Enclosure structure using hollow thin film for heat insulation, heat collection structure, house, and greenhouse

Abstract

An enclosure structure using a hollow thin film for heat insulation, comprising an enclosure layer (1), a heat insulation layer (2), a heat absorption layer (3), a heat preservation layer (4), and an auxiliary layer which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside. The heat insulation layer comprises one or more layers of multiple hollow thin film structures; and / or, the heat insulation layer is of a thin film column or thin film tube structure; and a space surrounded by at least two layers of hollow thin film structures of the heat insulation layer is divided to form at least two static air heat insulation layers. Since the heat insulation layer is of a transparent hollow thin film structure, and the heat absorption layer comprises one of a heat collection medium and a heat collection medium tube, so that the heat absorption layer can collect solar energy passing through the heat insulation layer, and the heat insulation layer can reduce or avoid the loss of the solar energy collected by the heat absorption layer, achieving efficient collection of the solar energy; in addition, the enclosure structure has a simple structure and low costs and achieves a good collection effect, and can be deployed and installed in different settings. Further disclosed are a heat collection structure comprising the enclosure structure, a solar building, and a solar greenhouse.

Description

Hollow film insulation enclosure structure, heat collection structure, house and greenhouse thereof Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar energy architecture and horticultural engineering, in particular to solar energy architecture and novel heat-insulating solar greenhouses, and specifically designs a hollow film-insulated enclosure structure, a heat-collecting structure, and a house and greenhouse thereof. Background Art

[0002] The development of agriculture and forestry is severely constrained by water resources. Most of the water from irrigation evaporates into the atmosphere, resulting in enormous water consumption. Addressing water and heat resources is crucial. While existing sealed greenhouses have largely addressed this water loss issue, glass or polycarbonate greenhouses are expensive, film greenhouses have a limited lifespan, and the film coverings are single-layer and have limited functionality, creating numerous challenges. For example, snow removal is difficult, and winter blizzards can even cause greenhouse collapses. Summers are sweltering, especially in tropical and subtropical regions, and cooling methods are limited in effectiveness. Winters are cold, with greenhouse costs drastically increasing, and insufficient heat sources have led to large amounts of abandoned land, especially in temperate and even subarctic regions. As a result, protected agriculture accounts for only a small portion of the total agricultural and forestry sector, hindering rapid expansion.

[0003] Thin-film greenhouses primarily include active solar buildings and passive solar buildings. Active solar buildings collect solar energy through high-efficiency solar collectors. While this efficiency is high, the equipment involved is complex. The collectors, especially large-area solar collectors, are expensive. Incorporating photovoltaic power generation equipment requires even greater upfront investment, and energy storage is difficult. Active sunrooms require a solar heat collection area that accounts for 10-30% of the (insulated) heating building area to meet these requirements. Heat storage typically uses a heat storage tank, with a heating collection temperature between 30-40°C. The collectors are expensive, making it uneconomical to allocate large areas of land outside of urban buildings or industrial plants for heat collection. Furthermore, the cost of large-area collectors (such as solar water heaters) is even more unaffordable. A passive solar heating system consists of at least two components: a south-facing, transparent glass collector and an energy storage element typically composed of masonry blocks, stones, or water. At present, most of the covers and air layers are used as thermal insulation layers, such as single-layer or hollow laminated glass, hollow solar panels, etc. However, the thermal insulation coefficient is far from meeting the requirements. The heat collection efficiency is greatly reduced due to air convection heat transfer, sunlight reflection and scattering, etc. in the additional sunroom. At the same time, there is no good way to cool down in summer. This is the main technical bottleneck of passive solar buildings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention mainly provides a hollow film insulation enclosure structure, a heat collection structure, a house and a greenhouse thereof, which are used to solve the problems of high cost and low heat collection efficiency of existing film greenhouses.

[0005] In one embodiment, a solar building or solar greenhouse building is provided, which consists of a protective structure system, a heat collection and storage system, a basic structure or foundation and a main project, a control facility system, a HVAC system, and ancillary facilities. The protective structure system consists of a protective layer, an insulating layer, a heat absorption layer, and a thermal insulation layer. A thin film transparent material encloses a closed space to form a hollow film structure. The transparent insulating layer is designed to enclose at least two or more closed static air layers. The heat absorption layer consists of a heat collecting plate, a heat collecting medium, and a heat collecting medium pipeline.

[0006] In one embodiment, the enclosure structure system consists of an enclosure layer, an insulation layer, a heat absorption layer, a thermal insulation layer and an auxiliary layer. The enclosure layer, insulation layer, heat absorption layer and thermal insulation layer are transparent structures arranged in sequence. At least one layer of hollow film structure is arranged in the space below the transparent enclosure layer to form at least two static air layers, forming the insulation layer; at least one layer of transparent hollow film structure is covered under the heat absorption layer as the thermal insulation layer; the auxiliary layer is added under the thermal insulation layer, and the auxiliary layer is a functional pipeline layer.

[0007] In one embodiment, the heat collection and heat storage system is composed of an insulated water-drying bucket, a solar water storage tank, a circulation pipeline, a heat pump structure or a heat pump, a heating device, a temperature regulating and dehumidifying device, and a power generation device. The solar water storage tank includes a low-temperature water tank and a high-temperature water tank, and the circulation pipeline includes an internal circulation pipeline and an external circulation pipeline; the water flow from the low-temperature water tank enters the circulation water flow pipeline of the membrane combination structure through a pipeline, and after the water flow is heated, it is sent into the insulated water-drying bucket, and then sent back to the high-temperature water tank to form an external circulation pipeline; the water flow enters the heat pump structure through a pipeline connected to the high-temperature water tank, and after the temperature is adjusted, the circulating water flows back to the low-temperature water tank, and the circulating water circulates unidirectionally between the high-temperature water tank and the low-temperature water tank; a circulation pipeline is also provided from the heat pump structure to enter the interior of the greenhouse to form an internal circulation pipeline.

[0008] In one embodiment, in the enclosure structure system, rigid inflatable short columns or rigid brackets are arranged in the hollow membrane structure as a supporting skeleton, and the fixed ends of the hollow membrane structure are stretched and fixed at both ends to maintain the cross-sectional shape of the hollow transparent membrane and seal the static air layer. The stretched structure assists in retraction and extension after the fixed ends are released.

[0009] In one embodiment, in the enclosure structure system, an inner bracket is arranged inside the outer bracket and the greenhouse film, the insulation layer is arranged between the outer side of the inner bracket and the outer bracket and the greenhouse film, the heat absorption layer is arranged on the inner side, and a black heat absorption hose is arranged; or the insulation layer and the heat absorption layer are pasted on the outer side of the outer bracket and the greenhouse film.

[0010] In one embodiment, in the heat collection and heat storage system, the surface of the insulated water drying barrel is coated with a heat-absorbing coating, and the entire outer surface of the insulated water storage tank is covered with an insulation layer; an interface is reserved on the upper part of the insulated water storage tank and is rigidly connected to the enclosure support, anti-pullout piles, etc., and multiple insulated water storage tanks are connected in a row to form a strong wind-resistant and force-bearing whole; a pipe interface is provided at the bottom of each insulated water storage tank to control the flow of water in and out; and / or the ratio of the area of ​​the barrel body heat absorption plate to the water volume in the barrel is determined according to conditions such as region, latitude, sunlight radiation intensity, atmospheric temperature, and initial water temperature.

[0011] In one embodiment, in the enclosure structure system, a high-temperature ventilation duct inlet is provided between the insulation layer and the enclosure layer.

[0012] In one embodiment, pre-buried anchors are placed on the multi-level gently sloping fill layer to lock the heat-insulating water-drying buckets, which are connected in rows to form a strong, wind-resistant and force-bearing whole.

[0013] In one embodiment, the geotextile composite layer, the multi-level gentle slope fill layer, the heat-insulating water-drying barrel, the enclosure structure and the support form a closed structure, and a downspout and a rainwater treatment system are provided; a methane and N2O collection device and a combustion and power generation device are provided on the top of the greenhouse; a water curtain deodorization and disinfection device is provided; a one-way circulation of clean air is organized in the greenhouse; a salt water freezing and ice-water separation control mechanism is provided inside the heat-insulating water-drying barrel; and auxiliary evaporation facilities and a dehumidification device are provided.

[0014] In one embodiment, the body of the insulated water-drying barrel serves as the support for the enclosure. The enclosure is directly laid, floated, and secured on the water surface, with a multi-functional piping layer added. Rigid supports are installed in conjunction with buoyancy pontoons and secured at both ends to form a stable structure. High-yield aquatic plant planting areas are arranged in rows, with fans used to blow water and oxygenate the water. Micro-sprinklers supply water from aerated water storage tanks beneath the enclosure. Dividers divide the planting area into multiple flow channels, with blowers and other devices positioned sequentially to drive unidirectional water circulation. Simultaneously, airflow sweeps the water mist or fine streams from the micro-sprinklers and nozzles, promoting evaporation and heat absorption, thereby reducing temperatures.

[0015] In one embodiment, a high-speed air duct is provided to separate it from the water surface. A fan and a water jet are provided in the high-speed air duct. The partition plate is provided as a water curtain plate with water flowing from top to bottom. The water after cooling, aeration and oxygenation flows into the water surface along the bottom of the water curtain plate.

[0016] In one embodiment, the enclosure structure system consists of an enclosure layer, an insulation layer, a heat absorption layer, a thermal insulation layer and a water-cooling layer, which are arranged in sequence. A heat-conducting heat absorption plate coated with a heat-absorbing paint is thermally connected to a heat collecting medium flow tube by thermal conduction to form a heat absorption layer; an enclosure layer is arranged on the upper part of the heat absorption layer, and the space between the heat absorption layer and the enclosure layer is filled with at least two layers of hollow film structures to form an insulation layer; a thermal insulation layer is arranged under the heat absorption layer; a water-cooling layer is added between the thermal insulation layer and the base layer, and the water-cooling layer is composed of a heat sink and a heat collecting medium flow tube; the water-cooling layer is thermally bonded to the base layer; a rope traction mechanism is reserved between the enclosure layer and the heat absorption layer to facilitate installation, maintenance and replacement.

[0017] In one embodiment, a heat-conducting wire mesh structure is laid on the heat-conducting heat-absorbing plate. The heat-conducting wire mesh is made of a material with good thermal conductivity, is evenly distributed on the heat-conducting heat-absorbing plate, and is connected into a mesh to make a heat-conducting connection with the heat-collecting medium flow pipe.

[0018] In one embodiment, the heat-insulating water drying barrel is a multi-stage water drying barrel structure with at least two stages. A heat-conducting heat-absorbing plate is attached to the barrel wall and coated with heat-absorbing paint. A heat-conducting heat-absorbing plate is also laid on the inside and coated with waterproof paint. A heat conductor is set between the heat-conducting heat-absorbing plate and the heat dissipation plate. The outer surface is covered with an insulating layer and a heat-insulating structure is set.

[0019] In one embodiment, the enclosure structure system is arranged in sequence as an enclosure layer, an insulation layer, a heat absorption layer, a water wall, and a thermal insulation layer; a heat-conducting heat collecting plate coated with a heat-absorbing paint is connected to a heat collecting medium flow pipe by thermal conduction to form a heat absorption layer; an enclosure layer is arranged on the upper part of the heat absorption layer, and an air layer therebetween is filled with two or more layers of hollow film structures to form an insulation layer; a multi-stage water drying bucket 10 forms a water wall, and a thermal insulation layer is arranged on both sides.

[0020] In one embodiment, the enclosure structure system consists of an enclosure layer, a heat-absorbing layer, and an insulated water-drying bucket. The enclosure layer is followed by a heat-absorbing layer, an insulated water-drying bucket is provided at the bottom, and a transparent insulation layer is provided on the top of the insulated water-drying bucket; the water flow of the heat-absorbing layer is connected to the insulated water-drying bucket.

[0021] In one embodiment, the enclosure structure system is composed of an enclosure layer, an insulation layer, a heat absorption layer, a water wall, and a thermal insulation layer in sequence; a heat-conducting heat collecting plate coated with a heat-absorbing paint is connected to a heat collecting medium flow pipe by thermal conduction to form a heat absorption layer; the air layer between the upper part of the heat absorption layer and the enclosure layer is filled with at least two layers of transparent hollow film insulation layers; a multi-stage heat-insulating water-drying bucket forms a water wall heat storage layer, and heat-insulating layers are provided on both sides; the heat collecting medium enters the heat-insulating water-drying bucket for storage.

[0022] In one embodiment, the enclosure structure system is provided with a one-way heat-conducting structure between the heat-absorbing layer and the heat-conducting layer of the water-cooling layer. The one-way heat-conducting structure is provided as a liquid thermal bridge opening and closing device. The middle part of the heat-conducting structure bonded to the heat-conducting plates on both sides has an insulating section to form an open thermal bridge. A heat-conducting sheet is provided in the tube to enhance the heat-conducting capacity. When the tube is filled with heat-conducting fluid, the thermal bridge is closed.

[0023] In one embodiment, the enclosure structure system has a water-cooling layer added to the base layer of the enclosure structure, which is covered with a thermal insulation layer, and the thermal insulation layer has a waterproof layer and a finishing layer.

[0024] In one embodiment, a hollow film insulation enclosure structure is provided, comprising an enclosure layer, an insulation layer, a heat absorption layer, a heat preservation layer and an auxiliary layer arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside;

[0025] The enclosure layer is a transparent rigid load-bearing structure, the insulation layer is a transparent structure, the insulation layer includes one or more layers of multiple hollow film structures; and / or, the insulation layer is a film column or film tube structure; the space surrounded by at least two layers of the hollow film structures in the insulation layer is divided to form at least two layers of static air insulation layers.

[0026] In one embodiment, the heat absorption layer includes a plurality of transparent heat collecting medium tubes, the thermal insulation layer is fixed to or detachably installed on the inner side of the heat absorption layer, the thermal insulation layer includes one or more layers of the transparent hollow film structure, and the space surrounded by at least two or more layers of the hollow film structure of the thermal insulation layer is divided to form at least two or more layers of static air insulation layer.

[0027] In one embodiment, the hollow film structure is a semi-closed structure, and the hollow film structure has a supporting skeleton inside, with a tensile structure and a fixed structure at both ends; the hollow film structure can be expanded by stretching at both ends, and can be stored by compressing at both ends; the supporting skeleton includes multiple inflatable columns or multiple rigid material frames.

[0028] In one embodiment, a high-temperature ventilation duct inlet is provided in the gap space between the enclosure layer and the insulation layer, and the high-temperature ventilation duct inlet is used to introduce hot air.

[0029] In one embodiment, a solar greenhouse is provided, comprising a greenhouse film or a transparent wall, and also comprising the above-mentioned hollow film insulation enclosure structure, wherein the enclosure structure is arranged on the outside or inside of the greenhouse film or the transparent wall.

[0030] In one embodiment, a water-drying bucket-type heat collection structure is provided, comprising:

[0031] A heat-insulating layer, wherein the heat-insulating layer is a transparent structure, and the heat-insulating layer comprises one or more layers of a plurality of hollow film structures; and / or the heat-insulating layer is a film column or film tube structure; and

[0032] A plurality of heat-insulating water-drying buckets arranged side by side, wherein the plurality of heat-insulating water-drying buckets can be assembled into a wall, wherein the heat-insulating water-drying buckets are used to contain a heat-collecting medium, and the heat-insulating water-drying buckets can transfer solar energy to the heat-collecting medium in the heat-insulating water-drying buckets;

[0033] The heat-insulating layer is located on the side of the heat-insulating water-drying bucket facing the sun; a heat-conducting layer is provided on the side of the heat-insulating water-drying bucket facing the sun; and / or a heat-insulating layer is provided on the side of the heat-insulating water-drying bucket facing away from the sun.

[0034] In one embodiment, the heat-insulating water bucket includes a multi-level water bucket structure stacked up and down, and the multi-level water bucket structure is tightly connected up and down to form a wind-resistant whole; the outer wall of the multi-level water bucket structure is a heat absorption plate, and the inner wall of the multi-level water bucket structure is a heat dissipation plate, and a heat conductor is connected between the heat absorption plate and the heat dissipation plate.

[0035] In one embodiment, a solar greenhouse is provided, comprising the above-mentioned water-drying bucket-type heat collection structure and bracket, wherein a plurality of the heat-insulating water-drying buckets are enclosed to form a wall, the bracket is fixed to or detachably installed on the upper ends of the plurality of heat-insulating water-drying buckets, and the insulation layer is laid on the outside of the heat-insulating water-drying buckets and the bracket.

[0036] In one embodiment, a solar building is provided, comprising a water wall structure, wherein the water wall structure comprises:

[0037] A protective layer, wherein the protective layer is a transparent structure;

[0038] a heat-insulating layer, wherein the heat-insulating layer is a transparent structure, the heat-insulating layer is installed on the inner side of the enclosure layer, and the heat-insulating layer comprises one or more layers of a plurality of hollow film structures; and / or the heat-insulating layer is a film column or film tube structure;

[0039] a heat absorbing layer, the heat absorbing layer being installed on the inner side of the heat insulating layer, the heat absorbing layer comprising a plurality of transparent heat collecting medium tubes, and the heat absorbing layer being used to collect solar energy passing through the heat insulating layer;

[0040] A heat-insulating layer installed on the inner side of the heat-absorbing layer;

[0041] a base layer, the base layer being installed on the inner side of the thermal insulation layer; and

[0042] A cover plate bracket is installed at least on both sides of the heat insulation layer and the heat absorption layer.

[0043] In one embodiment, it also includes a heat collection layer and a water cooling layer, the heat collection layer is installed between the heat absorption layer and the thermal insulation layer, and the heat collection layer includes one or more layers of the thermal insulation water barrel; the enclosure structure also includes a water cooling layer, the water cooling layer is installed between the thermal insulation layer and the base layer, and the water cooling layer includes multiple heat dissipation medium pipes.

[0044] In one embodiment, a heat collecting connecting plate is provided between two adjacent heat collecting medium tubes, a heat dissipating connecting plate is provided between adjacent heat dissipating medium tubes, and a one-way heat conducting structure is connected between the heat collecting connecting plate and the heat dissipating connecting plate.

[0045] In one embodiment, a plurality of preset grooves are provided on the outer side of the heat absorption layer, and the enclosure layer and the heat insulation layer are fixed or detachably installed in the preset grooves.

[0046] In one embodiment, a solar building is provided, comprising a water wall structure, wherein the water wall structure comprises:

[0047] A protective layer, wherein the protective layer is a transparent structure;

[0048] a heat-insulating layer, wherein the heat-insulating layer is a transparent structure, the heat-insulating layer is installed on the inner side of the enclosure layer, and the heat-insulating layer comprises one or more layers of a plurality of hollow film structures; and / or the heat-insulating layer is a film column or film tube structure;

[0049] A heat collection layer, the heat collection layer is installed on the inner side of the heat insulation layer, and the heat collection layer includes one or more layers of the heat preservation water barrel;

[0050] A thermal insulation layer installed on the inner side of the heat collecting layer;

[0051] a base layer, the base layer being installed on the inner side of the thermal insulation layer; and

[0052] A cover plate bracket is installed at least on both sides of the heat insulation layer and the heat collection layer.

[0053] In one embodiment, a solar building is provided, comprising a water wall structure, wherein the water wall structure comprises:

[0054] A protective layer, wherein the protective layer is a transparent structure;

[0055] a heat-insulating layer, wherein the heat-insulating layer is a transparent structure, the heat-insulating layer is installed on the inner side of the enclosure layer, and the heat-insulating layer comprises one or more layers of a plurality of hollow film structures; and / or the heat-insulating layer is a film column or film tube structure;

[0056] a heat absorbing layer, the heat absorbing layer being installed on the inner side of the heat insulating layer, the heat absorbing layer comprising a plurality of transparent heat collecting medium tubes, and the heat absorbing layer being used to collect solar energy passing through the heat insulating layer;

[0057] A heat collecting layer, which is installed on the inner side of the heat absorbing layer and installed on the ground, and the heat collecting layer includes one or more layers of the heat-insulating water-drying barrels;

[0058] The heat-insulating layer is installed on the inner side of the heat-absorbing layer, and the heat-insulating layer is located at the upper end of the heat-collecting layer.

[0059] According to the hollow film insulated enclosure structure, heat collection structure, and house and greenhouse of the above-mentioned embodiment, since it includes an insulation layer and a heat absorption layer, the insulation layer is a transparent hollow film structure, and the heat absorption layer includes one of a heat collecting medium and a heat collecting medium tube, so that the heat absorption layer can collect solar energy passing through the insulation layer. At the same time, the insulation layer can reduce or avoid the loss of solar energy collected by the heat absorption layer, thereby realizing efficient collection of solar energy; and the enclosure structure has a simple structure, low cost, and good collection effect of the enclosure structure. It can be deployed and installed in different scenarios, such as greenhouses and houses. In addition, it can also be used in outdoor insulation tents, awnings, carports, starlight houses, mobile houses, temporary commercial buildings, etc. in the construction industry, and can provide heat energy for buildings such as greenhouses or houses.

[0060] Compared with existing greenhouses and film greenhouses, the hollow film insulation enclosure structure, heat collection structure and its house and greenhouse of the present application, the single-layer film is replaced by a double-layer or even multi-layer heat-insulating inflatable film, which not only reduces the skeleton of the double-layer film and reduces the cost, but also greatly improves its heat preservation and heat insulation performance, and can replace the function of heat-insulating quilts; in addition to using double-layer inflatable film to reduce heat loss, the water in the drying bucket is used to store solar heat. Theoretically, 30 tons of water per acre can store water with a temperature of more than 35 degrees, which is enough to regulate the temperature difference between day and night. In winter, it is not heated and the temperature is above 15 degrees at night, making it a solar greenhouse. The water stores heat during the day and the hot water releases the stored heat at night to maintain the indoor temperature. It is simple and direct, without various unnecessary links and expensive steps such as solar heat energy conversion and storage. Equipment; while using a large number of water-drying buckets to enhance wind resistance, the heat storage water can be increased dramatically to 60 to 80 tons per mu or even more, which is equivalent to storing 2,000 to 4,000 megajoules of heat, or 500 to 1,000 degrees of electricity, so that greenhouses in cold northern regions and even high-latitude areas do not need to be heated and become zero-energy solar greenhouses; in southern and tropical regions, the water flow in the water-drying buckets can be easily heated to 50-60 degrees through sun exposure and connected to an adsorption refrigeration device (or the water flow can be heated to 80 or 90 degrees and connected to a lithium bromide absorption refrigeration device). In this way, air conditioning and refrigeration in hot climates basically consumes no electricity (except for a small amount of power consumed by the cooling tower and circulating water pump), thus having an air-conditioned greenhouse or shed that consumes almost no electricity.

[0061] Moreover, the development of ecological circular agriculture in sealed greenhouses can retain water and phosphorus, greatly reducing water evaporation, while also having the function of desalinating salt water, freeing large-scale agriculture from water resource constraints, and thus allowing it to enter saline-alkali land and even deserts without the need for long-distance water diversion across river basins, etc., greatly breaking through the limitations of natural conditions, making mountainous and hilly degraded grasslands and even saline-alkali land and deserts become fertile fields or indoor pastures and fisheries that are guaranteed to yield harvests regardless of drought or flood, and have both technical and economic feasibility; only in this way can it have a profound impact on large-scale agriculture. Although the technology is simple, it is possible to achieve a milestone change.

[0062] The modular, pre-assembled greenhouse, featuring a water-horse-style drying bucket, is not only simple in structure yet fully functional, but also flexible and easy to install, requiring no specialized personnel. Furthermore, it is inexpensive, simple to operate, and easy to maintain and replace. Furthermore, the materials and processes used are common and inexpensive, bringing the cost of the greenhouse down to a bargain price accessible to ordinary farmers. Therefore, the device described in this application is expected to completely replace existing horticultural facilities, such as existing film-mulched greenhouse structures, in various fields.

[0063] The hollow film insulation enclosure structure, heat collection structure and house and greenhouse of the present application can also be expanded to other fields such as building roof and exterior wall insulation, breaking through the technical bottleneck of solar building integration and building nearly zero energy consumption buildings. At present, due to the failure to break through the technical bottleneck of solar building integration, the insulation layer of the exterior wall, including the cold areas in the north, is generally external insulation, which isolates the heat loss in the house while also blocking the heat from the sun; for the interior insulation wall, the air convection on the exterior wall surface, especially the cold wind in winter, quickly takes away most of the heat from the sun radiation; using multi-layer transparent inflatable film to replace the external insulation, a simple calculation shows that if the external insulation is changed to a transparent insulation layer that can pass through sunlight and the insulation coefficient reaches 0.035~0.05W / (m•K), when the exterior wall is a heat storage layer to absorb the heat from the sun, then the thickness of the exterior wall is more than 25 cm (generally achievable), which can ensure that the indoor temperature is above 15 degrees (that is, the temperature guaranteed for heating). In China, even in the east, Houses in northern China, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang also do not need to be heated and can become solar greenhouses or zero-carbon buildings. If some people are not used to the multi-layer film structure that looks a bit like a temporary facility, they can design a heat-conducting structure that cleverly bypasses the insulation layer. For example, the main solution for many energy-saving buildings is to use a large number of thick insulation layers, and then add a one-way heat-conducting structure that bypasses the insulation layer on this basis. For houses in the south, especially in tropical areas, exposure to the sun can easily heat the water to 50-60 degrees, thereby connecting to an adsorption refrigeration device (or heating the water to 80 or 90 degrees and connecting to a lithium bromide absorption refrigeration device). In this way, air conditioning and cooling in hot climates do not consume electricity (except for a small amount of power consumed by the cooling tower and circulating water pump), thus realizing cheap zero-energy buildings.

[0064] The hollow film-insulated enclosure structure, heat-collecting structure, and associated housing and greenhouses described herein can also be used in the construction industry for outdoor thermal insulation tents, awnings, carports, starlight houses, portable homes, and temporary commercial buildings. For residential buildings, the heat-absorbing layer and overhead transparent insulation layer can form a complete waterproof surface, replacing the waterproof layer. This also addresses the persistent problem of water seepage and leakage in roofs and exterior walls caused by existing insulation and waterproof structures and exterior decorative structures (coatings or paving blocks), as well as the chronic problems of demanding construction conditions for each layer of the roof or exterior wall (for example, requiring multiple consecutive days of sunny weather), making construction difficult in rainy seasons, ensuring quality, and requiring high maintenance. It includes thermal insulation designs for roofs and exterior walls of various buildings. For example, a transparent sunroom is set up on the roof, water storage barrels and drying barrel structures are laid on the roof to obtain 50-60 degree hot water, and in summer, a film composite structure insulation layer is laid on the exterior wall to provide hot water above 50-60 degree to drive the adsorption waste heat refrigeration unit for cooling or the organic Rankine cycle low-temperature waste heat generator set for power generation. It also solves the problems of roof heating and leakage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0065] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross section of an enclosure structure in one embodiment;

[0066] FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a hollow film structure in one embodiment;

[0067] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross section of an enclosure structure in one embodiment;

[0068] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a structure in which an enclosure structure is installed outside a bracket in one embodiment;

[0069] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment in which a protective structure is installed inside a bracket;

[0070] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flat installation of the enclosure structure in one embodiment;

[0071] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an enclosure structure installed on the water surface in one embodiment;

[0072] FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of a water wall structure in one embodiment;

[0073] FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of a water wall structure in one embodiment;

[0074] FIG10 is a schematic structural diagram of a water wall structure in one embodiment;

[0075] FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of a unidirectional heat conduction structure in one embodiment;

[0076] FIG12 is a schematic structural diagram of a water wall structure in one embodiment;

[0077] FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of the connection between the inner circulation loop and the outer circulation loop of the enclosure structure in one embodiment;

[0078] FIG14 is a schematic structural diagram of an enclosure structure mounting bracket according to an embodiment;

[0079] FIG15 is a schematic structural diagram of an enclosure structure mounting bracket according to an embodiment;

[0080] FIG16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the enclosure structure installed on the soil slope in one embodiment;

[0081] FIG17 is a schematic diagram of a structure in which a retaining structure is installed between soil slopes in one embodiment;

[0082] FIG18 is a schematic structural diagram of a combination of two enclosure structures in one embodiment;

[0083] FIG19 is a schematic structural diagram of an enclosure structure and a sprinkler structure in one embodiment;

[0084] FIG20 is a schematic structural diagram of a water wall structure in one embodiment;

[0085] FIG21 is a schematic structural diagram of a water wall structure in one embodiment;

[0086] FIG22 is a schematic structural diagram of a combination of two enclosure structures in one embodiment;

[0087] FIG23 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a multi-level enclosure stacked in one embodiment;

[0088] FIG24 is a schematic structural diagram of a water wall structure in an embodiment.

[0089] The accompanying drawings are numerals as follows:

[0090] 1-enclosing layer, 2-insulating layer, 21-support frame, 22-high-temperature ventilation duct entrance, 3-heat absorbing layer, 31-heat conducting layer, 32-unidirectional heat conducting structure, 321-outer heat conducting plate, 322-insulating structure, 323-inner heat conducting plate, 324-heat conducting pipe, 3241-heat conducting section, 3242-insulating section, 3243-, 33-base layer, 34-heat conducting mesh, 35-cover plate bracket, 4-insulating layer, 41-subsidiary layer, 5-water cooling layer, 51-heat dissipation medium pipe, 52-heat dissipation structure, 53-waterproof layer, 6-heat pump structure;

[0091] 61-external circulation loop, 62-internal circulation loop;

[0092] 7-shed film, 71-black hose, 72-inner support, 8-planting basket, 9-floating layer;

[0093] 10-heat-insulating water bucket, 11-cold water tank, 12-hot water tank, 13-heat absorbing plate, 14-heat dissipating plate, 15-heat conductor, 16-pre-set groove;

[0094] 101- bracket, 102- anti-pullout anchor, 103- geotextile composite layer, 104- multi-level gentle slope fill layer, 105- downspout, 106- rainwater collection tank;

[0095] 201- buoy, 202- water storage tank, 203- micro sprinkler, 204- partition plate, 205- high-speed air duct. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0096] The present invention will be further described in detail below by means of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Similar elements in different embodiments are numbered with associated similar elements. In the following embodiments, many detailed descriptions are provided to enable the present application to be better understood. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that some of the features may be omitted in different circumstances, or may be replaced by other elements, materials, or methods. In some cases, some operations related to the present application are not shown or described in the specification. This is to avoid the core portion of the present application being overwhelmed by excessive descriptions, and for those skilled in the art, it is not necessary to describe these related operations in detail. They will fully understand the related operations based on the description in the specification and the general technical knowledge in the art.

[0097] In addition, the features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification may be combined in any appropriate manner to form various embodiments. Furthermore, the steps or actions in the method description may be reordered or adjusted in a manner readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the various sequences in the specification and drawings are provided solely for the purpose of clearly describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to be mandatory, unless otherwise specified.

[0098] Component numbers used herein, such as "first" and "second," are used solely to distinguish the components being described and do not convey any sequential or technical meaning. References to "connection" and "coupling" herein, unless otherwise specified, include both direct and indirect connections (couplings).

[0099] Solar water heaters, starting with plastic bag-type (sun-drying water bags), lacked insulation, making them ineffective in winter. Later, bladder-type water bags and water buckets were insulated, expanding their use. Even simple sun-drying water tanks can achieve water temperatures of 20-25°C in winter in North China. While these simple devices offer high heat dissipation and low water temperatures, they are inexpensive and practical, and continue to be used.

[0100] After the advent of flat-plate solar water heaters, with the development of selective coatings and vacuum insulation technology, their efficiency and outlet water temperature have continued to rise, but their prices have also become increasingly expensive. A transparent cover over the heat-absorbing layer of a flat-plate water heater forms an insulating layer with the air layer. However, convection still exists between the air and the cover, and sunlight is reflected and scattered, resulting in high heat dissipation and low heat collection efficiency. This is where the main energy loss occurs. The layers below it, which consist of the heat-absorbing plate, insulation layer, and outer shell, are relatively bulky. There are also direct absorption solar water heaters, which use black liquor or black water to absorb sunlight heat. The development direction is to add nanoparticles to the water to form a high-efficiency heat absorber.

[0101] In addition to these energy-saving designs for building envelopes, such as roofs and exterior walls, insulation on exterior walls typically isolates heat loss from the interior while also blocking out solar heat. Internally insulated walls, on the other hand, allow convection heat transfer from the exterior wall, especially during winter when cold winds quickly remove solar heat, but are unable to dissipate heat in the summer. This results in significant energy consumption for both summer cooling and winter heating. Various roof insulation designs exist, including water-retaining roofs, overhead insulation layers, overhead insulation panels, insulation layers constructed from various insulating materials, and various types of planted roof cooling. While these designs offer some insulation benefits, they often increase roof loads or require additional waterproofing, leading to increased structural complexity and cost. These limited improvements often fail to achieve satisfactory energy savings. Furthermore, passive greenhouses used in agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry require significant fossil fuels for nighttime heating, in addition to storing daytime solar heat.

[0102] In summary, in the existing technology, the most critical factors are the use of a transparent insulation layer and an energy recovery device with a simple structure and economical performance.

[0103] The purpose of this application is to imitate these simple devices and combine them with inflatable film technology to design an inexpensive and simple film combination structure to form an extremely inexpensive enclosure covering system or a new greenhouse system structure. The large-area film combination structure also serves as a solar collector, thereby combining it with a heat pump or organic Rankine generator set to have the functions of solar air conditioning and even solar power stations, and heat collection and heating functions in cold areas or in winter; at the same time, it is expanded to the thermal insulation of the exterior enclosure of buildings, and further design of nearly zero-energy solar buildings and greenhouse buildings.

[0104] Among them, since static air has excellent insulation properties, and glass, endurance boards, and transparent films have high light transmittance, transparent insulation layers are designed by combining transparent materials such as films with various shapes to enclose one or more closed air layers. Sunlight can pass through these transparent materials, but the defined one or more static air layers prevent heat loss.

[0105] While designs using solid transparent materials like glass and polycarbonate offer better performance, glass curtain walls are expensive. This application utilizes inexpensive transparent film materials, such as inflatable clothing and bedding, which both provide insulation. Once inflated, the film structure possesses a certain rigidity and strength to maintain its shape. In combination with inflatable film technology, a novel film composite structure can be designed, modeled after the structure of a flat-plate solar water heater, for use in insulation. This application utilizes inexpensive transparent film materials, achieving both low cost and excellent thermal insulation.

[0106] In one embodiment, a protective structure is provided. This protective structure can be installed in greenhouses and houses. Furthermore, it can be used in the construction industry for outdoor thermal insulation tents, awnings, carports, starlight houses, mobile homes, temporary commercial buildings, and other applications. It can also be placed directly on water surfaces. This protective structure has the advantages of low cost and high solar energy recovery efficiency, and can also be deployed in relatively harsh environmental areas.

[0107] Referring to Figure 1 , the enclosure structure of this embodiment primarily comprises a protective layer 1, a heat-insulating layer 2, a heat-absorbing layer 3, and a thermal insulation layer 4. The protective layer 1, the heat-insulating layer 2, the heat-absorbing layer 3, and the thermal insulation layer 4 are arranged in order from the outside inward, with the protective layer 1 being the outermost layer and the thermal insulation layer 4 being the innermost layer. The outer side refers to the side facing the sun or outdoors, while the inner side refers to the side facing away from the sun or indoors. The protective layer 1, the heat-insulating layer 2, the heat-absorbing layer 3, and the thermal insulation layer 4 can be secured by bonding, binding, heat sealing, or other methods.

[0108] The multi-layer structure formed by the enclosure layer 1, the insulation layer 2, the heat absorption layer 3 and the thermal insulation layer 4 can be directly paved on the top and / or side of the greenhouse or house, so that the entire exterior wall roof or greenhouse surface becomes a huge solar collector and greatly reduces heat loss.

[0109] The enclosure layer 1 and the insulation layer 2 are transparent structures so that the heat absorption layer 3 can collect and absorb the solar energy that passes through the enclosure layer 1 and the insulation layer 2. It should be noted that the solar energy collected in this article refers to thermal energy.

[0110] The protective layer 1 can be made of a transparent material with high light transmittance, such as glass, endurance board, etc. The protective layer 1 has a certain rigidity and hardness to achieve physical protection of the enclosure structure.

[0111] The insulation layer 2 includes multiple hollow film structures arranged side by side, preferably a single-layer film structure. The single-layer film structure has better light transmittance and can improve solar energy collection efficiency. Of course, some of the hollow film structures can also be set as multi-layer film structures to improve the structural strength of the hollow film.

[0112] The hollow membrane structure can be a membrane column or membrane tube structure, with multiple membrane columns or membrane tube structures arranged side by side to form a thermal insulation layer 2. The thermal insulation layer 2 is configured with multiple membrane columns or membrane tube structures, so that each membrane column or membrane tube structure can form a spatial structure, allowing the membrane structure to form a more stable thermal insulation layer 2.

[0113] The insulating layer 2 can be provided with one or more layers of hollow film structures as needed, for example, a single layer of hollow film structures with a larger outer diameter, or multiple layers of hollow film structures with smaller outer diameters. Preferably, a single layer of hollow film structures with a larger outer diameter is used, where the outer diameter of the hollow film structure is larger than that of the heat absorption layer 3. A single layer of hollow film structures can reduce the film's obstruction of sunlight, allowing more solar energy to penetrate the heat absorption layer 3. Furthermore, the larger outer diameter hollow film structures provide more independent air spaces, providing a better insulation effect and preventing the loss of solar energy from the heat absorption layer 3.

[0114] The hollow film structure may be a closed structure, in which a medium such as air is filled, and the air supports the hollow film structure to form a stable structure.

[0115] In other embodiments, in order to improve the structural stability of the hollow membrane structure, a plurality of spaced support frames 21 are provided in the hollow membrane structure. In this structure, the hollow membrane structure can also be a closed or open structure at both ends.

[0116] As shown in Figure 2, the hollow membrane structure of the thermal insulation layer 2 is an open structure. Multiple support frames 21 are provided within the hollow membrane structure. A tensile structure and a fixed structure are mounted at both ends of the hollow membrane structure. The tensile structure can be a wire mesh or other structure, while the fixed structure can be a snap-fit ​​structure such as a buckle. The hollow membrane structure can be expanded by stretching at both ends and retracted by compressing at both ends, making it easy to operate and facilitate installation and removal.

[0117] The support frame 21 can be an inflatable column. The inflatable column is a closed ring structure with an outer diameter equal to or slightly larger than the inner diameter of the hollow membrane structure. Multiple inflatable columns support the hollow membrane structure into a tubular structure. Using inflatable columns as the support frame 21 can reduce the impact of the support frame 21 on light transmittance. The inflatable columns also have a certain degree of elasticity, which prevents them from rupturing the hollow membrane structure.

[0118] Alternatively, the support frame 21 may also be a rigid material frame, such as a hollow or solid silicone ring frame or a metal ring frame, which may also play a fixing role; preferably, the rigid material frame has a smaller outer diameter to reduce the impact on light transmittance.

[0119] In this embodiment, the heat absorption layer 3 may include at least one of a heat collecting medium and a heat collecting medium tube. Preferably, the heat absorption layer 3 includes the heat collecting medium tube, which may be a transparent water tube. A heat collecting medium such as water flows through the transparent water tube, which is connected to the external circulation loop 61. The water in the transparent water tube can collect solar energy that passes through the protective layer 1, the insulation layer 2, and the transparent water tube to form warm water or hot water. The warm water or hot water can transfer the collected solar energy to the internal circulation loop within the greenhouse or house through a heat exchanger or a heat pump having a heat exchange function, thereby providing heat to the greenhouse or house.

[0120] The heat-absorbing layer 3 also includes multiple transparent water pipes arranged side by side. These pipes cover the entire enclosure, providing sufficient heat absorption area for the heat-absorbing layer 3 and improving the efficiency of solar energy utilization. The outer diameter of the transparent water pipes can be smaller than the outer diameter of the hollow membrane structure of the insulation layer 2. In other words, using transparent water pipes with a smaller outer diameter creates a thinner water flow layer to absorb solar energy, thereby heating water to a higher temperature for direct use as hot water.

[0121] In other embodiments, the heat absorption layer 3 may also be a plate structure made of heat-collecting materials such as a heat absorption plate. The heat absorption plate may also absorb solar energy passing through the enclosure layer 1 and the insulation layer 2, and then store or transfer the solar energy to the heating system through a heat exchange device.

[0122] In this embodiment, a heat-insulating layer 4 is further provided on the inner side of the heat-absorbing layer 3. The heat-insulating layer 4 can be made of the same material and structure as the heat-insulating layer 2. The heat-insulating layer 4 is a hollow film structure. The heat-insulating layer 4 is made of the same material and structure as the heat-insulating layer 2, which can simplify the structure of the enclosure structure and further reduce production costs. At the same time, the air layer formed by the hollow film structure has a good heat-insulating effect, which can prevent the loss of solar energy collected by the heat-absorbing layer 3.

[0123] The insulation layer 4 may also include one or more layers of hollow film structure to provide the desired insulation effect. The insulation layer 4 may also be made of a non-transparent hollow film structure, such as recycled plastic film, to reduce the cost of raw materials while ensuring the insulation effect.

[0124] The thermal insulation layer 4 may also be made of other materials or structures with thermal insulation effects. For example, the thermal insulation layer 4 may also be configured as a structure such as thermal insulation cotton.

[0125] In this embodiment, the insulating layer 2 and the heat-insulating layer 4 are preferably connected on both sides to form an annular structure, with the heat-absorbing layer 3 located within this annular structure. The heat-absorbing layer 3 within each annular structure comprises multiple transparent water pipes, and each annular structure forms a unit structure. The enclosure structure comprises multiple parallel annular structures, which can be covered and protected by the same enclosure layer 1. The insulating layer 2 and the heat-insulating layer 4 form an annular structure, forming an annular heat-insulating cavity, which provides better thermal insulation protection for the heat-absorbing layer 3 and reduces heat loss.

[0126] In other embodiments, the heat insulating layer 2 and the thermal insulation layer 4 may not be connected. A vertical heat insulating layer may be provided on the sides of the heat insulating layer 2 and the thermal insulation layer 4 to reduce heat loss from the heat absorbing layer 3 .

[0127] The enclosure structure of this embodiment features a simple and inexpensive design and can be used in various building envelope systems or greenhouse exterior coverings, transforming the entire exterior wall, roof, or greenhouse surface into a massive solar thermal collector, significantly reducing heat loss. Water is also preferably used to store and release solar heat, and extensive use of water-drying buckets regulates indoor temperature, resulting in a near-zero-energy greenhouse and solar-powered building. The remaining basic structure, including the foundation, main structure, control system, HVAC system, and ancillary facilities, is similar to existing greenhouse and building structures, particularly solar-powered buildings.

[0128] Different designs are required for use in agricultural and forestry greenhouses and residential buildings. Agricultural facilities require a light transmittance of at least 70%. The enclosure 1, insulation 2, heat absorption 3, and thermal insulation 4 are all transparent structures with high light transmittance. A greenhouse equipped with this enclosure structure does not require supplemental lighting. In residential construction, however, the light transmittance requirements for exterior wall and roof enclosures are less stringent, so different designs are required. In this scenario, the thermal insulation 4 can be non-transparent.

[0129] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG3 , the enclosure structure further includes an auxiliary layer 41 , which is located inside the insulation layer 4 . The auxiliary layer 41 can serve as a supporting structure to install and fix the enclosure structure on the outside of the greenhouse and the building.

[0130] The auxiliary layer 41 may also include additional auxiliary facilities such as various functional pipelines to form an integrated structure with other systems in the greenhouse and building.

[0131] In one embodiment, the enclosure structure may not include one or both of the enclosure layer 1 and the insulation layer 4 .

[0132] The enclosure structure comprises a heat-insulating layer 2 and a heat-absorbing layer 3. The enclosure structure composed of the heat-insulating layer 2 and the heat-absorbing layer 3 can be directly installed on an existing greenhouse or house building.

[0133] For example, the enclosure structure composed of the heat insulating layer 2 and the heat absorbing layer 3 can be directly installed on the outside or inside of the existing small arch shed outer bracket and the shed film 7. The shed film 7 can be a part of the enclosure structure.

[0134] As shown in Figure 4, the insulating layer 2 and the heat-absorbing layer 3 are attached to the outside of the greenhouse film 7. The insulating layer 2 and the heat-absorbing layer 3 can be directly fixed to the outside of the greenhouse film 7 by bonding, bundling, or other methods. Preferably, the outer diameter of the hollow film structure of the insulating layer 2 is larger than the outer diameter of the transparent water pipe of the heat-absorbing layer 3, and the transparent water pipe can be accommodated within the inner gap between the two hollow film structures. This arrangement allows the hollow film structure of the insulating layer 2 to be in contact and fixed with the greenhouse film 7. Furthermore, the hollow film structure of the insulating layer 2 and the greenhouse film 7 can enclose a space with a roughly triangular cross-section, with the heat-absorbing layer 3 located within this triangular space. This makes the insulating layer 2 and the heat-absorbing layer 3 form a simpler and more compact structure, while also providing better thermal insulation protection for the heat-absorbing layer 3.

[0135] As shown in Figure 5, the insulation layer 2 and the heat absorption layer 3 are installed on the inner side of the greenhouse film 7. The enclosure structure also includes an inner bracket 72, which is installed on the inner side of the greenhouse film 7. The inner bracket 72 can be an arc-shaped structure parallel to the greenhouse film 7. The insulation layer 2 and the heat absorption layer 3 are installed on the inner bracket 72. Specifically, the insulation layer 2 can be installed on the outer side of the inner bracket 72, and the heat absorption layer 3 can be installed on the inner side of the inner bracket 72. The inner bracket 72 can be a grid-shaped bracket and is light-transmissive, allowing external sunlight to pass through the greenhouse film 7, the insulation layer 2, and the inner bracket 72 to reach the heat absorption layer 3.

[0136] A cheap large-diameter black hose 71 can also be provided in the shed film 7 instead of a water bucket to achieve heat preservation and heating in the shed film 7. The heat absorption layer 3 can be connected to the black hose 71, and the water collected from the solar energy in the heat absorption layer 3 can be circulated into the black hose 71.

[0137] The enclosure structure, comprising the insulation layer 2 and the heat-absorbing layer 3, is inexpensive and simple, suitable for medium and small arch sheds. Additional internal brackets can be added to secure the film structure for easy installation and replacement. Alternatively, the structure can be directly attached to the exterior of the shed film, with separate water pipes. This enclosure structure offers excellent thermal insulation and can replace nighttime coverings such as quilts and straw mats. This design offers thermal insulation equivalent to a greenhouse, while adding only a few hundred to a few thousand yuan per mu (approximately 100 acres). While inexpensive and simple, this type of "small arch shed" suffers from poor overall stability, particularly in wind resistance. Improvements to the bracket structure, such as using wood or bamboo poles with iron sheets glued to their ends and then welded metal connectors, create a cheap, stable, and easily disassembled wind-resistant bamboo and wood bracket structure. The circulating water piping system utilizes inexpensive, non-perforated sprinkler hoses, which act as "drying water bags." These new "small and medium-sized sheds" cost between 5,000 and 6,000 yuan per mu (approximately 100 acres), making them affordable and buildable for ordinary farmers.

[0138] As shown in Figure 6, the enclosure structure includes an enclosure layer 1, an insulation layer 2 and a heat absorption layer 3, and may not include a thermal insulation layer 4. The enclosure structure of this structure can also be installed on the inside of a greenhouse or indoors. The insulation layer 2 and the heat absorption layer 3 are fixed to the inside of the greenhouse glass or greenhouse film 7 by bonding, clamping, etc.

[0139] When installed on the inside of a greenhouse or indoors, you can use a combination of a single-layer inflatable column's insulating layer 2 and a heat-absorbing layer 3, which is a highly transparent water pipe. You can also separate the heat-absorbing layer, which is the heat-absorbing layer 3, and stick or snap-fix the single-layer inflatable column's insulating layer 2 to the inside of the top glass or greenhouse film. The top glass and greenhouse film are equivalent to the protective layer, and you can also set up a separate protective layer. The weight added per square is only tens of grams to one or two hundred grams, and there is almost no need to recalculate the structural load. Since the heat-absorbing layer 3 is in a well-insulated room, the entire interior of the greenhouse can be regarded as an insulation layer, so the one or more layers of inflatable columns on the other side as the insulation layer do not need to be arranged. At the same time, in order to further improve the light transmittance, the thickness of the single-layer inflatable column film is controlled within 0.01 mm, and the diameter of the inflatable column is increased to ensure the insulation performance.

[0140] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG6 , a high-temperature ventilation duct inlet 22 is provided in the gap space between the enclosure layer 1 and the insulation layer 2. The high-temperature ventilation duct inlet 22 is used to introduce hot air. This type of enclosure structure is suitable for use in cold regions. Freezing rain and snowstorm disasters in greenhouses are caused by the low outside temperature, which causes the outer surface to freeze into ice debris when it comes into contact with water and firmly adheres to the roof. The frozen rain and snow accumulate into clumps and cannot slide down. A high-temperature ventilation duct inlet 22 is provided between the enclosure layer 1 and the insulation layer 2 (single-layer inflatable columns). In this way, a high-temperature airflow or a high-temperature vibrating pulse airflow is introduced into the gap between the two, so that the outer surface of the greenhouse enclosure layer 1 remains above zero degrees without ice formation. The accumulated snow and ice automatically slide down, completely solving the problem of blizzards or freezing rain disasters.

[0141] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, the enclosure structure includes an insulating layer 2, a heat-absorbing layer 3, and a thermal insulation layer 4. The upper end of this enclosure structure can be used to mount a planting basket 8, eliminating the need for the enclosure 1. The planting basket 8 can be mounted on the outer side (upper end) of the insulating layer 2, with the lower end extending through the insulating layer 2 into the heat-collecting medium pipe of the heat-absorbing layer 3. The roots of plants cultivated within the planting basket 8 can extend into the heat-collecting medium pipe of the heat-absorbing layer 3 to absorb moisture.

[0142] The enclosure structure may also include a floating layer 9 located inside (at the lower end of) the insulation layer 4. This floating layer 9 can be constructed of foam or airbags, allowing the enclosure structure to float on the water surface. The unit ring structures within the enclosure structure can be spaced apart, with the floating layers 9 in the spaced-apart areas forming walkways for people to access vegetables, crops, and other plants grown in the planting baskets 8.

[0143] This enclosure can be laid directly on the surface of water or above farmland as a "planting carpet" (hydroponic facility). Adding long, strip-shaped planting baskets 8 deep into the nutrient solution-filled pipes (heat-absorbing layer 3) according to the planting spacing creates a hydroponic facility. Alternatively, the planting baskets 8 can be inserted through a film-based composite structure and penetrate the soil. The upper layer is then covered with a new type of small arch shed or greenhouse, combined with work walkways. Manual laying is difficult for large-scale applications. A dedicated machine with guide rails and traction mechanisms can be designed to assist in laying the soft "planting carpet." Simultaneously, the planting baskets 8 are automatically filled with substrate, sowed, and transplanted. Harvesting also involves simultaneous winding. This design, combined with existing agricultural machinery technologies (transplanting, harvesting, etc.), allows for full automation and mechanization, eliminating the need for research and development of harvesting robots and other related operations.

[0144] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG8 , a building protection includes a water wall structure, which includes a protective layer 1, an insulating layer 2, a heat absorbing layer 3, a thermal insulation layer 4, a water cooling layer 5, a base layer 33 and a cover plate bracket 35 distributed in sequence from the outside to the inside.

[0145] The enclosure layer 1 and the heat-insulating layer 2 can be the same or similar structures as the maintenance structure. The heat-absorbing layer 3 can be a transparent or opaque water pipe. The pipe body of the heat-absorbing layer 3 is a heat-absorbing structure.

[0146] The water-cooling layer 5 includes a connected heat dissipation medium pipe 51 and a heat dissipation structure 52. The heat dissipation medium pipe 51 is a water pipe. The water-cooling layer includes multiple heat dissipation medium pipes 51 arranged side by side at intervals. The heat dissipation structure 52 is provided between two adjacent heat dissipation medium pipes 51 and is connected to the heat dissipation medium pipes 51 on both sides. The heat dissipation structure 52 is made of a thermally conductive material and is used to absorb heat energy from the heat dissipation medium pipe 51 and transfer the heat energy to the room or heating device.

[0147] Among them, the heat collecting medium pipe of the heat absorption layer 3, the driving pump 6 and the heat dissipation medium pipe 51 are connected to form an external circulation loop 61. The driving pump 6 is used to drive the circulation of the medium in the external circulation loop 61 to transfer the hot water in the heat collecting medium pipe to the heat dissipation medium pipe 51. The heat dissipation structure 52 absorbs the heat of the hot water to form cold water, and the cold water is recirculated into the heat collecting medium pipe to absorb heat.

[0148] In other embodiments, a plurality of heat dissipation medium tubes 51 are arranged side by side, and the heat dissipation structure 52 may also be installed inside the heat dissipation medium tube 51 and may also absorb the heat energy in the heat dissipation medium tube 51 .

[0149] The water wall structure also includes a heat-conducting layer 31, which is installed between the insulation layer 2 and the heat-absorbing layer 3. The heat-conducting layer 31 is used to absorb solar energy passing through the insulation layer 2 and transfer the solar energy to the heat-absorbing layer 3 to improve the efficiency of the heat-absorbing layer 3 in collecting solar energy.

[0150] This water wall structure can be used in places where light transmittance requirements are not high, and can solve the bottleneck of solar energy buildings with integration, such as livestock breeding greenhouses and aquaculture greenhouse roofs. This water wall structure can be used especially when used in water wall structures such as the roof and exterior walls of house buildings.

[0151] The water wall structure can be directly installed with the base layer 33 of the house to form an integrated structure. The heat dissipation medium pipe 51 can be installed in combination with the base layer 33. The heat of the heat dissipation medium pipe 51 can also be directly transferred to the base layer 33 for direct heating.

[0152] Specifically, a heat-conducting layer 31 is made of a metal plate or ceramic plate coated with a selective heat-absorbing coating. An overhead transparent cover plate (such as a hollow solar panel) is placed above the heat-absorbing layer 3, and the air layer between them is filled with at least two layers of transparent film inflatable columns to isolate and define the air layer, forming an insulating layer 2. A thermal insulation layer 4 is placed below the heat-absorbing layer, also filled with at least two layers of transparent film inflatable columns to isolate and define the air layer, or other thermal insulation designs can be used. A water-cooling layer 5, similar to the heat-absorbing layer, can be added between the insulating layer and the base layer. The water-cooling layer 5 is thermally bonded to the base layer 33. This type of structure requires some minor adjustments for use on accessible roofs. Considering the service life of the film composite structure, a rope traction mechanism can be provided between the outer layer and the heat-absorbing layer 3 to facilitate installation, maintenance, and replacement. This structure is suitable for both hot and cold regions in both the north and south. When the water temperature in the heat-absorbing layer 3 rises above 50-60°C in hot regions or seasonally, an adsorption refrigeration device can be connected to produce a low-temperature fluid, while a low-temperature circulating water flow is simultaneously passed through the water-cooling layer for cooling. In cold regions or seasons, the water temperature in the heat-absorbing layer rises to over 30-40°C during the day. The high-temperature circulating water then flows into the water-cooling layer 5, transferring the solar heat to the base layer 33 (exterior walls, etc.) for heat storage. At night, the circulating water stops, making it difficult for the wall heat to dissipate through the insulation layer 4. This completely resolves the technical bottleneck of solar building integration.

[0153] The heat-conducting layer 31 may be a non-transparent structure, or may be a heat-conducting plate or a heat-conducting film. The material of the heat-conducting layer 31 may be selected according to the requirements of the usage scenario.

[0154] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG9 , multiple heat absorbing layers 3 may be provided in the water wall structure, corresponding to one or more heat conducting layers 31 , and a heat conducting layer 31 is provided between two adjacent heat absorbing layers 3 .

[0155] The multi-layer heat absorption layer 3 may include water pipes of the same or different structures. The heat absorption layer 3 may include a combination of a heat collecting medium plate and a heat collecting medium pipe, or a combination of a heat collecting medium pipe and a water horse type water tank.

[0156] A heat-conducting mesh 34 is positioned between the outer heat-absorbing layers 3, while a heat-conducting layer 31 is positioned between the inner heat-absorbing layers 3. This layer is made of a metal or ceramic material with excellent thermal conductivity. This layer transfers the absorbed heat energy to the heat-absorbing layers 3, which then transfer the heat energy to the heating system.

[0157] The water wall structure can be applied to non-metallic walls and roofs with poor thermal conductivity to improve the solar energy collection effect.

[0158] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG10 , the heat-conducting layer 31 of the water wall structure can be a unidirectional heat-conducting structure, which can be a thermal bridge open-close structure. The heat-conducting layer 31 of the unidirectional heat-conducting structure can only transfer solar energy from the heat-absorbing layer 3 located on the outside to the heat-absorbing layer 3 located on the inside or the water-cooling layer 5.

[0159] Specifically, as shown in Figure 11, the one-way heat conduction structure 32 includes an outer heat conduction plate 321, an insulation structure 322, an inner heat conduction plate 323, and a heat conduction pipe 324. The outer heat conduction plate 321, the insulation structure 322 and the inner heat conduction plate 323 are stacked in sequence. The insulation structure 322 can be a hollow film structure the same as the insulation layer 2, and the insulation structure 322 can also be an insulation structure of insulation cotton.

[0160] One or both ends of the outer heat conducting plate 321 and the inner heat conducting plate 323 are connected by a heat conducting pipe 324; the heat conducting pipe 324 has a U-shaped structure and includes a heat conducting section 3241 and an insulating section 3242. The insulating section 3242 has two sections, each located in the middle of the U-shaped structure. The heat conducting section 3241 has two sections, each located on either side of the insulating section 3242. The insulating section 3242 separates the heat conducting sections 3241 on both sides, making it impossible for the two heat conducting sections 3241 to conduct heat directly. The heat conducting sections 3241 on both sides are respectively connected to the outer heat conducting plate 321 and the inner heat conducting plate 323. A heat conducting medium, such as water, can be injected into the heat conducting pipe 324. When heat-conducting medium is injected into the heat-conducting pipe 324, the heat-conducting sections 3241 on both sides can transfer heat through the injected heat-conducting medium, and the heat-conducting pipe 324 can transfer solar energy; when the heat-conducting medium is discharged from the heat-conducting pipe 324, the heat-conducting sections 3241 on both sides cannot transfer heat, and the heat-conducting pipe 324 cannot transfer solar energy.

[0161] One or more heat conducting sheets 3243 are further provided in the heat conducting pipe 324 . The heat conducting sheets 3243 are located on the inner walls of the heat conducting sections 3241 on both sides. The provision of the heat conducting sheets 3243 can increase the contact area between the heat conducting sections 3241 and the heat conducting medium, thereby improving the heat conducting effect.

[0162] During the daytime in winter, the enclosure structure injects a heat-conducting medium into the one-way heat-conducting structure 32, the thermal bridge is closed, and the heat-absorbing layer 3 absorbs the heat from the sunlight and transfers it to the wall through the one-way heat-conducting structure 32 and the heat-conducting metal plate of the water-cooling layer 5 to store heat; at night, when the heat-conducting medium is extracted, the thermal bridge of the one-way heat-conducting structure 32 is disconnected, or a metal heat-conducting plate mechanical switch can be set as the thermal bridge switch, which is simpler; this can prevent heat from being lost outward at night and improve the thermal insulation effect.

[0163] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG12 , the water-cooling layer 5 and the heat-absorbing layer 3 are installed in different areas. The structure including the heat-absorbing layer 3 is installed outdoors to absorb solar energy, and the structure including the water-cooling layer 5 is installed indoors to provide indoor heating.

[0164] The portion comprising the water-cooling layer 5 also includes one or more layers of the thermal insulation layer 4 and the waterproof layer 53. The water-cooling layer 5 is installed on the innermost side (bottom end) and connected to the base layer 33. Multiple layers of thermal insulation layer 4 and waterproof layer 53 can be alternately installed on the outer side (upper end) of the water-cooling layer 5. A waterproof layer 53 can also be provided between the water-cooling layer 5 and the base layer 33. The structure with the water-cooling layer 5 can be installed on the floor or wall indoors. The heat in the water-cooling layer 5 can be transferred to heat the house. The thermal insulation layer 4 and waterproof layer 53 provide both thermal insulation and waterproofing.

[0165] In one embodiment, a water wall structure is provided. The water wall structure includes multiple heat collecting containers 10 arranged side by side. The multiple heat collecting containers 10 are connected in sequence. The heat collecting containers 10 can be a water horse type water bucket structure. The existing water horse type water bucket can be transformed into the present heat collecting container 10, effectively reducing production costs.

[0166] In this embodiment, multiple heat collection containers 10 can be arranged side by side to form a wall, which can not only be used to collect solar energy but also serve as a fence or part of a fence in an agricultural area. The heat collection container 10 is a heat-conducting structure. A heat-conducting layer can be provided on the side of the heat collection container 10 facing the sun. The heat-conducting layer can be a heat-conducting film coated on the outer surface of the heat collection container 10, thereby improving the efficiency of the heat collection container 10 in collecting solar energy.

[0167] The side of the heat collection container 10 facing away from the sun may also be provided with an insulation layer. The insulation layer may be a hollow film structure or a structure such as insulation wool to prevent heat loss from the heat collection container 10. Of course, the insulation layer may not be provided on the side of the heat collection container 10 facing away from the sun. The solar energy collected by the heat collection container 10 can be directly transferred through the back surface to the inner area for regional heating.

[0168] As shown in Figure 13, the heat collection system also includes a cold water tank 11, a hot water tank 12, and a drive pump 6. The cold water tank 11, multiple heat collection containers 10, the hot water tank 12, and the drive pump 6 are sequentially connected to form an external circulation loop 61. The drive pump 6 is used to drive the heat collection medium to flow within the external circulation loop 61. The drive pump 6 can be a heat pump or organic Rankine generator, etc., and can function as a solar air conditioner or even a solar power station. The drive pump 6 is connected to the internal circulation loop 62 and is used to drive both the external circulation loop 61 and the internal circulation loop 62. The drive pump 6 acts as a heat exchange device, transferring the solar energy collected by the heat collection containers 10 to the internal circulation loop 62 to achieve indoor heating.

[0169] The cold water tank 11 is used to store water after releasing heat, and the hot water tank 12 is used to store water after collecting heat. The outer circulation loop 61 can also be provided with components such as an on-off valve, a flow valve, and a pressure valve.

[0170] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG14 , a greenhouse includes heat collection containers 10 and supports 101. Multiple heat collection containers 10 can be arranged in two spaced rows or in a ring. Supports 101 or greenhouse film are mounted on the spaced heat collection containers 10. Film structures can be attached to the outsides of the supports 101 and the outsides of the heat collection containers 10 to provide thermal insulation.

[0171] Multiple heat-collecting containers 10 form a wall structure, enclosing an area requiring insulation. The interior area can be used for planting or mining operations. The bracket 101 can form a roof to facilitate the installation of other facilities. Using the heat-collecting containers 10 as the framework, a large number of water-drying buckets are deployed, based on the 0.1-0.2 tons of heat-storage water per square meter of greenhouse area. The buckets also serve as a windproof framework, and the exposed area of ​​the buckets is proportional to the amount of water inside to ensure water temperature. The heat-collecting containers 10 are designed to resemble wind-resistant water-filled isolation piers (commonly known as water barriers). Their surface is painted black to enhance heat absorption, or they can be coated with a selective heat-absorbing coating. The entire surface (including the bottom) is covered with a removable transparent insulation layer, providing both insulation and water storage. The water-drying buckets at the sides or ends of the greenhouse, which resist wind loads, have reserved connections on their upper surfaces. These are rigidly connected to inflatable membrane supports, anti-lift piles, and other structures. Together with nearby water-drying buckets, they form a windproof framework. Pipe connections are located at the bottom of each water-drying bucket to control water flow in and out of the heat storage system.

[0172] The height of the bracket 101 can be set according to environmental requirements. For example, as shown in FIG14 , this type of greenhouse is often used in low arch sheds, rice fields, wheat fields and other places with a height of less than 1.5 meters.

[0173] As shown in Figure 15, greenhouses are taller and require taller support 101. This type of greenhouse or greenhouse is often used in applications with a height of 1.5 meters or more. A schematic diagram of a stable wind-resistant frame structure formed by a combination of multiple rows of water-drying buckets, film, and support 101, where the frame height is higher than the water-drying buckets.

[0174] The heat collection container 10 of this solar collector structure can hold over 30-70 tons per mu (approximately 16-18 acres). In winter, with sufficient sunshine, the water temperature inside can reach 30-50°C, sufficient to regulate temperature fluctuations. At night, the insulation layer can be removed to release heat directly to maintain the greenhouse temperature. An inflatable film structure can be directly placed on top of the water barrel, or connected to a film support via a pre-recorded interface. The cost of this type of greenhouse varies with the height of the greenhouse, but based on current market prices for water barriers, it ranges from 10,000 to 20,000 yuan per mu (excluding refrigeration equipment). Advantages include the ease and speed of assembly, with each prefabricated component weighing less than 10 kilograms before filling. Even non-professionals can assemble and commission the greenhouse on the same day. Areas can be customized, ranging from a few square meters to dozens or even tens of square meters.

[0175] In summer or tropical regions, the water temperature in the drying buckets can reach over 70°C. It can also be fed into metal drying buckets to raise the temperature to 80-90°C, or directly fed into a hot-water lithium bromide refrigeration unit or even a hot-water waste heat generator, creating an inexpensive, energy-efficient air-conditioning greenhouse suitable for summer and tropical regions. Given that solar and wind power generation rely on battery energy storage, we recommend using a semiconductor thermoelectric generator, which can also serve as an electronic refrigeration device. While slightly less efficient, the hot water storage allows for day and night operation, offering a highly cost-effective solution.

[0176] In one embodiment, the present enclosure and solar collector structure can be applied to large-scale development areas such as saline-alkali land and deserts. These areas often dig up the soil and lay a specially designed geotextile underneath for waterproofing and insulation, creating a sealed structure. In this case, large earthmoving machinery can be used to level the fields, creating gently sloping earthen embankments and slopes around the fields to form a "Siheyuan" (a courtyard-like structure). A row of connected water-drying buckets can be arranged on the 1-2 meter high sloped top to create a sturdy, wind-resistant structure. As shown in FIG16 , pre-embedded anti-pullout anchors 102 in the multi-level gently sloping fill 104 secure the solar collector containers 10 (water-horse-style water-drying buckets). The high location of the water-drying buckets also helps absorb sunlight and raise the water temperature. Similar to parapets, this reduces wind loads on the roof, significantly reducing roof loads and significantly lowering construction costs. The standard greenhouse support height can be increased to 2-3 meters. The use of low-profile supports facilitates installation, maintenance, and replacement. The use of earthmoving machinery also significantly reduces greenhouse construction costs.

[0177] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 17, this solar collector structure can be installed on a multi-level gently sloping earth fill layer 104. A waterproof and heat-insulating geotextile composite layer 103 is buried underground. Together with the multi-level gently sloping earth fill layer 104, the heat collector container 10, the film composite structure, and the support 101, this forms a nearly completely enclosed or semi-enclosed greenhouse structure. Rain and snow treatment devices, such as downspouts 105 and rainwater collection tanks 106, are also provided. This structure not only collects solar energy for thermal insulation but also collects rainwater.

[0178] In one embodiment, the heat-collecting structure of a water-horse-style water bucket and the membrane-structured enclosure can be combined, as shown in Figure 18. This combination can be used in aquatic facilities, low rice and wheat fields, and other applications. The low barrel of the water-horse-style water bucket (10) serves as both the membrane and wind-resistant support. The inflatable membrane structure (including but not limited to the insulation layer 2, the heat-absorbing layer 3, the heat-insulating layer 4, and the auxiliary layer 41) can be directly laid out in the greenhouse, floating on the water surface and fixed there. This is equivalent to an aquatic greenhouse with multiple layers of thermal insulation and inflatable membrane. The auxiliary layer 41 can also be added for automated operations such as feeding, fertilizing, and spraying. The inflatable structure has high buoyancy and is supported by a rigid support frame with both ends fixed to the embankment to form a stable structure. It can also be arranged in rows in high-yield aquatic plant cultivation areas such as duckweed, using fans to blow water to increase oxygenation and promote the flow and collection of duckweed. To reduce or eliminate the need for refrigeration equipment, an aerated water storage tank 202 can be used beneath the membrane structure to supply water to micro-sprinklers 203 for cooling. Dividers 204 divide the duckweed cultivation area into multiple flow channels, where blowers and other devices are deployed to drive the water through a unidirectional circulation. While the wind drives the water flow, it also breaks up the oil film created by high-density farming and provides aeration, replacing aerators. Simultaneously, airflow sweeps the water mist or fine streams from the micro-sprinklers and micro-sprinklers 203, promoting evaporative heat absorption and cooling. However, water loss from evaporation is relatively high, so this system is suitable for use in areas with abundant water or during rainy seasons.

[0179] If the air flow and water flow speed are too high, affecting the growth and yield of duckweed aquatic plants, and the cooling effect still does not meet the requirements, the wind speed needs to be further increased. A high-speed air duct 205 can be set to separate it from the water surface. As shown in Figure 19, in addition to the fan and the jet water flow in the high-speed air duct, the partition plate 204 can also be set as a water curtain plate with water flowing from top to bottom. The water after cooling, aeration and oxygenation flows into the water surface along the bottom of the water curtain plate without disturbing the aquatic plants.

[0180] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 20, a water-horse-style bucket heat collection structure and a membrane enclosure can be combined, with a heat collection container 10 positioned at the lower end and the membrane enclosure mounted above it, forming a solar energy recovery wall. The membrane enclosure can consist solely of a heat absorption layer 3 and an insulation layer 4, with the heat absorption layer 3 positioned on the outside to collect solar energy. The entire solar energy recovery wall can be located inside a glass curtain wall. This structure can be applied within the floors of a building to achieve solar energy recovery.

[0181] As shown in FIG21 , a water wall structure may include a heat conducting layer 31 between the heat insulating layer 2 , the heat absorbing layer 3 and the heat collecting container 10 to improve the heat conducting efficiency.

[0182] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG22 , in a water wall structure, an active solar building envelope structure using water wall heat storage is also very similar, which includes a protective layer 1, an insulating layer 2, a heat absorption layer 3, a water wall (heat collection container 10), and a thermal insulation layer 4 in sequence; a metal sheet coated with a heat-absorbing coating is used as a heat-conducting heat collecting plate, which is thermally connected to a heat collecting medium flow pipe (water pipe) by heat conduction to form a heat absorption layer; an overhead transparent cover plate (hollow sun panel, etc.) is provided on the upper part of the heat absorption layer, and the air layer therebetween is filled with two or more layers of transparent film inflatable columns to form an insulation layer. Water storage containers such as sun-drying buckets form a water wall (heat storage layer), and insulation layers are set on both sides; similarly, when the insulation coefficient of the inflatable film composite structure is between 0.035-0.05W / (m•K), it can replace external insulation, especially for south-facing walls (north-facing walls) with sufficient sunlight; in summer, the water in the heat-absorbing layer is exposed to the sun and heated to 50-70 degrees, and then connected to an adsorption refrigeration unit, and the cooling water is sent to the sun-drying bucket for storage; in winter, the water in the heat-absorbing layer is exposed to the sun and heated to 30-40 degrees, and then sent to the sun-drying bucket for heat storage, and the heat is released at night to increase the temperature; if used for roofs, the entire roof can be set as an additional sunroom and fully covered with a heat-absorbing layer structure, including the parapet converted into wind-resistant sun-drying buckets, etc.; during the day, the sun-drying buckets store 30-40 degrees warm water, and gradually release heat when the temperature drops at night.

[0183] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG23 , the heat collection structure of the water horse type water bucket includes a multi-stage drying water bucket stacked up and down.

[0184] The heat collection container 10 comprises a multi-level water-drying bucket structure stacked one above the other, tightly connected to form a wind-resistant structure. The outer walls of the multi-level water-drying bucket structure are heat-absorbing plates 13, while the inner walls are heat-dissipating plates 14. A heat conductor 15 is connected between the heat-absorbing plates 13 and the heat-dissipating plates 14.

[0185] The heat absorbing plate 13 , the heat dissipating plate 14 and the heat conductor 15 may all be made of materials with good thermal conductivity, such as metal, or wood mixed with metal.

[0186] The heat absorbing plate 13, the heat dissipating plate 14 and the heat conductor 15 form a double wall of the heat collecting container 10, which has better heat preservation and insulation effect. In addition, the container enclosed by the heat absorbing plate 13, the heat dissipating plate 14 and the heat conductor 15 can store heat collecting media such as water.

[0187] The multi-level water-drying bucket structure can be used to increase the height, forming a tightly connected upper and lower structure to resist wind. The multi-level water-drying bucket structure can be arranged in a pyramid-like structure from top to bottom, which can improve the structural stability of the heat collecting container 10 and enhance its wind resistance.

[0188] The multi-level water drying bucket structure can be used to firmly connect the upper and lower levels of the structure, and can also improve the overall structural stability.

[0189] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG24 , in a water wall type enclosure structure, a plurality of pre-set grooves 16 are arranged side by side on the outside of the heat absorption layer 3. The plurality of pre-set grooves 16 can be formed by a plurality of ribs on the outside of the heat conducting layer 31. The plurality of pre-set grooves 16 form a plurality of independent installation units, and each pre-set groove 16 is installed in the enclosure layer 1 and the insulation layer 2. The cross section of the enclosure layer 1 forms an n-shaped cap-shaped structure, and the insulation layer 2 includes a multi-layer hollow film structure. The multi-layer hollow film structure is wrapped by the n-type enclosure layer 1 to form an enclosure insulation unit. The enclosure insulation unit can be detachably installed in the pre-set grooves 16 by means of snap-on connection, bundling, etc. Such a configuration facilitates the installation and disassembly of the enclosure layer 1 and the insulation layer 2, and is especially convenient for the subsequent enclosure and replacement of the enclosure layer 1 and the insulation layer 2.

[0190] In one embodiment, a heat collection system is provided. This solar enclosure system includes a HVAC system and any of the enclosure structures and heat collection structures described above. The HVAC system includes an inner circulation loop 62. The enclosure structure is connected to form an outer circulation loop 61. The driving pump 6 is connected to the inner circulation loop 62. The driving pump 6 is used to drive the outer circulation loop 61 and the inner circulation loop 62 at the same time. The driving pump 6 serves as a heat exchange device and can transfer the solar energy collected by the heat collection container 10 to the inner circulation loop 62 to achieve indoor heating.

[0191] The solar enclosure system includes an insulation layer 2 and a heat-absorbing layer 3 as the enclosure structure. The insulation layer 2 is a transparent hollow film structure, and the heat-absorbing layer 3 includes a heat-collecting medium and a heat-collecting medium tube, so that the heat-absorbing layer 3 can collect solar energy (heat energy) that passes through the insulation layer. At the same time, the insulation layer 2 can reduce or avoid the loss of solar energy (heat energy) collected by the heat-absorbing layer 3, thereby achieving efficient collection of solar energy (heat energy). Moreover, the enclosure structure is simple in structure, low in cost, and has a good collection effect. It can be deployed and installed in different scenarios, such as greenhouses and houses. In addition, it can also be used in outdoor thermal insulation tents, awnings, carports, starlight houses, mobile homes, temporary commercial buildings, etc. in the construction industry, and can provide heat energy for buildings such as greenhouses or houses.

[0192] The solar enclosure system may also include other devices or structures, such as a control system, a monitoring system, etc.

[0193] Specific embodiments of the hollow film insulation enclosure structure, heat collection structure and housing and greenhouse applications thereof are as follows:

[0194] Example 1:

[0195] [Corrected 27.03.2025 according to Rule 26] The Eurasian steppes and North American steppes wither in autumn and winter, and the surrounding grasslands are paved with matching cold greenhouses for heat collection. Due to the vast land and sparse population, the ratio of cold greenhouses to warm greenhouses can be adjusted; for example, a farm in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, covers an area of ​​100 mu, of which 25 mu is planted with giant fungus grass in a solar greenhouse (warm greenhouse), during which 100 cattle are rotated and grazed; and the remaining 75 mu of land, which is three times the size of the warm greenhouse, is fully paved with reinforced wind-resistant and sun-resistant greenhouses in autumn. Water tanks and film form the supporting cold shed, protecting the healthy growth of 50 mu (approximately 1.5 acres) of high-yield forage grass and the autumn growth and safe wintering of 25 mu (approximately 1.5 acres) of winter wheat. Cold-resistant goats can also be raised in the cold shed over the winter, with the hardy forage supplementing livestock feed. Due to strong winds, several 1.2-meter-tall wind-resistant water barrels are installed east-west to absorb and store solar heat, providing over 100 tons of heat-storage water per mu (approximately 100 tons). The cold shed also grows shade-tolerant crops, fruits, and vegetables, cultivated using a micro-tillage machine. The warm shed is equipped with supplemental lighting. Two layers of transparent hollow film, each less than 10 microns thick, are suspended from the wind-resistant water barrels, making the cold shed cost-effective. After sunset, one or more layers of this multi-layer hollow film, whose light transmittance decreases significantly with aging, are added to act as a "thermal blanket" and are opened at sunrise. The cold shed uses a temperature difference power generation device. Although its efficiency is currently low at only about 5%, it has a simple structure, is easy to operate, is noiseless, does not require battery energy storage and regulation, and stores hot water energy, so the power generation can be used immediately.

[0196] The overall planning involves arranging a 25-mu greenhouse with a water-horse-style water-drying barrel structure surrounded by a 75-mu supporting cold shed. This reduces wind forces impacting the greenhouse and reduces the number of wind-resistant water-drying barrels required to maintain the required area for giant fungus grass cultivation. The greenhouse framework, consisting of wind-resistant water-drying barrels and wind-resistant supports, stands approximately 2 meters high. This reduction in the number of water-drying barrels reduces the required heat storage water consumption per mu to approximately 30 tons. Insulated water-drying barrels, 0.4 meters wide and ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, are installed throughout the greenhouse's walkways, walls, and rotating crop fields. The cold shed's water-drying barrels are arranged in a north-south orientation, spaced 4-5 meters apart. The horizontal sunlit area is approximately 60 square meters, and the vertical area on the north and south sides is approximately 300 square meters. Based on a horizontal and north-south solar radiation intensity of 500 watts per square meter and a light transmittance of 70%, the heat storage capacity is approximately 800 kWh per mu. On a sunny winter day with about 7-8 hours of sunshine, the water in the drying buckets starts at 20°C and rises to 30-35°C over the day. The resulting 8,250 tons of hot water at around 30°C (7,500 tons for the cold greenhouse and 750 tons for the warm greenhouse) are then centrally distributed. Each ton of water, after releasing heat from 30°C and cooling to 20°C (while maintaining room temperature above 15°C), stores approximately 42 megajoules (11.7 kWh of electricity), totaling 346,500 megajoules or 91,575 kWh of electricity. This represents an average heat storage of nearly 1,000 kWh per mu (approximately 1,000 kilowatt-hours), exceeding the actual heating requirement of 400-500 kWh per mu. This is sufficient to maintain a daytime temperature of 28°C in the cold greenhouse and a nighttime temperature above 10°C. Furthermore, the warm greenhouse should maintain a temperature of at least 25°C during the day and 15°C at night, even on the winter solstice. This ensures that hot water can be stored for one or two consecutive cloudy days. Of course, additional heating will be required in the event of multiple consecutive cloudy days or snowstorms. A biomass combustion boiler can be used to heat the hot water stored in the heat-insulating water-drying bucket 10, and the tail gas heat energy is exchanged and absorbs carbon dioxide gas fertilizer, and the wood ash can also be used as pesticide and fertilizer.

[0197] The multi-level sun-drying bucket is constructed from bamboo plywood and wooden structural panels, with 0.1mm thick iron sheets bonded inside and outside. The exterior is coated with a heat-absorbing paint, while the interior is waterproof. The membrane structure supports the structure with bamboo or wooden poles. At night, the heat-absorbing panels double as heat-dissipating terminals, and the insulation layer can be controlled to adjust the opening and closing, thereby controlling the heat release rate and maintaining a stable indoor temperature.

[0198] The greenhouse is warm in winter and cool in summer, making it an ideal shelter for livestock and overwintering plants. The low density of livestock allows livestock excrement to be returned directly to the fields. Rotational grazing is implemented in zones, and during off-grazing periods, the organic fertilizer from livestock excrement is absorbed and utilized by the grass and soil, while reducing or even eliminating the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The arduous tasks of feeding and removing manure, often the most common tasks on farms, are virtually eliminated. A device is installed on the roof of the greenhouse to collect methane and nitrous oxide (N2O) produced by cattle and sheep, which are then burned or used for power generation. The fully enclosed enclosure eliminates odors around the surrounding area, creating a fully enclosed, ecological, indoor, and free-range livestock farming system that can be managed with minimal effort. Water curtain deodorization, chlorine dioxide, and ozone generators are installed. One-way airflow within the greenhouse (after deodorization and disinfection, sprayed from top to bottom to eliminate odor and prevent the spread of disease) ensures a clean farming environment. Alternatively, an intelligent, self-refilling manure bag can be attached to the livestock for sealed fermentation. The bag is made of a cellophane-like material and automatically decomposes after fermentation, allowing the decomposed manure to be automatically returned to the fields, again eliminating the need for manure removal.

[0199] The investment in wind and solar power generation and power equipment is relatively large. An alternative solution is animal-powered power generation, such as donkey-drawn mill. For example, each cow is equivalent to 0.3 kilowatts of power equipment. Although it is not very elegant, it is a practical power generation or power solution. There is no energy storage anxiety and it greatly reduces investment. 100 cows are equivalent to 30 kilowatts of power equipment. Considering that the animals are driven in turns to generate electricity at 10 kilowatts for 8 hours, 80 degrees of electricity is enough to meet the lighting needs of plants in winter when there is insufficient light.

[0200] The region is rich in wind energy, which can be combined with wind and solar complementary power generation (about 2 kilowatts per mu) to provide water source heat pump electricity and meet other office and living electricity needs; the addition of water source heat pumps will prioritize heating for key areas such as residences, dormitories and office buildings on the farm, basically without heating and consuming fossil energy, to create near-zero energy greenhouses and solar buildings.

[0201] The farm residence, dormitory, office building and other buildings are about 3,000 square meters. The exterior walls all adopt the wall structure shown in Figure 8. The outermost layer is a transparent protective layer of endurance board + a 25 cm thick three-layer hollow film insulation layer. The heat absorption layer is composed of 0.2 thick color steel plate coated with heat absorption paint and DN25 hot-dip galvanized water pipe. The insulation layer 4 is a 15 mm thick polyurethane insulation board. The heat dissipation layer is further inside, which is composed of 0.2 thick color steel plate and DN25 hot-dip galvanized water pipe, close to the 25 cm thick brick-concrete wall; the roof is equipped with a sun room. , it is also a combination of a wind-resistant water-drying bucket 10 structure + a wind-resistant bracket, and uses a three-layer inflatable film as the insulation layer; the concrete material of the roof floor structure can also be regarded as a heat storage layer; the gap between the outermost film or endurance board (protective layer) and the insulation layer is provided with a high-temperature ventilation duct inlet 22 as shown in FIG6 , to allow indoor air to enter during heavy snow and freezing rain (generally not lower than 15 degrees, otherwise it is heated separately), so that the outer surface temperature of the roof is not lower than zero degrees, there is no freezing condition, and freezing rain and snow disasters are avoided, and there is no need to shovel snow at night.

[0202] Although Inner Mongolia is located in a high-latitude area, it has abundant sunshine, including long sunshine hours in winter. Therefore, during the day, the heat from the sun passes through the transparent insulation layer and is absorbed by the water flow in the heat-absorbing layer. After a day of exposure to about 35 degrees, the heat is transferred to the brick-concrete walls through the water flow in the heat dissipation layer to store heat. Similarly, the water buckets on the roof and the floor slabs also absorb and store the heat from the sun that passes through the transparent insulation layer. After the sun sets, the water flow on the wall stops flowing, and the heat stored in the wall is difficult to dissipate through the insulation layer. Therefore, the walls, roof water buckets, and floor slabs store heat and release it to the room to maintain room temperature until the sun rises the next day, starting a new cycle.

[0203] Even on the coldest days of winter, there is no need for additional heating and it can become a solar greenhouse. The water source heat pump is mainly used in key areas such as the chairman's office, dormitory bedrooms, etc., and the hot water obtained from the 100 acres of greenhouses and hot greenhouses has a heat storage capacity of more than 140,000 degrees, with an average of more than 1,000 degrees per acre, which is far more than the demand at ordinary times. Therefore, various buildings or other places on the farm can meet their needs even if the hot water obtained during the day is adjusted from the greenhouses and hot greenhouses.

[0204] Example 2:

[0205] Large-scale development of indoor ecological animal husbandry in tropical deserts and other areas requires addressing water shortages, soil improvement, and the destructive effects of strong winds. It's crucial to have a sufficient water source for drinking water for both humans and livestock. Assuming 30 liters per cow (40-50 liters for dry feed and 20-30 liters for fresh grass), and assuming a 20-liter daily water requirement per mu for every 100 cows and one person assigned to each farm, the required daily circulating water volume is approximately 140-200 liters per mu, which is essential. For example, large-scale organic farms and ranches are being developed in desert areas 50 kilometers from the coast in Saudi Arabia or northern Egypt, potentially expanding into new agricultural and pastoral cities. A 50-kilometer high-pressure seawater pipeline system could be used to introduce unlimited seawater to supplement the city's water needs. One farm, covering 100 mu (approximately 16 acres), utilizes solar greenhouses with water-horse-style drying barrels to grow giant mushroom grass, which is then rotated for grazing with 200 cattle or a comparable number of sheep and camels. Small desalination plants desalinate 200 to 300 liters per mu (approximately 160 acres) of seawater for drinking water, and the resulting highly concentrated brine is recycled as raw material for salt chemical production.

[0206] In order to resist the strong winds in the desert, in addition to building high embankments around the farm in conjunction with road construction to reduce wind force, wind-resistant water-drying buckets can be directly used as inflatable membrane supports; if the height of the water-drying bucket increases, the water depth pressure in the bucket increases, resulting in a geometric increase in construction costs. In order to reduce construction costs, a multi-level water-drying bucket structure with two or more levels can be used to reduce the pressure increase caused by the water depth at each level. For example, if the height of each water-drying bucket is reduced to below 60 cm, the water depth is below 60 cm, but the water-drying buckets at each level are tightly connected up and down to form a wind-resistant whole; in addition to ordinary bricks, concrete, plastics and ceramics, the barrel wall structural materials can also be made of cheap and renewable bamboo and wood materials. These materials have poor thermal conductivity and heat absorption properties, and can be pasted with metal heat-absorbing plates and coated with heat-absorbing paint (selective heat-absorbing paint is not ruled out); a metal heat sink is laid on the inside, and a heat conductor is set between the heat-absorbing plate and the heat sink to connect so that the heat from the sun can be quickly introduced into the water.

[0207] As shown in Figure 23, the outermost skeleton is arranged as a 2-meter-high multi-level water-drying bucket structure, and the heat collecting containers 10 are stacked up and down into three levels. The upper and lower multi-level heat collecting containers 10 can be connected to each other, and a heat absorbing plate 13 is provided on the outside of the heat collecting container 10, and an insulating layer 2 of an inflatable film is provided on the outside of the heat absorbing plate 13 to achieve heat preservation. The multi-level water-drying barrel structure is firmly connected on all sides to form a wind-resistant whole; the water heat storage and cold storage system (water-drying tank) arranges 80 tons of circulating water per acre. The temperature difference between day and night in the desert is large. The water-drying tank and heat storage system store heat during the day and store cold at night. The high-temperature hot water obtained during the day can easily exceed 50-60 degrees. It is connected to the adsorption refrigeration device, and adsorption refrigeration is used to obtain cold water and store it; a large amount of seawater is stored in the water-drying barrel and arranged to evaporate and absorb heat. A 1KW fan wet curtain is set to assist in evaporation. The 1KW fan wet curtain has an air volume of about 10,000 cubic meters and evaporates about one cubic meter of salt water every day, which can all be condensed into fresh water; while obtaining about 1 ton of water vapor, the indoor temperature is reduced and the temperature is controlled below 38 degrees, which is the most suitable growth temperature for giant fungus grass. The cold water stored at low temperature at night is used to condense the evaporation water vapor indoors to meet the needs of forage during the day, thereby reducing or even eliminating the need for refrigeration and dehumidification equipment investment. Including adsorption refrigeration equipment, the investment is actually less than that in other tropical regions.

[0208] A wind-solar complementary generator set is installed to provide power for heat pumps and other backup power needs at night.

[0209] Example 3:

[0210] In the suburbs of a coastal city in the Bohai Bay area of ​​Shandong Province, saline-alkali land transformation is being carried out. A large number of new multi-level water-horse-style water-drying bucket-structured greenhouses are set up on the saline-alkali land. High-yield forage grasses such as giant fungus grass are planted to form indoor grazing. The sealed and semi-sealed space in the greenhouse controls the proportion of animals and plants to achieve ecological balance.

[0211] The capacity of the water drying tank is 60 tons per mu. For general saline-alkali land, giant fungus grass can be directly planted in the greenhouse to reduce salt. However, super-severe saline-alkali land (salt content above 1%) requires field washing to reduce salt. In coastal areas where there are many salt sources and abundant groundwater, which makes it difficult to implement precipitation plans, the bottom of the greenhouse can be fully covered with a thermal insulation and anti-seepage geotextile composite structure to form a sealed whole, prevent the loss of water and nutrients, and block the upwelling of underground salt water, solving the problem of repeated salt return in saline-alkali land once and for all.

[0212] Shandong Province experiences cold winters, and this approach utilizes the cold energy of winter to freeze seawater and saltwater to produce large quantities of quasi-fresh water. Using a heat-collecting container 10 (a water-horse-style sun-drying bucket) as an ice container, seawater and saltwater are injected and frozen at night, with the concentrated brine removed and processed. During the day, as temperatures rise, the ice melts and produces quasi-fresh water. With a 60-ton sun-drying tank capacity per mu (approximately 1.5 acres), a two-freeze-thaw cycle allows for the desalination of 50 tons of seawater per day. Theoretically, over a 100-day winter, 3,000 tons of seawater and saltwater can be desalinated per mu (approximately 1.5 acres) for storage, addressing the freshwater shortage around the Bohai Sea. The resulting freshwater is then channeled into saline soil to wash salt. The "underground saltwater" from field washing can then be collected and re-frozen in a pool, repeating this cycle several times. This method also generates large quantities of freshwater, which can be stored in sun-drying buckets, pools, and ponds for regular crop production and drinking water for humans and animals.

[0213] During the hot summer months, evaporation is high. Therefore, seawater or saltwater can be pumped into evaporation ponds. Auxiliary facilities such as wet curtains and fans can be added to accelerate evaporation (while significantly reducing the temperature). The high temperature in the closed greenhouse allows for rapid evaporation of seawater or groundwater. The moderately hot water from the heat collector 10 (water-horse drying bucket) then drives a hot-water lithium bromide unit for refrigeration and dehumidification, generating condensed water. A 1kW fan with a wet curtain of approximately 10,000 cubic meters evaporates approximately one cubic meter of saltwater per day, all of which is condensed into fresh water. This saltwater supplements the cooling water consumption of the refrigeration unit. Similarly, "groundwater" generated during field washing can be collected and repeatedly re-evaporated for field washing. Although temperatures are lower in spring and autumn, the high temperatures inside the greenhouse do not affect saltwater evaporation, and the cooler outdoor air facilitates condensation of water vapor, thus meeting both the freshwater needs for field washing and daily freshwater requirements.

[0214] During the hot summer season, the water temperature in the heat collecting container 10 (water horse type sun-drying bucket) easily rises to 50-60 degrees. It can be connected to an adsorption refrigeration and dehumidification device to produce low-temperature water and store it in the corresponding heat collecting container 10 (water horse type sun-drying bucket). Due to the large amount of underground salt water, the fan wet curtain is set to evaporate the salt water, take away the heat and reduce the indoor temperature to below 35 degrees. At the same time, the stored cold water is used for dehumidification to obtain evaporation water to keep the room dry.

[0215] This greenhouse, warm in winter and cool in summer, is an ideal livestock shed and overwintering site for plants. The low stocking density allows livestock excrement to be returned directly to the fields. Rotational grazing is implemented in zones, and during off-grazing periods, the grass and soil are able to absorb and utilize the organic fertilizer from livestock excrement, reducing or even eliminating the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The arduous tasks of feeding and cleaning manure, often the most common tasks on farms, are virtually eliminated. A device is installed on the roof of the greenhouse to collect methane and nitrous oxide (N2O) produced by cattle and sheep, which are then burned or used for power generation. The fully enclosed enclosure eliminates odors from the surrounding area, creating a fully enclosed, ecological, indoor, free-range livestock farming system that can be managed with minimal effort. Water curtain deodorization, chlorine dioxide, and ozone generators are installed, and one-way airflow within the greenhouse (after deodorization and disinfection, sprayed from top to bottom to eliminate odor and prevent the spread of disease) ensures a clean breeding environment.

[0216] Example 4:

[0217] A factory building in an industrial zone in a tropical city has a double-layer sandwich panel insulated color steel tile roof and double-layer sandwich panel insulated color steel plate wall enclosure. However, the temperature in the factory building is still too high during the day, seriously affecting production. Using the structure shown in Figure 8 of this application, a circulating water pipe network is installed on the original color steel tile roof, mainly using DN15 galvanized water pipes. The water pipes are connected to the upper color steel plate of the double-layer sandwich panel using thermal conductive adhesive to form a heat-absorbing layer. At the same time, a 1 mm thick single-layer transparent polycarbonate sheet is installed 200 mm above it to form a heat-insulating layer.

[0218] Enclosure materials such as polycarbonate sheets and polycarbonate sheets can also be prefabricated into openable channels. These channels are made of transparent, hard materials like tempered glass or polycarbonate sheets, with a width of 25 cm and a height of 15 cm. This significantly reduces the structural dimensions, thereby reducing the thickness of the panels and increasing light transmittance. Two to three layers of hollow film insulation are laid within the structure as the insulation layer, secured to the heat-absorbing layer with prefabricated slots or rivets for easy installation and replacement. If the insulation layer is a multi-layer hollow film structure, as shown in Figure 2, secured to the channel wall, the channel can be opened to replace the hollow film insulation layer.

[0219] The solar heat absorbed by the color steel plates is transferred to the circulating water through metal water pipes to achieve cooling; a similar structure is also used on the walls.

[0220] On sunny days, the temperature of the circulating water is above 50-60 degrees. It can be directly connected to the adsorption refrigeration device to obtain low-temperature water flow and stored in a water drying bucket, etc.; or it can be exposed to more than 80 degrees after being exposed to the preset heat-insulating water bucket and heating mechanism. The heated circulating water flow is sent to the hot water type lithium bromide adsorption refrigeration unit for cooling operation, further reducing the indoor temperature to within 25 degrees.

[0221] Example 5:

[0222] A large commercial building is located in a prime location in the downtown area of ​​a first-tier tropical city. The roof features a skylight, outdoor dining area, starlight room, and sun room. The exterior walls are made of glass curtain walls, dry-hanging marble and granite stone curtain walls, and metal curtain walls. An energy-saving solution for the exterior envelope structure is being designed:

[0223] The skylight adopts a simple combination of a single layer of 5mm thick low-reflection tempered glass + a double-layer hollow sun panel structure. The hollow channels of the sun panel serve as circulating water channels, mainly in the horizontal direction to reduce the impact of water pressure. A 150 air insulation layer is retained between the two, and one to multiple layers of hollow film structure are installed inside to form an insulation layer; if necessary, one to multiple layers of flame-retardant transparent inflatable column structure are pasted on the bottom of the sun panel as a thermal insulation layer.

[0224] The outdoor roof is planned to be equipped with new-type sunrooms and starlight rooms, while the ground is paved with a water storage barrel structure connected to the circulating water pipe. A bracket is set on the wind-resistant water barrel and a translucent multi-layer film combination structure is laid to form a sunroom or starlight room.

[0225] The glass curtain wall also adopts the structure shown in Figure 22. The outer protective layer is a simple combination of a single layer of 5 mm thick low-reflection tempered glass + a double-layer hollow sun panel structure. A 150 air insulation layer is retained between the two, and one to multiple layers of film combination structure are arranged inside to form an insulation layer; if necessary, one to multiple layers of flame-retardant transparent inflatable column structure are pasted on the inside of the sun panel as a thermal insulation layer; the guardrail is changed to a 1.2-meter-high water bucket structure.

[0226] The metal curtain wall is equipped with a circulating water pipe network on the inner side of the metal plate, mainly DN15 metal water pipes, and connected to the water pipes with thermal conductive adhesive to form a heat absorption layer; at the same time, a 1 mm layer of metal water pipes is installed 200 mm outside the metal plate.

[0227] A thick single-layer transparent solar panel is used, and a multi-layer film composite structure is arranged in between to form an insulation layer.

[0228] For marble and granite curtain walls, a circulating water pipe network is installed on the inner side of the stone slabs, mainly DN15 metal water pipes. A metal wire network is pasted on the stone slabs to form a heat-conducting wire network, and a heat-conducting adhesive is used to connect the water pipes to form a heat-absorbing layer. At the same time, a 1 mm thick single-layer transparent sun panel is installed 200 mm outside, and one to multiple layers of transparent inflatable film combination structures are arranged to form an insulation layer.

[0229] The medium-temperature hot water obtained from the roofs and exterior walls of various buildings is heated to above 50-60 degrees and then connected to an adsorption refrigeration device; or it is exposed to 80-90 degrees and then connected to a hot water-type lithium bromide adsorption refrigeration unit, becoming an air conditioner with almost no energy consumption except for the cooling tower and circulating water pump; a small amount of photovoltaic panels is used to supplement electricity, or a Rankine waste heat generator set is installed to generate electricity all year round, making it a green building or even a zero-carbon building.

[0230] This document is described with reference to various exemplary embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that changes and modifications may be made to the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of this document. For example, the various operational steps and components used to perform the operational steps may be implemented in different ways (e.g., one or more steps may be deleted, modified, or incorporated into other steps) depending on the specific application or any number of cost functions associated with the operation of the system.

[0231] Although the principles of this invention have been shown in various embodiments, many modifications of structure, arrangement, proportion, elements, materials and components that are particularly suitable for specific environments and operational requirements can be used without departing from the principles and scope of this invention. The above modifications and other changes or amendments are intended to be included within the scope of this invention.

[0232] The foregoing detailed description has been described with reference to various embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure will be considered in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and all such modifications will be included within its scope. Similarly, the advantages, other advantages and solutions to the problems of the various embodiments have been described above. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to the problems and any elements that can produce these, or make them more specific, should not be interpreted as critical, required or necessary. The term "comprising" and any other variants used in this article are all non-exclusive inclusions, so that a process, method, article or device that includes a list of elements includes not only these elements, but also other elements that are not explicitly listed or do not belong to the process, method, system, article or device. In addition, the term "coupled" and any other variants used in this article refer to physical connections, electrical connections, magnetic connections, optical connections, communication connections, functional connections and / or any other connections.

[0233] Those skilled in the art will recognize that many changes can be made to the details of the above embodiments without departing from the basic principles of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.

Claims

1. A solar building or solar greenhouse building, consisting of an enclosure structure system, a heat collection and storage system, a foundation structure or foundation and main works, a control facility system, a heating and ventilation system, and ancillary facilities, characterized by: The enclosure structure system consists of an enclosure layer (1), an insulation layer (2), a heat absorption layer (3), and a thermal insulation layer (4). The thin film transparent material encloses a closed space to form a hollow film structure. The transparent insulation layer (2) is designed by enclosing at least two or more closed static air layers. The heat absorption layer (3) consists of a heat collecting plate, a heat collecting medium, and a heat collecting medium pipeline.

2. The solar greenhouse building according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enclosure structure system consists of an enclosure layer (1), an insulation layer (2), a heat absorption layer (3), a thermal insulation layer (4) and an auxiliary layer (41). The enclosure layer (1), the insulation layer (2), the heat absorption layer (3) and the thermal insulation layer (4) are transparent structures arranged in sequence. At least one layer of hollow film structure is provided in the space below the transparent enclosure layer (1) to form at least two static air layers, forming the thermal insulation layer (2); at least one layer of transparent hollow film structure is covered under the heat absorption layer (3) as the thermal insulation layer (4); and the auxiliary layer (41) is added under the thermal insulation layer (4), and the auxiliary layer (41) is a functional pipeline layer.

3. The solar greenhouse building according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat collection and heat storage system is composed of a heat preservation water bucket (10), a solar water storage tank, a circulation pipe network, a heat pump structure or a heat pump (6), a heating device, a temperature regulating and dehumidifying device, and a power generation device. The solar water storage tank includes a low-temperature water tank (11) and a high-temperature water tank (12). The circulation pipe network includes an internal circulation pipe (62) and an external circulation pipe (61). The water in the low-temperature water tank (11) enters the circulation water pipe of the membrane composite structure through a pipe, and after the water is heated, it is sent to the heat preservation water bucket (10) and then sent back to the high-temperature water tank (12) to form the external circulation pipe (61). The water flows from the high-temperature water tank (12) into the heat pump structure (6) through a pipe connected to the heat pump structure (6). After the temperature is adjusted, the circulating water flows back to the low-temperature water tank (11). The circulating water circulates in one direction between the high-temperature water tank (12) and the low-temperature water tank (11). A circulation pipe network is provided from the heat pump structure (6) to enter the interior of the greenhouse to form the internal circulation pipe (62).

4. The solar greenhouse building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In the enclosure structure system, rigid inflatable short columns or rigid brackets (21) are arranged inside the hollow film structure as a supporting skeleton. The fixed ends of the hollow film structure are stretched and fixed at both ends to maintain the cross-sectional shape of the hollow transparent film and seal the static air layer. The stretched structure assists in retraction and expansion after the fixed ends are released.

5. The solar greenhouse building according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the enclosure structure system, an inner bracket (72) is arranged inside the outer bracket and the greenhouse film (7), the heat insulating layer (2) is arranged between the outer side of the inner bracket (72) and the outer bracket and the greenhouse film (7), the heat absorbing layer (3) is arranged inside, and a black heat absorbing hose (71) is provided; or the heat insulating layer (2) and the heat absorbing layer (3) are pasted on the outer side of the outer bracket and the greenhouse film (7).

6. The solar greenhouse building according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the heat collection and heat storage system, the surface of the heat-insulating water barrel (10) is coated with a heat-absorbing coating, and the entire outer surface of the heat-insulating water storage tank (10) is covered with an insulation layer (2); an interface is reserved on the upper part of the heat-insulating water storage tank (10) and is rigidly connected to a protective layer support, an anti-lift pile, etc., and a plurality of the heat-insulating water storage tanks (10) are connected in a row to form a strong wind-resistant and force-bearing whole; a pipe interface is provided at the bottom of each of the heat-insulating water storage tanks (10) to connect and control the flow of water in and out; and / or, the ratio of the area of ​​the heat-absorbing plate of the barrel body to the amount of water in the barrel is determined according to the conditions of region, latitude, sunlight radiation intensity, atmospheric temperature, and initial water temperature.

7. The solar greenhouse building according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the enclosure structure system, a high-temperature ventilation duct inlet (22) is provided between the thermal insulation layer (2) and the enclosure layer (1).

8. The solar building or solar greenhouse building according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-buried anchor pieces (102) on the multi-level gentle slope filling layer (104) lock the heat-insulating water-drying buckets (10), and the heat-insulating water-drying buckets (10) are sequentially connected in rows to form a firm wind-resistant and force-bearing whole.

9. The solar greenhouse building according to claim 1, characterized in that: The geotextile composite layer (103) and the multi-level gentle slope fill layer (104), the heat-insulating water barrel (10), the enclosure structure and the support (101) form a closed structure, and a downspout (105) and a rainwater treatment system (106) are provided; a methane and N2O collection device and a combustion and power generation device are provided on the top of the greenhouse; and a water curtain deodorization and disinfection device is provided; The clean air flow in the greenhouse is organized to circulate in one direction; a salt water freezing and ice-water separation control mechanism is provided inside the heat-insulating water barrel (10); and auxiliary evaporation facilities and a dehumidification device are provided.

10. The solar greenhouse building according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-insulating water-drying barrel (10) serves as a support for the enclosure layer. The enclosure structure is directly laid and floated on the water surface and fixed, and a multi-functional pipeline layer is added. A rigid support is set up in combination with a buoy support and fixed at both ends to form a stable structure. High-yield aquatic plant planting areas are arranged in rows, and a fan is used to blow water to increase oxygen. An aeration water storage tank (202) is used at the bottom of the enclosure layer (1) to supply water to micro-spray pipes (203). A partition plate (204) divides the planting area into multiple flow channels, and blowers are arranged in sequence to drive the water flow to circulate in one direction. At the same time, the air flow blows the water mist or fine water flow sprayed by the micro-spray pipes and micro-spray heads (203) to promote evaporation and heat absorption, thereby cooling.

11. The solar greenhouse building according to claim 10, characterized in that: A high-speed air duct (205) is provided to separate it from the water surface. A fan and a water jet are provided in the high-speed air duct. The partition plate (204) is provided as a water curtain plate with water flowing from top to bottom. The water after cooling, aeration and oxygenation flows into the water surface along the bottom end of the water curtain plate.

12. The solar building according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enclosure structure system is composed of an enclosure layer (1), an insulation layer (2), a heat absorption layer (3), a thermal insulation layer (4) and a water cooling layer (5), which are arranged in sequence. A heat-conducting heat absorption plate (31) coated with a heat absorption coating is connected to a heat collecting medium flow pipe (51) by heat conduction to form a heat absorption layer (3); an enclosure layer (1) is arranged on the upper part of the heat absorption layer (3), and the space between the heat absorption layer (3) and the enclosure layer (1) is filled with at least two layers of hollow film structures to form an insulation layer (2); an insulation layer (4) is arranged on the lower part of the heat absorption layer (3); a water cooling layer (5) is added between the thermal insulation layer (4) and the base layer, and the water cooling layer (5) is composed of a heat dissipation plate (52) and a heat collecting medium flow pipe (51); the water cooling layer (5) is thermally bonded to the base layer; a rope traction mechanism is reserved between the enclosure layer (1) and the heat absorption layer (3) to facilitate installation, maintenance and replacement.

13. The solar building according to claim 12, characterized in that: A heat-conducting wire mesh structure is laid on the heat-conducting and heat-absorbing plate (31). The heat-conducting wire mesh is made of a material with good heat-conducting properties, is evenly distributed on the heat-conducting and heat-absorbing plate (35), and is connected to form a mesh to conduct heat with the heat-collecting medium flow pipe (51).

14. The solar building according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat-insulating water-drying bucket (10) is a multi-stage water-drying bucket structure with at least two stages, and the wall of the bucket is affixed with a heat-conducting heat-absorbing plate and coated with a heat-absorbing paint; A heat-conducting and heat-absorbing plate is also laid on the inner side and coated with a waterproof coating; a heat conductor is provided between the heat-conducting and heat-absorbing plate and the heat-dissipating plate; and the outer surface is covered with a heat-insulating layer (2) and a heat-insulating structure is provided.

15. The solar building according to claim 1, characterized in that The enclosure structure system is arranged in sequence according to the enclosure layer (1), the insulation layer (2), the heat absorption layer (3), the water wall, and the thermal insulation layer (4); a heat-conducting heat collecting plate (51) coated with a heat absorption coating is used, and is connected to the heat collecting medium flow pipe (51) by heat conduction to form the heat absorption layer (3); an enclosure layer (1) is provided on the upper part of the heat absorption layer (3), and an air layer therebetween is filled with two or more layers of hollow film structures to form the thermal insulation layer (2); a multi-stage water drying bucket 10 forms a water wall, and thermal insulation layers are provided on both sides.

16. The solar building according to claim 1, characterized in that The enclosure structure system is composed of an enclosure layer (1), a heat-absorbing layer (3), and a heat-insulating water-drying bucket (10). The enclosure layer (1) is followed by the heat-absorbing layer (3), the heat-insulating water-drying bucket (10) is arranged at the bottom, and a transparent heat-insulating layer (4) is arranged at the top of the heat-insulating water-drying bucket (10); water flow from the heat-absorbing layer (3) is connected to the heat-insulating water-drying bucket (10).

17. The solar building according to claim 1, characterized in that The enclosure structure system is composed of an enclosure layer (1), an insulation layer (2), a heat absorption layer (3), a water wall, and a thermal insulation layer (4) in sequence; a heat-conducting heat collecting plate coated with a heat absorption coating and a heat collecting medium flow pipe are connected by heat conduction to form a heat absorption layer (3); an air layer between the upper part of the heat absorption layer (3) and the enclosure layer (1) is filled with at least two layers of transparent hollow film insulation layers (2); a multi-stage heat preservation water barrel (10) forms a water wall heat storage layer, and heat preservation layers are provided on both sides; and the heat collecting medium enters the heat preservation water barrel for storage.

18. The solar building according to claim 1, characterized in that The enclosure structure system is provided with a one-way heat-conducting structure (32) between the heat-absorbing layer (3) and the heat-conducting layer (31) of the water-cooling layer (5). The one-way heat-conducting structure (32) is provided as a liquid heat bridge opening and closing device. The heat-conducting middle portion bonded to the heat-conducting plates on both sides has an insulating section to form an open heat bridge. A heat-conducting sheet is provided in the pipe to enhance the heat-conducting capacity. When the pipe is filled with heat-conducting fluid, the heat bridge is closed.

19. The solar building according to claim 1, characterized in that In the enclosure structure system, a water-cooling layer (5) is added to the enclosure structure base layer (33), which is covered with a thermal insulation layer (4), and the thermal insulation layer (4) is provided with a waterproof layer and a finishing layer.

20. A hollow film insulation enclosure structure, characterized in that: It comprises a protective layer (1), a heat insulating layer (2), a heat absorbing layer (3), a heat preservation layer (4) and an auxiliary layer (41) which are arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside; The enclosure layer (1) is a transparent rigid load-bearing structure, the insulation layer (2) is a transparent structure, the insulation layer (2) comprises one or more layers of multiple hollow film structures; and / or, the insulation layer (2) is a film column or film tube structure; the space surrounded by at least two layers of the hollow film structures of the insulation layer (2) is divided to form at least two layers of static air insulation layers.

21. The hollow film insulation enclosure structure according to claim 20, wherein: The heat absorbing layer (3) comprises a plurality of transparent heat collecting medium tubes, the heat insulating layer (4) is fixed to or detachably mounted on the inner side of the heat absorbing layer (3), the heat insulating layer (4) comprises one or more layers of the transparent hollow film structure, and the space surrounded by at least two or more layers of the hollow film structure of the heat insulating layer (4) is divided to form at least two or more layers of static air heat insulating layers.

22. The hollow film insulation enclosure structure according to claim 21, wherein: The hollow film structure is a semi-closed structure, and has a supporting frame inside, with a tensile structure and a fixed structure at both ends; the hollow film structure can be expanded by stretching at both ends, and can be stored by compressing at both ends; the supporting frame includes multiple inflatable columns or multiple rigid material frames.

23. The hollow film insulation enclosure structure according to claim 20, wherein: A high-temperature ventilation duct inlet (13) is provided in the gap space between the enclosure layer (1) and the insulation layer (2), and the high-temperature ventilation duct inlet (13) is used to introduce hot air.

24. A solar greenhouse, characterized in that: It comprises a greenhouse film (7) or a transparent wall, and also comprises a hollow film insulation enclosure structure as described in any one of claims 20 to 23, wherein the enclosure structure is arranged on the outside or inside of the greenhouse film (7) or the transparent wall.

25. A water-drying bucket-type heat collecting structure, characterized in that: include: The heat-insulating layer (2) is a transparent structure, the heat-insulating layer (2) comprises one or more layers of a plurality of hollow film structures; and / or the heat-insulating layer (2) is a film column or film tube structure; and A plurality of heat-insulating water-drying buckets (10) arranged side by side, wherein the plurality of heat-insulating water-drying buckets (10) can be assembled into a wall, wherein the heat-insulating water-drying buckets (10) are used to accommodate a heat-collecting medium, and the heat-insulating water-drying buckets (10) can transfer solar energy to the heat-collecting medium in the heat-insulating water-drying buckets (10); The heat-insulating layer (2) is located on the side of the heat-insulating water-drying bucket (10) facing the sun; the side of the heat-insulating water-drying bucket (10) facing the sun is provided with a heat-conducting layer; and / or the side of the heat-insulating water-drying bucket (10) facing away from the sun is provided with a heat-insulating layer (4).

26. The water-drying bucket type heat collection structure according to claim 25, characterized in that: The heat-insulating water bucket comprises a multi-level water bucket structure stacked up and down, which is tightly connected up and down to form a wind-resistant whole; the outer wall of the multi-level water bucket structure is a heat-absorbing plate, and the inner wall of the multi-level water bucket structure is a heat-dissipating plate, and a heat conductor is connected between the heat-absorbing plate and the heat-dissipating plate.

27. A solar greenhouse, characterized in that: It comprises a water-drying bucket type heat collecting structure and a bracket (101) as described in claim 25 or 26, wherein a plurality of the heat-insulating water-drying buckets (10) are enclosed to form a wall, the bracket (101) is fixed to or detachably installed on the upper ends of the plurality of the heat-insulating water-drying buckets (10), and the heat-insulating layer (2) is laid on the outside of the heat-insulating water-drying buckets (10) and the bracket (101).

28. A solar building, characterized in that: The water wall structure comprises: A protective layer (1), wherein the protective layer (1) is a transparent structure; A heat-insulating layer (2), wherein the heat-insulating layer (2) is a transparent structure, the heat-insulating layer (2) is installed on the inner side of the enclosure layer (1), and the heat-insulating layer (2) includes one or more layers of a plurality of hollow film structures; and / or the heat-insulating layer (2) is a film column or film tube structure; a heat absorbing layer (3), the heat absorbing layer (3) being installed on the inner side of the heat insulating layer (2), the heat absorbing layer (3) comprising a plurality of transparent heat collecting medium tubes, and the heat absorbing layer (3) being used to collect solar energy passing through the heat insulating layer (2); A heat-insulating layer (4), the heat-insulating layer (4) being installed on the inner side of the heat-absorbing layer (3); A base layer (33), the base layer (33) being installed on the inner side of the thermal insulation layer (4); and A cover plate bracket (35), the cover plate bracket (35) being installed at least on both sides of the heat insulating layer (2) and the heat absorbing layer (3).

29. The solar building according to claim 28, wherein: The heat collecting layer and the water cooling layer (5) are installed between the heat absorbing layer (3) and the heat insulating layer (4), and the heat collecting layer includes one or more layers of the heat insulating water barrel (10); the enclosure structure also includes a water cooling layer (5), and the water cooling layer (5) is installed between the heat insulating layer (4) and the base layer (33), and the water cooling layer (5) includes a plurality of heat dissipation medium pipes.

30. The solar building according to claim 29, wherein: A heat collecting connecting plate is provided between two adjacent heat collecting medium tubes, a heat dissipating connecting plate is provided between adjacent heat dissipating medium tubes, and a one-way heat conducting structure (23) is connected between the heat collecting connecting plate and the heat dissipating connecting plate.

31. The solar building according to claim 29, wherein: A plurality of preset grooves (16) are provided on the outer side of the heat absorption layer (3), and the enclosure layer (1) and the heat insulation layer (2) are fixed or detachably installed in the preset grooves (16).

Images