Transformer-type motor / generator

Abstract

The invention relates to electric machines, and more particularly to linear and rotary motor / generators. Claimed is a motor / generator comprising a fixed magnetic core (stator) and a movable magnetic core (rotor), with magnets and generating and magnetizing windings, wherein the stator and the rotor consist of a pair of magnetic cores, namely a toothed core and a transformer core, which interact by means of a magnetic field and which each consist of at least one E-shaped base element. In the base element of the toothed core, the width of the cores and the distance therebetween are identical, and in the base element of the transformer core, the width of the lateral cores is two times less than the width of the central core and the distance between the lateral cores and the central core is equal to the width of the lateral cores, wherein the magnetizing windings and generating windings are always disposed on the stator. In order to control movement in motor mode, an alternating voltage is fed to the generating and magnetizing windings from a generator having a control unit. The technical result is the creation of a motor / generator which has broader functional capabilities and an increased power density.

Description

[0001] TRANSFORMER TYPE GENERATOR-MOTOR

[0002] The invention relates to electrical machines, in particular to generators-rotary motors.

[0003] The closest analogue is the “Universal generator-motor” (Eurasian patent No. 043401, published 2023.05.23).

[0004] The device comprises a fixed magnetic circuit (stator), a movable magnetic circuit (rotor), a magnet and windings, wherein the fixed magnetic circuit comprises at least one base element consisting of a magnet with a magnetization winding and generating windings located on both sides of it in such a way that an opposite change in magnetic fluxes in the windings is ensured during movement of the movable magnetic circuit. The magnet magnetization winding, intended for amplifying the magnetic flux, is fed from the generating windings through a rectifier. In the motor mode, alternating voltage from a generator with a control unit is supplied to the generating and magnetization windings to control movement.

[0005] Thus, one tooth on the rotor of the analogue replaces, in its influence on the frequency of the output voltage, two poles of the magnet of a conventional generator-motor.

[0006] Fig. 1 shows an oscillogram of the frequency of the output voltage of the generator according to the analogous patent when the rotor with 42 teeth rotates at a frequency of 96 revolutions per minute.

[0007] It was found that the output voltage in each basic element of the analog does not depend on where the generating winding is located. Fig. 2a, 2b and 2c show the case when the permanent magnets (electromagnets) are located on the side magnetic cores, and the generating winding is on the central one.

[0008] In Fig. 3a, 36 and 3b the directions of the magnetic field lines in the generating winding of the analog are shown when the rotor is moving. In this case, in the position of the rotor and stator as in Fig. 2a, the magnetic lines in the central magnetic circuit, as shown in Fig. 3a, are oppositely directed and mutually compensate so that the resulting magnetic field is zero and no EMF occurs. In the positions of the rotor and stator as in Fig. 26, 2b, in the central magnetic circuit, as shown in Fig. 36, 3b, the EMF changes its direction, and its amplitude in one period of oscillations on the generating central winding doubles, just as in conventional generators.

[0009] In the basic element of the analogue, it is sufficient to supply magnetization power to the side windings, and to remove the generated current and voltage from the winding of the central electromagnet.

[0010] Thus, the ability to generate EMF on the generating winding of the stator during rotor rotation does not depend on the relative position of the generating winding and the magnetization winding on the base element of the stator. In this case, if the magnetization windings are located on the side magnetic cores of the Ш-shaped base element, then the generating winding is located on the middle one, and if the magnetization winding is located on the middle magnetic core, then the generating windings are on two side magnetic cores. The windings located on the side magnetic cores are always connected in series.

[0011] The magnetization winding and the generating winding behave like the input and output windings of a conventional transformer. Provided that the number of turns in the windings is the same, we have an increase in either current or voltage in the generating winding.

[0012] In the design of the analogous patent, it was established that the number of generation cycles or the current / voltage frequency depends only on the number of teeth in the toothed magnetic circuit, while the number of phases and the shift between them are determined by the transformer magnetic circuit.

[0013] The disadvantage of the known analogue is the low specific power of the device (the ratio of the generator-motor power to its mass, i.e., Watt / kg), and, consequently, the low economic efficiency of the analogue, determined by the design.

[0014] The objective of this invention is to increase the economic efficiency of using a generator-motor by expanding its operational capabilities, increasing the specific power and improving its operational properties.

[0015] The stated tasks are solved by the claimed generator-motor, the essence of which is that the stator and rotor of the generator-motor always consist of a pair of toothed and transformer magnetic circuits interacting by means of a magnetic field, and the generating windings are always located on the stator. The claimed generator-motor is capable of operating with any direction of magnetic fields between the rotor and the stator. They can be directed both radially, that is, perpendicular to the axis of rotation, and axially, that is, along the line of the axis of rotation. The direction of the axis of rotation is selected by the user depending on the purposes of using the generator-motor and affects its geometric dimensions. With a radial arrangement, the diameter of the structure increases, and with an axial arrangement, its length. The number of rotors and stators on one axis of rotation can be any.

[0016] The toothed magnetic circuit consists of a plurality of basic elements of the toothed magnetic circuit, and the transformer magnetic circuit consists of a plurality of basic elements of the transformer magnetic circuit.

[0017] The basic element of the transformer magnetic circuit is a 111-shaped element, the width of the side magnetic circuits of which is 2 times less than the width of the central magnetic circuit, and the distance between the side magnetic circuits and the central magnetic circuit is equal to the width of the side magnetic circuit.

[0018] The base element of a toothed magnetic circuit is a W-shaped element, the width of the magnetic circuits of which and the distance (gaps) between them are the same.

[0019] Fig. 4a shows a section of one of the variants of the claimed 3-phase generator-motor with an external toothed rotor, assembled with a stator consisting of 12 basic elements of a transformer magnetic circuit.

[0020] Fig. 46 shows a section of the generator-motor rotor. The rotor consists of a plurality of basic elements of a toothed magnetic circuit.

[0021] Fig. 4c shows a section of the generator-motor stator, consisting of 12 basic elements of the transformer magnetic circuit, 4 basic elements for each phase. The phases are shifted relative to each other by 120 degrees and this creates a standard phase shift in both the generator and motor modes.

[0022] Fig. 5a and 5b show a diagram of the interaction of the basic elements of the outer rotor, consisting of a plurality of basic elements of the transformer magnetic circuit, and the stator, consisting of a plurality of basic elements of the toothed magnetic circuit.

[0023] When the base elements of the rotor and stator are in the relative position as shown in Fig. 5a, the magnetic flux is closed through its left part, and when the base elements of the rotor and stator are in the relative position as shown in Fig. 5b, the magnetic flux is closed through its right part, which causes a change in the generated EMF similar to that shown in Fig. 2.

[0024] Fig. 6a shows a section of one of the variants of the proposed 3-phase generator-motor with an external rotor in assembly, the interaction of the basic elements of the rotor and stator of which is shown in Fig. 5a and 5b.

[0025] Fig. 66 shows a section of the rotor of a generator-motor, consisting of 12 basic elements of a transformer magnetic circuit, 4 basic elements for each phase, which provides a standard phase shift of 120 degrees in both generator and motor modes.

[0026] Fig. 6c shows a section of the stator of a generator-motor, consisting of a plurality of basic elements of a toothed magnetic circuit.

[0027] From Fig. 6a, Fig. 6b and Fig. 6c it is seen that the number of side magnetic cores in the base element of the toothed magnetic core is always greater than the number of magnetic cores in the base element of the transformer magnetic core. That is, using the toothed magnetic core as a stator we can place a greater number of magnetization windings and generating windings on the side magnetic cores of the base element, and therefore obtain greater power in the generator-motor, which is determined by the total power of all base elements. This also allows increasing the effective power of the generator-motor according to the claimed invention.

[0028] Fig. 7a schematically shows a top view and a side view of the rotor of a generator-motor with an axial direction of the magnetic field lines.

[0029] Fig. 76 schematically shows a side view and a top view of the stator of a generator-motor with an axial direction of the magnetic field lines.

[0030] Fig. 7c shows the relative position of the rotor and stator of the generator-motor with the axial direction of the magnetic field lines. The axis of rotation is shown by a dotted line. The rotor and stator face each other with their protruding magnetic circuits.

[0031] Fig. 7g shows a double rotor, on two side faces of which protruding magnetic circuits are located.

[0032] Fig. 7d shows the mutual arrangement of the double rotor and two stators of the generator-motor with the axial direction of the magnetic field lines. The axis of rotation is shown by the dotted line. The double rotor and stators face each other with protruding magnetic circuits. This design allows increasing the total power, since it will be possible to place twice as many windings on two stators.

[0033] In the motor mode for controlling the movement of generating and magnetizing magnets The ability of the proposed generator-motor to effectively operate with both radial and axial directions of magnetic fields between the rotor and stator allows expanding the operational capabilities of the generator-motor for consumers, in particular, the consumer himself can choose the desired configuration of the mutual arrangement of the rotor and stator with the desired configuration of the magnetic field.

[0034] Thus, it was possible to radically improve the operational properties of the generator-motor according to the claimed invention, as well as increase its specific power.

Claims

CLAUSE OF INVENTION 1. A generator-motor comprising a fixed magnetic circuit (stator), a movable magnetic circuit (rotor), with magnets and generating and magnetizing windings, characterized in that the stator and rotor consist of a pair of toothed and transformer magnetic circuits interacting by means of a magnetic field, each of which consists of at least one base Ш-shaped element, wherein in the base element of the toothed magnetic circuit the width of the magnetic circuits and the distance between them are the same, and in the base element of the transformer magnetic circuit the width of the side magnetic circuits is 2 times smaller than the width of the central magnetic circuit and the distance between the side magnetic circuits and the central magnetic circuit is equal to the width of the side magnetic circuits, wherein the magnetizing windings and generating windings are always located on the stator.

2. A generator-motor according to item 1, characterized in that a hard magnetic material is used instead of a magnet.

3. A generator-motor according to paragraphs 1, 2, characterized in that in the motor mode, alternating voltage from the generator with a control unit is supplied to the generating and magnetizing windings to control movement.

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