Apparatus and method for promoting recovery of effective gas in synthesis gas purification process
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/071022
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-01-09
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-27
AI Technical Summary
Existing synthesis gas purification devices using rectisol technology face inefficiencies in recovering effective gases, particularly CO, leading to high CO content in flash drainage and system tail gas, which violates environmental protection standards and increases energy consumption.
The apparatus includes a flash tank system with multiple pressure stages and the use of stripping gas, such as purified synthesis gas or high-purity hydrogen, to enhance CO and H2 recovery, reducing CO2 circulation and methanol consumption.
The solution effectively reduces CO content in flash drainage to below 1000 ppm, minimizes methanol usage, and lowers energy consumption by preventing additional CO2 from entering the system, while maintaining high recovery efficiency.
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Figure CN2025071022_27112025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Apparatus and method for promoting recovery of effective gas in synthesis gas purification processTechnical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of gas purification, and more particularly to the field of purifying synthetic gas by means of rectisol.Background Art
[0002] Affected by the energy structure, China uses fossil fuel coal as its main energy source. In the clean and efficient conversion and utilization of coal, it is a very important link to produce synthesis gas through coal gasification, and then to synthesize ammonia, methanol and other carbonyl compounds from the synthesis gas used as the feed gas. Compared with the synthesis gas produced through SMR (Steam Methane Reforming) , the crude synthesis gas produced through coal gasification contains a large amount of redundant CO2 and a small amount of acid gases such as H2S and COS. These acid gases are unfavorable to production, and the sulfide in it may cause catalyst poisoning in downstream production, and must be removed and recovered. Rectisol, using cold methanol as absorption solvent, removes the acid gas from the feed gas by using the excellent ability of methanol for dissolving acid gas at cryogenic temperature, and then recycles the methanol by desorbing the absorbed gas. Therefore, rectisol is most suitable for purifying the crude syngas obtained from coal gasification.
[0003] The effective gas in the crude synthesis gas contains CO and H2, and their ratios in the crude synthesis gas can be adjusted by transform reaction. After adjustment, the H2 content in the crude synthesis gas can be higher than 80%.
[0004] The conventional rectisol equipment includes: an absorption column which uses cryogenic methanol to scrub the crude synthesis gas and absorb impurities in it, a recovery device for recovering effective gas in the scrubbed cryogenic methanol, and a device for regenerating methanol. Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 6th Edition, Volume 15, on pages 399 et seq., presents a rectisol method for purifying crude synthesis gas by scrubbing gas with cryogenic methanol. Patent documents such as CN111246928B, CN1491882A, CN103845988A and CN101812325 all describe the method and equipment for removing impurities or acid gas. Effective gas is generally recovered by sudden expansion (called flash evaporation / flash) . The recovered effective gas circulates into the absorption column again, and the unrecovered effective gas, especially CO, enters a subsequent step along with the flash drainage, and may be discharged into the surrounding environment together with the acid gas.
[0005] As higher requirements are placed for environmental protection and energy saving, and in particular the content of CO discharged into the atmosphere is required to be less than 1000 ppm, higher requirements are imposed on the recovery of effective gas.
[0006] In view of this, it becomes an urgent task for the technicians in the industry to design a new synthesis gas purification device suitable for rectisol to eliminate the above defects and deficiencies in the prior art.Summary of the Invention
[0007] In order to improve the recovery efficiency of effective gas, especially CO, and reduce the content of CO in the flash drainage and system tail gas, the present invention discloses an apparatus for recovering effective gas in a synthesis gas purification device. The apparatus comprises a flash tank, a pipeline connected with the flash tank for inputting a stream to be flashed, a pipeline for inputting stripping gas, and pipelines for outputting circulating gas and drainage after flash respectively. Besides the apparatus for recovering effective gas, the synthesis gas purification device further comprises at least an absorption column and a solvent regeneration device. For example, the pipeline for inputting stripping gas is connected with a purified synthesis gas outlet of the absorption column, wherein the purified synthesis gas contains more than 80%mol, preferably more than 85%mol of H2. Alternatively, the pipeline of stripping gas can also be connected with a H2 supply source. The H2 supply source includes a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) device, the H2 having a purity of higher than 98%mol, preferably higher than 99%mol, and more preferably higher than 99.8%mol.
[0008] In one aspect, the apparatus for recovering effective gas comprises a high-pressure flash tank and a low-pressure flash tank with different flash pressures, wherein the stream to be flashed includes CO2-containing methanol and sulfur-containing methanol from the absorption column, and optionally, drainage thereof after high-pressure flash.
[0009] For example, the flash tank for flashing CO2-containing methanol comprises a first high-pressure flash tank and a first medium-pressure flash tank, wherein the first high-pressure flash tank is connected with a pipeline for inputting CO2-containing methanol, pipelines for outputting a first high-pressure circulating gas and a first high-pressure drainage, and the first medium-pressure flash tank is connected with a pipeline for inputting the first high-pressure drainage, a pipeline for inputting stripping gas, and pipelines for outputting a first medium-pressure circulating gas and a first medium-pressure drainage.
[0010] For another example, the flash tank for flashing the sulfur-containing methanol comprises a second high-pressure flash tank and a second medium-pressure flash tank, wherein the second high-pressure flash tank is connected with a pipeline for inputting sulfur-containing methanol, pipelines for outputting a second high-pressure circulating gas and a second high-pressure drainage, and the second medium-pressure flash tank is connected with a pipeline for inputting the second high-pressure drainage, a pipeline for inputting stripping gas, and pipelines for outputting the second medium-pressure circulating gas and the second medium-pressure drainage. The apparatus for recovering effective gas further comprises pipelines for conveying scrubbing methanol and the first medium-pressure circulating gas into the second medium-pressure flash tank respectively, wherein the scrubbing methanol enters the second medium-pressure flash tank at a higher position than the first medium-pressure circulating gas.
[0011] In another aspect, the present invention also discloses a method for recovering effective gas in a synthesis gas purification process, which is applicable to the above-mentioned apparatus for recovering effective gas, the method is characterized in that stripping gas is delivered to the flash tank during the flash. The effective gas contains CO and H2, the stripping gas contains H2 or purified synthesis gas, and the purified synthesis gas contains more than 80%, preferably more than 85%of H2. A ratio of stripping gas quantity (kmol / h) entering the flash tank to effective gas quantity in the stream to be flashed is 35%-50%.
[0012] The circulating gas resulting from flash evaporation is output from the flash tank, pressurized and delivered to an inlet of the synthesis gas purification device.
[0013] In still another aspect, in the method for recovering effective gas, a CO2 separation device is further provided, the drainage after flash is output from a flash evaporation device and processed by the CO2 separation device to produce a CO2 stream, wherein the CO2 stream contains less than 1000 ppm of CO.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:
[0015] 1. It is very suitable for rectisol technology, and the technical effect of the present invention can be achieved simply by inputting stripping gas into a conventional flash tank, featuring simple modification of the apparatus and low cost.
[0016] 2. In the prior art, generally more CO and H2 are recovered by reducing the pressure of the flash tank, but when the flash pressure is reduced, more acid gas, such as CO2, will become gaseous. In order to prevent additional CO2 from circulating into the purification system along with the effective gas out of flash evaporation, more cryogenic methanol must be used in the flash tank to scrub and remove this part of CO2, which will increase the amount of methanol required by the whole purification device and the amount of energy consumption for cooling the methanol. The method of the present invention, however, will not increase the amount of CO2 out of flash evaporation, and can avoid the above disadvantages.
[0017] 3. The purified synthesis gas can be used as stripping gas, which is convenient and cost-saving.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0018] The advantages and spirit of the present invention can be further understood through the detailed description and accompanying drawings below. It will be appreciated to those skilled in the art that the drawings and embodiments do not have any limitation on the present invention.
[0019] Fig. 1 is a partial schematic diagram of a synthesis gas purification device in Comparative Example 1.
[0020] Fig. 2 is a partial schematic diagram of the synthesis gas purification device in Embodiment 1.
[0021] Fig. 3 is a partial schematic diagram of the synthesis gas purification device in Embodiment 2.
[0022] List of reference signs:
[0023] A-Crude synthesis gas absorption column; B-Flash column; C-Lean methanol pump; D-Main scrubbing methanol pump; E1-First water cooler; E2-Second water cooler; K1-First circulating gas compressor; K2-Second circulating gas compressor; V1-First gas-liquid separation tank; V2-Second gas-liquid separation tank; Section I-First medium-pressure flash tank; Section II-Second medium-pressure flash tank; Section III-Second high-pressure flash tank; Section IV-First high-pressure flash tank; 1-Crude synthesis gas; 2-Purified synthesis gas; 3, 3’-First part of stripping gas; 4, 4’-Second part of stripping gas; 5-Pre-scrubbing methanol; 6-CO2-containing methanol; 7-Sulfur-containing methanol; 8-Lean methanol; 9-Main scrubbing methanol; 10-Second high-pressure circulating gas; 11-First high-pressure circulating gas; 12-First medium-pressure circulating gas; 13-Second medium-pressure circulating gas; 14-First high-pressure drainage; 15-Second high-pressure drainage; 16-First medium-pressure drainage; 17-Second medium-pressure drainage; 18-Scrubbing methanol
[0024] Detailed Description of the Embodiments
[0025] The technical solution of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings to give a clear illustration of the objective, technical solution and advantages of the present application. It is apparent that the embodiments described herein are part instead of all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
[0026] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified or defined, the terms “installation” and “connection” should be understood broadly. “Fixedly connected” , “fixed to” or “immovably connected” means that the connection between two or more structural members is not configured to provide relative motion. Examples of fixed connections include welded connections, flanged connections, or bolted connections.
[0027] In addition, the qualifier similar to “a” in the present application does not intend to limit the quantity, but describes a technical feature that has not appeared in the preceding text. Similarly, unless the word is a noun modified by a specific quantifier, it should be regarded as including both singular and plural forms, and the technical solution can include both singular and plural technical features.
[0028] It will be appreciated that in the present application, “at least one” means one or more, and “multiple” means two or more. “And / or” is used to describe the relationship of related objects, which shows three possible relationships. For example, “A and / or B” includes the following three cases: only A, only B, and both A and B, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character “ / ” generally means that the related objects have an OR relationship. “At least one of the following” or similar expressions refer to any combination of the item (s) , including any singular or plural combination. For example, at least one of a, b or c means a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c, or a and b and c, where a, b and c can be singular or plural.
[0029] The terms “top” , “bottom” , “upper” and “lower” are said relative to the orientation of the device in the operating state.
[0030] Synthesis gas contains CO and H2, and is generally prepared through coal gasification reaction or SMR (Steam Methane Reforming) reaction. The ratio of CO to H2 in the prepared crude synthesis gas can be adjusted through transform reaction. The crude synthesis gas contains some impurities. Take the synthesis gas obtained through coal gasification reaction as an example, which contains impurities such as CO2, H2S, COS, NH3, HCN and heavy hydrocarbons. Because of the remarkable ability to remove sulfur, CO2 and related trace components, rectisol is a preferred purification process. The process generally includes the following steps: 1) scrubbing the crude synthesis gas with cryogenic methanol in the absorption column; 2) in the apparatus for recovering effective gas, recovering the effective gas (i.e., CO and H2) dissolved in methanol in the scrubbing process; and 3) regenerating, cooling and recycling the methanol in the solvent regeneration device.
[0031] The circulating gas in the present invention contains effective gas obtained from the flash tank through flash evaporation. After the liquid therein is separated, the circulating gas is pressurized, cooled, merged into the crude synthesis gas, and then enters the synthesis gas purification device again.
[0032] “Column” herein refers to a hollow structure that enables full contact and mass transfer between gas and liquid, and packings to promote gas-liquid contact can be installed as needed. The columns are in fluid communication through pipelines. Take the absorption column as an example, which stands vertically on the ground, and in a sealed column shell, three parts are accommodated: a pre-scrubbing section closest to the ground, a desulfurization section disposed above the pre-scrubbing section, and a CO2 removal section disposed above the desulfurization section. Packings for increasing gas-liquid contact are installed in each section. The pre-scrubbing section mainly removes heavy hydrocarbons, NH3, HCN, etc. in the crude synthesis gas to generate pre-scrubbing methanol. The desulfurization section mainly removes COS, H2S, etc. to generate sulfur-containing methanol. The CO2 removal section mainly removes CO2 to generate CO2-containing methanol. The CO2-containing methanol and sulfur-containing methanol are sent to their respective flash tanks for flash evaporation to recover the effective gas therein.
[0033] The CO2-containing methanol discharged from the CO2 removal section is sent to the flash column to recover the effective gas in it. The gas obtained from flash evaporation is used as a part of circulating gas, pressurized and merged into the crude synthesis gas, and then input to the absorption column for purification again. A first part of liquid obtained from flash evaporation enters a CO2 product gas tank and generates a first CO2 stream after gas-liquid separation, and a second part of liquid obtained from flash evaporation is further flashed to remove CO2 therein and generates a main scrubbing methanol. One part of the main scrubbing methanol is sent to a reabsorption column for regeneration, and the other part is sent to the absorption column as a scrubbing liquid.
[0034] The sulfur-containing methanol discharged from the desulfurization section is sent to the flash column to recover the effective gas in it. The gas obtained from flash evaporation is used as a part of circulating gas, pressurized and merged into the crude synthesis gas, and then input to the absorption column for purification again. The liquid obtained from flash evaporation enters a CO2 separation column to generate a second CO2 stream, and the bottom liquid then enters the reabsorption column. In the reabsorption column, CO2 is further removed by means of N2 stripping, and the discharged gas is tail gas containing CO2. Most of the bottom liquid of the reabsorption column is sent to a thermal regeneration column, and a small stream of it is sent to the flash column as scrubbing methanol, which is used to remove CO2 from the gas obtained from flash evaporation.
[0035] The CO2 product gas tank and CO2 separation column are both part of the CO2 separation device.
[0036] The pre-scrubbing methanol discharged from the pre-scrubbing section is sent to a pre-scrubbing flash tank to recover the effective gas therein. The gas obtained from flash evaporation is pressurized as a part of circulating gas and then merged into the crude synthesis gas, and the obtained liquid is sent to the thermal regeneration column. All the methanol liquid merged into the thermal regeneration column becomes lean methanol after being regenerated and cooled. The first CO2 stream and the second CO2 stream are merged to form a total CO2 stream. In some technical processes, the total CO2 stream and CO2 tail gas are discharged after being merged, and the CO content therein should meet the national standard, that is, less than 1000 ppm.
[0037] Flash evaporation is to evaporate liquid substances rapidly through rapid depressurization by means of the boiling point difference of substances under different pressures, so as to transform liquid substances to gaseous substances. When the liquid to be flashed is a mixture of components, the substances with lower boiling point and higher volatility are predominantly in the gas phase after flash evaporation. The flash tank functions for providing a space for rapid gasification and gas-liquid separation of fluid, and packings or trays helpful for gas-liquid separation can be installed in the tank. Multiple flash tanks can be stacked together to form a flash column. Single-stage flash or multi-stage flash can be used for any multi-component liquid herein. The single-stage flash means that the multi-component liquid is subjected to a one-off rapid depressurization and only needs one flash tank. The multi-stage flash means that the multi-component liquid is subjected to many times of rapid depressurization with different final pressures, which shall be realized in multiple flash tanks. High-pressure flash and medium-pressure flash herein refer to a relative relationship between flashes at two stages. The pressure in a high-pressure flash tank is higher than that in a medium-pressure flash tank, but both of them are lower than the initial pressure of the multi-component liquid, that is, the pressure of the absorption column. Optionally, the pressure range of the absorption column is 40-60 barg, the pressure range in the high-pressure flash tank is 30-40 barg, and the pressure range in the medium-pressure flash tank is 10-20 barg.
[0038] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the comparative example 1. A is the crude synthesis gas absorption column, and B is the flash column. The reabsorption column which desorbs and regenerates the methanol after absorption, the thermal regeneration column, the methanol-water separation column, etc. are not shown, because they are conventional technologies well known to those skilled in the art. Absorption column A includes a lower pre-scrubbing section, an intermediate desulfurization section, and an upper CO2 removal section. The cryogenic scrubbing methanol introduced from outside the column contains a lean methanol 8 and a main scrubbing methanol 9. The lean methanol is the methanol regenerated by the thermal regeneration column and then cooled, which does not contain such impurities as CO2 and sulfide, and the water content is less than 1%. The main scrubbing methanol comes from the reabsorption column, and does not contain such impurities as sulfide, and the content of CO2 is about 10%-15%. The input to the pre-scrubbing section of the absorption column is crude synthesis gas 1, preferably a transformed crude synthesis gas, in which the molar content of H2 is more than 80%. After scrubbing, a pre-scrubbing methanol 5 is discharged from the bottom of the pre-scrubbing section, which contains impurities such as heavy hydrocarbons, NH3 and HCN. A sulfur-containing methanol 7 is discharged from the desulfurization section, which contains impurities such as COS and H2S. A CO2-containing methanol 6 is discharged from the CO2 removal section, which is rich in CO2, for example contains 20%-50%CO2. A purified synthesis gas 2 is discharged from the top of the absorption column A, in which the ratio of CO and H2 is approximately equal to that of the crude synthesis gas. The operating pressure of the crude synthesis gas absorption column A is about 40 barg (gauge pressure) .
[0039] The sulfur-containing methanol and CO2-containing methanol still contain some CO and H2 (for example, 0.5%-1%) , and this part of effective gas needs to be recovered through flash evaporation. Flash evaporation is implemented in a flash tank with a pressure lower than that of the liquid to be flashed, and preferably, the pressure of the flash tank is approximately 1 / 2 of that of the liquid to be flashed. Flash evaporation can be completed through one-off or multiple flash. In this embodiment, multi-stage flash is adopted. The sulfur-containing methanol and / or CO2-containing methanol output from the absorption column A is first flashed in a high-pressure flash tank with a pressure of about 20 barg, and the obtained flash gas is separated, pressurized and cooled as circulating gas, and then merges with the crude synthesis gas. The liquid obtained from flash evaporation is sent to a medium-pressure flash tank with a pressure of about 9.3 barg for flash again. After CO2 is removed from the obtained flash gas by the scrubbing methanol, the remaining effective gas is separated, pressurized and cooled as circulating gas, and then merges with the crude synthesis gas. Upon further separation of the liquid obtained from flash evaporation, a CO2 stream containing more than 98%of CO2 is obtained. Specifically, the CO2-containing methanol 6 and sulfur-containing methanol 7 are sprayed from above into the first high-pressure flash tank (Section IV) and the second high-pressure flash tank (Section III) after they are depressurized by a pressure reducing valve to the pressure of the high-pressure flash tank. In the first high-pressure flash tank (Section IV) , the light-component gas with a lower boiling point obtained from flash evaporation of the CO2-containing methanol 6, the main components of which are H2 and CO, is discharged from a top outlet as a first high-pressure circulating gas 11, and the remaining liquid after flash is led out from the bottom of the tank as a first high-pressure drainage 14. In the second high-pressure flash tank (Section III) , the light-component gas with a lower boiling point obtained from flash evaporation of the sulfur-containing methanol 7, the main components of which are H2 and CO, is discharged from a top outlet as a second high-pressure circulating gas 10, and the remaining liquid after flash is led out from the bottom of the tank as a second high-pressure drainage 15. The first high-pressure circulating gas 11 and the second high-pressure circulating gas 10 converge and are fed into a second gas-liquid separation tank V2, and the gas obtained after separation is mainly composed of H2, CO and CO2. It is compressed to about 40 barg in a second circulating gas compressor K2, cooled to 40-42 ℃ by a second water cooler E2, merges with the crude synthesis gas 1 at a front end of the absorption column A, and then re-enters the absorption column A for purification.
[0040] The first high-pressure drainage 14 is depressurized in the pipeline to the pressure of the first medium-pressure flash tank (section I) by a pressure reducing device, such as a pressure reducing valve, and then sprayed from above into the first medium-pressure flash tank (section I) . In the first medium-pressure flash tank (section I) , the light-component gas with a lower boiling point obtained from flash evaporation of the first high-pressure drainage 14 is mainly composed of H2 and CO, and is discharged from a top outlet as a first medium-pressure circulating gas 12, and the remaining liquid after flash is led out from the bottom of the tank as a first medium-pressure drainage 16. The second high-pressure drainage 15 is depressurized in the pipeline to the pressure of the second medium-pressure flash tank (section II) by a pressure reducing device, such as a pressure reducing valve, and then sprayed from above into the second medium-pressure flash tank (section II) . Above the inlet of the stream, the first medium-pressure circulating gas 12 and the scrubbing methanol 18 are introduced into the second medium-pressure flash tank respectively from bottom to top. The second high-pressure drainage 15 is flashed in the second medium-pressure flash tank (Section II) , and the gas obtained from flash evaporation is mainly composed of H2 and CO, as well as a small amount of CO2. The scrubbing methanol 18 is optionally from the cryogenic sulfur-containing methanol at the bottom of the reabsorption column. Because it does not contain CO2, it can help to further scrub and remove CO2 in the gas obtained from flash evaporation and in the first medium-pressure circulating gas 12. The scrubbed flash gas is discharged from a top outlet as a second medium-pressure circulating gas 13. The remaining liquid after flash is led out from the bottom of the tank as a second medium-pressure drainage 17. The first medium-pressure flash tank (section I) , the second medium-pressure flash tank (section II) , the second high-pressure flash tank (section III) and the first high-pressure flash tank (section IV) are assembled from top to bottom to form a flash column.
[0041] The second medium-pressure circulating gas 13 enters a first gas-liquid separation tank V1, and the gas obtained after separation is mainly composed of H2, CO and traces of CO2. It is compressed in a first circulating gas compressor K1 to the pressure of the high-pressure flash tank, i.e. about 40 barg, cooled by a first water cooler E1 to 40-42 ℃, and then fed into the second gas-liquid separation tank V2, where it is mixed with the first and second high-pressure circulating gas. After being compressed and cooled through the above-mentioned process, the separated gas merges with the crude synthesis gas 1 at the front end of the absorption column A, and then re-enters the absorption column A for purification.
[0042] Both the first medium-pressure drainage 16 and the second medium-pressure drainage 17 are rich in CO2, and a stream containing more than 98%of CO2 is obtained through further separation. Whether it is used as a CO2 product or discharged as tail gas, the CO content in it shall be less than the national standard, generally less than 1000 ppm. In this comparative example, in order to reduce the content of CO in the drainage, the pressure of the medium-pressure flash tank is reduced, so that more CO2 can enter the gas obtained from flash evaporation along with CO. In order to keep the CO2 content in the circulating gas below 50%, scrubbing methanol is used to scrub and remove the CO2 in the flash gas.
[0043] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 1. A is the crude synthesis gas absorption column, and B is the flash column. The reabsorption column which desorbs and regenerates the methanol after absorption, the thermal regeneration column, the methanol-water separation column, etc. are not shown, because they are conventional technologies well known to those skilled in the art. The absorption column A includes a lower pre-scrubbing section, an intermediate desulfurization section, and an upper CO2 removal section. The cryogenic scrubbing methanol introduced from outside the column contains a lean methanol 8 and a main scrubbing methanol 9. The lean methanol is the methanol regenerated by the thermal regeneration column, which does not contain such impurities as CO2 and sulfide, and the water content is less than 1%. The main scrubbing methanol comes from the reabsorption column, and does not contain such impurities as sulfide, and the content of CO2 is about 10%-15%. The input to the pre-scrubbing section of the absorption column is crude synthesis gas 1, preferably a transformed crude synthesis gas, in which the molar content of H2 is more than 80%, preferably more than 85%. After scrubbing, a pre-scrubbing methanol 5 is discharged from the bottom of the pre-scrubbing section, which contains impurities such as heavy hydrocarbons, NH3 and HCN. A sulfur-containing methanol 7 is discharged from the desulfurization section, which contains impurities such as COS and H2S. A CO2-containing methanol 6 is discharged from the CO2 removal section, which is rich in CO2, for example contains 20%-50%CO2. A purified synthesis gas 2 is discharged from the top of the absorption column A, in which the ratio of CO and H2 is approximately equal to that of the crude synthesis gas. The operating pressure of the crude synthesis gas absorption column A is about 40 barg (gauge pressure) .
[0044] The sulfur-containing methanol and CO2-containing methanol still contain some CO and H2 (for example, 0.5%-1%) , and this part of effective gas needs to be recovered through flash evaporation. Flash evaporation is implemented in a flash tank with a pressure lower than that of the liquid to be flashed, and preferably, the pressure of the flash tank is approximately 1 / 2 of that of the liquid to be flashed. Flash evaporation can be completed through one-off or multiple flash. In this embodiment, multi-stage flash is adopted. The sulfur-containing methanol and / or CO2-containing methanol output from the absorption column A is first flashed in a high-pressure flash tank with a pressure of about 20 barg, and the obtained flash gas is separated, pressurized and cooled as circulating gas, and then merges with the crude synthesis gas. The liquid obtained from flash evaporation is sent to a medium-pressure flash tank with a pressure of about 11.1 barg for flash again. After CO2 is removed from the obtained flash gas by the scrubbing methanol, the remaining effective gas is separated, pressurized and cooled as circulating gas, and then merges with the crude synthesis gas. Upon further separation of the liquid obtained from flash evaporation, a CO2 stream containing more than 98%of CO2 is obtained. Specifically, the CO2-containing methanol 6 and sulfur-containing methanol 7 are sprayed from above into the first high-pressure flash tank (Section IV) and the second high-pressure flash tank (Section III) after they are depressurized by a pressure reducing valve to the pressure of the high-pressure flash tank. In the first high-pressure flash tank (Section IV) , the light-component gas with a lower boiling point obtained from flash evaporation of the CO2-containing methanol 6, the main components of which are H2 and CO, is discharged from a top outlet as a first high-pressure circulating gas 11, and the remaining liquid after flash is led out from the bottom of the tank as a first high-pressure drainage 14. In the second high-pressure flash tank (Section III) , the light-component gas with a lower boiling point obtained from flash evaporation of the sulfur-containing methanol 7 is mainly composed of H2 and CO, and is discharged from a top outlet as a second high-pressure circulating gas 10, and the remaining liquid after flash is led out from the bottom of the tank as a second high-pressure drainage 15. The first high-pressure circulating gas 11 and the second high-pressure circulating gas 10 converge and are fed into a second gas-liquid separation tank V2, and the gas obtained after separation is mainly composed of H2, CO and CO2. It is compressed to about 40 barg in a second circulating gas compressor K2, cooled to 40-42 ℃ by a second water cooler E2, merges with the crude synthesis gas 1 at a front end of the absorption column A, and then re-enters the absorption column A for purification.
[0045] The first high-pressure drainage 14 is depressurized in the pipeline to the pressure of the first medium-pressure flash tank (section I) by a pressure reducing device, such as a pressure reducing valve, and then sprayed from above into the first medium-pressure flash tank (section I) . A first part of stripping gas 3 is introduced below the inlet of the stream and above the packing or tray in the tank. In the first medium-pressure flash tank (section I) , the light-component gas with a lower boiling point obtained from flash evaporation and stripping of the first high-pressure drainage 14 is mainly composed of H2 and CO, and is discharged from a top outlet as a first medium-pressure circulating gas 12, and the remaining liquid after flash is led out from the bottom of the tank as a first medium-pressure drainage 16. The second high-pressure drainage 15 is depressurized in the pipeline to the pressure of the second medium-pressure flash tank (section II) by a pressure reducing device, such as a pressure reducing valve, and then sprayed from above into the second medium-pressure flash tank (section II) . Above the inlet of the stream, a second part of stripping gas 4, the first medium-pressure circulating gas 12, and the scrubbing methanol 18 are introduced into the second medium-pressure flash tank respectively from bottom to top. The second high-pressure drainage 15 is flashed in the second medium-pressure flash tank (Section II) , and the light-component gas with a lower boiling point obtained from flash evaporation and stripping is mainly composed of H2 and CO, and is discharged from a top outlet as a second medium-pressure circulating gas 13, and the remaining liquid after flash is led out from the bottom of the tank as a second medium-pressure drainage 17. The scrubbing methanol 18 is optionally from the sulfur-containing methanol at the bottom of the reabsorption column. Because it does not contain CO2, it can help to further remove CO2 in the flash gas and in the first medium-pressure circulating gas 12. The first part of stripping gas 3 and the second part of stripping gas 4 are both from the purified synthesis gas 2, for example, the synthesis gas containing about 85.8%of H2 and about 11.1%of CO. Stripping gas is input to the respective medium-pressure flash tanks at close flow rates, which are approximately 35%-50%of the flow rate of effective gas in the streams to be flashed. The first medium-pressure flash tank (section I) , the second medium-pressure flash tank (section II) , the second high-pressure flash tank (section III) and the first high-pressure flash tank (section IV) are assembled from top to bottom to form a flash column.
[0046] The second medium-pressure circulating gas 13 enters a first gas-liquid separation tank V1, and the gas obtained after separation is mainly composed of H2, CO and traces of CO2. It is compressed in a first circulating gas compressor K1 to the pressure of the high-pressure flash tank, i.e. about 40 barg, cooled by the first water cooler E1 to 40-42 ℃, and then fed into the second gas-liquid separation tank V2, where it is mixed with the first and second high-pressure circulating gas. After being compressed and cooled through the above-mentioned process, the separated gas merges with the crude synthesis gas 1 at the front end of the absorption column A, and then re-enters the absorption column A for purification.
[0047] Both the first medium-pressure drainage 16 and the second medium-pressure drainage 17 are rich in CO2, and a stream containing more than 98%of CO2 is obtained through further separation. Whether it is used as a CO2 product or discharged as tail gas, the CO content in it shall be less than the national standard, generally less than 1000 ppm. In this embodiment, because the synthetic gas is used as stripping gas in the medium-pressure flash tank, CO can be changed from liquid to gas under a higher pressure of the medium-pressure flash tank, which meets the requirement of low CO content in the flashed drainage. By comparison with Comparative Example 1, the flash tank has a higher pressure, less CO2 enters the gas obtained from flash evaporation, and the amount of scrubbing methanol for scrubbing and removing the additional CO2 from the flash gas is correspondingly reduced. That is to say, while ensuring a reduction of the CO content in the drainage, Embodiment 1 ensures that the CO2 content in the circulating gas is lower than 50%by using less scrubbing methanol, thus reducing the energy consumption of the whole purification device. This technical effect can also be achieved if a single-stage flash process is adopted, for example, only the high-pressure flash tank is retained, with stripping gas similarly input into the high-pressure flash tank.
[0048] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 2. A is the crude synthesis gas absorption column, and B is the flash column. The reabsorption column which desorbs and regenerates the methanol after absorption, the thermal regeneration column, the methanol-water separation column, etc. are not shown, because they are conventional technologies well known to those skilled in the art. The absorption column A includes a lower pre-scrubbing section, an intermediate desulfurization section, and an upper CO2 removal section. The cryogenic scrubbing methanol introduced from outside the column contains a lean methanol 8 and a main scrubbing methanol 9. The lean methanol is the methanol regenerated by the thermal regeneration column, which does not contain such impurities as CO2 and sulfide, and the water content is less than 1%. The main scrubbing methanol comes from the reabsorption column, and does not contain such impurities as sulfide, and the content of CO2 is about 10%-15%. The input to the pre-scrubbing section of the absorption column is crude synthesis gas 1. After scrubbing, a pre-scrubbing methanol 5 is discharged from the bottom of the pre-scrubbing section, which contains impurities such as heavy hydrocarbons, NH3 and HCN. A sulfur-containing methanol 7 is discharged from the desulfurization section, which contains impurities such as COS and H2S. A CO2-containing methanol 6 is discharged from the CO2 removal section, which is rich in CO2, for example contains 20%-50%CO2. A purified synthesis gas 2 is discharged from the top of the absorption column A. The operating pressure of the crude synthesis gas absorption column A is about 40 barg (gauge pressure) .
[0049] The sulfur-containing methanol and CO2-containing methanol still contain some CO and H2 (for example, 0.5%-1%) , and this part of effective gas needs to be recovered through flash evaporation. Flash evaporation is implemented in a flash tank with a pressure lower than that of the liquid to be flashed, and preferably, the pressure of the flash tank is approximately 1 / 2 of that of the liquid to be flashed. Flash evaporation can be completed through one-off or multiple flash. In this embodiment, multi-stage flash is adopted. The sulfur-containing methanol and / or CO2-containing methanol output from the absorption column A is first flashed in a high-pressure flash tank with a pressure of about 20 barg, and the obtained flash gas is separated, pressurized and cooled as circulating gas, and then merges with the crude synthesis gas. The liquid obtained from flash evaporation is sent to a medium-pressure flash tank with a pressure of about 12.5 barg for flash again, and the obtained flash gas is separated, pressurized and cooled as circulating gas, and then merges with the crude synthesis gas. After the liquid obtained from flash evaporation is further separated by the CO2 separation device, a CO2 stream containing more than 98%of CO2 is obtained. Specifically, the CO2-containing methanol 6 and sulfur-containing methanol 7 are sprayed from above into the first high-pressure flash tank (Section IV) and the second high-pressure flash tank (Section III) after they are depressurized by a pressure reducing valve to the pressure of the high-pressure flash tank. In the first high-pressure flash tank (Section IV) , the light-component gas with a lower boiling point obtained from flash evaporation of the CO2-containing methanol 6, the main components of which are H2 and CO, is discharged from a top outlet as a first high-pressure circulating gas 11, and the remaining liquid after flash is led out from the bottom of the tank as a first high-pressure drainage 14. In the second high-pressure flash tank (Section III) , the light-component gas with a lower boiling point obtained from flash evaporation of the sulfur-containing methanol 7 is mainly composed of H2 and CO, and is discharged from a top outlet as a second high-pressure circulating gas 10, and the remaining liquid after flash is led out from the bottom of the tank as a second high-pressure drainage 15. The first high-pressure circulating gas 11 and the second high-pressure circulating gas 10 converge and are fed into a second gas-liquid separation tank V2, and the gas obtained after separation is mainly composed of H2, CO and CO2. It is compressed to about 40 barg in a second circulating gas compressor K2, cooled to 40-42 ℃ by a second water cooler E2, merges with the crude synthesis gas 1 at a front end of the absorption column A, and then re-enters the absorption column A for purification.
[0050] The first high-pressure drainage 14 is depressurized in the pipeline to the pressure of the first medium-pressure flash tank (section I) by a pressure reducing device, such as a pressure reducing valve, and then sprayed from above into the first medium-pressure flash tank (section I) . A first part of stripping gas 3’ is introduced below the inlet of the stream and above the packing or tray in the tank. In the first medium-pressure flash tank (section I) , the light-component gas with a lower boiling point obtained from flash evaporation and stripping of the first high-pressure drainage 14 is mainly composed of H2 and CO, and is discharged from a top outlet as a first medium-pressure circulating gas 12, and the remaining liquid after flash is led out from the bottom of the tank as a first medium-pressure drainage 16. The second high-pressure drainage 15 is depressurized in the pipeline to the pressure of the second medium-pressure flash tank (section II) by a pressure reducing device, such as a pressure reducing valve, and then sprayed from above into the second medium-pressure flash tank (section II) . Above the inlet of the stream, a second part of stripping gas 4’, the first medium-pressure circulating gas 12, and the scrubbing methanol 18 are introduced into the second medium-pressure flash tank respectively from bottom to top. The second high-pressure drainage 15 is flashed in the second medium-pressure flash tank (Section II) , and the light-component gas with a lower boiling point obtained from flash evaporation and stripping is mainly composed of H2 and CO, and is discharged from a top outlet as a second medium-pressure circulating gas 13, and the remaining liquid after flash is led out from the bottom of the tank as a second medium-pressure drainage 17. The scrubbing methanol 18 is optionally from the sulfur-containing methanol at the bottom of the reabsorption column. Because it does not contain CO2, it can help to further remove CO2 in the flash gas and in the first medium-pressure circulating gas 12. Both the first part of stripping gas 3’ and the second part of stripping gas 4’ are H2, which can be provided by a H2 supply source, e.g. pipeline network; or may be obtained through a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) device, with a purity of higher than 98%mol, preferably higher than 99%mol, and more preferably higher than 99.8%mol.
[0051] The amount of stripping gas input to the respective medium-pressure flash tanks is close to each other, which is approximately 35%-50%of the amount of effective gas in the streams to be flashed. The first medium-pressure flash tank (section I) , the second medium-pressure flash tank (section II) , the second high-pressure flash tank (section III) and the first high-pressure flash tank (section IV) are assembled from top to bottom to form a flash column.
[0052] The second medium-pressure circulating gas 13 enters a first gas-liquid separation tank V1, and the gas obtained after separation is mainly composed of H2, CO and traces of CO2. It is compressed in a first circulating gas compressor K1 to the pressure of the high-pressure flash tank, i.e. about 40 barg, cooled by the first water cooler E1 to 40~42 ℃, and then fed into the second gas-liquid separation tank V2, where it is mixed with the first and second high-pressure circulating gas. After being compressed and cooled through the above-mentioned process, the separated gas merges with the crude synthesis gas 1 at the front end of the absorption column A, and then re-enters the absorption column A for purification.
[0053] Both the first medium-pressure drainage 16 and the second medium-pressure drainage 17 are rich in CO2, and a stream containing more than 98%of CO2 is obtained through further separation. Whether it is used as a CO2 product or discharged as tail gas, the CO content in it shall be less than the national standard, generally less than 1000 ppm. In this embodiment, because hydrogen is used as stripping gas in the medium-pressure flash tank, CO can be changed from liquid to gas under a higher pressure of the medium-pressure flash tank, which meets the requirement of low CO content in the flashed drainage. By comparison with Comparative Example 1, the flash tank has a higher pressure, less CO2 enters the gas obtained from flash evaporation, and the amount of scrubbing methanol for scrubbing and removing the additional CO2 from the flash gas is correspondingly reduced. That is to say, while ensuring a reduction of the CO content in the drainage, Embodiment 2 ensures that the CO2 content in the circulating gas is lower than 50%by using less scrubbing methanol, thus reducing the energy consumption of the whole purification device. This technical effect can also be achieved if a single-stage flash process is adopted, for example, only the high-pressure flash tank is retained, with stripping gas similarly input into the high-pressure flash tank.
[0054] The boiling point of a substance decreases with the decrease of its pressure, so in the process of flash evaporation, depressurization enables more substances with a high boiling point to be gasified, making the substances in liquid phase reduced. In the prior art, the content of effective gas in the gas obtained from flash evaporation and in the liquid after flash is generally adjusted by adjusting the flash pressure. However, the influence of reducing flash pressure on other components except effective gas, especially on CO2, is not considered. When the flash pressure decreases, more CO2 will vaporize with CO and H2 and enter the gas obtained after flash. In order not to bring extra CO2 into the circulating gas and eventually merge it into the crude synthesis gas, scrubbing methanol shall be introduced into the flash tank to remove CO2 in the gas obtained from flash evaporation. The higher the content of CO2 in the gas after flash is, the more cryogenic scrubbing methanol is needed, and the greater energy is consumed by the refrigerator of the whole purification system.
[0055] In order to control the CO content in the medium-pressure flash drainage below 1000 ppm, Table 1 is formulated below, which compares the parameters in Comparative Example 1, Embodiment 1, and Embodiment 2. Comparative Example 1 did not use any stripping gas; Embodiment 1 adopted the purified synthesis gas, in which the content of H2 is 85.75%mol; Embodiment 2 adopted H2 with a purity close to 100%mol. The amount of stripping gas includes the total of stripping gas delivered to the first and second medium-pressure flash tanks, and the distribution ratio of stripping gas in the two medium-pressure flash tanks is 30: 50. Lean methanol is a methanol stream whose methanol content is more than 99%and whose temperature is lower than -50 ℃. It is the methanol stream with the highest purity and extremely low temperature in the whole purification device, and its amount is used here to represent the consumption of methanol in the whole device. Correspondingly, the energy consumption of refrigerator refers to the amount of cooling that needs to be supplemented in normal operation, which is an important index of the Opex of a rectisol factory.
[0056] Table 1 Comparison of parameters in a synthesis gas purification process
[0057] As can be seen from the above table, in order that the same low content of CO can be obtained from the medium-pressure flash drainage, a lower flash pressure is required if no stripping gas is used. As a result, the flash gas contains more CO2, and more scrubbing methanol is required for removing the extra CO2, and the lean methanol consumed by the whole purification device and the energy consumption of the refrigerator are higher than those in the two cases where stripping gas is used. In the case of using stripping gas, the higher the H2 content, the higher the acceptable flash pressure, the lower the content of CO2 that enters the flash gas together with the effective gas, and the less the lean methanol used by the synthesis gas purification device and the less the energy consumed by the refrigerator. Pure H2 entails a high cost. If the synthetic gas generated by the purification device is used as stripping gas, the cost will be controlled and energy saving and emission reduction will be realized.
[0058] It is very convenient and feasible to modify the existing flash column with the solution of inputting stripping gas as described in the present invention.
[0059] The embodiments described above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and they are used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, instead of limiting the present invention. Unless otherwise stated, each aspect or embodiment defined herein can be combined with any other aspect (s) or embodiment (s) . In particular, any feature indicated as preferred or advantageous can be combined with any other feature indicated as preferred or advantageous. Any technical solution that can be obtained by those skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the concept of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1.An apparatus for recovering effective gas in a synthesis gas purification device, characterized by comprising a flash tank, a pipeline connected with the flash tank for inputting a stream to be flashed, a pipeline for inputting stripping gas, and pipelines for outputting circulating gas and drainage after flash respectively.2.The apparatus for recovering effective gas according to claim 1, characterized in that the synthesis gas purification device at least comprises an absorption column, an apparatus for recovering effective gas, and a solvent regeneration device.3.The apparatus for recovering effective gas according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipeline for inputting stripping gas is connected with a purified synthesis gas outlet of the absorption column, wherein the purified synthesis gas contains more than 80%mol, preferably more than 85%mol of H2.4.The apparatus for recovering effective gas according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipeline for inputting stripping gas is connected with a H2 supply source.5.The apparatus for recovering effective gas according to claim 2, characterized by optionally comprising a high-pressure flash tank and a low-pressure flash tank with different flash pressures, wherein the stream to be flashed includes CO2-containing methanol and sulfur-containing methanol from the absorption column, and optionally, drainage thereof after high-pressure flash.6.The apparatus for recovering effective gas according to claim 5, characterized in that the flash tank for flashing CO2-containing methanol comprises a first high-pressure flash tank and a first medium-pressure flash tank, wherein the first high-pressure flash tank is connected with a pipeline for inputting CO2-containing methanol, pipelines for outputting a first high-pressure circulating gas and a first high-pressure drainage, and the first medium-pressure flash tank is connected with a pipeline for inputting the first high-pressure drainage, a pipeline for inputting stripping gas, and pipelines for outputting a first medium-pressure circulating gas and a first medium-pressure drainage.7.The apparatus for recovering effective gas according to claim 5, characterized in that the flash tank for flashing the sulfur-containing methanol comprises a second high-pressure flash tank and a second medium-pressure flash tank, wherein the second high-pressure flash tank is connected with a pipeline for inputting sulfur-containing methanol, pipelines for outputting a second high-pressure circulating gas and a second high-pressure drainage, and the second medium-pressure flash tank is connected with a pipeline for inputting the second high-pressure drainage, a pipeline for inputting stripping gas, and pipelines for outputting a second medium-pressure circulating gas and a second medium-pressure drainage.8.The apparatus for recovering effective gas according to claim 7, characterized by further comprising pipelines for conveying scrubbing methanol and the first medium-pressure circulating gas into the second medium-pressure flash tank respectively, wherein the scrubbing methanol enters the second medium-pressure flash tank at a higher position than the first medium-pressure circulating gas.9.A method for recovering effective gas in a synthesis gas purification process, which is applicable to the apparatus for recovering effective gas as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that stripping gas is delivered to the flash tank during the flash.10.The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the effective gas contains CO and H2, the stripping gas contains H2 or purified synthesis gas, and the purified synthesis gas contains more than 80%mol, preferably more than 85%mol of H2.11.The method according to claim 10, characterized in that H2 as stripping gas is obtained by pressure swing adsorption, with a purity of higher than 98%mol, preferably higher than 99%mol, and more preferably higher than 99.8%mol.12.The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the circulating gas is output from the flash tank, pressurized and delivered to an inlet of the synthesis gas purification device.13.The method according to claim 9, characterized in that a CO2 separation device is further provided, the drainage after flash is processed by the CO2 separation device to produce a CO2 stream, wherein the CO2 stream contains less than 1000 ppm of CO.14.The flash method according to claim 9, characterized in that a ratio of stripping gas quantity (kmol / h) entering the flash tank to effective gas quantity (kmol / h) in the stream to be flashed is 35%-50%.
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