Vacuum capacitor

Abstract

Provided is a vacuum capacitor, relating to the technical field of vacuum high-frequency high-power electronics. The vacuum capacitor comprises a capacitor electrode A and a capacitor electrode B. The capacitor electrode A comprises first annular plates. The capacitor electrode B comprises second annular plates. All the first annular plates and all the second annular plates are concentric and interleaved with each other. The spacing between each pair of adjacent first and second annular plates progressively increases from the outermost to the innermost. The larger the radii of two cylindrical metal rings are, the smaller the distance therebetween is, resulting in a greater increase in capacitance, thereby enhancing the total capacitance. In this way, under the premise of maintaining the current capacitor size unchanged, a vacuum capacitor with larger capacitance and higher voltage withstanding capability can be obtained.

Description

A vacuum capacitor Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of vacuum high-frequency high-power electronic technology, in particular to a vacuum capacitor. Background Art

[0002] Currently, there are two types of vacuum capacitors with insulating dielectrics: glass-shelled and ceramic-shelled. Both stages generally utilize a structure in which two sets of cylindrical oxygen-free copper rings of varying sizes intersperse each other. Adjacent cylindrical oxygen-free copper rings are located at opposite poles, with equal spacing between them. Vacuum capacitors are generally used in high-voltage environments, and maximum withstand voltage is a core specification.

[0003] The applicant has discovered that there are at least the following technical problems in the prior art: since the existing vacuum capacitor adopts an equidistant structure, the minimum withstand voltage of adjacent cylindrical oxygen-free copper rings gradually increases from the innermost to the outermost side. The spacing between adjacent cylindrical oxygen-free copper rings on the outer side is too large, which wastes a large amount of capacitance, while the spacing between adjacent cylindrical oxygen-free copper rings on the inner side is too small, which greatly reduces the maximum withstand voltage value and wastes the capacitance.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a vacuum capacitor that addresses the technical issues of wasteful capacitance and low maximum withstand voltage in existing vacuum capacitors. The various technical effects achieved by the preferred technical solution among the various technical solutions provided by the present invention are detailed below.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A vacuum capacitor includes a capacitor A electrode and a capacitor B electrode, wherein the capacitor A electrode includes a first ring plate, and the capacitor B electrode includes a second ring plate. All of the first ring plates and all of the second ring plates are concentric and interspersed with each other, and the spacing between every two adjacent first ring plates and second ring plates increases from the outermost to the innermost.

[0008] Preferably, between every two adjacent first ring plates and second ring plates, the radius of the inner surface of the ring plate located relatively outside is R, the radius of the outer surface of the ring plate located relatively inside is r, and the calculated value of rlnR / r is constant.

[0009] Preferably, the capacitor A pole further includes a first connecting plate, and all the first ring plates are connected to the first connecting plate.

[0010] Preferably, the capacitor A pole also includes a connecting tube, one end of which is located inside the space formed by the capacitor A pole and the capacitor B pole and forms the first ring plate at the innermost side of the capacitor A pole, and the other end of the connecting tube passes through the first connecting plate and is connected to the external structure.

[0011] Preferably, the capacitor A pole also includes a connecting tube, a first fixed connecting plate, a bellows and a first movable connecting plate, all of the first ring plates are connected to the first movable connecting plate, the two ends of the bellows are respectively connected to the first movable connecting plate and the first fixed connecting plate, the middle part of the connecting tube is connected to the first movable connecting plate, one end of the connecting tube is located inside the space enclosed by the capacitor A pole and the capacitor B pole and forms the innermost first ring plate of the capacitor A pole, and the other end of the connecting tube passes through the first fixed connecting plate and is connected to the external structure.

[0012] Preferably, the capacitor B pole further includes a second connecting plate, and all the second ring plates are connected to the second connecting plate.

[0013] Preferably, it further includes an insulating shell, which is connected to the capacitor A pole and the capacitor B pole respectively.

[0014] Preferably, the insulating shell is made of high-frequency ceramics or glass.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the vacuum capacitor can utilize the asymmetry of the spatial electric field to adjust the spacing between every two adjacent first ring plates and the second ring plates, so that the spacing between every two adjacent first ring plates and the second ring plates increases from the outermost to the innermost. In this arrangement, the distance between the two cylindrical metal rings with larger radii is closer, the capacitance increases more, and the total capacitance is also improved. In this arrangement, under the premise of maintaining the current capacitor volume unchanged, a vacuum capacitor with larger capacity and higher voltage resistance can be obtained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0017] FIG1 is a front cross-sectional structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] FIG2 is a top cross-sectional structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] FIG3 is a front cross-sectional structural diagram of another embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] In the figure, 1 is the capacitor A pole; 11 is the first ring plate; 12 is the first connecting plate; 13 is the connecting tube; 14 is the first fixed connecting plate; 15 is the bellows; 16 is the first movable connecting plate;

[0021] 2. Capacitor B pole; 21. Second ring plate; 22. Second connecting plate;

[0022] 3. Insulating shell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is apparent that the embodiments described are only a portion of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementations obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "lateral", "length", "width", "height", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "side", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in Figure 1, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0025] It should also be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; and direct or indirect connections through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention depending on the specific circumstances.

[0026] 1 to 3 , the present invention provides a vacuum capacitor including a capacitor A electrode 1 and a capacitor B electrode 2. The capacitor A electrode 1 includes a first ring plate 11, and the capacitor B electrode 2 includes a second ring plate 21. The first ring plate 11 and the second ring plate 21 are preferably cylindrical metal rings, and may further preferably be cylindrical oxygen-free copper rings. All first ring plates 11 and all second ring plates 21 are concentric and interlaced with each other.

[0027] To address the shortcomings of existing vacuum capacitors, the vacuum capacitor of the present invention can utilize the asymmetry of the spatial electric field to adjust the distance between every two adjacent first ring plates 11 and second ring plates 21. The distance between every two adjacent first ring plates 11 and second ring plates 21 increases from the outermost to the innermost.

[0028] With this arrangement, the distance between the two cylindrical metal rings with larger radii is closer, the capacitance increases more, and the total capacitance is also improved. With this arrangement, a vacuum capacitor with larger capacity and higher voltage resistance can be obtained while keeping the current capacitor volume unchanged.

[0029] As an optional implementation manner, the radius of the inner surface of the ring plate located relatively on the outside between every two adjacent first ring plates 11 and the second ring plate 21 is set to R, and the radius of the outer surface of the ring plate located relatively on the inside is set to r. The optimal state in which the spacing between every two adjacent first ring plates 11 and the second ring plates 21 increases from the outermost to the innermost is that the calculated value of rlnR / r composed of R and r is constant. Such an arrangement can make the minimum withstand voltage values ​​of all cylindrical metal rings on the capacitor A pole 1 and the capacitor B pole 2 of the vacuum capacitor the same, eliminating the problem of inconsistent withstand voltages of all adjacent cylindrical metal rings. In this way, the minimum withstand voltage of each pair of cylindrical metal rings is the maximum withstand voltage value of the vacuum capacitor, and the maximum capacity can be achieved under the same withstand voltage value, or the maximum withstand voltage can be achieved under the same capacity, thereby improving the overall withstand voltage of the vacuum capacitor.

[0030] Specifically, any adjacent cylindrical oxygen-free copper ring is selected for calculation. The radius of the inner surface of the cylindrical oxygen-free copper ring located on the outside is R, and the electric field strength on its surface is E. R The radius of the outer surface of the cylindrical oxygen-free copper ring located inside is r, and the electric field strength on its surface is E r ;

[0031] Take any concentric annular surface between the two rings and let the electric field strength passing through the surface be E X According to Gauss's theorem, the electric field intensity passing through the surface is integrated along the surface, and the result is a constant value, so 2πR X E X =2πrE r =2πRE R , and get rE r =RE RThat is, the radius of the outer surface of the inner ring is small and the electric field strength is large, while the radius of the inner surface of the outer ring is large and the electric field strength is small. The maximum electric field strength of all adjacent cylindrical oxygen-free copper rings is on the outer surface of the inner ring. Therefore, through the above design, the problem of inconsistent withstand voltage of all adjacent cylindrical oxygen-free copper rings is eliminated, and the maximum capacity is achieved under the same withstand voltage value, or the maximum withstand voltage is achieved under the same capacity.

[0032] As an optional embodiment, the capacitor A pole 1 further includes a first connecting plate 12, and all the first ring plates 11 are connected to the first connecting plate 12;

[0033] Here, the first connecting plate 12 is preferably a circular oxygen-free metal plate, and one or more cylindrical metal rings are concentrically welded to the oxygen-free metal plate.

[0034] As an optional embodiment, capacitor A pole 1 also includes a connecting tube 13, one end of which is located inside the space enclosed by capacitor A pole 1 and capacitor B pole 2 and forms the innermost first ring plate 11 of capacitor A pole 1, that is, this end of the connecting tube 13 itself can directly become the innermost first ring plate 11, and the other end of the connecting tube 13 passes through the first connecting plate 12 and is connected to an external structure. The external structure, such as a driving structure, can drive capacitor A pole 1 to move relative to each other.

[0035] As an optional embodiment, capacitor A pole 1 also includes a connecting tube 13, a first fixed connecting plate 14, a bellows 15 and a first movable connecting plate 16, all of the first ring plates 11 are connected to the first movable connecting plate 16, the two ends of the bellows 15 are respectively connected to the first movable connecting plate 16 and the first fixed connecting plate 14, the middle part of the connecting tube 13 is connected to the first movable connecting plate 16, one end of the connecting tube 13 is located inside the space enclosed by the capacitor A pole 1 and the capacitor B pole 2 and forms the innermost first ring plate 11 of the capacitor A pole 1, and the other end of the connecting tube 13 passes through the first fixed connecting plate 14 and is connected to the external structure.

[0036] As an optional embodiment, the capacitor B pole 2 further includes a second connecting plate 22, and all the second ring plates 21 are connected to the second connecting plate 22;

[0037] Here, the second connecting plate 22 is preferably a circular oxygen-free metal plate, and one or more cylindrical metal rings are concentrically welded to the oxygen-free metal plate.

[0038] As an optional embodiment, it further includes an insulating shell 3, which is an insulating support structure of the vacuum capacitor and is connected to the capacitor A pole 1 and the capacitor B pole 2 respectively;

[0039] Regarding the connection between the insulating housing 3 and the capacitor B pole 2, it is preferably connected to the outermost second ring plate 21, and the connection here is further preferably a fixed connection, so that the insulating housing 3 and the capacitor B pole 2 are connected together;

[0040] Regarding the connection between the insulating housing 3 and the capacitor A pole 1, it can be preferably movably connected to the outermost first ring plate 11, as shown in the relevant display effect of Figure 1. Under the premise of good sealing, the capacitor A pole 1 can move relative to the insulating housing 3. After the capacitor A pole 1 and the capacitor B pole 2 are respectively manufactured, the insulating housing 3 can be connected to the two, packaged, and then vacuumed and finally sealed.

[0041] It can also be preferably fixedly connected to the first fixed connecting plate, as shown in the relevant display effect of Figure 1. After the capacitor A pole 1 and the capacitor B pole 2 are respectively manufactured, the insulating shell 3 can be connected to the two, packaged, and then vacuumed and finally sealed.

[0042] As an optional implementation, the insulating shell 3 is made of high-frequency ceramics or glass, which has a good insulation effect.

[0043] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A vacuum capacitor, characterized in that: The invention comprises a capacitor A pole (1) and a capacitor B pole (2), wherein the capacitor A pole (1) comprises a first ring plate (11), and the capacitor B pole (2) comprises a second ring plate (21), all the first ring plates (11) and all the second ring plates (21) are concentric and interlaced with each other, and the spacing between every two adjacent first ring plates (11) and second ring plates (21) increases from the outermost side to the innermost side.

2. The vacuum capacitor according to claim 1, wherein Between every two adjacent first ring plates (11) and second ring plates (21), the radius of the inner surface of the ring plate located relatively on the outside is R, the radius of the outer surface of the ring plate located relatively on the inside is r, and the calculated value of rln(R / r) is constant.

3. The vacuum capacitor according to claim 1, wherein The capacitor A pole (1) further comprises a first connecting plate (12), and all the first ring plates (11) are connected to the first connecting plate (12).

4. The vacuum capacitor according to claim 3, wherein: The capacitor A pole (1) further comprises a connecting tube (13), one end of the connecting tube (13) being located inside a space enclosed by the capacitor A pole (1) and the capacitor B pole (2) and forming the first ring plate (11) at the innermost side of the capacitor A pole (1), and the other end of the connecting tube (13) passing through the first connecting plate (12) and being connected to an external structure.

5. The vacuum capacitor according to claim 1, wherein The capacitor A pole (1) further comprises a connecting tube (13), a first fixed connecting plate (14), a bellows (15) and a first movable connecting plate (16); all the first ring plates (11) are connected to the first movable connecting plate (16); the two ends of the bellows (15) are respectively connected to the first movable connecting plate (16) and the first fixed connecting plate (14); the middle of the connecting tube (13) is connected to the first movable connecting plate (16); one end of the connecting tube (13) is located inside the space enclosed by the capacitor A pole (1) and the capacitor B pole (2) and forms the first ring plate (11) on the innermost side of the capacitor A pole (1); the other end of the connecting tube (13) passes through the first fixed connecting plate (14) and is connected to an external structure.

6. The vacuum capacitor according to claim 1, wherein The capacitor B pole (2) further includes a second connecting plate (22), and all the second ring plates (21) are connected to the second connecting plate (22).

7. The vacuum capacitor according to claim 1, wherein It also includes an insulating shell (3), and the insulating shell (3) is connected to the capacitor A pole (1) and the capacitor B pole (2) respectively.

8. The vacuum capacitor according to claim 7, wherein: The insulating shell (3) is made of high-frequency ceramics or glass.

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