Multi-component coating compositions

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a multi-component coating composition comprising (i) a first component and (ii) a second component. Furthermore, the present disclosure discloses a substrate comprising a coating formed from the multi-component coating composition and a method of coating a substrate comprising applying the multi-component coating composition over a portion of a surface of the substrate. The present disclosure further refers to an article comprising said substrate.

Description

[0001] Multi-component coating compositions

[0002] FIELD

[0003] The present disclosure relates to a multi-component coating composition comprising (i) a first component and (ii) a second component. Furthermore, the present disclosure discloses a substrate comprising a coating formed from the multi-component coating composition and a method of coating a substrate comprising said multi-component coating composition over a portion of a surface of the substrate. The present disclosure further refers to an article comprising said substrate.

[0004] BACKGROUND

[0005] Tanks and vessels such as pressure vessels, storage tanks or process tanks are exposed to a variety of corrosive influences over time. In pressure vessels, for example, rapid decompression cycles from 50 bar at 120 to 150°C to near 0 bar can cause potential defects in the coating, which can eventually lead to corrosion. Thus, it is desirable to provide a coating composition which provides a coating having the necessary properties and resistance for the environment of such tanks.

[0006] It is desirable for the coating to provide specific resistance to crude oil, brine, and produced gasses, such as H2S, CO2, methane or ethane. It is further desirable to provide a coating having chemical resistance to various chemicals, such as solvents, acid solutions or caustic solutions.

[0007] Moreover, it is desirable to provide a coating composition that can be applied all year around with, e.g., airless spray equipment, while providing cured coatings in a short amount of time. To provide such flexibility, it is desirable to provide a coating composition having a good pot life, while still providing a good curing time. Thus, it is desirable to provide a coating composition which can balance pot life and drying time having suitable viscosity.

[0008] SUMMARY

[0009] The present disclosure relates to a multi-component coating composition such as a two- component (2K) coating composition comprising: (i) a first component comprising an epoxy resin; and (ii) a second component comprising (ii-a) a first crosslinking agent suitable for crosslinking the epoxy resin, wherein the first crosslinking agent comprises an aliphatic polyamine, a cycloaliphatic polyamine, an araliphatic polyamine or an amino silane; and (ii-b) a second crosslinking agent suitable for crosslinking the epoxy resin, wherein the second crosslinking agent comprises an aliphatic polyamine, a cycloaliphatic polyamine, an araliphatic polyamine or an amino silane; wherein the multi-component coating composition comprises a non-reactive diluent in an amount of from 3 to 15 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition; and wherein the multi-component coating composition is solvent-free.

[0010] The present disclosure further relates to a substrate comprising a coating formed from said multi-component coating composition on a portion of a surface of the substrate.

[0011] The present disclosure also relates to an article comprising said substrate.

[0012] Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a method of coating a substrate comprising applying said multi-component coating composition over a portion of a surface of the substrate.

[0013] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] For purposes of the following detailed description, it is to be understood that the disclosure may assume various alternative variations and step sequences, except where expressly specified to the contrary. Moreover, other than in any operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing, for example, quantities of ingredients used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about”. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties to be obtained by the present disclosure. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

[0015] Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the disclosure are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard variation found in their respective testing measurements.

[0016] Also, it should be understood that any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges subsumed therein. For example, a range of “1 to 10” is intended to include all sub-ranges between (and including) the recited minimum value of 1 and the recited maximum value of 10, that is, having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1 and a maximum value of equal to or less than 10. In the present disclosure, the use of the singular includes the plural and plural encompasses singular, unless specifically stated otherwise. Further, in this application, the use of “a” or “an” means “at least one” unless specifically stated otherwise. For example, “a” polymer, “a” crosslinker, and the like refer to one or more of any of these items.

[0017] As used herein, the transitional term “comprising” (and other comparable terms, e.g., “containing” and “including”) is “open-ended” and open to the inclusion of unspecified matter. Although described in terms of “comprising”, the terms “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of’ are also within the scope of the disclosure.

[0018] As used herein, the term “including” and like terms means “including but not limited to”. Similarly, as used herein, the terms "on", "applied on / over", "formed on / over", "deposited on / over", "overlay" and "provided on / over" mean formed, overlay, deposited, or provided on but not necessarily in contact with the surface. For example, a coating layer "formed over" a substrate does not preclude the presence of one or more other coating layers of the same or different composition located between the formed coating layer and the substrate.

[0019] As used herein, “Mw” refers to the weight average molecular weight, for example the theoretical value as determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography using Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer (Rl detector) and polystyrene standards, tetra hydrofuran (THF) used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml min-1, and two PL Gel Mixed C columns used for separation. As used herein, “polymer” refers to a molecule comprising chemically bonded repeating or monomeric units and may include oligomers, homopolymers, and copolymers.

[0020] The present disclosure relates to a multi-component coating composition, such as a two- component (2K) coating composition. The multi-component coating composition comprises (i) a first component comprising an epoxy resin; and (ii) a second component comprising (ii-a) a first crosslinking agent suitable for crosslinking the epoxy resin, and (ii- b) a second crosslinking agent suitable for crosslinking the epoxy resin. The first crosslinking agent (ii-a) agent comprises an aliphatic polyamine, a cycloaliphatic polyamine, an araliphatic polyamine or an amino silane. The second crosslinking agent (ii-b) comprises an aliphatic polyamine, a cycloaliphatic polyamine, an araliphatic polyamine or an amino silane. The first crosslinking agent (ii-a) may be different from the second crosslinking agent (ii-b). The multi-component coating composition of the present disclosure further comprises a non-reactive diluent in an amount of from 3 to 15 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition. According to the present disclosure, the multi-component coating composition is solvent-free.

[0021] As used herein, the term “multi-component”, “two-component” or “2K” refers to a composition in which a portion of the reactive components readily associate to form an interaction or react to form a bond (physically or chemically), i.e. , cure, without activation from an external energy source, such as at ambient or slightly thermal conditions, when mixed. One of skill in the art understands that the at least two components of the multicomponent coating composition are stored separately from each other and mixed just prior to application of the composition. When the multi component coating composition includes only two components and does not include additional components, it is a two- component (2K) coating composition. Multi-component coating compositions, including two-component (2K) coating compositions, may optionally be heated or baked.

[0022] As used herein, the term “cure” or “curing” means that the components that form the composition are crosslinked to form a coating. In the case of a multi-component coating composition, such as a 2K coating composition, the composition begins to cure when the components of the composition are mixed resulting in the reaction of the reactive functional groups of the components of the composition.

[0023] As used herein, the term “solvent-free” means no solvent is present in the multicomponent coating composition. It should be understood, however, that trace amounts of solvent can be present in the multi-component coating composition, such as in amounts of up to 0.5 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition, such as 0.2 wt.-% or 0.1 wt.-%. In particular, the amounts of solvent present in the multicomponent coating composition can be 0 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the multicomponent coating composition. The term "solvent" refers to a non-aqueous solvent, such as an organic solvent. As used herein, the solvent may have a boiling point of up to 250 °C at atmospheric pressure (101 ,325 Pa). In addition, the solvent may be a non- resinous compound having a vapor pressure of 3 Pa or greater at 20 °C.

[0024] The multi-component coating composition may be substantially free of water, i.e., the multi-component coating composition may comprise less than 5.0 wt.- percent, such as less than 3.0 wt.- percent, such as less than 2.0 wt.- percent, such as less than 1.0 wt.- percent of water, based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition. The multi-component coating composition may be essentially free of water, i.e., the multicomponent coating composition may comprise less than 0.5 wt.- percent, such as less than 0.2 wt.- percent, such as less than 0.1 wt.- percent of water, based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition. The multi-component coating composition may be completely free of water, i.e., the multi-component coating composition may comprise 0 wt.- percent of water, based on the total weight of the multicomponent coating composition.

[0025] According to the present disclosure, the first component (i) of the multi-component coating composition, such as the 2K coating composition, comprises an epoxy resin. As used herein an epoxy resin is a polymer with 2 or more epoxy, oxirane and / or glycidyl ether functional groups. Suitable epoxy resins may be prepared by reacting a compound comprising at least one epoxide functionality and a cyclic co-reactant comprising at least two hydroxyl groups. Examples of suitable compounds comprising one epoxide functionality include, but are not limited to, glycidol; epichlorohydrin; glycidol amines and mixtures thereof. As used herein, the terms “epoxy” and “epoxide” are used interchangeably. Examples of suitable cyclic co-reactants comprising at least two hydroxy groups include, but are not limited to, bisphenol A; hydrated bisphenol A; bisphenol F; hydrated bisphenol F; novolac resins such as phenolic novolac, cresol novolac; and mixtures thereof.

[0026] According to the present disclosure, the epoxy resin may comprise bisphenol A epoxy resin, hydrated bisphenol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, hydrated bisphenol F epoxy resin, phenolic novolac epoxy resin, cresol novolac epoxy resin, cardanol-based epoxy resin, and combinations thereof. In particular, the epoxy resin may comprise phenolic novolac epoxy resin, cresol novolac epoxy resin and combinations thereof, such as phenolic novolac epoxy resin.

[0027] Suitable epoxy resins include, but are not limited to, Eponex 1510, Eponex 1513, Epikote Resin 170, Epikote Resin 862, and Epikote Resin 828, commercially available from Westlake Chemical Corporation (USA); Araldite GY 2600, Araldite GY 281, Araldite GY 282, Araldite GY 285, Araldite GY 289 and Araldite EPN 1138, commercially available from Huntsman (USA).

[0028] The first component (i) of the multi-component coating composition may comprise the epoxy resin in an amount of at least 30 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the first component (i), such as at least 35 wt.-%, such as at least 40 wt.-%. The first component (i) of the multi-component coating composition may comprise the epoxy resin in an amount of no more than 100 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the first component (i), such as no more than 70 wt.-%, such as no more than 65 wt.-%, such as no more than 60 wt.-%, such as no more than 55 wt.-%, such as no more than 50 wt.-%. According to the present disclosure, the first component (i) of the multi-component coating composition may comprise the epoxy resin in an amount of from 30 to 100 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the first component (i), such as from 30 to 70 wt.-%, such as from 30 to 60 wt.- %, such as from 35 to 60 wt.-%, such as from 35 to 55 wt.-%.

[0029] According to the present disclosure, the multi-component coating composition such as the 2K coating composition comprises a non-reactive diluent in an amount of from 3 to 15 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition. The multi-component coating composition of the present disclosure may comprise the non- reactive diluent in an amount of from 5 to 15 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multicomponent coating composition, such as from 7 to 15 wt.-%, such as from 7 to 14 wt.-%, such as from 9 to 13 wt.-%. The non-reactive diluent may be present in the first component (i) and / or in the second component (ii), in particular in the second component (iO-

[0030] As used herein, the term "diluent" means a compound that has a viscosity of up to 20,000 mPa s at 23 °C, such as up to 5,000 mPa s at 23 °C. The viscosity may be measured according to ASTM D2196-20 using a Brookfield RV-7 spindle at 100 rpm. As used herein, the term "non-reactive diluent" refers to a diluent which does not react with components of the first component and the second component of the multi-component coating composition. The non-reactive diluent may have a boiling point of at least 270 °C at atmospheric pressure (101 ,325 Pa).

[0031] According to the present disclosure, the non-reactive diluent may comprise a liquid hydrocarbon resin. As used herein, "liquid hydrocarbon resin" means that the resin can flow at room temperature, such as 20 to 25 °C, in particular 23 °C. Other substances, especially solid substances, can be dispersed evenly in the liquid hydrocarbon resin without using a solvent.

[0032] The liquid hydrocarbon resin can comprise coumarone-indene resins; terpene resins; ketone resins; petroleum resins, xylene formaldehyde resins and combinations thereof. In particular, the liquid hydrocarbon resin can comprise petroleum resins, xylene formaldehyde resin, and combinations thereof. The liquid hydrocarbon resin can comprise xylene formaldehyde resin. The liquid hydrocarbons can be non-modified and / or modified with a hydroxyl group. In particular, the liquid hydrocarbon is modified with a hydroxyl functional group.

[0033] As used herein, “petroleum resins” are resins produced from Cs, C9 fractions produced from petroleum cracking through pretreatment, polymerization, distillation, and the like processes. In general, petroleum resins are classified into aliphatic resins based on C5 or dicyclopentadiene, and aromatic resins based on C9 aromatic components, such as vinyl toluene or indene. Non-limiting examples of petroleum resins comprise an aromatic petroleum resin obtained by polymerizing a C9 fraction (e.g. styrene derivatives such as alpha methylstyrene, o, m, p-cresol, indene, methyl indene, cumene, naphthalene or vinyl toluene) obtained from a heavy oil that is produced as a by-product by naphtha cracking; an aliphatic petroleum resin obtained by polymerizing a C5 fraction such as 1 ,3- pentadiene or isoprene, 2-methyl-2-butene, cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene or cyclopentene; a copolymer-based petroleum resin obtained by copolymerizing the C9 fraction and the C5 fraction; an aliphatic petroleum resin wherein a part of a conjugated diene of the C5 fraction such as cyclopentadiene or 1,3-pentadiene is cyclic-polymerized; a resin obtained by hydrogenating the aromatic petroleum resin; and an alicyclic petroleum resin obtained by polymerizing dicyclopentadiene.

[0034] Suitable examples of a non-reactive diluent include, but are not limited to Novares LA 700P, Novares LA 300, Novares LS 500, Rutasolv DI, all commercially available from Rain Carbon Germany GmbH (Germany); Epodil LV5 d, Necires EPXL both commercially available from Neville Chemical Company (USA); Kumanox 3110f, Kumanox 3111 f, Kumanox 3114, all commercially available from Kumho Petrochemical (South Korea); Cardanol NC 700, Cardolite NX 4708, both commercially available from Cardolite Corporation (USA); Hirenol PL 1000, Hirenol PL 500, Hirenol PL 500S, Hirenol PL 2000, all commercially available from Kolon Industries (South Korea); and Nikanol Y-300 commercially available from Fudow Company Limited (Japan).

[0035] The second component (ii) of the multi-component coating composition, such as the 2K coating composition, of the present disclosure comprises a first crosslinking agent (ii-a) suitable for crosslinking the epoxy resin. As used herein, the term “crosslinking” refers to the formation of covalent bonds between polymer chains of the constituent polymer molecules. The terms "crosslinking agent", "curing agent" and "crosslinker" are herein used interchangeably. Curing or crosslinking reactions may be induced, for example, by exposing the coating composition to heat or radiation, but may also be carried out at ambient conditions (such as 20 to 25 °C at atmospheric pressure) to form a cured coating.

[0036] The first crosslinking (ii-a) agent comprises an aliphatic polyamine, a cycloaliphatic polyamine, an araliphatic polyamine or an amino silane. The first crosslinking (ii-a) agent may comprise an aliphatic polyamine or a cycloaliphatic polyamine. In particular, the first crosslinking agent (ii-a) may comprise a cycloaliphatic polyamine. Herein, the term “polyamine” refers to a compound having more than one amine group per molecule, e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or more amine groups per molecule. Suitable aliphatic polyamines include, but are not limited to, ethylenediamine, tetramethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine, 2- methylpentamethylenediamine, tetraethylene pentamine, and pentaethylenehexamine. Suitable cycloaliphatic polyamines include, but are not limited to, isophorone diamine, methyldiaminocyclohexane, 4,4-diaminodicylohexylmethane, 4,4’-methylenebis(2- methylcyclohexyl-amine), diaminocyclohexane, bis(aminomethyl)norbornane, bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, piperazine, and aminoethylpiperazine. Suitable araliphatic polyamines include, but are not limited to, ortho-, meta-, and para-isomers of xylylene diamine and mixtures thereof.

[0037] The first crosslinking agent (ii-a) may comprise a molecular weight (Mw) of at least 60 g / mol, such as at least 80 g / mol, such as at least 110 g / mol. The first crosslinking agent (ii-a) may comprise a molecular weight (Mw) of no more than 500 g / mol, such as no more than 350 g / mol, such as no more than 295 g / mol, such as no more than 260 g / mol, such as no more than 250 g / mol, such as no more than 200 g / mol. According to the present disclosure, the first crosslinking agent (ii-a) may comprise a molecular weight (Mw) of from 60 to 500 g / mol, such as from 60 to 350 g / mol, such as from 80 to 295 g / mol, such as from 80 to 260 g / mol, such as from 80 to 250 g / mol, such as from 110 to 250 g / mol, such as from 110 to 200 g / mol. The molecular weight (Mw) of the first crosslinking agent (ii-a) may be determined by mass spectrometry. Appropriate mass spectrometry methods for various types of small molecules are available in many references, such as Mass Spectrometry: A Textbook (3rd Edition, 2018, edited by Jurgen Gross).

[0038] The first crosslinking agent (ii-a) of the present disclosure may comprise primary amine functional groups. The first crosslinking agent (ii-a) of the present disclosure may not comprise a tertiary amine functional group.

[0039] The second component (ii) of the multi-component coating composition such as the 2K coating composition of the present disclosure comprises a second crosslinking agent (ii- b) suitable for crosslinking the epoxy resin. The second crosslinking (ii-b) agent comprises an aliphatic polyamine, a cycloaliphatic polyamine, an araliphatic polyamine or an amino silane. The second crosslinking (ii-b) agent may comprise an aliphatic polyamine or an araliphatic polyamine. The second crosslinking (ii-b) agent may comprise an aliphatic polyamine. The second crosslinking agent (ii-b) may comprise an araliphatic polyamine. In particular, the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) may comprise an araliphatic polyamine. Suitable aliphatic polyamines include, but are not limited to, ethylenediamine, tetramethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine, 2- methylpentamethylenediamine, tetraethylene pentamine, and pentaethylenehexamine. Suitable cycloaliphatic polyamines include, but are not limited to, isophorone diamine, methyldiaminocyclohexane, 4,4-diaminodicylohexylmethane, 4,4’-methylenebis(2- methylcyclohexyl-amine), diaminocyclohexane, bis(aminomethyl)norbornane, bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, piperazine, and aminoethylpiperazine. Suitable araliphatic polyamines include, but are not limited to, ortho-, meta-, and para-isomers of xylylene diamine and mixtures thereof.

[0040] The second crosslinking agent (ii-b) may comprise a molecular weight (Mw) of at least 60 g / mol, such as at least 80 g / mol, such as at least 110 g / mol. The second crosslinking agent (ii-b) may comprise a molecular weight (Mw) of no more than 500 g / mol, such as no more than 350 g / mol, such as no more than 295 g / mol, such as no more than 260 g / mol, such as no more than 250 g / mol, such as no more than 200 g / mol. According to the present disclosure, the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) may comprise a molecular weight (Mw) of from 60 to 500 g / mol, such as from 60 to 350 g / mol, such as from 80 to 295 g / mol, such as from 80 to 260 g / mol, such as from 80 to 250 g / mol, such as from 110 to 250 g / mol, such as from 110 to 200 g / mol. The molecular weight (Mw) of the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) may be determined by mass spectrometry. Appropriate mass spectrometry methods for various types of small molecules are available in many references, such as Mass Spectrometry: A Textbook (3rd Edition, 2018, edited by Jurgen Gross).

[0041] The second crosslinking agent (ii-b) of the present disclosure may comprise primary amine functional groups. The second crosslinking agent (ii-b) of the present disclosure may not comprise a tertiary amine functional group.

[0042] According to the present disclosure, the first crosslinking agent (ii-a) and the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) may be used in a weight ratio of from 50:50 to 95:5, such as from 55:45 to 90:10, such as 60:40 to 80:20.

[0043] The second component (ii) of the present disclosure may comprises the first crosslinking agent (ii-a) and the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) in an amount of at least 30 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the second component (ii), such as at least 35 wt.-%, such as at least 40 wt.-%. The second component (ii) of the present disclosure may comprise the first crosslinking agent (ii-a) and the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) in an amount of no more than 100 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the second component (ii), such as no more than 95 wt.-%, such as no more than 90 wt.-%, such as no more than 85 wt.-%, such as no more than 80 wt.-%, such as no more than 75 wt.-%. According to the present disclosure, the second component (ii) comprises the first crosslinking agent (ii-a) and the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) in an amount of from 30 to 100 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the second component (ii), such as from 30 to 95 wt.-%, such as from 35 to 95 wt.-%, such as from 40 to 95 wt.-%, such as from 40 to 90 wt.-%.

[0044] The second component (ii) of the multi-component coating composition such as the 2K coating composition of the present disclosure may comprises a third crosslinking agent (ii-c) suitable for crosslinking the epoxy resin. The third crosslinking agent (ii-c) agent may comprise an aliphatic polyamine, a cycloaliphatic polyamine, an araliphatic polyamine or an amino silane. The third crosslinking agent (ii-c) agent may comprise an aliphatic polyamine, a cycloaliphatic polyamine, or an araliphatic polyamine. In particular, the third crosslinking agent (ii-c) may comprise an aliphatic polyamine.

[0045] Suitable aliphatic polyamines include, but are not limited to, ethylenediamine, tetramethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine, 2-methylpentamethylenediamine, tetraethylene pentamine, and pentaethylenehexamine. Suitable cycloaliphatic polyamines include, but are not limited to, isophorone diamine, methyldiaminocyclohexane, 4,4-diaminodicylohexylmethane, 4,4’-methylenebis(2- methylcyclohexyl-amine), diaminocyclohexane, bis(aminomethyl)norbornane, bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, piperazine, and aminoethylpiperazine. Suitable araliphatic polyamines include, but are not limited to, ortho-, meta-, and para-isomers of xylylene diamine and mixtures thereof.

[0046] The third crosslinking agent (ii-c) may comprise a molecular weight (Mw) of at least 60 g / mol, such as at least 80 g / mol, such as at least 110 g / mol. The third crosslinking agent (ii-c) may comprise a molecular weight (Mw) of no more than 500 g / mol, such as no more than 350 g / mol, such as no more than 295 g / mol, such as no more than 260 g / mol, such as no more than 250 g / mol, such as no more than 200 g / mol. According to the present disclosure, the third crosslinking agent (ii-c) may comprise a molecular weight (Mw) of from 60 to 500 g / mol, such as from 60 to 350 g / mol, such as from 80 to 295 g / mol, such as from 80 to 260 g / mol, such as from 80 to 250 g / mol, such as from 110 to 250 g / mol, such as from 110 to 200 g / mol. The molecular weight (Mw) of the first crosslinking agent (ii-c) may be determined by mass spectrometry. Appropriate mass spectrometry methods for various types of small molecules are available in many references, such as Mass Spectrometry: A Textbook (3rd Edition, 2018, edited by Jurgen Gross). The third crosslinking agent (ii-c) of the present disclosure may comprise primary amine functional groups. The third crosslinking agent (ii-c) of the present disclosure may not comprise a tertiary amine functional group.

[0047] The second component (ii) of the present disclosure may comprises the first crosslinking agent (ii-a), the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) and the third crosslinking agent (ii-c) in an amount of at least 30 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the second component (ii), such as at least 35 wt.-%, such as at least 40 wt.-%. The second component (ii) of the present disclosure may comprise first crosslinking agent (ii-a), the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) and the third crosslinking agent (ii-c) in an amount of no more than 100 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the second component (ii), such as no more than 95 wt.-%, such as no more than 90 wt.-%, such as no more than 85 wt.-%, such as no more than 80 wt.-%, such as no more than 75 wt.-%. According to the present disclosure, the second component (ii) comprises the first crosslinking agent (ii-a), the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) and the third crosslinking agent (ii-c) in an amount of from 30 to 100 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the second component (ii), such as from 30 to 95 wt.-%, such as from 35 to 95 wt.-%, such as from 40 to 95 wt.-%, such as from 40 to 90 wt.-%.

[0048] According to the present disclosure, the first component (i) of the multi-component coating composition such as the 2K coating composition may comprise a reactive diluent. As used herein, the term “reactive diluent” refers to a diluent that is used to lower the viscosity of a formulation and that has at least one functional group capable of reacting with a functional group(s) on molecules or compounds in a composition. The reactive diluent can comprise an epoxy functional group.

[0049] The multi-component coating composition of the present disclosure may comprise the reactive diluent in an amount of at least 0.5 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multicomponent coating composition, such as at least 1.0 wt.-%, such as at least 1.5 wt.-%, such as at least 2.0 wt.-%. The multi-component coating composition of the present disclosure may comprise the reactive diluent in an amount of no more than 11.0 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition, such as no more than 8.0 wt.-%, such as no more than 6.0 wt.-%, such as no more than 5.5 wt.-%, such as no more than 5.0 wt.-%. According to the present disclosure, the multi-component coating composition may comprise the reactive diluent in an amount of from 0.5 to 11.0 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition, such as 1.0 to 8.0 wt.-%, such as 1.0 to 6.0 wt.-%, such as from 1.5 to 5.5 wt.-%, such as from 2.0 to 5.0 wt.-%. Reactive diluents comprising an epoxy functional group may be formed from the reaction of a compound comprising an aliphatic epoxide functionality such as diglycidyl ether with an aliphatic alcohol or polyol. Examples of suitable compounds comprising an epoxide functionality may include, but are not limited to, monoglycidyl ether; diglycidyl ether; triglycidyl ether and mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable alcohols and polyols may include, but are not limited to, hexanediol; butanediol; glycerol; trimethylolpropane; trimethylolethane; pentaerythritol; neopentyl glycol and mixtures thereof. In particular, the epoxy reactive diluent may comprise a diglycidyl ether of an aliphatic alcohol. Suitably, the epoxy reactive diluent may comprise a diglycidyl ether of hexanediol and / or a diglycidyl ether of neopentyl glycol.

[0050] Reactive diluents of the present disclosure may comprise phenyl glycidyl ether, alkyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl ester of versatic acid, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, methylphenyl glycidyl ether, ethylphenyl glycidyl ether, propylphenyl glycidyl ether, and glycidyl neodecanoate.

[0051] Suitable examples of reactive diluents include, but are not limited to, Cardolite NC 513, and Cardolite N513 light, both commercially available from Cardolite Corporation (USA); Araldite Dy-E, Araldite DY / C, Araldite DY / D and Araldite PY 4122, all commercially available from Huntsman International LLC (USA).

[0052] According to the present disclosure, the multi-component coating composition such as the 2K coating composition may further comprise an adhesion promoter. As used herein, the term “adhesion promoter” refers to a substance, which promotes adhesion of a coating to a substrate. The adhesion promoter may be included in either component (i) and / or (ii) of the multi-component coating composition. The adhesion promoter of the present disclosure may comprise an epoxy silane, an amino silane, a mercapto silane, an acrylate silane, a titanate, a zirconate, a condensate of salicylic acid and formaldehyde, or a combination thereof.

[0053] Suitable examples of epoxy silanes include, but are not limited to, ((3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3-glycidyloxypropyl)triethoxysilane, and 3-glycidoxypropyldimethoxymethylsilane). Suitable examples of amino silanes include, but are not limited to, (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. Suitable examples of mercapto silanes include, but are not limited to, (3-mercaptopropyl)methyldimethoxysilane, and (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane. Suitable examples of acrylate silanes include, but are not limited to, (3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl acrylate and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate). Suitable examples of titanates include, but are not limited to, monoalkoxy titanate, neoalkoxy titanates, and oxyacetate titanates. Suitable examples of zirconates include, but are not limited to, coordinate zirconate, cycloheteroatom zirconate, and neoalkoxy zirconate.

[0054] The adhesion promoter according to the present disclosure may comprise an epoxy silane, an amino silane or a combination thereof. In particular, the adhesion promoter of the present disclosure may comprise an epoxy silane.

[0055] The multi-component coating composition of the present disclosure may comprise the adhesion promoter in an amount of from 0.5 to 10.0 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition, such as from 0.5 to 8.0 wt.-%, such as from 0.5 to 6.0 wt.-%.

[0056] Suitable examples of adhesion promoters include, but are not limited to, CoatOsil MP200, and Silquest A-187, Silquest A 1120, Silquest A 1102, Silquest A 1102J, all commercially available from Momentive Performance Materials GmbH (Germany); Dynasilan Glymo, Dynasilan 4721 , Dynasilan 1146, Dynasilan 210, Dynasilan 214, Dynasilan260, all commercially available from Evonik Operations GmbH (Germany); Silanil 289, Silanil 1479, and Silanil 533, both commercially available from BRB International B.V.

[0057] (Netherlands); KBM 403, KBM-603 commercially available from Shin-Etsu Silicones, Inc. (USA).

[0058] According to the present disclosure, the multi-component coating composition such as the 2K coating composition may further comprise a wetting agent. As used herein, the term “wetting agent” refers to a substance that increases the spreading and penetrating properties of a liquid by lowering its surface tension.

[0059] The wetting agent may be included in either component (i) and / or (ii) of the multicomponent coating composition. The multi-component coating composition of the present disclosure may comprise the wetting agent in an amount of from 0.02 to 2.0 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition, such as from 0.02 to 1.8 wt.-%, such as from 0.04 to 1.5 wt.-%.

[0060] Suitable examples of wetting agents include, but are not limited to, BYK 3565 commercially available from BYK-Chemie GmbH (Germany); Dynol 960 commercially available from Evonik Operations GmbH (Germany); EFKA FL 3277, EFKA SL 3239, EFKA SL 3236, all commercially available from BASF SE (Germany).

[0061] According to the present disclosure, the multi-component coating composition such as the 2K coating composition may further comprise a defoamer. The defoamer may be included in either component (i) and / or (ii) of the multi-component coating composition. As used herein, the term “defoamer” refers to an additive that reduces and hinders the formation of foam in the fluid coating composition during preparation, handling and use thereof. The terms anti-foam agent and defoamer are often used interchangeably. The multi-component coating composition of the present disclosure may comprise the defoamer in an amount of from 0.02 to 2.0 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multicomponent coating composition, such as from 0.02 to 1.8 wt.-%, such as from 0.04 to 1.5 wt.-%.

[0062] Suitable examples of defoamers include, but are not limited to, EFKA PB 2720, EFKA SI 2008, EFKA SI 2723, EFKA SI 2040, all commercially available from BASF SE (Germany); TEGO Airex 944, TEGO Airex 991, TEGO Airex 900, and TEGO Airex 922, all commercially available from Evonik Operations GmbH (Germany).

[0063] According to the present disclosure, the second component (ii) of the multi-component coating composition such as the 2K coating composition may further comprise an accelerator. As used herein, the term “accelerator” means a substance that increases the rate or decreases the activation energy of a chemical reaction in comparison to the same reaction in the absence of the accelerator. An accelerator may be either a “catalyst,” that is, without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change, or may be reactive, that is, capable of chemical reactions and includes any level of reaction from partial to complete reaction of a reactant.

[0064] The accelerator may comprise a secondary amine, a tertiary amine, a cyclic tertiary amine, an amidines, or combinations thereof. In particular, the accelerator may comprise a tertiary amine.

[0065] The accelerator of the present disclosure may comprise tris(2-aminoethyl)amine, tris(3-aminopropyl)amine, tris[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amine, 2-(dimethylamino)ethylamine, 3-(dimethylamino)-1 -propylamine, tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, 1 ,4-bis(3- aminopropyl)piperazine, N,N,N’,N,-tetrakis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-butanediamine, 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, bis[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenol, diethanolamine, N-methyl diethanolamine, 3-(dimethylamino)propylamine, 3-(diethylamino)propylamine, N-(3-aminopropyl)diethanolamine, 1-[(3-aminopropyl)methylamino]ethanol, 1 ,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea, and combinations thereof. The accelerator of the present disclosure may also comprise Mannich bases, such as a reaction product formed from formaldehyde, phenol and xylylene diamine or dimethyl-1 ,3-propanediamine.

[0066] According to the present disclosure, the multi-component coating composition may comprise the accelerator in an amount of from 0.1 to 15 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition, such as from 0.2 to 10 wt.-%, such as from 0.5 to 10 wt.-%.

[0067] The multi-component coating composition of the present disclosure may comprise an amine hydrogen: epoxy equivalent of at least 0.38:1 , such as at least 0.65:1. The multicomponent coating composition of the present disclosure may comprise an amine hydrogen:epoxy equivalent of no more than 1.1 :1 , such as no more than 1.05: 1 . According to the present disclosure, the multi-component coating composition may comprise an amine hydrogen:epoxy equivalent of from 0.38:1 to 1.1 :1 , such as from 0.65: 1 to 1.1 : 1 , such as from 0.9: 1 to 1.1 : 1

[0068] As used herein, “amine hydrogen” refers to the number of active hydrogens directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of an amine- or another nitrogen-containing functional group. “Active hydrogens” refer to hydrogens that can be displaced when the amine- or nitrogencontaining functional group reacts as a nucleophile with an appropriate electrophile and can be determined, for example, by the Zerewitinoff test. Active hydrogens on all accelerators and crosslinking agents (e.g., first crosslinking agent, second crosslinking agent and optionally third crosslinking agent) can be included in the amine hydrogens of the compositions of the present disclosure.

[0069] The multi-component coating composition of the present disclosure may comprise further additives such as a rheology modifier, a sag control agent, a filler, a pigment or combinations thereof.

[0070] As used herein, a “rheology modifier” refers to a component that adjusts flow behavior of a composition by increasing the viscosity of the composition it is in contact with compared to the same composition which is not in contact with the rheology modifier. Non-limiting examples of rheology modifiers include silica, chemically modified silica (e.g., fumed silica), alumina, chemically modified alumina (e.g. fumed alumina), hectorite clays, such as bentone, a hydrophobically modified ethylene-oxide polymer, a rubber latex such as for example styrene-butadiene rubber particles dispersed in an aqueous liquid medium, cellulose derivatives, polyamide waxes, and combinations thereof. Suitable examples include, but are not limited to RHEOBYK-410, RHEOBYK 415; RHEOBYK 430, and RHEOBYK 431 , commercially available from BYK-Chemie GmbH (Germany), EFKA® RM 1463, commercially available from BASF SE (Germany), and Crayvallac®, commercially available from Biesterfeld AG (Germany), or any combination thereof.

[0071] As used herein, the term “sag control agent” refers to a compound which minimizes sagging, i.e., defects such as tear drops caused by gravity-driven flow of wet coating compositions when applied to a substrate, in particular a substrate comprising a non- horizontal, e.g., a vertical surface, in comparison that of the same wet coating composition not comprising a sag control agent. Non-limiting examples of sag control agents include Crayvallac Ultra and Crayvallac LV, both commercially available from Arkema France (France), Thixatrol ST and Thixatrol Max, both commercially available from Elementis SRL, Inc (USA), Disparlon 6650 from Kusumoto Chemicals Ltd (Japan).

[0072] Non-limiting examples of fillers include BaSCL, glass spheres, Feldspar, calcite, silica, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, dolomite, kaolin, wollastonite, mica, talcum, aluminum flakes, chlorite, nepheline syenite, china clay, and combinations thereof.

[0073] As used herein, the term “pigment” refers to an organic or inorganic material or a combination thereof, that can be a colored material. Examples of suitable pigments include, but are not limited to, carbazole dioxazine pigments, azo pigments, monoazo pigments, disazo pigments, naphthol AS pigments, salt type (lakes) pigments, benzimidazolone pigments, metal complex pigments, isoindolinone pigments, isoindoline pigments, polycyclic phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone pigments, perylene pigments, perinone pigments, diketopyrrolo pyrrole pigments, thioindigo pigments, anthraquinone pigments, indanthrone pigments, anthrapyrimidine pigments, flavanthrone pigments, pyranthrone pigments, anthanthrone pigments, dioxazine pigments, triarylcarbonium pigments, quinophthalone pigments, diketo pyrrolo pyrrole red (“DPPBO red”), titanium dioxide, carbon black and mixtures thereof.

[0074] The first component (i) of the multi-component coating composition of the present disclosure may comprise a viscosity in a range of 8,000 to 15,000 mPa s at 23 °C. The viscosity may be measured according to ASTM D2196-20 using a Brookfield RV spindle 7 at 100 rpm. The second component (ii) of the multi-component coating composition of the present disclosure may comprise a viscosity in a range of 10 to 30 seconds as measured according to DIN 53211 using a 4 mm flow cup at 23 °C. According to the present disclosure, the multi-component coating composition may comprise a viscosity of less than 12.000 mPa s at 23 °C, such as less than 10.000 mPa s. The viscosity may be measured according to ASTM D2196-20 using a Brookfield RV spindle 7 at 100 rpm.

[0075] The multi-component coating composition of the present disclosure may comprise a pot life at 20 °C of more than 70 min, such as more than 80 min, such as more than 100 min, such as more than 110 min, such as more than 120 min. As used herein, the term "potlife" means the time within which the coating composition must be used before the coating composition becomes too viscous (i.e. , reaches the gel point) to be applied due to crosslinking or curing. When the coating composition becomes too viscous, the coating composition may not be able to be applied to the substrate, such as through spray application. The pot life may be the time required for the multi-component coating composition to reach a viscosity of 10,000 mPa s at 20 °C, and at 100 rpm. The viscosity rise can be measured using a Brookfield viscometer (DV-E, RV-7 spindle). For measuring the pot life, the first and second component of the multi-component coating composition is poured into a 120 mL vial. The vial is secured, and the viscometer spindle is lowered into the coating composition. The viscometer is connected to a data logging A / D device and software, from which viscosity curves are generated and can be read from the display.

[0076] The multi-component coating composition of the present disclosure may comprise a curing time at ambient temperature of less than 19 hours, such as less than 18 hours, such less than 16 hours, such as less than 15 hours, 14 hours, such as less than 13 hours, such as less than 12 hours, such as less than 11 hours, such as less than 10 hours. As used herein, the term “ambient temperature” refers to room temperature, such as 23 °C. As used herein, the term "curing time" means the length of time between when a coating is applied to a substrate and when the coating has dried or cured sufficiently that the coated substrate feels dry when touched. The curing time is measured by using a dry time recorder 230V (commercially available from BYK-Chemie GmbH (Germany) at ambient conditions (23 °C, 40 to 60% relative humidity) according to ASTM D5895-20. For measuring the curing time, a glass strip is coated with the multicomponent coating composition directly after mixing using an applicator to achieve a dry film thickness of 150 pm. Next, the coated glass strip is placed on the dry time recorder and a needle is run along the strip for 24 hours, which causes a pattern on the surface of the coating which is analyzed after the drying is finished. The drying is divided into five stages, i.e. , levelling (stage 1), setting (stage 2), tearing (stage 3), cracking (stage 4), and drying through (stage 5). At stage 1 and 2, the coating is soft, causing the needle to slip through the coating. At stage 3, the coating is getting harder, causing the needle to pull on the coating. At stage 4, the coating is hard, so that the needle no longer goes through the coating but on the coating. At stage 5, the coating is hard enough, so that the needle does not leave any traces. The transition from stage 3 to 4 defines the curing time.

[0077] The present disclosure further relates to a substrate comprising a coating formed from the multi-component coating composition such as the two-component (2K) coating composition as defined above on a portion of a surface of the substrate. The substrate over which the protective coating composition can be applied includes a wide range of substrates. For example, the multi-component coating composition can be applied to a pressure vessel substrate, a process tank substrate, a storage tank substrate, and the like. The substrate can comprise a polymer, a composite material, a metal or a metal alloy. In particular the substrate can comprise a metal or a metal alloy.

[0078] Non-limiting examples of polymeric substrates include polyester, polyolefin, polyamide, cellulosic, polystyrene, polyacrylic, poly(ethylene naphthalate), polymethacrylate, polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), polylactic acid (PLA), other “green” polymeric substrates, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polycarbonate, polycarbonate acrylobutadiene styrene (PC / ABS), polyamide. Non-limiting examples of composite material substrates include glass or carbon fiber composites.

[0079] Nonlimiting examples of metal or metal alloy substrates include ferrous metals, aluminum, aluminum alloys, copper, and other metal and alloy substrates. The ferrous metal substrates can include iron, steel, and alloys thereof. Non-limiting examples of useful steel materials include cold rolled steel, galvanized (zinc coated) steel, electrogalvanized steel, stainless steel, pickled steel, zinc-iron alloys, and combinations thereof. Combinations or composites of ferrous and non-ferrous metals can also be used.

[0080] Nonlimiting examples of steel substrates (such as cold rolled steel or any of the steel substrates listed above) include those coated with a weldable, zinc-rich or iron phosphide-rich organic coating. Cold rolled steel can also suitable when pretreated with an appropriate solution known in the art, such as a metal phosphate solution, an aqueous solution containing a Group 111 B or IVB metal, an organophosphate solution, an organophosphonate solution, and combinations thereof, as discussed below. Alloys can be unclad or they can contain a clad layer on a surface, the clad layer consisting of a different aluminum alloy than the base / bulk alloy beneath the clad layer.

[0081] Nonlimiting examples of the shape of the metal substrate include in the form of a sheet, plate, bar, rod or any shape desired, but it in many cases it can be in the form of a tank or vessel part. The thickness of the substrate can vary as desired.

[0082] Further, the substrate can include wood, veneer, wood composite, particle board, medium density fiberboard, cement, stone, glass, paper, cardboard, textiles leather both synthetic and natural, and the like.

[0083] According to the present disclosure, the coating formed from the multi-component coating composition as defined above can comprise a dry film thickness of at least 150 pm, such as at least 200 pm, such as at least 250 pm, such as at least 300 pm, such as of at least 350 pm, such as of at least 400 pm. The coating formed from the multi-component coating composition as defined above can comprise a dry film thickness of no more than 1,200 pm, such as no more than 1,000 pm, such as no more than 900 pm, such as of at least 850 m, such as of at least 800 pm. The coating formed from the multi-component coating composition as defined above can comprise a dry film thickness in a range of 150 to 1,200 pm, such as of 300 to 900 pm, such as of 350 to 850 pm, such as 400 to 800 pm. The thickness can be determined according to DIN EN ISO 2178:2016. As used herein, the “dry film thickness” is the thickness of a coating, which is applied to at least a part of a surface of a substrate, measured above the substrate after the coating is cured.

[0084] The coating formed from the multi-component coating composition as defined above can comprise a Kbnig Hardness after 24 hours of at least 95 seconds, such as of at least 100 seconds. The coating formed from the multi-component coating composition as defined above can comprise a Kbnig Hardness after 24 hours of no more than 125 seconds, such as of no more than 120 seconds, such as of no more than 115 seconds. According to the present disclosure, the coating formed from the multi-component coating composition as defined above can comprise a Kbnig Hardness after 24 hours in a range of 95 to 125 seconds, such as of 100 to 115 seconds. The Kbnig hardness can be measured according to ISO 1522:2023.

[0085] The coating formed from the multi-component coating composition as defined above can comprise a shore D hardness after 1 week of at least 70, such as of at least 75, such as of at least 80. The coating formed from the multi-component coating composition as defined above can comprise a shore D hardness after 1 week of no more than 100, such as no more than 95, such as of no more than 90. According to the present disclosure, the coating formed from the multi-component coating composition as defined above can comprise shore D hardness after 1 week in a range of 70 to 100, such as 80 to 90. The shore D hardness can be measured according to ASTM D2240:2015 standard with a Type D durometer (Model 2000, Rex Gauge Company, Inc.) at room temperature (such as 20 to 25 °C, in particular 23 °C).

[0086] According to the present disclosure, the coating formed from the multi-component coating composition as defined above can resist failure for at least 25 days, such as 28 days, such as 30 days, in an Atlas Cell using crude oil and water and at 65 °C. An Atlas Cell is a specialized cell designed to simulate the conditions present in a vessel or a tank, such as a pressure vessel, process tank or storage tank. The Atlas Cell test can be measured according to NACE Standard TM 0174. To create an Atlas Cell, a heating mantle, a thermometer, and a condenser are assembled. Two panels are coated and placed inside the Atlas Cell, which is then filled with saltwater and crude oil. The heat generated by the heating mantle creates an environment composed of water, oil, and gas. The gas that forms is condensed back into the cell by the condenser. As used herein, the coating resist failure until the coating shows defects such as blistering, bubbling, or lack of adhesion. The degradation of the coating can be evaluated according to DIN EN ISO 4628-2:2016.

[0087] The present disclosure further relates to an article comprising the substrate as defined above. The article of the present disclosure can comprise a pressure vessel, a process tank or a storage tank. As used herein, the term “pressure vessel” refers to a container designed to gold gases or liquids at high pressures. As used herein, the term “process tank” refers to a container used for mixing or batching of chemicals, feeds, wastewater, or other components. As used herein, the term “storage tank” refers to a container used for storing liquids and gases.

[0088] The present disclosure also relates to a method of coating a substrate comprising applying the multi-component coating composition such as the two-component (2K) coating composition as defined above over a portion of a surface of the substrate.

[0089] The substrate may be as defined above.

[0090] The multi-component coating composition of the present disclosure may be prepared by any suitable technique that is commonly used. The various components of the multicomponent coating composition, specifically the first component (i) and second component (ii) may be mixed together using a high-speed disperser, a ball mill, a pearl mill, a three-roll mill, an inline mixer etc.

[0091] After mixing, the coating composition is immediately ready for application, e.g., by spray application, but may also be given an induction time prior to application.

[0092] The coating composition can be applied to a portion of the substrate by well-known standard application methods like conventional air-spraying or by airless- or airmixspraying equipment or 2K airless spray pumps. Alternatively, the coating composition can be applied by means of a brush or a roller. The coating composition can be applied at ambient conditions, e.g., up to 30° C., such as 20 to 25° C, without pre-heating the coating composition. Conventional pressure such as 3 to 5 bars can be used, preferably 4-5 bars.

[0093] The coating can be applied in a dry film thickness of at least 150 pm, such as at least 200 pm, such as at least 250 pm, such as at least 300 pm, such as of at least 350 pm, such as of at least 400 pm. The coating can be applied in a dry film thickness of no more than 1,200 pm, such as no more than 1,000 pm, such as no more than 900 pm, such as of at least 850 pm, such as of at least 800 pm. According to the present disclosure, the coating can be applied in a dry film thickness in the range of 150 to 1,200 pm, such as 300 to 900 m, such as of 350 to 850 pm, such as 400 to 800 pm. The thickness can be determined according to DIN EN ISO 2178:2016.

[0094] Once the substrate is coated with the coating composition, the composition typically cures at ambient temperature, e.g., up to 30° C., such as 20 to 25° C. Irradiation and / or heat may be used to encourage curing.

[0095] ASPECTS

[0096] The following clauses summarize some aspects of the present application.

[0097] A first aspect of the present application relates to a multi-component coating composition such as a two-component (2K) coating composition comprising: (i) a first component comprising an epoxy resin; and (ii) a second component comprising (ii-a) a first crosslinking agent suitable for crosslinking the epoxy resin, wherein the first crosslinking agent comprises an aliphatic polyamine, a cycloaliphatic polyamine, an araliphatic polyamine or an amino silane; and (ii-b) a second crosslinking agent suitable for crosslinking the epoxy resin, wherein the second crosslinking agent comprises an aliphatic polyamine, a cycloaliphatic polyamine, an araliphatic polyamine or an amino silane; wherein the multi-component coating composition comprises a non-reactive diluent in an amount of from 3 to 15 wt.-% based on the total weight of the 2K coating composition; and wherein the multi-component coating composition is solvent-free.

[0098] A second aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of the first aspect, wherein the epoxy resin comprises bisphenol A epoxy resin, hydrated bisphenol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, hydrated bisphenol F epoxy resin, phenolic novolac epoxy resin, cresol novolac epoxy resin, cardanol-based epoxy resin, and combinations thereof.

[0099] A third aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the epoxy resin comprises phenolic novolac epoxy resin, cresol novolac epoxy resin and combinations thereof.

[0100] A fourth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first component (i) comprises the epoxy resin in an amount of at least 30 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the first component (i), such as at least 35 wt.-%, such as at least 40 wt.-%.

[0101] A fifth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first component (i) comprises the epoxy resin in an amount of no more than 100 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the first component (i), such as no more than 70 wt.-%, such as no more than 65 wt.-%, such as no more than 60 wt.-%, such as no more than 55 wt.-%, such as no more than 50 wt.- %.

[0102] A sixth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first component (i) comprises the epoxy resin in an amount of from 30 to 100 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the first component (i), such as from 30 to 70 wt.-%, such as from 30 to 60 wt.-%, such as from 35 to 60 wt.-%, such as from 35 to 55 wt.-%.

[0103] A seventh aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the second component (i) comprises the non-reactive diluent.

[0104] An eighth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the non-reactive diluent comprises a liquid hydrocarbon resin.

[0105] A ninth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first component (i) comprises a reactive diluent.

[0106] A tenth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first crosslinking agent (ii-a) comprises a molecular weight (Mw) of at least 60 g / mol, such as at least 80 g / mol, such as at least 110 g / mol, determined by mass spectrometry.

[0107] An eleventh aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first crosslinking agent (ii-a) comprises a molecular weight (Mw) of no more than 500 g / mol, such as no more than 350 g / mol, such as no more than 295 g / mol, such as no more than 260 g / mol, such as no more than 250 g / mol, such as no more than 200 g / mol, determined by mass spectrometry.

[0108] A twelfth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first crosslinking agent (ii-a) comprises a molecular weight (Mw) of from 60 to 500 g / mol, such as from 60 to 350 g / mol, such as from 80 to 295 g / mol, such as from 80 to 260 g / mol, such as from 80 to 250 g / mol, such as from 110 to 250 g / mol, such as from 110 to 200 g / mol, determined by mass spectrometry. A thirteenth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first crosslinking agent (ii-a) comprises primary amine functional groups.

[0109] A fourteenth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first crosslinking agent (ii-a) comprises a cycloaliphatic polyamine.

[0110] A fifteenth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) comprises a molecular weight (Mw) of at least 60 g / mol, such as at least 80 g / mol, such as at least 110 g / mol, determined by mass spectrometry.

[0111] A sixteenth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) comprises a molecular weight (Mw) of no more than 500 g / mol, such as no more than 350 g / mol, such as no more than 295 g / mol, such as no more than 260 g / mol, such as no more than 250 g / mol, such as no more than 200 g / mol, determined by mass spectrometry.

[0112] A seventeenth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) comprises a molecular weight (Mw) of from 60 to 500 g / mol, such as from 60 to 350 g / mol, such as from 80 to 295 g / mol, such as from 80 to 260 g / mol, such as from 80 to 250 g / mol, such as from 110 to 250 g / mol, such as from 110 to 200 g / mol, determined by mass spectrometry.

[0113] An eighteenth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) comprises primary amine functional groups.

[0114] A nineteenth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) comprises an araliphatic polyamine.

[0115] A twentieth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first crosslinking agent (ii-a) and the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) are used in a weight ratio of from 50:50 to 95:5, such as from 55:45 to 90:10, such as 60:40 to 80:20.

[0116] A twenty-first aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the second component (ii) comprises the first crosslinking agent (ii-a) and the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) in an amount of at least 30 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the second component (ii), such as at least 35 wt.-%, such as at least 40 wt.-%.

[0117] A twenty-second aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the second component (ii) comprises the first crosslinking agent (ii-a) and the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) in an amount of no more than 100 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the second component (ii), such as no more than 95 wt.-%, such as no more than 90 wt.-%, such as no more than 85 wt.-%, such as no more than 80 wt.-%, such as no more than 75 wt.-%.

[0118] A twenty-third aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the second component (ii) comprises the first crosslinking agent (ii-a) and the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) in an amount of from 30 to 100 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the second component (ii), such as from 30 to 95 wt.-%, such as from 35 to 95 wt.-%, such as from 40 to 95 wt.-%, such as from 40 to 90 wt.-%.

[0119] A twenty-fourth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the ninth to twenty-third aspects, comprising the reactive diluent in an amount of at least 0.5 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition, such as at least 1.0 wt.-%, such as at least 1.5 wt.-%, such as at least 2.0 wt.-%.

[0120] A twenty-fifth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the ninth to twenty-fourth aspects, comprising the reactive diluent in an amount of no more than 11.0 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition, such as no more than 8.0 wt.-%, such as no more than 6.0 wt.-%, such as no more than 5.5 wt.-%, such as no more than 5.0 wt.-%.

[0121] A twenty-sixth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the ninth to twenty-fifth aspects, comprising the reactive diluent in an amount of from 0.5 to 11.0 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition, such as 1.0 to 8.0 wt.-%, such as 1.0 to 6.0 wt.-%, such as from 1.5 to 5.5 wt.-%, such as from 2.0 to 5.0 wt.-%.

[0122] A twenty-seventh aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, further comprising an adhesion promoter.

[0123] A twenty-eighth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of the twenty-seventh aspect, wherein the adhesion promoter comprises an epoxy silane, an amino silane, a mercapto silane, an acrylate silane, a titanate, a zirconate, a condensate of salicylic acid and formaldehyde, or a combination thereof.

[0124] A twenty-ninth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the twenty-seventh to twenty-eighth aspects, wherein the adhesion promoter comprises an epoxy silane, an amino silane or a combination thereof, in particular an epoxy silane.

[0125] A thirtieth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the twenty-seventh to twenty-ninth aspects, comprising the adhesion promoter in an amount of from 0.5 to 10.0 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition, such as from 0.5 to 8.0 wt.-%, such as from 0.5 to 6.0 wt.-%.

[0126] A thirty-first aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, further comprising a wetting agent.

[0127] A thirty-second aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of the thirty-first aspects, comprising the wetting agent in an amount of from 0.02 to 2.0 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition, such as from 0.02 to 1.8 wt.-%, such as from 0.04 to 1.5 wt.-%.

[0128] A thirty-third aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, further comprising a defoamer.

[0129] A thirty-fourth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of the thirty-third aspects, comprising the defoamer in an amount of from 0.02 to 2.0 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition, such as from 0.02 to 1.8 wt.-%, such as from 0.04 to 1.5 wt.-%.

[0130] A thirty-fifth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, comprising an amine hydrogen:epoxy equivalent of at least 0.38: 1 , such as at least 0.65: 1.

[0131] A thirty-sixth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, comprising an amine hydrogen:epoxy equivalent of no more than 1.1:1, such as no more than 1.05: 1.

[0132] A thirty-seventh aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, comprising an amine hydrogen:epoxy equivalent of from 0.38: 1 to 1.1 : 1 , such as from 0.65: 1 to 1.1 : 1 , such as from 0.9: 1 to 1.1 :1. A thirty-eighth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first component comprises a viscosity in a range of 8,000 to 15,000 at 23 °C.

[0133] A thirty-ninth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the second component comprises a viscosity in a range of 10 to 30 seconds as measured according to DIN 53211 using a 4 mm flow cup at 23 °C.

[0134] A fortieth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the multi-component coating composition comprises a viscosity of less than 12.000 mPa s at 23 °C, such as less than 10.000 mPa s at 23 °C.

[0135] A forty-first aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the second component comprises an accelerator.

[0136] A forty-second aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of the forty-first aspect, wherein the accelerator comprises a tertiary amine.

[0137] A forty-third aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the forty-first to forty-second aspects, wherein the accelerator comprises tris(2-aminoethyl)amine, tris(3-aminopropyl)amine, tris[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amine, 2-(dimethylamino)ethylamine, 3-(dimethylamino)-1- propylamine, tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, 1 ,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine, N,N,N’,N,-tetrakis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-butanediamine, 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, bis[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenol, diethanolamine, N-methyl diethanolamine, 3-(dimethylamino)propylamine, 3-(diethylamino)propylamine, N-(3-aminopropyl)diethanolamine, 1-[(3-aminopropyl)methylamino]ethanol, 1 ,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea, and combinations thereof.

[0138] A forty-fourth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the forty-first to forty-third aspects, wherein the accelerator is present in an amount of from 0.1 to 15 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the multicomponent coating composition, such as from 0.2 to 10 wt.-%, such as from 0.5 to 10 wt.-%. A forty-fifth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, comprising a pot life at 20 °C of more than 80 min, such as more than 100 min.

[0139] A forty-sixth aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, comprising a curing time at ambient temperature of less than 19 hours, such as less than 14 hours.

[0140] A forty-seventh aspect of the present application relates to the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects, comprising the non-reactive diluent in an amount of from 5 to 15 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition, such as from 7 to 15 wt.-%, such as from 7 to 14 wt.-%, such as from 9 to 13 wt.-%.

[0141] A forty-eighth aspect of the present application relates to a substrate comprising a coating formed from the multi-component coating composition of any of the preceding aspects on a portion of a surface of the substrate.

[0142] A forty-ninth aspect of the present application relates to the substrate of the forty-eighth aspect, wherein the substrate comprises a metal or a metal alloy.

[0143] A fiftieth aspect of the present application relates to the substrate of any one of the fortyeighth to forty-ninth aspects, wherein the coating comprises a Kbnig hardness after 24 hours of more than 100.

[0144] A fifty-first aspect of the present application relates to the substrate of any one of the forty-eighth to fiftieth aspects, wherein the coating comprises a shore D hardness after 1 week of from 70 to 90.

[0145] A fifty-second aspect of the present application relates to the substrate of any one of the forty-eighth to fifty-first aspects, wherein the coating resists failure for at least 28 days in an Atlas Cell using crude oil and water and at 65 °C.

[0146] A fifty-third aspect of the present application relates to an article comprising the substrate of any one of the forty-eighth to fifty-second aspects.

[0147] A fifty-fourth aspect of the present application relates to the article of the fifty-third, wherein the article comprises a pressure vessel, a process tank or a storage tank.

[0148] A fifty-fifth aspect of the present application relates to a method of applying the multicomponent coating composition of any one of the first to forty-seventh aspects over a portion of a surface of the substrate. EXAMPLES

[0149] The following examples are intended to illustrate the present disclosure and should not be construed as limiting the disclosure in any way.

[0150] General procedure for preparation of 2K coating composition The base composition (component (i)) was prepared by mixing all the indicated ingredients given in Table 1 (in parts by weight) using a disperser. The hardener composition (component (ii)) was prepared by mixing all the indicated ingredients given in Table 1 (in parts by weight) using a disperser. Care was taken that the batch temperature of the base composition did not exceed 65 °C while mixing. The 2K coating composition was then prepared by mixing the base composition and hardener composition using a disperser until homogenized.

[0151] Table 1 :

[0152]

[0153] 1anovolac epoxy resin having an EEW of 169-175 g / equivalent

[0154] 1bbisphenol F epoxy resin having an EEW of 164-172 g / equivalent

[0155] 2EFKA SL 3239, commercially available from BASF SE (Germany)

[0156] 3commercially available from Arkema France (France)

[0157] 4liquid hydrocarbon resin

[0158] 5Araldite DY-E commercially available from Huntsman (USA)

[0159] 6Silquest A-187 commercially available from Momentive Performance Materials GmbH (Germany)

[0160] 7Dynasylan Sivo 260 commercially available from Evonik Operations GmbH (Germany)

[0161] Coating of substrate and curing of coated substrate

[0162] The 2K coating composition after mixing Component (i) and Component (ii) of Table 1 is applied by conventional airless spraying to a grit blasted steel substrate. The dry film thickness of the coating composition ranges between 350 and 450 pm determined according to DIN EN ISO 2178:2016.

[0163] The coated substrates were cured at ambient conditions (20 to 25 °C at atmospheric pressure).

[0164] Curing time

[0165] The curing time is measured by using a dry time recorder 230V (commercially available from BYK-Chemie GmbH (Germany) at ambient conditions (23 °C at, 40 to 60% relative humidity) according to ASTM D5895-20.

[0166] After homogenizing the two components, a glass strip is coated with the 2K coating composition directly after mixing using an applicator to achieve a dry film thickness of 150 pm. Next, the coated glass strip is placed on the dry time recorder and a needle is run along the strip for 24 hours, which causes a pattern on the surface of the coating which is analyzed after the drying is finished. The drying is divided into five stages, i.e., levelling (stage 1), setting (stage 2), tearing (stage 3), cracking (stage 4), and drying through (stage 5). At stage 1 and 2, the coating is soft, causing the needle to slip through the coating. At stage 3, the coating is getting harder, causing the needle to pull on the coating. At stage 4, the coating is hard, so that the needle no longer goes through the coating but on the coating. At stage 5, the coating is hard enough, so that the needle does not leave any traces. The transition from stage 3 to 4 defines the curing time.

[0167] Pot life measurement

[0168] The pot life of the coating composition is reached when the viscosity if too high for sufficient atomizing and substrate wetting. The viscosity rise is measured using a Brookfield viscometer (DV-E, RV-7 spindle). The two components are poured into a 120 mL vial and mixed. The vial is secured, and the viscometer spindle is lowered into the coating composition. The consistency of the mixed paint is determined every 15 minutes. The viscometer is connected to a data logging A / D device and software, from which viscosity curves are generated. The pot life is the time required for the 2K coating composition to reach a viscosity of 10,000 mPa s at 20 °C, and at 100 rpm. The consistency of the mixed compositions is determined every 15 minutes.

[0169] Bulk Hardness

[0170] One of the properties evaluated is bulk hardness, which is determined using the Shore D method. The shore D hardness is measured according to ASTM D2240:2015 standard with a Type D durometer (Model 2000, Rex Gauge Company, Inc.) at room temperature (such as 20 to 25 °C) after 24 hours and 4 weeks. This involves measuring the force required to penetrate the coating with a needle and converting this value to a hardness score between 0 and 100. The higher the score, the harder the coating.

[0171] Corrosion resistance

[0172] Corrosion resistance was determined according to DIN EN ISO 2812-2:2019. The 2K coating composition is applied on a grit blasted steel substrate, whereby the coating result in a dry film thickness in a range of 350 to 500 pm. The grit blasted steel substrate was placed in water at temperatures of 50, 70 and 90 °C for 26 weeks. This helps to identify any potential issues with corrosion, blistering, or color change, which can impact the effectiveness of the coatings.

[0173] Chemical resistance

[0174] The chemical resistance was determined according to DIN EN ISO 2812-1:2018. As used herein, the term “chemical resistance” refers to the resistance of a material to the effects of chemicals, such as, e.g., blistering, discoloration, adhesion, and presence of rust. The 2K coating composition is applied on a grit blasted steel substrate, whereby the coating result in a dry film thickness in a range of 350 to 500 pm. The chemical resistance is evaluated by exposing the coatings to ethanol at 40 °C, toluene at 40 °C, and a mixture of crude oil and water (1:1 volume ratio) at 60 °C and 90 °C for six months. Atlas cell measurements

[0175] The Atlas Cell test is performed according to NACE Standard TM 0174. To create an Atlas Cell, a heating mantle, a thermometer, and a condenser are assembled. Two panels are coated and placed inside the Atlas Cell, which is then filled with saltwater and crude oil. The heat (65 °C) generated by the heating mantle creates an environment composed of water, oil, and gas. The gas that forms is condensed back into the cell by the condenser. The degradation of the coating is evaluated after 28 days according to DIN EN ISO 4628-2:2016.

[0176] In Table 2, the properties of the cured coatings were summarized.

[0177] Table 2:

Claims

Claims1 . A multi-component coating composition comprising:(i) a first component comprising an epoxy resin; and(ii) a second component comprising(ii-a) a first crosslinking agent suitable for crosslinking the epoxy resin, wherein the first crosslinking agent comprises an aliphatic polyamine, a cycloaliphatic polyamine, an araliphatic polyamine or an amino silane; and (ii-b) a second crosslinking agent suitable for crosslinking the epoxy resin, wherein the second crosslinking agent comprises an aliphatic polyamine, a cycloaliphatic polyamine, an araliphatic polyamine or an amino silane; wherein the multi-component coating composition comprises a non-reactive diluent in an amount of from 3 to 15 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multicomponent coating composition; and wherein the multi-component coating composition is solvent-free.

2. The multi-component coating composition according to claim 1 , wherein the epoxy resin comprises bisphenol A epoxy resin, hydrated bisphenol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, hydrated bisphenol F epoxy resin, phenolic novolac epoxy resin, cresol novolac epoxy resin, cardanol-based epoxy resin, and combinations thereof, in particular phenolic novolac epoxy resin, cresol novolac epoxy resin and combinations thereof; and / or wherein the first component (i) comprises the epoxy resin in an amount of from 30 to 100 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the first component (i).

3. The multi-component coating composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the non-reactive diluent comprises a liquid hydrocarbon resin; and / or wherein the non-reactive diluent is present in an amount of from 5 to 15 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition.

4. The multi-component coating composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first component (i) comprises a reactive diluent.

5. The multi-component coating composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first crosslinking agent (ii-a) comprises a molecular weight (Mw) of from 60 to 500 g / mol, determined by mass spectrometry; and / or wherein the first crosslinking agent (ii-a) comprises primary amine functional groups.

6. The multi-component coating composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) comprises a molecular weight (Mw) of from 60 to 500 g / mol, determined by mass spectrometry; and / or wherein the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) comprises primary amine functional groups.

7. The multi-component coating composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first crosslinking agent (ii-a) comprises a cycloaliphatic polyamine and / or wherein the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) comprises an araliphatic polyamine.

8. The multi-component coating composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first crosslinking agent (ii-a) and the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) are used in a weight ratio of from 50:50 to 95:5; and / or wherein the second component (ii) comprises the first crosslinking agent (ii-a) and the second crosslinking agent (ii-b) in an amount of from 30 to 100 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the second component (ii).

9. The multi-component coating composition according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising an adhesion promoter.

10. The multi-component coating composition according to claim 9, wherein the adhesion promoter comprises an epoxy silane, an amino silane, a mercapto silane, an acrylate silane, a titanate, a zirconate, a condensate of salicylic acid and formaldehyde, or a combination thereof; and / or the adhesion promoter is present in an amount of from 0.5 to 10.0 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition.11 . The multi-component coating composition according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising a wetting agent.

12. The multi-component coating composition according to claim 11 , comprising the wetting agent in an amount of from 0.02 to 2.0 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition.

13. The multi-component coating composition according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising a defoamer.

14. The multi-component coating composition according to claim 13, comprising the defoamer in an amount of from 0.02 to 2.0 wt.-% based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition.

15. The multi-component coating composition according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising an amine hydrogemepoxy equivalent of from 0.38:1 to 1.1:1.

16. The multi-component coating composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second component comprises an accelerator.

17. The multi-component coating composition according to claim 16, wherein the accelerator comprises a tertiary amine; and / or wherein the accelerator is present in an amount of from 0.1 to 15 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the multi-component coating composition.

18. A substrate comprising a coating formed from the multi-component coating composition according to any one of the preceding claims on a portion of a surface of the substrate.

19. An article comprising the substrate of claim 18.

20. A method of coating a substrate comprising applying the multi-component coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 17 over a portion of a surface of the substrate.

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