Light-emitting substrate and display module

Abstract

A light-emitting substrate. The light-emitting substrate comprises a substrate, a cover plate, and a plurality of light-emitting elements located on the substrate, wherein the plurality of light-emitting elements are located between the substrate and the cover plate; the cover plate comprises a plurality of lens structures which protrude towards one side of the substrate; and the orthographic projections of the centers of the lens structures on the substrate are located outside the orthographic projections of the light-emitting elements on the substrate, and the orthographic projection of each of at least some of the lens structures on the substrate is located between the orthographic projections, on the substrate, of light-emitting elements adjacent thereto.

Description

Light-emitting substrate and display module Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a light-emitting substrate and a display module. Background Art

[0002] With the development of light-emitting diode (LED) technology, mini-LEDs (Mini Light Emitting Diodes) and micro-LEDs (Micro Light Emitting Diodes) have gained widespread application. Mini-LEDs and micro-LEDs offer excellent performance in terms of brightness, lifespan, contrast, response time, energy consumption, viewing angle, and resolution. They also possess the advantages of self-luminescence, simple structure, compact size, and energy efficiency, and are considered the next generation of display technology.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] In one aspect, a light-emitting substrate is provided. The light-emitting substrate comprises a substrate, a cover plate, and a plurality of light-emitting elements located on the substrate. The plurality of light-emitting elements are located between the substrate and the cover plate. The cover plate comprises a plurality of lens structures protruding toward one side of the substrate. The orthographic projections of the centers of the lens structures on the substrate are located outside the orthographic projections of the light-emitting elements on the substrate, and at least some of the orthographic projections of the lens structures on the substrate are located between the orthographic projections of adjacent light-emitting elements on the substrate.

[0005] In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate further includes a sealing portion and a filling portion, wherein the sealing portion, the substrate, and the cover plate together form a sealed space surrounding the filling portion, wherein the refractive index of the filling portion is less than the refractive index of the lens structure.

[0006] In some embodiments, the filling portion is a gas.

[0007] In some embodiments, the cover plate further includes an extension portion extending parallel to an extension plane of the substrate, the extension portion is located on a side of the lens structure away from the substrate, and the extension portion is connected to the lens structure.

[0008] In some embodiments, the lens structure and the extension portion are an integral structure.

[0009] In some embodiments, the material of the lens structure includes at least one of transparent glass and transparent resin; and / or the material of the extension portion includes at least one of transparent glass and transparent resin.

[0010] In some embodiments, a surface of a cover region located between adjacent lens structures and facing the substrate is conformal to an extended surface of the substrate.

[0011] In some embodiments, a surface of the cover region between adjacent lens structures facing the substrate is flat.

[0012] In some embodiments, the lens structure has a cross-sectional area that decreases toward the substrate; an extension direction of the cross-section is parallel to an extension direction of the substrate relative to the lens structure.

[0013] In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate includes a light-emitting area defined by the outer contour of the outermost light-emitting element. The light-emitting substrate includes a first support column positioned between the substrate and the cover plate, the first support column being disposed in contact with both the substrate and the cover plate. The orthographic projection of the first support column on the substrate surrounds the light-emitting area.

[0014] In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate includes a sealing portion and a filling portion, wherein the sealing portion, the substrate, and the cover plate together form a closed space surrounding the filling portion. The orthographic projection of the first support column on the substrate is located between the orthographic projection of the sealing portion on the substrate and the light-emitting area.

[0015] In some embodiments, the plurality of lens structures are all lens structures present on the cover plate.

[0016] In some embodiments, along the thickness direction of the light-emitting element, the minimum distance from the lens structure to the substrate is less than or equal to the distance from the end of the light-emitting element away from the substrate to the substrate.

[0017] In some embodiments, the plurality of light-emitting elements include a plurality of light-emitting element groups, each light-emitting element group including at least one light-emitting element, and the plurality of light-emitting element groups are arranged in multiple rows and columns, with adjacent light-emitting elements in two adjacent rows being staggered in a first direction, and adjacent light-emitting elements in two adjacent columns being staggered in a second direction. The first direction is the row direction of the plurality of light-emitting elements, and the second direction is the column direction of the plurality of light-emitting elements. The orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is located between adjacent light-emitting element groups and is spaced apart from the light-emitting element groups.

[0018] In some embodiments, one of the light-emitting element groups includes one light-emitting element. The plurality of light-emitting elements includes a plurality of first light-emitting elements, a plurality of second light-emitting elements, and a plurality of third light-emitting elements, wherein one of the first light-emitting elements, the second light-emitting elements, and the third light-emitting elements is configured to emit red light, another is configured to emit green light, and another is configured to emit blue light. A line connecting the centers of the orthographic projections of the closest first light-emitting element, the closest second light-emitting element, and the closest third light-emitting element on the substrate forms a triangle.

[0019] In some embodiments, the maximum length of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate along the first direction is less than or equal to the distance between two adjacent light-emitting elements of the lens structure in the first direction. And / or the maximum length of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate along the second direction is less than or equal to the distance between two adjacent light-emitting elements of the lens structure in the second direction.

[0020] In some embodiments, along the first direction, the orthographic projection of the center of the lens structure on the substrate is equal to the interval between two adjacent light-emitting elements. And / or, along the second direction, the orthographic projection of the center of the lens structure on the substrate is equal to the interval between two adjacent light-emitting elements.

[0021] In some embodiments, the light-emitting element includes a first semiconductor layer, a light-emitting layer, and a second semiconductor layer stacked in sequence along a direction away from the substrate. In the thickness direction of the light-emitting element, the minimum distance from the lens structure to the substrate is less than or equal to the distance from the surface of the light-emitting layer away from the substrate to the substrate. Alternatively, in the thickness direction of the light-emitting element, the minimum distance from the lens structure to the substrate is greater than the distance from the surface of the light-emitting layer away from the substrate to the substrate, and the difference between the minimum distance from the lens structure to the substrate and the distance from the surface of the light-emitting layer away from the substrate to the substrate is less than or equal to 10 μm.

[0022] In some embodiments, in the first direction, the distance between the center of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate and the first light-emitting element is greater than the distance between the center of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate and the second light-emitting element, and greater than the distance between the center of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate and the third light-emitting element. And / or, in the second direction, the distance between the center of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate and the first light-emitting element is greater than the distance between the center of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate and the second light-emitting element, and greater than the distance between the center of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate and the third light-emitting element.

[0023] In some embodiments, the light-emitting element includes a target light-emitting element, and the viewing angle brightness of the target light-emitting element on a first side in a third direction is greater than the viewing angle brightness of the target light-emitting element on a second side in the third direction. The third direction is parallel to the first direction or the second direction. The target light-emitting element includes a lens structure on each side along the third direction, and the distance between the orthographic projection of the center of the lens structure on the first side of the target light-emitting element and the target light-emitting element on the substrate is less than the distance between the orthographic projection of the center of the lens structure on the second side of the target light-emitting element and the target light-emitting element on the substrate. The target light-emitting element is at least one of the first light-emitting element, the second light-emitting element, and the third light-emitting element.

[0024] In some embodiments, the shape of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is at least one of an ellipse and a rectangle, and the lens structure includes a long axis direction and a short axis direction, and the size of the lens structure along the long axis direction is greater than the size along the short axis direction. Among the multiple lens structures, the lens structure located on the periphery of the first light-emitting element is the first lens structure; the long axis direction of the first lens structure is perpendicular to the direction of the line connecting the center of the first light-emitting element and the center of the first lens structure. Wherein, when the shape of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is an ellipse, the long axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the long axis direction of the ellipse, and the short axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the short axis direction of the ellipse; when the shape of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is a rectangle, the long axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the long side direction of the rectangle, and the short axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the short side direction of the rectangle.

[0025] In some embodiments, the shape of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is at least one of an ellipse and a rectangle, the lens structure includes a major axis direction and a minor axis direction, and the size of the lens structure along the major axis direction is greater than the size along the minor axis direction. The multiple lens structures are arranged in multiple rows, and a row includes multiple lens structures arranged along a first direction; the major axes of the lens structures in the same row are parallel, and the major axes of the lens structures in two adjacent rows are perpendicular. Wherein, when the shape of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is an ellipse, the major axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the major axis direction of the ellipse, and the minor axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the minor axis direction of the ellipse; when the shape of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is a rectangle, the major axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the long side direction of the rectangle, and the minor axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the short side direction of the rectangle.

[0026] In some embodiments, the first light-emitting element is configured to emit red light; one of the second light-emitting element and the third light-emitting element is configured to emit green light, and the other is configured to emit blue light.

[0027] In some embodiments, the plurality of light-emitting elements include a plurality of light-emitting element groups, each light-emitting element group includes at least two light-emitting elements, and the spacing between two adjacent light-emitting elements in the same light-emitting element group is smaller than the spacing between two adjacent light-emitting element groups. The orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is located between two adjacent light-emitting element groups and is spaced apart from the light-emitting element groups.

[0028] In some embodiments, the plurality of light-emitting elements include a plurality of first light-emitting elements, a plurality of second light-emitting elements, and a plurality of third light-emitting elements, wherein one of the first light-emitting elements, the second light-emitting elements, and the third light-emitting elements is configured to emit red light, another is configured to emit green light, and another is configured to emit blue light. The light-emitting element group includes a first light-emitting element, a second light-emitting element, and a third light-emitting element adjacent to each other along a first direction, and the area defined by the outer contour of the light-emitting element group is the first area; the first direction is the row direction in which the plurality of light-emitting elements are arranged. The shape of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is at least one of an ellipse and a rectangle, and the lens structure includes a long axis direction and a short axis direction, and the size of the lens structure along the long axis direction is greater than the size along the short axis direction. The long axis direction of the lens structure is parallel to the extension direction of the side of the first area close to the lens structure. In which, when the shape of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is an ellipse, the long axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the long axis direction of the ellipse, and the short axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the short axis direction of the ellipse; when the shape of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is a rectangle, the long axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the long side direction of the rectangle, and the short axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the short side direction of the rectangle.

[0029] In some embodiments, a lens structure is disposed between two adjacent light-emitting element groups along the first direction, and a lens structure is disposed between two adjacent light-emitting element groups along the second direction. The adjacent ends of the four lens structures located between four light-emitting element groups in two adjacent rows and two columns form a second region. The light-emitting substrate further includes a plurality of second support columns, one of which is located within each second region and is disposed in contact with both the substrate and the cover plate.

[0030] In some embodiments, the size of the light-emitting element is less than or equal to 50 μm; and / or the interval between two adjacent light-emitting elements along the first direction is 6 μm to 300 μm; the first direction is the row direction in which the multiple light-emitting element groups are arranged; and / or the interval between two adjacent light-emitting elements along the second direction is 6 μm to 300 μm; the second direction is the column direction in which the multiple light-emitting element groups are arranged.

[0031] In some embodiments, the light emitting element is close to one end of the cover plate and is spaced apart from the cover plate.

[0032] In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate further includes a sealing portion and a filling portion, wherein the sealing portion, the substrate, and the cover plate together form a sealed space surrounding the filling portion. And / or, the refractive index of the lens structure is greater than or equal to 1.5.

[0033] In some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate is a display substrate, and further comprises a driving circuit layer located on the substrate, wherein the driving circuit layer is electrically connected to the light-emitting element and is used to provide a driving signal to the light-emitting element.

[0034] In some embodiments, the light-emitting element is a mini-LED or a micro-LED.

[0035] In another aspect, a display module is further provided, comprising the light-emitting substrate described in any of the above embodiments.

[0036] In another aspect, a display device is provided. The display device includes a liquid crystal display panel and the light-emitting substrate described in any one of the above embodiments. The liquid crystal display panel is disposed on the light-emitting side of the light-emitting substrate.

[0037] In another aspect, a display device is provided, comprising the above-mentioned light-emitting substrate, and a first polarizer, a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective film, a first lens, a second polarizer, a reflective polarizer, and a second lens stacked in sequence on the light-emitting side of the light-emitting substrate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in some embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the drawings described below are only drawings of some embodiments of the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings. Furthermore, the drawings described below are schematic diagrams and are not intended to limit the actual dimensions of the products, actual processes of the methods, actual timing of signals, and the like involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG1 is a structural diagram of a display device according to some embodiments;

[0040] FIG2 is another structural diagram of a display device according to some embodiments;

[0041] FIG3 is another structural diagram of a display device according to some embodiments;

[0042] FIG4 is a planar structural diagram of a light-emitting substrate according to some embodiments;

[0043] FIG5 is a cross-sectional view taken along section line AA in FIG4 ;

[0044] FIG6A is a structural diagram of a light emitting element according to some embodiments;

[0045] FIG6B is another structural diagram of a light emitting element according to some embodiments;

[0046] FIG7 is a diagram illustrating a light path of light passing through a lens structure according to some embodiments;

[0047] FIG8A is a diagram illustrating relative positions of a lens structure and a light-emitting element according to some embodiments;

[0048] FIG8B is another diagram illustrating relative positions of a lens structure and a light emitting element according to some embodiments;

[0049] FIG8C is a diagram illustrating another relative position of a lens structure and a light emitting element according to some embodiments;

[0050] FIG9 is a graph showing the viewing angle and luminous intensity of a light-emitting element at different positions of a lens structure and a light-emitting element according to some embodiments;

[0051] FIG10 is a graph showing viewing angles and luminous intensity of a light-emitting element at different curvatures according to some embodiments;

[0052] FIG11 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of lens structures and light-emitting elements according to some embodiments;

[0053] FIG12 is a graph showing the viewing angle and luminous intensity of a light emitting element at different intervals between a lens structure and the light emitting element according to some embodiments;

[0054] FIG13 is a diagram illustrating another arrangement of lens structures and light-emitting elements according to some embodiments;

[0055] FIG14 is a diagram illustrating another arrangement of lens structures and light-emitting elements according to some embodiments;

[0056] FIG15 is a diagram illustrating another arrangement of lens structures and light-emitting elements according to some embodiments;

[0057] FIG16 is a diagram illustrating another arrangement of lens structures and light-emitting elements according to some embodiments;

[0058] FIG17 is a graph showing the viewing angle and luminous intensity of a light-emitting element at different lens structure positions according to some embodiments;

[0059] FIG18 is a diagram illustrating another arrangement of lens structures and light-emitting elements according to some embodiments;

[0060] FIG19 is a diagram illustrating another arrangement of lens structures and light-emitting elements according to some embodiments;

[0061] FIG20A is an arrangement diagram when the long axis direction of the lens structure is parallel to the extending direction of the side length of the light emitting element according to some embodiments;

[0062] FIG20B is an arrangement diagram when the short axis direction of the lens structure is parallel to the extending direction of the side length of the light emitting element according to some embodiments;

[0063] FIG20C is a graph showing the viewing angle and luminous intensity of a light-emitting element under different lens structure arrangement directions according to some embodiments;

[0064] FIG21 is a diagram illustrating another arrangement of lens structures and light-emitting elements according to some embodiments;

[0065] FIG22 is a diagram illustrating another arrangement of lens structures and light-emitting elements according to some embodiments;

[0066] FIG23 is another planar structural diagram of a light-emitting substrate according to some embodiments;

[0067] FIG24 is a cross-sectional view taken along section line BB in FIG23;

[0068] FIG. 25 is another planar structural diagram of a light-emitting substrate according to some embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in some embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments provided by the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0070] Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprise" and its other forms, such as the third person singular form "comprises" and the present participle form "comprising", are to be interpreted as open and inclusive, that is, "including, but not limited to". In the description of the specification, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "exemplary embodiments", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" are intended to indicate that the particular features, structures, materials or characteristics associated with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. The schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. In addition, the particular features, structures, materials or characteristics may be included in any one or more embodiments or examples in any appropriate manner.

[0071] In the following, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0072] When describing some embodiments, the word "connected" and its derivatives may be used. The term "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, "connected" can mean fixed, removable, or integrated; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary. The embodiments disclosed herein are not necessarily limited to the contents of this document.

[0073] “A and / or B” includes the following three combinations: A only, B only, and a combination of A and B.

[0074] The use of "configured to" herein is intended to be open and inclusive language that does not exclude devices adapted or configured to perform additional tasks or steps.

[0075] Additionally, the use of “based on” is meant to be open and inclusive, as a process, step, calculation, or other action “based on” one or more stated conditions or values ​​may, in practice, be based on additional conditions or values ​​beyond those stated.

[0076] As used herein, "about," "substantially," or "approximately" includes the stated value and an average value that is within an acceptable range of deviation from the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art taking into account the measurements in question and the errors associated with the measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system).

[0077] As used herein, "parallel", "perpendicular", and "equal" include the situations described and situations similar to the situations described, and the range of the similar situations is within an acceptable deviation range, wherein the acceptable deviation range is as determined by a person of ordinary skill in the art taking into account the measurement in question and the errors associated with the measurement of the specific quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, "parallel" includes absolute parallelism and approximate parallelism, wherein the acceptable deviation range of approximate parallelism can be, for example, a deviation within 5°; "perpendicular" includes absolute perpendicularity and approximate perpendicularity, wherein the acceptable deviation range of approximate perpendicularity can also be, for example, a deviation within 5°. "Equal" includes absolute equality and approximate equality, wherein the acceptable deviation range of approximate equality can be, for example, that the difference between the two equals is less than or equal to 5% of either one.

[0078] It will be understood that when a layer or element is referred to as being on another layer or substrate, it can be directly on the other layer or substrate, or intervening layers may be present therebetween.

[0079] Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross-sectional and / or plan views that are idealized exemplary drawings. In the drawings, the thickness of layers and the area of ​​regions are exaggerated for clarity. Therefore, variations in shape relative to the drawings due to, for example, manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances are contemplated. Therefore, the exemplary embodiments should not be construed as limited to the shapes of the regions shown herein, but rather include deviations in shape due to, for example, manufacturing. For example, an etched region shown as a rectangle will typically have curved features. Therefore, the regions shown in the drawings are schematic in nature, and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the actual shape of regions of the device and are not intended to limit the scope of the exemplary embodiments.

[0080] 1 , an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display device 1000 , which is a product having an image display function. For example, the display device 1000 can be any device that displays either moving (e.g., video) or fixed (e.g., still images), and whether text or images.

[0081] The display device 1000 can be applied to a variety of electronic devices, such as mobile phones, wireless devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wearable devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, virtual reality (VR) devices, handheld or portable computers, GPS receivers / navigators, cameras, MP4 video players, video cameras, game consoles, watches, clocks, calculators, television monitors, flat-panel displays, computer monitors, automotive displays (e.g., odometer displays), cockpit controls and / or displays, camera view displays (e.g., displays for rearview cameras in vehicles), electronic photographs, electronic billboards or signs, projectors, packaging, and aesthetic structures (e.g., displays for images of jewelry). For example, as shown in FIG1 , the display device 1000 can be a mobile phone.

[0082] From the perspective of the form of the display device 1000, the display device 1000 may be a flat display device, a curved display device, or a foldable display device. From the perspective of the shape of the display device 1000, the display device 1000 may be rectangular or circular. In the following embodiments of the present disclosure, a rectangular and flat display device is used as an example to schematically illustrate the present disclosure. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and any other display device may also be considered as long as the same technical concept is applied.

[0083] The display device 1000 includes a display module, which may include a light-emitting substrate 1100 and a driving circuit board (not shown in the figure). The driving circuit board is connected to the light-emitting substrate and is configured to transmit a control signal to the light-emitting substrate to drive the light-emitting substrate to emit light. In addition, the display device 1000 may also include a touch structure, an under-screen camera, and an under-screen fingerprint recognition sensor, so that the display device 1000 can realize a variety of different functions such as touch, photo taking, video recording, or fingerprint recognition. The structure of the display device 1000 is not limited to this, as long as the same technical concept is adopted.

[0084] Exemplarily, the display device 1000 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD). Referring to FIG2 , in the case where the display device 1000 is a liquid crystal display, the display module may include a light-emitting substrate 1100, a liquid crystal display panel 1200, and an upper polarizer 1300 that are stacked. In this case, the light-emitting substrate 1100 may be a part of a backlight module, and the light-emitting substrate 1100 is located on the non-light-emitting side of the liquid crystal display panel 1200 and is configured to provide a light source to the liquid crystal display panel 1200. The light-emitting substrate 1100 may emit linearly polarized light (for example, the light-emitting substrate 1100 also includes a polarizer) to emit linearly polarized light of a specific polarization direction toward the liquid crystal display panel 1200. The liquid crystal display panel 1200 includes a plurality of sub-pixels, each of which is configured to modulate the linearly polarized light incident therein to adjust the polarization direction of the light emitted by the sub-pixel. The upper polarizer 1300 is arranged on the light-emitting side of the liquid crystal display panel 1200, and is configured to filter the linearly polarized light emitted by each sub-pixel so that the light with the polarization direction being the same as the optical axis direction of the polarizer of the upper polarizer 1300 is emitted, and the light with the polarization direction being perpendicular to the optical axis direction of the polarizer of the upper polarizer 1300 is blocked from being emitted, so as to achieve the display of different grayscales and thus realize image display.

[0085] For example, the display device 1000 may be a direct display device (such as a Micro-LED display device or a Mini-LED display device). The display device 1000 may include a light-emitting substrate 1100 , which may be directly used for displaying images.

[0086] Exemplarily, the display device 1000 may also be a 3D display device. Referring to FIG3 , the display module 1400 may include a light-emitting substrate 1100 and a linear polarizer 1500 disposed on the light-emitting side of the light-emitting substrate 1100. This allows the display module to emit linearly polarized light in a specific polarization direction. The display device 1000 may include the display module 1400 and an optical module 1600 stacked sequentially on the light-emitting side of the display module 1400. For example, the optical module 1600 may include a first polarizer 610, a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective film 620, a first lens 630, a second polarizer 640, a reflective polarizer 650, and a second lens 660, which are sequentially disposed along the light-emitting direction of the light-emitting substrate 1100.

[0087] The first polarizer 610 and the second polarizer 640 may both be quarter-wave plates. The first lens 630 and the second lens 660 may increase the optical path of light emitted from the light-emitting substrate 1100 and may amplify the image displayed by the light-emitting substrate 1100 .

[0088] The following briefly describes the optical path of light emitted by the display device 1000 and incident on the human eye E. As shown in FIG3 ,

[0089] The light emitted by the display module 1400 may be linearly polarized light (e.g., TM light). This polarized light is incident on the first polarizer 610, where it is converted into circularly polarized light before being emitted. This circularly polarized light is incident on the transflective film 620, where a portion of the circularly polarized light is transmitted, and then passes through the first lens 630 before being emitted to the second polarizer 640. This portion of the circularly polarized light is converted into linearly polarized light (e.g., TE light) by the second polarizer 640 before being emitted to the reflective polarizer 650. The linearly polarized light is reflected by the reflective polarizer 650 and then incident on the second polarizer 640 again. After being converted into circularly polarized light by the second polarizer 640, it passes through the first lens 630 and is incident on the transflective film 620. This portion of the circularly polarized light is reflected by the transflective film 620 and then passes through the second polarizer 640, where it is converted into linearly polarized light (e.g., TM light) before being incident on the reflective polarizer 650. The linearly polarized light passes through the reflective polarizer 650 and the second lens 660 and enters the human eye E. Thus, the human eye E can see a picture composed of polarized light (in FIG. 4 , the dotted line with an arrow represents the propagation path of the light emitted by the light-emitting substrate 1100 ).

[0090] It should be understood that the type of display device 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to liquid crystal display devices, direct display devices and 3D display devices, and any other suitable type of display device can be considered as long as the same technical ideas are adopted. The embodiment of the present disclosure will not list them one by one.

[0091] 4 and 5 , the light emitting substrate 1100 may include a substrate 100 , a plurality of light emitting elements 200 located on the substrate 100 , and a cover 300 .

[0092] The substrate 100 has a first surface 101 (the upper surface of the substrate 100 in FIG5 ), and a plurality of light-emitting elements 200 are disposed on the first surface 101 of the substrate 100. The light-emitting substrate 1100 further includes a driving circuit layer located on the substrate 100. In other words, the substrate 100 includes the driving circuit layer, which is configured to be electrically connected to the light-emitting elements 200 and to provide driving signals (such as driving current or driving voltage) to the light-emitting elements 200 to drive the light-emitting elements 200 to emit light and display corresponding grayscale according to the driving signals.

[0093] In some embodiments, the light-emitting element 200 may be an LED light-emitting element. For example, the light-emitting element 200 may be a sub-millimeter light-emitting diode (Mini Light Emitting Diode; referred to as Mini-LED) with a size of 100 μm to 500 μm; or, the light-emitting element 200 may be a micro light-emitting diode (Micro Light Emitting Diode; referred to as Micro-LED) with a size less than 100 μm; or, the light-emitting element 200 may be an LED with a larger size (e.g., greater than 500 μm). When the light-emitting element 200 is a Mini-LED or Micro-LED, the light-emitting element 200 may also be referred to as an LED chip or a light-emitting chip.

[0094] In some embodiments, the size of the light-emitting element 200 is less than or equal to 300 μm. Along the first direction X, the interval between two adjacent light-emitting elements 200 may be D1, with a value of D1 ranging from 50 μm to 1000 μm. Along the second direction Y, the interval between two adjacent light-emitting elements 200 may be D2, with a value of D2 ranging from 50 μm to 1000 μm.

[0095] In some embodiments, the size of the light-emitting element 200 is less than or equal to 50 μm, that is, the size of the orthographic projection of the light-emitting element 200 on the first surface 101 is less than 50 μm. For example, the size of the orthographic projection of the light-emitting element 200 on the first surface 101 can be 50 μm, 45 μm, 40 μm, or other suitable sizes, which are not listed in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0096] Referring to Figure 4, along the first direction X, the interval between two adjacent light-emitting elements 200 can be D1, and the value range of D1 is 6μm to 300μm. For example, the value of D1 can be 6μm, 50μm, 200μm, or 300μm, etc., and the embodiments of the present disclosure will not list them one by one. And / or, along the second direction Y, the interval between two adjacent light-emitting elements 200 can be D2, and the value range of D2 is 6μm to 300μm. The value of D2 can be 6μm, 100μm, 250μm, or 300μm, etc., and the embodiments of the present disclosure will not list them one by one. Among them, the value of D1 and the value of D2 can be equal, or they can be unequal. For example, the value of D1 and the value of D2 can be the same.

[0097] 6A and 6B , when the light emitting element 200 is a Micro-LED, the light emitting element 200 may include a first semiconductor layer 21 , a light emitting layer 22 , and a second semiconductor layer 23 stacked in sequence in a direction away from the substrate 100 .

[0098] The material of the first semiconductor layer 21 can be a P-type semiconductor material, and accordingly, the material of the second semiconductor layer 23 can be an N-type semiconductor material. Alternatively, the material of the first semiconductor layer 21 can be an N-type semiconductor material, and accordingly, the material of the second semiconductor layer 23 can be a P-type semiconductor material. The intrinsic semiconductor material of the above-mentioned P-type semiconductor material and N-type semiconductor material can be any one of gallium nitride (GaN), gallium phosphide (GaP), aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) and aluminum gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP), and the intrinsic semiconductor material is P-type doped or N-type doped to obtain the corresponding P-type semiconductor material and N-type semiconductor material. The light-emitting layer 22 can be a multiple quantum well layer (English: Multiple Quantum Well; abbreviated: MQW).

[0099] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 6B, the light-emitting element 200 may further include a first electrode 24 located on the side of the second semiconductor layer 23 close to the substrate 100, and the first electrode 24 is connected to the second semiconductor layer 23 and the substrate 100 respectively, and is used to connect the substrate 100 to the second semiconductor layer 23 to apply a voltage signal to the second semiconductor layer 23.

[0100] For example, as shown in Figures 6A and 6B, the light-emitting element 200 further includes a second electrode 25, which is located on a side of the first semiconductor layer 21 close to the substrate 100. The second electrode 25 is connected to the first semiconductor layer 21 and the substrate 100. The second electrode 25 is used to transmit electrical signals to the first semiconductor layer 21, such as for applying a voltage to the first semiconductor layer 21. The material of the second electrode 25 may include a metal material. For example, the second electrode 25 may be a metal stack structure, which may include a gold layer (Au), a nickel layer (Ni), an aluminum layer (Al), and a titanium layer (Ti) stacked in a direction away from the driving backplane; or, the metal stack structure may include a gold layer, a platinum layer, and a chromium layer stacked in a direction away from the driving backplane. The second electrode 25 may also act as a reflector to reflect light directed toward the second electrode 25 and emit it away from the substrate 100, thereby increasing the luminous efficiency of the light-emitting element 200.

[0101] It should be noted that the structures of the above-mentioned light-emitting elements 200 are only two specific examples and do not constitute a limitation to the present application, and the light-emitting elements 200 may be light-emitting elements of any other structure.

[0102] In the related art, at least part of the light emitted by the light-emitting element 200 is diverged in all directions. The light diverging in all directions is not only not conducive to improving the brightness of the light-emitting substrate in the direction facing the substrate (perpendicular to the substrate and away from the substrate), but also may cause crosstalk between adjacent light-emitting elements.

[0103] In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a light-emitting substrate 1100 . Referring to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 , the light-emitting substrate 1100 further includes a cover plate 300 .

[0104] The cover plate 300 includes a plurality of lens structures 310 protruding toward one side of the substrate 100. The orthographic projections of the centers 311 of the lens structures 310 on the substrate 100 are located outside the orthographic projections of the light-emitting elements 200 on the substrate 100. In other words, the orthographic projections of the centers 311 of the lens structures 310 on the substrate 100 do not overlap with the orthographic projections of the light-emitting elements 200 on the substrate 100. At least some of the orthographic projections of the lens structures 310 on the substrate 100 are located between the orthographic projections of adjacent light-emitting elements 200 on the substrate 100. This, on the one hand, reduces the area of ​​direct contact between the light-emitting elements 200 and the lens structures 310, reduces the amount of light emitted by the light-emitting elements 200 in a direction perpendicular to the substrate 100 that is directed toward the lens structures 310, and reduces the amount of light blocked by the lens structures 310 in the normal direction of the light-emitting elements 200. On the other hand, at least part of the light emitted by the light-emitting element 200 and diverging in all directions can be incident on the lens structure 310. The lens structure 310 is configured to converge the light incident on the lens structure 310. In other words, the lens structure 310 is a lens structure 310 that can play a focusing role. Based on this, at least part of the light emitted by the light-emitting element 200 and diverging in all directions and incident on the lens structure 310 can be converged in the lens structure 310, thereby improving the brightness of the light output in the front view direction of the light-emitting substrate 1100.

[0105] 4 and 5 , in some embodiments, the light-emitting substrate 1100 further includes a sealing portion 400 and a filling portion 500. The sealing portion 400, the substrate 100, and the cover plate 300 together form a sealed space surrounding the filling portion 500. In other words, the sealing portion 400, the substrate 100, and the cover plate 300 form a sealed space, and the filling portion 500 fills the sealed space.

[0106] Exemplarily, the sealing portion 400 is disposed on the first surface 101 of the substrate 100 and surrounds the plurality of light-emitting elements 200. For example, the sealing portion 400 may extend along the circumferential edge of the substrate 100 and may form a closed annular structure. The cover plate 300 is disposed on a side of the substrate 100 away from the plurality of light-emitting elements 200 and the sealing portion 400 and is connected to the sealing portion 400. The cover plate 300, the substrate 100, and the sealing portion 400 enclose the aforementioned enclosed space.

[0107] For example, the sealing portion 400 can not only bond and fix the cover plate 300 and the substrate 100 but also form a sealed space.

[0108] In some embodiments, the sealing portion 400 may be selected to have a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) less than 10 -2 The sealing portion 400 is made of a material to enhance the ability of isolating water vapor, thereby enhancing the protection capability of the substrate 100 and the light-emitting element 200.

[0109] The refractive index of the filling portion 500 is smaller than the refractive index of the lens structure 310 , or in other words, the refractive index of the lens structure 310 is larger than the refractive index of the filling portion 500 .

[0110] In some embodiments, the filling portion 500 may be a gas. Thus, a low-refractive-index gas layer may be formed around the light-emitting element 200. The refractive index of the gas layer is lower than that of the lens structure 310, so that light can be refracted when entering the lens structure 310 from the gas layer.

[0111] The gas may be, for example, an inert gas, or any other gas that does not react with the substrate 100, the light-emitting element 200, the sealing portion 400, the cover plate 300, and the lens structure 310 (during the preparation and use of the light-emitting substrate). For example, the filling portion 500 may include nitrogen, which has the advantages of low cost, high safety, and low refractive index. Of course, the type of gas filled in the filling portion 500 is not limited thereto, and any suitable single gas or mixed gas may be considered.

[0112] In some embodiments, when the filling portion 500 is a gas, the refractive index of the filling portion 500 is close to 1. In this case, the refractive index of the lens structure 310 can be greater than or equal to 1.5. This can enhance the convergence effect of the lens structure 310 on light directed toward the lens structure 310 and help reduce the total reflection angle of the lens structure 310, thereby facilitating the light to be emitted from the lens structure 310. For example, the refractive index of the lens structure 310 can be 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, 2.5, or 3. For example, the refractive index of the lens structure 310 can be within the range of 1.5-2.0. The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and any other suitable refractive index can also be considered for the lens structure 310.

[0113] For example, referring to FIG7 , when at least a portion of the light emitted by the light-emitting element 200 enters the lens structure 310 from the filling portion 500, it is refracted on the surface of the lens structure 310, and the angle between the refracted light and the normal viewing direction (the direction perpendicular to the first surface 101) L1 becomes smaller than that of the light before refraction. The refracted portion of the light F1 is emitted toward the surface of the lens structure 310 away from the light-emitting element 200, and at least a portion of the above-mentioned portion of the light F1 can be totally reflected on the surface of the lens structure 310 away from the light-emitting element 200, and then emitted toward the surface of the lens structure 310 in contact with the cover plate 300, and emitted from the surface of the lens structure 310 in contact with the cover plate 300. Compared with the direction of the above-mentioned portion of the light F1 emitted from the light-emitting element 200, the angle between the propagation direction of the light after refraction and total reflection from the lens structure 310 and the normal viewing direction L1 is smaller, which is beneficial to increase the brightness of the light emitted in the normal viewing direction of the light-emitting element 200. Of course, other portions of light have their angles with the normal viewing direction L1 reduced after passing through the lens structure 310, and the embodiments of the present disclosure will not be further described. The embodiments of the present disclosure, by providing the lens structure 310, are advantageous in increasing the amount of light emitted in the normal viewing direction L1 of the light-emitting element 200, thereby increasing the brightness of the light-emitting substrate 1100 in the normal viewing direction.

[0114] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 5 and FIG. 7 , the dimension of the sealing portion 400 in a direction Z perpendicular to the first surface 101 (the vertical direction in FIG. 5 , hereinafter referred to as the fourth direction Z) can be greater than or equal to the dimension of the light-emitting element 200 in the fourth direction Z. For example, the dimension of the sealing portion 400 in the fourth direction Z is greater than the dimension of the light-emitting element 200 in the fourth direction Z. In this way, a gap is provided between the end of the light-emitting element 200 near the cover plate 300 and the cover plate 300. This can reduce the risk of collision and compression between the cover plate 300 and the light-emitting element 200, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the light-emitting element 200.

[0115] In some embodiments, the size of the light-emitting element 200 along the direction perpendicular to the first surface 101 (fourth direction Z) is 5 μm to 20 μm. For example, the size of the light-emitting element 200 along the direction perpendicular to the first surface 101 can be 5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, or 20 μm, etc., which are not listed one by one in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0116] The dimension of the sealing portion 400 along the direction perpendicular to the first surface 101 (the fourth direction Z) is 6 μm to 140 μm, and the dimension of the sealing portion 400 along the fourth direction Z is larger than the dimension of the light-emitting element 200 along the fourth direction Z. This prevents the light-emitting element 200 from being squeezed against the cover plate 300, prevents damage to the light-emitting element 200 and the cover plate 300 during connection between the sealing portion 400, and improves the safety of the light-emitting element 200. For example, the dimension of the sealing portion 400 along the direction perpendicular to the second surface 301 (the fourth direction Z) is 6 μm, 20 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, or 140 μm, etc., which are not listed one by one in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0117] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 8A-8C , along the thickness direction of the light-emitting element 200 (a direction perpendicular to the first surface 101 / a fourth direction Z), the minimum distance H1 between the lens structure 310 and the substrate 100 is less than or equal to the distance H0 between the end of the light-emitting element 200 away from the substrate 100 and the substrate 100. The distance H2 between the end of the light-emitting element 200 away from the substrate 100 and the substrate 100 is equal to the thickness of the light-emitting element 200. In other words, the minimum distance H1 between the lens structure 310 and the substrate 100 is less than the thickness H0 of the light-emitting element 200. In this case, the center of the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the substrate 100 is located between adjacent light-emitting elements 200, thereby avoiding interference (collision) with the light-emitting elements 200 and reducing the overall thickness of the light-emitting substrate 1100.

[0118] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 8A to 8C, the substrate 100 may include a base material layer 104, a circuit layer 102 and a metal pad layer 103 arranged on the circuit layer 102. The circuit layer 102 is used to set the driving circuit and signal routing. The metal pad layer 103 is arranged on the side of the circuit layer 102 close to the light-emitting element 200 for connecting to the light-emitting element 200.

[0119] It should be noted that the distance H0 between the end of the light-emitting element 200 away from the substrate 100 and the substrate 100 is the thickness of the light-emitting element 200, and the thickness here refers to the overall thickness of the light-emitting element 200. In Figures 6A, 6B, and 8A to 8C, only the end of the second semiconductor layer 23 away from the substrate 100 is schematically illustrated as the end of the light-emitting element 200 away from the substrate 100. In practice, the end of the second semiconductor layer 23 away from the substrate 100 may also have other film layers (such as the LED growth substrate or color conversion layer). Therefore, the distance from the highest point of the solid film layers continuously arranged on the second electrode 25 of the light-emitting element 200 to the substrate 100 should be used as the end of the light-emitting element 200 away from the substrate 100.

[0120] 8A to 8C , the minimum distance H1 between the lens structure 310 and the substrate 100 refers to the distance between the lens structure 310 and the upper surface of the metal pad layer 103 . Thus, the comparison starting points of H1 and H2 are on the same horizontal plane.

[0121] In some embodiments, referring to FIG8A , in the thickness direction (fourth direction Z) of the light-emitting device 200, the minimum distance H1 between the lens structure 310 and the substrate 100 is equal to the distance H2 between the surface of the light-emitting layer 22 distal from the substrate 100 and the substrate 100. In other words, the end of the lens structure 310 closer to the first surface 101 is closer to the first surface 101 than the upper surface of the light-emitting layer 22. Alternatively, referring to FIG8B , in the thickness direction (fourth direction Z) of the light-emitting device 200, the minimum distance H1 between the lens structure 310 and the substrate 100 is less than the distance H2 between the surface of the light-emitting layer 22 distal from the substrate 100 and the substrate 100. In other words, the end (lower end) of the lens structure 310 closer to the first surface 101 is flush with the upper surface of the light-emitting layer 22 of the light-emitting device 200. Alternatively, referring to FIG8C , in the thickness direction (fourth direction Z) of the light-emitting element 200, the minimum distance H1 between the lens structure 310 and the substrate 100 is greater than the distance H2 between the surface (top surface) of the light-emitting layer 22 distal from the substrate 100 and the substrate 100, and the difference ΔH between the minimum distance H1 between the lens structure 310 and the substrate 100 and the distance between the surface of the light-emitting layer 22 distal from the substrate 100 and the substrate 100 is less than or equal to 10 μm. The above three configurations of the lens structure 310 can significantly increase the amount of light received by the lens structure 310, thereby increasing the light focused by the lens structure 310, which is beneficial for increasing the brightness of the light-emitting element 200 in the normal viewing direction.

[0122] Referring to FIG. 9 , FIG. 9 shows simulation results of light intensity curves at different viewing angles of the light-emitting element 200, when the difference ΔH between the minimum distance H1 between the lens structure 310 and the substrate 100 and the distance ΔH between the surface of the light-emitting layer 22 away from the substrate 100 and the substrate 100 is taken to different values. The horizontal axis represents the viewing angle of the light-emitting element 200 (the angle with the fourth direction Z), and the vertical axis represents the light intensity (brightness). ΔH refers to the distance H2 between the surface of the light-emitting layer 22 away from the substrate 100 and the substrate 100, minus the minimum distance H1 between the lens structure 310 and the substrate 100. For example, ΔH = 0 means H1 equals H2 (as shown in FIG. 8A ), and ΔH < 0 (a negative value for ΔH) means H1 > H2 (as shown in FIG. 8C ). K represents the control group, which shows the light intensity curves at different viewing angles of the light-emitting element 200 without the lens structure 310. 9 , the orthographic projection of the light-emitting element 200 on the substrate is a rectangle with a length of 40 μm and a width of 20 μm, and the thickness of the light-emitting element 200 is 7 μm (only the thickness of the first semiconductor layer, the multi-quantum well layer, and the second semiconductor layer are considered); the lens structure is arranged in front, back, left, and right of the light-emitting element, and the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is a circle with a diameter of 42 μm. The curvature of the lens structure 310 is 0.05, and the distance between the centers of the lens structures 310 relatively arranged in the direction of extension of the short side of the light-emitting element 200 is 70 μm, and the distance between the centers of the lens structures 310 relatively arranged in the direction of extension of the long side of the light-emitting element 200 is 90 μm. The refractive index of the lens structure is 1.6, and the center of the light-emitting element 200 is located between the centers of the lens structures relatively arranged in the direction of extension of the short side of the light-emitting element, and the center of the light-emitting element 200 is located between the centers of the lens structures relatively arranged in the direction of extension of the long side of the light-emitting element.

[0123] Comparing the multiple curves in Figure 9, it can be seen that when ΔH = 0 and ΔH = -5, the light output intensity of the light-emitting element 200 in the normal viewing direction is significantly enhanced, and the lens structure 310 has a good convergence effect (convergence effect) on the light emitted by the light-emitting element 200, which in turn helps to improve the luminous brightness in the normal viewing direction of the light-emitting substrate 1100. When ΔH = -10, the light output intensity of the light-emitting element 200 is relatively concentrated within the viewing angle range of -40 to 40, and the lens structure 310 can achieve a certain convergence effect. When ΔH is further reduced, for example, when ΔH = -50, the lens structure 310 cannot enhance the light output intensity of the light-emitting element 200 in the normal viewing direction.

[0124] In some embodiments, the end (lower end) of the lens structure 310 is close to the first surface 101 and is spaced apart from the first surface 101. This prevents the lens structure 310 from contacting the substrate 100 during the connection between the cover plate 300 and the sealing portion 400, avoids mutual extrusion between the lens structure 310 and the substrate 100, and reduces the risk of damage to the lens structure 310 and / or the substrate 100.

[0125] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 5 and 7, the cover plate 300 further includes an extension portion 320 extending along an extension plane parallel to the substrate 100. The extension portion 320 is located on a side of the lens structure 310 away from the substrate 100, and the extension portion 320 is connected to the lens structure 310. In other words, the multiple lens structures 310 can be disposed on the extension portion 320, which provides a support for the multiple lens structures 310 and improves the stability of the cover plate 300.

[0126] In some embodiments, the extension portion 320 and the plurality of lens structures 310 may be integrally formed, and in this case, the extension portion 320 and the plurality of lens structures 310 may comprise the same material. For example, the lens structures 310 and the extension portion 320 may both be made of at least one of transparent glass and transparent resin.

[0127] In some embodiments, the multiple lens structures 310 may also be independent structures provided on the extension portion 320. In this case, the extension portion 320 and the multiple lens structures 310 may include the same material, or the extension portion 320 and the multiple lens structures 310 may include different materials. The material of the lens structure 310 includes at least one of transparent glass and transparent resin. And / or, the material of the extension portion 320 includes at least one of transparent glass and transparent resin. Exemplarily, the extension portion 320 and the multiple lens structures 310 include the same material, and the extension portion 320 and the multiple lens structures 310 both include transparent resin. Exemplarily, the extension portion 320 and the multiple lens structures 310 include different materials, and the material of the extension portion 320 includes transparent glass, and the material of the lens structures 310 includes transparent resin.

[0128] For example, when the cover plate 300 includes an extension portion 320, as shown in Figures 5 and 7, the surface of the extension portion 320 close to the first surface 101 is the second surface 301, and at least a portion of the second surface 301 is opposite to the light-emitting element 200. In this way, light emitted by the light-emitting element 200 in the normal viewing direction (the fourth direction) can be directly emitted to the extension portion 320 without passing through the lens structure 310. This helps to reduce the loss of light in the process of passing through the lens structure 310.

[0129] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 5 , the surface 301 of the cover plate region between adjacent lens structures 310 facing the substrate 100 is conformal to an extended surface of the substrate 100 (e.g., the first surface 101). In other words, the opposing first surface 101 and second surface 301 have the same shape. This facilitates the formation of a uniformly thick enclosed space between the substrate 100 and the cover plate 300 (between the first surface 101 and the second surface 301), thereby improving the uniformity of light emission from the light-emitting substrate 1100.

[0130] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5 , a surface 301 of the cover region between adjacent lens structures 310 facing the base substrate is planar, and a first surface 101 of the substrate 100 close to the cover 300 is also planar.

[0131] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 5 and 7, the lens structure 310 has a cross-sectional area that becomes smaller toward the substrate 100 (from top to bottom). The extension direction of the cross section is parallel to the extension direction of the base substrate relative to the lens structure, that is, the horizontal cross section in Figures 5 and 7. In other words, the horizontal cross-sectional area of ​​the lens structure 310 decreases along the direction from top to bottom in Figures 5 and 7. In this way, it is beneficial to increase the angle between the surface of the lens structure 310 on the side close to the light-emitting element 200 and the front view direction, thereby changing the incident angle of the light ray to the lens structure 310, which is beneficial to enhance the convergence (convergence) effect of the lens structure 310 on the light, and further enhance the brightness of the light output in the front view direction of the light-emitting substrate 100.

[0132] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 4 and 7, the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the substrate 100 is circular, and at least a portion of the surface of the lens structure 310 in contact with the filling portion 500 is a curved surface. In other words, except for the surface in contact with the extension portion 320, at least a portion of the other surfaces of the lens structure 310 are curved surfaces. For example, the surfaces of the lens structure 310 in contact with the filling portion 500 are all curved surfaces. Exemplarily, the lens structure 310 can form a spherical structure or a structure similar to a sphere. For example, the lens structure 310 can be a spherical structure. In this case, the surface of the lens structure 310 close to the substrate 100 can be a spherical surface.

[0133] In some embodiments, the surfaces of the lens structure 310 that contact the filling portion 500 are both curved surfaces, and the curvature of the curved surfaces is less than 0.1. For example, the curvature of the curved surfaces can vary depending on the position on the transmission. For example, the curved surfaces can have a fixed curvature, such as 0.02, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, etc., which are not listed in detail in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0134] In some embodiments, the surfaces of the lens structure 310 that contact the filling portion 500 are both curved surfaces, and the curvature of the curved surfaces is in the range of 0.05 to 0.1. For example, the curvature of the curved surface can vary depending on the position on the transmission. For example, the curved surface can have a fixed curvature, such as 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, etc., which are not listed one by one in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0135] Refer to Figure 10, which is a graph showing the light intensity curves of the light-emitting substrate (light-emitting element 200) at different viewing angles under different curvatures (Cur) of the lens structure 310. The horizontal axis in Figure 10 represents the viewing angle (angle with the fourth direction Z) of the light-emitting element 200, and the vertical axis represents the intensity (brightness) of the light. Figure 10 only exemplarily shows the light intensity curves at different angles of the light-emitting substrate under three curvatures (0.05, 0.1, and 0.15). As can be seen from Figure 10, when the surface curvature of the lens structure 310 is 0.05 and 0.1, the light output angle in the normal viewing direction of the light-emitting substrate is significantly enhanced, and the lens structure 310 has a better convergence effect (convergence effect) on the light emitted by the light-emitting element 200, which is beneficial to improving the luminous brightness in the normal viewing direction of the light-emitting substrate 1100. In the simulation corresponding to Figure 10, the orthographic projection of the light-emitting element 200 on the substrate is a rectangle with a length of 40 μm and a width of 20 μm, and the thickness of the light-emitting element 200 is 7 μm (only considering the thickness of the first semiconductor layer, the multi-quantum well layer, and the second semiconductor layer); the lens structure is arranged in front, behind, left, and right of the light-emitting element 200, and the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is a circle with a diameter of 42 μm. The distance between the centers of the lens structures relatively arranged in the direction of extension of the short side of the light-emitting element is 70 μm, and the distance between the centers of the lens structures relatively arranged in the direction of extension of the long side of the light-emitting element is 90 μm. The refractive index of the lens structure is 1.6, and the center of the light-emitting element 200 is located between the centers of the lens structures relatively arranged in the direction of extension of the short side of the light-emitting element, and the center of the light-emitting element 200 is located between the centers of the lens structures relatively arranged in the direction of extension of the long side of the light-emitting element.

[0136] The curvature of the curved surface of the lens structure 310 may be fixed or variable, that is, the curvatures at different positions of the curved surface may be completely the same, or the curvatures at different positions of the curved surface may be different.

[0137] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 11 , the plurality of light-emitting elements 200 include a plurality of light-emitting element groups 201 , each light-emitting element group 201 including at least one light-emitting element 200 . The plurality of light-emitting element groups 201 are arranged in multiple rows and columns, with adjacent light-emitting element groups 201 belonging to two adjacent rows being staggered in a first direction X, and adjacent light-emitting element groups 201 belonging to two adjacent columns being staggered in a second direction Y. This facilitates increasing the spacing between adjacent light-emitting element groups 201 and increasing the space between adjacent light-emitting element groups 201 . For example, the space in the area enclosed by the four closest light-emitting element groups 201 in two adjacent rows and columns is increased, which facilitates the placement of the lens structure 310 within the aforementioned space, increases the size of the lens structure 310, and reduces the risk of interference between the lens structure 310 and the light-emitting elements 200 included in the light-emitting element groups 201 .

[0138] The first direction X is the row direction of the light emitting element groups 201, and the second direction Y is the column direction of the light emitting element groups 201. The first direction X and the second direction Y intersect, and illustratively, are perpendicular to each other.

[0139] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 11 , the orthographic projections of the multiple lens structures 310 on the substrate 100 do not overlap with the orthographic projections of the multiple light-emitting elements 200 on the substrate 100. In other words, the orthographic projections of all lens structures 310 on the substrate 100 are located outside the range of the light-emitting elements 200. This greatly reduces the amount of light blocked by the lens structures 310 in the direction facing the light-emitting elements 200, facilitates the penetration of wide-angle light emitted by the light-emitting elements 200 into the lens structures 310, and enhances the convergence effect of the lens structures 310 on wide-angle light emitted by the light-emitting elements 200.

[0140] In some embodiments, referring to FIG11 , the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the substrate 100 is located between adjacent light-emitting element groups 201 and is spaced apart by a distance D3 from the light-emitting element groups 201. Increasing the distance between the lens structure 310 and the light-emitting element groups 201 (light-emitting elements 200) improves the convergence effect of the lens structure 310 on the light emitted by the light-emitting elements 200. Furthermore, the lens structure 310 can reduce the amount of light emitted from the light-emitting elements 200 in the normal viewing direction that is blocked by the lens structure 310, thereby improving the brightness of the light emitted in the normal viewing direction of the light-emitting substrate 1100.

[0141] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG11 , a light-emitting element group 201 includes a light-emitting element 200. The plurality of light-emitting elements 200 include a plurality of first light-emitting elements 210, a plurality of second light-emitting elements 220, and a plurality of third light-emitting elements 230. One of the first light-emitting elements 210, the second light-emitting elements 220, and the third light-emitting elements 230 is configured to emit red light, another to emit green light, and yet another to emit blue light. Thus, the combination of the first light-emitting elements 210, the second light-emitting elements 220, and the third light-emitting elements 230 can be superimposed to produce different colored lights, thereby enabling the light-emitting substrate 1100 to achieve full-color display.

[0142] For example, the first light-emitting element 210 is configured to emit red light, one of the second light-emitting element 220 and the third light-emitting element 230 is configured to emit green light, and the other is configured to emit blue light. For example, the second light-emitting element 220 is configured to emit green light, and the third light-emitting element 230 is configured to emit blue light.

[0143] Continuing to refer to FIG11, the line connecting the centers of the orthographic projections of the closest first light-emitting element 210, the closest second light-emitting element 220, and the closest third light-emitting element 230 on the substrate 100 is a triangle. That is, the plurality of light-emitting elements 200 are arranged in a Delta arrangement, that is, two adjacent light-emitting elements 200 belonging to two adjacent rows are staggered in the row direction (first direction X) of the arrangement of the light-emitting elements 200, and two adjacent light-emitting elements 200 belonging to two adjacent columns are staggered in the column direction (second direction Y) of the arrangement of the light-emitting elements 200. In this way, the spacing between adjacent light-emitting elements 200 can be greatly increased, and the arrangement space of the lens structure 310 can be improved. In other words, the plurality of light-emitting elements 200 adopt a Delta arrangement, which can increase the spacing between adjacent light-emitting elements 200 along the first direction X and the second direction Y, which is conducive to setting the lens structure 310 between adjacent light-emitting elements 200.

[0144] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 11 , a maximum length H3 of the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the substrate 100 along the first direction X is less than or equal to the distance D1 between two adjacent light-emitting elements 200 of the lens structure 310 in the first direction X. Furthermore, a maximum length H4 of the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the substrate 100 along the second direction Y is less than or equal to the distance D2 between two adjacent light-emitting elements 200 of the lens structure 310 in the second direction Y. In this manner, the lens structure 310 can be completely disposed within the gap between adjacent light-emitting elements 200. In other words, the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the substrate 100 does not overlap with the light-emitting element 200. This helps increase the distance between the lens structure 310 and the light-emitting element 200, thereby improving the light convergence effect of the lens structure 310. Furthermore, it can reduce the amount of light blocked by the lens structure 310 on light emitted from the light-emitting element 200 in the normal viewing direction, thereby improving the brightness of the light-emitting substrate 1100 in the normal viewing direction.

[0145] For example, the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the substrate 100 is located between adjacent light-emitting elements 200 and has a spacing D3 between the lens structure 310 and the light-emitting element 200. In this way, the distance between the lens structure 310 and the light-emitting element 200 can be increased, which helps to improve the convergence effect of the lens structure 310 on light. It can also reduce the obstruction of the lens structure 310 on light emitted from the light-emitting element 200 in the normal viewing direction, thereby improving the light brightness of the light-emitting substrate 1100 in the normal viewing direction.

[0146] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG11 , when the light-emitting elements 200 are arranged in a delta arrangement, the spacing between adjacent light-emitting elements 200 can be 6 μm to 300 μm. That is, the spacing D1 between two adjacent light-emitting elements 200 along the first direction X is 6 μm to 300 μm, and the spacing D2 between two adjacent light-emitting elements 200 along the second direction Y is also 6 μm to 300 μm. For example, the spacing D1 between two adjacent light-emitting elements 200 along the first direction X can be 6 μm, 10 μm, 50 μm, 150 μm, or 300 μm, and the spacing D2 between two adjacent light-emitting elements 200 along the second direction Y can be 6 μm, 30 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, or 300 μm, etc. The spacing D1 between two adjacent light-emitting elements 200 along the first direction X and the spacing D2 between two adjacent light-emitting elements 200 along the second direction Y can be equal or unequal.

[0147] The size H3 of the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the substrate 100 in the first direction X can be in the range of 4μm to 260μm, and the size H2 in the second direction Y can be in the range of 4μm to 260μm. In this way, the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the substrate 100 can be completely located between adjacent light-emitting elements 200 and has no overlap with the light-emitting elements 200. For example, the size H3 of the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the substrate 100 in the first direction X can be 4μm, 15μm, 60μm, 200μm, or 260μm, etc.; the size H2 of the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the substrate 100 in the second direction Y can be 4μm, 15μm, 60μm, 200μm, or 260μm, etc.; these are not listed here one by one. The spacing D1 between two adjacent light-emitting elements 200 along the first direction X is greater than the size of the lens structure 310 along the first direction X, and the spacing D2 between two adjacent light-emitting elements 200 along the second direction Y is greater than the size of the lens structure 310 along the second direction Y. This facilitates placement of the lens structure 310 within the gaps between the plurality of light-emitting elements 200. The above arrangement of the light-emitting elements 200 and the lens structure 310 can minimize the obstruction of light emitted from the light-emitting elements 200 in the normal viewing direction by the lens structure 310, and significantly increase the spacing between the lens structure 310 and the light-emitting elements 200, thereby enhancing the light convergence effect of the lens structure 310 and thereby increasing the brightness of the light-emitting substrate 1100 in the normal viewing direction.

[0148] Refer to Figure 12, which shows the simulation results of the light intensity curve of the light-emitting substrate 1100 at different viewing angles when the lens structure 310 and the light-emitting element 200 have different intervals D3. D3<0, D3>0, and D3=0 were tested respectively, wherein D3<0 means that the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the first surface 101 partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the light-emitting element 200 on the first surface 101 (as shown in Figure 13). D3>0 means that as shown in Figure 11, the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the first surface 101 and the orthographic projection of the light-emitting element 200 on the first surface 101 are spaced apart. D3=0 means that the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the first surface 101 and the orthographic projection of the light-emitting element 200 on the first surface 101 are tangent to each other (not shown in the figure). In the simulation corresponding to Figure 12, the orthographic projection of the light-emitting element 200 on the substrate is a rectangle with a length of 40 μm and a width of 20 μm, and the thickness of the light-emitting element 200 is 7 μm (only the thickness of the first semiconductor layer, the multi-quantum well layer, and the second semiconductor layer are considered); the lens structure is arranged in front, back, left, and right of the light-emitting element 200, and the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is a circle with a diameter of 42 μm. The curvature of the lens structure is 0.05, and the distance between the centers of the lens structures relatively arranged in the direction of extension of the short side of the light-emitting element is 70 μm, and the distance between the centers of the lens structures relatively arranged in the direction of extension of the long side of the light-emitting element is 90 μm. The refractive index of the lens structure is 1.6, and the center of the light-emitting element 200 is located between the centers of the lens structures relatively arranged in the direction of extension of the short side of the light-emitting element, and the center of the light-emitting element 200 is located between the centers of the lens structures relatively arranged in the direction of extension of the long side of the light-emitting element.

[0149] As shown in FIG12 , as the distance D3 between the orthographic projections of the lens structure 310 and the light-emitting element 200 on the first surface 101 increases, the light intensity of the light-emitting element 200 within the viewing angle range of -50° to 50° increases. In other words, as the distance D3 between the orthographic projections of the lens structure 310 and the light-emitting element 200 on the first surface 101 increases, the convergence effect of the lens structure 310 on the light emitted by the light-emitting element 200 is improved.

[0150] In some embodiments, at least one light-emitting element group may include two light-emitting elements. For example, some light-emitting element groups include one light-emitting element, such as a first light-emitting element emitting red light and a third light-emitting element emitting blue light, each constituting a light-emitting element group, and two second light-emitting elements emitting green light constituting a light-emitting element group. A lens structure may not be provided between the two or more light-emitting elements included in a light-emitting element group.

[0151] In some embodiments, the multiple light-emitting elements included in the array substrate may also emit light of the same color. In this case, the display device may be a single-color display device. Alternatively, the display device may further include a color conversion layer, disposed on the light-emitting side of the light-emitting substrate and configured to convert at least part of the light emitted by the light-emitting substrate into other colors, thereby enabling the display device to achieve multi-color or even full-color display.

[0152] Of course, in some other embodiments, referring to FIG. 13 , the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the first surface 101 may also partially overlap with the orthographic projection of the light-emitting element 200 on the first surface 101. For example, the edge region of the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the first surface 101 near the light-emitting element 200 may overlap with the orthographic projection of the light-emitting element 200 on the first surface 101. In this case, the lens structure 310 can still converge the light emitted by the light-emitting element 200 to increase the brightness of the light-emitting element 200 in the normal viewing direction.

[0153] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 14 , the plurality of light-emitting elements 200 include a plurality of first light-emitting elements 210, a plurality of second light-emitting elements 220, and a plurality of third light-emitting elements 230. The first light-emitting element 210 is configured to emit red light, one of the second light-emitting element 220 and the third light-emitting element 230 is configured to emit green light, and the other is configured to emit blue light. For example, the second light-emitting element 220 is configured to emit green light, and the third light-emitting element 230 is configured to emit blue light. In this way, the light-emitting substrate 1100 can achieve full-color display.

[0154] Continuing with FIG14 , in the first direction X, a distance D41 between the center 311 of the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the first surface 101 and the first light-emitting element 210 is greater than a distance D51 between the center 311 of the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the first surface 101 and the second light-emitting element 220, and is also greater than a distance D61 between the center 311 of the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the first surface 101 and the third light-emitting element 230. In other words, in the orthographic projection onto the first surface 101, along the first direction X, the distance D41 between the center 311 of the lens structure 310 and the first light-emitting element 210 is greater than a distance D51 between the center 311 of the lens structure 310 and the second light-emitting element 220 (D41>D51), and is also greater than a distance D61 between the center 311 of the lens structure 310 and the third light-emitting element 230 (D41>D61).

[0155] In some embodiments, in the second direction Y, a distance D42 between the center 311 of the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the first surface 101 and the first light-emitting element 210 is greater than a distance D52 between the center 311 of the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the first surface 101 and the second light-emitting element 220, and is also greater than a distance D62 between the center 311 of the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the first surface 101 and the third light-emitting element 230. That is, in the orthographic projection onto the first surface 101, along the second direction Y, the distance D42 between the center 311 of the lens structure 310 and the first light-emitting element 210 is greater than a distance D52 between the center 311 of the lens structure 310 and the second light-emitting element 220 (D42>D52), and is also greater than a distance D62 between the center 311 of the lens structure 310 and the third light-emitting element 230 (D42>D62).

[0156] Research has found that the luminous efficiency of the first light-emitting element 210, which emits red light, is lower than that of the second light-emitting element 220 and the third light-emitting element 230. By increasing the distance D41 between the first light-emitting element 210 and the center 311 of the lens structure 310 in the first direction X and the distance D42 in the second direction Y, the amount of light emitted by the first light-emitting element 210 into the lens structure 310 can be increased, and the lens structure 310's convergence effect on the light emitted by the first light-emitting element 210 can be enhanced, thereby improving the brightness of the light emitted by the first light-emitting element 210 at a normal viewing angle. This also helps to balance the light uniformity of the first light-emitting element 210, the second light-emitting element 220, and the third light-emitting element 230 in the normal viewing direction.

[0157] For example, as shown in FIG. 14 , in some embodiments, the size of the first light-emitting element 210 is smaller than the sizes of the second light-emitting element 220 and the third light-emitting element 230 . In this way, the distance D41 between the first light-emitting element 210 and the center 311 of the lens structure 310 in the first direction X and the distance D42 between the first light-emitting element 210 and the center 311 of the lens structure 310 in the second direction Y can be increased.

[0158] Alternatively, referring to Figure 15, in other embodiments, the size of the first light-emitting element 210 is the same as the size of the second light-emitting element 220 and the third light-emitting element 230. In this case, the lens structure 310 located between the first light-emitting element 210 and the third light-emitting element 230 is arranged closer to the third light-emitting element 230; the lens structure 310 located between the first light-emitting element 210 and the second light-emitting element 220 is arranged closer to the second light-emitting element 220.

[0159] In some cases, due to errors in the preparation process of the light-emitting element 200, the above-mentioned process errors may cause uneven thickness of the second electrode 25 and the second electrode layer 25 of the light-emitting element 200, and / or asymmetric thickness of the light-emitting layer, etc., thereby causing the viewing angle of the light-emitting element 200 to be asymmetric, and after the light-emitting element 200 is set on the substrate 100, the viewing angle of the light-emitting substrate 1100 may be asymmetric in a certain direction.

[0160] To address the above technical issues, in some embodiments, referring to FIG. 16 , the light-emitting element 200 includes a target light-emitting element 240, wherein the viewing angle brightness of the target light-emitting element 240 on a first side P1 (right side) in a third direction P is greater than the viewing angle brightness of the target light-emitting element 240 on a second side P2 (left side) in the third direction P. When the viewing angle brightness of the target light-emitting element 240 on the first side P1 in the third direction P is greater than the viewing angle brightness of the target light-emitting element 200 on the second side P2 in the third direction P, the target light-emitting element 240 includes a lens structure 310 on each side (P1 and P2) along the third direction P. A distance D8 between the center 311 of the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the first side P1 on the first surface 101 and the target light-emitting element 240 is less than a distance D7 between the center 311 of the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the second side P2 on the first surface 101 and the target light-emitting element 240, i.e., D8 < D7. In this way, the lens structure 310 located on the second side P2 (left side) has a greater convergence effect on the light efficiency of the target light-emitting element 240 than the lens structure 310 located on the first side P1 (right side), which helps reduce the asymmetry of the viewing angle of the target light-emitting element 240 in the third direction P, thereby balancing the symmetry of the brightness of the target light-emitting element 240 in the first direction X. The third direction P is the row direction X or the column direction Y in which the multiple light-emitting elements 200 are arranged. In other words, the third direction P can be either the first direction X or the second direction Y. The first side P1 and the second side P2 are opposite sides in the third direction P.

[0161] The target light emitting element 240 may be at least one of the first light emitting element 210, the second light emitting element 220, and the third light emitting element 230. For example, the target light emitting element 240 may include the first light emitting element 210, or the target light emitting element 240 may include the second light emitting element 220, or the target light emitting element 240 may include the third light emitting element 230.

[0162] For example, as shown in FIG17 , FIG17 illustrates simulation results of light intensity curves at different viewing angles of the light-emitting substrate 1100 when the target light-emitting element 240 has different brightness at the same viewing angle in the first direction P and the lens structures 310 are arranged in different positions. Curve L2 represents the brightness curve at different viewing angles of the light-emitting element 200 when the two lens structures 310 are asymmetrically arranged on either side of the target light-emitting element 240 in the first direction P, as shown in FIG16 ; and curve L3 represents the brightness curve at different viewing angles of the light-emitting element 200 when the two lens structures 310 are symmetrically arranged on either side of the light-emitting element 200 in the first direction P. In the simulation corresponding to FIG17 , the orthographic projection of the light-emitting element 200 on the substrate is a rectangle with a length of 40 μm and a width of 20 μm. The thickness of the light-emitting element 200 is 7 μm (only the thickness of the first semiconductor layer, the multi-quantum well layer, and the second semiconductor layer is considered). The lens structure is arranged in front, back, left, and right of the light-emitting element 200. The orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is a circle with a diameter of 42 μm. The curvature of the lens structure is 0.05. The distance between the centers of the lens structures arranged opposite to each other in the direction of the short side of the light-emitting element is 70 μm, and the distance between the centers of the lens structures arranged opposite to each other in the direction of the long side of the light-emitting element is 90 μm. The refractive index of the lens structure is 1.6. For the L3 curve, the center of the light-emitting element is located between the centers of the lens structures arranged opposite to each other in the direction of the short side of the light-emitting element, and the center of the light-emitting element is located between the centers of the lens structures arranged opposite to each other in the direction of the long side of the light-emitting element. For the L2 curve, the center of the light-emitting element is located between the centers of the lens structures arranged opposite to each other in the direction of extension of the long side of the light-emitting element; in the direction of extension of the short side of the light-emitting element, the distance between the center of the light-emitting element and the center of the lens structure on the first side is 37.5, and the distance between the center of the light-emitting element and the center of the lens structure on the second side is 32.5, where the first side is the side with greater viewing angle brightness.

[0163] By comparing curve L2 and curve L3, it can be seen that when the brightness of the target light-emitting element 240 at the same viewing angle in the first direction P is different, the uniformity of the brightness of the target light-emitting element 240 at the same viewing angle in the first direction P can be improved by adjusting the position of the lens structure 310.

[0164] For example, as shown in FIG16 , an embodiment of the present disclosure is described by way of example, taking the third direction P as the first direction X, the first side P1 as the left side in FIG14 , and the second side P2 as the right side in FIG14 . When the brightness of the target light-emitting element 240 at the left viewing angle is lower than that at the right viewing angle, the spacing D7 between the center 311 of the lens structure 310 located on the left side of the target light-emitting element 240 and the target light-emitting element 240 is greater than the spacing D8 between the center 311 of the lens structure 310 located on the right side of the target light-emitting element 240 and the target light-emitting element 240. The convergence effect of the lens structure 310 on the left side of the target light-emitting element 240 is greater than the convergence effect of the lens structure 310 on the right side of the target light-emitting element 240, thereby facilitating balancing the brightness of the left and right sides of the target light-emitting element 240, thereby improving the viewing angle uniformity of the light-emitting element 200 and the light-emitting substrate in the third direction P1.

[0165] In some embodiments, the shape of the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the first surface 101 is at least one of a circle, an ellipse, and a rectangle, that is, the shape of the surface where the lens structure 310 contacts the cover plate 300 is at least one of a circle, an ellipse, and a rectangle. For example, the shape of the lens structure 310 can be set according to the shape of the gap between the light-emitting elements 200 to maximize the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the first surface 101, thereby increasing the amount of light entering the lens structure 310, thereby increasing the brightness of the light-emitting element 200 at a normal viewing angle, and improving the brightness of the light-emitting substrate 1100 in the normal viewing direction. For example, setting the shape of the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the first surface 101 to an ellipse or a rectangle can maximize the size of the lens structure 310 on the first surface 101, thereby increasing the duty cycle of the lens structure 310 and the light-emitting element 200 in the light-emitting substrate 1100, thereby improving the pixel fill rate of the light-emitting substrate 1100 and reducing the graininess of the light-emitting element 200.

[0166] For example, as shown in Figures 14, 15 and 16, the multiple lens structures 310 included in the light-emitting substrate 1100 have the same structure, and the shapes of the orthographic projections of the multiple lens structures 310 on the first surface 101 are all circular. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 18, the multiple lens structures 310 have the same structure, and the shapes of the orthographic projections of the multiple lens structures 310 on the first surface 101 are all elliptical. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 22, the multiple lens structures 310 have the same structure, and the shapes of the orthographic projections of the multiple lens structures 310 on the first surface 101 are all rectangular. The multiple lens structures 310 having the same structure are conducive to improving the structural uniformity of the lens structures 310. In this way, on the one hand, it can reduce the difficulty of preparing the lens structures 310, and on the other hand, it is conducive to improving the luminous uniformity of the light-emitting substrate 1100.

[0167] In other examples, the structures of the multiple lens structures 310 may also be different (at least one of the shapes and sizes may be different). For example, the orthographic projections of some lens structures 310 on the first surface 101 may all be circular, and the orthographic projections of some lens structures 310 on the first surface 101 may all be rectangular. Alternatively, the orthographic projections of the multiple lens structures 310 on the first surface 101 may all be elliptical, but the sizes of the different lens structures 310 may vary.

[0168] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG18 , when the orthographic projection of the plurality of lens structures 310 on the first surface 101 is elliptical or rectangular, the lens structures 310 have a major axis direction Q1 and a minor axis direction Q2, and the size of the lens structures 310 along the major axis direction Q1 is greater than the size along the minor axis direction Q2. Specifically, when the orthographic projection of the lens structures 310 on the substrate 100 is elliptical, the major axis direction Q1 of the lens structures 310 is the same as the major axis direction of the ellipse, and the minor axis direction Q2 of the lens structures 310 is the same as the minor axis direction of the ellipse. When the orthographic projection of the lens structures 310 on the first surface 101 is rectangular (e.g., in the long direction), the major axis direction Q1 may be the direction extending along the long side of the rectangle, and the minor axis direction may be the direction extending along the wide side of the rectangle.

[0169] In some embodiments, referring to FIG20C , FIG20C is a diagram showing the convergence effect of the long axis direction Q1 and the short axis direction Q2 of the lens structure 310 on light, wherein the curve shown in the long axis direction refers to: as shown in FIG20A , when the long axis direction Q1 of the lens structure 310 is parallel to the side extension direction of the light-emitting element 200, the brightness of the light-emitting element 200 at different viewing angles; the curve shown in the short axis direction refers to: as shown in FIG20B , when the short axis direction Q2 of the lens structure 310 is parallel to the side extension direction of the light-emitting element 200, the brightness of the light-emitting element 200 at different viewing angles. In the simulation corresponding to Figure 20C, the light-emitting element 200 has a length of 40 μm, a width of 20 μm, and a thickness of 7 μm (only the thickness of the first semiconductor layer, the multi-quantum well layer, and the second semiconductor layer are considered); the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is an ellipse with a major axis length of 40 μm and a minor axis length of 20 μm, and has a maximum thickness at the center of the lens structure (the maximum thickness is 25 μm). The refractive index of the lens is 1.6, and the lens structures are arranged in front, behind, left, and right of the light-emitting element 200. The distance between the centers of the lens structures relatively arranged in the direction of extension of the short side of the light-emitting element is 108 μm, and the distance between the centers of the lens structures relatively arranged in the direction of extension of the long side of the light-emitting element is 128 μm. The center of is located between the centers of the lens structures arranged opposite to each other in the extension direction of the short side of the light-emitting element, and the center of the light-emitting element is located between the centers of the lens structures arranged opposite to each other in the extension direction of the long side of the light-emitting element; when testing the convergence effect of the long axis direction Q1 on the light of the light-emitting element 200, the lens structure is arranged on the front, back, left, and right sides of the light-emitting element 200, and the long axis direction Q1 of the lens structure is perpendicular to the extension direction of the line connecting the center of the light-emitting element 200 and the center of the lens structure; when testing the convergence effect of the short axis direction Q2 on the light of the light-emitting element 200, the lens structure is arranged on the front, back, left, and right sides of the light-emitting element 200, and the short axis direction Q2 of the lens structure is perpendicular to the extension direction of the line connecting the center of the light-emitting element 200 and the center of the lens structure.

[0170] 20C , by comparing the curves shown in the long axis direction and the curves shown in the short axis direction, it can be seen that when the long axis direction Q1 of the lens structure 310 is parallel to the side extension direction of the light emitting element 200 , the lens structure 310 has a better convergence effect on the light of the light emitting element.

[0171] As shown in FIG19 , the lens structure 310 whose orthographic projection on the first surface 101 is located on the periphery of the first light-emitting element 210 is the first lens structure 312. The long axis direction Q1 of the first lens structure 312 is parallel to the direction in which the boundary of the first light-emitting element 210 near the first lens structure 312 extends. In other words, the long axis direction Q1 of the first lens structure 312 is perpendicular to the direction in which the line connecting the center of the first light-emitting element 210 and the center of the first lens structure 312 extends. This advantageously increases the surface area of ​​the first lens structure 312 facing the first light-emitting element 210, thereby increasing the amount of light emitted by the first light-emitting element 210 toward the first lens structure 312, thereby increasing the amount of light emitted in the normal viewing direction of the first light-emitting element 210, and improving the brightness uniformity of the first light-emitting element 210, the second light-emitting element 220, and the third light-emitting element 230 in the normal viewing direction.

[0172] For example, as shown in FIG19 , an embodiment of the present disclosure is described by taking the shape of the orthographic projection of the plurality of lens structures 310 on the first surface 101 as an example, which is an elliptical shape. The left side 211 and the right side 212 of the first light-emitting element 210 both extend along the second direction Y. In this case, the major axis directions Q1 of the two first lens structures 312 located on the left and right sides of the first light-emitting element 210 extend along the second direction Y. The upper side 213 and the lower side 214 of the first light-emitting element 210 each extend along the first direction X. In this case, the major axis directions Q1 of the two first lens structures 312 located on the upper and lower sides of the first light-emitting element 210 each extend along the first direction X.

[0173] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 21 , the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the substrate 100 is shaped like at least one of an ellipse and a rectangle. FIG. 21 illustrates the embodiment of the present application using the elliptical orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the substrate 100 as an example. The lens structure 310 includes a major axis Q1 and a minor axis Q2. The dimension of the lens structure 310 along the major axis Q1 is greater than the dimension along the minor axis Q2. Multiple lens structures 310 are arranged in multiple rows, with each row comprising multiple lens structures 310 arranged along a first direction X. The major axes Q1 of the lens structures 310 in a row are parallel to each other, and the major axes Q1 of the lens structures 310 in two adjacent rows intersect. For example, in two adjacent rows of lens structures 310, the major axis Q1 of one row of lens structures 310 is parallel to the first direction X, while the major axis Q1 of the lens structures 310 in the other row of lens structures 310 is parallel to the second direction Y. When the first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction Y, the major axes Q1 of the lens structures 310 in the two adjacent rows are perpendicular to each other. This helps increase the duty cycle of the lens structure 310 and the light-emitting element 200 in the light-emitting substrate 1100, thereby improving the pixel fill rate of the light-emitting substrate 1100 and reducing the graininess of the light-emitting element 200. Specifically, when the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the substrate 100 is an ellipse, the major axis direction Q1 of the lens structure 310 is the same as the major axis direction of the ellipse, and the minor axis direction Q2 of the lens structure 310 is the same as the minor axis direction of the ellipse. When the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the substrate 100 is a rectangle, the major axis direction of the lens structure 310 is the same as the long side direction of the rectangle, and the minor axis direction of the lens structure 310 is the same as the short side direction of the rectangle.

[0174] In other embodiments, referring to FIG. 22 , a plurality of light-emitting elements 200 are arranged in a standard manner (or a strip arrangement). In this case, the interval between at least two light-emitting elements 200 is small, which is insufficient to set a lens structure 310 between any two light-emitting elements 200 .

[0175] Based on this, the multiple light-emitting elements 200 include multiple light-emitting element groups 201, each light-emitting element group 201 including at least two light-emitting elements 200. The light-emitting element group 201 can be the smallest combination unit of the multiple light-emitting elements 200 and the smallest unit capable of displaying full color. For example, when the multiple light-emitting elements 200 include multiple first light-emitting elements 210, multiple second light-emitting elements 220, and multiple third light-emitting elements 230, a light-emitting element group 201 can include one first light-emitting element 210, one second light-emitting element 220, and one third light-emitting element 230. Of course, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to this, and any other suitable light-emitting element group division method can also be used, as long as the same technical concept is adopted.

[0176] The spacing between two adjacent light-emitting elements 200 belonging to the same light-emitting element group 201 is smaller than the spacing between two adjacent light-emitting element groups 201. Based on this, the lens structure 310 can be disposed between adjacent light-emitting element groups 201. That is, the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the first surface 101 is located between adjacent light-emitting element groups 201. This, on the one hand, helps increase the space for disposing the lens structure 310, and thus helps increase the size of the lens structure 310, thereby increasing the amount of light directed toward the lens structure 310, improving the light convergence effect of the lens structure on the light-emitting elements 200, and increasing the amount of light emitted in the normal viewing direction of the light-emitting substrate 1100. Furthermore, it can also improve the light mixing effect of the multiple light-emitting elements 200 within the light-emitting element group 201, thereby improving the color purity and uniformity of the white light emitted by the light-emitting substrate.

[0177] For example, taking the arrangement of the light-emitting elements 200 shown in FIG. 22 , a light-emitting element group 201 includes three light-emitting elements 200 spaced apart along a first direction X, and the area containing the three light-emitting elements 200 is a rectangle. Based on this, the orthographic projection of the lens structure 310 on the first surface 101 can be arranged to be rectangular around the light-emitting element group 201. This can maximize the utilization of the space between the light-emitting element groups 201, thereby increasing the size of the lens structure 310, thereby increasing the amount of light directed toward the lens structure 310, improving the light convergence effect of the lens structure 310 on the light-emitting elements 200, and increasing the brightness of the light-emitting substrate 1100 in the normal viewing direction.

[0178] Continuing to refer to FIG22 , the lens structure 310 arranged side by side with the light-emitting element group 201 along the first direction X and the lens structure 310 arranged side by side with the light-emitting element group 201 along the second direction Y may be different in shape and size, so as to maximize the size of the lens structure 310 at different positions, maximize the light convergence effect of the lens structure 310 on the light-emitting element 200, and increase the brightness of the light-emitting substrate 1100 in the front view direction.

[0179] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 23 and 24 , the light-emitting substrate 1100 includes a light-emitting area AA defined by the outer contour of the outermost light-emitting element 200. The light-emitting substrate includes a first support column 600 positioned between the substrate 100 and the cover plate 300. The first support column 600 is disposed in contact with both the substrate 100 and the cover plate 300. The orthographic projection of the first support column 600 on the substrate 100 surrounds the light-emitting area AA. The first support column 600 strengthens the support between the substrate 100 and the cover plate 300, reducing the risk of collapse between the substrate 100 and the cover plate 300.

[0180] When the light-emitting substrate 1100 includes a sealing portion 400 and a filling portion 500, the orthographic projection of the first support column 600 on the substrate 100 is located between the orthographic projection of the sealing portion 400 on the substrate 100 and the light-emitting area AA. For example, referring to FIG. 23 , the light-emitting substrate 1100 includes a plurality of first support columns 600. The plurality of first support columns 600 can be arranged around the light-emitting area AA, and the first support columns 600 can be spaced apart from the light-emitting element 200, the lens structure 310, and the sealing portion 400, respectively, to reduce the risk of interference between the first support columns 600 and the light-emitting element 200, the lens structure 310, and the sealing portion 400.

[0181] Exemplarily, the light-emitting substrate 1100 may include a second support column 700 and the above-mentioned first support column 600 at the same time, wherein the second support column 700 is located inside the light-emitting area AA. Exemplarily, the above-mentioned first support column 600 and the second support column 700 may be spacers (Photo Spacer; abbreviated as: PS). The light-emitting substrate 1100 may include the second support column 700 and the first support column 600 at the same time, which may be suitable for situations where the light-emitting substrate 1100 is larger in size (for example, when the light-emitting area AA is rectangular or approximately rectangular, the diagonal length of the light-emitting area is greater than 6 inches or greater than 10 inches) to provide better support for the light-emitting substrate. In some embodiments, referring to Figure 25, when a plurality of light-emitting elements 200 are arranged in a straight strip arrangement as shown in Figure 25, a lens structure 310 is provided between two adjacent light-emitting element groups 201 along the first direction X, and a lens structure 310 is provided between two adjacent light-emitting element groups 201 along the second direction Y. The adjacent ends of the four lens structures 310 located between the four light-emitting element groups 201 in two adjacent rows and two columns form a second region BB. The light-emitting substrate 1100 may further include multiple second support columns 700, with each second support column 700 located within each second region BB. The second support columns 700 are disposed in contact with both the substrate 100 and the cover plate 300. The second support columns 700 further enhance the support between the substrate 100 and the cover plate 300, reducing the risk of collapse between the substrate 100 and the cover plate 300.

[0182] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, but the scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that a person skilled in the art can conceive within the technical scope disclosed in the present disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present disclosure should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A light-emitting substrate, comprising: A substrate, a cover plate, and a plurality of light-emitting elements located on the substrate, wherein the plurality of light-emitting elements are located between the substrate and the cover plate; The cover plate includes a plurality of lens structures protruding toward one side of the substrate, wherein the orthographic projection of the center of the lens structure on the substrate is located outside the orthographic projection of the light-emitting element on the substrate, and the orthographic projection of at least part of the lens structure on the substrate is located between the orthographic projections of adjacent light-emitting elements on the substrate.

2. The light-emitting substrate according to claim 1, wherein The light-emitting substrate further comprises a sealing portion and a filling portion, wherein the sealing portion, the substrate and the cover plate together form a closed space surrounding the filling portion; Wherein, the refractive index of the filling portion is smaller than the refractive index of the lens structure.

3. The light-emitting substrate according to claim 2, wherein The filling portion is gas. The light-emitting substrate according to claim 1 , wherein: The cover plate further includes an extending portion extending in parallel to an extending plane of the substrate. The extending portion is located on a side of the lens structure away from the substrate, and the extending portion is connected to the lens structure.

5. The light-emitting substrate according to claim 4, wherein The lens structure and the extension portion are an integrated structure. The light-emitting substrate according to claim 4 , wherein: The material of the lens structure includes at least one of transparent glass and transparent resin; and / or the material of the extension portion includes at least one of transparent glass and transparent resin.

7. The light-emitting substrate according to claim 1, wherein A surface of a cover plate region located between adjacent lens structures and facing the substrate is conformal to the extended surface of the substrate.

8. The light-emitting substrate according to claim 1, wherein The surface of the cover plate area between adjacent lens structures facing the substrate is a plane.

9. The light-emitting substrate according to claim 1, wherein The lens structure has a cross-sectional area that decreases toward the substrate; an extending direction of the cross-section is parallel to an extending direction of the substrate relative to the lens structure.

10. The light emitting substrate according to claim 1, wherein The light-emitting substrate includes a light-emitting area defined by the outer contour of the outermost light-emitting element; The light emitting substrate includes a first support column located between the substrate and the cover plate, wherein the first support column is in contact with both the substrate and the cover plate; Wherein, the first supporting column is arranged around the light emitting area in an orthographic projection on the substrate. The light-emitting substrate according to claim 10 , wherein: The light-emitting substrate comprises a sealing portion and a filling portion, wherein the sealing portion, the substrate and the cover plate together form a closed space surrounding the filling portion; The orthographic projection of the first supporting column on the substrate is located between the orthographic projection of the sealing portion on the substrate and the light emitting area.

12. The light-emitting substrate according to claim 1, wherein The plurality of lens structures are all lens structures present on the cover plate.

13. The light-emitting substrate according to claim 1, wherein Along the thickness direction of the light emitting element, the minimum distance from the lens structure to the substrate is less than or equal to the distance from the end of the light emitting element away from the substrate to the substrate.

14. The light-emitting substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein: The plurality of light-emitting elements include a plurality of light-emitting element groups, each of the light-emitting element groups includes at least one light-emitting element, and the plurality of light-emitting element groups are arranged in a plurality of rows and columns, wherein two adjacent light-emitting element groups belonging to two adjacent rows are staggered in a first direction, and two adjacent light-emitting element groups belonging to two adjacent columns are staggered in a second direction; the first direction is a row direction in which the plurality of light-emitting element groups are arranged, and the second direction is a column direction in which the plurality of light-emitting element groups are arranged; The orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is located between adjacent light emitting element groups and is spaced apart from the light emitting element groups.

15. The light-emitting substrate according to claim 14, wherein One of the light emitting element groups includes one light emitting element; The plurality of light-emitting elements include a plurality of first light-emitting elements, a plurality of second light-emitting elements, and a plurality of third light-emitting elements, wherein one of the first light-emitting elements, the second light-emitting elements, and the third light-emitting elements is configured to emit red light, another is configured to emit green light, and another is configured to emit blue light; A line connecting the centers of the orthographic projections of the closest first light-emitting element, the closest second light-emitting element, and the closest third light-emitting element on the substrate forms a triangle. The light-emitting substrate according to claim 15 , wherein: The maximum length of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate along the first direction is less than or equal to the distance between two adjacent light-emitting elements of the lens structure in the first direction, and / or, The maximum length of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate along the second direction is less than or equal to the distance between two adjacent light-emitting elements of the lens structure in the second direction.

17. The light-emitting substrate according to claim 15, wherein Along the first direction, the orthographic projection of the center of the lens structure on the substrate is equal to the interval between two adjacent light-emitting elements; and / or, Along the second direction, the orthographic projection of the center of the lens structure on the substrate is equal to the interval between two adjacent light-emitting elements.

18. The light-emitting substrate according to any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein: The light emitting element comprises a first semiconductor layer, a light emitting layer, and a second semiconductor layer stacked in sequence in a direction away from the substrate; Wherein, in the thickness direction of the light-emitting element, the minimum distance from the lens structure to the substrate is less than or equal to the distance from the surface of the light-emitting layer away from the substrate to the substrate, or, In the thickness direction of the light-emitting element, the minimum distance from the lens structure to the substrate is greater than the distance from the surface of the light-emitting layer away from the substrate to the substrate, and the difference between the minimum distance from the lens structure to the substrate and the distance from the surface of the light-emitting layer away from the substrate to the substrate is less than or equal to 10 μm.

19. The light-emitting substrate according to any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein: A surface of the lens structure close to the substrate is a curved surface, and a curvature of the curved surface is less than 0.

15.

20. The light-emitting substrate according to any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein The surface of the lens structure close to the substrate is a curved surface, and the curvature of the curved surface is in the range of 0.05 to 0.

1.

21. The light-emitting substrate according to claim 19 or 20, wherein The orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is in the shape of a circle, an ellipse, and a rectangle, or, The surface of the lens structure close to the substrate is a spherical surface.

22. The light-emitting substrate according to claim 15, wherein In the first direction, the distance between the center of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate and the first light-emitting element is greater than the distance between the center of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate and the second light-emitting element, and greater than the distance between the center of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate and the third light-emitting element, and / or In the second direction, the distance between the center of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate and the first light-emitting element is greater than the distance between the center of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate and the second light-emitting element, and is greater than the distance between the center of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate and the third light-emitting element.

23. The light-emitting substrate according to claim 15, wherein The light-emitting element includes a target light-emitting element, wherein the viewing angle brightness of the target light-emitting element on a first side in a third direction is greater than the viewing angle brightness of the target light-emitting element on a second side in the third direction; The third direction is parallel to the first direction or the second direction; The target light-emitting element includes a lens structure on each side along the third direction, and the distance between the target light-emitting element and the orthographic projection of the center of the lens structure on the first side of the target light-emitting element on the substrate is smaller than the distance between the target light-emitting element and the orthographic projection of the center of the lens structure on the second side of the target light-emitting element on the substrate; The target light-emitting element is at least one of the first light-emitting element, the second light-emitting element, and the third light-emitting element.

24. The light-emitting substrate according to claim 15, wherein The orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is in the shape of at least one of an ellipse and a rectangle, the lens structure includes a long axis direction and a short axis direction, and the size of the lens structure along the long axis direction is greater than the size along the short axis direction; The lens structure located on the periphery of the first light-emitting element among the multiple lens structures is a first lens structure; the long axis direction of the first lens structure is perpendicular to the direction of the line connecting the center of the first light-emitting element and the center of the first lens structure; Wherein, when the shape of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is an ellipse, the long axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the long axis direction of the ellipse, and the short axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the short axis direction of the ellipse. The axis directions are the same; when the shape of the positive projection of the lens structure on the substrate is a rectangle, the long axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the long side direction of the rectangle, and the short axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the short side direction of the rectangle.

25. The light-emitting substrate according to claim 15, wherein The orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is in the shape of at least one of an ellipse and a rectangle, the lens structure includes a long axis direction and a short axis direction, and the size of the lens structure along the long axis direction is greater than the size along the short axis direction; The multiple lens structures are arranged in multiple rows, and one row includes multiple lens structures arranged along the first direction; the long axes of the lens structures in the same row are parallel to each other, and the long axes of the lens structures in two adjacent rows intersect; In which, when the shape of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is an ellipse, the long axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the long axis direction of the ellipse, and the short axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the short axis direction of the ellipse; when the shape of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is a rectangle, the long axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the long side direction of the rectangle, and the short axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the short side direction of the rectangle.

26. The light-emitting substrate according to any one of claims 22 to 25, wherein: The first light-emitting element is configured to emit red light; one of the second light-emitting element and the third light-emitting element is configured to emit green light, and the other is configured to emit blue light.

27. The light-emitting substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein The plurality of light-emitting elements include a plurality of light-emitting element groups, each light-emitting element group includes at least two light-emitting elements, and the interval between two adjacent light-emitting elements belonging to the same light-emitting element group is smaller than the interval between two adjacent light-emitting element groups; The orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is located between two adjacent light emitting element groups and is spaced apart from the light emitting element groups.

28. The light-emitting substrate according to claim 27, wherein The plurality of light-emitting elements include a plurality of first light-emitting elements, a plurality of second light-emitting elements, and a plurality of third light-emitting elements, wherein one of the first light-emitting elements, the second light-emitting elements, and the third light-emitting elements is configured to emit red light, another is configured to emit green light, and another is configured to emit blue light; the light-emitting element group includes a first light-emitting element, a second light-emitting element, and a third light-emitting element adjacently arranged along a first direction, and an area defined by an outer contour of the light-emitting element group is a first area; the first direction is a row direction in which the plurality of light-emitting elements are arranged; The orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is in the shape of at least one of an ellipse and a rectangle, the lens structure has a long axis and a short axis, and the size of the lens structure along the long axis is greater than the size along the short axis; The long axis direction of the lens structure is parallel to the extension direction of the side of the first region close to the lens structure; In which, when the shape of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is an ellipse, the long axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the long axis direction of the ellipse, and the short axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the short axis direction of the ellipse; when the shape of the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the substrate is a rectangle, the long axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the long side direction of the rectangle, and the short axis direction of the lens structure is the same as the short side direction of the rectangle.

29. The light-emitting substrate according to claim 25 or 26, wherein A lens structure is included between two adjacent light emitting element groups along the first direction, and a lens structure is included between two adjacent light emitting element groups along the second direction; the mutually adjacent ends of the four lens structures located between four light emitting element groups in two adjacent rows and two columns form a second area; The light emitting substrate further includes a plurality of second supporting columns, one second supporting column is located in one second area, and the second supporting column is disposed in contact with both the substrate and the cover plate.

30. The light-emitting substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 29, wherein The size of the light emitting element is less than or equal to 50 μm; and / or, The interval between two adjacent light emitting elements along the first direction is 6 μm to 300 μm; the first direction is the row direction in which the plurality of light emitting element groups are arranged; and / or, The interval between two adjacent light emitting elements along the second direction is 6 μm to 300 μm; the second direction is the column direction in which the plurality of light emitting element groups are arranged.

31. The light-emitting substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 30, wherein The light emitting element is close to one end of the cover plate and is spaced apart from the cover plate.

32. The light-emitting substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 31, wherein The light-emitting substrate further includes a sealing portion and a filling portion, wherein the sealing portion, the substrate, and the cover plate together form a closed space surrounding the filling portion; and / or, The refractive index of the lens structure is greater than or equal to 1.

5.

33. The light-emitting substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 32, wherein: The light-emitting substrate is a display substrate; The light-emitting substrate further includes a driving circuit layer located on the substrate. The driving circuit layer is electrically connected to the light-emitting element and is used to provide a driving signal for the light-emitting element.

34. The light-emitting substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 33, wherein The light-emitting element is a mini-LED or a Micro-LED.

35. A display module comprising the light-emitting substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 34.

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