Multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for power transmission lines

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for power transmission lines, comprising a vibration energy harvester, a vibration sensor, a circuit module, and an encapsulation housing. The vibration energy harvester is a vibration type electromagnetic generator, the vibration energy harvester adopts an initial position center-offset design, and the vibration energy harvester is used for harvesting vibration energy of power transmission lines and converting the vibration energy into electric energy for output so as to be used by other power consumption elements. The vibration sensor is a triboelectric vibration sensor, and the vibration sensor adopts a quasi-zero stiffness structure design. In the present invention, for the scenario of wind-induced vibration of power transmission lines, the device can simultaneously realize vibration energy harvesting and multi-parameter self-powered sensing of temperature, humidity, and vibration state and the like of power transmission lines, thereby avoiding the problem of failing to realize continuous and stable energy supply due to the limitation of severe weather and specific transmission conditions; and state early warning is realized by means of system integration, thereby further promoting the construction of an intelligent inspection network for power transmission lines.

Description

A multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for power transmission lines Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power grid monitoring technology, and in particular to a multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for transmission lines. Background Technology

[0002] Transmission lines, as critical infrastructure in global energy development, play a vital role in the energy supply network. They are characterized by their wide distribution, long length, and high-altitude installation. Furthermore, transmission lines are primarily installed in mountainous and hilly areas to prevent the waste of land resources. However, challenges such as high-risk mountain roads, low efficiency, and unpredictable hazards severely hinder the routine inspection of transmission lines. In particular, conductor temperature and vibration are prominent issues affecting the normal operation of transmission lines; continuous vibration and temperature changes directly impact their safety and efficiency. Therefore, monitoring the temperature and vibration of transmission lines is essential for ensuring their operational status and the safety of the power grid.

[0003] The development of digital technology has further propelled the advancement of intelligent detection technology. Notably, the construction of intelligent inspection networks requires the installation of numerous multi-parameter power sensors along transmission lines. However, traditional battery power supplies cannot meet the demands of large-scale distributed deployments. Therefore, the power supply problem for these sensors is becoming increasingly prominent. Currently, environmental energy harvesting technologies for intelligent transmission lines have been extensively studied, with photovoltaic power generation and CT mutual inductance being the most widely used methods. However, photovoltaic power generation is significantly affected by the environment, failing to harvest energy under severe weather conditions such as rain, snow, and hail. CT mutual inductance technology suffers from core saturation and power supply dead zones, and is only applicable to AC transmission lines, failing to meet the growing demand for new ultra-high voltage DC transmission lines. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technology that can achieve continuous and stable energy harvesting even under severe weather and specific transmission conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for transmission lines to address the problem that existing transmission line environmental energy harvesting technologies are limited by severe weather and specific transmission conditions, thus failing to achieve continuous and stable power supply.

[0005] A multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for transmission lines, comprising:

[0006] The vibration energy harvester is a vibration-type electromagnetic generator. The vibration energy harvester adopts an initial position center offset design. The vibration energy harvester is used to collect the vibration energy of the transmission line and convert it into electrical energy for output to other power consumption components.

[0007] The vibration sensor, which is a triboelectric vibration sensor, adopts a quasi-zero stiffness structure design and is used to convert vibration energy into a voltage signal output.

[0008] The circuit module is used to manage electrical energy. The circuit module is also used to receive the voltage signal and multi-parameter signal, and send the voltage signal and multi-parameter signal to the data early warning center.

[0009] The enclosure is used to mount vibration energy harvesters, vibration sensors, and circuit modules, and can be fixed to power lines or spacers.

[0010] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0011] 1. This invention realizes the harvesting of vibration energy of transmission lines and the self-powered sensing and early warning of multiple parameters: For the wind-induced vibration scenario of transmission lines, the device can simultaneously realize the harvesting of vibration energy of transmission lines and the self-powered sensing of multiple parameters such as temperature, humidity and vibration status, thereby avoiding the problem of not being able to achieve continuous and stable power supply due to severe weather and specific transmission conditions. Furthermore, the device can realize status early warning through system integration, which can further promote the construction of intelligent inspection network for transmission lines.

[0012] 2. This invention expands the amplitude response range of the transmission line vibration energy harvesting device: the quasi-zero stiffness structure and center misalignment design improve the system's output performance under low vibration amplitude, thereby expanding its vibration amplitude response range. The system can achieve micro-amplitude vibration energy harvesting and vibration status monitoring over a wide frequency range, completely covering the micro-wind vibration range of transmission lines.

[0013] 3. This invention employs a self-powered hardware circuit to provide a coordinated energy supply for low-power, self-powered sensing: the hardware circuit, composed of a power management unit and a microcontroller unit, coordinates a vibration generator for energy harvesting, while vibration sensors and temperature and humidity sensors are used for self-powered sensing. Furthermore, the low-power circuit design further enhances the system's engineering application value.

[0014] 4. This invention employs a split-type encapsulation structure, allowing for flexible application to transmission lines and spacers: the system can flexibly achieve vibration energy collection and condition monitoring of transmission lines and multi-split spacers. It effectively ensures accurate condition monitoring and intelligent analysis during transmission line inspections in environments with steep terrain, difficult power extraction, and challenging fault diagnosis. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for transmission lines proposed in this invention;

[0016] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the vibration energy harvester at different positions during operation in one embodiment;

[0017] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the vibration sensor at different positions during operation in one embodiment;

[0018] Figure 4 shows the force variation of the quasi-zero stiffness force in the vibration sensor.

[0019] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure in one embodiment where the vibration energy harvester is installed inside the encapsulation shell;

[0020] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed block on the upper surface of the vibration display in one embodiment;

[0021] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed block on the lower surface of the vibration display in one embodiment;

[0022] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the generator housing and the linear guide rail in one embodiment;

[0023] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a vibration energy harvester with three oscillator magnets in one embodiment;

[0024] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a vibration energy harvester with two oscillator magnets in one embodiment;

[0025] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vibration sensor in one embodiment;

[0026] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cover showing the upper surface in one embodiment;

[0027] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the upper cover showing the lower surface in one embodiment;

[0028] Figure 14 is a structural schematic diagram of the base showing the upper surface in one embodiment;

[0029] Figure 15 is a structural schematic diagram of the base showing the lower surface in one embodiment;

[0030] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the oscillator plate on the upper surface in one embodiment;

[0031] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vibrator plate showing the lower surface in one embodiment;

[0032] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the fixed cover in one embodiment;

[0033] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the power supply monitoring device after removing one half of the protective shell in one embodiment;

[0034] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of one half of the modules in the dual-module design of the self-powered monitoring device in one embodiment;

[0035] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a self-powered monitoring device with a split sensing unit in one embodiment.

[0036] In the figure: vibration sensor 100; upper magnet 110, lower magnet 120, middle magnet 130, triboelectric generator unit 140, compression spring 150, upper cover 160, base 170, vibrator plate 180, fixing cover 190;

[0037] Conductive layer 141, friction layer one 142, friction layer two 143, upper magnet groove 161, spring groove one 162, power generation unit mounting surface one 163, spring groove two 171, power generation unit mounting surface 172, support wall 173, lower magnet groove 174, middle magnet groove 181, spring groove three 182, power generation unit mounting surface three 183, spring through hole 191, power generation unit mounting surface four 192;

[0038] Vibration energy harvester 200; coil 210, oscillator magnet 220, generator housing 230, vibration fixing block 240, suspension spring 250, linear guide rail 260, slider 270;

[0039] Spring groove 241, magnet groove 242, spring mounting hole 243;

[0040] Circuit module 300, package housing 400, transmission line 500, split-type sensing unit 600;

[0041] Semi-protective shell 410, semi-mounting base shaft 420, semi-rubber shaft 430, protective plate 440. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "installed on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or it may be in a component that is centered on it. When a component is said to be "set on" another component, it can be directly set on the other component or it may also be in a component that is centered on it. When a component is said to be "fixed to" another component, it can be directly fixed to the other component or it may also be in a component that is centered on it.

[0044] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0045] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the specification of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "or / and" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0046] Utilizing vibration energy harvesting technology to collect wind-induced vibration energy and achieve self-powered sensing of transmission lines is a novel solution for monitoring self-powered transmission lines. It is worth noting that the aerobatic vibrations of transmission lines have the longest duration and exhibit characteristics of a wide frequency range and small amplitude. Therefore, the harvesting of aerobatic vibration energy from transmission lines requires improvements in the bandwidth, amplitude response range, and vibration response sensitivity of the device.

[0047] Please refer to Figure 1. This embodiment provides a multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for transmission lines, which includes a vibration energy harvester 200, a vibration sensor 100, a circuit module 300, a housing 400, and an active sensor (in this case, an active sensor means a sensor that requires an external power supply, and a passive sensor means a sensor that does not require an external power supply. For ease of description, the following descriptions will use active and passive). The vibration energy harvester 200 is a vibration-type electromagnetic generator. It adopts an initial position center misalignment design combined with electromagnetic power generation technology to improve the output performance under micro-amplitude vibration conditions. The vibration energy harvester 200 includes a coil 210 and an oscillator magnet 220. As shown in Figure 2, the axial direction of the oscillator magnet 220 is parallel to the axial direction of the coil 210, and ensures that in the initial position (i.e., the position shown in the upper left corner of Figure 2), the center position of the oscillator magnet 220 is aligned with the outer boundary of the coil 210. Simultaneously, the movement direction of the oscillator magnet 220 needs to be along the radial direction of the coil 210 (in Figure 2, the axes of several coils 210 are oriented left and right, and the movement direction of the oscillator magnet 220 is up and down). Compared with the traditional center-aligned design, the output signal of the misaligned coil 210 is greatly improved under low-amplitude vibration. This is because the magnetic induction lines of the magnet are less dense the farther away from the center of the magnet. Therefore, under low-amplitude vibration, the change in the magnetic induction lines in the misaligned coil 210 is greater than the change in the center-aligned structure. The vibration energy harvester 200 is used to collect the vibration energy of the transmission line and convert it into electrical energy for output to other power consumption components. The vibration sensor 100 is a triboelectric vibration sensor 100, which is a passive vibration sensor 100, and adopts a quasi-zero stiffness structure design combined with a vertical contact separation triboelectric nano-power generation mode to improve the sensing amplitude sensitivity. As shown in Figure 3, the triboelectric vibration sensor 100 includes an upper magnet 110, a lower magnet 120, a middle magnet 130, a compression spring 150, and a triboelectric power generation unit 140. The upper magnet 110, lower magnet 120, and middle magnet 130 are coaxially arranged. The upper magnet 110 and lower magnet 120 are fixed, serving as fixed ends. The middle magnet 130 is suspended between the upper and lower magnets 120, serving as a movable end. Compression springs 150 are installed above and below the middle magnet 130 to allow it to vibrate in mid-air, providing positive stiffness. As shown in Figure 4, the compression restoring force KS of the compression springs 150 and the repulsive force KM of the magnets constitute a quasi-zero stiffness force KQZS, enabling the middle magnet 130 to achieve a highly sensitive vibration response with near-zero stiffness within a certain range above and below its equilibrium position. Simultaneously, a triboelectric power generation unit 140 is installed on the opposing surfaces of the upper magnet 110 and the middle magnet 130, and on the surfaces of the middle magnet 130 and the lower magnet 120. By connecting the triboelectric generator unit 140 to an external load, vibration energy is converted into electrical energy output, and the output voltage signal can reflect the vibration frequency and amplitude.Depending on the specific monitoring requirements, appropriate active sensors are selected and either installed inside the enclosure 400 or externally. These active sensors are connected to the circuit module 300 to provide power and transmit the multi-parameter signals generated by the sensors. The circuit module 300 includes an energy management circuit, a microcontroller, a low-power control switch, and a wireless transmitter. The energy management circuit includes an AC / DC conversion circuit and an energy storage unit to manage and store the electrical energy of the components. To reduce the overall power consumption of the self-powered monitoring device, a low-power control switch is used to control the on / off state of the active sensors, reducing their power consumption during operational breaks. Simultaneously, the microcontroller employs a sleep mode to further reduce power consumption. In sleep mode, the microcontroller operates periodically, transmitting sensor information (i.e., electrical energy and voltage signals generated by the triboelectric vibration sensor 100, and multi-parameter signals from the active sensors) via the wireless transmitter. This sensor information is received, processed, and analyzed by the wireless receiver at the data early warning center to achieve online monitoring and early warning of the transmission line status. With the above settings, the multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device in this embodiment can still generate electricity stably under micro-amplitude and wide-frequency vibration conditions, reducing the impact of severe weather and specific transmission conditions on power generation.

[0048] Regarding the vibration energy harvester 200, in one embodiment, at least two coils 210 may be arranged on one side of the oscillator magnet 220 at the same position along the moving direction of the oscillator magnet 220. The multiple coils 210 are all parallel to the oscillator magnet 220 to improve the power generation performance. In another embodiment, further, coils 210 may be symmetrically arranged on both sides of the same oscillator magnet 220 to improve the power generation performance. Furthermore, multiple coils 210 may also be arranged in a direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the oscillator magnet 220. The centers of the multiple oscillator magnets 220 are located on the same straight line, and the multiple coils 210配套 with the multiple oscillator magnets 220 are connected in series or in parallel to convert the vibration energy into electrical energy for output, so as to further improve the power generation performance. In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, on the basis of the above embodiment, the vibration energy harvester 200 further includes a generator housing 230, a vibration fixing block 240, a suspension spring 250, a linear guide 260 and a slider 270. The generator housing 230 has a hollow design for the oscillator magnet 220 to vibrate in suspension inside and accommodate components such as the vibration fixing block 240, the suspension spring 250 and the coil 210. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, which are the upper and lower surfaces of the vibration fixing block 240 respectively, the vibration fixing block 240 is provided with a magnet groove 242, a spring groove 241 and a spring mounting hole 243 communicating with the spring groove 241. The magnet groove 242 is used to mount the oscillator magnet 220. One end of the suspension spring 250 is fixed to the inner wall of the generator housing 230, and the other end passes through the spring groove 241 and is installed in the spring mounting hole 243, so that the vibration fixing block 240 is suspended inside the generator housing 230. The spring groove 241 is to leave space for the suspension spring 250 to prevent the suspension spring 250 from still interfering with the continuous upward movement of the vibration fixing block 240 after contracting to the limit when the vibration fixing block 240 moves upward. As shown in FIG. 8, the linear guide 260 is fixed to the inner wall of the generator housing 230 along the moving direction of the oscillator magnet 220. The vibration fixing block 240 is fixedly connected to the slider 270 and is slidably connected to the linear guide 260 through the slider 270 to ensure that the vibration fixing block 240 does not deflect during the vertical vibration process. In some embodiments, the internal structure of the vibration energy harvester 200 may be as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. Among them, the number of oscillator magnets 220 in FIG. 9 is set to 3, and the number of symmetrically installed coils 210 is set to 6; the number of oscillator magnets 220 in FIG. 10 is set to 2, and the number of symmetrically installed coils 210 is set to 4.

[0049] Regarding the vibration sensor 100, in one embodiment, the vibration sensor 100 further includes an upper cover 160, a base 170, and a vibrator plate 180, based on the above embodiments. As shown in FIG11, the upper magnet 110 is installed at the center of the outer surface of the upper cover 160. The lower magnet 120 is installed at the center of the outer surface of the base 170. The middle magnet 130 is fixedly installed at the center of the upper surface of the vibrator plate 180. For fixing the middle magnet 130, an additional fixing cover 190 can be provided. The fixing cover 190 is bonded to the vibrator plate 180 to clamp the middle magnet 130 in the middle for fixation, preventing it from falling off the vibrator plate 180. Optionally, the upper magnet 110, lower magnet 120, and middle magnet 130 can be any of the following shapes: circular magnet, square magnet, or irregularly shaped magnet. To ensure that the repulsive forces on the middle magnet 130 are basically consistent, the upper magnet 110 and the lower magnet 120 should be the same size, while the size of the middle magnet 130 is not limited and can be selected in conjunction with the mass of the spring damping system formed by the oscillator. Multiple compression springs 150 are symmetrically installed at the upper and lower positions of the oscillator plate 180 and are compressed and limited by the upper cover 160 and the base 170. The triboelectric power generation unit 140 adopts a vertical contact-separation mode triboelectric nanogenerator structure. Two sets of triboelectric power generation units 140 are respectively installed between the upper cover 160 and the oscillator plate 180 and between the base 170 and the oscillator plate 180, and connected to form a circuit through an external load.

[0050] Furthermore, in another embodiment, an upper magnet groove 161 can be formed at the center of the outer surface of the upper cover 160, as shown in Figure 12, for mounting the upper magnet 110. Four spring grooves 162 are formed at the four corners of the inner surface of the upper cover 160, as shown in Figure 13, for mounting compression springs 150. The center of the inner surface of the upper cover 160 is set as the mounting surface 163 for the power generation unit, for mounting the triboelectric power generation unit 140. Additionally, four spring grooves 171 are formed at the four corners of the inner surface of the base 170 for mounting compression springs 150. The center of the inner surface of the base 170 is set as the mounting surface 172 for the power generation unit, for mounting the triboelectric power generation unit 140. A U-shaped support wall 173 is provided around the base 170 for mounting the upper cover 160, as shown in Figure 14, thus leaving a central vibration space. A lower magnet groove 174 is formed at the center of the outer surface of the base 170, as shown in Figure 15, for mounting the lower magnet 120. A central magnet groove 181 can be provided at the center of the upper surface of the vibrator plate 180, as shown in Figure 16, for installing the central magnet 130. Four spring grooves 182 are provided at the four corners of the lower surface of the vibrator plate 180, as shown in Figure 17, for installing compression springs 150. The center of the lower surface of the vibrator plate 180 is set as the third mounting surface 183 for installing the triboelectric generator unit 140. Four spring through holes 191 are provided at the four corners of the fixing cover 190, as shown in Figure 18, for clearance when installing the compression springs 150. The center of the upper surface of the fixing cover 190 is set as the fourth mounting surface 192 for installing the generator unit. If the fixing cover 190 is not provided, the upper surface of the vibrator plate 180 is set as the fourth mounting surface 192 for installing the triboelectric generator unit 140. In this embodiment, the triboelectric generator unit 140 includes a conductive layer 141, a first friction layer 142, and a second friction layer 143. Two sets of conductive layers 141 are respectively installed on the power generation unit mounting surface 163 and the power generation unit mounting surface 172. A friction layer 142 is covered on each conductive layer 141. Two sets of friction layers 143 are respectively installed on the power generation unit mounting surface 183 and the power generation unit mounting surface 192. The two sets of conductive layers 141 are connected through an external load; when vibration occurs, friction layers 142 and 143 come into contact and become charged, causing the conductive layers 141 to generate an induced charging effect, thereby forming a load current in the external circuit. Furthermore, regarding the power generation materials of the triboelectric power generation unit 140, the materials of the same pair of friction layers constituting one triboelectric power generation unit 140 are polymer materials with triboelectric charging effect and different polarities. For example, nylon, Kapton (polyimide) film, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) film, etc., can be selected. The conductive layer 141 material is a conductive metal material, such as copper or aluminum. Furthermore, the greater the difference in polarity between a pair of friction materials or between the friction material and the conductive friction material, the better the power generation effect.

[0051] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 19, the vibration sensor 100, vibration energy harvester 200, and circuit module 300 can be stacked sequentially within the encapsulation housing 400 to improve integration. Alternatively, the vibration sensor 100, vibration energy harvester 200, and circuit module 300 can be stacked sequentially to form a module. Two sets of modules can be symmetrically installed within an encapsulation housing 400 to improve energy harvesting efficiency. The sensing data from both modules are averaged to improve sensing accuracy, while maintaining the overall mass balance of the device and reducing the risk of tipping over. Considering the harsh external environment of power transmission lines, the encapsulation design improves the reliability and safety of the device in natural environments. The dual-module symmetrically designed encapsulation housing 400 is integrated into a fully enclosed housing, increasing the ease of installation on power transmission lines to meet the engineering application requirements in harsh environments. In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 20, the encapsulation housing 400 includes two semi-protective shells 410, two semi-mounting base shafts 420, two semi-rubber shafts 430, and two protective plates 440. Each of the two semi-protective shells 410 contains a separate module, which can be assembled into a complete protective shell. A semi-mounting base shaft 420 is bolted to the center of the semi-protective shell 410, and the two semi-mounting base shafts 420 can form a complete mounting base shaft. A semi-rubber shaft 430 is fixed to the inner end of the semi-mounting base shaft 420, and the two semi-rubber shafts 430 can form a complete rubber shaft. When the two semi-protective shells 410 are closed, the rubber shaft enhances the stability of the mounting base shaft on the transmission line. The protective plate 440 is bolted to the opening of the semi-protective shell 410 to enhance the sealing of the internal components. Furthermore, the semi-protective shells 410, semi-mounting base shafts 420, and protective plate 440 can all be made of metal, thus forming a fully enclosed electromagnetic shield to prevent electric fields, magnetic fields, and various interferences in the transmission line.

[0052] Transmission lines and split spacers are important components of power systems. Spacers are installed between split transmission lines and vibrate synchronously with them to prevent collisions or entanglement during transmission line vibration. Therefore, monitoring their condition not only extends the service life of the spacers but also ensures the stable operation of the power system. Thus, in one embodiment, as shown in Figure 21, the self-powered monitoring device includes a main unit, a transmission line 500, and a split-type sensing unit 600. The main unit is the unit composed of the encapsulation shell 400 and its internal electrical components as described in the above embodiment. The split-type sensing unit 600 is equipped with active sensors for temperature, humidity, current, and light, or other passive sensors. The transmission line 500 connects the sensors inside the split-type sensing unit 600 to the internal circuitry of the circuit module 300. The fixing method of the split-type sensing unit 600 can be the same as that of the main unit or other fixing structures. The main unit and the split-type sensing unit 600 are arranged independently and flexibly, enabling condition monitoring at different locations on transmission lines and spacers, thereby enhancing the value of engineering applications.

[0053] In summary, the multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for transmission lines provided by this invention, targeting the characteristics of micro-wind vibration in transmission lines, utilizes a vibration energy harvester 200 to collect the vibration energy of the transmission line and stores it in the power management circuit, thereby powering the microcontroller and active sensors. The passive vibration sensor 100 is a triboelectric vibration sensor 100 with a large amplitude response range, used to sense the vibration of the transmission line and autonomously outputting a sensing signal to the microcontroller. To reduce the overall power consumption of the self-powered monitoring device, a low-power control switch is used to control the on / off state of the active sensors, reducing power consumption during working intervals. Simultaneously, the microcontroller employs a sleep mode to further reduce power consumption. In sleep mode, the microcontroller operates periodically, transmitting sensor information via a wireless transmitter, receiving it via a wireless receiver, and processing and analyzing it at the data early warning center to achieve online monitoring and early warning of the transmission line status.

[0054] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0055] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device for power transmission lines, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a kind of power generation device for power transmission line, including: Vibration energy harvester (200), which is a vibration type electromagnetic generator, the vibration energy harvester (200) adopts initial position center misalignment design, the vibration energy harvester (200) is used to collect the vibration energy of power transmission line, and is converted into electric energy for output to be used by other power consumption elements; Vibration sensor (100), which is a triboelectric vibration sensor (100), the vibration sensor (100) adopts quasi-zero stiffness structure design, the vibration sensor (100) is used to convert vibration energy into voltage signal output; Circuit module (300) for managing the electric energy, the circuit module (300) is also used to receive the voltage signal and multi-parameter signal, and send the voltage signal and multi-parameter signal to data early warning center; Encapsulation shell (400) for installing vibration energy harvester (200), vibration sensor (100) and circuit module (300), and encapsulation shell (400) can be fixed on power transmission line or spacer.

2. The multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device of electric transmission lines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration energy harvester (200) includes a vibrator magnet (220) and a coil (210), the axis direction of the vibrator magnet (220) and the axis direction of the coil (210) are arranged in parallel, the moving direction of the vibrator magnet (220) is the radial direction of the coil (210), and the center position of the vibrator magnet (220) is aligned with the outer boundary of the coil (210) at the initial position.

3. The multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device of electric transmission lines according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vibrator magnet (220) is provided with at least two in the direction perpendicular to the moving direction, and the coil (210) is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the same vibrator magnet (220).

4. The power line multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vibration energy harvester (200) further includes a generator shell (230), a vibration fixing block (240) and a suspension spring (250), the vibration fixing block (240), the suspension spring (250), the vibrator magnet (220) and the coil (210) are all arranged in the generator shell (230); The vibration fixing block (240) is provided with a magnet slot (242), a spring slot (241) and a spring mounting hole (243) communicated with the spring slot (241), the magnet slot (242) is used for mounting the vibrator magnet (220), one end of the suspension spring (250) is connected with the inner wall of the generator shell (230), and the other end is connected with the spring mounting hole (243) through the spring slot (241); The suspension spring (250) is used for suspending the vibration fixing block (240) in the generator shell (230).

5. The multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device of electric transmission lines according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner wall of the generator shell (230) is provided with a linear guide rail (260) in the moving direction of the vibrator magnet (220), the linear guide rail (260) is slidably connected with a sliding block (270), the sliding block (270) is connected with the vibration fixing block (240), for limiting the vibration direction of the vibration fixing block (240), so that it will not be deflected.

6. The power line multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device of claim 1, wherein, The vibration sensor (100) comprises an upper magnet (110), a lower magnet (120), a middle magnet (130), a compression spring (150) and a friction power generation unit (140); the upper magnet (110), the lower magnet (120) and the middle magnet (130) are coaxially arranged; wherein the upper magnet (110) and the lower magnet (120) are fixed ends, and the middle magnet (130) is a moving end; the compression spring (150) is used for suspending the middle magnet (130) between the upper magnet (110) and the lower magnet (120) to provide positive stiffness, and the upper magnet (110) and the middle magnet (130) and the middle magnet (130) and the lower magnet (120) are arranged with the same polarity to provide negative stiffness, and the positive stiffness and the negative stiffness constitute quasi-zero stiffness, which is used for realizing high sensitivity vibration response of the middle magnet (130); the friction power generation unit (140) is a vertical contact-separation mode friction nano power generator structure, which is arranged between the upper magnet (110) and the middle magnet (130) and between the middle magnet (130) and the lower magnet (120), and forms a loop through an external load connection, and is used for converting vibration of the middle magnet (130) into a voltage signal.

7. The multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device of electric transmission lines according to claim 6, characterized in that, The vibration sensor (100) further comprises an upper cover (160), a base (170) and a vibrator plate (180); the upper cover (160) is connected to the top of the base (170), and the two form a shell as a whole; the upper magnet (110) is installed at the center position of the upper cover (160), the lower magnet (120) is installed at the center position of the base (170), and the middle magnet (130) is installed at the center position of the vibrator plate (180); a plurality of compression springs (150) are symmetrically installed on both sides of the vibrator plate (180), and one ends of the plurality of compression springs (150) away from the vibrator plate (180) are connected with the upper cover (160) or the base (170).

8. The multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device of electric transmission lines according to claim 7, characterized in that, A middle groove for installing the middle magnet (130) is formed at the center position of the vibrator plate (180), and spring grooves three (182) for installing the compression springs (150) are formed at the four corner positions on both sides of the vibrator plate (180).

9. The multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device of electric transmission lines according to claim 7, characterized in that, The friction power generation unit (140) comprises a conductive layer (141), a friction layer one (142) and a friction layer two (143); the conductive layer (141) is covered on the inner side wall of the upper cover (160) and the base (170) and connected with an external load; the friction layer one (142) is covered on the conductive layer (141); and the friction layer two (143) is covered on both sides of the vibrator plate (180); the friction layer one (142) and the friction layer two (143) are used for generating electricity between them when vibration occurs.

10. The power line multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device of claim 1, wherein, Two sets of vibration sensors (100), vibration energy traps (200) and circuit modules (300) are arranged in the packaging shell (400), and are symmetrically distributed along the symmetry line of the packaging shell (400).

11. The multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device of electric transmission lines according to claim 10, characterized in that, The packaging shell (400) comprises two half protective shells (410) and two half mounting base shafts (420); the vibration sensor (100), the vibration energy harvester (200) and the circuit module (300) are arranged in each of the two half protective shells (410), and the two half protective shells (410) can form a complete protective shell, and the two half mounting base shafts (420) can form a complete mounting base shaft, the mounting base shaft is connected to the central axis position of the protective shell, and the half mounting base shaft (420) is used for clamping and fixing the power transmission line.

12. The multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device of electric transmission lines according to claim 11, characterized in that, The packaging shell (400) further comprises a rubber shaft arranged in the half mounting base shaft (420) and used for enhancing the stability of the half mounting base shaft (420) fixed on the power transmission line.

13. The multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device of electric transmission lines according to claim 12, characterized in that, The packaging shell (400) further comprises a protective plate (440) arranged at the opening of the half protective shell (410) and used for enhancing the sealing property of the internal devices of the half protective shell (410).

14. The transmission line multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device of claim 1, wherein, The self-powered monitoring device further comprises an external power supply required sensor used for receiving environmental information and generating a multi-parameter signal, the external power supply required sensor is arranged in the packaging shell (400) and connected with the circuit module (300).

15. The transmission line multi-parameter self-powered monitoring device of claim 1, wherein, The self-powered monitoring device further comprises a transmission line (500) and a split type sensor unit (600), the transmission line (500) is used for connecting the circuit module (300) and the split type sensor unit (600) to supply power to the split type sensor unit (600); and the split type sensor unit (600) can be arranged on the spacer, and the split type sensor unit comprises a plurality of external power supply required sensors.

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