Overcurrent protection device and power supply

Abstract

The present application provides an overcurrent protection device and a power supply. The overcurrent protection device comprises an energy storage circuit, a voltage divider and comparator circuit, and a switch circuit; the energy storage circuit provides an induced voltage on the basis of an induced current in a coupling device; a voltage divider circuit divides the induced voltage to obtain a comparison voltage; a comparator circuit turns on when the comparison voltage is greater than or equal to a conduction threshold, and outputs a conduction voltage; on the basis of the conduction voltage, the switch circuit enables the energy storage circuit to be electrically connected to an ignition disconnection module, so that an ignition current is generated in an ignition circuit to detonate an explosive to drive a cutting component to move to cut off a disconnection section, thus disconnecting a power supply from a load. By means of the present application, the current magnitude in a bus is sensed by the coupling device; when the current in the bus is excessively high, the energy storage circuit is connected to the ignition disconnection module, so that the ignition disconnection module disconnects the power supply from the load; the present application has high reliability, a simple structure, low cost and strong applicability.

Description

Overcurrent protection device and power supply

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application with application number 202410232023.9 ​​filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on February 29, 2024, and priority to the Chinese patent application with the invention name “Overcurrent protection device and power supply”, all contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of power electronics technology, and in particular to an overcurrent protection device and a power supply. Background Art

[0003] In the field of power electronics technology, a power source (such as a photovoltaic module, an energy storage battery or a power battery, etc.) is usually used to power a load (such as a local electrical device or a power grid, etc.). In such a power supply system, the power source is connected to the load through a busbar. In addition to the power source, an overcurrent protection device is generally provided. The overcurrent protection device can sense the busbar current. When there is a fault between the power source and the load, resulting in an excessive current on the busbar, the overcurrent protection device can disconnect the electrical connection between the power source and the load to ensure power supply safety. In the prior art, fuses or explosive igniters are usually used as overcurrent protection devices to protect the power source. However, the effective time of circuit breakers and fuses is long, and they cannot disconnect the electrical connection between the power source and the load in time. The control time is long, and the protection blind area is large, and the applicability is low. Some traditional explosive igniters require an external power supply to provide the ignition current. When the external power supply fails, the electrical connection between the power source and the load cannot be disconnected in time, resulting in poor reliability. Other traditional explosive igniters require an induction coil to sense the change of bus current in the bus. When the bus current is too large, another induction coil is connected to the explosive igniter to provide ignition current. They have low integration and high design cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides an overcurrent protection device and power supply, which can sense the current size in the busbar through a coupling device. When the current in the busbar is too large, the electrical connection between the energy storage circuit and the ignition disconnecting module is turned on, so that an ignition current is generated in the ignition circuit to cause the gunpowder explosion to drive the cutting component to move and cut off the disconnecting section on the busbar, thereby disconnecting the electrical connection between the power supply and the load. It has high reliability, simple structure, low cost and strong applicability.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides an overcurrent protection device, which may include an energy storage circuit, a voltage divider comparison circuit, and a switching circuit. The energy storage circuit may be connected to a coupling device disposed on a busbar. The coupling device may be configured to generate an induced current when the busbar current changes. The busbar is connected between a power source and a load. The energy storage circuit may be connected to a switching circuit via a voltage divider comparison circuit. The switching circuit may be configured to connect to an ignition disconnect module. The ignition disconnect module may include an ignition circuit, a disconnect component, and a disconnect interval. The ignition circuit includes an explosive. The disconnect interval is disposed on the busbar. The ignition circuit is connected to the disconnect interval via the disconnect component. The energy storage circuit may be configured to provide an induced voltage to the voltage divider comparison circuit based on the induced current in the coupling device. The voltage divider comparison circuit may include a voltage divider circuit and a comparison circuit. The voltage divider circuit may be configured to divide the induced voltage to obtain a comparison voltage. The comparison circuit may be configured to turn on when the comparison voltage is greater than or equal to a conduction threshold of the comparison circuit and output a conduction voltage greater than or equal to the conduction threshold of the switch circuit. The switching circuit here can be used to conduct the electrical connection between the energy storage circuit and the ignition disconnecting module based on the conduction voltage, so that an ignition current is generated in the ignition circuit to cause the gunpowder explosion to drive the disconnecting component to move, thereby cutting off the disconnecting interval and disconnecting the power supply and the load.

[0006] It can be understood that the power supply in the power supply system can transmit electrical energy to the load. For example, the energy storage battery in a pure energy storage power supply system can transmit electrical energy to the electrical equipment, or the power battery in the power supply system of a new energy vehicle can transmit electrical energy to the drive circuit, etc. When an electrical fault occurs between the power supply and the load, such as a short circuit in the connecting line between the power supply and the load, the power supply system may cause the cable line to overheat and overheat due to the short circuit, resulting in a fire risk, or even cause thermal runaway of the power supply, causing safety accidents such as fire and explosion. In order to prevent the electrical fault of the power supply system from affecting the power supply or load, it is necessary to quickly cut off the fault circuit between the power supply and the load to ensure the power safety of the power supply system. In this application, the overcurrent protection device can be connected to the coupling device and the ignition disconnect module. Here, the coupling device is arranged on the bus and can generate an induced current when the magnitude of the bus current changes. The ignition disconnect module may include an ignition circuit, a disconnect component and a disconnect interval. The ignition circuit has gunpowder, and the disconnect interval can be arranged on the bus. Here, the magnitude of the bus current can also be understood as the current value of the bus between the power supply and the load. It is understood that when the current value of the busbar between the power supply and the load changes, a corresponding induced current will be generated in the coupling device. At the same time, the energy storage circuit can provide an induced voltage to the voltage divider comparison circuit based on the induced current. Here, the voltage divider comparison circuit may include a voltage divider circuit and a comparison circuit. It is further understood that when a fault occurs in the power supply system, resulting in an excessive current value in the busbar between the power supply and the load, an excessive induced current will be generated in the coupling device. The energy storage circuit can provide a large induced voltage based on the induced current. The voltage divider circuit divides the induced voltage to obtain a comparison voltage. When the comparison voltage is greater than or equal to the conduction threshold of the comparison circuit, the comparison circuit is turned on. At this time, the comparison circuit can output a conduction voltage greater than or equal to the conduction threshold of the switching circuit, so that the switching circuit conducts the electrical connection between the energy storage circuit and the ignition disconnect module based on the conduction voltage, thereby generating an ignition current in the ignition circuit to cause the explosion of the gunpowder to drive the disconnection component to move, thereby cutting off the disconnection section arranged on the busbar, thereby disconnecting the power supply and the load. Since the coupling device is used to sense the size of the bus current in this application, and the coupling device is reused to drive the ignition disconnect module to generate ignition current and disconnect the power supply and load when the bus current is too large, the structure is simpler and the reliability is higher.

[0007] By adopting the present application, the current size in the busbar can be sensed by the coupling device. When the current in the busbar is too large, the electrical connection between the energy storage circuit and the ignition disconnecting module is turned on, so that an ignition current is generated in the ignition circuit to cause the gunpowder explosion to drive the cutting component to move and cut off the disconnecting section on the busbar, thereby disconnecting the electrical connection between the power supply and the load. It has high reliability, simple structure, low cost and strong applicability.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in a first possible implementation, the voltage divider circuit may include a first voltage divider and a second voltage divider. The first and second voltage dividers may be connected in series and then in parallel across the energy storage circuit to share the induced voltage provided by the energy storage circuit; the first voltage divider is used to obtain a comparison voltage after voltage division. The comparison circuit may include a first switching device and a first protective resistor. The first switching device may include a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode. The first electrode of the first switching device may be connected to the first protective resistor and the second electrode of the first switching circuit, respectively, for connection in parallel with the voltage divider circuit. The third electrode of the first switching device may be connected between the first and second voltage dividers. Here, the conduction threshold of the comparison circuit is the conduction voltage between the third electrode and the second electrode of the first switching device. The first switching device may be a device with a switching function, such as a transistor, and may turn on when the voltage between the corresponding terminals exceeds the conduction threshold and turn off when the voltage between the corresponding terminals is less than the conduction threshold. Here, when the comparison voltage is greater than or equal to the conduction voltage between the third electrode and the second electrode of the first switching device, the first switching device turns on and outputs a conduction voltage greater than or equal to the conduction threshold of the switching circuit. It can be understood that the voltage divider circuit can divide the induced voltage provided by the energy storage circuit to obtain a comparison voltage and then transmit it to the first switching device. The comparison voltage can be adjusted by adjusting the ratio of the equivalent impedance of the first voltage divider device and the second voltage divider device respectively, so that the comparison voltage matches the conduction threshold corresponding to the first switching device in different application scenarios, thereby improving the applicability of the overcurrent protection device.

[0009] In combination with the first possible implementation of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation, the voltage divider circuit may further include a delay device, and the delay device is connected in parallel to both ends of the first voltage divider device. The first voltage divider device here can be used to divide the induced voltage, and charge the delay device with the divided induced voltage to obtain a comparison voltage through the delay device. It can be understood that the voltage divider circuit can divide the induced voltage provided by the energy storage circuit and charge the delay device, and then obtain the comparison voltage through the delay device, which can delay the action time of the comparison circuit, avoid the induced voltage of the energy storage circuit being too large when the load end is overloaded for a short time, and cause a misjudgment, while improving the power supply safety, ensuring the normal energy supply of the system, and having strong applicability.

[0010] In combination with the second possible implementation of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation, the first voltage divider device and the second voltage divider device may both include voltage divider resistors, and the delay device may include a delay capacitor. It has a simple structure, high integration, flexible device selection, and strong applicability.

[0011] In combination with the second or third possible implementation of the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation, the voltage divider comparison circuit may further include a feedback circuit, the feedback circuit may be connected to the voltage divider circuit and the comparison circuit respectively, and the comparison circuit may be connected to the switch circuit through the feedback circuit. The feedback circuit here is used to turn on when the turn-on voltage output by the comparison circuit is greater than or equal to the turn-on threshold of the feedback circuit, so as to output the turn-on voltage to the switch circuit, and charge the delay device to maintain the comparison voltage greater than or equal to the turn-on voltage of the comparison circuit. Here, when the turn-on voltage output by the comparison circuit is greater than or equal to the turn-on threshold of the feedback circuit, the feedback circuit can be turned on to output the turn-on voltage to the switch circuit, and at the same time, the feedback circuit can charge the delay capacitor to increase the comparison voltage to maintain the comparison voltage greater than or equal to the turn-on voltage of the comparison circuit, thereby increasing the discharge depth of the energy storage circuit, and can reduce the volume of the energy storage circuit while improving the energy utilization efficiency, thereby improving the integration of the energy storage circuit.

[0012] In conjunction with the fourth possible implementation of the first aspect, in a fifth possible implementation, the feedback circuit includes a second switching device, a second protective resistor, and a third protective resistor. The second switching device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode. The second electrode of the second switching device is connected to the first electrode of the first switching device via the first protective resistor. The third electrode of the second switching device is connected to the first electrode of the first switching device via the second protective resistor. The first electrode of the second switching device is connected to the switching circuit and to the delay device via the third protective resistor. Here, the conduction threshold of the feedback circuit is the conduction voltage between the third electrode and the second electrode of the second switching device. The second switching device here can be a device with a switching function, such as a transistor, and can be turned on when the voltage between the corresponding ports exceeds the conduction threshold and turned off when the voltage between the corresponding ports is less than the conduction threshold. Here, when the conduction voltage output by the comparison circuit is greater than or equal to the conduction voltage between the third electrode and the second electrode of the second switching device, the second switching device is turned on to output the conduction voltage to the switching circuit and charge the delay device. It can be understood that the second switching device here can output a turn-on voltage to the switching circuit when it is turned on, and at the same time charge the delay device to maintain the comparison voltage greater than or equal to the turn-on voltage of the comparison circuit, thereby increasing the discharge depth of the energy storage circuit, and can reduce the volume of the energy storage circuit while improving the energy utilization efficiency and improving the integration of the energy storage circuit.

[0013] In combination with the fourth possible implementation of the first aspect, in a sixth possible implementation, the feedback circuit includes a second switching device, a second protection resistor, a third protection resistor, and a fourth protection resistor. The second switching device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode. The second electrode of the second switching device is connected to the first electrode of the first switching device via the first protection resistor. The third electrode of the second switching device is connected to the first electrode of the first switching device via the third protection resistor. The first electrode of the second switching device is connected to the switching circuit and to the delay device via the fourth protection resistor. At the same time, the first electrode of the second switching device is connected to the second electrode of the first switching device via the second protection resistor. Here, the turn-on threshold of the feedback circuit is the turn-on voltage between the third electrode and the second electrode of the second switching device.

[0014] In combination with the first aspect or any possible embodiment of the first aspect, in a seventh possible embodiment, the energy storage circuit may include a rectifier circuit and an energy storage device, the rectifier circuit may be used to connect to a coupling device on a bus, and the energy storage device may be connected to the rectifier circuit. The rectifier circuit here may be used to rectify the induced current in the coupling device and transmit the rectified induced current to the energy storage device to increase the induced voltage. Here, the rectifier circuit may be a circuit with a rectification function, such as a half-bridge rectifier circuit or a full-bridge rectifier circuit. When the current in the bus changes, the induced current in the coupling device can be rectified by the rectifier circuit and then flow to the energy storage device, thereby increasing the induced voltage of the energy storage device. This has a simple structure and strong applicability.

[0015] In combination with the seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in an eighth possible implementation manner, the energy storage device may include an energy storage capacitor, and the device selection is flexible and common and has strong applicability.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect or any possible embodiment of the first aspect, in a ninth possible embodiment, the overcurrent protection device may include a coupling device, which may be arranged on a busbar and connected to an energy storage circuit. Here, the coupling device may be integrated into the overcurrent protection device and connected to the energy storage circuit. The coupling device may be a coupling coil or other element or functional circuit capable of sensing current in the busbar. The coupling device may be arranged on either the positive or negative busbar, and is suitable for power supply systems where no coupling device is originally arranged on the busbar. It has a simple structure and strong applicability.

[0017] In combination with the first aspect or any possible embodiment of the first aspect, in a tenth possible embodiment, the overcurrent protection device may include an ignition disconnecting module, the ignition disconnecting module may include an ignition circuit, a disconnecting component and a disconnecting interval, the disconnecting interval is arranged on the bus, and the ignition circuit can be connected to the disconnecting interval through the disconnecting component. Here, the ignition disconnecting module can be integrated into the overcurrent protection device, and the disconnecting interval is arranged on the bus and connected to the bus. The ignition circuit has gunpowder, which can generate an ignition current and detonate the gunpowder when the switching circuit turns on the energy storage circuit and the ignition circuit to form an ignition path, thereby providing kinetic energy for the disconnecting component to drive the disconnecting component to move. Here, the disconnecting component can be composed of an insulating material with high hardness and strong toughness, and the disconnecting interval can be a conductor material that is easy to be interrupted, such as a copper busbar, and the disconnecting interval can be arranged between any bus in the positive bus or the negative bus, for example, any bus is broken into left and right ends, and the disconnecting interval is arranged in the middle of this bus. When an ignition current is generated in the ignition circuit and an explosion occurs, the kinetic energy generated by the explosion can push the cutting component to cut off the disconnecting interval, that is, disconnect the busbar connected to the disconnecting interval. The structure is simple and the effective time is fast. It can quickly disconnect the electrical connection between the power supply and the load, thereby improving the safety of the system.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect or any possible embodiment of the first aspect, in an eleventh possible embodiment, the ignition circuit may include an ignition device and gunpowder. The ignition device may be configured to generate heat through an ignition current, causing the gunpowder to explode and drive the cutting component to move. Here, the ignition circuit may be an ignition device consisting of a resistance wire and gunpowder, or it may be another component or functional circuit with ignition and explosion functions. When the switching circuit connects the energy storage circuit and the ignition circuit to form an ignition path, the resistance wire can ignite the gunpowder based on the heat generated by the ignition current, thereby driving the cutting component to cut off the disconnection zone and disconnect the power supply and load. This simple structure and high applicability are achieved.

[0019] In a second aspect, the present application provides an overcurrent protection power supply, which may include a power supply and the overcurrent protection device in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0020] In the present application, the overcurrent protection device can be connected to a coupling device and an ignition disconnect module. Here, the coupling device is arranged on the busbar and can generate an induced current when the busbar current changes. The ignition disconnect module can include an ignition circuit, a disconnect component, and a disconnect section. The ignition circuit has an explosive, and the disconnect section can be arranged on the busbar. Here, the busbar current can also be understood as the current value of the busbar between the power supply and the load. It is understood that when the current value of the busbar between the power supply and the load changes, a corresponding induced current is generated in the coupling device. Simultaneously, the energy storage circuit can provide an induced voltage to the voltage divider comparison circuit based on the induced current. Here, the voltage divider comparison circuit can include a voltage divider circuit and a comparison circuit. It is further understood that if a power supply system fault occurs, resulting in an excessive current value in the busbar between the power supply and the load, an excessive induced current will be generated in the coupling device. The energy storage circuit can provide a large induced voltage based on the induced current. The voltage divider circuit divides the induced voltage to obtain a comparison voltage. When the comparison voltage is greater than or equal to the conduction threshold of the comparison circuit, the comparison circuit turns on. At this point, the comparison circuit can output a turn-on voltage greater than or equal to the turn-on threshold of the switch circuit, causing the switch circuit to conduct the electrical connection between the energy storage circuit and the ignition disconnect module based on the turn-on voltage, thereby generating an ignition current in the ignition circuit, causing the gunpowder to explode and drive the disconnect component to move, thereby severing the disconnect interval arranged on the busbar, thereby disconnecting the power supply and the load. Because the present application utilizes a coupling device to sense the magnitude of the busbar current and reuses the coupling device to drive the ignition disconnect module to generate the ignition current and disconnect the power supply and the load when the busbar current is excessive, the structure is simpler and the reliability is higher.

[0021] By adopting the present application, the current size in the busbar can be sensed by the coupling device. When the current in the busbar is too large, the electrical connection between the energy storage circuit and the ignition disconnecting module is turned on, so that an ignition current is generated in the ignition circuit to cause the gunpowder explosion to drive the cutting component to move and cut off the disconnecting section on the busbar, thereby disconnecting the electrical connection between the power supply and the load. It has high reliability, simple structure, low cost and strong applicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an overcurrent protection device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of an overcurrent protection device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] FIG3 is another structural diagram of the overcurrent protection device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] FIG4 is another structural diagram of the overcurrent protection device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] FIG5 is another schematic structural diagram of the overcurrent protection device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] FIG6 is another schematic structural diagram of the overcurrent protection device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] FIG7 is another structural diagram of the overcurrent protection device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of an overcurrent protection power supply provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] FIG9 is another schematic diagram of the structure of the overcurrent protection power supply provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The overcurrent protection device provided in this application can be applied to various application fields such as the field of new energy power generation, the field of uninterruptible power supply, the field of new energy vehicle power supply, etc., and the specific application can be determined according to the actual application scenario, and no limitation is made here. The overcurrent protection power supply provided in this application can be applied to different scenarios such as large-scale photovoltaic power stations, industrial and commercial photovoltaic power supply, household energy storage power supply, pure energy storage power supply, new energy vehicle power supply, etc., and no limitation is made here. The following will take the pure energy storage power supply environment and the new energy vehicle power supply environment as examples of the application scenarios of the power converter for explanation, and will not be repeated below.

[0032] Please refer to Figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of the application scenario of the overcurrent protection device provided in an embodiment of the present application. The overcurrent protection device 1 provided in the present application is suitable for a power supply system. As shown in Figure 1, the power supply system may include a power supply 2, a busbar, an overcurrent protection device 1 and a load 3. Here, the busbar can connect the power supply 2 and the load 3, and the power supply 2 can transmit electrical energy to the load 3. When an electrical fault occurs between the power supply 2 and the load 3, for example, a short circuit occurs in the connecting line between the power supply 2 and the load 3, the power supply system may cause the cable line to overheat and overheat due to the short circuit, resulting in a fire risk, and may even cause thermal runaway of the power supply, causing safety accidents such as fire and explosion. In order to prevent the electrical fault of the power supply system from affecting the power supply 2 or the load 3, it is necessary to quickly cut off the fault circuit between the power supply 2 and the load 3 to ensure the power safety of the power supply system. Here, the power supply 2 can be a power source that can output electrical energy, such as a photovoltaic component, an energy storage battery, a power battery, etc.

[0033] It can be understood that the power supply 2 provided in the present application is suitable for powering base station equipment in remote areas where there is no mains power or the mains power is poor through a busbar connected to the load 3, or for powering various types of electrical equipment such as household appliances, or for powering new energy vehicles. The specific application scenario can be determined according to the actual application scenario and is not limited here.

[0034] It is further understood that load 3 may include power-consuming devices such as transmission lines, power transfer stations, communication base stations, or household appliances, or power-consuming devices such as status detection equipment or power equipment for new energy vehicles. In general, when the load end is an AC load, load 3 may also include an inverter or power converter preceding the AC load. In some feasible embodiments, load 3 may also transmit electrical energy to power source 2. For example, the power grid may charge the energy storage battery, and the charging station may also charge the power battery.

[0035] It is understandable that when an electrical fault occurs between the power supply 2 and the load 3, such as a short circuit in the connecting line between the power supply 2 and the load 3, the power supply system may cause the cable line to overheat and overheat due to the short circuit, resulting in a fire risk, and may even cause thermal runaway of the power supply, resulting in safety accidents such as fire and explosion. In order to prevent the electrical fault of the power supply system from affecting the power supply 2 or the load 3, it is necessary to quickly cut off the fault circuit between the power supply 2 and the load 3 to ensure the power safety of the power supply system. It is understandable that for a pure energy storage power supply system, the power supply circuit of the power supply system may be the power supply circuit between the power supply 2 and the load 3, and cutting off the power supply circuit of the power supply system may refer to disconnecting the electrical connection between the power supply 2 and the load 3, such as disconnecting the busbar between the power supply 2 and the load 3, which will not be repeated below. That is to say, when a fault occurs in the power supply system, timely disconnecting the power supply circuit can ensure the power safety of the power supply 2 and the load 3. This application only takes the working mode of the overcurrent protection device 1 in a pure energy storage power supply system as an example to introduce the overcurrent protection device 1 provided in this application. It is understandable that the overcurrent protection device 1 and the overcurrent protection power supply provided in this application can also be applied to other types of power supply systems, which will not be repeated below.

[0036] Please refer to Figure 2, which is a structural diagram of the overcurrent protection device provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 2, the overcurrent protection device 1 may include an energy storage circuit 10, a voltage divider comparison circuit 20 and a switch circuit 30. Here, the energy storage circuit 10 can be used to connect a coupling device 5 arranged on the busbar, and the coupling device 5 can be used to generate an induced current when the magnitude of the busbar current changes. The busbar is connected between the power supply 2 and the load 3. The energy storage circuit 10 can be connected to the switch circuit 30 through the voltage divider comparison circuit 20, and the switch circuit 30 can be used to connect to the ignition disconnect module. Here, the ignition disconnect module includes an ignition circuit 401, a disconnect component 402 and a disconnect interval 403. The ignition circuit 401 has gunpowder, and the disconnect interval 403 is arranged on the busbar. The ignition circuit 401 is connected to the disconnect interval 403 through the disconnect component. The energy storage circuit 10 here can be used to provide an induced voltage to the voltage divider comparison circuit 20 based on the induced current in the coupling device 5. The voltage divider comparison circuit 20 may include a voltage divider circuit 201 and a comparison circuit 202. The voltage divider circuit 201 may be configured to divide the induced voltage to obtain a comparison voltage. The comparison circuit 202 may be configured to turn on when the comparison voltage is greater than or equal to the turn-on threshold of the comparison circuit 202, and output a turn-on voltage greater than or equal to the turn-on threshold of the switch circuit 30. The switch circuit 30 may be configured to establish an electrical connection between the energy storage circuit 10 and the ignition disconnect module based on the turn-on voltage, thereby generating an ignition current in the ignition circuit 401, causing the explosive to explode and drive the disconnection component to move, thereby disconnecting the disconnection interval 403 and thereby disconnecting the power supply 2 from the load 3.

[0037] In the present application, the overcurrent protection device 1 can be connected to the coupling device 5 and the ignition disconnect module. Here, the coupling device 5 is arranged on the bus and can generate an induced current when the magnitude of the bus current changes. The ignition disconnect module may include an ignition circuit 401, a cutting component 402 and a disconnect interval 403, the ignition circuit 401 has gunpowder, and the disconnect interval 403 can be arranged on the bus. Here, the magnitude of the bus current can also be understood as the current value of the bus between the power supply 2 and the load 3. It can be understood that when the current value of the bus between the power supply 2 and the load 3 changes, a corresponding induced current will be generated in the coupling device 5. At the same time, the energy storage circuit 10 can provide an induced voltage to the voltage divider comparison circuit 20 based on the induced current. Here, the voltage divider comparison circuit 20 may include a voltage divider circuit 201 and a comparison circuit 202.

[0038] It can be further understood that when a power supply system failure occurs, resulting in an excessive current value in the busbar between power supply 2 and load 3, an excessively large induced current will be generated in coupling device 5. The energy storage circuit 10 can provide a large induced voltage based on the induced current, and the voltage divider circuit 201 divides the induced voltage to obtain a comparison voltage. When the comparison voltage is greater than or equal to the conduction threshold of the comparison circuit 202, the comparison circuit 202 is turned on. At this time, the comparison circuit 202 can output a conduction voltage greater than or equal to the conduction threshold of the switch circuit 30, causing the switch circuit 30 to conduct the electrical connection between the energy storage circuit 10 and the ignition disconnect module based on the conduction voltage, thereby generating an ignition current in the ignition circuit 401, causing the explosive explosion to drive the disconnection component to move, thereby disconnecting the disconnection section 403 arranged on the busbar, thereby disconnecting the power supply 2 and load 3. Because the coupling device 5 is used to sense the magnitude of the busbar current in the present application, and when the busbar current is excessive, the coupling device 5 is reused to drive the ignition disconnect module to generate an ignition current and disconnect the power supply 2 and load 3, the structure is simpler and the reliability is higher.

[0039] By adopting the present application, the current size in the busbar can be sensed by the coupling device 5. When the current in the busbar is too large, the electrical connection between the energy storage circuit 10 and the ignition disconnecting module is turned on, so that an ignition current is generated in the ignition circuit 401 to cause the gunpowder explosion to drive the cutting component to move and cut off the disconnecting section 403 on the busbar, thereby disconnecting the electrical connection between the power supply 2 and the load 3. It has high reliability, simple structure, low cost and strong applicability.

[0040] In some feasible embodiments, the coupling device 5 can be integrated into the overcurrent protection device 1. For details, please refer to Figure 2, which is a structural schematic diagram of the overcurrent protection device provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 2, the coupling device 5 can be a coupling coil L1 or other element or functional circuit that can sense the current in the bus. The coupling device 5 can be integrated into the overcurrent protection device 1 and connected to the energy storage circuit 10. Specifically, when the coupling device 5 includes a coupling coil L1, it can be arranged on either the positive bus or the negative bus; when the coupling device 5 includes multiple coupling coils L1, the multiple coupling coils can be arranged on the positive bus and the negative bus respectively. Integrating the coupling device 5 into the overcurrent protection device 1 can be applicable to power supply systems where the coupling device 5 is not originally arranged on the bus, and has a simple structure and strong applicability. Here, for convenience of expression, a coupling coil L1 is used to represent the coupling device 5. The specific components and layout position of the coupling device 5 are not limited in this application and can be determined according to the application scenario. No further details will be given below.

[0041] In some feasible embodiments, the ignition disconnect module 40 can be integrated into the overcurrent protection device 1. Please refer to Figure 2 again. The ignition disconnect module 40 may include an ignition circuit 401, a disconnect component 402, and a disconnect interval 403. The disconnect interval 403 is arranged on the busbar, and the ignition circuit 401 can be connected to the disconnect interval 403 via the disconnect component. Here, the ignition disconnect module 40 can be integrated into the overcurrent protection device 1, and the disconnect interval 403 is arranged on the busbar and connected to the busbar. The ignition circuit 401 contains gunpowder, which can generate an ignition current and ignite the gunpowder when the switch circuit 30 conducts the energy storage circuit 10 and the ignition circuit 401 to form an ignition path, thereby providing kinetic energy for the disconnect component to drive the disconnect component to move. Here, the disconnecting component can be composed of a high-hardness and high-toughness insulating material, and the disconnecting section 403 can be a conductive material that is easily interrupted, such as a copper busbar. The disconnecting section 403 can be arranged between either the positive busbar or the negative busbar. For example, one busbar can be split into left and right ends, and the disconnecting section 403 can be arranged in the middle of this busbar. When an ignition current is generated in the ignition circuit 401 and an explosion occurs, the kinetic energy generated by the explosion can propel the disconnecting component, which in turn severing the disconnecting section 403, thereby disconnecting the busbar to which the disconnecting section 403 is connected. This simple structure and fast activation time can quickly disconnect the electrical connection between the power source 2 and the load 3, thereby improving system safety.

[0042] It can be understood that the present application does not limit the specific components and internal circuit division of the ignition disconnect module 40. The functional circuits, cutting components and disconnect intervals with ignition explosion in the ignition disconnect module 40 can be combined into internal circuits according to the application scenario to perform the functions of the ignition disconnect module 40, which will not be repeated below.

[0043] In some feasible embodiments, the ignition circuit 401 may include an ignition device and gunpowder. The ignition device can be used to generate heat through the ignition current, causing the gunpowder to explode and drive the cutting component to move. Here, the ignition circuit 401 can be an ignition device composed of a resistance wire and gunpowder, or it can be other components or functional circuits with ignition and explosion functions. When the switch circuit 30 conducts electricity to the energy storage circuit 10 and the ignition circuit 401 to form an ignition path, the resistance wire can use the heat generated by the ignition current to detonate the gunpowder, thereby driving the cutting component to cut off the disconnection zone 403, thereby disconnecting the power source 2 and the load 3. This simple structure and strong applicability.

[0044] In some feasible embodiments, as shown in FIG2 , the ignition disconnect module 40 can also be connected to an external drive power supply, namely, the two ports V+ and V- in FIG2 . Here, the upper-level controller or other control circuit can actively power the ignition disconnect module 40 through the external drive power supply, actively disconnect the connection between the power supply 2 and the load 3, and enhance the applicability of the system. At the same time, a diode D5 and a diode D6 can be arranged between the port of the external drive power supply and the voltage divider comparison circuit 20 to prevent the electric energy of the external drive power supply from flowing back into the overcurrent protection device 1. The specific setting can be based on the application scenario and will not be repeated below.

[0045] In some feasible embodiments, the energy storage circuit 10 may include a rectifier circuit and an energy storage device. In some feasible embodiments, the energy storage device may include an energy storage capacitor, and the device selection is flexible and common, and has strong applicability. For the convenience of description, the working principle of the energy storage device will be introduced hereinafter using the energy storage capacitor C1 as an example. As shown in Figure 2, here, the energy storage circuit 10 may include a rectifier circuit and an energy storage capacitor C1. The rectifier circuit can be used to connect the coupling coil L1 on the busbar, and the energy storage capacitor C1 can be connected to the rectifier circuit and the voltage divider comparison circuit 20. The rectifier circuit here can be used to rectify the induced current in the coupling coil L1 and transmit the rectified induced current to the energy storage capacitor C1 to store the electric energy generated by the induced current through the energy storage capacitor C1. Here, the rectifier circuit can be a half-bridge rectifier circuit composed of a diode D1 and a diode D2, or a full-bridge rectifier circuit composed of a diode D1, a diode D2, a diode D3 and a diode D4, or other circuits with a rectification function. When the current in the busbar changes, the induced current in the coupling coil L1 can be rectified by the rectifier circuit and then flow to the energy storage capacitor C1, thereby increasing the voltage of the energy storage capacitor C1. The structure is simple and the applicability is strong.

[0046] In some feasible embodiments, the voltage divider circuit 201 may include a first voltage divider device and a second voltage divider device, and the comparison circuit 202 may include a first switch device and a first protective resistor. In some feasible embodiments, both the first voltage divider device and the second voltage divider device may include a voltage divider resistor, which allows for flexible and common device selection and strong applicability. For details, please refer to Figure 3, which is another structural schematic diagram of the overcurrent protection device provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 3, the first voltage divider device and the second voltage divider device can be connected in series and then in parallel at both ends of the energy storage circuit 10 to jointly share the induced voltage provided by the energy storage circuit 10; the first voltage divider device is used to obtain a comparison voltage after voltage division. The comparison circuit 202 may include a first switch device and a first protective resistor R3. The first switch device may include a first pole, a second pole, and a third pole. The first pole of the first switch device may be connected to the first protective resistor and the second pole of the first switch circuit 30, respectively, for parallel connection with the voltage divider circuit 201. The third pole of the first switch device may be connected between the first voltage divider device and the second voltage divider device. Here, the conduction threshold of the comparison circuit 202 is the conduction voltage between the third pole and the second pole of the first switch device. Here, when the comparison voltage is greater than or equal to the turn-on voltage between the third and second electrodes of the first switching device, the first switching device is turned on and outputs a turn-on voltage greater than or equal to the turn-on threshold of the switching circuit 30 .

[0047] It can be understood that the voltage divider circuit 201 can divide the induced voltage provided by the energy storage circuit 10 to obtain a comparison voltage and then transmit it to the first switching device. The comparison voltage can be adjusted by adjusting the ratio of the equivalent impedance of the first voltage divider device and the second voltage divider device respectively, so that the comparison voltage matches the conduction threshold corresponding to the first switching device in different application scenarios, thereby improving the applicability of the overcurrent protection device 1.

[0048] In some feasible embodiments, the voltage divider circuit 201 may further include a delay device, which is connected in parallel to both ends of the first voltage divider device. The first voltage divider device here can be used to divide the induced voltage and charge the delay device through the divided induced voltage to obtain a comparison voltage through the delay device. It can be understood that the voltage divider circuit 201 can divide the induced voltage provided by the energy storage circuit 10 to charge the delay device, and then obtain the comparison voltage through the delay device, which can delay the action time of the comparison circuit 202, avoiding the induced voltage of the energy storage circuit 10 being too large and causing misjudgment when the load 3 end is overloaded for a short time, while improving the power supply safety, ensuring the normal energy supply of the system, and having strong applicability.

[0049] Specifically, the first switching device here can be a device with a switching function such as a transistor, which can be turned on when the voltage between the corresponding ports exceeds the conduction threshold and turned off when the voltage between the corresponding ports is less than the conduction threshold. For the convenience of description, the working principle of the first switching device is described here using the transistor Q1 as an example. In some feasible embodiments, the delay device may include a delay capacitor. The device selection is flexible and common, and has strong applicability. For the convenience of description, the working principle of the delay device is described hereafter using the delay capacitor C2 as an example. Please refer to Figure 3 again. The first voltage divider device includes a voltage divider resistor R2. The delay capacitor C2 can be connected in parallel with the voltage divider resistor R2. The switching circuit 30 can include a MOS transistor Q3. Here, the transistor Q1 can be an NPN transistor. The collector of the transistor Q1 can serve as the first pole of the first switching device, the emitter of the transistor Q1 can serve as the second pole of the first switching device, and the base of the transistor Q1 can serve as the third pole of the first switching device. That is, the collector of transistor Q1 can be connected to the first protection resistor R3, and then connected in parallel with the emitter of transistor Q1 to the voltage divider circuit. The base of transistor Q1 can be connected between the voltage divider resistor R1 and the voltage divider resistor R2. The MOS transistor Q3 can be a PMOS transistor, and the gate of MOS transistor Q3 can serve as a control electrode connected to the collector of transistor Q1 and the first protection resistor R3. When the comparison voltage across the delay capacitor C2 is greater than or equal to the conduction threshold of transistor Q1, that is, the voltage between the base and emitter of transistor Q1 is greater than or equal to the conduction threshold of transistor Q1, transistor Q1 turns on and outputs the conduction voltage to the switch circuit 30, thereby increasing the voltage difference between the gate and source of MOS transistor Q3 and turning on MOS transistor Q3. After the MOS tube Q3 is turned on, the ignition path formed by the coupling coil L1, the energy storage circuit 10, the switch circuit 30 and the ignition disconnect module 40 is turned on. An ignition current can be formed in the ignition disconnect module 40, disconnecting the electrical connection between the power supply 2 and the load 3.

[0050] In some feasible embodiments, the first voltage divider device includes a voltage divider resistor R1, and the delay capacitor C2 can be connected in parallel with the voltage divider resistor R1. Please refer to Figure 4 for details. Figure 4 is another structural schematic diagram of the overcurrent protection device provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 4, the comparison circuit 202 may include a transistor Q1 and a first protection resistor R3, and the switch circuit 30 may include a MOS transistor Q3 and a protection resistor R0. Here, the transistor Q1 can be a PNP type transistor, the collector of the transistor Q1 can serve as the first pole of the first switching device, the emitter of the transistor Q1 can serve as the second pole of the first switching device, and the base of the transistor Q1 can serve as the third pole of the first switching device. In other words, the collector of the transistor Q1 can be connected to the first protection resistor R3, and the emitter of the transistor Q1 can be used to be connected in parallel with the voltage divider circuit respectively, and the base of the transistor Q1 can be connected between the first voltage divider device and the second voltage divider device. MOS transistor Q3 can be an NMOS transistor. The gate of MOS transistor Q3 can serve as a control electrode, connected to the collector of transistor Q1 and first protection resistor R3 via protection resistor R0. When the comparison voltage across delay capacitor C2 is greater than or equal to the operating voltage threshold, the voltage between the base and emitter of transistor Q1 increases, causing transistor Q1 to conduct, outputting a conduction voltage to switch circuit 30. This in turn increases the voltage at the gate of MOS transistor Q3, turning on MOS transistor Q3. When MOS transistor Q3 is turned on, the ignition path formed by coupling coil L1, energy storage circuit 10, switch circuit 30, and ignition disconnect module 40 is connected. Ignition current can flow in ignition disconnect module 40, disconnecting the electrical connection between power supply 2 and load 3.

[0051] It can be understood that the delay capacitor C2 here can be connected in parallel with different voltage-dividing resistors. Accordingly, the transistor Q1 and the MOS transistor Q3 can adopt different models based on the specific connection relationship. Correspondingly, the different ports of the transistor Q1 and the MOS transistor Q3 can also be set as the poles of the first switching device and the control poles of the switching circuit 30 respectively. It can be set based on the specific application scenario, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0052] In the overcurrent protection device provided in the present application, the voltage divider comparison circuit 20 may further include a feedback circuit. Please refer to Figure 5, which is another structural diagram of the overcurrent protection device provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 5, the feedback circuit 203 can be connected to the voltage divider circuit 201 and the comparison circuit 202 respectively, and the comparison circuit 202 can be connected to the switch circuit 30 through the feedback circuit 203. The feedback circuit 203 here is used to turn on when the turn-on voltage output by the comparison circuit 202 is greater than or equal to the turn-on threshold of the feedback circuit 203, so as to output the turn-on voltage to the switch circuit 30 and charge the delay device to maintain the comparison voltage greater than or equal to the turn-on voltage of the comparison circuit 202. Here, when the turn-on voltage output by the comparison circuit 202 is greater than or equal to the turn-on threshold of the feedback circuit 203, the feedback circuit 203 can be turned on to output the turn-on voltage to the switch circuit 30. At the same time, the feedback circuit 203 can charge the delay capacitor to increase the comparison voltage to maintain the comparison voltage greater than or equal to the turn-on voltage of the comparison circuit 202, thereby increasing the discharge depth of the energy storage circuit 10. While improving energy utilization efficiency, it is possible to reduce the volume of the energy storage circuit 10 and improve the integration of the energy storage circuit 10. For example, when the energy storage circuit 10 includes the energy storage capacitor C1, due to the increase in the discharge depth of the energy storage capacitor C1, the device model of the energy storage capacitor C1 can be reduced. That is, when the power consumption of the overcurrent protection device 1 is the same, a smaller energy storage capacitor C1 can be selected, thereby reducing the volume of the energy storage circuit 10 and improving the integration.

[0053] In some feasible embodiments, the feedback circuit 203 may include a second switching device, a second protection resistor R4, and a third protection resistor R5. The second switching device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode. The second electrode of the second switching device is connected to the first electrode of the first switching device via the first protection resistor R3. The third electrode of the second switching device is connected to the first electrode of the first switching device via the second protection resistor R4. The first electrode of the second switching device is connected to the switching circuit 30 and to the delay device via the third protection resistor R5. The turn-on threshold of the feedback circuit 203 is the turn-on voltage between the third electrode and the second electrode of the second switching device. Here, when the turn-on voltage output by the comparison circuit 202 is greater than or equal to the turn-on voltage between the third electrode and the second electrode of the second switching device, the second switching device is turned on to output the turn-on voltage to the switching circuit 30 and charge the delay device. It can be understood that the second switching device here can output a turn-on voltage to the switching circuit 30 when turned on, and at the same time charge the delay device to maintain the comparison voltage greater than or equal to the turn-on voltage of the comparison circuit 202, thereby increasing the discharge depth of the energy storage circuit 10, and can reduce the volume of the energy storage circuit 10 while improving the energy utilization efficiency, thereby improving the integration of the energy storage circuit 10.

[0054] Specifically, the second switching device here can be a device with a switching function, such as a transistor, which can be turned on when the voltage between the corresponding ports exceeds the conduction threshold and turned off when the voltage between the corresponding ports is less than the conduction threshold. For ease of description, the operating principle of the second switching device is described here using transistor Q2 as an example. Referring again to Figure 5, transistor Q2 can be a PNP transistor. The collector of transistor Q2 can serve as the first electrode of the second switching device, the emitter of transistor Q2 can serve as the second electrode of the second switching device, and the base of transistor Q2 can serve as the third electrode of the second switching device. In other words, the collector of transistor Q2 can be connected to the switching circuit 30 and to the delay capacitor C2 via the third protection resistor R5. The emitter of transistor Q2 can be connected to the collector of transistor Q1 via the first protection resistor R3, and the base of transistor Q2 can be connected to the collector of transistor Q1 via the second protection resistor R4. Here, MOS transistor Q3 can be an NMOS transistor, and the gate of MOS transistor Q3 can serve as the control electrode connected to the collector of transistor Q2. When the comparison voltage across delay capacitor C2 is greater than or equal to the turn-on voltage of transistor Q1, the base voltage of transistor Q1 increases and turns on, outputting a turn-on voltage greater than the turn-on threshold of transistor Q2 to feedback circuit 203. This increases the voltage between the base and emitter of transistor Q2, turning on transistor Q2. After transistor Q2 turns on, it can output a turn-on voltage to switch circuit 30, thereby increasing the voltage at the gate of MOS transistor Q3 and turning on MOS transistor Q3. Simultaneously, transistor Q2 can continue to charge delay capacitor C2 through protective resistor R5, thereby increasing the discharge depth of energy storage capacitor C1. When MOS transistor Q3 turns on, the ignition path formed by coupling coil L1, energy storage circuit 10, switch circuit 30, and ignition disconnect module 40 becomes conductive. Ignition current can flow in ignition disconnect module 40, disconnecting the electrical connection between power supply 2 and load 3.

[0055] In some feasible embodiments, the switch circuit 30 may include multiple MOS transistors. For details, please refer to FIG. 6 , which is another schematic diagram of the structure of the overcurrent protection device provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 6 , the switch circuit 30 may also include a MOS transistor Q4. Here, the MOS transistor Q3 may be an NMOS transistor, and the MOS transistor Q4 may be a PMOS transistor. The gate of the MOS transistor Q3 may serve as a control electrode connected to the collector of the transistor Q2 and the protection resistor R0, and the gate of the MOS transistor Q4 may serve as a control electrode connected to the collector of the transistor Q1. When the comparison voltage across the delay capacitor C2 is greater than or equal to the action voltage threshold, the base voltage of the transistor Q1 increases and turns on, outputting a control signal to the feedback circuit 203. The control signal may increase the voltage between the source and gate of the MOS transistor Q4, causing the MOS transistor Q4 to turn on; at the same time, the control signal may increase the voltage between the base and emitter of the transistor Q2, turning on the transistor Q2. After transistor Q2 is turned on, it outputs a turn-on voltage to switch circuit 30, thereby increasing the voltage at the gate of MOS transistor Q3 and turning on MOS transistor Q3. Simultaneously, transistor Q2 can continue to charge delay capacitor C2 through protective resistor R5, thereby increasing the discharge depth of energy storage capacitor C1. When MOS transistors Q3 and Q4 are turned on, the ignition path formed by coupling coil L1, energy storage circuit 10, switch circuit 30, and ignition disconnect module 40 is connected. Ignition current can flow in ignition disconnect module 40, disconnecting the electrical connection between power supply 2 and load 3.

[0056] It can be understood that the switching circuit 30 here can include multiple MOS tubes, and the MOS tubes can adopt different models based on the specific connection relationship. The different ports of each MOS tube Q3 can also be used as the control electrode of the switching circuit 30 accordingly. It can be set based on the specific application scenario, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0057] In some feasible embodiments, the feedback circuit may include a second switching device, a second protection resistor R4, a third protection resistor R5, and a fourth protection resistor R6. The second switching device includes a first pole, a second pole, and a third pole. The second pole of the second switching device is connected to the first pole of the first switching device through the first protection resistor R3, the third pole of the second switching device is connected to the first pole of the first switching device through the third protection resistor R5, the first pole of the second switching device is connected to the switching circuit and connected to the delay device through the fourth protection resistor R6, and the first pole of the second switching device is connected to the second pole of the first switching device through the second protection resistor R4. Here, the conduction threshold of the feedback circuit is the conduction voltage between the third pole and the second pole of the second switching device. For convenience of description, the working principle of the second switching device is described here using transistor Q2 as an example. For details, please refer to Figure 7, which is another structural schematic diagram of the overcurrent protection device provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG7 , transistor Q1 can be a PNP transistor, transistor Q2 can be an NPN transistor, the collector of transistor Q2 can serve as the first electrode of the second switching device, the emitter of transistor Q2 can serve as the second electrode of the second switching device, and the base of transistor Q2 can serve as the third electrode of the second switching device. In other words, the collector of transistor Q2 can be connected to the switching circuit 30 and connected to the delay capacitor C2 via the fourth protection resistor R6. At the same time, the collector of transistor Q2 can be connected to the emitter of transistor Q1 via the second protection resistor R4, the emitter of transistor Q2 can be connected to the collector of transistor Q1 via the first protection resistor R3, and the base of transistor Q2 can be connected to the collector of transistor Q1 via the third protection resistor R5. Here, the switching circuit 30 can include a MOS transistor Q3, which can be a PMOS transistor. The gate of MOS transistor Q3 can serve as a control electrode connected to the collector of transistor Q2. When the comparison voltage across delay capacitor C2 is greater than or equal to the turn-on voltage of transistor Q1, the voltage difference between the base and collector of transistor Q1 increases, causing transistor Q1 to conduct. This voltage, which is greater than the turn-on threshold of transistor Q2, is then output to feedback circuit 203, thereby increasing the base voltage of transistor Q2 and turning on transistor Q2. After transistor Q2 is turned on, it can output a turn-on voltage to switch circuit 30, thereby increasing the voltage difference between the gate and source of MOS transistor Q3 and turning on MOS transistor Q3. Simultaneously, transistor Q2 can continue to charge delay capacitor C2 through protective resistor R6, thereby increasing the discharge depth of energy storage capacitor C1. After MOS transistor Q3 is turned on, the ignition path formed by coupling coil L1, energy storage circuit 10, switch circuit 30, and ignition disconnect module 40 is effectively connected. Ignition current can flow in ignition disconnect module 40, disconnecting the electrical connection between power supply 2 and load 3.

[0058] It can be understood that the delay capacitor C2 here can be connected in parallel with different voltage-dividing resistors. Accordingly, the transistor Q1, the transistor Q2 and the MOS tube Q3 can adopt different models based on the specific connection relationship. Accordingly, the different ports of the transistor Q1 can be set as the poles of the first switching device, the different ports of the transistor Q2 can be set as the poles of the second switching device, and the different ports of the MOS tube Q3 can be set as the control poles of the switching circuit 30. The specific setting can be based on the application scenario, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0059] In some feasible embodiments, the switch circuit 30 may include multiple MOS transistors. Referring again to FIG. 7 , the switch circuit 30 may also include a MOS transistor Q4. Here, the MOS transistor Q3 may be a PMOS transistor, and the MOS transistor Q4 may be an NMOS transistor. The gate of the MOS transistor Q3 may serve as a control electrode, connected to the base of the transistor Q1 via the protective resistor R0. The gate of the MOS transistor Q4 may serve as a control electrode, connected to the emitter of the transistor Q1. When the comparison voltage across the delay capacitor C2 is greater than or equal to the action voltage threshold, the voltage difference between the base and collector of the transistor Q1 increases, causing the transistor Q1 to turn on and output a control signal to the feedback circuit 203. The control signal may increase the voltage at the gate of the MOS transistor Q4, turning on the transistor Q4. Simultaneously, the control signal may increase the voltage at the base of the transistor Q2, turning on the transistor Q2. After the transistor Q2 turns on, it may output a turn-on voltage to the switch circuit 30, thereby increasing the voltage difference between the source and gate of the MOS transistor Q3 and turning on the MOS transistor Q3. At the same time, transistor Q2 can continue to charge delay capacitor C2 through protective resistor R6, thereby increasing the discharge depth of energy storage capacitor C1. When MOS transistors Q3 and Q4 are turned on, the ignition path formed by coupling coil L1, energy storage circuit 10, switch circuit 30, and ignition disconnect module 40 is connected. Ignition current can flow through ignition disconnect module 40, disconnecting the electrical connection between power supply 2 and load 3.

[0060] The present application also provides an overcurrent protection power supply, which may include a power supply and an overcurrent protection device as shown in any of the feasible embodiments of Figures 1-7. Specifically, please refer to Figure 8, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of the overcurrent protection power supply provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 8, the overcurrent protection power supply 1000 may include a power supply 2 and an overcurrent protection device 1. The overcurrent protection device 1 includes an energy storage circuit 10, a voltage divider comparison circuit 20, and a switching circuit 30.

[0061] In the present application, the overcurrent protection power supply 1000 can be connected to the coupling device 5 and the ignition disconnect module 40. Here, the coupling device 5 is arranged on the bus and can generate an induced current when the magnitude of the bus current changes. The ignition disconnect module may include an ignition circuit 401, a cutting component 402 and a disconnect interval 403, the ignition circuit 401 has gunpowder, and the disconnect interval 403 can be arranged on the bus. Here, the magnitude of the bus current can also be understood as the current value of the bus between the power supply 2 and the load 3. It can be understood that when the current value of the bus between the power supply 2 and the load 3 changes, a corresponding induced current will be generated in the coupling device 5. At the same time, the energy storage circuit 10 can provide an induced voltage to the voltage divider comparison circuit 20 based on the induced current. Here, the voltage divider comparison circuit 20 may include a voltage divider circuit 201 and a comparison circuit 202. It can be further understood that when a power supply system failure occurs, resulting in an excessive current value in the busbar between power supply 2 and load 3, an excessively large induced current will be generated in coupling device 5. The energy storage circuit 10 can provide a large induced voltage based on the induced current, and the voltage divider circuit 201 divides the induced voltage to obtain a comparison voltage. When the comparison voltage is greater than or equal to the conduction threshold of the comparison circuit 202, the comparison circuit 202 is turned on. At this time, the comparison circuit 202 can output a conduction voltage greater than or equal to the conduction threshold of the switch circuit 30, causing the switch circuit 30 to conduct the electrical connection between the energy storage circuit 10 and the ignition disconnect module based on the conduction voltage, thereby generating an ignition current in the ignition circuit 401, causing the explosive explosion to drive the disconnection component to move, thereby disconnecting the disconnection section 403 arranged on the busbar, thereby disconnecting the power supply 2 and load 3. Because the coupling device 5 is used to sense the magnitude of the busbar current in the present application, and when the busbar current is excessive, the coupling device 5 is reused to drive the ignition disconnect module to generate an ignition current and disconnect the power supply 2 and load 3, the structure is simpler and the reliability is higher.

[0062] By adopting the present application, the current size in the busbar can be sensed by the coupling device 5. When the current in the busbar is too large, the electrical connection between the energy storage circuit 10 and the ignition disconnect module 40 is turned on, and the electric energy generated by the induced current in the coupling device 5 is used to ignite and disconnect the electrical connection between the power supply and the load 3. It has high reliability, simple structure, low cost and strong applicability.

[0063] In some feasible embodiments, the coupling device 5 can be integrated into the overcurrent protection device 1. For details, please refer to Figure 9, which is another schematic diagram of the structure of the overcurrent protection power supply provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 9, the coupling device 5 can be a coupling coil L1 or other element or functional circuit that can sense the current in the busbar. The coupling device 5 can be integrated into the overcurrent protection device 1 and connected to the energy storage circuit 10. Specifically, when the coupling device 5 includes a coupling coil L1, it can be arranged on either the positive busbar or the negative busbar; when the coupling device 5 includes multiple coupling coils L1, the multiple coupling coils can be arranged on the positive busbar and the negative busbar respectively. Integrating the coupling device 5 into the overcurrent protection device 1 can be applicable to power supply systems where the coupling device 5 is not originally arranged on the busbar, and has a simple structure and strong applicability. Here, for convenience of description, a coupling coil L1 is used to represent the coupling device 5. The specific components and layout location of the coupling device 5 are not limited in this application and can be determined according to the application scenario. The following will not be repeated.

[0064] In some feasible embodiments, the ignition disconnect module 40 can be integrated into the overcurrent protection device 1. Please refer to Figure 9 again. The ignition disconnect module 40 may include an ignition circuit 401, a disconnect component 402, and a disconnect interval 403. The disconnect interval 403 is arranged on the busbar, and the ignition circuit 401 can be connected to the disconnect interval 403 through the disconnect component. Here, the ignition disconnect module 40 can be integrated into the overcurrent protection device 1, and the disconnect interval 403 is arranged on the busbar and connected to the busbar. The ignition circuit 401 contains gunpowder, which can generate an ignition current and ignite the gunpowder when the switch circuit 30 conducts the energy storage circuit 10 and the ignition circuit 401 to form an ignition path, thereby providing kinetic energy for the disconnect component to drive the disconnect component to move. Here, the disconnecting component can be composed of a high-hardness and high-toughness insulating material, and the disconnecting section 403 can be a conductive material that is easily interrupted, such as a copper busbar. The disconnecting section 403 can be arranged between either the positive busbar or the negative busbar. For example, one busbar can be split into left and right ends, and the disconnecting section 403 can be arranged in the middle of this busbar. When an ignition current is generated in the ignition circuit 401 and an explosion occurs, the kinetic energy generated by the explosion can propel the disconnecting component, which in turn severing the disconnecting section 403, thereby disconnecting the busbar to which the disconnecting section 403 is connected. This simple structure and fast activation time can quickly disconnect the electrical connection between the power source 2 and the load 3, thereby improving system safety.

[0065] It can be understood that the present application does not limit the specific components and internal circuit division of the ignition disconnect module 40. The functional circuits, cutting components and disconnect intervals with ignition explosion in the ignition disconnect module 40 can be combined into internal circuits according to the application scenario to perform the functions of the ignition disconnect module 40, which will not be repeated below.

[0066] In the present application, the current size in the busbar can be sensed by a coupling device. When the current in the busbar is too large, the electrical connection between the energy storage circuit and the ignition disconnecting module is turned on, so that an ignition current is generated in the ignition circuit to cause the gunpowder explosion to drive the cutting component to move and cut off the disconnecting interval on the busbar, thereby disconnecting the electrical connection between the power supply and the load. It has high reliability, simple structure, low cost and strong applicability.

[0067] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. An overcurrent protection device, characterized in that: The overcurrent protection device includes an energy storage circuit, a voltage division comparison circuit, and a switch circuit. The energy storage circuit is used to connect to a coupling device arranged on a busbar. The coupling device is used to generate an induced current when the magnitude of the busbar current changes. The busbar is connected between a power supply and a load. The energy storage circuit is connected to the switch circuit via the voltage division comparison circuit. The switch circuit is used to connect to an ignition disconnect module. The ignition disconnect module includes an ignition circuit, a disconnect component, and a disconnect interval. The ignition circuit has gunpowder. The disconnect interval is arranged on the busbar. The ignition circuit is connected to the disconnect interval via the disconnect component. The energy storage circuit is used to provide an induced voltage to the voltage division comparison circuit based on the induced current in the coupling device; The voltage divider comparison circuit includes a voltage divider circuit and a comparison circuit; The voltage divider circuit is used to divide the induced voltage to obtain a comparison voltage; The comparison circuit is configured to be turned on when the comparison voltage is greater than or equal to a turn-on threshold of the comparison circuit, and output a turn-on voltage greater than or equal to the turn-on threshold of the switch circuit; The switching circuit is used to conduct the electrical connection between the energy storage circuit and the ignition disconnecting module based on the conduction voltage, so that an ignition current is generated in the ignition circuit to cause the gunpowder to explode and drive the disconnecting component to move, so as to cut off the disconnecting interval, thereby disconnecting the power supply and the load.

2. The overcurrent protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage dividing circuit includes a first voltage dividing device and a second voltage dividing device; The first voltage divider and the second voltage divider are connected in series and in parallel to the two ends of the energy storage circuit to jointly share the induced voltage provided by the energy storage circuit; the first voltage divider is used to obtain a comparison voltage after voltage division; The comparison circuit includes a first switching device and a first protection resistor, the first switching device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode, the first electrode of the first switching device being connected to the first protection resistor and the second electrode of the first switching circuit being respectively connected in parallel with the voltage divider circuit, and the third electrode of the first switching device being connected between the first voltage divider and the second voltage divider; The conduction threshold of the comparison circuit is a conduction voltage between the third electrode and the second electrode of the first switching device.

3. The overcurrent protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The voltage divider circuit further includes a delay device, and the delay device is connected in parallel to both ends of the first voltage divider device; The first voltage divider is used to divide the induced voltage and charge the delay device through the divided induced voltage, so as to obtain the comparison voltage through the delay device.

4. The overcurrent protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first voltage divider device and the second voltage divider device both include voltage divider resistors, and the delay device includes a delay capacitor.

5. The overcurrent protection device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The voltage divider comparison circuit further includes a feedback circuit, wherein the feedback circuit is connected to the voltage divider circuit and the comparison circuit respectively, and the comparison circuit is connected to the switch circuit via the feedback circuit; The feedback circuit is used to turn on when the on-voltage output by the comparison circuit is greater than or equal to the on-threshold of the feedback circuit, so as to output the on-voltage to the switching circuit and charge the delay device to maintain the comparison voltage greater than or equal to the on-voltage of the comparison circuit.

6. The overcurrent protection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The feedback circuit includes a second switching device, a second protection resistor, and a third protection resistor. The second switching device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode. The second electrode of the second switching device is connected to the first electrode of the first switching device via the first protection resistor. The third electrode of the second switching device is connected to the first electrode of the first switching device via the second protection resistor. The first electrode of the second switching device is connected to the switching circuit and connected to the delay device via the third protection resistor. The conduction threshold of the feedback circuit is a conduction voltage between the third electrode and the second electrode of the second switching device.

7. The overcurrent protection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The feedback circuit includes a second switching device, a second protection resistor, a third protection resistor, and a fourth protection resistor. The second switching device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode. The second electrode of the second switching device is connected to the first electrode of the first switching device via the first protection resistor. The third electrode of the second switching device is connected to the first electrode of the first switching device via the third protection resistor. The first electrode of the second switching device is connected to the switching circuit and to the delay device via the fourth protection resistor. Meanwhile, the first electrode of the second switching device is connected to the second electrode of the first switching device via the second protection resistor. The conduction threshold of the feedback circuit is a conduction voltage between the third electrode and the second electrode of the second switching device.

8. The overcurrent protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The energy storage circuit includes a rectifier circuit and an energy storage device, wherein the rectifier circuit is used to connect to the coupling device on the bus, and the energy storage device is connected to the rectifier circuit; The rectifier circuit is used to rectify the induced current of the coupling device and transmit the rectified induced current to the energy storage device to increase the induced voltage.

9. The overcurrent protection device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The energy storage device includes an energy storage capacitor.

10. The overcurrent protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The overcurrent protection device further includes a coupling device, which is arranged on the busbar and connected to the energy storage circuit.

11. The overcurrent protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The overcurrent protection device further includes an ignition disconnecting module, the ignition disconnecting module including an ignition circuit, a disconnecting component and a disconnecting interval, the ignition circuit having explosives, the disconnecting interval being arranged on the busbar, and the ignition circuit being connected to the disconnecting interval via the disconnecting component; When the switching circuit turns on the electrical connection between the energy storage circuit and the ignition disconnecting module to generate an ignition current, the ignition circuit is used to drive the disconnecting component to move by causing the gunpowder to explode through the ignition current to cut off the disconnecting interval, thereby disconnecting the power supply and the load.

12. The overcurrent protection device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The ignition circuit includes an ignition device and gunpowder. The ignition device is used to generate heat through the ignition current to cause the gunpowder to explode and drive the cutting component to move.

13. An overcurrent protection power supply, characterized in that: The overcurrent protection power supply comprises a power supply and an overcurrent protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

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