Constant voltage regulation system for super capacitor

Abstract

A constant voltage regulation system for super capacitor, comprises of a supercapacitor 1 for supplying electrical output for operating a load in EV / HEV, a voltage sensor to facilitate continuous monitoring of supercapacitor's voltage level, an inverter 2 for inverting incoming DC voltage into AC voltage, a controller 7 for analyzing range voltage level is falling, a voltage boosting circuit for selectively adjusting voltage level in accordance with received signal required for driving the load 9, a step-up transformer 3 composed of a primary winding 4 and secondary winding 5 having plurality of tap out 6 terminals in connection with load 9 via corresponding number of relays 8 for selectively tapping tap out terminal 6, a voltage level detection unit for sensing output voltage post tapping operation, a PWM control unit adjusts duty cycle for precise voltage adjustments of 0 boosted voltage and match required voltage to drive / handle the load 9.

Description

CONSTANT VOLTAGE REGULATION SYSTEM FOR SUPER CAPACITORFIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to a constant voltage regulation system for super capacitor that provides a way of multi-level voltage adjustment to effectively boost / add the residual voltage level in supply voltage for matching the load requirements.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Batteries play a pivotal role in Electric Vehicles (EVs) and are the primary energy storage system in the EVs, storing electrical energy for later use to power the electric motor. The stored energy allows EVs to operate without relying on internal combustion engines, reducing or eliminating dependence on fossil fuels. Lead-acid batteries are one of the earliest and most common types of conventional batteries used in traditional hybrid vehicles. They are relatively inexpensive, but have limitations in terms of energy density and weight.

[0003] While conventional batteries have been widely used in earlier hybrid models, there is a growing trend towards transitioning to more advanced battery technologies. Regenerative braking battery charging system improves the overall efficiency of the vehicle by reducing the energy wastage during braking and further stores a significant amount of energy for providing optimal voltage to all the components of the electric vehicle. However, regenerative braking battery charging system is incapable of providing voltage to the components in accordance with the load of the vehicle. With advancements in technology, super capacitors are introduced with the electric vehicle and are able to rapidly store and release energy. However, super capacitors require a constant voltage supply under different current conditions and also lacks in providing required voltage for driving / handing load to be carried by EV / HEV.

[0004] US8517132B2 discloses about a battery pack that can be exchanged at a battery exchange station. At the battery exchange station, and at least partially spent battery pack is exchanged for an at least partially charged battery pack. A battery bay is configured to be disposed at an underside of the electric vehicle. The battery bay includes a frame which defines a cavity. The cavity is configured to at least partially receive the battery pack therein. The battery bay comprises at leastone latch rotatable pivoted about an axis substantially parallel with a plane formed by the underside of the vehicle. The latch is configured to lift, retain the battery pack at least partially within the cavity. Although, US’ 132 is capable of providing continuous power supply as required by the electric vehicle. However, the cited disclosure is incapable of boosting the voltage of the battery pack in accordance to the supply voltage which may be carried by the vehicle. Additionally, the cited disclosure is also silent on providing any means for minimizing the intensity of the output voltage to provide a soft start to the components of the EV / HEV.

[0005] US7782014B2 discloses about method and system for managing a plurality of batteries and useable by way of example with a partially or completely electrically powered vehicle (EV) includes a plurality of monitor modules each coupled to at least one of the plurality of batteries and configured to monitor the voltage and temperature thereof, a master controller, and a non- conductive fiber optic network coupling the plurality of monitor modules to one another and to the master controller. The master controller commands the transmission of battery voltage and temperature information from the plurality of monitor modules over the network, receives battery voltage and temperature information from the monitor modules over the network, and perform calculations based on the received information to determine if any of the plurality of batteries require balancing measures, and based thereon, commands the corresponding monitor modules to implement balancing measures over the network. Although, US’014 is capable of managing plurality of batteries and useable by wav of example with a partially or completely powered vehicle (EV). However, the system is inefficient in detecting the charging status of the battery in order to boost the voltage to a pre-defined level based on load acting on the vehicle, thereby failing in providing a constant amount voltage to all the components of the vehicle for a smoother transition.

[0006] Conventionally, many systems are available in the market that are capable of providing continuous power / voltage to the components of the EV / HEV. However, these systems are incapable of boosting the voltage at multiple levels as per supply voltage.

[0007] In order to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks, there exists a need in the art to develop a system that is capable of initially detecting the charging level of the EV / HEV and based on the load to be driven, ramps up the voltage to a required level for avoiding any type of voltage lag while driving / handling the load.OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The principal object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.

[0009] An object of the present invention is to develop a system that is capable of maintaining a constant voltage which is supplied to the components of EV (Electric Vehicle) / HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) for driving a load.

[0010] Another object of the present invention is to develop a system that is capable of modulating the initial voltage to achieve a soft start of the components of the EV / HEV as gradual increase in power achieved from the modulated voltage helps to prevent sudden stress on the components.

[0011] Yet another object of the present invention is to develop a system that provides a way of multi-level voltage adjustment to effectively boost / add the residual voltage level in supply voltage for matching the load requirements.

[0012] The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent upon further review of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0013] The present invention directs to a constant voltage regulation system for super capacitor that is capable of maintaining a constant voltage which is supplied to the components of EV (Electric Vehicle) / HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) for driving a load and provides a way of multi-level voltage adjustment to effectively boost / add the residual voltage level in supply voltage for matching the load requirements.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a constant voltage regulation system for super capacitor, comprises of a supercapacitor encased within an EV (electric vehicle ) / HEV (hybrid electrical vehicle) for supplying electrical output to be used for operating a load in the EV / HEV, wherein a voltage sensing means, preferably a voltage sensor is interfaced with the supercapacitor to facilitate continuous detection and monitoring of supercapacitor’s voltage level, aDC to AC conversion means, preferably an inverter connected with super capacitor for converting DC (Direct Current) voltage stored in the super capacitor to AC (Alternating Current) voltage, a controller selected from but not limited to a microcontroller, linear or digital IC or any other form of glue logic in conjunction with the inverter and voltage sensor for analyzing a range in which the voltage level is falling, wherein based on the decoded voltage range, the controller outputs a relative command signal, a voltage boosting circuit interlinked with the inverter and controller for selectively adjusting the voltage level in accordance with the received signal, which is based on comparison of decoded voltage range with a reference voltage required for driving the load, wherein the voltage boosting circuit is comprises of a step-up transformer composed of a primary winding interfaced with the inverter and a secondary winding having multiple tap out terminals in connection with the load via corresponding number of switching means, selected from but not limited to relay, scr, mosfet, igbt etc, preferably relays, wherein the relays are operatively coupled to the controller for selectively tapping the tap out terminals with the load, wherein each of the tap out terminals are dedicated with a defined voltage range which are selectively tapped through the relays for compensating the difference between supplied voltage and required / reference voltage to match the load requirement and a voltage level detection unit connected with the step-up transformer for sensing output voltage post tapping operation, wherein in case the controller linked with the voltage level detection unit determines the output boosted voltage to be still deviating from required voltage by nominal margin, the controller directs a PWM (pulse width modulation) control unit to adjust duty cycle for precise voltage adjustment of the boosted voltage in view of matching required voltage to drive / handle the load.

[0015] In accordance with the above embodiment of the present invention, integration of multiple taps out terminals with the secondary winding of the transformer provides a way of multi-level voltage adjustment to effectively boost / add the residual voltage level in supply voltage for matching the load requirements, wherein depending on the desired voltage range, tap out terminals can be added or removed

[0016] While the invention has been described and shown with particular reference to the preferred embodiment, it will be apparent that variations might be possible that would fall within the scope of the present invention.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:Figure 1 illustrates a circuit diagram of a constant voltage regulation system for super capacitor; Figure 2 illustrates a flow chart depicting the working methodology of the proposed system; and Figure 3 illustrates a block diagram of the proposed system.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The following description includes the preferred best mode of one embodiment of the present invention. It will be clear from this description of the invention that the invention is not limited to these illustrated embodiments but that the invention also includes a variety of modifications and embodiments thereto. Therefore, the present description should be seen as illustrative and not limiting. While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, it should be understood, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific form disclosed, but, on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims.

[0019] In any embodiment described herein, the open-ended terms "comprising," "comprises,” and the like (which are synonymous with "including," "having” and "characterized by") may be replaced by the respective partially closed phrases "consisting essentially of," consists essentially of," and the like or the respective closed phrases "consisting of," "consists of, the like.

[0020] As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” designate both the singular and the plural, unless expressly stated to designate the singular only.

[0021] The present invention is envisioned towards a constant voltage regulation system for super capacitor that is capable of modulating the initial voltage to achieve a soft start of the components of the EV / HEV as gradual increase in power achieved from the modulated voltage helps to prevent sudden stress on the components. In addition, the proposed system also performs continuous monitoring of voltage throughout the operation to maintain a constant voltage by adjusting outputvoltage at multiple levels for driving load of EV / HEV adequately.

[0022] Referring to Figure 1 and 2, a circuit diagram of constant voltage regulation system for super capacitor and a flow chart depicting the working methodology of the proposed system are illustrated, respectively, comprising a voltage sensing means (not shown in Figure), preferably a voltage sensor linked to a super capacitor 1 installed in an EV / HEV, a DC to AC conversion means 2, preferably an (inverter) connected with the super capacitor 1, a controller 7 selected from but not limited to a microcontroller, linear or digital IC or any other form of glue logic in conjunction with the inverter 2, a step-up transformer 3 composed of a primary winding 4 and a secondary winding 5 associated with the system, including multiple tap out terminals 6 in connection with switching means 8 selected from but not limited to relay, scr, mosfet, igbt etc, a voltage level detection unit (not shown in Figure) connected with the step-up transformer 3 and an output load 9 associated with the system.

[0023] The system disclosed herein comprises of a super capacitor 1 encased within an EV (Electric Vehicle ) / HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) for sensing voltage across super capacitor 1. The supercapacitor 1 supplies electrical output which is used for handling load 9 in EV / HEV. The super capacitor 1 serves as a key energy storage component. It stores DC (Direct Current) voltage. Super capacitors 1 have two electrodes, typically made of high-surface-area materials like activated carbon. These electrodes provide ample surface area for the electrochemical process to occur.

[0024] The supercapacitor 1 is interfaced with a voltage sensing means (not shown in Figure), preferably a voltage sensor to continuously detect and monitor and voltage level across the super capacitor 1. This information is essential for determining the charging status of the super capacitor 1. The voltage sensor works by measuring the electrical potential difference between two points within the super capacitor 1, providing real-time data on its voltage. The voltage sensor continuously measures the electrical potential difference, or voltage, across the super capacitor 1 for understanding the energy state of the super capacitor 1.

[0025] The DC voltage which is stored in the super capacitor 1 is converted into AC (Alternating Current) by a DC to AC conversion means 2, preferably an inverter 2 electrically coupled with the super capacitor 1. The inverter 2 contains circuitry, typically made up of electronic components like transistors, diodes and capacitors. These components organized in a specific configuration, often referred to as a bridge circuit or inverter topology. The inverter’s 2 primary function is to convertthe steady DC voltage from the super capacitor 1 into AC voltage through inversion. The inverter 2 alternately opens and closes switches within its circuitry to create an oscillating voltage waveform. The switches in the inverter 2 rapidly switch the direction of the current flow. This switching creates a series of voltage pulses that collectively form an AC waveform. The inverter 2 plays a pivotal role in the powertrain system and converts the stored DC voltage from the super capacitor 1 into AC voltage.

[0026] The system discloses about a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control unit 10 that is utilized for modulating the converted AC voltage by the inverter 2 to achieve a soft start of the components of the EV / HEV. When the EV / HEV is powered on or when power demand is initiated, a PWM control unit 10 controls the inverter’s 2 output. The primary objective is to gradually increases the power supplied to the components rather than applying the full power immediately. The PWM control unit 10 modulates the width of the pulses in the AC voltage waveform. By adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal, the average voltage supplied to the electric motor is controlled.

[0027] Sudden stress in power causes stress on the electrical and mechanical components. By modulating the AC voltage through the PWM control unit 10, the soft start mechanism prevents sudden stress on the electric motor and assembled components. As the duty cycle is increased progressively, the power delivered to the motor gradually increases. This gradual power increase avoids sudden accelerations and reduces the risk of damage to the components. Once the soft start phase is complete and the components have reached stable operating conditions, the PWM control unit 10 is adjusted to allow full power operation by the PWM control unit 10.

[0028] The modulated AC voltage is evaluated by a controller 7 associated with the system. The controller is selected from but not limited to a microcontroller, linear or digital IC or any other form of glue logic. The voltage information is used to calculate the State of Charge (SOC) of the capacitor 1. The SOC represents the ratio of the current stored charge to the maximum charge the capacitor 1 can hold at its rated voltage. The controller 7 has a reference voltage value, often set to 100% of the required voltage for driving the load 9. This required voltage is target or desired value that the system aims to achieve. The controller 7 calculates the error by subtracting the measured voltage. The error represents the deviation of the stored voltage from the desired level. The controller 7 may utilize analog to digital converter for determining the voltage level received from the invertor / PWM module.

[0029] The controller 7 has a predefined reference voltage that represents the required voltage for driving the load 9 of the EV / HEV. This reference voltage is often determined based on the load requirements and serves as the target voltage the system aims to achieve. The controller 7 incorporates thresholds or tolerance levels to account for acceptable variations in the stored voltage. Based on the error calculation, the controller 7 compares the measured / stored voltage with the required voltage.

[0030] The controller 7 generates adjustment commands or control signals based on the error analysis. These commands specify how the system should adjust the stored voltage to bring it closer to the required voltage for handling the load 9. A voltage boosting circuit is interlinked with the inverter 2 and controller 7 for selectively adjusting the voltage level in accordance with the received signal, which is based on comparison of decoded voltage range with a reference voltage required for driving the load 9. The voltage boosting circuit comprises of a step-up transformer 3 composed of a primary winding 4 interfaced with the inverter 2 and a secondary winding 5 having plurality of tap out terminals 6 in connection with the load 9 via corresponding number of switching means 8, selected from but limited to relay scr, mosfet, igbt etc, preferably relay which are operatively coupled with the controller 7 for selectively tapping the tap out terminals 6 with the load 9, wherein each of the tap out terminals 6 are dedicated with a defined voltage range which are selectively tapped through the relays 8 for compensating the difference between said supplied voltage and required / reference voltage in order to match the load requirement. The controller 7 is linked to a tap selector 11 which is responsible for selectively tapping the tap out terminals 6 with the load 9 in view of compensating the difference between said supplied voltage and required / reference voltage to match the load requirement. The step-up transformer 3 is designed to increase the voltage level from the primary winding 4 to the secondary winding 5. The ratio of turns in the primary and secondary winding 5 determines the voltage transformation.

[0031] The secondary winding 5 of the transformer 3 is equipped with multiple taps out terminals 6 at different points along its length. Each tap out terminal 6 represents a specific voltage level, and the controller 7 selects different tap out terminals 6 to achieve the desired output voltage. Hardware components such as SCRs (Silicon-controlled rectifiers), MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor), IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), or relays 8 are basically utilized here as tap selectors for switching between different voltage levels. The controller 7 receives information about the required voltage. Based on this information and command received, the controller 7 determines the necessary voltage boost to match the required level. The controller 7 inresponse to the command, activates specific relays 8 to connect to the appropriate tap out terminal 6 on the secondary winding 5. The selection of the tap out terminals 6 allows the controller 7 to finetune the voltage output, enabling flexibility in adjusting the voltage level according to the system requirements and the required voltage.

[0032] As mentioned earlier, the secondary winding 5 of the step-up transformer 3 are basically designed with multiple taps out terminals 6, for example at least four taps depending on the desired voltage range, tap out terminals 6 can be added or removed, each corresponding to a specific voltage range. These tap out terminals 6 are strategically placed along the winding to achieve different voltage levels. These four tap out terminals 6 are designated with varied voltage ranges, allowing voltage adjustments. The voltage ranges of each of the tap out terminals 6 are as follows: First tap: 10 to 25 %, Second tap: 25 to 50%, Third tap: 50 to 75%, fourth tap: 75 to 100%. The controller 7 continuously monitors the stored voltage and compares it with the required voltage for driving the load 9. Based on the difference between the stored voltage and the required voltage, the controller 7 determines the appropriate tap out terminal 6 to use for boosting up the measured / stored voltage to match the load requirements.

[0033] The relays 8 are controlled by the controller 7, and their purpose is to selectively connect the load 9 to the desired tap out terminals 6 of transformer 3 based on the voltage requirement. When the controller 7 identifies a difference between the stored voltage and required voltage, it analyzes the magnitude of the difference, and this analysis helps the controller 7 in choosing a suitable tap out terminal 6 to achieve the necessary voltage boost. The controller 7 activates the relays 8 corresponding to the selected tap out terminal 6. This completes the circuit between the chosen tap out terminal 6 and the load 9, enabling the transformer 3 to boost the voltage to the desired level.

[0034] As the circuit is completed through the selected tap out terminals 6, the step-up transformer 3 increases the voltage according to the specified range. The variation in the voltage range for each tap provides a graded adjustment to meet the load requirements. For example: Let’s assume that at a particular instance, the stored / measured voltage range in the super capacitor 1 is within 35 / 40%, which is below the required voltage, i.e., 100% for handling the load 9. So, considering this scenario along with the “taps and voltage ranges highlighted in para 0033”, the controller 7 will select the 2ndtap out terminal as the percentage of voltage range falls within the range of 2ndtap out terminal. The second tap out terminal is designed to boost the voltage level if the voltage level lies in the range of 25 to 50%. The controller 7 analyzes the difference between the stored and requiredvoltage and the magnitude of the difference enables the controller 7 in selecting the appropriate tap out terminal 6 for boosting the voltage to meet the required voltage level. The circuit between the 2ndtap out terminal and the load 9 is completed through the activated relay 8. This allows the step- up transformer 3 to boost the stored voltage to the desired level. Accordingly, corresponding tap out terminal 6 is selected based on the percentage range in which the voltage level is falling.

[0035] However, it might be possible that the boosted voltage coming through the step-up transformer 3 may not fall within the above specified ranges, i.e., 10 to 25 %, 25 to 50%, 50 to 75% and 75 to 100% and the voltage level may be below a threshold range or above required voltage.• Below threshold (10%): If the boosted voltage falls below a lower threshold (i.e., 10%) voltage range, the controller 7 identifies it’s as too low or inefficient for operation.• Above Required Voltage (100%): If the boosted voltage exceeds the required voltage (i.e., 100%), the controller 7 recognizes it as excessive.

[0036] So, in this case, the controller 7 re-iterates the above procedures i.e., taking output voltage from supercapacitor 1 followed with conversion of DC to AC until the voltage level falls in any of the ranges specified for multiple out terminals 6.

[0037] For instance, assuming the load / reference / required voltage to be 48 volts, the voltage range will be as follows:

[0038] After boosting, the transformer 3 provides an AC voltage output according to the selectedtap out terminal 6. However, many loads, especially electronic devices and electric vehicles require DC voltage for operation. A rectifier 6 is linked to the tap out terminals 6, typically connected after the secondary winding 5 of the transformer 3. The rectifier can be an active rectifier or a typical diode rectifier. The rectifier’s 6 role is to convert the boosted AC voltage to DC voltage, making it suitable for the driving the load operations post tapping operation. The rectifier 6 utilizes diodes or other semiconductors devices to rectify the AC voltage. During this process, it converts the alternating current to a unidirectional flow, resulting in a pulsating DC waveform.

[0039] The rectified DC voltage is then available for the load 9. The controller 7 continuously monitors the voltage and, if necessary, adjusts the tap out terminals 6 to regulate the output and meet the required load 9.

[0040] Further, a voltage level detection unit is connected with the step up transformer 3 for sensing output voltage post tapping operation, wherein in case the controller 7 linked with the voltage level detection unit determines the output boosted voltage to be still deviating from the required voltage by nominal margin, in that case, the controller 7 directs the PWM (pulse width modulation) control unit 10 to adjust duty cycle for precise voltage adjustment of the boosted voltage in view of matching the required voltage to drive / handle the load 9.

[0041] The PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control unit 10 is associated with the system that is directed by the controller 7 to activate in case the voltage requirement for handling the load 9 is still not met and deviates with nominal margin. PWM as mentioned herein is a technique that modulates the width of the pulses in the pulse train, allowing for precise adjustment of the boosted voltage delivered for driving the load 9. If the controller 7 determines that the boosted voltage still not meets the required voltage, the controller 7 directs the PWM control unit 10 to adjust the duty cycle of the pulse train. Once the duty cycle is properly adjusted, then the controller 7 re-iterates the above procedures i.e., taking output voltage from supercapacitor 1 followed with conversion of DC to AC until the voltage level falls in any of the ranges specified for multiple out terminals 6 The duty cycle represents the proportion of the time during which the pulse is in the “on state”. By modifying the duty cycle, the PWM control unit 10 effectively controls the average voltage delivered to the load 9. If the voltage is too low, increasing the duty cycle raises the average voltage. Conversely, if the voltage is too high, decreasing the duty cycle lowers the average voltage.

[0042] The system operates in a closed-loop manner and the controller 7 continuously monitors theboosted voltage via voltage level detection unit and adjusts the duty cycle as needed. The core processing unit generates the PWM signals consists of timer, clock source, and comparators. The timer or counter within the controller 7 is used to generate the timing for the PWM pulses. It counts clock cycle and resets when a specific value is reached, determining the period of the PWM cycle. The clock source provides the timing reference for the timer / counter. The frequency of the clock determines the resolution and frequency of the PWM signals. To some extent, comparators are used to compare the timer / counter value with a reference value, determining when to switch the PWM state.

[0043] This transition is carefully managed to avoid abrupt changes in power delivery. Throughout the operation of the voltage modulation, boosting and supply, continuous monitoring of voltage is performed by the controller 7 and based the monitored voltage yield, the duty cycle is precisely adjusted to attain the required voltage.

[0044] The present invention works best in the following manner, where the supercapacitor 1 as disclosed in the invention is encased within an EV / HEV for supplying electrical output to be used for operating a load 9 in the EV / HEV. The voltage sensor is interfaced with the supercapacitor 1 to facilitate continuous detection and monitoring of voltage level of the supercapacitor 1. Post detection and monitoring of the voltage level, the inverter 2 as disclosed in the invention converts the DC voltage stored in the super capacitor 1 to AC voltage. The PWM control unit 10 as disclosed in the invention also utilized for modulating the converted AC voltage by the inverter 2 to achieve a soft start of the components of the EV / HEV and gradual increase in power achieved from the modulated voltage helps to prevent sudden stress on the components. The controller 7 in conjunction with the inverter and voltage sensor analyzes a range in which the voltage level is falling, wherein based on the decoded voltage range, the controller 7 outputs a relative command signal. The voltage boosting circuit interlinked with the inverter and controller 7 selectively adjusts the voltage level in accordance with the received signal, which is based on comparison of decoded voltage range with a reference voltage required for driving the load 9, wherein the voltage boosting circuit comprises of step-up transformer 3 composed of a primary winding 4 interfaced with the inverter and a secondary winding 5 having multiple tap out terminals 6 in connection with the load 9 via corresponding number of relays 8, wherein the relays 8 are operatively coupled to the controller 7 for selectively tapping the tap out terminals 6 with the load 9, wherein each of said tap out terminals 6 are dedicated with a defined voltage range which are selectively tapped through the relays 8 for compensating the difference between said supplied voltage and required / referencevoltage in order to match the load requirement. Lastly, a voltage level detection unit is connected with the step-up transformer 3 for sensing output voltage post tapping operation, wherein in case the controller 7 linked with the voltage level detection unit determines the output boosted voltage to be still deviating from the required voltage by nominal margin, the controller 7 directs a PWM (pulse width modulation) control unit 10 to adjust duty cycle for precise voltage adjustment of the boosted voltage in view of matching the required voltage to drive / handle the load 9. (as illustrated in Figure 3)-

[0045] In an embodiment, the tap out terminals 6 at the secondary winding 5 as disclosed in the invention can be increased or decreased based on the requirement. The number of tap out terminals 6 which are currently disclosed in the invention are four in number that are utilized for selectively boosting up the voltage, if the voltage level falls in the range, i.e., 10 to 25 %, 25 to 50%, 50 to 75% and 75 to 100%. However, in case there is a requirement of high voltage for driving a heavy load 9, in that case, the number of taps out terminals 6 can be increased with least difference in between voltage ranges for precise boosting to achieve the required voltage.

[0046] Although the field of the invention has been described herein with limited reference to specific embodiments, this description is not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications of the disclosed embodiments, as well as alternate embodiments of the invention, will become apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description of the invention.

Claims

We Claim:1) A constant voltage regulation system for super capacitor, comprising: i) a supercapacitor 1 encased within an EV (electric vehicle) / HEV (hybrid electrical vehicle) for supplying electrical output to be used for operating a load 9 in said EV / HEV, wherein a voltage sensing means is interfaced with said supercapacitor 1 to facilitate continuous detection and monitoring of supercapacitor’s 1 voltage level; ii) an DC (direct current) to AC (alternating current) conversion means 2 electrically coupled with said supercapacitor 1 for inverting incoming DC (direct current) voltage into AC (alternating current) voltage; iii) a controller 7 in conjunction with said DC to AC conversion means 2 and voltage sensing means for analyzing a range in which the voltage level is falling, wherein based on the decoded voltage range, said controller 7 outputs a relative command signal; iv) a voltage boosting circuit interlinked with said DC to AC conversion means 2 and controller 7 for selectively adjusting the voltage level in accordance with the received signal, which is based on comparison of decoded voltage range with a reference voltage required for driving said load 9, wherein said voltage boosting circuit comprises of: a) a step-up transformer 3 composed of a primary winding 4 interfaced with said DC to AC conversion means 2 and a secondary winding 5 having plurality of tap out terminals 6 in connection with said load 9 via corresponding number of switching means 8, b) said switching means 8 operatively coupled to said controller 7, for selectively tapping said tap out terminals 6 with said load 9, wherein each of said tap out terminals 6 are dedicated with a defined voltage range which are selectively tapped through said switching means 8 for compensating the difference between said supplied voltage and required / reference voltage in order to match the load requirement; and v) a voltage level detection unit connected with said step-up transformer 3 for sensing output voltage post tapping operation, wherein in case said controller 7 linked with said voltage level detection unit determines said output boosted voltage to be still deviating from said required voltage by nominal margin, said controller 7 directs a PWM (pulse width modulation) control unit 10 to adjust duty cycle for precise voltage adjustment of said boosted voltage in view of matching said required voltage to drive / handle said load 9.2) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a rectifier 6 is associated with said tap out terminals 6 for converting said boosted AC voltage to DC post tapping operation to supply DC voltage for driving / handling said load 9, wherein said rectifier is selected from but not limited to active rectifier and diode rectifier.3) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said PWM control unit 10 is also utilized for modulating said converted AC voltage by said DC to AC conversion means 2 to achieve a soft start of the components of the EV / HEV and gradual increase in power achieved from said modulated voltage helps to prevent sudden stress on said components.4) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least four taps are integrated on secondary winding 5 of said transformer 3 designated with varied range of voltage which are selectively tapped, wherein based on required voltage range, said tap out terminals 6 can be increased or decreased.5) The system as claimed in claim 1 and 4, wherein voltage range for a first tap, second tap, third tap and fourth tap he in between 10 to 25%, 25 to 50%, 50 to 75%, 75 to 100%, respectively.6) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein throughout operation of said voltage modulation, boosting and voltage supply, continuous monitoring of voltage is being performed by said controller 7 and based on said monitored voltage yield, said duty cycle is being precisely adjusted to attain said required voltage.7) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said controller is selected from but not limited to a microcontroller, linear or digital IC or any other form of glue logic.8) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said switching means is selected from but not limited to relay, scr, mosfet, igbt.

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