovskite solar cell module (30) includes an electron transport layer (31), a perovskite light absorbing layer (32) and a hole transport layer (33) stacked and connected in sequence; Wherein, the electron transport layer (31) is connected to the transparent conductive layer (20), or the hole transport layer (33) is connected to the transparent conductive layer (20).

9. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 8, wherein, On the surface of the transparent conductive layer (20) and on the opposite sides of the encapsulation cover plate (50), a first conductive portion (21) and a second conductive portion (22) are respectively arranged, and there are gaps between both the first conductive portion (21) and the second conductive portion (22) and the encapsulation cover plate (50); It further includes an L-shaped metal electrode structure (23), and the metal electrode structure (23) is composed of a horizontally arranged first metal electrode (23-1) and a vertically arranged second metal electrode (23-2) connected to the end of the first metal electrode (23-1); Among them, the transparent conductive layer (20) is mainly composed of two separated parts. The first metal electrode (23-1) is disposed on the upper surface of the perovskite solar cell module (30) and contacts the lower surface of the encapsulation module (40). The second metal electrode (23-2) is disposed closely against any one side surface of the perovskite solar cell module (30), and the end of the second metal electrode (23-2) contacts the upper surface of one of the two separated transparent conductive layers (20).

10. Application of the encapsulation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in a solar cell.

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