Over-the-air indication of sub-band full-duplex resource configuration

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to over-the-air (OTA) indication of sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) resource configuration. An apparatus, such as a UE, obtains a first configuration of a SBFD operation in a serving cell that is provided by a second BS. The UE receives, from the second BS, one or more reference signals associated with OTA indications of one or more resources of the SBFD operation, where at least one resource of the SBFD operation is determinable by the first BS based on an OTA indication that a reference signal was transmitted in the serving cell of the second BS. The UE coordinates use of the at least one resource based on a determination of the at least one resource of the SBFD operation.

Description

OVER-THE-AIR INDICATION OF SUB -BAND FULL-DUPLEX RESOURCE CONFIGURATIONRELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 574,224 filed April 03, 2024 entitled “Over-the-Air Indication of Sub-Band Full-Duplex Resource Configuration,” the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to resource configuration for wireless communications.BACKGROUND

[0003] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, which may be otherwise known as network equipment (NE), supporting wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE), or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers, or the like)). Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G)).

[0004] The wireless communications system may support wireless communications, and may include one or more devices, such as UEs, base stations, network entities, satellites, and / or network equipment (NE), among other devices, that transmit and / or receive signaling. Some wireless communications between devices and / or network equipment may be subject to cross-link interference (CLI), such as between neighboring serving cells, where an uplink (UL) transmission in one serving cell may interfere with a downlink (DL) reception in another serving cell.SUMMARY

[0005] An article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a,” “at least one,” “one or more,” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of’ or “one or more of’ or “one or both of’) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on.” Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.

[0006] A first base station (BS) for wireless communication is described. The BS may be configured to, capable of, or operable to perform one or more operations as described herein. For example, the BS may be configured to, capable of, or operable to obtain a first configuration of a sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) operation in a serving cell that is provided by a second BS. The first BS receives, from the second BS, one or more reference signals associated with over-the-air (OTA) indications of one or more resources of the SBFD operation, where at least one resource of the SBFD operation is determinable by the first BS based on an OTA indication that a reference signal was transmitted in the serving cell of the second BS. The first BS coordinates use of the at least one resource based on a determination of the at least one resource of the SBFD operation.

[0007] A processor (e.g., a standalone processor chipset, or a component of a BS) for wireless communication is described. The processor may be configured to, capable of, or operable to perform one or more operations as described herein. For example, the processor may be configured to, capable of, or operable to obtain, at a first BS, a first configuration of a SBFD operation in a serving cell that is provided by a second BS; receive, from the second BS, one or more reference signals associated with OTA indications of one or more resources of the SBFD operation, where at least one resource of the SBFD operation is determinable by the first BS based on an OTA indication that a reference signal was transmitted in the serving cell of the second BS; andcoordinate use of the at least one resource based on a determination of the at least one resource of the SBFD operation.

[0008] A method performed or performable by a BS for wireless communication is described. The method may include obtaining a first configuration of a SBFD operation in a serving cell that is provided by a second BS; receiving, from the second BS, one or more reference signals associated with OTA indications of one or more resources of the SBFD operation, where at least one resource of the SBFD operation is determinable by the first BS based on an OTA indication that a reference signal was transmitted in the serving cell of the second BS; and coordinating use of the at least one resource based on a determination of the at least one resource of the SBFD operation.

[0009] In some implementations of the BS, the processor, and the method described herein, the first configuration indicates at least one frequency sub-band, and the OTA indication indicates one or more of: whether the at least one frequency sub-band occurs on a time resource in the serving cell; whether any frequency sub-band of the at least one frequency sub-band occurs on the time resource in the serving cell; a parameter of the at least one frequency sub-band; or an integer coefficient for a time period included in the first configuration for the SBFD operation. In some implementations of the BS, the processor, and the method described herein, the at least one frequency sub-band is indicated by one or more of: a frequency range indicated by a start physical resource block (PRB) and at least one of a number of PRBs or an end PRB; the frequency range indicated by a start frequency and at least one of a bandwidth or an end frequency; the bandwidth in units of the PRBs or a mega-hertz (MHz); a center frequency in the units of the PRBs or the MHz; or an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) numerology parameter. In some implementations of the BS, the processor, and the method described herein, the time resource comprises one or more of a symbol, multiple symbols, a slot, one or more symbols in the slot, multiple slots, or one or more slots in the time period. In some implementations of the BS, the processor, and the method described herein, the time resource is indicated as a duration of one or more units of slots, frames, subframes, milliseconds, or seconds.

[0010] In some implementations of the BS, the processor, and the method described herein, a frequency sub-band parameter of the frequency sub-band indicates one or more of: a frequency range indicated by a start PRB and at least one of a number of PRBs or an end PRB; the frequency range indicated by a start frequency and at least one of a bandwidth or an end frequency; thebandwidth in units of the PRBs or a MHz; a center frequency in the units of the PRBs or the MHz; or an OFDM numerology parameter. In some implementations of the BS, the processor, and the method described herein, the time period is indicated as one or more units of slots, frames, subframes, milliseconds, or seconds. In some implementations of the BS, the processor, and the method described herein, the reference signal is at least one of a synchronization signal block (SSB), a non-cell-defining SSB (NCD-SSB), a cell-defining SSB (CD-SSB), or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).

[0011] In some implementations of the BS, the processor, and the method described herein, to obtain the first configuration of the SBFD operation, the BS, the processor, and the method may be configured to, capable of, or operable to at least one of: receive, from the second BS via a first backhaul interface, an information element (IE) comprising the first configuration; receive, via a second backhaul interface, the IE comprising the first configuration from at least one of a core network, a core network function, or an operations, administration, and management (0AM) entity; obtain, via transmission-reception signaling with the second BS, information of the first configuration; or obtain the information of the first configuration from one or more of a pre-configuration or an implementation.

[0012] In some implementations of the BS, the processor, and the method described herein, the BS, the processor, and the method may be configured to, capable of, or operable to obtain a second configuration of the one or more reference signals associated with the OTA indications of the one or more of resources of the SBFD operation; and to obtain the second configuration, at least one of: receive, from the second BS via a first backhaul interface, an IE comprising the second configuration; receive, via a second backhaul interface, the IE comprising the second configuration from at least one of a core network, a core network function, or an 0AM entity; obtain, via transmission-reception signaling with the second BS, information of the second configuration; or obtain the information of the second configuration from one or more of a pre-configuration or an implementation.

[0013] In some implementations of the BS, the processor, and the method described herein, information of the OTA indication is valid for one or more of until an additional OTA indication is detected; one occasion, period, or periodicity; a number of occasions, periods, or periodicities; at least a minimum number of time resources; at most a maximum number of the time resources; or aslong as a condition is satisfied. In some implementations of the BS, the processor, and the method described herein, the BS, the processor, and the method may be configured to, capable of, or operable to use information of the OTA indication to one or more of: determine a beamforming configuration for a communication on a time resource; control a transmission power for the communication on the time resource; perform a link adaptation for the communication occurring on the time resource; or select a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for the communication on the time resource. In some implementations of the BS, the processor, and the method described herein, a resource parameter of the at least one resource indicated by the reference signal comprises one or more of an ID of the resource parameter, a sequence, an indication of the at least one resource, a frequency-domain parameter, a time-domain parameter, a code-domain parameter, or a power parameter.

[0014] A network equipment (NE) for wireless communication is described. The NE may be configured to, capable of, or operable to perform one or more operations as described herein. For example, the NE may be configured to, capable of, or operable to determine a first BS that causes CLI with at least a second BS; and transmit, to the first BS and the at least second BS via at least one backhaul interface, one or more of: a first configuration of a SBFD operation in at least one of a first serving cell that is provided by the first BS or a second serving cell that is provided by the at least second BS; or a second configuration of one or more reference signals associated with OTA indications of one or more resources of the SBFD operation.

[0015] A processor (e.g., a standalone processor chipset, or a component of a NE) for wireless communication is described. The processor may be configured to, capable of, or operable to perform one or more operations as described herein. For example, the processor may be configured to, capable of, or operable to determine a first BS that causes CLI with at least a second BS; and transmit, to the first BS and the at least second BS via at least one backhaul interface, one or more of: a first configuration of a SBFD operation in at least one of a first serving cell that is provided by the first BS or a second serving cell that is provided by the at least second BS; or a second configuration of one or more reference signals associated with OTA indications of one or more resources of the SBFD operation.

[0016] A method performed or performable by an NE (e.g., a base station) for wireless communication is described. The method may include determining a first BS that causes CLI withat least a second BS; and transmitting, to the first BS and the at least second BS via at least one backhaul interface, one or more of: a first configuration of a SBFD operation in at least one of a first serving cell that is provided by the first BS or a second serving cell that is provided by the at least second BS; or a second configuration of one or more reference signals associated with OTA indications of one or more resources of the SBFD operation.

[0017] In some implementations of the NE, the processor, and the method described herein, one or more of the first BS or the at least second BS is identifiable based on one or more of: a geographical proximity of the first BS to the at least second BS; a first indication that the first BS configures a first SBFD operation on the one or more resources; a second indication that the at least second BS configures a second SBFD operation on the one or more resources; or a CLI report received from the at least second BS, the CLI report indicating the CLI with the first BS.BRIEE DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a wireless cell with a UE served by a base station (BS) (e.g., a gNB), in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 3 illustrates an example of sub-band full duplex (SBFD) resource configuration as compared to time division duplexing (TDD) configuration, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 4 illustrates an example of BS-to-BS cross-link interference (CLI) and UE-to-UE CLI, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 5 illustrates an example of reference signals configured in association with SBFD slots, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 6 illustrates an example of reference signals configured, each in association with slots, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 7 illustrates an example of reference signals configured in association with SBFD slots, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 8 illustrates an example of a UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 9 illustrates an example of a processor in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 10 illustrates an example of a network equipment (NE) in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by a BS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by an NE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] A wireless communications system may support wireless communications for one or more devices, such as UEs, base stations, gNBs, NES, network entities, satellites, and / or other devices, supporting wireless communications (e.g., control information, data, packets, etc.). The wireless communication scenarios may include BS-to-BS communications, as well as UE-to-UE communications. However, some wireless communications between UEs and / or NEs may be subject to CLI, such as communication interference between neighboring serving cells. For example, an uplink (UL) transmission in one serving cell may interfere with a downlink (DL) reception in another serving cell.

[0031] In the wireless communications system, time division duplexing (TDD) refers to a communications scheme that splits radio resources among downlink and uplink transmissions in the time domain. At any point in time for a given frequency in a TDD system, a base station can transmit communication signals to one or more UEs (e.g., subscriber devices), or vice versa. In a conventional cellular system that utilizes TDD, patterns of TDD are synchronized and are typically identical so as to avoid CLI. A duplexing enhancement is sub-band full-duplex (SBFD), whereby one or multiple UEs may be configured to transmit uplink signals in a sub-band on downlink symbols, or vice versa. A UE may not be expected to have full-duplex capability on the sub-band,however, the base station (e.g., a gNB) may utilize duplexing enhancements for communications on the sub-band.

[0032] Resource coordination among RAN nodes is conventionally semi-static, partly due to backhaul limitations. However, resource coordination is increasingly important in enhanced duplexing systems, such as for SBFD and dynamic TDD due to CLI. For a SBFD resource configuration, the SBFD period (in terms of slots) can be an integer multiple of the TDD period in a cell, which can provide flexibility for resource configurations. However, unless other cells in the vicinity are informed of the resource configurations, the flexibility may not improve inter-cell resource coordination and CLI management because the other cells should naturally assume the worst-case scenario, for example, assuming that a large number of slots may contain uplink (UL) sub-bands and cause CLI.

[0033] Accordingly, aspects of the disclosure are directed to configuring reference signals, such as a non-cell-defining synchronization signal block (NCD-SSB) or a channel state information reference signal (CSLRS) to indicate resource configurations over-the-air (OTA). Together with semi-static configuration information that can be exchanged over backhaul, the OTA indications provide for a low-overhead, low-latency technique for inter-cell resource coordination and CLI management. For example, by allowing an OTA indication of slots that contain uplink sub-bands, other cells in the vicinity can be informed that other slots are free of CLI and utilize those slots more efficiently.

[0034] In one or more implementations, an NE (e.g., a BS) can configure cell-specific SBFD resource configurations that indicate semi-static parameters, such as sub-band frequency range and guard-bands, as well as dynamic parameters, such as the SBFD period (in units of slots) and a list of SBFD slots. The NE can also configure reference signals (NCD-SSB, CSLRS) associated with the dynamic parameters. The NE can then signal, to other BSs in the vicinity, information of the SBFD configurations, reference signal (RS) configurations, and their associations. For example, the configurations associate transmission of an RS with a slot or slot group being configured as SBFD. The other BSs in the vicinity can receive the RSs and infer the dynamic information (SBFD slots, SBFD period, etc.) based on which RSs are received and / or detected. The BSs can then use this information for resource coordination and CLI management.

[0035] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system. In the wireless communications system, a UE and an NE (e.g., a base station, gNB, network entity, network node) may support wireless communication, including reception and / or transmission of wireless communication using time-frequency resources. For example, the UE and the NE may support communicating signals (e.g., carrying control information, data, or the like). It should be understood that various terms may be used interchangeably with “communicating,” such as “signaling,” “transmitting,” “receiving,” “outputting,” “forwarding,” “relaying,” “retrieving,” “obtaining,” and so forth.

[0036] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more NE 102, one or more UE 104, and a core network (CN) 106. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE- Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a NR network, such as a 5G network, a 5G-Advanced (5G-A) network, or a 5G ultrawideband (5G-UWB) network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G, for example, 6G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), or code division multiple access (CDMA), etc.

[0037] The one or more NE 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the NE 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a network function, a network entity, a network node, network infrastructure, a radio access network (RAN), a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation NodeB (gNB), or other suitable terminology. An NE 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.

[0038] An NE 102 may provide a geographic coverage area for which the NE 102 may support services for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area. For example, an NE 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc.) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, an NE 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network (NTN). In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas may be associated with different NE 102.

[0039] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a subscriber device, a transmitter device, a receiver device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (loT) device, an Internet-of- Everything (loE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.

[0040] A UE 104 may be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.

[0041] An NE 102 may support communications with the CN 106, or with another NE 102, or both. For example, an NE 102 may interface with other NE 102 or the CN 106 through one or more backhaul links (e.g., SI, N2, N6, or other network interface). In some implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other directly. In some other implementations, the NE 102 may communicate with each other indirectly (e.g., via the CN 106). In some implementations, one or more NE 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC). An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs).

[0042] The CN 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC), or a 5G core (5GC), which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management functions (AMF)) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc.) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more NE 102 associated with the CN 106.

[0043] The CN 106 may communicate with a packet data network over one or more backhaul links (e.g., via an SI, N2, N6, or other network interface). The packet data network may include an application server. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN 106 via an NE 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session). The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the CN 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the CN 106).

[0044] In the wireless communications system 100, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers)) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications). In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures). The NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.

[0045] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A firstnumerology (e.g., / r=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., / r=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., / r=l) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., / r=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., / r=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., / r=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.

[0046] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames). Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.

[0047] Additionally, or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., / r=0, jU=l , / r=2, / r=3, / r=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols). In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing), a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., / r=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.

[0048] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz), FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz), FR3 (7.125 GHz - 24.25 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz - 114.25 GHz), FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz - 71 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz - 300 GHz). In some implementations, the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data). In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the NEs 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.

[0049] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies). For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., / r=0), which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., / r=l), which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., / r=2), which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies). For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., / r=2), which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., / r=3), which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.

[0050] According to implementations, one or more of the NEs 102 and the UEs 104 are operable to implement various aspects of the techniques described with reference to the present disclosure. For example, an NE 102 (e.g., a base station) obtains a first configuration of a SBFD operation in a serving cell that is provided by a second BS. The NE 102 receives, from the second BS, one or more reference signals associated with OTA indications of one or more resources of the SBFD operation, where at least one resource of the SBFD operation is determinable by the first BS based on an OTA indication that a reference signal was transmitted in the serving cell of the second BS. The NE 102 coordinates use of the at least one resource based on a determination of the at least one resource of the SBFD operation. In another example, an NE 102 (e.g., a core network entity) determines a first BS that causes CLI with at least a second BS. The NE 102 transmits, to the first BS and the at least second BS via at least one backhaul interface, one or more of: a firstconfiguration of a SBFD operation in at least one of a first serving cell that is provided by the first BS or a second serving cell that is provided by the at least second BS, or a second configuration of one or more reference signals associated with OTA indications of one or more resources of the SBFD operation.

[0051] In aspects of this disclosure, an agreement for candidate gNB-to-gNB co-channel CLI handling schemes is taken into consideration, including gNB-to-gNB co-channel CLI and / or channel measurements; spatial domain based schemes including beam nulling and beam pairing; coordinated scheduling in time and / or frequency; and power control based schemes including gNB transmit (Tx) power control and UE Tx power control. The gNB-to-gNB co-channel CLI and / or channel measurements can be the enablers for some of the described CLI handling schemes.

[0052] In aspects of this disclosure, an agreement for candidate UE-to-UE co-channel CLI handling schemes is taken into consideration, including UE-to-UE co-channel CLI measurement and reporting; coordinated scheduling in time and / or frequency; spatial domain based schemes; and power control based schemes. The UE-to-UE co-channel CLI measurement and reporting can be the enablers for some of the described CLI handling schemes.

[0053] Aspects of this disclosure are directed to over-the-air (OTA) indications of SBFD sub-bands, and are additionally related to agreements on SBFD configurations. An agreement for RRC connected mode UEs, and cell-specific configuration on time and frequency location of SBFD sub-bands is supported within a TDD carrier. Additionally, an agreement for RRC connected mode UEs, and SBFD sub-band time locations are configured within a period. When only one TDD UL / DL pattern is configured, the period can be down-selected based on options, including a first option where the period is the same as a TDD UL / DL pattern period configured by dl- UL- TransmissionPeriodicity in TDD-UL-DL-ConfigCommon, and including a second option where the period is an integer multiple of TDD UL / DL pattern period configured by dl- UL- TransmissionPeriodicity in TDD-UL-DL-ConfigCommon.

[0054] With reference to remote interference management, an atmospheric ducting phenomenon is caused by lower densities at higher altitudes in the Earth's atmosphere, which causes a reduced refractive index, causing signals to bend back towards the Earth. A signal trapped in the atmospheric duct can reach distances far greater than normal. In TDD networks with the sameUL / DL slot configuration, and in the absence of atmospheric ducting, a guard period is used to avoid the interference between UL and DL transmissions in different cells. However, when the atmospheric ducting phenomenon happens, radio signals can travel a relatively long distance, and the propagation delay exceeds the guard period. Consequently, the DL signals of an interfering cell can interfere with the UL signals of an interfered cell that is far away from the interfering cell. Such interference is termed as remote interference, and the further the interfering cell is to the interfered cell, the more UL symbols of the interfered cell will be impacted.

[0055] A remote interference scenario may involve a number of interfered and interfering cells, where the gNBs execute remote interference management (RIM) coordination on behalf of their respective cells. Interfering and interfered gNBs can be grouped into semi-static sets, where each cell is assigned a set ID, and is configured with a RIM reference signal (RIM-RS) and the radio resources associated with the set ID. Each interfering gNB can be configured with multiple set IDs and each interfered gNB can be configured with multiple set IDs, whereas each cell can have at most one interfered set ID and one interfering set ID. Consequently, each gNB can be an interfering gNB and an interfered gNB at the same time.

[0056] To mitigate remote interference, the network enables RIM frameworks for coordination between interfered and interfering gNBs. The coordination communication in RIM frameworks can be wireless- or backhaul-based. The backhaul-based RIM framework uses a combination of wireless and backhaul communication, while in the wireless framework, the communication is purely wireless. In both frameworks, all of the gNBs in an interfered set simultaneously transmit an identical RIM reference signal carrying the interfered set ID over the air. In the wireless framework, upon reception of the RIM reference signal from the interfered set, interfering gNBs undertake RIM measures, and send back a RIM reference signal carrying the interfering set ID. The RIM reference signal sent by the interfering gNB is able to provide information, such as whether the atmospheric ducting phenomenon exists. The interfered gNBs realize the atmospheric ducting phenomenon have ceased upon not receiving any reference signals sent from interfering gNBs.

[0057] In the RIM backhaul framework, upon reception of the RIM reference signal from the interfered set, interfering gNBs undertake RIM measures, and establish backhaul coordination towards the interfered gNB set. The backhaul messages are sent from individual interfering gNBs to an individual interfered gNB, where the signaling is transparent to the core network. The RIMbackhaul messages from interfering to interfered gNBs carry the indication about the detection or disappearance of the RIM reference signal. Based on the indication from the backhaul message, the interfered gNBs can determine whether the atmospheric ducting and the consequent remote interference have ceased. In both frameworks, upon a determination that the atmospheric ducting has disappeared, the interfered gNBs stop transmitting the RIM reference signal.

[0058] With reference to a CLI management framework, when different TDD DL / UL patterns are used between neighboring cells, UL transmission in one cell may interfere with DL reception in another cell, and this is referred to as CLI. To mitigate CLI, gNBs can exchange and coordinate their intended TDD DL-UL configurations over Xn and Fl interfaces, and the interfered UEs can be configured to perform CLI measurements. There are two types of CLI measurements, which include a sounding reference signal (SRS)-reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement in which the UE measures SRS-RSRP over SRS resources of interfering UE(s). The CLI measurements also include a CLI-received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurement in which the UE measures the total received power observed over RSSI resources. Layer 3 filtering applies to CLI measurement results and both event triggered and periodic reporting are supported.

[0059] With reference to CLI measurements, SRS-RSRP is a linear average of the power contributions (in [W]) of the resource elements carrying SRS. The SRS-RSRP is measured over the configured resource elements within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth in the configured measurement time occasions. For frequency range 1, the reference point for the SRS-RSRP is the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, SRS-RSRP is measured based on the combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. For frequency range 1 and 2, if receiver diversity is in use by the UE, the reported SRS-RSRP value shall not be lower than the corresponding SRS-RSRP of any of the individual receiver branches. This is applicable for RRC_CONNECTED intra-frequency. The CLLRSSI is a linear average of the total received power (in [W]) observed only in the configured orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols of the configured measurement time resource(s), in the configured measurement bandwidth from all sources, including co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, etc. For frequency range 1, the reference point for the RSSI is the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, CLLRSSI is measured based on the combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. For frequencyrange 1 and 2, if receiver diversity is in use by the UE, the reported CLI-RSSI value shall not be lower than the corresponding CLI-RSSI of any of the individual receiver branches. This is also applicable for RRC_CONNECTED intra-frequency.

[0060] With reference to inter-UE CLI handling schemes specific for SBFD, methods for inter-UE inter-sub-band CLI measurement include a method#! for an interfered UE measures RSSI within a DL sub-band; a method#2 for an interfered UE measures RSRP of an interfering UE within an UL sub-band; and a method#3 for an interfered UE measures RSSI within an UL sub-band. Note that the restriction (in Rel- 16) that CLI is only measured within a DL BWP does not forbid a UE to measure CLI in an UL sub-band when the UL sub-band is confined within the DL BWP.

[0061] For UE-to-UE CLI-RSSI measurement and report across downlink sub-bands, methods include Alt #1 for separate CLI-RSSI measurement resources and / or reports in each DL sub-band; Alt #2 for CLI-RSSI measure and / or report in one DL sub-band only; and Alt #3 for CLI-RSSI measurement and / or report based on non-contiguous CLI-RSSI resource across downlink subbands. The Alt #1 allows flexible configuration of measurement reporting in one DL sub-band or two DL sub-bands, but consumes multiple CLI-RSSI measurement resources from the UE capability budget. The Alt #2 restricts gNB configuration flexibility and does not account for whether or not the CLI is asymmetric across two DL sub-bands. This method does not consume multiple CLI-RSSI measurement resources from a UE capability point of view. The Alt #3 requires additional specification efforts to support non-contiguous CLI-RSSI resource allocation across downlink subbands. This method is similar to non-contiguous CSLRS resource allocation. A single CLI-RSSI report based on non-contiguous CLI-RSSI resource may be sufficient. This method does not consume multiple CLI-RSSI measurement resources from a UE capability point of view. Note that it does not imply whether LI or L2 based measurement is supported.

[0062] The method #2 and method #3 can be used for identifying the interfering UE(s) if orthogonal resources are allocated for different interfering UE(s). The method #2 and #3 can at least provide higher interference signal strength than inter-sub-band interference leakage based measurements in method #1. Furthermore, such measurement is not subject to inter-cell DL interference. It is feasible for a UE to measure RSRP / RSSI within an UL sub-band if within an active DL BWP and receive DL in DL sub-band(s) simultaneously, similar as with simultaneous RSRP / RSSI measurement and DL reception. The existing CLI measurement and report frameworkcan be reused to support RSRP / RSSI measurements within an UL sub-band when the UL sub-band is confined within an active DL BWP.

[0063] With reference to inter-gNB CLI handling schemes, potential enhancements to dynamic and / or flexible TDD and / or SBFD include a potential enhancement method of gNB-to-gNB CLI handling, including gNB-to-gNB CLI measurement and reporting, coordinated scheduling, spatial domain enhancements, advanced receiver, UE and gNB transmission and reception timing, power control-based solution, potential enhancements to Rel-16 RIM, and / or sensing-based mechanism. Note that whether a particular scheme requires OTA or backhaul information exchange can be identified, and any other schemes for inter-gNB CLI handling are not precluded. RAN 1 deprioritized the discussion on both potential enhancement to Rel- 16 RIM and sensing-based mechanism for gNB-to-gNB co-channel CLI handling, which can be specific for dynamic and / or flexible TDD and / or common for both SBFD and dynamic and / or flexible TDD.

[0064] With reference to gNB-to-gNB co-channel CLI measurement and / or channel measurement, the feasibility and potential benefits of gNB-to-gNB co-channel CLI measurement for gNB-to-gNB CLI handling can be specific for dynamic and / or flexible TDD and / or common for both SBFD and dynamic and / or flexible TDD. This may include measurement resource configuration, measurement details, relevant information exchange, and / or usage of measurement. Also, for gNB-to-gNB co-channel CEI measurement, the potential benefit of uplink resources muting is considered.

[0065] With reference to measurement resource, performance matric, and relevant information exchange, for gNB-to-gNB co-channel CEI measurement, it is considered a baseline to reuse existing DE channel(s), signal(s), and / or measurement resource(s), for example, synchronization signal block (SSB), non-zero power (NZP) or zero power (ZP)-CSLRS, demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), CSI interference measurement (CSLIM), RSSI measurement resource, etc. The beam level (i.e., based on measurement results per SSB resource and / or per CSLRS resource) CLI measurement can be considered. Additionally, RAN 1 assumes that exchange of configuration for NZP CSLRS or SSB can be an enabler for gNB-to-gNB CLI measurement and / or channel measurement.

[0066] With reference to UL resource muting, and for enhancement of gNB-to-gNB co-channel CLI measurement and / or channel measurement, the options for UL resource muting include a first option for a transparent UL resource muting method (e.g., avoid the scheduling on measurement resource), and a second option for a non-transparent UL resource muting method (e.g., define UL resource muting pattern with one or more RE / RB muting patterns). With reference to reception timing misalignment, for gNB-to-gNB co-channel CLI measurement and / or channel measurement, the impact on system performance is studied because of CLI measurement inaccuracy at an interfered gNB due to misalignment between UL timing at the interfered gNB and DL reception timing at the interfered gNB of a CLI measurement resource transmitted from one or more interfering gNBs. The potential impact on UL performance is included.

[0067] With reference to inter-UE CLI handling schemes, enhancements to dynamic and / or flexible TDD and / or SBFD considers the candidates of a potential enhancement method of UE-to- UE CLI handling, including potential enhancements to UE-to-UE CLI measurement and reporting, coordinated scheduling, spatial domain enhancements, advanced receiver, UE and gNB transmission and reception timing, a power control based solution, and a sensing-based mechanism. Note that whether a particular scheme requires OTA or backhaul information exchange can be identified, and any other scheme(s) for UE-to-UE CLI handling are not precluded. Potential enhancements to dynamic and / or flexible TDD and / or SBFD can be utilized, and a sensing-based mechanism (i.e. LBT) and UE side advanced receiver for UE-to-UE co-channel CLI handling can be used, which can be specific for dynamic and / or flexible TDD and / or common for both SBFD and dynamic and / or flexible TDD.

[0068] With reference to UE-to-UE co-channel CLI measurement and reporting, a potential benefit is UE-to-UE co-channel CLI measurement and reporting, which can be specific for dynamic and / or flexible TDD and / or common for both SBFD and dynamic and / or flexible TDD. This can include measurement resource and reporting configuration, measurement and reporting details (including UE processing delay), relevant information exchange (between gNBs) if needed, and measurement use at a gNB. For UE-to-UE co-channel CLI measurement, reusing existing channel(s), signal(s) and / or measurement resource(s) is considered as a baseline. For example, SRS resources for SRS-RSRP measurement, and CLLRSSI resources for CLLRSSI measurement can be considered.

[0069] For UE-to-UE co-channel CLI handling, L1 / L2 based UE-to-UE CLI measurement and reporting is considered. Note that accounting for UE processing and reporting delay, the mechanism of L1 / L2 based CLI measurement and reporting can be provided, and the benefits of L1 / L2 based CLI measurement and reporting compared with existing L3 CLI / CSI measurement and report with evaluation result. Additionally, accounting for information exchange delay between gNBs (if applicable). For the purpose of UE-to-UE CLI mitigation, potential enhancements include L1 / L2 UE-to-UE CLI reporting, periodic, semi-persistent, aperiodic, or event triggered reporting; and for L1 / L2 UE-to-UE CLI measurement, periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic measurement resource. For L1 / L2 based UE-to-UE CLI measurement, SRS-RSRP and CLI-RSSI are considered for baseline metrics. For L1 / L2 based UE-to-UE co-channel CLI measurement, measurement resource for CLI-RSSI measurement and SRS resource for SRS-RSRP measurement can be considered. For L1 / L2 based UE-to-UE co-channel CLI measurement and reporting mechanism, the measurement and report framework can use existing CSI framework as the baseline, but others are not precluded.

[0070] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a wireless cell 200 with a UE served by a base station (BS) (e.g., a gNB), in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In this example, a UE 104 is connected to a base station 102 (e.g., gNB). The base station 102 may be a radio access network (RAN) node operating according to a 4G, 5G, or 6G standard (e.g., a transmission-reception point (TRP), a customer premise equipment (CPE), an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay, or the like. In one or more implementations, the UE 104 is configured with a SBFD resource configuration. With SBFD, a sub-band in the bandwidth of the wireless link is configured to perform a communication in a direction that is different from the direction of communications in the rest of the bandwidth. For example, an UL sub-band on a DL symbol refers to a sub-band within the DL bandwidth that may be used for UL communications.

[0071] Figure 3 illustrates an example 300 of sub-band full duplex (SBFD) resource configuration as compared to time division duplexing (TDD) configuration, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In this example, an UL sub-band within DL resources, at b) SBFD 302, is compared to a conventional TDD configuration, at a) TDD 304. In this example, an UL sub-band may split the bandwidth into two or three sub-bands, such as with one UL sub-band adjacent to one or two DL sub-bands. It should be noted that, in this example, the bandwidth is configured as DL (e.g., via a TDD configuration) and then the UL sub-band splits the bandwidth(e.g., indicated by a SBFD sub-band configuration). However, the remaining DL resources are also referred to as sub-bands in the present disclosure. This terminology allows a more flexible reference to sub-band configurations. For example, the following configurations may be referenced similarly: an UL sub-band configured in a DL bandwidth; two DL sub-bands and an UL sub-band all configured separately; and two DL sub-bands configured in an UL bandwidth.

[0072] Furthermore, a guard-band may be configured explicitly, or determined implicitly, between two adjacent sub-bands, particularly between adjacent sub-bands of different directions (e.g., between a DL sub-band and an UL sub-band). The guard-band may be configured or determined as a number of physical resource blocks (PRBs) on which the UE is expected neither to transmit nor to receive a signal.

[0073] Conventional wireless systems have been known to be half-duplex in nature, i.e., a wireless transceiver may either transmit or receive through a same antenna, one at a time, but not both simultaneously. However, with the advent of advanced duplexing schemes, it can be assumed that either or both the gNB and the UE may employ such schemes to communicate in both DL and UL simultaneously. Advanced duplexing methods such as dynamic and / or flexible TDD and SBFD allow cells in a vicinity to use same resources in time and / or frequency domains for downlink and uplink transmissions. That may lead to CLI among BSs and / or among UEs.

[0074] Figure 4 illustrates an example 400 of BS-to-BS cross-link interference (CLI) and UE- to-UE CLI, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. This example includes BSs 102 and UEs 104, and illustrates different types of CLI, namely BS-to-BS CLI 402 and UE-to-UE CLI 404. The BS-to-BS CLI 402 may result in degradation of the signal quality at a BS 102. Specifically, if a first BS (e.g., BS1) receives an uplink signal from a first UE (e.g., UE1) when a second BS (e.g., BS2) transmits a downlink signal to a second UE (e.g., UE2) on the same resources, the downlink signal may interfere with the uplink signal at the first BS, hence degrading the uplink signal quality. In aspects of the disclosure, some solutions are referred to as coordinated scheduling and beamforming, through which two or more BSs coordinate on the use of resources and / or beams so as to avoid excessive CLI.

[0075] As indicated above, the period of SBFD resource configuration may be identical to that of the TDD resource configuration, for example as indicated by the parameter dl- UL-TransmissionPeriodicity in TDD-UL-DL-ConfigCommon, or the SBFD resource configuration period may be an integer multiple of the TDD resource configuration. A motivation suggested for the latter case is that the network (gNB) may or may not need to configure sub-bands in every TDD period. Hence, the latter case allows more degrees of freedom for resource configurations.

[0076] If the SBFD period is specified as an integer multiple of the TDD period, the additional degrees of freedom for resource configurations can be consequential for inter-cell resource coordination and CLI management. In particular, to take advantage of the flexibility that this option provides, the BS or cell may configure sub-bands in all or some TDD periods, and moreover, the BS or cell may decide to configure a different number of SBFD slots within a period. This information can be conveyed to the UEs via RRC or L1 / L2 signaling at relatively short time scales based on factors such as the instantaneous traffic load, downlink-uplink imbalance, QoS and / or latency requirements, and so on. However, communicating the information to other BSs or cells in the vicinity may not be as fast, especially with current backhaul technologies.

[0077] One approach to address the resulting variable CLI is to assume the worst-case scenario by BSs and / or cells in the vicinity. The BSs and / or cells may assume that SBFD sub-bands are configured in all TDD periods, and the number of the slots comprising SBFD symbols is the maximum possible according to a semi-static resource configuration. However, this approach has an apparent disadvantage, and it may lead to a significant underutilization of resources as the BSs and / or cells may take CLI mitigation actions unnecessarily in scheduling, beamforming, link adaptation, power control, and so on.

[0078] An alternative approach introducing OTA indications of SBFD sub-bands. An OTA indication in this context may be a broadcast signal, such as a reference signal that can be received by or in BSs and / or cells in the vicinity that contains information about the instantaneous SBFD sub-band configurations. This approach reduces the need for dynamic information exchange over the backhaul and, instead, may rely on semi-static information exchange between BSs that is relatively delay-tolerant.

[0079] In one or more implementations, an NE (e.g., BS, gNB, or other network entity) configures an SBFD resource configuration. The configuration may indicate SBFD information such as a sub-band frequency range (e.g., a start PRB and a number of PRBs), and guard-bands andguard periods. The configuration may be cell-specific and signaled to SBFD-aware UEs served by a cell. Furthermore, the same SBFD resource configuration and / or an additional configuration or indication may indicate to UEs additional information such as a SBFD period (e.g., an integer multiple of a TDD configuration period), and a list of slots on which SBFD sub-bands or SBFD symbols are configured.

[0080] For ease of reference, a slot on which SBFD sub-bands or SBFD symbols are configured may be referred to as an SBFD slot. A slot that is not SBFD may be referred to as non-SBFD. In a practical SBFD system, it may be advantageous to fix certain parameters such as a sub-band frequency range and guard-bands over a relatively large timescale, while the BS may choose to change other parameters such as the SBFD period and the list of SBFD slots more dynamically according to instantaneous traffic and / or channel conditions, such as the traffic load, downlinkuplink imbalance, QoS and / or latency requirements, and so on. Therefore, the BS may communicate the semi-static information such as the sub-band frequency range and guard-bands to other BSs in the vicinity over the backhaul (e.g., Xn interfaces), while the BS may communicate the dynamic information such as the SBFD period and the list of SBFD slots OTA.

[0081] In an implementation, the BS configures one or multiple reference signals (RS) for OTA indication of SBFD slots within an SBFD period. A reference signal may be a CD-SSB, NCD-SSB, CSI-RS, or SRS. In a first example, the BS configures N reference signals associated with N slots in an SBFD period that may be configured as SBFD or non-SBFD. Then, if a slot is configured as SBFD, the BS transmits an associated reference signal. Otherwise, if the slot is configured non- SBFD, the BS does not transmit the associated reference signal. Alternatively, the BS may transmit the reference signal as a non-SBFD slot indication and not transmit the reference signal as an SBFD indication.

[0082] Figure 5 illustrates an example 500 of reference signals configured in association with SBFD slots, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In this example, four RSs (e.g., NCD-SSB or CSI-RS) are configured in association with four slots that are configured as potential SBFD slots. Then, transmitting each of the RSs indicates that the associated slot is configured as SBFD. If the slot is not configured as SBFD, it may be determined according to a TDD configuration of the slot (DL, flexible, UL) or assumed DL, flexible, UL according to a default value.

[0083] In another example, the BS configures N reference signals, each associated with M slots in an SBFD period that may be configured as SBFD or non-SBFD. Then, if a group of M slots is configured as SBFD, the BS transmits an associated reference signal. Otherwise, if the group of slots is configured non-SBFD, the BS does not transmit the associated reference signal. Alternatively, the BS may transmit the reference signal as a non-SBFD slot indication and not transmit the reference signal as a SBFD indication.

[0084] Figure 6 illustrates an example 600 of reference signals configured, each in association with slots, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In this example, two RSs are configured, each in association with two slots. Then, transmitting each of the RSs indicates that the associated group of slot is configured as SBFD.

[0085] Figure 7 illustrates an example 700 of reference signals configured in association with SBFD slots, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In this example, the BS configures A reference signals, each indicating a number of SBFD slots. Then, if a number M of slots are configured as SBFD, the BS transmits a reference signal associated with the number M. For example, transmitting a first RS may indicate that two slots are configured as SBFD, while transmitting a second RS may indicate that four slots are configured as SBFD.

[0086] In some examples, the slots indicated as SBFD may be DL-only or flexible slots. The indicated SBFD slots (e.g., in the implementation examples above) may not be contiguous (e.g., skip UL-only slots). In some examples, when two TDD DL / UL configuration patterns are configured (e.g., in SIB), the indicated SBFD slots may be contained within a TDD DL / UL configuration pattern (e.g., UE assumes the indicated SBFD slots are restricted within a TDD DL / UL configuration pattern), and adjusts the number of SBFD slots accordingly (e.g., if the RS is associated with 4 SBFD slots, and the first of the SBFD slots starting 3 DL slots prior to the end of first TDD DL / UL configuration pattern), the UE reduces the number of SBFD slots from 4 to 3.

[0087] In each example, the BS may signal information to other BSs in the vicinity over backhaul, such as Xn interfaces, where the information includes semi-static SBFD resource configuration, reference signal configurations, and / or an association between each reference signal and one or multiple slots in an SBFD period. Then, in response, a BS in the vicinity may perform a measurement on a reference signal in accordance with the information of the reference signalconfiguration and determine whether one or multiple associated slots are configured as SBFD or non-SBFD.

[0088] In one or more implementations, the BS configures reference signals (RS) to indicate an SBFD period and / or the number of SBFD slots within the period. In a first example, if the SBFD period may be 1, 2, or 4 times the TDD period, the BS may configure 3 reference signals indicating that whether the SBFD period is 1, 2, or 4 times the TDD period respectively. Then, if the BS transmits the first RS, it indicates that the SBFD period is identical to the TDD period; if the BS transmits the second RS, it indicates that the SBFD period is 2 times the TDD period; and if the BS transmits the third RS, it indicates that the SBFD period is 4 times the TDD period.

[0089] In a second example, two reference signals are configured to indicate four values of SBFD period as follows: if the first RS is not transmitted and the second RS is not transmitted, then the SBFD period is identical to the TDD period; if the first RS is transmitted and the second RS is not transmitted, then the SBFD period is 2 times the TDD period; if the first RS is not transmitted and the second RS is transmitted, then the SBFD period is 3 times the TDD period; if the first RS is transmitted and the second RS is transmitted, then the SBFD period is 4 times the TDD period. In other examples, instead of multiple RS configurations, each associated with an SBFD parameter, one RS configuration with a variable parameter (for example a sequence or resource mapping parameter) may be used for OTA indication of SBFD information through different values of the variable parameter.

[0090] The phrase ‘dynamic SBFD’ may refer to an SBFD system in which some SBFD parameters may change dynamically, for example through dynamic lower-layer (L1 / L2) indications to the UEs. Dynamic SBFD is expected to provide more flexibility for resource and CLI management. The current WI in Rel-19 does not include dynamic SBFD objectives. However, variations of dynamic SBFD may be specified in future standard releases. Various SBFD parameters may dynamically change in an SBFD system (e.g., configuration of slots (SBFD vs. non-SBFD), configuration of symbols in a slot, the sub-band frequency range, and so on. Such parameters may further be indicated over the air for improving inter-cell resource coordination and CLI management.

[0091] In a first example, a BS configures N reference signals, each associated with a sub-band configuration. Each sub-band configuration may have a different frequency range. Then, if the BS selects a certain sub-band for one or multiple slots, the BS may transmit a reference signal associated with the sub-band. In a second example, multiple RS transmissions may indicate multiple sub-bands, each on a certain slot or group of slots.

[0092] With reference to timing of OTA indications, when a base station in the vicinity detects a reference signal that indicates SBFD information over the air, the duration during which the OTA indication remains valid may be configurable. In general, the OTA indication may be interpreted as semi-persistent or nonpersistent (aperiodic). In a first example, the OTA indication is semi- persistent. In response, the BS detecting an OTA indication assumes that the information remains valid until a later indication is detected. In a second example, the OTA indication is nonpersistent (aperiodic). In response, the BS detecting an OTA indication assumes that the information is valid for one or multiple SBFD periods.

[0093] In some examples, the OTA indication may be associated with an application time. The application time may be the minimum number of slots or symbols between the end of the slot or symbol of the OTA indication and the start of the slot or symbol when the information associated with the indication is valid. The application time may be dependent on the subcarrier spacing of the symbols. The application time may be configured between the base stations in the vicinity over backhaul such as Xn interfaces. In each example, whether the OTA indication is semi-persistent or nonpersistent (aperiodic) may be determined by the standard, an SBFD configuration, an OTA / RS configuration, or an implementation.

[0094] In each example, if the BS does not detect an OTA indication when it expects an OTA indication, it may assume at least one of: a default or fallback specified by the standard or configured by the network (e.g., a default number of SBFD slots and / or a default SBFD period); a worst-case (e.g., maximum) number / set of SBFD slots; a best-case (e.g., minimum) number / set of SBFD slots; and / or an error case, potentially with a behavior by implementation.

[0095] In aspects of the present disclosure, the various techniques described for the example implementations may be permuted. Each configuration may be provided by one or multiple configurations in practice. An earlier configuration may provide a subset of parameters while a laterconfiguration may provide another subset of parameters. Alternatively, a later configuration may override values provided by an earlier configuration or a pre-configuration. A configuration may be provided by an Xn / NG signaling, a radio resource control (RRC) signaling, a medium-access control (MAC) signaling, a physical layer signaling, such as a downlink control information (DCI) message, a combination thereof, or by other techniques. A configuration may include a (pre)configuration or a semi-static configuration provided by the standard, by the vendor, and / or by the network or operator (e.g., OAM). Each parameter value received through a configuration or indication may override previous values for a similar parameter.

[0096] Additionally, L1 / L2 control signaling may refer to control signaling in layer 1 (physical layer) or layer 2 (data link layer). Particularly, an L1 / L2 control signaling may refer to an LI control signaling, such as a DCI message or a UCI message, an L2 control signaling such as a MAC CE message, or a combination thereof. A format and an interpretation of an L1 / L2 control signaling may be determined by the standard, a configuration, other control signaling, or a combination thereof.

[0097] In reference to a message or an information element (IE), and IE referred to in LTE and NR specifications refers to a configuration at layer 3 and higher. An IE may be comprised in a message from one layer to another layer, or from one entity to another entity. Alternatively, an IE may be comprised by another IE. In the present disclosure, the terms IE and message may be used interchangeably when the message comprises the IE directly or indirectly. Any parameter discussed in this disclosure may appear, in practice, as a linear function of that parameter in signaling or specifications.

[0098] In the present disclosure, reference to beam indication may refer to an indication of a reference signal by an ID or indicator, a resource associated with a reference signal, a spatial relation information comprising information of a reference signal or a reciprocal of a reference signal (in the case of beam correspondence). Despite reference to specific types of reference signals, such as CSI-RS, SRS, SSB, or the like, systems and methods are not limited in scope to the specific reference signals. In various implementations, other types of reference signals may be used, which may include reference signals specified for the purposes described in the present disclosure. Further, the terms parameter and value used herein for a parameter may be used interchangeably, and a parameter may be a sequence and / or array of parameters in various implementations.

[0099] Figure 8 illustrates an example of a UE 800 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 800 may include a processor 802, a memory 804, a controller 806, and a transceiver 808. The processor 802, the memory 804, the controller 806, or the transceiver 808, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces.

[0100] The processor 802, the memory 804, the controller 806, or the transceiver 808, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.

[0101] The processor 802 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, the processor 802 may be configured to operate the memory 804. In some other implementations, the memory 804 may be integrated into the processor 802. The processor 802 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 804 to cause the UE 800 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.

[0102] The memory 804 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 804 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 802 cause the UE 800 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 804 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0103] In some implementations, the processor 802 and the memory 804 coupled with the processor 802 may be configured to cause the UE 800 to perform one or more of the functionsdescribed herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 802, instructions stored in the memory 804). For example, the processor 802 may support wireless communication at the UE 800 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.

[0104] The controller 806 may manage input and output signals for the UE 800. The controller 806 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the UE 800. In some implementations, the controller 806 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, WINDOWS®, or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 806 may be implemented as part of the processor 802.

[0105] In some implementations, the UE 800 may include at least one transceiver 808. In some other implementations, the UE 800 may have more than one transceiver 808. The transceiver 808 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 808 may include one or more receiver chains 810, one or more transmitter chains 812, or a combination thereof.

[0106] A receiver chain 810 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 810 may include one or more antennas to receive a signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 810 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA)) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 810 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 810 may include at least one decoder for decoding the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.

[0107] A transmitter chain 812 may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets). The transmitter chain 812 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The transmitter chain 812 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 812 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

[0108] Figure 9 illustrates an example of a processor 900 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 900 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 900 may include a controller 902 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 900 may optionally include at least one memory 904, which may be, for example, an L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 900 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 906. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses).

[0109] The processor 900 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), static RAM (SRAM), ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), magnetic RAM (MRAM), resistive RAM (RRAM), flash memory, phase change memory (PCM), and others).

[0110] The controller 902 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 900 to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 902 may operate as a control unit of the processor 900, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 900. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.

[0111] The controller 902 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 904 and determine subsequent instruction(s) to be executed to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 902 may be configured to track memory addresses of instructions associated with the memory 904.The controller 902 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 902 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 900 to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 902 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 900. The controller 902 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, ALUs 906, and other functional units of the processor 900.

[0112] The memory 904 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 900 or other memory, such as RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 904 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 900). In some other implementations, the memory 904 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 900).

[0113] The memory 904 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 900, cause the processor 900 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 902 and / or the processor 900 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 904 to cause the processor 900 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 900 and / or the controller 902 may be coupled with or to the memory 904, the processor 900, and the controller 902, and may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 900 may include multiple processors and the memory 904 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.

[0114] The one or more ALUs 906 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, the one or more ALUs 906 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900). In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 906 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900). One or more ALUs 906 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 906 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or moreALUs 906 may be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 906 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR), not-OR (NOR), and not-AND (NAND), enabling the one or more ALUs 906 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.

[0115] The processor 900 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 900 may be configured to or operable to support at least one controller (e.g., the controller 902) coupled with at least one memory (e.g., the memory 904) and configured to cause the processor to obtain, at a first BS, a first configuration of a SBFD operation in a serving cell that is provided by a second BS; receive, from the second BS, one or more reference signals associated with OTA indications of one or more resources of the SBFD operation, where at least one resource of the SBFD operation is determinable by the first BS based on an OTA indication that a reference signal was transmitted in the serving cell of the second BS; and coordinate use of the at least one resource based on a determination of the at least one resource of the SBFD operation.

[0116] Additionally, the processor 900 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of the first configuration indicates at least one frequency sub-band, and the OTA indication indicates one or more of: whether the at least one frequency sub-band occurs on a time resource in the serving cell; whether any frequency sub-band of the at least one frequency sub-band occurs on the time resource in the serving cell; a parameter of the at least one frequency sub-band; or an integer coefficient for a time period included in the first configuration for the SBFD operation. The at least one frequency sub-band is indicated by one or more of: a frequency range indicated by a start PRB and at least one of a number of PRBs or an end PRB; the frequency range indicated by a start frequency and at least one of a bandwidth or an end frequency; the bandwidth in units of the PRBs or a MHz; a center frequency in the units of the PRBs or the MHz; or an OFDM numerology parameter. The time resource comprises one or more of a symbol, multiple symbols, a slot, one or more symbols in the slot, multiple slots, or one or more slots in the time period. The time resource is indicated as a duration of one or more units of slots, frames, subframes, milliseconds, or seconds.

[0117] Alternatively or in addition, a frequency sub-band parameter of the frequency sub-band indicates one or more of: a frequency range indicated by a start PRB and at least one of a number ofPRBs or an end PRB; the frequency range indicated by a start frequency and at least one of a bandwidth or an end frequency; the bandwidth in units of the PRBs or a MHz; a center frequency in the units of the PRBs or the MHz; or an OFDM numerology parameter. The time period is indicated as one or more units of slots, frames, subframes, milliseconds, or seconds. The reference signal is at least one of a SSB, a NCD-SSB, a CD-SSB, or a CSI-RS. To obtain the first configuration of the SBFD operation, the at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to at least one of: receive, from the second BS via a first backhaul interface, an IE comprising the first configuration; receive, via a second backhaul interface, the IE comprising the first configuration from at least one of a core network, a core network function, or an OAM entity; obtain, via transmission-reception signaling with the second BS, information of the first configuration; or obtain the information of the first configuration from one or more of a pre-configuration or an implementation. The at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to: obtain a second configuration of the one or more reference signals associated with the OTA indications of the one or more of resources of the SBFD operation; and to obtain the second configuration, at least one of: receive, from the second BS via a first backhaul interface, an IE comprising the second configuration; receive, via a second backhaul interface, the IE comprising the second configuration from at least one of a core network, a core network function, or an OAM entity; obtain, via transmission-reception signaling with the second BS, information of the second configuration; or obtain the information of the second configuration from one or more of a pre-configuration or an implementation.

[0118] Alternatively or in addition, information of the OTA indication is valid for one or more of: until an additional OTA indication is detected; one occasion, period, or periodicity; a number of occasions, periods, or periodicities; at least a minimum number of time resources; at most a maximum number of the time resources; or as long as a condition is satisfied. The at least one controller is configured to cause the processor to use information of the OTA indication to one or more of: determine a beamforming configuration for a communication on a time resource; control a transmission power for the communication on the time resource; perform a link adaptation for the communication occurring on the time resource; or select a MCS for the communication on the time resource. A resource parameter of the at least one resource indicated by the reference signal comprises one or more of an ID of the resource parameter, a sequence, an indication of the at leastone resource, a frequency-domain parameter, a time-domain parameter, a code-domain parameter, or a power parameter.

[0119] Figure 10 illustrates an example of an NE 1000 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The NE 1000 may include a processor 1002, a memory 1004, a controller 1006, and a transceiver 1008. The processor 1002, the memory 1004, the controller 1006, or the transceiver 1008, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. These components may be coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces. As described herein, an NE may include any one or combination of a BS, a gNB, a cell, core network equipment, and / or any other types of devices and network equipment in a wireless communications system.

[0120] The processor 1002, the memory 1004, the controller 1006, or the transceiver 1008, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., circuitry). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.

[0121] The processor 1002 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, the processor 1002 may be configured to operate the memory 1004. In some other implementations, the memory 1004 may be integrated into the processor 1002. The processor 1002 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1004 to cause the NE 1000 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.

[0122] The memory 1004 may include volatile or non-volatile memory. The memory 1004 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions when executed by the processor 1002 cause the NE 1000 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as the memory 1004 or another type of memory. Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program fromone place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0123] In some implementations, the processor 1002 and the memory 1004 coupled with the processor 1002 may be configured to cause the NE 1000 to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1002, instructions stored in the memory 1004). For example, the processor 1002 may support wireless communication at the NE 1000 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The NE 1000 (e.g., a first BS) may be configured to or operable to support a means for obtaining a first configuration of a SBFD operation in a serving cell that is provided by a second BS; receiving, from the second BS, one or more reference signals associated with OTA indications of one or more resources of the SBFD operation, where at least one resource of the SBFD operation is determinable by the first BS based on an OTA indication that a reference signal was transmitted in the serving cell of the second BS; and coordinating use of the at least one resource based on a determination of the at least one resource of the SBFD operation.

[0124] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of the first configuration indicates at least one frequency sub-band, and the OTA indication indicates one or more of: whether the at least one frequency sub-band occurs on a time resource in the serving cell; whether any frequency sub-band of the at least one frequency sub-band occurs on the time resource in the serving cell; a parameter of the at least one frequency sub-band; or an integer coefficient for a time period included in the first configuration for the SBFD operation. The at least one frequency sub-band is indicated by one or more of: a frequency range indicated by a start PRB and at least one of a number of PRBs or an end PRB; the frequency range indicated by a start frequency and at least one of a bandwidth or an end frequency; the bandwidth in units of the PRBs or a MHz; a center frequency in the units of the PRBs or the MHz; or an OFDM numerology parameter. The time resource comprises one or more of a symbol, multiple symbols, a slot, one or more symbols in the slot, multiple slots, or one or more slots in the time period. The time resource is indicated as a duration of one or more units of slots, frames, subframes, milliseconds, or seconds.

[0125] Alternatively or in addition, a frequency sub-band parameter of the frequency sub-band indicates one or more of: a frequency range indicated by a start PRB and at least one of a number of PRBs or an end PRB; the frequency range indicated by a start frequency and at least one of a bandwidth or an end frequency; the bandwidth in units of the PRBs or a MHz; a center frequency inthe units of the PRBs or the MHz; or an OFDM numerology parameter. The time period is indicated as one or more units of slots, frames, subframes, milliseconds, or seconds. The reference signal is at least one of a SSB, a NCD-SSB, a CD-SSB, or a CSI-RS. To obtain the first configuration of the SBFD operation, the method further comprising at least one of: receiving, from the second BS via a first backhaul interface, an IE comprising the first configuration; receiving, via a second backhaul interface, the IE comprising the first configuration from at least one of a core network, a core network function, or an OAM entity; obtaining via transmission-reception signaling with the second BS, information of the first configuration; or obtaining the information of the first configuration from one or more of a pre-configuration or an implementation. The method further comprising: obtaining a second configuration of the one or more reference signals associated with the OTA indications of the one or more of resources of the SBFD operation; and to obtain the second configuration, at least one of: receiving, from the second BS via a first backhaul interface, an IE comprising the second configuration; receiving, via a second backhaul interface, the IE comprising the second configuration from at least one of a core network, a core network function, or an OAM entity; obtaining via transmission-reception signaling with the second BS, information of the second configuration; or obtaining the information of the second configuration from one or more of a pre-configuration or an implementation.

[0126] Alternatively or in addition, information of the OTA indication is valid for one or more of: until an additional OTA indication is detected; one occasion, period, or periodicity; a number of occasions, periods, or periodicities; at least a minimum number of time resources; at most a maximum number of the time resources; or as long as a condition is satisfied. The method further comprising using information of the OTA indication to one or more of: determine a beamforming configuration for a communication on a time resource; control a transmission power for the communication on the time resource; perform a link adaptation for the communication occurring on the time resource; or select a MCS for the communication on the time resource. A resource parameter of the at least one resource indicated by the reference signal comprises one or more of an ID of the resource parameter, a sequence, an indication of the at least one resource, a frequencydomain parameter, a time-domain parameter, a code-domain parameter, or a power parameter.

[0127] Additionally, or alternatively, the NE 1000 may support at least one memory (e.g., the memory 1004) and at least one processor (e.g., the processor 1002) coupled with the at least onememory and configured to cause the NE (e.g., a first BS) to obtain a first configuration of a SBFD operation in a serving cell that is provided by a second BS; receive, from the second BS, one or more reference signals associated with OTA indications of one or more resources of the SBFD operation, where at least one resource of the SBFD operation is determinable by the first BS based on an OTA indication that a reference signal was transmitted in the serving cell of the second BS; and coordinate use of the at least one resource based on a determination of the at least one resource of the SBFD operation.

[0128] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be configured to support any one or combination of the first configuration indicates at least one frequency sub-band, and the OTA indication indicates one or more of: whether the at least one frequency sub-band occurs on a time resource in the serving cell; whether any frequency sub-band of the at least one frequency sub-band occurs on the time resource in the serving cell; a parameter of the at least one frequency sub-band; or an integer coefficient for a time period included in the first configuration for the SBFD operation. The at least one frequency sub-band is indicated by one or more of: a frequency range indicated by a start PRB and at least one of a number of PRBs or an end PRB; the frequency range indicated by a start frequency and at least one of a bandwidth or an end frequency; the bandwidth in units of the PRBs or a MHz; a center frequency in the units of the PRBs or the MHz; or an OFDM numerology parameter. The time resource comprises one or more of a symbol, multiple symbols, a slot, one or more symbols in the slot, multiple slots, or one or more slots in the time period. The time resource is indicated as a duration of one or more units of slots, frames, subframes, milliseconds, or seconds.

[0129] Alternatively or in addition, a frequency sub-band parameter of the frequency sub-band indicates one or more of: a frequency range indicated by a start PRB and at least one of a number of PRBs or an end PRB; the frequency range indicated by a start frequency and at least one of a bandwidth or an end frequency; the bandwidth in units of the PRBs or a MHz; a center frequency in the units of the PRBs or the MHz; or an OFDM numerology parameter. The time period is indicated as one or more units of slots, frames, subframes, milliseconds, or seconds. The reference signal is at least one of a SSB, a NCD-SSB, a CD-SSB, or a CSI-RS. To obtain the first configuration of the SBFD operation, the at least one processor is configured to cause the first BS to at least one of: receive, from the second BS via a first backhaul interface, an IE comprising the first configuration; receive, via a second backhaul interface, the IE comprising the first configuration from at least oneof a core network, a core network function, or an OAM entity; obtain, via transmission-reception signaling with the second BS, information of the first configuration; or obtain the information of the first configuration from one or more of a pre-configuration or an implementation. The at least one processor is configured to cause the first BS to: obtain a second configuration of the one or more reference signals associated with the OTA indications of the one or more of resources of the SBFD operation; and to obtain the second configuration, at least one of: receive, from the second BS via a first backhaul interface, an IE comprising the second configuration; receive, via a second backhaul interface, the IE comprising the second configuration from at least one of a core network, a core network function, or an OAM entity; obtain, via transmission-reception signaling with the second BS, information of the second configuration; or obtain the information of the second configuration from one or more of a pre-configuration or an implementation.

[0130] Alternatively or in addition, information of the OTA indication is valid for one or more of: until an additional OTA indication is detected; one occasion, period, or periodicity; a number of occasions, periods, or periodicities; at least a minimum number of time resources; at most a maximum number of the time resources; or as long as a condition is satisfied. The at least one processor is configured to cause the first BS to use information of the OTA indication to one or more of: determine a beamforming configuration for a communication on a time resource; control a transmission power for the communication on the time resource; perform a link adaptation for the communication occurring on the time resource; or select a MCS for the communication on the time resource. A resource parameter of the at least one resource indicated by the reference signal comprises one or more of an ID of the resource parameter, a sequence, an indication of the at least one resource, a frequency-domain parameter, a time-domain parameter, a code-domain parameter, or a power parameter.

[0131] In another example, the processor 1002 may support wireless communication at the NE 1000 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The NE 1000 (e.g., a core network entity) may be configured to or operable as a core network entity to support a means for determining a first BS that causes CLI with at least a second BS; and transmitting, to the first BS and the at least second BS via at least one backhaul interface, one or more of: a first configuration of a SBFD operation in at least one of a first serving cell that is provided by the first BS or a second servingcell that is provided by the at least second BS; or a second configuration of one or more reference signals associated with OTA indications of one or more resources of the SBFD operation.

[0132] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be configured to or operable to support any one or combination of one or more of the first BS or the at least second BS is identifiable based on one or more of: a geographical proximity of the first BS to the at least second BS; a first indication that the first BS configures a first SBFD operation on the one or more resources; a second indication that the at least second BS configures a second SBFD operation on the one or more resources; or a CEI report received from the at least second BS, the CEI report indicating the CEI with the first BS.

[0133] Additionally, or alternatively, the NE 1000 may support at least one memory (e.g., the memory 1004) and at least one processor (e.g., the processor 1002) coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the NE (e.g., a core network entity) to determine a first BS that causes CLI with at least a second BS; and transmit, to the first BS and the at least second BS via at least one backhaul interface, one or more of: a first configuration of a SBFD operation in at least one of a first serving cell that is provided by the first BS or a second serving cell that is provided by the at least second BS; or a second configuration of one or more reference signals associated with OTA indications of one or more resources of the SBFD operation.

[0134] Additionally, the NE 1000 may be configured to support any one or combination of one or more of the first BS or the at least second BS is identifiable based on one or more of: a geographical proximity of the first BS to the at least second BS; a first indication that the first BS configures a first SBFD operation on the one or more resources; a second indication that the at least second BS configures a second SBFD operation on the one or more resources; or a CLI report received from the at least second BS, the CLI report indicating the CLI with the first BS.

[0135] The controller 1006 may manage input and output signals for the NE 1000. The controller 1006 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the NE 1000. In some implementations, the controller 1006 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, WINDOWS®, or other operating systems. In some implementations, the controller 1006 may be implemented as part of the processor 1002.

[0136] In some implementations, the NE 1000 may include at least one transceiver 1008. In some other implementations, the NE 1000 may have more than one transceiver 1008. Thetransceiver 1008 may represent a wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1008 may include one or more receiver chains 1010, one or more transmitter chains 1012, or a combination thereof.

[0137] A receiver chain 1010 may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receiver chain 1010 may include one or more antennas to receive a signal over the air or wireless medium. The receiver chain 1010 may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA)) configured to amplify the received signal. The receiver chain 1010 may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receiver chain 1010 may include at least one decoder for decoding the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.

[0138] A transmitter chain 1012 may be configured to generate and transmit signals(e.g., control information, data, packets). The transmitter chain 1012 may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The transmitter chain 1012 may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmitter chain 1012 may also include one or more antennas for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

[0139] Figure 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1100 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by a BS as described herein. In some implementations, the BS may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the BS to perform the described functions. It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.

[0140] At 1102, the method may include obtaining a first configuration of a SBFD operation in a serving cell that is provided by a second BS. The operations of 1102 may be performed inaccordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1102 may be performed by a BS as described with reference to Figure 10.

[0141] At 1104, the method may include receiving, from the second BS, one or more reference signals associated with OTA indications of one or more resources of the SBFD operation, where at least one resource of the SBFD operation is determinable by the first BS based on an OTA indication that a reference signal was transmitted in the serving cell of the second BS. The operations of 1104 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1104 may be performed by a BS as described with reference to Figure 10.

[0142] At 1106, the method may include coordinating use of the at least one resource based on a determination of the at least one resource of the SBFD operation. The operations of 1106 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1106 may be performed a BS as described with reference to Figure 10.

[0143] Figure 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1200 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method may be implemented by an NE as described herein. In some implementations, the NE may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the NE to perform the described functions. It should be noted that the method described herein describes a possible implementation, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible.

[0144] At 1202, the method may include determining a first BS that causes CLI with at least a second BS. The operations of 1202 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1202 may be performed by an NE as described with reference to Figure 10.

[0145] At 1204, the method may include transmitting, to the first BS and the at least second BS via at least one backhaul interface, one or more of: a first configuration of a SBFD operation in at least one of a first serving cell that is provided by the first BS or a second serving cell that is provided by the at least second BS; or a second configuration of one or more reference signals associated with OTA indications of one or more resources of the SBFD operation. The operations of 1204 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations,aspects of the operations of 1204 may be performed by an NE as described with reference to Figure 10.

[0146] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A first base station (BS) for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and operable to cause the first BS to: obtain a first configuration of a sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) operation in a serving cell that is provided by a second BS; receive, from the second BS, one or more reference signals associated with over-the-air (OTA) indications of one or more resources of the SBFD operation, wherein at least one resource of the SBFD operation is determinable by the first BS based at least in part on an OTA indication that a reference signal was transmitted in the serving cell of the second BS; and coordinate use of the at least one resource based at least in part on a determination of the at least one resource of the SBFD operation.

2. The first BS of claim 1, wherein the first configuration indicates at least one frequency sub-band, and the OTA indication indicates one or more of: whether the at least one frequency sub-band occurs on a time resource in the serving cell; whether any frequency sub-band of the at least one frequency sub-band occurs on the time resource in the serving cell; a parameter of the at least one frequency sub-band; or an integer coefficient for a time period included in the first configuration for the SBFD operation.

3. The first BS of claim 2, wherein the at least one frequency sub-band is indicated by one or more of: a frequency range indicated by a start physical resource block (PRB) and at least one of a number of PRBs or an end PRB; the frequency range indicated by a start frequency and at least one of a bandwidth or an end frequency; the bandwidth in units of the PRBs or a mega-hertz (MHz); a center frequency in the units of the PRBs or the MHz; or an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) numerology parameter.

4. The first BS of claim 2, wherein the time resource comprises one or more of a symbol, multiple symbols, a slot, one or more symbols in the slot, multiple slots, or one or more slots in the time period.

5. The first BS of claim 2, wherein the time resource is indicated as a duration of one or more units of slots, frames, subframes, milliseconds, or seconds.

6. The first BS of claim 2, wherein a frequency sub-band parameter of the frequency sub-band indicates one or more of: a frequency range indicated by a start physical resource block (PRB) and at least one of a number of PRBs or an end PRB; the frequency range indicated by a start frequency and at least one of a bandwidth or an end frequency; the bandwidth in units of the PRBs or a mega-hertz (MHz); a center frequency in the units of the PRBs or the MHz; or an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) numerology parameter.

7. The first BS of claim 2, wherein the time period is indicated as one or more units of slots, frames, subframes, milliseconds, or seconds.

8. The first BS of claim 1, wherein the reference signal is at least one of a synchronization signal block (SSB), a non-cell-defining SSB (NCD-SSB), a cell-defining SSB (CD-SSB), or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).

9. The first BS of claim 1, wherein, to obtain the first configuration of the SBFD operation, the at least one processor is operable to cause the first BS to at least one of: receive, from the second BS via a first backhaul interface, an information element (IE) comprising the first configuration; receive, via a second backhaul interface, the IE comprising the first configuration from at least one of a core network, a core network function, or an operations, administration, and management (OAM) entity; obtain, via transmission-reception signaling with the second BS, information of the first configuration; or obtain the information of the first configuration from one or more of a pre-configuration or an implementation.

10. The first BS of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is operable to cause the first BS to: obtain a second configuration of the one or more reference signals associated with the OTA indications of the one or more of resources of the SBFD operation; and to obtain the second configuration, at least one of: receive, from the second BS via a first backhaul interface, an information element (IE) comprising the second configuration; receive, via a second backhaul interface, the IE comprising the second configuration from at least one of a core network, a core network function, or an operations, administration, and management (OAM) entity; obtain, via transmission-reception signaling with the second BS, information of the second configuration; or obtain the information of the second configuration from one or more of a pre-configuration or an implementation.

11. The first BS of claim 1, wherein information of the OTA indication is valid for one or more of: until an additional OTA indication is detected; one occasion, period, or periodicity; a number of occasions, periods, or periodicities; at least a minimum number of time resources; at most a maximum number of the time resources; or as long as a condition is satisfied.

12. The first BS of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is operable to cause the first BS to use information of the OTA indication to one or more of: determine a beamforming configuration for a communication on a time resource; control a transmission power for the communication on the time resource; perform a link adaptation for the communication occurring on the time resource; or select a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for the communication on the time resource.

13. The first BS of claim 1, wherein a resource parameter of the at least one resource indicated by the reference signal comprises one or more of an identifier (ID) of the resource parameter, a sequence, an indication of the at least one resource, a frequency-domain parameter, a time-domain parameter, a code-domain parameter, or a power parameter.

14. A method performed by a first base station (BS), the method comprising: obtaining a first configuration of a sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) operation in a serving cell that is provided by a second BS; receiving, from the second BS, one or more reference signals associated with over- the-air (OTA) indications of one or more resources of the SBFD operation, wherein at least one resource of the SBFD operation is determinable by the first BS based at least in part on an OTA indication that a reference signal was transmitted in the serving cell of the second BS; and coordinating use of the at least one resource based at least in part on a determination of the at least one resource of the SBFD operation.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first configuration indicates at least one frequency sub-band, and the OTA indication indicates one or more of: whether the at least one frequency sub-band occurs on a time resource in the serving cell; whether any frequency sub-band of the at least one frequency sub-band occurs on the time resource in the serving cell; a parameter of the at least one frequency sub-band; or an integer coefficient for a time period included in the first configuration for the SBFD operation.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the at least one frequency sub-band is indicated by one or more of: a frequency range indicated by a start physical resource block (PRB) and at least one of a number of PRBs or an end PRB; the frequency range indicated by a start frequency and at least one of a bandwidth or an end frequency; the bandwidth in units of the PRBs or a mega-hertz (MHz); a center frequency in the units of the PRBs or the MHz; or an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) numerology parameter.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the time resource comprises one or more of a symbol, multiple symbols, a slot, one or more symbols in the slot, multiple slots, or one or more slots in the time period.

18. A network equipment (NE) for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and operable to cause the NE to: determine a first base station (BS) that causes cross-link interference (CLI) with at least a second BS; and transmit, to the first BS and the at least second BS via at least one backhaul interface, one or more of: a first configuration of a sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) operation in at least one of a first serving cell that is provided by the first BS or a second serving cell that is provided by the at least second BS; or a second configuration of one or more reference signals associated with over-the-air (OTA) indications of one or more resources of the SBFD operation.

19. The NE of claim 18, wherein one or more of the first BS or the at least second BS is identifiable based at least in part on one or more of: a geographical proximity of the first BS to the at least second BS; a first indication that the first BS configures a first SBFD operation on the one or more resources; a second indication that the at least second BS configures a second SBFD operation on the one or more resources; or a CEI report received from the at least second BS, the CEI report indicating the CEI with the first BS.

20. A method performed by a network equipment (NE), the method comprising: determining a first base station (BS) that causes cross-link interference (CLI) with at least a second BS; and transmitting, to the first BS and the at least second BS via at least one backhaul interface, one or more of: a first configuration of a sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) operation in at least one of a first serving cell that is provided by the first BS or a second serving cell that is provided by the at least second BS; or a second configuration of one or more reference signals associated with over-the-air (OTA) indications of one or more resources of the SBFD operation.

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