Device and method for processing animal residues

Abstract

The invention relates to a system (1) for utilising biological residues, in particular animal residues (10), having a supply device (2), by means of which the residues can be supplied to the system, a cleaning device for cleaning the residues, a heating device (4) for heating the residues (10), and a first comminuting device (8) for comminuting the residues (10), which comminuting device is arranged in a transport device of the residues (10) downstream of the heating device, characterised in that a first transport device (6) is provided between the heating device (4) and the comminuting device (8), which first transport device is suitable and intended for transporting the residues (10) from the heating device (4) to the comminuting device (8), wherein said transport device (6) is preferably designed in such a way that it also brings about compression of the residues (10) in addition to the transport of the residues (10).

Description

[0001] Device and method for processing animal remains

[0002] Description

[0003] The present invention relates to a device or a system and a method for utilizing biological products, in particular animal remains, hereinafter referred to as "remains." It is known from the prior art that many processes for producing animal food products, particularly seafood, generate a significant amount of animal remains. However, these remains often represent material that could be reused, for example, as animal feed.

[0004] The present invention is described with reference to shrimp. However, it should be noted that the invention can also be applied to other animal remains, particularly marine animals such as fish, crayfish, crabs, lobsters, and the like.

[0005] DE 10 2021 101 934 A1 describes a method and device for the utilization of animal by-products. AT 27 60 43 B describes a continuously operating extraction system for obtaining defatted natural products, preferably protein. BE 599 596 A discloses a method for defatting animal substances. ZA 99 07 706 B discloses a method for preparing fish gelatin.

[0006] US Pat. No. 8,067,194 B2 describes a hydrolysis process for raw materials from the fish industry. WO 2000 010403 A2 discloses a process for extracting proteins from plant material.

[0007] EP 2 999 350 discloses an automated process and system for obtaining protein powder meal, omega-3 oil, and purified distilled water from animal tissue. A first mixture of animal tissue and an organic solvent is provided and then fed into a single, unified filter-dryer reaction vessel. There, it is stirred and heated to an elevated temperature. A liquid portion of the mixture, containing the organic solvent, is then withdrawn from the reaction vessel to obtain the purified distilled water and omega-3 oil. The organic solvent is recycled to the vessel and reheated to obtain the protein powder meal from the retained solids.

[0008] EP 3 148 348 A1 discloses a method for improving the drying of salmon silage with concentrated acid during the production of a protein supplement for animal feed. The stored salmon silage is treated continuously and sequentially through steps of cooking, separating, concentrating, drying, cooling, grinding, adding an antioxidant, and packaging. EP 4 007 499 describes a protein hydrolysate obtainable from bluefish. Also included is a method comprising providing a protein source, grinding this protein source, adjusting the pH, incorporating an enzyme, heating, separating, and drying.

[0009] WO 2005 115 176 A1 discloses a process for producing a hydrolyzed marine protein product comprising the following steps: homogenization of by-products from fish and other marine industrial sources; controlled hydrolysis of these proteins and / or separation of nitrous oxide from the processing of marine raw materials; ultrafiltration to provide a clarified marine protein hydrolysate; nanofiltration of the clarified UF permeate to remove monovalent ions, biogenic amines, and water; drying the NF permeate and the UF concentrate separately or a combination thereof by spraying, vacuum, or another drying method.

[0010] EP 3 810 160 A1 discloses an enzymatic hydrolysis process for producing a fish protein hydrolysate powder, comprising the steps of: mixing ground by-products of fish protein material with water and heating; adding the endopeptidase enzyme to the mixture and stirring; adding the exopeptidase enzyme in the form of carboxypeptidase to the mixture and stirring; stopping the enzymatic hydrolysis by heat inactivation; separating the fish hydrolysate fraction and the remaining solid material by filtration and finally concentrating and drying the fish hydrolysate fraction to obtain a fish protein hydrolysate powder.

[0011] EP 3 078 227 A1 discloses a process for producing insect powder, wherein insects and insect remains are dried with hot air in a range between 100°C and 180°C and then ground into a powdery form. CN 101 181 080 A describes a process for extracting crust elements, fats, and protein powder from shrimp and crustaceans. The animals are boiled in water at a temperature of 100°C to 105°C for 20 to 90 minutes and then cooled to 45-50°C. The broth is then filtered to obtain clean shrimp and crustacean shells, which are then soaked in an acidic solution for 12 to 32 hours. The solution is neutralized by adding alkali or alkali solutions and is filtered, washed, and dried. The filtered liquid contains protein and fat. The fat is separated by centrifugation.The remaining liquid is a protein solution, which is concentrated and spray-dried to produce protein powder.

[0012] CN 106 031 400 A discloses a process for producing protein powder by solid-phase fermentation of Antarctic krill powder and soybean meal, comprising mixing solid soybean meal with Antarctic krill powder, preparing a solid fermentation base, mixing in a nutritional supplement solution, preparing a solid fermentation medium, and inoculating Bacillus for solid-phase fermentation. After solid-phase fermentation, the fermented product is dried, pulverized, and encapsulated to obtain protein powder. CN 100 475 972 A describes a process for producing crab peptide protein powder, characterized by using various fresh crab heads as raw material, adding mixed enzymes, and hydrothermal enzyme lysis after comminution and sterilization, followed by the addition of starch, drying, and comminution.The mixed enzyme is a compound enzyme mainly composed of protease and acid cellulase, the ratio of protease to acid cellulase is 7:3, and the two enzymes together account for more than 90% of the total amount of the mixed enzyme, and the rest is chitina.

[0013] CA 1 326 397 provides a process for producing a protein-containing material. The process comprises the first step of coarsely grinding fish carcasses, including bones and / or shells from which the entrails have been removed, optionally together with heads and / or skins. Three further steps can then be carried out, namely (1) fermenting the coarsely ground fish carcasses with an enzyme and / or a microorganism, inactivating the enzyme and / or microorganism, and then finely grinding the fermented material to obtain a particle size of the bones and / or shells of 100 μm or less; or (2) finely grinding the coarsely ground fish carcasses to obtain a particle size of the bones and / or shells of 100 μm or less.

[0014] WO 2023 141 733 A describes a process for producing crustacean meal which involves the processing of shrimp residues from a fishery and comprises the following steps: accumulation of the shells which accrue during the day in the shrimp production plants; storage of the shells, exoskeletons, legs, antennae and heads in isothermal containers with a capacity of 1.5 m3, which are loaded with up to 280 kg for shrimp and up to 350 kg for crabs, whereby the cold chain is maintained; transport of the raw material with a forklift truck to a 10 m3 receiving hopper into which the containers are emptied and then lifting the load with the aid of a continuous screw to the inlet of the expeller screw press in order to press the raw material;After the pressing process, a reddish liquid stream (RIL) is obtained, which is disposed of in the sewer system, and a press cake, which enters a second receiving hopper, which transports it by means of a continuous screw to a hammer mill where it is wet ground;

[0015] CN 104 686 779 A1 belongs to the technical field of food processing and, in particular, discloses a cost-effective production process for shrimp protein peptide. CN 103392900 provides a process for producing crab protein powder by crab hydrolysis. The process comprises the following steps: drying and crushing shrimp at low temperature for storage for later use; soaking the shrimp powder in water; adding trypsin and papain in a suitable ratio; conducting enzymolysis for 3 to 5 hours at a temperature below 40 degrees Celsius; centrifuging an enzymatic hydrolysate after completion of the enzymolysis.

[0016] CN 115 039 827 A1 relates to the technical field of processing by-products of aquatic products, in particular to a process for separating calcium-containing protein powder from shrimp residues, comprising the following steps: S1, soaking the shrimp residues in a mixed solution of 90% or more high-concentration ethanol (containing lactic acid) for 72-120 hours; S2, sieving the shrimp residues soaked in step S1 with a 20-mesh sieve and collecting the calcium-containing protein slurry; and S3, adjusting the pH of the protein slurry to 6-7 and freeze-drying to obtain the calcium-containing protein powder.

[0017] CN 103 156 049 A1 discloses a process for extracting protein and chitin by fermenting shrimp heads and shrimp shells.

[0018] The present invention is based on the objective of enabling the most efficient utilization of such animal remains. In addition, the energy- and / or resource-efficient operation of such a facility is to be achieved. Furthermore, a facility is to be provided that can be operated with fewer personnel.

[0019] This object is achieved according to the invention by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0020] A plant according to the invention for the utilization of biological residues, in particular animal residues, comprises a feed device by means of which the residues can be fed to the plant. This feed device preferably comprises a transport device for transporting the residues.

[0021] The system further comprises a cleaning device for cleaning the residues and a heating device for heating the residues. This heating device is preferably arranged downstream of the cleaning device in a transport direction of the residues. Sterilization of the residues is preferably possible by means of the heating device. The heating device preferably enables at least temporary cooking of the residues. The system further comprises a first comminution device for comminution of the residues, which is arranged downstream of the heating device in a transport direction of the residues.

[0022] According to the invention, a first transport device is arranged between the heating device and the comminution device, which is suitable and intended for transporting the residues from the heating device to the comminution device. This transport device is preferably designed such that, in addition to transporting the residues, it also compresses them.

[0023] The applicant has discovered that comminution of the residues can be simplified by compressing them. Furthermore, compression can achieve initial dewatering of the residues.

[0024] The present invention is further directed to a plant for the utilization of biological residues, in particular animal residues, comprising a feed device by means of which the residues can be fed to the plant, a cleaning device for cleaning the residues, and a heating device for cleaning the residues. Furthermore, a first comminution device for comminution of the residues is provided, which is arranged downstream of the heating device in a transport direction of the residues.

[0025] The system preferably comprises at least one energy converter device suitable and intended for converting a first energy form into a second energy form, wherein the first energy form is selected from a group of energy forms including solar energy, wind energy, or chemical energy. The second energy form is preferably used to operate at least one device of the system.

[0026] Such systems are typically very large-scale installations, meaning they require very large areas. This is particularly suitable for the installation of photovoltaic systems, for example, on building roofs, but also for solar thermal systems or wind turbines. This takes advantage of the fact that there is a great deal of solar and wind energy available.

[0027] In addition, such facilities usually also have a large amount of biological waste available, on the one hand the animal remains mentioned, but on the other hand also a large amount of biological waste such as grass straw or bushes.

[0028] Particularly preferably, the system comprises a selection device that allows the electrically operated components of the system to be supplied with both electrical energy converted from solar energy and from a power grid. This allows continuous operation of the system, even when, for example, less solar energy is available.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the second energy form is selected from a group of energy forms that includes electrical energy, wind energy, chemical energy, and thermal energy. For example, the electrical energy can originate from the operation of a photovoltaic system, and the chemical energy can originate from generated fuels, such as methane, ethanol, ethane, or hydrogen. The thermal energy can originate, in particular, from the operation of a solar thermal system. This can, for example, be the energy from a heated liquid, in particular from heated water.

[0030] The aspects described here are based on the consideration that the facility operated here relies on relatively few substances or forms of energy. These include, on the one hand, the aforementioned animal remains, and, on the other, water, which is used for heating or evaporation, for example. Electrical energy is also required.

[0031] In a further preferred embodiment, the system comprises at least one generator that converts kinetic energy into electrical energy. In a further preferred embodiment, the device comprises at least one rectifier device that rectifies alternating current to direct current. In addition, the system preferably also comprises at least one inverter device that converts direct current to alternating current.

[0032] In a further preferred embodiment, the energy conversion device is selected from a group of energy conversion devices that includes photovoltaic systems, solar thermal systems, wind turbines, and biomass utilization systems. Particularly preferably, several of these system types are present. For example, photovoltaic systems can be located on the roofs of buildings of the system, and one or more solar thermal systems can be located in particular in the area of ​​an evaporator. Wind turbines can, for example, be arranged in various areas of the system. In a further preferred embodiment, the energy conversion device is a photovoltaic system, and this photovoltaic system has a cooling device, in particular a cooling device operated with a liquid, in particular with water.

[0033] This aspect is based on the consideration that in many cases, photovoltaic systems require cooling anyway, since, for example, the semiconductor elements in such photovoltaic systems typically operate less efficiently at very high temperatures. It is proposed to use water for cooling. This, in turn, is based on the fact that there is already a demand for heated water. In this way, the photovoltaic system acts as a heat exchanger, which also serves to heat water (while simultaneously cooling the photovoltaic system).

[0034] For example, it is possible to mount numerous photovoltaic systems on the roofs of the facility, which are in turn cooled by water. The water, in turn, will heat up considerably due to the cooling of the photovoltaic system and can be fed, for example, to an evaporator unit, which is preferably a component of the facility. This creates special synergy effects.

[0035] In a further advantageous embodiment, the photovoltaic system comprises a plurality of photovoltaic modules. Particularly preferably, alignment devices are provided that allow movement and / or alignment of these photovoltaic modules. In particular, the photovoltaic modules can be aligned according to the position of the sun. These alignment devices preferably comprise drives, in particular electric, pneumatic, and / or hydraulic drives. In addition, these alignment units preferably comprise sensor devices for detecting incident sunlight.

[0036] Particularly preferred are sensor devices that determine the power output of the photovoltaic system. This information can also be used to control the entire system.

[0037] In a further preferred embodiment, the system comprises a plurality of electric motor drive devices, and preferably these electric motor drive devices are at least partially designed as DC motors, or at least some of these motors are designed as DC motors. This design eliminates the need for an inverter, which is often a complex component of photovoltaic systems and is usually also one of the main wear parts.

[0038] In a further preferred embodiment, the system has at least one energy storage device which is suitable and intended to store the electrical energy provided by the at least one energy converter device.

[0039] Particularly preferably, these can be electrical storage devices and in particular batteries. In a particularly preferred embodiment, this can be an energy storage device or a rechargeable battery that was used in an electric vehicle before the system described here was used. It is known in the prior art that the rechargeable batteries used in electric vehicles lose part of their capacity or charging capacity after a certain period of time. Nevertheless, such batteries can still be used for a very long time in systems such as the present one, since they can be charged there in a much more gentle manner. Such an application is particularly advantageous for poorer countries.

[0040] In a further preferred embodiment, the plant comprises a biomass utilization unit which is suitable and intended to generate electrical energy and / or fuels using biomass.

[0041] Such systems are well known in the art. They are particularly well-suited for the present application because, as mentioned above, a relatively large proportion of biomass is available. Especially when the animal residues mentioned here are mixed with other products such as straw, grass, etc., a very efficient biomass is produced, which is particularly suitable for gasification.

[0042] The system preferably comprises at least one, preferably a plurality of, mowing or grass-cutting devices, which can, for example, continuously cut and collect grass at the operating location of the system. These can preferably also be automatic devices, such as, in particular, robotic mowers, which automatically collect biomass.

[0043] In a further embodiment, the plant comprises a mixing plant which is suitable and intended for mixing such biological waste as grass or straw with the said animal remains.

[0044] In a further preferred embodiment, the system has a plurality of transport devices for transporting the residues and these transport devices each have an electric motor drive device.

[0045] In a further advantageous embodiment, the system comprises at least one water heating device. Water heated by at least one energy conversion device can be fed to this water heating device. This application is particularly suitable in the presence of solar thermal systems. These can also be used to heat water, and this water, or highly heated water, can in turn be fed to an evaporator unit.

[0046] In this case, the energy used for actual evaporation is comparatively low, since the water already arrives at a high temperature. The heated water may, as mentioned, come from the solar thermal system, but the water could also come from the cooling system of a photovoltaic system.

[0047] In a further aspect of the present invention, the plant for the utilization of biological residues, in particular animal residues, comprises a feed device by means of which the residues can be fed to the plant, as well as a cleaning device for cleaning the residues. Furthermore, a heating device for heating the residues and a first comminution device for comminution of the residues are provided, wherein this comminution device is arranged downstream of the heating device in a transport direction of the residues.

[0048] According to the invention, the system has a central control device which is suitable and intended to control the cleaning device, the heating device and preferably also the first comminution device and / or the drying device in a coordinated manner at least temporarily.

[0049] In the prior art, such systems typically comprise units or devices arranged in series but operating independently of one another. In reality, however, the individual system components can influence each other, and thus, for example, the result of a comminution or drying process can be influenced by a preceding heating process.

[0050] In addition, certain sub-processes can also influence subsequent processes

[0051] The object of this invention is therefore to propose a procedure which enables higher-level control, whereby in particular operating parameters or results of a device of this system can also be used to control other parts of the system.

[0052] If, for example, it is determined that the residues already have a lower moisture content than usual before reaching the drying device, energy can be saved in the drying device in order to achieve the same drying effect.

[0053] In addition, if defects are detected in a specific system component, it can be concluded that a corresponding defect is present in an upstream system component. For example, if the shredding unit requires a greater drive torque when shredding the residue, this can indicate that a certain amount of foreign matter is still present in the residue stream. Furthermore, defects in the heating or cooking process can be inferred.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the system comprises a plurality of sensor devices which are suitable and intended to detect environmental values, wherein these measured values ​​or values ​​derived therefrom can preferably be fed to the central control device.

[0055] This design takes into account that environmental parameters such as humidity or temperature can also affect various process steps, such as cleaning or drying the residues. This should preferably be taken into account in the control system. Therefore, the control of the system and / or its components can be improved based on these environmental parameters.

[0056] Particularly preferably, the ambient values ​​are selected from a group of ambient values ​​that includes temperature values, pressure values, humidity values, contaminants such as particulate matter levels, air composition, the intensity of solar radiation, and the like. These values ​​can have a significant impact on units of the system and / or, for example, the cleaning or drying process.

[0057] In a further advantageous embodiment, the system comprises a plurality of second sensor devices, which are suitable and intended to record measured values ​​characteristic of the product to be processed in the system and / or the product to be produced by the system. These measured values ​​can preferably also be transmitted to the central control device. This aspect is based on the idea that certain characteristics of the product can affect both the treatment of the product during the further course of the process and the quality of the input product. If, for example, it is determined that the moisture content of the residues after the first comminution device is comparatively high, the subsequent drying device can be adjusted to achieve a higher degree of drying.

[0058] If, for example, it is determined that the finished product, such as meat and bone meal, still has an excessively high moisture content, adjustments can also be made to the drying device or, for example, to one of the transport devices. For example, the entire process upstream of a second shredding device producing meat and bone meal could be slowed down.

[0059] Preferably, the measured values ​​characteristic of the product to be processed in the plant, i.e. the residues and / or the products to be produced in the plant, are selected from a group of measured values ​​which includes a temperature of the product and / or the residues, a water content of the product and / or the residues, a moisture content of the product and / or the residues, a density of the product and / or the residues, a compression state of the product and / or the residues, a foreign body content of the product and / or the residues, and the like.

[0060] Preferably, a plurality of such values ​​are recorded. Particularly preferably, these values ​​are recorded at multiple points in the system, for example, before the drying unit, after the drying unit, before a comminution unit, after a comminution unit, before feeding into a second comminution device, after passing through the second comminution device, and the like.

[0061] In addition, physical properties of the residues before and after centrifugation can be determined, such as oil content, etc. In addition, values ​​characteristic of the centrifugation process can be recorded, such as the rotational speed of the centrifuge or the drive torque of a centrifuge motor.

[0062] By recording and determining these measured values, continuous quality control can be performed. These measured values ​​can also be used to identify potential system errors or faulty process steps, for example. Preferably, both the ambient values ​​and the second measured values ​​are used to control the system.

[0063] In a further embodiment, the device has a plurality of third sensor devices which are suitable and intended to each detect at least one measured variable characteristic of a drive device of the device.

[0064] Particularly preferably, these third sensor devices are suitable and intended for their measured values ​​or values ​​derived therefrom to be fed to the central control device.

[0065] Particularly preferably, the measured variables characteristic of the drive device of the devices are selected from a group of measured variables which includes a rotational position of a drive device, a (momentary) torque of a drive device, a temperature of a drive device, a voltage and / or a current or the like. This aspect is based on the idea that conclusions about the processing process can also be drawn from the measured values ​​characteristic of the drive variables. If, for example, a higher torque occurs in the first comminution device, this can be an indication that the residues have a very high viscosity. The same applies if an increased torque occurs in one of the transport devices.

[0066] If, for example, a torque drops suddenly, this may indicate that too little or no residue is being conveyed by the corresponding transport equipment. This may indicate a product blockage occurring upstream.

[0067] At the same time, it may be the case that certain measured values ​​can be used to determine the state of wear of the respective device, for example the state of wear of a screw conveyor or the impending wear of a corresponding drive device.

[0068] In addition to the measured values ​​for the drive systems, other measured values ​​characteristic of system components can also be recorded, such as the temperature inside a drying system or temperatures or moisture content in the heating system. In addition, measured values ​​characteristic of the degree of contamination of individual system components can also be recorded.

[0069] For example, an image recording device can be used to observe the interior of the drying facility and draw conclusions about contamination, particularly on system components.

[0070] Particularly preferably, the control device also controls the system taking these values ​​into account. Furthermore, the control device can adjust individual system sections and their components based on such measured values.

[0071] Particularly preferably, the central control device is a control device which is suitable and intended to control individual devices of the system or several devices of the system taking into account recorded measured values.

[0072] Particularly preferably, the control and regulation device is suitable and intended to derive information from measured first, second, or third measured variables that is or are characteristic of wear or a system condition of system components. In a further preferred embodiment, the control device uses artificial intelligence (K1) to control the system.

[0073] In a further preferred method, control and / or regulation and / or maintenance of the system and / or removal of residues takes place as a function of a, in particular trainable, machine learning system control model, which comprises a set of, in particular trainable, parameters set to values ​​learned as a result of a training process, wherein the training process is based on a set of training data. The training data preferably comprises at least one variable characteristic of a position of the foreign bodies relative to the residues, in particular a geometric position or shape of the foreign bodies, as well as a variable characteristic of the respective removal process (such as controlling the transport speed of a transport device or applying saturated steam to the heating device).In addition, the training data also includes measured values ​​from the various sensor devices, i.e. in particular ambient measured values, measured values ​​which are characteristic of the residues and / or the product and / or measured values ​​which are characteristic of the individual devices of the system, i.e. in particular measured values ​​which are characteristic of the drive devices of the individual devices.

[0074] The machine learning plant control model is preferably based on an (artificial) neural network. The neural network is preferably designed as a deep neural network (DNN), in which the parameterizable processing chain has a plurality of processing layers, and / or a convolutional neural network (CNN) and / or a recurrent neural network (RNN).

[0075] Preferably, the data (to be processed), in particular motor torques, rotational positions, temperatures, environmental parameters (or data derived therefrom), which were preferably recorded by the sensor device(s) and / or determined within the framework of the method for controlling the system described above, are fed to the system control model or the (artificial) neural network as input variables. Preferably, the system control model or the artificial neural network maps the input variables to output variables depending on a parameterizable processing chain.

[0076] Preferably, at least one manipulated variable for controlling and / or regulating the system or individual processes, such as the drying process or the heating process, is selected as the output variable.

[0077] Preferably, at least one manipulated variable for controlling and / or regulating the respective processes, such as the drying process or the heating process, is selected as output variables for the individual devices of the system, in particular the drying device and / or the heating device.

[0078] Preferably, the machine learning plant control model is / was trained using predefined training data, whereby the parameterizable processing chain is parameterized through the training.

[0079] In a preferred method, training data from devices such as the drying device (or its sensor devices), the sensor devices that record values ​​characteristic of the residues or the product, or the sensor devices that record measured values ​​characteristic of environmental values ​​are used in the training process of the plant control model.

[0080] Furthermore, as mentioned above, drive sizes of the individual drive motors can also be included.

[0081] It is also conceivable to use training data based on various (preferably identical) product variables, such as humidity or temperature values. This offers the advantage of generating a large amount of training data in a short time, allowing any malfunctions in the system and its equipment to be detected.

[0082] Preferably, the acquired sensor data intended for use as training data are provided with (residue) type characteristics (e.g., color or composition of the residues, material of the residues, physical properties of the residues such as density) and / or classification characteristics (e.g., a specified target density value that indicates whether the respective size, particularly depending on the type of residue, is sufficient to fulfill the control function). In addition, such type characteristics can also include the date of a delivery of the residues or environmental measurements characteristic of the delivery.

[0083] Preferably, the acquired sensor data, together with the respective associated drives or devices and / or characteristics and / or classification features characteristic of a residue composition (color additives, additives, residue material), are stored and / or used as a training data set (in particular on a non-volatile storage device). Preferably, a plurality of training data sets is generated in this way.

[0084] By varying the drive or device variables, in particular the torques or transport speeds on the heating and / or drying device and the correlation to the sensor data and / or the measured values, it is theoretically possible to determine a correlation between the drive values ​​and / or other values ​​such as heating and the respective values ​​for the individual devices of the apparatus such as the drying device and the heating device.

[0085] Preferably, a neural network trained in this way is used (as a plant control model). Training is preferably carried out using supervised learning. However, it would also be possible to train the plant control model or artificial neural network using unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, or stochastic learning.

[0086] Additionally or alternatively, it is possible for the training data to comprise at least one variable characteristic of a current state of a drying device or a heating device or another device of the system.

[0087] Preferably, the (to be processed) data, in particular a recorded current state of the heating device, the cooling device or the drying device or a comminution device, preferably at least one recorded current state of the heating device, the cooling device or the drying device or a comminution device and particularly preferably at least one recorded current state for each device (or data characteristic thereof or derived therefrom), which were preferably determined by the heating device, the cooling device or the drying device or a comminution device, are supplied to the plant control model or the (artificial) neural network as input variables.

[0088] Preferably, the plant control model or the artificial neural network maps the input variables to output variables depending on a parameterizable processing chain. Variables characteristic of a current state can be required manipulated variables and / or control variables (within the scope of a closed-loop control). Preferably, at least one state variable and / or a variable characteristic of maintenance and / or a fault condition of the heating device, the cooling device, the drying device, or a comminution device is selected as the output variable.

[0089] Preferably, at least one state variable and / or a variable characteristic of maintenance and / or a fault condition and / or failure probability of the device in question are selected as the output variable for the heating device, the cooling device or the drying device or a comminution device.

[0090] Preferably, the plant control model of machine learning is / was trained using predefined training data, whereby the parameterizable processing chain is parameterized through the training.

[0091] In a preferred method, training data is used in the training process of the plant control model, which includes historically recorded data, in particular for limit values ​​and / or states, limit values ​​for repeated achievement of limit values ​​and / or states, limit values ​​for a temporal change and / or a rate of change of values ​​characterizing the current state, statistical limit values ​​and / or states of the above-mentioned devices that are different from the drying device (and / or the heating device) (but preferably of identical construction). This offers the advantage that a large amount of training data can be generated in a short time and any malfunctions of the drying device or the heating device or the individual transport device can be detected.

[0092] Preferably, the training data comprise, as a classification feature, the information as to whether the state corresponds to (fault-free) normal operation and / or whether a malfunction exists and / or whether a (progressive) ageing state of the drying device (or its components) and / or the heating device and / or the transport devices exists.

[0093] Preferably, the plant control model is suitable and intended to detect deviations and / or anomalies and / or patterns (in the training data) which indicate a fault condition and / or malfunctions and / or (advanced) aging of elements of the above-mentioned devices and / or a maintenance requirement of the above-mentioned devices (such as in particular the drying device or the heating device).

[0094] Preferably, the plant control model outputs a probability value (as output variable) that is characteristic of the input variables.

[0095] In a further preferred embodiment, the system has a storage device by means of which measured values ​​recorded by sensor devices can be stored.

[0096] Preferably, the control device and in particular the storage device are suitable and intended for storing these measured values ​​with a temporal assignment and / or a time stamp. For example, the drive torques of all drive devices can be stored, in particular together, at a specific point in time. Preferably, the storage device is suitable and intended for the long-term storage of such measured values. This enables an analysis of the system process. Particularly preferably, the system can be controlled based on these stored measured values.

[0097] For example, a current long-term recording of measured values ​​can provide information about how different product margins of animal remains behave. Such long-term storage can also be used to determine the wear and tear of individual plant components. Furthermore, it is also possible to use such sensor data to determine the probability of future failure of individual plant components.

[0098] Furthermore, based on this data storage, it is possible, for example, to deduce a fault in a downstream system from a fault in an upstream device. For example, increased drive effort for a shredding device can be used to determine an excessively high proportion of foreign matter in the residual stream.

[0099] The same applies if, for example, a high moisture content is detected upstream of the drying device. This could indicate, for example, faults in the heating device or one of the upstream transport systems.

[0100] Furthermore, it is possible for the storage device to communicate with a higher-level database, which, for example, stores corresponding comparison data from other or comparable machines. Storing this large number of values ​​can also be used for system control.

[0101] Particularly preferably, images captured of the residual flow can also be stored and evaluated by an image recording device. The storage device is preferably also suitable and intended for storing such images and, particularly preferably, for assigning such images to specific values ​​detected by sensor devices.

[0102] In a further preferred embodiment, the system has an assignment device which assigns a measured value recorded by a specific sensor device to measured values ​​from another sensor device. For example, a value for the moisture content of the residues before the drying device can be assigned to a measured value for the moisture content after the drying device. In this way, the efficiency of the drying device can be determined and, if necessary, adjusted accordingly. For example, the moisture content of the residues to be fed to the drying device can be determined, and based on the transport speed, it can be calculated when these residues leave the drying device, and at this time the moisture content of the residues can be determined again.

[0103] In a further embodiment, the system has a display device with which a plurality of values ​​characteristic of the operation of the system can be output.

[0104] For example, this display device can represent the entire system with all its components and, for example, indicate the status of specific parts of the system. Furthermore, these display devices can also output operating values ​​or measured values, for example, to monitor temperatures in a drying system or the moisture content of the residues.

[0105] Furthermore, it would also be possible for the display to indicate the charge levels of batteries or the device's electrical storage devices. In addition, values ​​from any solar modules, for example, could also be displayed. Temperatures or other ambient values ​​could also be displayed.

[0106] Otherwise, the display device is preferably a display. Particularly preferably, the display device is a touchscreen, which also serves as an operating unit. For example, a machine operator can touch and select a system component on the display device and make adjustments to it, such as increasing the rotational speed of a drive motor or increasing (or decreasing) heating output, or similar.

[0107] It is preferred that the display device and / or the control and / or regulating devices communicate with the individual system components, for example, with drives. This communication can be either wired or wireless.

[0108] Preferably, the display device can also be used to control or check the energy management of the system.

[0109] In addition, there may also be portable control terminals that the user can take with them and which communicate with the central control unit in order to control individual system components and / or devices.

[0110] The present invention is further directed to a plant for the utilization of biological residues, in particular animal residues, comprising a feed device by means of which the residues can be fed to the plant and a cleaning device for cleaning the residues. Furthermore, a heating device for heating the residues is provided, as well as a first comminution device for comminution of the residues, which is arranged downstream of the heating device in a transport direction of the residues.

[0111] Furthermore, the system has at least one transport device and preferably several transport devices for transporting the residues.

[0112] According to the invention, the system comprises a detection device which is suitable and intended to detect foreign bodies present in the residues, and at least one discharge device which is suitable and intended to discharge at least a portion of these foreign bodies from the product flow of the residues and / or the residues.

[0113] The detection of foreign bodies is understood here in particular to mean that such residues or foreign bodies are observed and / or classified and / or identified and / or located. Preferably, this detection of foreign bodies is carried out contactlessly.

[0114] This idea is based on the problem that, in the current state of the art, the residues often contain a wide variety of foreign matter, such as plastic residues, metal residues, metal particles, glass fragments, and the like. These residues are usually removed manually, which is a very laborious process.

[0115] This aspect of the invention is therefore based on the object of achieving automation of the removal of foreign bodies from the residues.

[0116] The foreign bodies are particularly preferably solid bodies, for example, metal parts, pieces of paper or cardboard, plastic parts, screws, plastic containers, glass, broken glass, and the like. However, the residues can also be flexible elements such as films, lid closures, and the like.

[0117] Such residues, due to their composition, have a very critical impact on the plant and the final product. For example, such residues can cause significant damage to components such as shredding equipment and transport systems. Furthermore, such residues, paper scraps, or even plastic residues, can also significantly impair the manufactured product, i.e., the meat and bone meal. This product can, as a result, contain a very high proportion of pollutants due to the residues.

[0118] In a preferred embodiment, the system has a receiving device for receiving the foreign bodies.

[0119] In a further advantageous embodiment, the system has a transport device for transporting discharged foreign bodies.

[0120] In a further preferred embodiment, the system comprises a distribution device for the preferably even distribution of the residues, in particular on a transport surface and / or a transport device. During production, the projects often arrive on the transport device in bundles or piles. This complicates the identification or detection of foreign bodies. The distribution device therefore serves to distribute the residues over a larger area on the transport device, so that the height of a residue layer is also lower and foreign bodies can thus be more easily identified. Such distribution also facilitates image acquisition and image analysis of the residues.

[0121] Particularly preferably, the distribution device comprises a distribution element arranged above a transport device, such as a rake, a spatula, or the like. In addition, the distribution device may also comprise a broom-like element. The distribution device preferably causes a width of a transport stream of the residues to be increased (in particular in a direction perpendicular to the transport direction). The image recording device preferably records spatially resolved images and in particular color images, but optionally also image sequences and / or videos of the residues, and in particular of the residues during transport.

[0122] Particularly preferably, the discharge device is suitable and intended for discharging foreign bodies during the transport of the residues. However, discharge during a standstill of the residues would also be possible. In a further preferred embodiment, the system has an evaluation device that evaluates images captured by the detection device, in particular to determine at least one value characteristic of a foreign body. For example, a foreign body can be identified within the residue stream.

[0123] Preferably, this value is selected from a group of values ​​that includes the outline of the foreign body, the physical density of the foreign body, the position of the foreign body within the residual stream, and the like. It is possible to characterize the foreign body with respect to its type, for example, as a screw or a container closure. In this way, the potential hazard posed by this foreign body to the system or the product being manufactured can also be assessed.

[0124] It would also be possible for a user to be given information, such as warnings regarding the foreign body.

[0125] In a further preferred embodiment, the detection device and / or the evaluation device are suitable and intended to record and / or evaluate the characteristic value with the aid of artificial intelligence. This artificial intelligence is preferably based on a plurality of images showing one or more foreign bodies. The artificial intelligence is preferably trained using these numerous images.

[0126] However, the artificial intelligence can be further improved during ongoing operation. This allows for improved detection of foreign bodies and the corresponding control of the rejection device to reject these foreign bodies.

[0127] Preferably, the rejection device is also controllable with regard to its efficiency. Thus, the rejection device can be controlled in such a way that it always rejects an identified foreign body, while accepting that a comparatively high proportion of residues is also rejected (and thus wasted).

[0128] Conversely, the rejection device can be controlled to reject a small proportion of residues, but the reliability of the foreign body rejection decreases. This control can be based on the nature of the foreign bodies being rejected. For example, for certain foreign bodies, such as large screws, unconditional rejection can be selected (since these can damage system components), while for less critical residues, such as pieces of paper or cardboard, the proportion of residues not rejected can be reduced (since such foreign bodies neither interfere with the continued operation of the system nor are completely unacceptable for the final product).

[0129] The evaluation device is preferably based on an image evaluation model and / or uses an image evaluation model. The machine learning image evaluation model is preferably based on an (artificial) neural network. The neural network is preferably designed as a deep neural network (DNN), in which the parameterizable processing chain has a plurality of processing layers, and / or a so-called convolutional neural network (CNN) and / or a recurrent neural network (RNN). The data (to be processed), in particular the spatially resolved images (or data derived therefrom), in particular the residues containing foreign bodies, are preferably fed to the image evaluation model or the (artificial) neural network as input variables. The image evaluation model orthe artificial neural network converts the input variables into output variables depending on a parameterizable processing chain, wherein the density variable and / or the distance variable and / or a variable characteristic of a geometric outline, in particular of the individual foreign bodies, are preferably selected as the output variable.

[0130] Preferably, the image analysis machine learning model is / was trained using predefined training data, whereby the training parameterizes the parameterizable processing chain.

[0131] In a preferred method, training data comprising a plurality of spatially resolved images (of residues containing foreign bodies) acquired by the at least one image acquisition device are used in the training process of the image analysis model. This offers the advantage that the training process is already specifically tailored to the inspection device and / or image acquisition device used and / or to be used, and thus, for example, specific conditions of the specific inspection device or acquisition device, such as optical properties of the image acquisition device or specific lighting conditions in the inspection device and / or image acquisition device, can be directly taken into account.

[0132] Preferably, the spatially resolved images intended for use as training data (recorded by the at least one image recording device) are provided with (foreign body) type and / or classification features.

[0133] Preferably, the spatially resolved images, together with the respective foreign body types and / or characteristics and / or classification features associated with them (dye additives, materials, in particular components influencing sorting), are stored and / or used as a training data set (in particular on a and / or the non-volatile storage device). Preferably, a plurality of training data sets is generated in this way.

[0134] The classification features can preferably be the material of the foreign bodies, a transparency of the foreign bodies, geometric outlines of the foreign bodies, a position of the foreign bodies within the remains, reflective properties of the foreign bodies, or a size of the foreign bodies.

[0135] By using a machine learning image analysis model, it is achieved that an optimal (complex) combination of different features and / or reference areas (in the training process) as well as features (or feature combinations) adapted to a wide variety of different foreign bodies is identified or determined for data processing.

[0136] This offers the advantage that, when evaluating the at least one spatially resolved image using the trained image analysis model, the characteristic variables for the type of foreign body, the material of the foreign body, the geometric outlines of the foreign body, and the position of the foreign body within the residue can be determined with high precision. Preferably, at least one or the transport device is designed as a conveyor belt or conveyor screw. Preferably, a motorized drive device is provided that drives this transport and / or the conveyor screw. This is preferably a servomotor.

[0137] A conveyor belt is particularly well-suited for detecting and removing foreign bodies. This is because the residues are typically transported over a large area on a conveyor belt, making it comparatively easy to detect foreign bodies using an image capture device.

[0138] Preferably, the detection device comprises an illumination device for illuminating the residues (and also the foreign bodies) transported by the transport device. This illumination device can provide uniform illumination, which facilitates the detection of foreign bodies. This ensures that the residues (and also the foreign bodies) are always illuminated in the same way.

[0139] This illumination device preferably comprises a plurality of light sources, in particular LEDs. These are preferably white LEDs. It is also possible for the illumination device to emit light in different wavelength ranges. For example, illumination with UV light and / or infrared light would also be conceivable for detecting certain residues.

[0140] In addition, it is possible for the illumination device to emit directed radiation onto the residues. In a further preferred embodiment, the power device emits diffuse radiation onto the residues.

[0141] Particularly preferred is the upright method of measurement, ie the illumination device illuminates the transported residues and the image recording device records an image of the thus illuminated residues.

[0142] However, it would also be possible to use several different types of lighting and image capture to more easily identify different foreign bodies depending on their type. For example, a first type of lighting could be used for a first type of foreign body, such as paper and cardboard, and a second type of lighting for a second type of foreign body, such as metal parts.

[0143] In a further preferred embodiment, the system comprises a position-determining device that is suitable and intended to determine the position of a foreign body detected by the detection device at a second time after this first detection time. Preferably, the dispensing device is controllable taking this second time into account.

[0144] This means that the detection device detects a foreign body at a specific position X0 at a specific time t0. In particular, taking into account the transport speed, it is possible to determine the position X1 of the foreign body at a time t0 + t. The rejection device can be controlled according to this value. In the case of a constant transport speed v, the following would apply to position X1: X1 = X0 + v(t1-t0)

[0145] Particularly preferably, a transport speed of the transport device is taken into account to determine the second position and / or the second time. Particularly preferably, the residues are conveyed in a straight line at the time the foreign body is detected and / or at the time the foreign body is discharged. Particularly preferably, the residue flow is conveyed at a constant speed.

[0146] Preferably, a processor device is provided which can determine a transport path of the foreign body after its detection. This transport path preferably runs essentially in a straight line.

[0147] The diversion device can also be activated at the right time, taking this transport path into account.

[0148] In a further advantageous embodiment, the diversion device is selected from a group of diversion devices, which include gripping devices for gripping foreign bodies, robots with gripping devices for gripping foreign bodies, pneumatic devices for blowing out foreign bodies from a residual flow,

[0149] Pushing devices for pushing out foreign bodies from a residual stream, falling devices which cause foreign bodies to fall from a residual stream, diverting plates for diverting foreign bodies from a falling residual stream, ejecting elements for ejecting foreign bodies from a residual stream and the like.

[0150] Furthermore, it is also possible to provide several different rejection devices which are suitable for rejecting different types of residues, for example a first rejection device for rejecting metal parts and a second rejection device for rejecting cardboard parts.

[0151] The gripping devices can be gripping devices that can grip the solid body in isolation. It would also be conceivable for the gripping devices to grip not only the foreign body itself, but also small amounts of residues located around the foreign body. A gripping body or gripping element is understood to be an element that actually mechanically holds or grips the foreign body. However, the gripping element can also be a scoop-like element that effectively scoops the foreign body out of the residual flow.

[0152] Preferably, these gripping devices can be controlled taking into account the current position of the foreign body.

[0153] The pneumatic or hydraulic devices can include elements that blow the foreign bodies, possibly along with any residue, out of the flow. Such dramatic devices can be located, for example, at the end of a conveyor, where the residue is transferred to another conveyor or facility. Such blow-out devices can also be located in an area where the residue is in free fall.

[0154] It is preferred that the "blowing out" be done with (compressed) air, although removal using a water jet is also conceivable. The pushing devices can be rollers, sliding plates, or similar devices designed to push a portion of the residues off the conveyor belt laterally or transversely to the transport direction. Such devices are also referred to in the art as pushers. These pushing devices can be driven, for example, pneumatically or by means of a linear motor, or even hydraulically.

[0155] It is conceivable that the sliding device could operate in both directions, meaning it could expel foreign bodies both in a forward movement and in the opposite direction during a backward movement. This way, both directions of movement can be used to expel foreign bodies.

[0156] With the drop devices described above, the transport means can be briefly interrupted to open a gap through which residues (and with them the foreign bodies) can fall. For example, two transport devices can be provided, with a subsequent transport device being briefly shifted or raised so that a certain portion of the transported material falls directly from the first receiving device.

[0157] In addition, a transport device can also have a plurality of transport rollers, some of which can be temporarily folded away. This allows foreign objects, possibly with a certain amount of residue, to be excluded.

[0158] Furthermore, the discharge can be achieved by briefly holding plates or other guide elements in a residual flow, thus allowing the discharge of foreign bodies. For example, the residues can be in free fall, and such a discharge element can discharge these residues (with the foreign body contained within) at an angle.

[0159] The aforementioned centrifugal elements can, for example, be centrifugal elements such as blade elements, which briefly engage the residual stream and, like a blade, expel foreign bodies from the residual stream together with the surrounding residue. It is possible for several such blade elements to be arranged on a common carrier wheel.

[0160] In a further preferred embodiment, the detection device comprises the X-ray radiation device and an X-ray radiation detector device.

[0161] In this case, at least one X-ray image of the transported residues is preferably recorded. The X-ray device is preferably directed toward the residue stream, and the detector device records the radiation passing through the residues.

[0162] In this case, the transport device, for example a conveyor belt, is preferably arranged between the radiation device and the radiation detector device. Preferably, the conveyor belt is made of a material through which X-rays pass.

[0163] Particularly preferably, the transport device has a support surface for the residues, through which X-rays pass. For example, the transport device can be made of a material such as POM. The system preferably has a protective device for shielding against X-rays. The advantage of using X-rays is that many potential foreign bodies, such as plastic or metal parts, have a significantly higher density than the transported residues. This allows foreign bodies to be very easily detected or recorded in X-ray images.

[0164] In a preferred embodiment, several different detection devices and / or several different rejection devices are provided. This makes it possible to react to several different types of foreign bodies in a targeted manner.

[0165] In another preferred embodiment, the discharge device comprises a magnetic element. This magnetic element, for example, an electromagnet, can be used to remove certain ferromagnetic foreign bodies from the transport stream.

[0166] In a further advantageous embodiment, the rejection device comprises an electrostatic rejection element. Certain foreign bodies, such as Styrofoam, can be selectively rejected by electrostatic elements.

[0167] The present invention is further directed to a plant for the utilization of biological residues, in particular animal residues, which plant comprises a feed device for feeding the residues to the plant and a cleaning device for cleaning the residues. Furthermore, the plant comprises a heating device for heating the residues. A drying device for drying the residues is arranged downstream of the heating device in a transport direction of the residues. Furthermore, a transport device is provided for transporting the residues from the heating device to the drying device.

[0168] According to the invention, the drying device and / or the heating device comprises at least one thermally insulating element and, in particular, a thermally insulating outer wall. Alternatively or additionally, the drying device is at least partially thermally insulated and / or at least one wall of the drying device is designed as a thermally insulated wall, wherein a medium for insulating the wall is preferably integrated into this wall.

[0169] In the processes described here, high temperatures are sometimes used to treat the residues. For example, heating or cooking takes place at temperatures above 100°C and preferably above 120°C. Drying the residues also takes place at very high temperatures. As a result, a large proportion of energy can be converted into heat during plant operation and lost. The plant components described here are therefore thermally insulated in connection with this invention to minimize heat losses.

[0170] Preferably, a transport device for transporting the residues is provided between the heating device and the drying device. This is, in particular, a transport device that not only transports the residues but also compresses them. This transport device is also preferably thermally insulated, at least in sections.

[0171] The system preferably comprises a plurality of lines for conducting a gaseous medium, in particular steam, and in particular saturated steam. Particularly preferably, at least one of these lines, and preferably several of these lines, are also at least partially insulated. These lines can also be designed in such a way that temperature loss is kept to a minimum.

[0172] Particularly preferably, the system comprises a steam supply device. This dam supply device is also preferably thermally insulated to minimize losses.

[0173] In a further advantageous embodiment, the heating device and / or the drying device, and in particular the heating device, has viewing windows. Particularly preferably, this viewing window is also provided with an insulating element. Such windows allow users to more easily monitor certain processes, such as the heating process or the drying process.

[0174] For example, the viewing window can be made of insulating glass or single-pane safety glass. It would also be conceivable to use double-pane safety glass or multi-pane safety glass. Preferably, at least one window is made of laminated safety glass. It can have a film, particularly a highly elastic film, between two panes of this glass. This film can be made of polyvinyl acetate (PVA) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), for example. Semi-tempered glass can also be used for the window.

[0175] In another embodiment, the viewing window can be opened and closed. Preferably, however, this viewing window is sized to allow a user to enter the system component or housing with the viewing window open. Thus, when the system is open, the viewing window also serves to expose an access hatch.

[0176] In a further design, it would also be possible for the window itself to be a double window.

[0177] Preferably, the outer wall of the drying device and / or heating device has a plurality of wall modules, which are preferably connected to one another.

[0178] In a further preferred embodiment, the system comprises a cooling device for cooling the residues. This cooling device is particularly preferably arranged upstream of the feed device for feeding the residues. This cooling device is also particularly preferably thermally insulated. The cooling device can be arranged in a thermally insulated housing.

[0179] In addition to this, or in addition to this, the cooling device can also be located in a cooled room. This room is preferably also thermally insulated from the outside environment. For example, a ceiling or facades or walls of this room can have a coating that is itself thermally insulating. Such coatings are known in the art and preferably comprise a large number of particles that reflect incoming solar radiation, thus achieving thermal insulation.

[0180] In a preferred embodiment, the drying device comprises a tube and / or a drum, and in particular a rotatable tube and / or a rotatable drum, through which the residues are transported. This drum is thermally insulated at least in sections. In a further preferred embodiment, the heating device comprises a housing through which the residues can be transported. Therefore, this housing preferably surrounds the residues at least partially, and preferably at least completely. Furthermore, this housing is also preferably thermally insulated at least in sections.

[0181] In a further embodiment, the drum is mounted on at least one side on a first bearing housing. This bearing housing is particularly preferably also thermally insulated. For example, this housing can be made of stainless steel or even double-walled.

[0182] Particularly preferably, the tube or drum is also arranged at its end on a second bearing housing, so that the drum is preferably arranged between these two bearing housings. Particularly preferably, this second bearing housing is also designed to be thermally insulating. Thus, this second bearing housing can also be made of stainless steel and / or double-walled. Thermally insulating elements can also be incorporated into one of the bearing housings, and preferably into both bearing housings.

[0183] In a preferred embodiment, the drying device comprises a heating device suitable and intended for heating an interior of the drum. This heating can achieve drying of the residues.

[0184] In a preferred embodiment, the drying device and / or the drum (more precisely, its peripheral wall) is double-walled in at least some sections. In particular, the drum of the drying device is double-walled in at least some sections.

[0185] In a further preferred embodiment, the above-described housing of the heating device is designed with double walls at least in sections. This double-walled design allows for a better thermal insulation effect.

[0186] In a preferred embodiment, the drum has an inner peripheral wall and an outer peripheral wall, which preferably surrounds this inner peripheral wall. A gap is preferably formed between the inner peripheral wall and the outer peripheral wall.

[0187] In a preferred embodiment, the inner and outer peripheral walls are concentric with each other (particularly with respect to a rotational axis of the drum). Particularly preferably, the inner and outer peripheral walls are attached to each other and thus connected in a rotationally fixed manner.

[0188] An insulating agent or insulating medium, or even air, can be present in the space between these walls. Particularly preferably, one of these circumferential walls, and preferably both circumferential walls, has a cylindrical shape. For example, the inner circumferential shape is cylindrical, as is the outer circumferential wall.

[0189] The insulating medium is preferably air, PU foam, rock wool, Styrofoam, or the like. It is advantageous to use a material with a lower thermal conductivity than the material of the walls, which can be aluminum, for example. A low-density material is particularly preferred, especially for the roller or drum, so that the drum as a whole has a comparatively low weight.

[0190] In a further preferred embodiment, the housing of the heating device also has a double warning, wherein the insulating medium is arranged within this double warning.

[0191] In a further advantageous embodiment, the insulating medium has a physical density which is less than 2.7 g / cm 3 preferably less than 2.0 g / cm 3 .preferably less than 1.5 g / cm 3 .

[0192] In addition, the insulating medium can also be composed of multiple components and / or materials. Advantageously, the insulated medium between an outer side and an inner side (of the two facing walls) has a thickness of between 0.5 cm and 20 cm, preferably between 1 cm and 15 cm, and preferably between 1 cm and 10 cm.

[0193] Thus, a distance between an outer side and an inner side and in particular a distance between the two walls of a double wall is preferably considerably larger than the outer side or the inner side (ie the thickness) of said walls.

[0194] Preferably, the outer wall or the inner wall can have thicknesses of between 0.2 cm and 5 cm, preferably between 0.2 cm and 4 cm, preferably between 0.3 cm and 3 cm.

[0195] In a further preferred embodiment, the inner and / or outer walls are made of a thermally insulating material. This material is particularly preferably stainless steel. Both walls are particularly preferably made of stainless steel. However, certain plastic materials will also be suitable.

[0196] In the event that a particularly thin material is selected, the drying device is preferably mounted on several support devices so that it can rotate in order to prevent damage to the transformers.

[0197] In a further advantageous embodiment, the wall has an outer wall element and an inner wall element facing the treatment chamber or the drying chamber, wherein the insulating medium is arranged between the outer wall element and the inner wall element.

[0198] The insulating material can be plastic or PUR foam, for example, but it would also be possible for the insulating material to be air, for example, or even a partial vacuum that is introduced between the two walls surrounding the treatment room.

[0199] In a further preferred embodiment, at least one of the walls has an outer wall element and an inner wall element facing a treatment chamber, for example, the heating chamber, wherein the insulating medium is arranged and, in particular, enclosed between the outer wall element and the inner wall element. In this way, the insulating material itself is not visible during operation and, above all, does not require separate protection from cleaning agents. Thus, the preferred insulating material is located in a closed space.

[0200] Particularly preferably, a line for conducting a gaseous medium is routed through one of these double walls. For example, steam from the drying device can be discharged via such a line.

[0201] The present invention is further directed to a plant for the utilization of biological residues, in particular animal residues, which plant has a feeding device which feeds the residues to the plant and a cleaning device for cleaning the residues.

[0202] Furthermore, a heating device for heating the residues is provided, wherein in a transport direction of the residues, a drying device for drying the residues is arranged after the heating device and a transport device is provided which transports the residues from the heating device to the drying device.

[0203] According to the invention, the cleaning device, the heating device and / or the drying devices comprise a system cleaning device and / or a system sterilization device which enables at least partially automated cleaning and / or sterilization of an interior of this cleaning device, an interior of this heating device and / or an interior of this drying device.

[0204] Preferably, at least two of these system cleaning devices are provided. In particular, at least the heating device and the drying device have a system cleaning device.

[0205] In the current state of the art, it is common practice for such systems or system components to be cleaned at specified times. This is particularly critical because the systems process food products. Typically, an operator or user enters the system and cleans it with various cleaning agents.

[0206] In contrast, a cleaning system, such as a so-called SIP (Sterilization in Place) or CIP (Cleaning in Place) system, is recommended in this context. This can contribute to the automation of the system and also reduce personnel costs.

[0207] Preferably, the system cleaning device comprises a drying device for actively drying areas of the interior (in particular after cleaning has been carried out). For example, the drying device can expose interior areas of said devices to air, in particular dry air and in particular also to cold air. In this way, sterilization can also be completed, in particular when exposed to sterile air.

[0208] As mentioned above, the system preferably also comprises a cooling device for cooling the residues. A system cleaning device is preferably also provided for cleaning this cooling device. This can, for example, also supply interior spaces or a lid device with sterilization or cleaning medium. In a preferred embodiment, the system cleaning device has at least one line arranged in the interior space (of the heating device or the drying device) and a supply device which is in flow connection with this line or can be brought into flow connection with this line and which is preferably suitable and intended for supplying at least one surface located in the interior space with a cleaning and / or sterilization medium, i.e. in particular with a liquid and / or gaseous and / or vaporous sterilization medium.

[0209] Particularly preferably, the application device is designed as a spray head or spray nozzle. Particularly preferably, the application device comprises a spray head designed as a rotating head, which rotates about a predetermined axis of rotation during application. Such a spray head or spray nozzle allows for large-area application of the corresponding interior areas, for example, wall areas.

[0210] A multitude of such spray heads or nozzles makes it possible to apply a cleaning or sterilizing agent to large areas of the interior, and ideally entire wall areas. These spray heads or nozzles are preferably designed as plastic elements. The spray heads or nozzles are preferably directed toward treatment areas, and in particular toward the wall areas of the respective facilities that border the room.

[0211] Particularly preferably, the line, particularly preferably at least a part of the application device, is arranged stationary in the room.

[0212] Particularly preferably, the application device comprises a stationary part and a part that is movable and, in particular, rotatable relative to this stationary part. The cleaning medium can preferably be dispensed via this rotating part. This rotation also enables a larger-area application, for example, to wall areas of the respective cleaning device.

[0213] In particular, the drying device preferably has a rotatable drum. The rotatable drum can also rotate relative to the application device, so that even with a stationary application device, complete cleaning of the drum's internal walls can be achieved.

[0214] In the case of the heating device and the cooling device, the pressure devices are preferably arranged at least partially stationary. A large number of pressure devices makes it possible to clean the entire inner wall.

[0215] In the case of the heating device, however, the same application devices used to apply steam to the residues are preferably also used, at least in part, to clean the interior. This also allows for simple cleaning of these application devices. Preferably, the application devices, at least in the case of the cleaning device and also the cooling device, are arranged at least in an upper part of a housing surrounding the interior. In this way, a cleaning agent can also flow away from the location of application.

[0216] In a further advantageous embodiment, the system and / or the system cleaning device comprises at least one particle removal device, which is suitable and intended to remove particles, in particular by mechanical action, from at least one wall bounding the interior. It is possible for this particle removal device to be arranged stationary or to extend only in one longitudinal direction, for example, along the transport path.

[0217] The drum can preferably move relative to this particle removal device. For example, the particle receiving device could be designed as a brush that can be directed toward a wall of the drum and cleans it by rotating the drum. This brush could also be movable in the longitudinal direction of the drum, allowing different areas of the drum to be accessible for the cleaning process.

[0218] In a further advantageous embodiment, a cleaning and / or sterilizing agent can be supplied to the interior via a supply line, in which an operating medium can be supplied to the interior during operation.

[0219] For example, steam or saturated steam can be used in the heating device to heat the residues. This application is preferably carried out via supply lines through which this saturated steam is supplied. In a cleaning mode, a cleaning agent can be supplied to the interior via the same line. This makes it possible to clean and / or sterilize the respective supply lines, and particularly preferably, the aforementioned steam valve can also be cleaned and / or sterilized using a cleaning agent.

[0220] This also allows for cleaning and / or sterilization of the aforementioned valve. For example, a cleaning agent or sterilizing agent can be applied to the valve in the usual way instead of using a steamer.

[0221] Particularly preferably, the system cleaning device is also suitable and intended for performing a rinsing process. This rinsing process is typically provided after a cleaning and / or sterilization process. For example, a rinsing process with clear water can be performed after a cleaning process. A rinsing process, for example, with sterile air, can also be performed after a sterilization process.

[0222] In a further advantageous embodiment, the interior space has an outlet for discharging a cleaning and / or sterilization medium and / or a rinsing medium from the interior space. For example, cleaning water or a rinsing agent can be collected and discharged via a central outlet, for example, from a housing.

[0223] The aforementioned drum can also have a corresponding outlet for cleaning fluids or rinsing media or sterilizing agents. For example, the drum can be rotated into a position where this outlet is at the lowest point relative to the drum. Particularly preferably, the system cleaning device has a control device that carries out a controlled cleaning process. For example, a cleaning agent can first be fed from a first reservoir into the interior and there act on certain areas of the room or boundary surfaces. After a predetermined exposure time, clear water can then be supplied to the interior to rinse the interior.

[0224] This prevents residues of cleaning agents from remaining in the housings and, for example, the drum. Accordingly, during a sterilization process, the sterilizing agent can be applied first, followed by the aforementioned rinsing process.

[0225] In a further preferred embodiment, the system cleaning device has a sensor device that determines parameters characteristic of the cleaning process. For example, the temperature of a cleaning agent or even a pressure can be determined. From this pressure, for example, it can be concluded that the application device is functioning properly.

[0226] In a further preferred embodiment, at least one of said interior spaces has a window through which a user can observe the interior. This also allows the user to monitor a cleaning and / or rinsing process.

[0227] In a further continuous embodiment, the system has at least one processing device for processing a cleaning or sterilization or rinsing medium.

[0228] For example, it may be possible to filter this cleaning, sterilization, or rinsing medium to remove residues from this material. Chemical substances can also be used for treatment. After this treatment, the remaining water can be disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner, but recycling is also conceivable.

[0229] In a further preferred embodiment, a spray head or nozzle is arranged on a pivotable and / or rotatable arm in an application device. The cleaning and / or sterilizing agent can also be supplied to the spray head or spray nozzle via this arm. This also improves the range and effectiveness of the application device.

[0230] In a further preferred embodiment, the device comprises a radiation device suitable and intended for exposing areas of the interior to sterilizing radiation. For example, a UV radiation device can be provided that exposes the conversion areas to UV radiation, and / or an X-ray device or even an electron beam device. Such radiation effects disinfection and / or the killing of germs.

[0231] Particularly preferably, the system cleaning device comprises a storage container for a cleaning agent, preferably also a storage container for a rinsing agent, for example, clear water. In addition, the system cleaning device can also comprise treatment means for producing sterile air, such as, in particular but not exclusively, HEPA filters and the like.

[0232] Preferably, at least one of the system cleaning devices has a cleaning agent circuit.

[0233] The system cleaning device preferably also includes a pressure-generating means, such as a compressor, for supplying pressurized air into the interior and onto the said surfaces. In addition, the system cleaning device preferably also includes one or more pumps that supply the cleaning agent to the interior under pressure.

[0234] In addition, the system cleaning device can also have a plurality of valve devices for controlling a flow of the cleaning agent so that different areas of the interior can be sterilized and / or cleaned in a specific, predetermined sequence.

[0235] The system cleaning device preferably also includes removal means for removing foreign bodies. For example, foreign bodies may still be present in the residues in the area of ​​the heating device or the cooling device. The cleaning device also allows for the removal of such foreign bodies.

[0236] Such a cleaning process preferably takes place outside of the system's operating mode. It is also possible for several different cleaning processes to run simultaneously, for example, cleaning the cleaning device, cleaning the heating device, cleaning the cooling device, and / or cleaning the drying device.

[0237] Preferably, the first transport device is designed such that it transports the remains essentially in a straight line. Preferably, the compression of the remains also occurs essentially along this transport direction. As mentioned above, the animal remains are preferably remains of marine animals, preferably shrimp remains, and particularly preferably their heads. These heads often arise as waste during shrimp production.

[0238] In a further preferred embodiment, the system comprises a cooling device for cooling the residues. This cooling device is preferably arranged upstream of the feed device. This cooling device preferably comprises a cooling chamber, and in particular a thermally insulated cooling chamber, in which the residues can be stored at least temporarily. In this way, delivered residues do not have to be processed immediately, allowing the system to be operated more efficiently overall.

[0239] This cooling chamber is preferably provided with an exterior coating that improves the thermal insulation of the cooling chamber. The coating can preferably comprise coatings containing reflective particles.

[0240] In a further preferred embodiment, the cooling device is suitable and intended to cool the residues to a temperature or to store them at a temperature that is lower than 14°C, preferably lower than 12°C, preferably lower than 10°C, preferably lower than 8°C, preferably lower than 6°C, preferably lower than 4°C, preferably lower than 2°C, preferably lower than 0°C and particularly preferably lower than -2°C and particularly preferably lower than -4°C and particularly preferably lower than -6°C.

[0241] In a further preferred embodiment, the cleaning device has a receiving space for the residues, as well as a spraying device which is suitable and intended to spray the residues with water.

[0242] In a further advantageous embodiment, the cleaning device has at least two and preferably at least three and generally several sub-chambers which are at least partially separated or can be separated from one another and which can be filled with the said residues.

[0243] Preferably, at least two of these sub-chambers are connected by means of overflows by means of which a cleaning agent and in particular water can pass from one sub-chamber into another sub-chamber.

[0244] As mentioned above, cleaning is preferably carried out with fresh water. Preferably, the cleaning process also includes the separation of certain foreign bodies, such as metallic or plastic bodies. Preferably, at least one of these subchambers, and preferably several subchambers, has grids or sieves through which the residues cannot pass, but through which smaller foreign bodies, and in particular dirt particles washed off by the residues, can pass.

[0245] In a further preferred embodiment, a stirring device is arranged in at least one of the sub-chambers, by means of which the residues in the sub-chamber can be circulated or stirred. In this way, the cleaning effect can be increased.

[0246] Particularly preferably, a transport device is connected to the cleaning device. In particular, this is a transport device that is suitable and intended for conveying the residues in a straight line and / or conveying the residues upwards at a predetermined angle. This angle is preferably greater than 5°, preferably greater than 10°. This angle is preferably less than 60°, preferably less than 50°, preferably less than 40°, and preferably less than 30°.

[0247] In a further advantageous embodiment, a transport device is therefore provided which conveys the said residues from the cleaning device to the heating device.

[0248] In a preferred embodiment, the first comminution device is intended to comminute the residues into particle sizes that are larger than 1 mm, preferably larger than 2 mm, preferably larger than 4 mm and particularly preferably larger than 6 mm.

[0249] In a further preferred embodiment, the first comminution device is suitable and intended to comminute the residues into particle sizes that are smaller than 30 mm, preferably smaller than 25 mm, preferably smaller than 20 mm, preferably smaller than 15 mm.

[0250] As mentioned above, the residues are preferably fed to the comminution device in a compressed form. This facilitates the comminution process. The applicant has discovered that these particle sizes are particularly advantageous for a subsequent drying process and, at the same time, keep the comminution effort within reasonable limits.

[0251] In a further preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned compression of the residues causes the product or residues to be squeezed out, so that liquid can be drained off particularly early, which in turn facilitates the drying process.

[0252] In a further preferred embodiment, the feed direction comprises a transport device. This transport device is particularly preferably a so-called screw conveyor.

[0253] Particularly preferably, a further transport device is provided to convey the residues from a receiving space to the cleaning device.

[0254] In a further preferred embodiment, the system comprises a drying device for drying the residues. This drying device is particularly preferably arranged downstream of the first comminution device in the transport direction of the residues. The drying device particularly preferably comprises a transport device that conveys the residues through a drying zone of the drying device.

[0255] In a preferred embodiment, the drying device comprises a rotatable drum, into whose interior the residues are conveyed. Particularly preferably, this drum, or the interior of the drum in which the residues are located, is subjected to an elevated temperature and / or heated. It would also be possible to additionally supply this drum with dry air.

[0256] In a preferred embodiment, the drying device comprises a collecting device for collecting the liquid produced during the drying process, particularly condensate. This liquid has a very high degree of purity. Therefore, this resulting liquid can be fed back into the process, for example, for cleaning the residues and / or to an evaporator device. It would also be possible to feed steam produced during the drying process back into the heating device.

[0257] Furthermore, the system preferably has a recirculation device that feeds liquid generated during drying to other sub-processes and / or systems of the system. This recirculation device preferably has at least one heat exchanger. For example, the temperature of the steam can be used to heat water.

[0258] Preferably, the length of this drum is greater, and preferably considerably larger, than the cross-section of this drum. Therefore, the drum could also be referred to as a tube.

[0259] Particularly preferably, the drying device has a capacity of more than 2 t / h, preferably more than 3 t / h, preferably more than 4 t / h, and preferably more than 5 t / h. Particularly preferably, the drum of the drying device rotates at a speed greater than 0.5 rpm, preferably greater than 1 rpm, preferably greater than 2 rpm, and preferably greater than 3 rpm.

[0260] More preferably, said drum rotates at a rotational speed which is less than 50 rpm, preferably less than 40 rpm, preferably less than 35 rpm, preferably less than 20 rpm, preferably less than 15 rpm, more preferably less than 10 rpm, and more preferably less than 8 rpm.

[0261] Preferably, at least one region of the drum, and in particular a peripheral wall of the drum, is thermally insulated. For example, the drum can be double-walled at least in sections, and a thermally insulating material can preferably be arranged within the double wall. In this way, heat loss during the drying process can be reduced. However, it would also be conceivable for only air to be arranged between the walls of this double wall.

[0262] Particularly preferably, the drying device has a length in a transport direction of the residues that is greater than 10 m, preferably greater than 15 m, preferably greater than 20 m, and preferably greater than 25 m. Particularly preferably, the drying device has a length in this longitudinal direction that is less than 50 m, preferably less than 40 m, preferably less than 35 m, preferably less than 30 m.

[0263] In a further preferred embodiment, the drying device has a drive device for rotating the drum. The drive device is particularly preferably arranged outside the drum. In particular, this drive device engages an outer wall of the drum. For example, a toothing can be provided on an outer wall of the drum, which in turn engages a gear of the drive device.

[0264] This drive device preferably comprises an electric motor, in particular a servomotor. The drive device preferably comprises at least one sensor device that detects at least one parameter characteristic of the operation of this electric motor, such as a rotational position of the electric motor or a torque.

[0265] Particularly preferably, a guide device is provided to guide the rotation of the drum. For example, one or two guide devices can be provided parallel to or next to the drive to guide the rotation of the drum.

[0266] Preferably, an inner wall of the drum is designed such that rotation of the drum also enables the transport of the residues located in the drum. In a further preferred embodiment, the drum has an inspection opening through which an operator can access the interior of the drum for cleaning purposes.

[0267] In a further preferred embodiment, the drying device and in particular the drum comprises a cleaning device, in particular a CIP cleaning device, which in particular enables cleaning of the interior and / or the inner wall of the drum. In a further preferred embodiment, the drying device and in particular the drum comprises a sterilization device, in particular a SIP (sterilization in place) cleaning device, which in particular enables cleaning of the interior and / or the inner wall of the drum.

[0268] This sterilization device can preferably comprise loading devices which apply a flowable sterilizing agent to components of the drying device and in particular to components of the drum.

[0269] Preferably, this sterilizing agent is selected from a group of sterilizing agents containing hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid and chlorine.

[0270] In a further preferred embodiment, the drying device has a heating device for heating the interior of the drum.

[0271] In another known embodiment, the device comprises a further transport device suitable and intended for transporting a product of the device, in particular a ground product or the ground residues. For example, a pneumatic conveyor may be provided, in which the conveying is effected partially and preferably entirely by air pressure or by suction of air, generally by an air stream.

[0272] In a further preferred embodiment, the plant comprises a separation device for separating dust, in particular from a ground product which is produced in the plant.

[0273] Particularly preferably, the separation device comprises a cyclone separator. In particular, this separation device is provided downstream of a further comminution device, which processes the residues into (animal) meal or fine powder.

[0274] In a further advantageous embodiment, the device comprises at least one detection device for detecting ambient conditions. These can be, for example, temperature measuring devices, pressure measuring devices, and humidity measuring devices.

[0275] Using the results of such detection devices and / or sensor devices, improved control of the individual units of the device, particularly the heating device and the drying device, can be achieved. For example, lower air humidity requires correspondingly less drying of the residues. This allows the energy required to operate the system to be reduced.

[0276] Particularly preferably, the drying device and / or the heating device has a control device that controls predetermined parameters of the drying process and / or the heating process. This control can, in particular, also be carried out as a function of the aforementioned environmental parameters.

[0277] Preferably, these parameters are selected from a group of parameters which include an amount of steam supplied to the heating device, a temperature of the steam supplied to the heating device, a transport speed of the residues through the heating device, a rotation speed of the drum of the drying device, a heating power of the drying device, a transport speed of the individual transport devices and the like.

[0278] Preferably, the device has a higher-level control device which is suitable and intended to control the heating device and the control device also in dependence on one another.

[0279] In a further advantageous embodiment, the device comprises at least one image recording device suitable and intended for capturing spatially resolved images of the transported residues. Such an image recording device and / or camera device can be used, for example, to eject or sort out foreign material from the residue stream. Such an image recording device can also be used to initiate a safety shutdown if, for example, it is detected that a machine operator is in a danger zone of the system.

[0280] In a further preferred embodiment, the device has at least one and preferably a plurality of measuring and / or sensor devices which detect one and preferably several parameters which are characteristic of the transported material, ie the transported residues.

[0281] For example, the moisture content or moisture level of the residues can be determined, or even the temperature of the transported residues. For this purpose, these values ​​can be recorded online, i.e., during operation; however, it would also be possible to take offline samples and record values ​​such as temperature or humidity for these samples. This data is preferably also used to control the device. For example, if the residual moisture content of the residues is too high after the drying process, the rotation speed of the drum can be slowed down.

[0282] In addition, sensor devices are preferably provided that record physical properties of the final product, e.g., the meat and bone meal. Here, too, parameters such as temperature or humidity can be recorded. These sensor devices can be designed, for example, as probes that extend into a stream of meat and bone meal or are flowed through by the meat and bone meal. This data can also be used to control the system.

[0283] In a further preferred embodiment, at least one of the transport devices is designed as a screw conveyor. Particularly preferably, at least two, and preferably at least three, of the transport devices are designed as screw conveyors. Screw conveyors are particularly suitable for transporting such residues.

[0284] As mentioned above, the transport device which not only transports the residues but also compresses them is particularly preferably designed as a screw conveyor (and in particular as a screw conveyor with two parallel transport screws).

[0285] Screw conveyors are conveying systems for bulk materials based on the principle of the Archimedes screw. The screw conveyor, preferably located in a trough or pipe, transports the material – usually motor-driven – over several meters, e.g., from a lower trough to an upper trough, even in multiple stages with the help of intermediate storage.

[0286] Gravity and friction between the material being transported and the trough or pipe walls prevent the material from rotating with the screw. This ensures continuous transport. If the friction against the wall is low at a high fill level, the material only rotates perpendicular to the screw axis and is not transported.

[0287] During vertical transport, wall friction must therefore be generated in the pipe by centrifugal force, which sometimes requires high speeds of 250-400 min-1.

[0288] The material can be transported horizontally or at an angle in an open container, or vertically in a closed container. Processing steps such as mixing, dewatering, or compression can also be performed during transport, and cooling or drying during transport is also possible.

[0289] In screw conveyors, a screw conveyor is a shaft around which one or more spiral-shaped flights, made of flat metal sheets, rubber flaps, or even wood carvings, are wound. Conveyor screws can be designed as rigid or flexible (bendable) screws. For flexible screws, the shaft should also be flexible. The shaft can also be omitted (shaftless / axisless screw or spiral), with the ends rotating around their own curved axis. In this case, the stabilizing effect of the rigid shaft is achieved by profiles incorporated into the spiral.

[0290] Particularly preferably, this screw conveyor has an inlet opening for feeding in the residues. Particularly preferably, a discharge opening is also provided on an opposite side of the screw conveyor.

[0291] In a preferred embodiment, this transport device, which is particularly designed as a screw conveyor, has a first screw and / or screw shaft and a second screw and / or screw shaft. These two screw shafts are preferably parallel to each other. Particularly preferably, the screw or thread of the first screw shaft meshes with the screw or thread of the second screw shaft.

[0292] Particularly preferably, the transport device comprises a drive device and, in particular, an electric motor for driving the screw shafts. Preferably, exactly one drive motor is provided for driving both screw shafts. This is particularly preferably a servomotor. The electric motor can be designed as a DC motor or an AC motor. Preferably, this drive device also comprises at least one detection device and / or measuring device for determining at least one measured value that is characteristic of the operation of the electric motor, such as, in particular, a rotational position or a torque of this electric motor.

[0293] Particularly preferably, a connecting means is also provided that couples a rotation of the first screw shaft with a rotation of the second screw shaft. In this way, the two screw shafts are preferably driven in the same direction or in opposite directions and / or with the same direction of rotation. Preferably, the two screw shafts are driven at the same rotational speed. It is preferably possible for the residues to be conveyed between these two said screw shafts.

[0294] However, two electric motors could also be provided to drive these two shafts, preferably with these two electric motors synchronized with each other. This would eliminate the need for a mechanical transmission.

[0295] Particularly preferably, this transport device is designed in such a way that in a first transport section of the transport device only a transport of the residues takes place and in a further section of this transport device additionally a compression of the residues takes place.

[0296] Preferably, at least one of the conveyor screws has a uniform, in particular helical, flight course in a section extending in the longitudinal direction of this conveyor screw and a course deviating from this uniform course in a second section.

[0297] Particularly preferably, at least one of the screw shafts has in its longitudinal direction a first section in which the arranged screw or the worm thread is formed uniformly, and a second section in which the screw shaft and / or the worm thread is formed in a different manner than in the first section and in particular is formed unevenly or irregularly.

[0298] Particularly preferably, the conveying cross-section of this (twin) screw conveyor changes in its longitudinal direction and decreases in the direction of transport of the residues. This preferably results in the compression of the residues.

[0299] Particularly preferably, the second worm shaft also has a first section in which the screw runs uniformly, and in particular uniformly spirally, and a second section which differs from the first section and in which the worm or helical configuration is formed in a different way.

[0300] In a further preferred embodiment, the heating device has an application device which is suitable and intended to apply a flowable medium and in particular steam and in particular saturated steam to the residues.

[0301] In another known embodiment, the heating device comprises a transport device which conveys the residues through a heating region of the heating device.

[0302] In a further preferred embodiment, the application device has a steam rotary connection which serves to distribute and / or convey the steam or the medium to the residues.

[0303] Particularly preferably, this steam rotary joint comprises a steam line and a first section which is rotatable relative to the second section with respect to a predetermined axis of rotation.

[0304] In a preferred embodiment, the steam rotary connection is designed as a so-called steam rotary valve. Thus, the steam connection device particularly preferably allows control of the flowing medium or steam flow, and in particular also allows the connection or the steam flow to be switched on or off.

[0305] In a further preferred embodiment, the heating device comprises a microwave heating device. This takes advantage of the fact that the products to be heated have a high water content and can therefore be easily heated using microwaves.

[0306] This microwave heating device can have a resonator through which the residues can be transported.

[0307] Preferably, the heating device comprises both a microwave heating device and the aforementioned application devices. This configuration is based on the consideration that, depending on the moisture content and temperature of the residues, the aforementioned application or microwave heating may be more efficient.

[0308] In a further preferred embodiment, the heating device comprises a housing that at least partially, and preferably completely, surrounds the transported residues. This housing is designed to be thermally insulating at least in sections. For example, the walls of this housing can be made of a thermally insulating material.

[0309] The walls of this housing can also be designed as double walls, at least in sections. A thermally insulating material is preferably arranged between the walls of this double wall, at least in sections. This is preferably a material with a low thermal conductivity coefficient; for example, PUR foams or Styrofoam could be used.

[0310] In a further advantageous embodiment, the device has a packaging device which feeds the product produced in the plant, and in particular the flour, into packaging units.

[0311] This packaging device preferably comprises a plurality of lines. These lines can, in particular, be pipelines that can carry a medium or the end product.

[0312] In a preferred embodiment, the packaging device comprises a receptacle for receiving a ground product. This can be, for example, a PET bag.

[0313] In a further preferred embodiment, the system, and in particular the packaging device, comprises an air purification device. Dust filters, in particular, can be provided here. Particularly preferably, the system comprises a dust separation device in order to achieve greater purity of the product to be manufactured.

[0314] Particularly preferably, the system and in particular the packaging device has an air suction device in order to suck dust out of the said receiving container.

[0315] In another known embodiment, the system comprises a further transport device that feeds residues to the heating device, and this transport device is particularly preferably designed as a conveyor belt. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the device comprises a discharge device that discharges foreign bodies from the residues transported on this transport device or the conveyor device designed as a conveyor belt.

[0316] This can be done, for example, by means of a robot device that separates out foreign bodies, taking into account images taken, for example, by an image recording device.

[0317] The system preferably comprises at least one image recording device capable of recording at least one image, and preferably a plurality of images, of the transported residues. The device preferably also comprises an image evaluation device that evaluates the images recorded by this image recording device, in particular to determine the presence and position of foreign bodies from these images.

[0318] Preferably, a discharge device is provided which is suitable and intended for separating foreign bodies from the transport stream. It would be possible for individual foreign bodies to be removed, for example, using the gripping devices mentioned above.

[0319] However, it would also be possible for the presence of foreign bodies to be detected and for this foreign body to be removed along with a certain portion of the residues containing the foreign body. For example, pushing devices could be provided that move transversely and, in particular, perpendicularly to the transport direction of the residues, thus pushing the foreign bodies along with a certain portion of the residues laterally off the conveyor belt.

[0320] However, it would also be possible for the discharge device to be designed as a so-called kicker wheel. This is a wheel arranged above the transport device, on which at least one and preferably several scoop-like elements are arranged. These elements can engage with the transported material and thus grasp foreign objects and eject them from the transport stream of residues. This process can also be carried out depending on an image of the transported material.

[0321] In a further preferred embodiment, the transport device comprises a first conveyor belt and a second conveyor belt arranged below the first conveyor belt. In this case, the residues are transferred from the first conveyor belt to the second conveyor belt in free fall. An image recording device can observe the residues in free fall and record images and / or image sequences. An image evaluation device can, in turn, identify foreign bodies from these images.

[0322] In a further preferred embodiment, the device comprises an X-ray device that exposes the transported residues to X-ray radiation. Preferably, the device also comprises an X-ray detector device that detects radiation radiated onto the residues by the X-ray device and preferably transmitted by the residues.

[0323] Many of the foreign bodies typically contained in the remains will have a significantly higher physical density than the remains themselves. Therefore, taking X-ray images and evaluating them is particularly suitable for identifying such objects. Such a device preferably also includes an image recording device suitable and intended for taking X-ray images.

[0324] In a further preferred embodiment, the device has a magnetically acting discharge device. One or more electromagnets can be provided, which serve to discharge, in particular, ferromagnetic objects. These can be arranged, for example, above the transport path of the residues or in a transport stream of the residues, so that magnetic bodies conveyed along with the residues adhere to them.

[0325] This transport device preferably has an ejection device that enables ejection during free fall. For example, at least one air nozzle or a plurality of air nozzles could be provided, which emit an air stream perpendicular to the direction of fall, deflecting foreign objects and ejecting them from the transport path.

[0326] In addition, one or a plurality of deflection plates could be provided, which can be introduced into the stream of residues in free fall in order to specifically deflect and remove foreign bodies from the stream.

[0327] These plates could be driven by fast drives, such as pneumatic ones. It would be conceivable to have a plate extending across the entire width of the debris in free fall.

[0328] However, it would also be conceivable to provide a plurality of plate segments that can be inserted into the free-falling waste stream. This would prevent the unintentional discharge of excessive waste.

[0329] In a further preferred embodiment, the device comprises at least one air-driven and / or compressed air discharge device. This can, for example, apply an air stream to an area of ​​the transported residues, thereby blowing foreign objects out of the residue stream.

[0330] It is possible for the above-mentioned transport device to be operated continuously, but it would also be possible to operate in a cyclical manner, whereby foreign bodies can be removed automatically and / or manually even when the device is at a standstill.

[0331] It would also be conceivable for this discharge device to be designed, for example, as a comb-like element through which, for example, the remains can pass, but larger objects cannot.

[0332] Furthermore, a wall can be arranged above the conveyor belt, thus forming a gap between the wall and the conveyor belt through which the residues transported by the conveyor device are transported. In a further embodiment, the first comminution device is designed as a granulate crusher. Such crushers are particularly suitable for achieving specific average particle sizes, such as those mentioned above.

[0333] In a further preferred embodiment, the plant has a second comminution device for comminuting the residues, wherein this second comminution device is preferably arranged in the transport device of the residues after the drying device.

[0334] Particularly preferably, this second comminution device is suitable and intended for comminuting and, in particular, grinding the residues into the final product. Particularly preferably, the second comminution device is a mill, in particular a hammer mill.

[0335] A hammer mill can grind different materials to varying degrees of coarseness and is preferably used for comminuting highly heterogeneous material mixtures.

[0336] The material to be ground is preferably crushed by kinetic impact and impact comminution. A rotor rotates in a housing, preferably a metal housing. An application-specific number of movable (steel) hammers are mounted on its outer circumference, capable of reaching peripheral speeds of up to 120 m / s.

[0337] The rotor is preferably directly driven by a motor, particularly an electric motor and especially a servo motor, and is housed with the hammers in a housing that preferably contains a screen inside. Upon entering the rotor's impact circle, the material to be ground strikes the rotating hammers. The impact of the hammers achieves the greatest crushing effect. The hammers also hurl the pieces onto the grinding wall, where they are further crushed by the impact.

[0338] Further comminution is preferably achieved by impact in the lower area between the rotor and the grinding wall. The material to be ground remains in the grinding chamber until it is small enough to pass through a perforated sieve on the outer circumference of the machine. This sieve acts as a limiter for the maximum grain size. The maximum grain size can be adjusted by replacing the sieve.

[0339] By arranging grinding walls on both sides, the direction of rotation of the rotor can be changed preferentially (this is called reversing). This makes it possible to optimally utilize the hammer heads during wear.

[0340] After a small gap, a conical outlet is preferably provided at the bottom, which is directly connected to a pneumatic suction system. The ground product is preferably sucked away directly below the hammer mill using the pneumatic suction system, which also preferably ensures cooling of the machine (through airflow). This is beneficial for both the grinding quality and the machine itself.

[0341] This second shredding device produces the final product, for example animal meal.

[0342] In a further preferred embodiment, the device comprises a shaking or vibration unit. This vibration unit serves, in particular, to screen out further elements from the residues. This vibration unit is preferably arranged downstream of the heating device and, more preferably, this vibration unit is arranged upstream of the drying unit.

[0343] In a further preferred embodiment, the system comprises a centrifuge device and / or a further pressing device for centrifuging the residues. This centrifuge device can be used to clean, for example, oil residues from the residues.

[0344] In a further advantageous embodiment, the system has at least one generating device for generating steam. This can, for example, be at least one first boiler that generates (in particular saturated) steam. Advantageously, at least two, and preferably exactly two, such steam boilers are provided. These can particularly preferably generate steam in alternating operation.

[0345] A combustion device is preferably used to generate the steam. However, steam generation using electricity would also be possible.

[0346] In a further preferred embodiment, the system comprises a treatment device for treating water for the aforementioned boilers. In particular, these treatment devices are purification devices. These purification devices offer the advantage that specially purified water can be used both for steam generation and, for example, for the cleaning processes.

[0347] For example, such a treatment system could be a water softener. The system preferably includes storage tanks to hold fuel for the boilers. These tanks preferably have a volume of between 40,000 and 50,000 gallons.

[0348] In a further preferred embodiment, the plant comprises a device for converting biomass into fuels and / or electrical energy.

[0349] In the processes described here, biomass is primarily used as the starting material, and biomass is also the end product. A wide variety of plants are known from the state of the art for converting biomass into fuel or even electrical energy.

[0350] The biomasses described here, such as shrimp residues, are less suitable for gasification on their own due to their very high shell content. However, when these residues are mixed with other products, such as straw or wood, they contribute particularly advantageously to corresponding gasification or conversion processes.

[0351] In a preferred embodiment, the device for converting biomass into fuels and / or into electrical energy comprises at least one gasification device which is suitable and intended to gasify the supplied biomass.

[0352] Furthermore, the device comprises at least one purification device that purifies the gas produced by gasification. This device can thus be suitable and intended for generating gases such as methane, but also hydrogen, from the biomass. The processes required for this are known from the prior art. Examples of such systems are known from WO 2023 / 088871, DE 10 2021 108 719, or WO 2023 / 088878.

[0353] Furthermore, the plant preferably has a heating device which generates the heat energy required for the gasification process.

[0354] By providing such a device for converting biomass into fuels and / or electrical energy, the entire plant can be made significantly more energy efficient.

[0355] It is also possible for other biological waste materials such as wood chips, straw, grass, bushes, faeces or the like to be fed into this device for converting biomass into fuels and / or electrical energy.

[0356] In a further preferred embodiment, the plant comprises oxidation devices and, in particular, oxidation lagoons. For example, between two and eight such oxidation lagoons can be provided, which can be used to collect the plant's wastewater.

[0357] Preferably, the device has at least one cleaning device for cleaning the waste water generated during operation of the plant.

[0358] In a further preferred embodiment, the system comprises at least one scale and / or weighing device. For example, it would be possible to weigh the containers to be filled with the product during packaging to ensure a proper fill weight.

[0359] It would also be possible to weigh the material at various process steps, such as during feeding. In addition, weighing processes could be performed during the manufacturing process, particularly to determine or estimate the density of the transported material. A weighing process could also be performed after the grinding process.

[0360] The present invention is further directed to a method for the utilization of biological residues, in particular animal residues, wherein a feeding device feeds the residues to a corresponding plant for the utilization of biological residues and in particular to a plant of the type described above, and wherein a cleaning device cleans the residues and a heating device heats the residues and in particular the cleaned residues.

[0361] Furthermore, a first comminution device commins the residues, wherein this first comminution device is arranged downstream of the heating device in a transport direction of the residues.

[0362] According to the invention, a first transport device is provided between the heating device and the comminution device, which transports the residues from the heating device to the comminution device. This first transport device preferably also compresses the residues in addition to transporting the residues. Compression is preferably effected in such a way that the density of the residues increases by at least 10%, preferably by at least 20%, preferably by at least 30%, and preferably by at least 40%, preferably by at least 50%, preferably by at least 60%, preferably by at least 70%, preferably by at least 80%, and preferably by at least 100%.

[0363] Preferably, this compression also achieves dewatering of the residues, so that a subsequent drying process can be carried out more easily.

[0364] Particularly preferably, the heating device heats to more than 80 degrees, preferably to more than 90°, preferably to more than 100°, preferably to more than 110° and preferably to more than 120°.

[0365] Particularly preferably, the heating device heats the residues to less than 200°C, preferably less than 180°C, preferably less than 160°C, and particularly preferably less than 150°C. This heating range has proven particularly efficient for further processing of the residues.

[0366] Particularly preferably, the heating takes place over a predetermined period of time. This period is preferably greater than 2 minutes, preferably greater than 3 minutes, preferably greater than 4 minutes. This period is particularly preferably less than 20 minutes, preferably less than 15 minutes, preferably less than 10 minutes, preferably less than 8 minutes, and particularly preferably less than 6 minutes.

[0367] Particularly preferably, the residues are heated by exposure to steam and particularly preferably by exposure to saturated steam.

[0368] Particularly preferably, a further comminution process takes place after a drying process, wherein this further comminution process is in particular a grinding process.

[0369] In a preferred embodiment, the steam generated during the drying process is used at least partially to heat the residues or to generate additional steam. This steam may be additionally tempered and, in particular, heated to achieve optimal heating of the residues.

[0370] It should be noted that the features described above for the device also apply to the method described here. Conversely, features described in connection with the method according to the invention can also be achieved on the device side using components that are suitable and intended for carrying out the corresponding method steps.

[0371] Foreign bodies are particularly preferably removed from the residues. Foreign bodies are particularly preferably removed and / or discharged in at least two process steps. Such foreign bodies can be removed during transport, in particular transport via a conveyor belt. Furthermore, foreign bodies can also be removed during the cleaning process. In another preferred process, the ground material, in particular animal meal, is filled into packaging units.

[0372] Preferably, the system described above is configured, suitable, and / or intended to carry out the method described above as well as all method steps already described above in connection with the method, individually or in combination with one another. Conversely, the method can be equipped with all the features described in the context of the system, individually or in combination with one another.

[0373] The present invention is further directed to a method for utilizing biological residues, in particular animal residues, wherein a feed device feeds the residues to a plant and in particular to a plant for utilizing biological residues, and a cleaning device cleans the residues and a heating device heats the residues, wherein in a transport direction of the residues, downstream of the heating device, a drying device dries the residues and a transport device is provided which transports the residues from the heating device to the drying device, and wherein at least one first comminution device commins the residues.

[0374] Particularly preferably, the heating device heats the residues by applying a large medium, in particular steam, and particularly preferably saturated steam. This saturated steam is particularly preferably generated using evaporation devices. Particularly preferably, the residues are transported during heating. In another preferred method, the residues are dried in a condenser.

[0375] In another preferred method, the residues are centrifuged. This centrifugation can be used to remove liquids such as oil, for example. This centrifugation can take place, for example, before or after the drying process.

[0376] In a further preferred method, a second comminution device, which is preferably arranged after the first comminution device in a transport direction of the residues, further commins the residues and, in particular, grinds them to a ground product.

[0377] Furthermore, this ground product is preferably dedusted and particularly preferably packaged in packaging units.

[0378] Particularly preferably, the product is conveyed in sections by means of an air stream.

[0379] In another preferred method, the moisture content of the product, i.e., in particular, the ground product, is determined. This is done, in particular, by means of a capacitive measurement.

[0380] In a further preferred method, a cooling device cools the residues, particularly before the feed device feeds the residues to the cleaning device. This cooling allows for improved storage of the residues prior to processing.

[0381] In another preferred method, the residues are compressed, particularly before being fed to the drying device. Preferably, in addition to the compression process, a first dewatering of the residues also takes place. Preferably, the residues are compressed during transport. Preferably, the compression is carried out by means of a conveying device, particularly a screw conveyor. Particularly preferably, the residues are compressed in their transport device.

[0382] In a further preferred method, a detection device detects foreign bodies located in the residues and a discharge device discharges at least a portion of these foreign bodies or these foreign bodies from the residues and / or a residual stream.

[0383] As mentioned above, this detection is a detection in the optical sense, ie in particular an identification or localization of foreign bodies.

[0384] Particularly preferably, this detection and / or removal takes place during transport using a transport device, in particular a conveyor belt. Particularly preferably, at least one type of foreign body and / or a position of the foreign body(s) within the residual stream is detected.

[0385] The transport device is preferably a conveyor belt. Particularly preferably, the detection is carried out using an image recording device, in particular a camera. Particularly preferably, an image analysis is carried out to detect the residues. In another preferred method, artificial intelligence is used for image analysis.

[0386] For this purpose, a large number of images containing or showing such foreign bodies can be imported. Additional images can be added during operation, allowing the artificial intelligence to learn the process independently.

[0387] In another preferred method, the residual stream is expanded and / or spread. The processing of the residual stream can be carried out, in particular, in a direction perpendicular to the transport direction. In this way, the residual stream can be deposited in a single layer or with a small thickness, for example, on the transport device.

[0388] In a further preferred method, the foreign bodies are removed by gripping the foreign bodies, by pushing the foreign bodies out of the transport stream, by blowing the foreign bodies out (for example with air or water), by ejecting the foreign bodies and the like.

[0389] In addition, removal can also be achieved using magnetic means, especially when the foreign bodies themselves are magnetic elements. Removal can also be achieved using electrostatic means, so that, for example, Styrofoam or similar objects can be removed in this way.

[0390] In a further preferred method, the drying device and / or the heating device and / or the cooling device are insulated by means of at least one thermally insulating element. This insulation can increase the thermal efficiency of the system, particularly of system components that operate at high temperatures, such as the aforementioned heating device or the drying device. In a further preferred method, a control device, and in particular a central control device, controls at least the cleaning device and the drying device. However, other devices could also be controlled in a coordinated manner, at least temporarily.

[0391] In addition, the first and second shredding devices can also be controlled in this coordinated manner.

[0392] Coordinated control means that at least temporarily one of the aforementioned devices, such as the drying device, is also controlled based on data obtained by sensor devices of the other device. Furthermore, coordinated control means that, for example, the drive devices of two devices are coordinated with each other, for example, coupled and / or synchronized.

[0393] Preferably, the drives of several different treatment and / or transport systems are coupled and / or synchronized. This makes it possible, for example, to change the operating speed of all system components synchronously.

[0394] However, it is also possible to temporarily cancel such synchronization and / or coupling, for example for the purpose of troubleshooting or to carry out a cleaning process.

[0395] In a preferred method, environmental parameters are measured and, particularly preferably, recorded environmental parameters or corresponding values ​​are fed to the control device, which can use them in the control and / or regulation of the system.

[0396] In a further preferred method, these environmental parameters or environmental values ​​are selected from a group of values ​​which may include temperatures, air pressure, air humidity, composition of ambient air and the like.

[0397] In another preferred method, characteristic parameters for the product or the residues are determined. These values ​​are preferably fed to the control device. These values ​​can be, for example, the moisture content of the residues, the moisture content of the ground product, the temperature of the residues, the transport speed of the residues, the presence of foreign bodies, or the like.

[0398] In a further preferred method, operating parameters are also recorded, such as torques, transport speeds, or power or temperatures or even temperatures of drive devices or temperatures, such as in an interior of the drying device or the heating device.

[0399] Preferably, these values ​​are also used for control purposes and / or fed into the control device. It is possible that artificial intelligence can also control the system based on these values, or that this can be achieved by improving the system control. This also makes it possible to detect malfunctions in the system, for example, in the event of a sudden increase in torque in a drive device, or in response to a sudden drop in torque in the drive device (which, for example, may indicate a lack of product).

[0400] Another preferred method also allows for predicting future problems. For example, if the moisture content of the product before the drying device is too high, it can be predicted that the subsequently milled product may or will also have excessive moisture content.

[0401] In addition, the above-mentioned data can also be used to determine the state of aging of machine parts, for example the state of aging of a drive screw or a drive motor that drives a screw.

[0402] In another preferred method, a fault occurring downstream and / or upstream can also be inferred. For example, if a high drive torque of the first reduction device occurs as a fault, this can indicate the presence of foreign bodies and thus a malfunction of a discharge process.

[0403] If it is determined that the moisture content of the residues after the drying device is too high, this may indicate, for example, malfunctions of the drying device or malfunctions of the heating unit or a transport device.

[0404] In addition, future errors can also be detected both downstream and upstream of a sensor device.

[0405] In another preferred method, data characteristic of the process are output using a display device. For example, data on error sources, energy consumption, or the like can be output. The result of a final error check can also be output via the display device.

[0406] In a further preferred method, an automated or automatic cleaning and / or sterilization of a device of the system is carried out. This can be, in particular, the drying device and / or the cleaning device and / or the cooling device and / or the heating device.

[0407] This cleaning can preferably be carried out by applying a cleaning agent. In a preferred method, the cleaning agent is reprocessed. Particularly preferably, a cleaning operation is provided that is distinct from the operating mode of the system and in which said cleaning is carried out.

[0408] In a further preferred method, at least one energy conversion device converts a first energy form into a second energy form, wherein the first energy form is selected from a group of energy forms including solar energy, wind energy, and chemical energy. Particularly preferably, the second energy form is electrical energy or thermal energy.

[0409] This method proposes that the energy required for the plant be generated partially or completely by the said energy conversion devices.

[0410] For example, thermal energy generated in a solar thermal system can be used to evaporate water.

[0411] The electrical energy generated, for example, in a photovoltaic system can be fed to a process control system and / or a drive.

[0412] A preferred process involves biomass utilization. Furthermore, electrical energy can also be used for gasification. As mentioned above, a photovoltaic system is particularly preferred as the energy conversion device. This photovoltaic system is preferably cooled. Water can be used, which in turn is heated during the cooling process.

[0413] Preferably, hydrogen, methane, ethane, ethylene, or the like are produced during biomass utilization. Gasification of these substances is particularly preferred. Biomass can be mixed first, for example, so that the residues mentioned here are mixed with grass, straw, shrubs, and the like. Particularly preferred is an ideal mixing ratio for gasification.

[0414] Particularly preferably, the generated gases are purified, with several purification stages being provided. In a preferred process, gasification takes place by countercurrent gasification.

[0415] Furthermore, a control device for controlling the gasification process is preferably provided.

[0416] Further advantages and embodiments can be seen from the attached drawings:

[0417] Showing:

[0418] Fig. 1 is a representation of a system according to the invention;

[0419] Fig 2a, b representation of a transport device which causes compression;

[0420] Fig. 3 is a representation of a comminution device;

[0421] Fig. 4 is a representation of a heating device;

[0422] Fig. 5 is a representation of a cleaning device;

[0423] Fig. 6 shows a further illustration of a transport device;

[0424] Fig. 7 is a representation of a drying device;

[0425] Fig 8a, b a representation of a transport device in the form of a conveyor belt;

[0426] Fig. 9 shows a further illustration of a cleaning device;

[0427] Fig. 10 is a representation of a valve device;

[0428] Fig. 11 shows a further illustration of a transport device; Fig. 12 shows a processing unit for the final product;

[0429] Fig. 13 is a representation of a comminution device;

[0430] Fig. 14 shows a further illustration of a packaging device for a system according to the invention;

[0431] Fig. 15 shows a diagram for the detection and removal of foreign bodies; and

[0432] Fig. 16 a representation of the drum of the drying device.

[0433] Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a plant 1 according to the invention for the utilization of biological residues. A feed device 2 is provided, which is designed here as a screw conveyor, and which initially feeds the residues to a schematically shown cleaning device 3. In this cleaning device 3, the residues are cleaned and, preferably, some foreign objects, such as metallic objects, are also removed.

[0434] Reference numeral 500 denotes a cooling device, such as a cooling chamber, for cooling the leftovers. This allows the leftovers to be kept fresh longer.

[0435] From this cleaning device 3, the residues are transported by means of a further transport device 14. This transport device is preferably a conveyor belt. Cameras 145 can be provided in the area of ​​this conveyor belt to inspect the transported residues. In this area, automatic or manual sorting of foreign objects can be performed.

[0436] For this purpose, for example, a sorting device 146 can be provided, which ejects foreign objects, possibly also with a portion of the residue. However, this sorting device could also be designed as a robot, with a gripper arm of this robot being able to grasp and sort out individual foreign objects. Particularly preferably, this sorting device can be controlled depending on an image output by the image recording device or camera.

[0437] Preferably, a lighting device is also provided that illuminates the transported residues. The lighting device can illuminate the residues with both diffuse light and directed radiation. Continuous or pulsed lighting is possible.

[0438] In the area of ​​this transport device 14, partition walls running in the transport direction could also be provided, which facilitate the sorting out of foreign bodies.

[0439] Reference numeral 34 denotes a further transport device, also designed as a screw conveyor. This transports the residues to a heating device 4, where the residues are heated. A discharge device can also be integrated into this further transport device, which enables the discharge of foreign objects. For example, an opening could be provided in a wall below the conveyor screw of this transport device, through which a portion of the residues containing foreign objects can be ejected as needed.

[0440] The heating device 4 preferably has a cleaning device for cleaning an interior of the heating device. This cleaning device is preferably suitable for performing CIP (cleaning in place) cleaning of the cleaning device. This cleaning device can have a plurality of pipes, each of which is provided with spray heads that apply a cleaning agent to the interior walls of the heating device. This procedure allows for automatic cleaning of components of the heating device.

[0441] Reference numeral 6 denotes the transport device, which transports the heated residues to a comminution device 8. This transport device 6 both transports and compresses the heated residues. In this way, water can be squeezed out of the residues.

[0442] In the area in which the remains are transported in a highly compressed form, an X-ray monitoring device can be arranged to detect the presence of foreign bodies.

[0443] The first comminution device 8 commins the residues, as mentioned above, to particle sizes in a range of 10 mm.

[0444] In a further preferred embodiment, a further monitoring device is provided, which is suitable and intended to determine whether foreign bodies are still present in the residues in the area of ​​the heating device and / or the transport device 6. This monitoring device can preferably cause the first comminution device to be deactivated, which causes the issuance of a warning signal and / or the first comminution device to be deactivated if foreign bodies are found in the residues. In this way, damage to the first comminution device or wedging of foreign bodies in the first comminution device can be prevented.

[0445] It is possible that this shredding device has a control device.

[0446] A further transport device 62 transports the now shredded residues to a drying device 12. The residues are transported through this drying device 12 and dried on their way.

[0447] The reference numeral 260 schematically denotes a further cleaning device for cleaning an interior of the drying device 12. This further cleaning device can in turn have a line string 264 with a plurality of cleaning nozzles 266 in order to clean inner walls and / or the interior region of the drying device 12.

[0448] Reference numeral 262 denotes a reservoir for storing a cleaning agent.

[0449] In a further preferred embodiment, the plant comprises a treatment device for treating the waste water generated during the cleaning processes.

[0450] Reference numeral 150 denotes a recirculation device that allows steam generated during the drying process to be fed to the cleaning device 4. This steam can then be fed back into the heating process. Reference numeral 152 denotes a valve located in the connecting line 151. Reference numeral 158 denotes a heating device that heats the steam flowing in the connecting line as needed, and reference numeral 156 denotes a conveying unit for conveying the steam flowing in the connecting line.

[0451] Reference numeral 155 designates a branch in the connecting line through which water occurring in the line can be separated. Since this water also has a very high degree of purity, it can also be fed back into the process, for example, to the purification device 3 or an evaporation unit, which in turn evaporates this water.

[0452] After the drying device 12, the residues are fed to a second comminution device 16, a hammer mill. This second comminution device grinds the residues and thus produces the final product, in particular animal meal.

[0453] A monitoring device or other sensor suitable and intended to detect any remaining foreign bodies can also be provided upstream of this second shredding device. This second shredding device can also have a shutdown mechanism that shuts down the second shredding device upon the detection of foreign bodies.

[0454] Furthermore, this second comminution device preferably also has a cleaning device which advantageously effects automated self-cleaning of this second comminution device.

[0455] The reference number 18 designates in its entirety the packaging device which distributes the final product into packages.

[0456] Reference numeral 200 denotes a conversion device for converting biomass into fuels, for example into hydrogen or methane, or for converting biomass into electrical energy.

[0457] This conversion device preferably has a mixing device for mixing the residues in question with other biomass, in particular grass or straw. This mixture can be fed to a gasifier (not shown), which serves to gasify the biomass. A control device is preferably provided which controls the mixing ratio between the residues and the aforementioned additional biomass.

[0458] Reference numerals 82 and 86 denote boilers used to generate steam. These are preferably operated in alternating mode by a control device 84.

[0459] Reference numeral 124 denotes a centrifuge unit, which serves to centrifuge the residues, particularly before or after drying. In this way, additional products, particularly liquid foreign substances such as oil, can optionally be removed from the residues. This can improve the quality of the final product.

[0460] Reference numeral 400 denotes a central control device, which advantageously controls the system. This control device preferably processes the measurement results of a plurality of sensor devices, which, for example, detect machine conditions or ambient conditions such as temperatures, air pressures, or air humidity, or properties of the residues or the final product, such as their moisture content.

[0461] In a preferred embodiment, at least one drive of one of the transport devices, such as in particular a drive of a screw conveyor, also has a detection device for detecting characteristic variables such as occurring torques. These values ​​can also be used to control the system. For example, an increased torque indicates that there are foreign bodies in the transported material, or that it is too viscous for other reasons.

[0462] Sensors such as temperature gauges or humidity sensors can also be provided at numerous other locations in the system, such as in steam lines or fresh water lines.

[0463] In a further preferred embodiment, the central control device 400 has a storage device 402 which is suitable and intended to store at least some measured values ​​output by the individual sensor devices and preferably to store them over a longer period of time.

[0464] Preferably, the control device 400 also has a display device 401, via which process-related information can be output to the user of the system. For example, occurring errors can be displayed to the user.

[0465] If a fault occurs in one of the system components, such as residues or foreign bodies becoming jammed, the display device can indicate the location of the fault and / or the suspected type of fault to the user.

[0466] If, for example, a malfunction occurs in the area of ​​the transport device 34, such as jamming, this can be output to the user.

[0467] Preferably, the control device is suitable and intended to enable remote control and / or remote monitoring of the system. The control device preferably has a transmitting device 404, via which data can be output to a receiving device 406, such as a mobile radio device. In this way, error monitoring of the system can be carried out remotely.

[0468] Preferably, an evaluation device is also provided to evaluate this data. For example, it can be determined how a certain humidity or temperature of the ambient air affects the processing process or, for example, the drying of the residues.

[0469] This data can be used for further automation of the system. Individual system components, particularly the drive systems of individual transport devices, can be controlled accordingly.

[0470] This also allows for improved quality control of the residues or the product. However, individual units of the system can preferably be controlled independently of one another.

[0471] Since the material being conveyed is piece goods, it would be possible, for example, to temporarily operate the transport system at a lower transport speed, especially if the number of foreign bodies in the conveyed residues is higher than normal.

[0472] Artificial intelligence (AI) is preferably used to control the system. This can improve the control of individual drive devices based on a large amount of recorded data, such as measurements from individual sensors, over an extended period of time. This allows for further automation of the system.

[0473] Reference numeral 600 denotes an energy converter arrangement. As explained above, one or more energy converter devices may be present in an embodiment of the system 1 according to the invention.

[0474] Here, reference numeral 602 refers to a photovoltaic system that converts sunlight into electrical energy.

[0475] The reference number 604 denotes a solar thermal device which converts sunlight into thermal energy, in particular for heating water.

[0476] The device described here is preferably arranged in at least one, and preferably in a plurality of, building sections. The energy conversion devices described here can be arranged on the roofs of these building sections in order to achieve significant space savings.

[0477] The photovoltaic system preferably has a cooling device, in particular for electronic components. This cooling device can in particular be a water-powered cooling device.

[0478] It is possible that a cooling circuit for cooling water is provided. However, it would also be possible for cooling water to be passed through the photovoltaic system and heated in the process. This heating can also be used for the system, for example, as preheating for the steam generation system 82, 84.

[0479] Preferably, the energy converter devices also have sensor devices which determine specific parameters, such as temperatures, generated energies and the like.

[0480] Furthermore, numerous sensor devices are shown in Fig. 1. A first group of sensor devices 902, 904, 906, 908 refers to sensor devices that detect environmental parameters. More specifically, reference numeral 902 denotes a temperature sensor, reference numeral 904 a humidity sensor, reference numeral 906 a pressure sensor, and reference numeral 908 a sensor device that can detect air components, such as a nitrogen content or the like.

[0481] In addition, additional sensor devices can be provided, such as sensors that detect the intensity of solar radiation or sensors that can detect wind speed and / or wind direction. The signals from these sensors can be fed to the central control system.

[0482] Furthermore, a second group of sensor devices 920, 922, 924, 926, 928, 930 is provided. These are suitable and intended to detect properties of the residues and / or the product, such as a moisture content of the residues, a temperature of the residues (in various process steps, and the like).

[0483] For example, the moisture content of the residues can be measured before and after drying by the drying device. The temperature of the transported residues can also be measured before and after the heating device.

[0484] Additional sensor devices can also detect steam being fed into the heating system. In addition, values ​​from any existing energy conversion devices, such as the output power of a wind turbine or the output power of a photovoltaic system, can also be recorded.

[0485] Other values ​​that can be recorded include the acid content of liquids used for cleaning or the flow rate of cleaning liquid during a cleaning process.

[0486] These measured values ​​recorded by these sensor devices can also be forwarded to the control device 400.

[0487] Furthermore, a third group of sensor devices 940, 942, 944, 946, 948 is provided. These sensor devices determine values ​​that are characteristic of the individual devices of the system. For example, rotational speeds, rotational positions, or torques of the individual drive devices, such as drive motors, can be measured.

[0488] In addition, operating parameters of the individual devices can also be measured, such as the temperature or humidity prevailing in the drying device, or corresponding values ​​prevailing in the heating device or the cooling device. In addition, a rotational position or rotational speed of the drum 128 can also be recorded.

[0489] This third group of measured values ​​can also be fed to the central control device 400 and used for process control. As mentioned above, these values ​​can also be stored, particularly with a time assignment.

[0490] For example, several or all of the above-mentioned values ​​can be recorded at a specific time, thus providing a comprehensive record of the system's operating status.

[0491] It is possible to record these values ​​continuously, but it would also be possible to record them at intervals, such as every 5 minutes. Preferably, a comparison of recorded values ​​with stored values ​​or reference values ​​is also performed. Such a comparison can be used to determine the occurrence of errors, for example.

[0492] Figs. 2a and 2b show the above-mentioned transport device 6, which conveys the residues from the heating device to the first comminution device. It can be seen that this transport device has two shafts 64a and 64b with helical windings or flights 68a, b. This design is known per se and transports the product. The two helical windings 68a, b, which are formed on the shafts 64a, b, rotate in opposite directions here, thereby transporting the product from left to right.

[0493] Reference numerals 62a, b denote gear units that drive the two shafts. Reference numeral 60 denotes a motor for driving the two shafts. This motor can be a servomotor. This motor 60 has a motor controller, which thus also controls the rotational movement of the shafts. In addition, the motor 60 preferably also has a detection device for detecting a rotational position of an output shaft of the motor and thus also for detecting a rotational position of the two shafts 64a, 64b.

[0494] In a preferred embodiment, the motor also has a detection device for detecting the torque of this motor 60. The measured values ​​of this detection device can also be used to control the system. For example, a higher drive torque of the motor can be used to infer a higher viscosity of the conveyed material, i.e., the residue.

[0495] In addition, the transport device can also include a pressure measuring device that determines the pressure acting on the residues. This allows the degree of compression of the residues to be determined.

[0496] In addition, a sensor device can be provided that determines the degree of compression of the extracted residues. This can be done, for example, using an image recording device that takes images of the extracted material and uses these images to determine the degree of compression. X-ray images can also be taken at this point.

[0497] In a further preferred embodiment, a control device is provided which controls and in particular regulates the degree of compression taking into account a determined degree of compression.

[0498] For example, the transport device 14 can have through-holes through which the residues are pressed, and the cross-section of this through-hole can be variable to alter the degree of compression. The degree of compression can also preferably be varied by changing the rotational speed of the two shafts.

[0499] Furthermore, it is also possible to vary the amount of material transported by the transport device 14. Figure 2b shows a detailed view of the shafts. This shows a first section A of the two shafts, running in the longitudinal direction L, in which the flights 68a, b of both shafts 66a, b are helical in design and therefore provide conventional transport.

[0500] In addition, a section B can be seen, in which the upper table initially forms a groove 72, which interacts with a two-receiving notch 74 of the lower shaft. Accordingly, a recess 75 is provided in the upper shaft, which in turn interacts with a wall 73 of the lower shaft.

[0501] In this area, the residues are accumulated and thus compressed. A section C of the shafts contains a front section and a storage section at the end. This allows the product to be not only transported but also compressed.

[0502] Fig. 3 shows a representation of a comminution device. In particular, this is the second comminution device, which grinds the residues.

[0503] Reference numeral 261 indicates a housing of the comminution device 16, and reference numeral 262 indicates a rotor plate. Reference numeral 267 indicates a feed device for the residues, such as a feed nozzle. Reference numeral 263 denotes the outlet of the comminution device through which the ground residues can be discharged.

[0504] Reference numeral 264 denotes a central shaft, and reference numeral 265 denotes fastening elements. Reference numeral 266 denotes a support ring.

[0505] In the embodiment shown here, four hammers 268 are provided, which strike against a strike plate 269 to grind the product. Reference numeral 270 denotes a support, and reference numeral 271 denotes a fastening element.

[0506] Fig. 4 shows the heating device 4 or cooking device. Here, the residues are transported along the arrow P and, during this transport, exposed to saturated steam for heating. Reference numeral 42 denotes a transport device, such as a conveyor belt, on which the product is conveyed during its heating. The heating device 4 preferably has a housing made of a thermally insulating material.

[0507] In addition, application devices (not shown) such as nozzles are provided, which apply a medium, in particular saturated steam, to the residues. The residues are preferably applied from multiple directions.

[0508] By controlling the transport speed of the residues, the residence time of the residues in the heating device and thus also the degree of heating can be controlled.

[0509] The transport device preferably has at least one and preferably several temperature measuring devices that determine a temperature within the heating device and / or a temperature of the transported residues. The measured values ​​of these temperature measuring devices can also be used for process control. As mentioned above, the heating device can also have a microwave heating unit that applies microwaves to the residues in order to heat them.

[0510] Fig. 5 shows a representation of the cleaning device in which the residues 10 are cleaned, more precisely, in which they are exposed to fresh water. At the same time, foreign objects such as dirt, but also metallic objects and the like, can be separated out in this cleaning device.

[0511] The cleaning device here has several receiving chambers 36a, 36b, 36c, and 34 for receiving the residues. A cleaning agent, and in particular clear water, is supplied to the cleaning device 3 via an inlet 31.

[0512] Furthermore, several overflows 35a, 35b and 35c are provided, through which the water is directed into the next cleaning room.

[0513] Reference numeral 38 denotes a permeable base, which is nevertheless suitable for supporting the residues 10. Washed-off foreign bodies, such as washed-off dirt, can, however, pass through this base.

[0514] Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of a transport device for the residues. Here, a uniform conveyor screw 111 is provided, which here rotates within a trough or a pipe 117. The reference numeral 116 denotes a drive device, which in this case drives this shaft via a belt drive. This drive device can be a servo motor. Here, too, a control device for this drive device can be provided. In addition, sensor devices can also be provided, for example for detecting a rotational position of the conveyor screw or for detecting a torque of the drive device. The measured values ​​measured by these sensor devices can also be used to control the entire system, but also for controlling or regulating this transport device.

[0515] Reference numeral 112 denotes an end rod that serves to hold the shaft. This end rod 112 is connected to the worm gear in a rotationally fixed or integral manner.

[0516] Reference numeral 114 denotes an inlet opening through which the residues or, in general, the material is fed to the transport device 110. Reference numeral 113 denotes a flange. This can be used, in particular, to support the transport device.

[0517] Reference numeral 118 denotes an outlet opening for removing the residues from the transport device. Reference numeral 115 denotes a pipe or opening, which is located above the outlet opening 118. This makes it easier to eliminate malfunctions in the transport device.

[0518] Fig. 7 depicts a drying device 12 of the system according to the invention. This device comprises a rotatable drum, designated overall by 124. This drum is held and rotatably supported laterally by stationary mounts 131 and a stationary housing, respectively. The drum preferably has a thermally insulating material on its peripheral wall or is made of such a material. The peripheral wall can also be double-walled.

[0519] The reference numeral 122 denotes a feed opening through which the residues, which are moist but preferably already shredded, are introduced into the drum 124.

[0520] Reference numeral 126 designates a support ring arranged on the outer wall of the drum, which serves to support the drum 124. Reference numeral 127 designates an external toothing on the drum 124, which can be driven by a motor via a gear. The drive unit is designated overall by reference numeral 130 and has a drive motor 121. This drive motor is in particular an electric motor and is preferably designed as a DC motor, but can also be designed as an AC motor.

[0521] This drive motor 121 can also be a servomotor. Preferably, this drive motor 121 and the drying device in general also have at least one and preferably a plurality of sensor devices that can detect various measured values, such as a rotational position of the motor or the drum 124. This data can also be transmitted to the central control device 400 and used to control the entire system 1.

[0522] In the detailed view, one can see the gear 136, which meshes with the aforementioned external toothing 127 to drive the drum 124.

[0523] Reference numeral 125 indicates a connection point of the pipe. At this point, the pipe could be opened if necessary.

[0524] Reference numeral 128 denotes a larger opening, which is particularly designed as an inspection opening, and through which the user can access the interior of the drum 124. Reference numeral 129 denotes an end opening through which users can access the interior of the drum.

[0525] The reference number 135 denotes an outlet through which the dried material can be removed from the drum.

[0526] Reference numeral 123 denotes an outlet through which steam generated during the drying process can escape from the drum 124. Preferably, guide devices such as pipes are provided, which can, for example, direct this steam back to the heating unit, where the steam can be used to further heat the product or residues.

[0527] Particularly preferably, heating devices are arranged inside the drum 124, which heat the interior of the drum and thus achieve the drying effect. For example, an electrically operated heating device can be provided inside the drum 124. It would also be possible for the peripheral wall of the drum to be electrically heated.

[0528] Furthermore, spray heads or the like can be arranged inside the drum 124 to effect an automated cleaning and / or sterilization process. For example, a plurality of lines and branches can be provided inside the drum to enable the interior of the drum to be cleaned at predetermined intervals.

[0529] This enables so-called CIP (cleaning in place) and / or SIP (sterilization in place) cleaning. For this purpose, additional feed devices (not shown) can be provided, for example, in the end pieces of the drum to supply a cleaning medium or sterilization medium to the interior of the drum.

[0530] Such a cleaning device preferably comprises a plurality of units such as pumps and controllable valves. These can preferably also be controlled by the control device 400.

[0531] Particularly preferably, temperature measuring devices (not shown) are also provided, which, for example, measure a temperature inside the drum 124. This temperature can be used to control the drying device or other devices of the system. In addition, other sensor devices, such as humidity sensors and the like, can also be provided.

[0532] Figs. 8a and b show another conveyor belt suitable for transporting the leftovers. A drive device 162, here in the form of an electric motor, in particular a servomotor, is provided, which drives the conveyor belt 164 in rotation. Reference numeral 166 denotes side stops that prevent transported leftovers from falling off the conveyor belt. Particularly preferably, the transport device 160 is designed as a chain conveyor. This can preferably be a revolving plastic or Meta II chain.

[0533] Fig. 9 shows a further illustration of the cleaning device 3 shown above. Here, second receiving spaces 36a and 36b are again shown. Adjoining the end of the cleaning device is a transport device 39, which removes the cleaned residues from the cleaning device. This transport device is preferably a belt conveyor, which preferably conveys the residues in a straight line and / or upwards. Preferably, water can drip off the conveyed residues in the area of ​​this transport device.

[0534] In a preferred embodiment, a collection device is provided for collecting the water used for cleaning. Preferably, a treatment device is also provided for treating the water used for cleaning.

[0535] Fig. 10 ten shows a representation of a steam valve 44. This can be used in particular to separate liquid and in particular water from the steam emerging from the drying device.

[0536] Reference numeral 452 denotes a steam inlet through which steam can be supplied to the steam valve. Reference numeral 444 denotes a housing of the steam valve, on which a fastening means 442 is arranged. Reference numeral 448 denotes a shaft, in particular a hollow shaft, which is preferably rotatable within the housing. Reference numeral 450 denotes a pipe, in particular a siphon pipe, which serves to conduct condensate to an outlet 461 formed by a condensate pipe 460.

[0537] Reference numeral 466 denotes a first sealing device or primary sealing device for sealing the valve. A second sealing device or secondary sealing device 448 is also preferably provided.

[0538] The reference numeral 462 denotes a first, in particular, rotating guide device for guiding the rotational movement and the reference numeral 464 denotes a second, in particular, rotating guide device for guiding the rotational movement of the tube 50. Preferably, the first guide device 462 and the second guide device are arranged directly next to one another.

[0539] Reference numeral 446 denotes a spring device. A flange 454 is attached to the housing 444 by means of screw connections. The spring device is preferably supported against the flange.

[0540] Reference numeral 456 denotes a steam pipe, which also forms the inlet 452, and reference numeral 458 denotes a steam and condensate cap.

[0541] This steam valve preferably has at least one and preferably several sensor devices (not shown). For example, a temperature, a pressure, or a saturation level of the steam flowing through this valve can be measured. These values ​​can also be transmitted to the control device, which preferably also controls the device using these values.

[0542] Fig. 11 shows another illustration of a screw conveyor 390. This one also serves to convey the residues. This screw conveyor, in turn, has a drive motor 392, which is connected to a conveyor screw 396 via a coupling 394. Reference numeral 398 denotes a feed opening for introducing the residues into the screw conveyor. An advantage of this screw conveyor 390 is that it can be designed in great lengths, thus enabling the residues to be transported over comparatively long distances.

[0543] This drive motor 392 is preferably also a servo motor, and it is preferably also controllable by means of the control device. The drive motor can be a DC motor or an AC motor.

[0544] Fig. 12 shows a pneumatically operated transport device, in particular for transporting the product, i.e., the flour produced from the residues. This transport device 18 has a valve 190, which controls the supply of the residues into the transport device 18. This valve is preferably a controllable valve, and in particular a valve controllable by the control device 400.

[0545] A motor 195 drives a discharge unit 183 via a gear 199. Reference numeral 184 denotes a mixing unit. This is arranged via two connecting pieces between a pipe 182 and another pipe 185. The pipe 185 is preferably a flexible pipe and / or an aluminum pipe. Reference numeral 187 denotes a sensor device, which here serves to detect moisture (in particular of the product). This is advantageously a capacitive sensor. The measured values ​​of this measuring device can also be used for process control and / or transmitted to the central control device 400 (Fig. 1).

[0546] Reference numeral 188 thus designates a test area for checking the product. The measurement results from this test area are preferably used to control the transport device 18 or other system components. Reference numeral 186 designates a throttle.

[0547] Reference numeral 194 designates a separator, which is particularly designed as a cyclone separator. This separator can be used to separate dust residues, for example. Reference numeral 195 designates a receptacle or a collection container for collecting, for example, dust residues.

[0548] The reference numeral 192 denotes a suction device for sucking a gaseous medium, and in particular air, out of the cyclone separator 194.

[0549] Figure 13 shows a further illustration of a shredding unit 8. This unit has a drive motor 84, which is connected to a cutting unit 86 via a coupling 85. Reference numeral 88 denotes a feed opening through which a material, such as the residues in this case, can be fed to this shredding unit 8. Reference numeral 82 denotes a carrier for this shredding unit.

[0550] Preferably, this comminution device 8 also has a sensor device, for example, for measuring the drive torque of the drive motor 84, which is preferably also a servo motor. Depending on a measured value from this sensor device, the motor can be shut down, for example, to prevent damage to it. The drive motor 84 can also be a DC motor or an AC motor.

[0551] Such measured values ​​can also be transmitted to the control device 400, which can output corresponding warnings via its display device.

[0552] Fig. 14 shows a processing device 280, which serves to fill the product, ie, meat and bone meal. A plurality of receiving devices 290 are provided, which receive the product, ie, in particular, the meat and bone meal. Reference numeral 294 denotes a grid, which can serve as a filter.

[0553] The product is fed to a collection container 283 via a piping 296. Reference numeral 282 denotes an air purification unit. Reference numeral 290 denotes pockets that serve specifically to hold the product.

[0554] Reference numeral 281 denotes an extraction device that creates a negative pressure in the container 283. Dust is separated via an air lock 297, and the resulting dust is disposed of in a disposal point 295. Fig. 15 shows a schematic diagram illustrating the capture and removal of foreign bodies.

[0555] A transport device 160 is shown, which is designed here as a conveyor belt and which transports a plurality of residues 10 along a transport path T. Within these residues there is a foreign body 11. This foreign body is preferably a solid body.

[0556] An image recording device records at least one image of the residues 10 transported by the transport device. An illumination device 722 preferably illuminates the residues transported by the transport device.

[0557] However, it would also be possible for the image recording device to record image sequences or videos of the residues transported by the transport device.

[0558] Preferably, the image acquisition also determines a time of the image acquisition. Reference numeral 726 denotes an evaluation device that evaluates the image acquired by the image acquisition device. This evaluation device can preferably determine the type and position of the foreign body at the time of the image acquisition.

[0559] A processor device or position determining device 728 preferably determines the time at which the foreign body will be located in the area of ​​a diversion device 720.

[0560] This rejection device is preferably controlled in such a way that it rejects the foreign body when it passes the rejection device.

[0561] As mentioned above, the rejection device can preferentially push or blow out the foreign body from its transport path.

[0562] In a further preferred embodiment, a distribution device is provided along the transport path before the image capture, which distributes the residues across the transport surface of the transport device. For example, the residues can be applied to the transport device in a first width segment. The distribution device then distributes the residues across a larger width of the transport device, preferably across the entire width of the transport device, such as a conveyor belt.

[0563] This distribution device can, for example, comprise a comb-like element that temporarily moves transversely to the transport path, thus reducing the thickness of the residues lying on the conveyor belt. This makes it easier to locate foreign bodies.

[0564] Preferably, a tapering element can be provided after the discharge device, which narrows the residual flow again in the width direction, in particular perpendicular to the transport path.

[0565] Fig. 16 shows a schematic representation of the drum 124 of the drying device described above. This has a cylindrical outer wall 124a and a likewise cylindrical inner wall 124b. The outer wall 124a and the inner wall 124b are arranged concentrically with respect to each other and also with respect to the rotational axis of the drum 124.

[0566] A schematically illustrated insulating medium is arranged between the outer wall and the inner wall. Furthermore, the outer wall 124a and the inner wall 124b are preferably connected to one another by means of connecting elements 124d, such as connecting webs. These connecting elements 124d can be welded to the outer wall 124a and / or the inner wall 124b.

[0567] As mentioned above, the outer and / or inner walls can be made of stainless steel. However, the use of other materials, particularly those with low thermal conductivity, is also conceivable. Similarly, the housings of other units in the system can also be designed with double walls.

[0568] The applicant reserves the right to claim all features disclosed in the application documents as essential to the invention, provided they are novel, individually or in combination, over the prior art. It is further noted that the individual figures also describe features that may be advantageous in and of themselves. The skilled person will immediately recognize that a specific feature described in a figure may be advantageous even without adopting additional features from that figure. Furthermore, the skilled person will recognize that advantages may also arise from a combination of several features shown in individual or different figures.

Claims

Device and method for processing animal remains Patent claims 1. Plant (1) for the utilization of biological residues, in particular animal residues (10), comprising a feed device (2) by means of which the residues can be fed to the plant, a cleaning device for cleaning the residues, a heating device (4) for heating the residues (10), and a first comminution device (8) for comminuting the residues (10), which is arranged downstream of the heating device in a transport device for the residues (10), characterized in that a first transport device (6) is provided between the heating device (4) and the comminution device (8), which first transport device is suitable and intended for transporting the residues (10) from the heating device (4) to the comminution device (8), wherein this transport device (6) is preferably designed such that, in addition to transporting the residues (10), it also compresses the residues (10).

2. Plant (1) for the utilization of biological residues, in particular animal residues (10), with a feed device (2) by means of which the residues (10) can be fed to the plant (1), with a cleaning device (3) for cleaning the residues (10), a heating device (4) for heating the residues (10), and a first comminution device (8) for comminuting the residues (10), which is arranged in a transport device for the residues (10) downstream of the heating device (4), wherein the plant has at least one transport device for transporting the residues (10), characterized in that the plant has a detection device (700) which is suitable and intended for detecting foreign bodies located in the residues and at least one discharge device (720) which is suitable and intended for discharge at least a portion of these foreign bodies in the product flow of the residues.

3. Plant (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the plant (1) has a drying device (12) for drying the residues (10) and this drying device (12) is preferably arranged in the transport direction of the residues after the first comminution device (8), wherein particularly preferably the drying device has a transport device which conveys the residues (10) through a drying zone of the drying device.

4. Plant (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first transport device (6) is designed as a screw conveyor.

5. Plant (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating device (4) has an application device which is suitable for to apply a flowable medium and in particular steam to the residues and / or the heating device (4) has a transport device which transports the residues (10) through a heating region of the heating device.

6. Plant (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plant has a packaging device which feeds the product produced in the plant into packaging units.

7. Plant (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plant has a further transport device which feeds the residues (10) to the heating device and this transport device (14) is preferably designed as a conveyor belt.

8. Plant (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first comminution device is designed as a granulate crusher.

9. Plant (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (1) has a second comminution device for comminuting the residues, wherein this second comminution device is preferably arranged downstream of the drying device in the transport direction of the residues.

10. Plant (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plant has a centrifuge device to centrifuge the residues.

11. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the detection device (700) has at least one image recording device (145) which is suitable for recording at least one image of the residues (10) transported by the transport device and / or the plant has an evaluation device which evaluates images recorded by the detection device in order to determine at least one value characteristic of a foreign body, wherein this value is preferably selected from a group of values which contains an outline of the foreign body, a density of the foreign body, a position of the foreign body and the like.

12. Plant (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transport device is designed as a conveyor belt or conveyor screw and preferably a motor drive device is provided which drives this conveyor belt or this conveyor screw.

13. Method (1) for the utilization of biological residues, in particular animal residues (10), wherein a feeding device (2) to the system the residues are fed, and a cleaning device cleans the residues, and a heating device (4) heats the residues (10), and a first comminution device (8) commins the residues (10), wherein the first comminution device is arranged in a transport device for the residues (10) downstream of the heating device, characterized in that a first transport device (6) is provided between the heating device (4) and the comminution device (8), which transport device (6) transports the residues (10) from the heating device (4) to the comminution device (8), wherein this transport device (6) preferably also brings about a compression of the residues (10) in addition to the transport of the residues (10).

14. A method for utilizing biological residues (10), in particular animal residues (10), wherein a feeding device (2) feeds the residues (10) to the plant (1), a cleaning device (3) cleans the residues (10), and a heating device (4) heats the residues, wherein in a transport direction of the residues (10), downstream of the heating device, a drying device dries the residues (10), and a transport device is provided which transports the residues from the heating device to the drying device, and wherein at least one first comminution device commins the residues (10).

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that a cooling device cools the residues (10), in particular before the feeding device feeds the residues to the cleaning device and / or the residues (10) are compressed and in particular are compressed before the residues are fed to the drying device.

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