Improvements in and relating to keg couplers

Abstract

A keg coupler (1) that reduces the chance of gas escaping when the coupler is not connected to a keg. The gas supply remains closed for a greater amount of downwards travel from the closed position to the open position of the coupler handle (4). In addition, the coupler includes a locking assembly (50) for locking the handle in a first position in which the coupler is closed, a second position in which the coupler is open, and an intermediate position between the first and the second positions, said intermediate position preventing further movement of the handle (4) towards the second position without an additional user action. No gas flow is possible in the intermediate position, serving as a safety feature as additional human intervention is required to move the handle down to the second position when gas can flow.

Description

[0001] Improvements in and relating to Keg Couplers.

[0002] Field of the Invention.

[0003] The present invention relates generally to improvements in connectors or couplers for a fluid dispensing apparatus, in particular in relation to a coupler for a beverage keg.

[0004] Background of the Invention.

[0005] Beer, larger, cider and real ale can be provided in a variety of containers, such as bottles, cans casks and kegs. Real ales are dispensed from casks. However, beer, larger and cider are usually dispensed from kegs. A keg requires pressure to be applied to the fluid, such as beer, in the keg in order to get it from the keg to the tap in the bar for serving. An inert gas like nitrogen or carbon dioxide is introduced into the container which forces beer at the bottom to exit the container and be delivered to a tap through a beer line.

[0006] A keg connector or coupler connects the keg to the gas and beer lines via a keg spear. The spear has a long tube that reaches almost to the bottom of the keg. At the top of the spear there are two valves which are closed by spring pressure. These valves are opened by the connector when it is coupled up to the spear. The one valve is for the flow of gas (usually carbon dioxide or nitrogen) into the keg which forces beer out of the keg and the second valve is for the flow of beer out of the keg via the tube which goes almost to the bottom of the keg. Thus, the valve serves as a lock and the keg coupler attaches to the valve and serves as a key. All connectors / couplers when in use are connected by a pipe to a pressurised gas supply and a pipe that goes from the coupler to the liquid dispensing tap. To summarise when the coupler is in use pressurised gas goes into the keg and forces liquid out of the keg to the dispensing tap.

[0007] There are a number of different types of keg coupler which perform the same function but are dependent upon the type of spear in the keg. Various shapes of coupler are provided, such as S-, D-, G-, A- and U- couplers. The correct type of coupler that fits the spear on the keg can only be used in order for the beer to be served.

[0008] Most couplers are fitted to the keg spear by a coupler body engaging the keg spear. The coupler body is fastened over the spear of the keg, generally by a turning or sliding motion of the coupler. At the top end of the coupler there is a probe which is within the coupler body and it is connectable to the beer line for dispensing beer from the keg via the line to the dispensing tap. Movement of a lever or handle downwards on the coupler locks the coupler and simultaneously opens the two valves in the spear while creating a seal between the spear and coupler.

[0009] The connector or coupler body has a tailpiece with check valve for connection of a gas line and the main part of the coupler body receives the probe which is movable within the body by an actuator or handle. When the probe is lowered by movement of the handle, this opens the valve to allow beer to travel up through the probe. A check ball retainer with check ball is also provided within the interior of the probe to prevent the return flow of the beer. More particularly, once the coupler is positioned and locked to the spear, the handle is disengaged from a ratchet provided on the side of the coupler body and pushed down until it is fully engaged and secured by another lower ratchet on the body. This downwards movement on the handle opens two valves in the spear and two corresponding valves in the coupler. This achieved is by the coupler handle pushing the probe in the coupler down into the spear, thereby permitting pressurised gas to enter the keg and force liquid through the coupler to the dispensing tap.

[0010] There are some safety and cost issues that arise with the couplers that are currently available. One is the chance of asphyxiation from gases escaping. This can occur as a result of the handle only having to be moved a small distance to open the gas supply. Thus, for example, accidental knocking of the handle may inadvertently enable gas to escape. Furthermore, it is relatively easy to accidentally move the handle from the raised locked (closed) position to the lowered locked (open) position enabling gas to flow through the coupler. Other problems include the possibility of damage occurring to the gas supply tube due to its manner of connection to the coupler. The coupler parts being made of metal, such as stainless steel, brass or a combination thereof also results in these parts being expensive. The cost is further increased by the need for fixing means to securely screw the gas and liquid supply tubes to the coupler. This also adds to the bulkiness of the coupler and its attachments and weakens the strength of the assembly.

[0011] A further problem that exists with current keg couplers is that they can be difficult to remove (the coupler) from the spear after dispensing is complete. This is caused by high pressures that may be used to dispense the beer in some countries, such as the USA. This problem is currently alleviated by providing a separate pressure relief valve 302 (PRV), as illustrated in Figure 12 of the accompanying drawings. The PRV is positioned on the coupler 300 so that it can release the high pressure gas that is trapped between the enclosed area between the top of the closed spear and the connected coupler. The pressure is released by pulling the ring 303 which pulls the valve off its seat.

[0012] It is an object of the present invention to provide improvements to a coupler or connector for a fluid dispensing apparatus, particularly but not exclusively a keg coupler, that aim to overcome, or at least alleviate, the abovementioned drawbacks.

[0013] Summary of the Invention.

[0014] According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a coupler for a fluid dispensing container, the coupler comprising a coupler body part having a passage for receipt of a probe and a seal member for attachment to the container; a probe movable within the passage by at least one actuator; at least one side port for connection to a gas line; and a liquid exit port from the probe, the coupler having a locking assembly for locking the actuator in a first position in which the coupler is closed, a second position in which the coupler is open, and an intermediate position between the first and the second positions, said intermediate position preventing further movement of the actuator towards the second position without an additional user action. The container is preferably a keg. However, it is to be appreciated that the coupler of the present invention may be used in relation to other types of containers for dispensing fluids, such as chemicals.

[0015] The invention provides an intermediate position in which no gas flows. This means when the probe is held in the intermediate position the probe has not opened the gas flow into the keg. The opening of the gas flow is only achieved when the actuator is moved from the intermediate position to the lower second position. The movement between these two positions can only happen with human intervention by manually disengaging the actuator from the intermediate position.

[0016] Preferably, the actuator comprises a handle, movement of which causes to corresponding movement of the probe to affect opening and closing of a keg. The locking assembly preferably includes a retainer configured to temporarily lock the handle in each position wherein user action, such as the application of force, is required to move the handle between the positions. The retainer may include three or more locators.

[0017] More preferably, the locking assembly includes a locking member extending between the handle and the retainer. The locking member is preferably receivable within each of the locators of the retainer to lock the handle in the first, second or intermediate positions.

[0018] In one embodiment, the actuator comprises a handle and the lock assembly comprises a lever and a ratchet, the ratchet having at least a first upper locator for receipt of the lever, a second lower locator and an intermediate locator between said upper and lower locators. Any suitable locator may be provided to retain the lever, for example a notch, recess, hole or slot. Preferably, the handle is biased to the first and / or intermediate positions.

[0019] In an alternative embodiment, the actuator may comprise a handle and the locking member comprises a pin. The pin may be connected to the outer part of the handle and is preferably biased, for example by a spring, to push the handle towards top and / or bottom locators in a retainer in or on the coupler body. For example, the locators may comprise notches or location holes or slots in the retainer which may be in or formed integrally with the coupler body. At least one extra locator, such as an extra location notch / hole / slot is provided between the top and bottom locators to provide an intermediate position in which the handle may be locked. Alternatively, the handle may have a biased pivot that moves the pin. The bias of the handle is upwards and when the handle is pushed downwards it pivots and moves the pin out of a locator within the retainer provided on or as part of the coupler body. Again, according to the first aspect of the present invention, an extra intermediate locator, for example, in the form of an additional notch / hole / slot / recess would be provided to lock the handle in an intermediate position. Yet another type of coupler may comprise a handle with a ratchet having the locators wherein the locking member is a pin. The pin is moved when the ratchet is pulled into the handle. The pin is biased with a spring towards the notch / hole / slot on the body. Thus, again the retainer is provided with an additional locator such as a notch, hole or slot for receiving the pin to lock the handle in an intermediate position.

[0020] It is to be appreciated that the coupler may be provided with other components that are standard in the art for keg couplers. For example, the coupler body part may be provided with a pressure release valve, a ball valve with retainer within the probe and appropriate seal members, such as O-rings and washers. Preferably, suitable seal members such as O-rings are provided between the probe and the body part to prevent gas escaping to atmosphere, preferably being seated in retaining diameters or recesses.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a lower O ring on the probe is positioned so that it is still retained within a sealing diameter of the coupler body when the actuator is in the intermediate position. This serves to ensure no gas flows when in the intermediate position.

[0022] Any type of coupler can be modified according to the first aspect of the invention, such as a G-type, D-type, S-type, A-type, U-type or any other type of coupler. A second aspect of the present invention provides a keg coupler, the coupler comprising a coupler body part having a passage for receipt of a probe and a base with a seal member for attachment to a keg spear; a probe movable within the passage by at least one actuator; a locking assembly for locking the actuator in a first position in which the coupler is closed and a second position in which the coupler is open; at least one side port for connection to a gas line; and a liquid exit port from the probe, wherein the base of the coupler has a substantially U-shaped rim for slidable engagement with a connecting head of a spear, the rim being provided on the opposing side of the coupler to the locking assembly.

[0023] In particular, the second aspect of the present invention may be applied to a G-type or an A-type coupler.

[0024] The coupler according to the first or second aspects may comprise a metallic main body part with central passage housing a moveable metallic probe. However, according to another aspect of the present invention, at least parts of the coupler may be comprised of a plastics material, more preferably most parts of the coupler of comprised of a plastics material.

[0025] It is preferable for the gas inlet side port to be provided at an acute angle with respect to the central line of the main body part, with the liquid outlet provided at the top of the probe. More preferably, the gas inlet side port is provided a maximum of 30 degrees from vertical (that is, from the longitudinal axis of the probe).

[0026] Preferably, the distance of travel of the O-rings is much greater before it comes out of its retaining body diameter relative to prior art couplers. Current keg coupler allow gas to flow at between 25 to 30% of the total travel of the actuator from the closed position. In the present invention, the coupler is configured to allow gas flow at approx. 65% of total travel of the actuator, preferably remaining in the closed or first position until at least 50%, preferably at least 55% of its total travel distance. Hence the gas does not flow in the primary position. The coupler of the present invention provides for a longer movement of travel for the O-ring in the diameter compared with prior art couplers which makes it much safer by reducing the chance of gas escaping.

[0027] Thus, the couplers according to the first and / or second aspects of the invention are preferably also modified so the gas supply opens towards the end of the travel of the actuator, such as the handle. This change is brought about by repositioning of the gas inlet port in the connector body, by repositioning the O-ring seal on the probe and increasing the length of travel in the body that this O-ring moves before the seal between the body and O-ring is opened. This improvement means that the handle has to move the probe further before the gas supply is opened and therefore there is less chance of escaping gas in the event of the handle being accidently moved a small amount from its closed position. For example, in the prior art the handle moves down between 25% to 30% of its travel before gas will flow into the keg. This 25% to 30% movement may happen by accident and gas can escape, putting the operator at risk. In the present invention, the actuator preferably moves approximately 75% of its total travel before gas is able to flow but the first position is at approximately 60% of the handle travel. This means that without human intervention in getting the handle past the 60% position no gas will flow.

[0028] According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a coupler for a keg comprising a coupler body part having a passage for receipt of a probe and a seal member for attachment to a keg; a probe movable within the passage by at least one actuator; at least one side port for connection to a gas line; and a liquid exit port from the probe, the coupler having a locking assembly for locking the actuator in a first position in which the coupler is closed and a second position in which the coupler is open, wherein at least the body part of the coupler comprises a plastics material.

[0029] Preferably, the body part, probe and the ports are comprised of plastics material. More preferably, at least one metal insert is provided within the coupler.

[0030] Antibacterial agents or additives may be provided within the plastics material. The couplers according to the third aspect of the invention preferably include at least one metallic insert, more preferably wherein the metal inserts are provided within the plastic couplers in relation to parts of the coupler that are subjected to wear and tear.

[0031] It is preferable for each insert to be moulded into the coupler body, preferably wherein holes or channels are provided in the metal insert to allow molten plastic to flow through the holes / channels in the metal insert and fuse with the coupler body when the plastic cools and hardens, thereby fixing the insert firmly in place.. The insert may be keyed into the plastic body moulding by the series of holes in the metal part, ideally provided at spaced apart intervals in an annular rim of the insert.

[0032] It is to be appreciated that different configurations of metal inserts will need to be provided dependent upon the type of keg coupler.

[0033] Couplers according to the third aspect of the present invention may also be modified according to the first aspect of the present invention to provide a coupler having an intermediate position between the first and the second positions, said intermediate position preventing further movement of the actuator towards the second position without an additional user action. Additionally, or alternatively, couplers according to the third aspect of the invention may be modified according to the second aspect wherein the base of the coupler has a substantially U-shaped rim for slidable engagement with a connecting head of a spear, the rim being provided on the opposing side of the coupler to the locking assembly.

[0034] Additionally (or alternatively), with the couplers of the present invention, the gas and liquid tube connections may be formed integrally with the main body part of the coupler, preferably all being formed of a plastics material. Thus, the invention includes gas and liquid tube connections formed as an integral part of the keg coupler.

[0035] Preferably, the coupler body part is provided with an integral gas inlet port extending at an acute angle to a centre line x of the body, the port tapering inwardly to provide multiple, preferably five, stepped diameter recesses of varying depths. These recesses or steps are sized to accommodate proprietary parts for secure attachment of a gas line, such as a one-way valve, spacer, O-ring, retaining ring and a tube gripper.

[0036] Preferably, an integral liquid connection port is provided as part of the keg coupler probe. More preferably, the liquid connection port is formed integrally within a top part of the probe. Preferably, the integral liquid outlet port is coplanar with the centre line x of the probe, the port tapering inwardly to provide multiple, preferably three, stepped diameter recesses of varying depths. These recesses or steps are sized to accommodate the proprietary parts for the secure attachment of a liquid line, such as an O-ring, retaining ring and tube gripper.

[0037] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a dispensing system comprising; a container of pressurized gas; a gas line connected to a container of pressurized gas and to a gas line port of a coupler according to at least one of the first, second or third aspects of the invention; and a liquid line connected to the liquid exit port of the coupler for dispensing fluid through a tap.

[0038] A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a coupler for a fluid dispensing container, the coupler comprising a coupler body part having an internal cavity for receipt of a probe and a seal member for attachment to the container; a probe movable within the cavity by at least one actuator; at least one side port for connection to a gas line; and a liquid exit port from the probe; the coupler including at least one passageway extending from the cavity in a region of the coupler that is sealable to the container to an outer surface of the coupler body part, the coupler being configured to open and close the passageway by movement of the probe by the actuator

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present invention, the coupler body part is provided with at least one transverse hole extending from its inner surface to its outer surface. The coupler may be provided with one or multiple passages and the body part may be provided with one or multiple holes. Preferably, the hole is 0.5- 2mm in diameter, more preferably 1.0-1.5mm. The hole is preferably in fluid communication with a passageway extending from a lower outer part of the probe in the region the coupler attaches to the container to an upper outer part of the probe when the probe is in a raised position within the cavity. Conversely, this passageway extending from the lower outer part of the probe to an upper outer part of the probe is not in fluid communication with the hole through the body part when the probe is in the lowered position.

[0040] Preferably, the passageway is closed to prevent fluid communication by the provision of a pair of seal members, such as O-rings, that are moved together via downward movement of at least part of the probe. Raising of the probe, or at least part of the probe, opens up the passageway between the seal members to provide fluid communication with the hole in the outer body part, thereby enabling gas to be released through the hole.

[0041] More preferably still, the probe comprises two parts. An upper probe and a lower probe. The lower probe is provided with the passageway in an outer surface thereof extending from a base of the lower probe which contacts the container, the lower probe mating with the upper probe. The passageway extends from the lower and upper probe into the cavity and the seal members are provided in the upper probe to close off the passageway upon downwards movement of the upper probe.

[0042] Preferably, the lower probe has a base comprising an annular flange for contacting a top of the container, an upper surface of the annular flange having a channel or groove that forms part of the passageway or gallery. The lower probe may include a substantially cylindrical upper part extending from the flange, the upper part including a threaded region wherein at least part of the threaded region has a flat surface to form part of the passageway or gallery. Preferably the upper part of the lower probe is also provided with a stepped region above, and preferably spaced apart from, the threaded region. The pair of O-rings are preferably provided on the upper probe which then mates with the lower probe. The O-rings are positioned about the stepped region of the lower probe. In preferred embodiments, a third seal member is provided internally and between the O-rings, preferably being smaller in at least one of diameter and thickness, preferably both, than the pair of O-rings. The smaller O ring forms a seal between the two parts of the probe and is there to prevent gas going into the beer supply line.

[0043] Preferably, the actuator comprises a handle assembly for affecting movement of the probe within the cavity of the main body.

[0044] It is to be appreciated that the coupler according to the fifth aspect of the present invention may be provided with some or all of the components discussed in relation to the coupler of other aspects of the invention. For example, in embodiments the coupler may be provided with a locking assembly for locking the actuator in a first position in which the coupler is closed, a second position in which the coupler is open, and an intermediate position between the first and the second positions, said intermediate position preventing further movement of the actuator towards the second position without an additional user action.

[0045] The base of the coupler may be provided with a substantially U-shaped rim for slidable engagement with a connecting head of a spear, the rim being provided on the opposing side of the coupler to the locking assembly. At least part of the coupler may also comprise a plastics material, more preferably wherein at least one metal insert. In other words the principle can be applied to all the varying types of couplers, such as A, G. D, S and U types.

[0046] Brief Description of the Drawings

[0047] For a better understanding of the present invention and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made by way of example only to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is schematic exploded drawing showing the components of a conventional D- type coupler according to the prior art;

[0048] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a G-type keg coupler according to one embodiment of the present invention wherein the right-hand side of the diagram illustrates an exterior front view and the left hand side of the diagram is a sectional view, shown with the handle fully up with the coupler in the closed position;

[0049] Figure 3 is the schematic diagram of Figure 2, shown with the handle in an intermediate position to prevent gas flow;

[0050] Figure 4 is the schematic diagram of Figure 2, shown with the handle fully down with the coupler in the open position;

[0051] Figure 5 A illustrates a standard S-type keg coupler according to the prior art; and

[0052] Figure 5B illustrates an equivalent scale for a S-type keg coupler according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 6 is a bottom view of the body of a G-type keg coupler according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 7A illustrates connection of a standard keg coupler to a spear;

[0055] Figure 7B is an enlarged view of circular area C in Figure 7A;

[0056] Figure 7C illustrates connection of a keg coupler according to one embodiment of the present invention to a spear, wherein the coupler is connected in the opposite direction to the coupler shown in Figure 7A;

[0057] Figure 7D is an enlarged view of circular area D in Figure 7C; Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of part of a keg coupler according to another embodiment of the present invention, illustrating an integral gas connection as part of the keg coupler body;

[0058] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of part of a keg coupler according to yet another embodiment of the present invention, illustrating an integral liquid connection as part of the keg coupler body;

[0059] Figure 10A is a perspective view of a G-type keg coupler according to another embodiment of the present invention, shown with a metal insert;

[0060] Figure 10B illustrates the metal insert of Figure 10A prior to installation in the coupler;

[0061] Figure 11 A is a perspective view of a S-type keg coupler according to a further embodiment of the present invention, shown with a metal insert;

[0062] Figure 1 IB illustrates the metal insert of Figure 11 A prior to installation in the coupler;

[0063] Figure 12 illustrates a coupler with a pressure relief valve according to the prior art;

[0064] Figure 13 is an exploded view of the component parts of a coupler according to yet another embodiment of the present invention provided with an integral pressure relief valve;

[0065] Figure 14A is a side external view of the assembled coupler of Figure 13, shown with the coupler in the closed position;

[0066] Figure 14B is a sectional view of the coupler shown in Figure 14A;

[0067] Figure 15 is a sectional view of the coupler shown in Figure 14A, shown in the open, dispensing position; Figure 16A is the sectional view of the coupler shown in Figure 14A identifying area C expanded in Figure 16B; and

[0068] Figure 16B is an expanded view of area C shown in Figure 16A.

[0069] Detailed Description

[0070] The present invention provides improvements in relation to keg couplers or connectors, increasing their safety, lifespan, strength and reducing their cost.

[0071] Figure 1 illustrates the component parts of a standard S-type keg coupler 300 according to the prior art. Other types of coupler exist for attaching to different types of spears but their manner of operation is substantially the same. The coupler has a main body part 340 having a vertical central passage 302 with side ports 360, 380. One of the side ports 360 is for attachment of the gas line (not shown), the port extending substantially perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis (centre line) through the coupler. The side port 360 has a one-way valve 310, tail piece 312 and hexagonal nut 314 for securement of a gas supply tube. The other side port 380 receives a safety release valve 316. The main vertical passage 302 receives a probe 320 which at the top (not shown) is connected to the beer supply tube which takes the beer to the tap in the bar. The probe 320 contains a ball valve 322 which prevents beer flowing back into the keg and the ball valve is held in position by a retainer 324, the probe being movable between a raised and lowered position by handle 326 attached via pivot pin 328. A retainer 330 is provided on the side of the main body 340 to lock the handle in a raised or a lowered position, enabling the probe to be either in a raised position with no gas flow or a lowered position with gas flow. Appropriate O-rings (not shown) are also provided between the probe and the sides of the main body, together with a washer and seal 332 between the main body 340 and the keg (not shown).

[0072] While these types of coupler are completely fit for purpose, there are a number of drawbacks, including the cost of the metal parts and potential for gas to escape from the coupler during movement of the handle. These are experienced with most types of coupler, including the S-type shown in Figure 1 and others, such as a G-type A- type, U-type, and D-type couplers or connectors.

[0073] A first aspect of the present invention addresses the problem of the potential for gas to escape from the coupler during movement of the handle, inadvertent or otherwise. This is addressed by providing a greater distance between opening of the coupler and the closed position and / or at least one additional notch, hole, slot or recess on the retainer that engages with part of the handle to retain the handle in an intermediate position(s) between its fully raised (closed) and its fully lowered (open) positions. It is to be appreciated that this feature may be applied to all types of coupler but Figures 2 to 4 of the accompanying drawings illustrate a G-type coupler having a handle with lever and ratchet mechanism according to this embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Figures 2 to 4 of the accompanying drawings, a sectional view (LHS) and an exterior view (RHS) of a G type coupler 1 according to the invention is shown in the closed position (handle fully up - Figure 2) during which no gas or beer / liquid is able to flow through the coupler 1, an intermediate position (Figure 3) and an open position (handle fully lowered - Figure 4). For ease of reference, the coupler is shown without the keg, gas or liquid lines but it is to be appreciated that, in use, these would be sealed to the coupler in the conventional manner. As with a prior art connector / coupler, the coupler 1 has a main body 3 with a probe 2. The keg coupler 1 is slid onto a G type spear (G type spears not shown) contained in the keg (not shown) through a gap 20 in the main body 3 of the coupler as in Fig 6.

[0074] In detail, the coupler 1 comprises a metal main body part 3 with central passage housing a metallic probe 2 formed of an upper part 2a and lower part 2b which are connected via thread 19 and provided with an O-ring seal 18. A handle assembly 4 comprising handle 42 and locking lever 41 is connected to the probe via a ratchet 50 to effect raising and lowering of the probe within the main body 3. The ratchet serves as a retainer to engage the locking lever 41 to lock the handle in at least three different positions, a fully raised (closed) position, a fully lowered (open) position, and an intermediate position between its fully raised (closed) and its fully lowered (open) positions. Additionally, gas inlet port 12 is provided at an acute angle with respect to the central line of the main body and the liquid outlet 13 is provided at the top of the probe 2a. A ball valve 16 is provided within the channel of the probe, the probe having an integral seat 17 for receipt of the ball valve. Projections 21 are provided around the upper part of the inner surface of the probe to retain the ball valve within the probe. Additionally, in the closed position (Fig 2), O-rings 10, 11 are provided between the probe and the body part to prevent gas escaping to atmosphere, being seated in retaining diameters or recesses 15.

[0075] The coupler according to this embodiment of the invention is provided with a ratchet 50 having an extra notch or tooth 52 for more selective movement of the handle between a raised and lowered position. Conventional couplers are provided with two positive locations, one for the closed position and one for the open position and it is possible to inadvertently move the handle to the open position. The additional notch 52 allows the handle to lock in an intermediate position thereby increasing the safety of the device. The coupler includes the standard top and bottom notches 51, 53 but is also provided with an intermediate notch 52 to lock the handle in the intermediate position.

[0076] In Figure 2, the coupler 1 is in the closed position (probe 2 raised) so no gas is able to flow into the keg and no beer flows into the beer line. The coupler 1 is held in the closed position by the handle assembly 4 and the locking lever 41 which is positively located into the body 3 in the top position 51 of the ratchet 50 of the retainer. With prior art keg couplers, the distance of travel of O-ring 10, 11 is much shorter before O ring 11 comes out of its retaining body diameter 15. As a result, in prior art if the locking lever 41 is not fully engaged in the top notch 51 of the ratchet, the handle assembly could move easily to the point where gas can escape to atmosphere. This results in dangerous gases escaping with only a slight movement of the handle. The coupler of the present invention provides for a longer movement of travel for the O-ring 11 in the diameter 15 compared with prior art couplers which makes it much safer by reducing the chance of gas escaping. Additionally, the provision of an intermediate ratchet position 52 further enhances this safety feature (discussed in further detail below in relation to Figure 3). For example, in the prior art, the handle or other actuator generally needs to move only a short distance (approx. 25% to 30% of its total travel distance) before gas will flow into the keg. This 25% to 30% movement may happen by accident and gas can escape, putting the operator at risk. In the present invention, the actuator has to move over a greater range of its total travel, preferably approximately 75% of its total travel, before gas is able to flow. The closed, first position preferably extends across at least 60% of the handle travel. This means that without human intervention in getting the handle past the 60% position, no gas will flow.

[0077] Referring to Figure 3, the coupler is shown in the intermediate position, with the locking lever 41 being retained within the new intermediate notch 52 of the ratchet 50 of the retainer to prevent gas flow. In this position, the O-ring 11 is located just inside the diameter 15 which means no gas is flowing through the gas entry 12. The handle assembly 4 is positively located so the probe 2 cannot move and permit gas to flow. Human intervention is required to move the handle beyond the intermediate position by someone releasing the locking lever 41 over the ratchet 52. In prior art couplers, there is no positive restriction in the handle movement between open and closed which means that gas can start to flow should the handle be accidently moved downwards when it is not connected to the keg, which would result in dangerous gases escaping. In contrast, in this invention the provision of an intermediate locked position provides an extra safety feature to prevent gas escaping without human intervention.

[0078] When the handle 42 of handle assembly 4 is pushed fully downwardly (see Figure 4) O ring 11 comes out of the body diameter 15 and gas can then start to flow into the keg. Then with the beer / liquid is connected to top of the coupler, beer / liquid passes through a passage 21 in the probe and out of the top of the probe 2 at point 13 and thus the coupler is in the open position. When beer / liquid is not flowing, the ball valve 16 forms a seal on probe face 17 thereby preventing any reverse flow of liquid / beer into the keg. The probe top 2a and probe bottom 2b are screwed together by means of thread 19 and a seal is provided to seal the probe top 2a and probe bottom 2b of the probe assembly 2. The gas enters the body at 12. The probe 2 slides vertically within the body 3 and seals are formed by O rings 10 and 11. The top O ring 10 prevents gas escaping to atmosphere. The bottom O ring 11 also prevents gas escaping to atmosphere but as the probe 2 is pushed down the bottom O ring 11 comes out of its retaining diameter 15 so gas can pass into the keg. In this position the probe 2 has the O ring 11 located outside the diameter 15 which means that gas can flow into the keg from the entry 12. The gas then pushes liquid / beer out through the centre of the probe assembly via the exit hole 13. As the liquid flows through the probe assembly 2 it lifts the ball valve 16 off the sealing face 17. The ball valve 16 is prevented from coming out of the probe assembly 2 by thin projections 21. The handle assembly 4 locks the probe 2 in the open position by the locking lever 41 being positively located under the lower ratchet 53 of the retainer.

[0079] Thus, the coupler of the invention illustrated in Figures 2 to 4 provides a number of benefits over prior art keg couplers. Firstly, the later opening of the gas supply reduces the chance of asphyxiation from escaping gases. Prior art the couplers open the gas supply at the start of movement of the handle. In contrast, the couplers according to this aspect of the invention are modified so the gas supply opens towards the end of the travel of the handle. This change is brought about by repositioning of the gas inlet port in the connector body, by repositioning the O-ring seal on the probe and increasing the length of travel in the body that this O-ring moves before the seal between the body and O-ring is opened. This improvement means that the handle has to move the probe further before the gas supply is opened and therefore there is less chance of escaping gas in the event of the handle being accidently moved a small amount from its closed position. Secondly, the extra ratchet position in this invention also reduces the chance of asphyxiation from escaping gases. All current keg couplers are provided with two positive locations which are achieved by the handle being retained in the closed position and in the open position. As explained above, with the present invention the gas supply opening position is moved so that it is located towards the end of travel of the handle. To further enhance this improvement, an extra slot, recess, hole or notch is provided on the retainer (ratchet) on the coupler body and it is positioned at a point just before the gas starts to flow. This means that until the new intermediate ratchet is disengaged, no gas will flow. This therefore means without human intervention the flow of gas is prevented from occurring by accident. The coupler of the present invention also provides a further advantage in that it can reduce damage occurring to the gas supply tube attached to the side port 12. Prior art couplers normally have the gas inlet on the main body of the coupler at a position almost perpendicular to the centre line of the coupler. In the present invention and as shown in Figures 2 to 4, the gas inlet 12 is angled acutely (preferably less than 45 degrees from vertical, i.e. the longitudinal axis of the probe), that is closer to the centre line of the body and into the body. This new position means that the gas supply tube is less likely to be damaged as it is a much snugger fit to the body and the gas supply tube can be tied to the vertical beer supply and therefore given further protection. This may also make the device more compact. Figure 5A illustrates a standard S-type keg coupler and Figure 5B shows one according to the invention, the couplers being shown to the same scale to demonstrate the compact nature of the keg of the invention and acute angle of the gas inlet.

[0080] It is to be appreciated that known couplers may be provided with different types of actuators with locking members to that shown in Figures 2 to 4 of the accompanying drawings, as shown in Figure 1. However, these types of couplers may still be adapted with a safety feature according to the present invention. For example, the actuator may comprise a handle having a pin going through it (see Fig. 1). The pin is connected to the outer part of the handle that you hold. The pin is biased by a spring to push the handle towards the equivalent top and bottom notches or location holes or slots in the body. Thus the pin is equivalent to ratchet of Figures 2 to 4. The present invention would provide an extra location notch / hole / slot to provide an intermediate position in which the handle could be locked.

[0081] Another coupler has a similar system with a pin. But in this case the handle has a biased pivot that moves the pin. The bias of the handle is upwards and when you push the handle down it pivots and moves the pin out of the notch / hole / slot. Again, according to the present invention, an extra intermediate notch / hole / slot would be provided to lock the handle in an intermediate position. Yet another type of coupler uses an equivalent ratchet handle to that shown in Figures 2 to 4 but it moves a pin when the ratchet is pulled into the handle. The pin is biased with a spring towards the notch / hole / slot on the body. Thus, again an additional notch, hole or slot would be provided for receiving the handle in an intermediate, locked position. All embodiments provide an intermediate locked position for the handle by the presence of an extra notch / hole / slot / recess to stop the gas flowing by accident should the top notch (closing the coupler) not have been fully engaged etc.

[0082] Additional aspects of the present invention improve the connection between the coupler, keg and spear to increase its safety yet further and to increase the durability of the product. Firstly, in one aspect the coupler is configured to slide towards the operator during its installation, reducing the gap between the spear and the coupler when the actuator is activated, making it less likely for gas to escape. For example, prior art A- type couplers have a circular base provided with a substantially U-shaped rim extending around approximately one-half to two-thirds of the base. This rim is provided on the same side as the handle so the coupler can be slid over a circular connecting head of the spear. When the handle is pushed down to move the probe of the coupler through the valve of the connecting head of the spear, a turning / twisting moment is achieved which creates a gap between the spear flat surface and the seal in the coupler in the area where the U is on the coupler and this can permit gases to escape. In this aspect of the invention the U-shaped rim is provided on the opposite side to prior art couplers, that is on the side opposite the handle or actuator rather than being provided on the same side. As a result, the coupler is slide on to the spear head towards the operator. By sliding the coupler towards the operator means the gap on the coupler that permits access to the spear is now on the side of the operator, i.e. on the opposite side to prior art couplers. This means there is a ledge on the coupler (formed by the lower lip of the U-shaped rim) that can go under the spear lobe on the opposite side to the operator. When the handle is pushed down it creates a twisting movement of the coupler towards the operator, ensuring that the seal between the spear and the coupler is less likely to permit any gas escaping due to a better contact between the parts.

[0083] This can also be applied to a G-type coupler. This further reduces the risk of gases escaping between this type of coupler and the spear because the parts of the coupler are less likely to suffer from excessive wear and tear which may lead to gases escaping and furthermore, the coupler cannot be accidently removed from the spear when gas is flowing. This is not the case with conventional G type couplers. In this respect, prior art couplers having a circular base with three mating surfaces. The spear head is a trilobe which is aligned with the mating surfaces of the base and then the coupler is rotated through 60 degrees so that the lobes become retained under the mating surfaces to secure the spear head on the coupler prior to pushing down the handle to affect movement of the probe of the coupler. This arrangement has some drawbacks. The repeated twisting results in the coupler becoming worn out by the spear and additionally, the flat sides of the spear and areas of the coupler that do not have mating surfaces may result in the coupler popping off the spear. The action of pushing the handle down may also cause it to pop out, releasing gas from the keg. Furthermore, an inexperienced operator can accidently twist the coupler when it is fully engaged in the spear. This action can result in the coupler coming out of the spear with the handle locked in the down position resulting in gas escaping from the coupler into the atmosphere.

[0084] Thus, current G type coupler connects to the spear by a turning motion of the coupler on the spear so that the three lobes on the coupler engage under the three radial protrusions on the spear. This means that they can be turned and disconnected when the probe is in the dangerous fully open position, permitting gas to flow into the atmosphere. This aspect of the invention changes the coupler body so that it is able to slide onto the spear using the same principle as the A type coupler discussed above. This change means that the coupler can no longer be disconnected from the spear until the probe has been fully retracted. This is because if the probe is not fully retracted the coupler cannot be slid off the spear. This ensures the upper ratchet of the connector is fully engaged when disconnecting the G type coupler and there is a little or no chance of gas escaping into the atmosphere.

[0085] Figure 6 illustrates one embodiment of a slidable G-type coupler 1 that may be slid onto a G type spear (G type spear not shown) through the gap 20 in the body 3 (see also Fig. 2). The G type coupler 1 can only be positioned on the spear via the gap 20. This means that when the probe assembly 2 is moved down in the body 3 and into the spear in the keg the coupler cannot be slid off the spear because the probe 2 is inside the spear. This feature which is particular to the G type coupler 1 and is not in the prior art of G type connectors means that this invention gives added safety. The spear enters the body 3 through 20 and is slid along until the outside diameter of the spear is fully engaged with diameter D. Diameter D is designed so it gives the closest fit to the outside diameter of the G type spear. Also, diameter d is designed to give the closest fit to the neck of the beer keg.

[0086] Thus, this new sliding G-type coupler prevents the coupler from being removed from the spear until the probe is fully retracted out of the spear. When fully retracted the handle upper latch is automatically engaged. Thus, this provides an extra safety mechanism by reducing the chance of unwanted gas escaping. In the worst-case scenario with current G type couplers people incorrectly remove the coupler by just turning it, without even attempting to move the handle upwards. In other cases they do not fully engage the ratchet on the upper notch and this can lead to gas escaping. In the current aspect, the A or G type coupler is slid onto the spear in the direction of the handle. This provides the benefit of when the handle is pushed down giving a rotational movement of the coupler on the top of the spear there is outer contact underneath the spear and on the outer edge of the top of the spear. Current art in the case of the A type coupler slides on but in the opposite direction meaning there is no support with the spear at one end as the handle is pushed down.

[0087] Hence, the invention further enhances the slide fit between the spear and the coupler by sliding the coupler towards the operator which is the opposite to the prior art in the case of the A type coupler. The advantage from this change is that it gives a better fit between the spear and coupler as the coupler handle is pushed down. The pushing down of the handle creates a twisting moment of the coupler on the spear. In the prior art for the A type coupler the twisting moment means that the coupler is not fixed under the spear at the opposite side to the operator and this allows the coupler to create a gap between it and the spear. In this invention this gap cannot happen as the coupler is located under the spear at the opposite side to the operator. Hence giving an improved connection between the A type and G type spears and coupler as the handle is pushed down on the coupler.

[0088] This is further illustrated in Figures 7A to 7D of the accompanying drawings in which Figures 7A and 7B show fitting of a conventional coupler and Figures 7C and 7D show fitting of a coupler with an improved connection according to an aspect of the invention. The curved arrows showing the rotational moment r when pushing down the handle on the coupler and the straight arrows p show the direction that the coupler is put onto the spear. The gap (shown in the expanded views of Figure 7B and 7D) is reduced in the arrangement of the present invention. It also illustrates how the coupler is fixed under the spear at the opposite side to the operator.

[0089] A further aspect of the present invention is shown in Figures 8 to 1 IB of the accompanying drawings. This aspect may be used in combination with the safety features already described in relation to Figures 2 to 4, 5B, 6 or 7C and 7D or without these features.

[0090] Firstly, the majority of the parts of the coupler according to this aspect of the invention are made from plastics materials. Any suitable plastics material may be used, taking account of the requirements for strength, durability and for use with food / drink. For example, the material for the probe where the beer passes may be polyoxymethylene (POM) whereas the remaining parts may be made from a 15% glass filled nylon with extra impact strength. In contrast, prior art couplers are made from metals, such as stainless steel, brass and a combination of stainless steel and brass, with all seals being made from rubber. Additionally (or alternatively), with the couplers of the present invention, the gas and liquid tube connections are formed integrally with the main body of the coupler, preferably all being formed of a plastics material. Current connections for the gas supply and liquid extraction tubes are achieved by screwing onto the keg coupler separate respective tube connections. This invention includes the gas and liquid tube connections formed as part of the keg connector. This provides a potential cost saving in materials also by reducing the number of additional parts that need to be purchased after the keg connector has been received by the customer. In addition, there is an overall height reduction because the liquid connection is lower in height than current art. There is also the increase in strength particularly for the gas connection because it is moulded as an integral part of the body moulding. The use of plastics materials also enables additives, such as antibacterial agents, to be included within the plastics material to increase the safety of the device for use with food / drink.

[0091] Figures 8 and 9 of the accompanying drawings, illustrate an embodiment of the coupler that has integral gas connections (Fig. 8) and liquid connections (Fig. 9). Figure 8 shows the improved position and methodology by having the gas connection as part of the keg coupler body. The drawing shows the S type body 66 but this invention applies to all types of keg coupler bodies. The S type body 66 has an integral gas inlet port 60 extending at an acute angle to the centre line x of the body, the port tapering to provide five stepped diameter recesses 60a-e of varying depths. These are sized to accommodate the following proprietary parts, namely one-way valve 61, spacer 62, O- ring 63, retaining ring 64 and a tube gripper 65. An expanded sectional view of the one-way valve 61 is shown. The valve 61 is spring-loaded valve and is opened by gas flow in a single direction, as cannot flow in the reverse direction because the valve will close. All of these parts that fit within the five recesses 60a-e are currently found in the prior art that separately attaches the gas connection tube to the port. This invention has included these parts into the body 66 and in so doing has reduced the need to purchase the prior art separate gas connection. Also, it means that this invention is less vulnerable to damage as with the prior art. This is because with the prior art there is a thread on the body to accommodate the fitting for the separate gas connection. This means that the threaded part on the body even with the maximum of strengthening ribs it is vulnerable to being snapped off. The main damage in the prior art to the gas line occurs when the supply tube gets bent and the gas flow is impeded. However, this invention is much stronger at this point because the 5 diameters 60 are an integral part of the body 66 and therefore less likely to get broken off. Thus, there is also an increase in strength because it is moulded as an integral part of the body moulding. Figure 9 shows the improved position and methodology by having the liquid connection as part of the keg coupler probe. In this particular embodiment, the liquid connection port 70 is formed integrally within a top part of a two-part probe 77 but it is to be appreciated that it may be provided in the top part of a single body probe. The integral liquid outlet port 70 is coplanar with the the centre line x of the probe, the port tapering to provide four stepped diameter recesses 70a-d of varying depths. These are sized to accommodate the following proprietary parts, the spacer 62, the O-ring 63, retaining ring 64 and tube gripper 65. This invention has included these parts into the keg coupler probe 77 and in so doing has reduced the need to purchase the prior art separate liquid connection. Additionally, this results in the keg coupler having a lower overall height compared with prior art couplers. This reduced height is due to the providing the connection of the liquid tube within the probe whereas with couplers of the prior art the overall height of the probe with the separate threaded-on liquid tube connection has a greater height.

[0092] A further improvement in relation to the couplers according to aspects of the invention is the provision of metal inserts within the plastic couplers in relation to parts of the coupler that are subjected to wear and tear. As discussed above, the couplers of the present invention are preferably formed of plastics material but in order to maintain the long life of the plastic parts the body of the coupler, metal inserts, such as a stainless- steel insert is provided and moulded into the body moulding. Inserts of other metals may be used but stainless-steel wears at a slow rate as compared with brass for example. The insert is preferably positioned within the body of the coupler where wear from repeated assembly and disassembly to the keg spear occurs.

[0093] Referring to Figures 10A-1 IB, two different types of coupler body 101, 201 are shown (Figures 10A, 11 A) each provided with a metal insert 102, 202 (shown prior to attachment in Figures 10B, 1 IB). Figure 10A illustrates a G-type coupler body 101 showing the metal insert 102. The insert 102 is moulded into the body 101, with holes 103 provided in the metal insert 102 helping to key the metal insert 102 into the body 101. In this respect, during moulding of the body 101, the molten plastic will flow through the holes 103 in the metal insert 102 and when the plastic cools and hardens the insert will be firmly fixed in place by the plastic that has gone through the holes 103.

[0094] Similar unique metal inserts are required for each of the individual spear types. Figures 11A and 11B show a S-type coupler body 201 including metal insert 202. This is another example of a metal insert 202 that has been firmly fixed in the body 201 by the plastic that has been formed inside the holes 203 of the metal insert 20. The metal insert is positioned where the keg coupler usually gets worn away from continual use by putting the keg coupler on and off the keg spear.

[0095] It is to be appreciated that different spears require couplers of a different configuration and therefore each spear will have its own individual type of insert. The insert is keyed into the plastic body moulding by the series of holes in the metal part, ideally provided at spaced apart intervals in an annular rim of the insert. The plastic during the moulding process fills these holes and forms a firm bond between the plastic and the metal insert. This improvement means that the coupler can be made from the less expensive plastic as compared to the current use of stainless steel and or brass.

[0096] Thus, in order to maintain the long life of the plastic parts the body of the coupler according to an aspect of the present invention, a metal, such as stainless-steel, insert is moulded into the body of the coupler. The insert is positioned where the most wear occurs to the body of the coupler due to repeated assembly and disassembly to the keg spear.

[0097] Figures 12 to 16B of the accompanying drawings illustrate a further improvement to a keg coupler according to an aspect of the present invention. Conventionally, couplers 300 have the option of having a pressure relief valve (PRV) 302 fitted if the coupler is to be used in situations where high pressures are used for dispensing fluid (see Figure 12). The PRV 302 is positioned on the coupler 300 during dispensing and, once dispensing is completed, the handle of the coupler will be fully up. Normally this enables the coupler to be turned or slid and released from the spear on the keg but if high pressure has built up between the top of the closed spear and the coupler then removal of the coupler can be difficult due to the excessive force required to turn or slide the coupler. The PRV 302 may be pulled out of the coupler using, for example, a ring provided on the end of the PRV, enabling the pressure to escape to atmosphere to allow removal of the coupler without excessive force. Note that while valve 302 is a pressure relief valve this should not to be confused with a safety pressure relief valve that is actuated by an excessive unsafe pressure. The current prior art can also be a safety valve.

[0098] Embodiments of the present invention replace this PRV with one or more internal passages within the body of the coupler extending from an internal surface of the coupler in the region that is exposed to high pressure to an external surface of the coupler, the coupler being configured to open or close one or more of these passages to atmosphere depending upon the positioning of the probe within the coupler, said position being dictated by the orientation of the coupler handle. In this manner, the passages are only open to atmosphere when the coupler has completed dispensing, and the handle is in the top or fully raised position. This arrangement clearly provides advantages over the prior art use of a PRV because pressure is able to be released automatically without opening of the valve by pulling the PRV ring in the prior art. Also, there is no need for the extra expense of a separate PRV.

[0099] Figures 13 to 16B illustrate one embodiment of this aspect of the present invention in further detail. In this embodiment, a passageway or gallery is provided along the outer surface of the probe which, when the handle is fully raised, aligns with a hole 722 through the main body 701 of the coupler.

[0100] The component parts of the coupler 700 comprise main body part 701 with central passage housing an upper probe 702a and a lower probe 702b which are connected via thread 719 and provided with an O-ring seal, as hereinbefore described. The handle assembly 704 comprises a handle 742 and locking lever 741 which are pivotally connected by pivot pin 743 and spring-loaded via spring 733. The handle assembly is connected to the probe via a ratchet 750 to effect raising and lowering of the probe within the main body 701. Additionally, a gas inlet port 712 is provided at an acute

[0101] T1 angle with respect to the central line of the main body, the port having a push fit coupling 765, spacer 760 and non-retum valve 762. A liquid outlet 713 is provided at the top of the probe 702, which is also provided with a push fit coupling 765. A ball valve 716 is provided within the channel of the probe, the probe having an integral seat 717 for receipt of the ball valve. An insert 730 and body seal 736 are provided at the base of the coupler to create a seal between the coupler and the keg when the coupler is attached to the keg (not shown).

[0102] The coupler according to this embodiment of the invention is provided with at least one hole or passage 722 that extends between the outer surface of the probe 702a, 702b to an external surface of the body 701 of the coupler. The coupler is configured such that the passage is closed off during dispensing of fluid but opens once dispensing has been completed and the handle is moved to the fully raised position, thereby enabling pressure to be relieved by the release of gas through the hole 722.

[0103] In further detail, the lower probe 702b is provided with a base in the form of an annular flange that includes a channel or gallery 718. Additionally, the threaded region 719 of the probe is provided with a flat surface 719a (see, in particular, Figure 13) and the upper part of the lower probe has a stepped region 720. The lower probe 702b is received within the upper probe 702a and housed within the main body 701. The gallery 718, flat surface 719a and stepped region 720 provide a passageway for gas (fluid). A washer 724 and O-ring 723 are provided on the upper surface of the base flange of the lower probe 702b and a pair of outer larger O-rings 725 are provided above the threaded region 719 between the upper and lower probes. Additionally, a smaller O-ring 726 is provided internally of these outer rings 725 in the stepped upper region of the lower probe. This smaller O ring is to prevent gas flow into the beer that is flowing through the centre of the two probes and an equivalent small O ring is provided in the coupler without PRV that also ensures that no gas can get into the beer supply line. On couplers without the integral PRV of the present invention, there may be two O rings on the probe and in some cases on the body. In contrast, the integral PRV has three O rings provided on the probes. The extra O ring ensures that the PRV works only in the upper position of the handle, when dispensing is complete.

[0104] The channel, flat part of the threaded region and stepped upper region form a gallery or passageway for flow of fluid. However, when the handle is in the lowered position, the two O rings are pushed downwardly by movement of the upper probe so that the hole 722 in the outer body is not in line with the passage and therefore gas (fluid) cannot escape. Movement of the handle upwardly enables the O-rings to move and in doing so the passageway aligns with the hole in the main body allowing gas (fluid) to escape.

[0105] Figure 15 illustrates the coupler in dispensing mode. Gas G1 flows into the coupler through the gas inlet 712 and into the keg (not shown) via the gas outlet G2, affecting dispensing of beer from the keg through the coupler (arrow Bl) and upwards to the bar tap (arrow B).

[0106] In contrast, Figures 16A and 16B illustrate the coupler 700 when dispensing is complete and the handle 704 is in the fully raised position. In this position, the movement of the seals enable a passage to open up between the base of the coupler, where the excess pressure builds up, and the hole 722 allowing gas that is trapped in the enclosed space between the closed spear and the coupler to be released to atmosphere, thereby enabling easier removal of the coupler from the spear.

[0107] It is to be appreciated that other configurations may be provided to create a passageway from the outer surface of the inner probe to the outer surface of the outer body wherein the passageway is opened upon raising of the handle and closed upon lowering of the handle. However, a preferred embodiment affects closure of the passageway by the upper probe moving downwardly to push the O-rings 725 together thereby sealing the passageway to prevent any escape of gas through the hole in the outer body.

[0108] The dimensions of the hole, passageway and O-rings may be chosen to suit the type of coupler and end use. However, in a preferred embodiment, the at least one hole through the main body of the coupler is 0.5mm-2.0mm, preferably being around 1-1.5mm. In embodiments, multiple holes may be provided, dependant on how quick the gas needs to be released. The pair of larger O-rings are preferably 17mm by 2.5mm and the smaller inner O-ring is 12.5mm by 1.1mm.

[0109] The various aspects of the present invention may be applied to any type of keg coupler that is used for connecting a keg that stores fluid under pressure to permit the flow of pressurised gas into the keg which in turn forces the liquid out of the keg. This invention reduces the chance of gas escaping when the coupler is not connected to the keg. This is achieved by the gas supply remaining closed for a greater amount of travel downwards from the closed position of the coupler handle. In addition, before the gas supply opens it is prevented from flowing until someone deactivates the handle stop over the additional middle ratchet on the body. The gas supply is angled more to the vertical in order to reduce the damage to the gas tube. Most of the component parts are preferably made from plastic and where there is potential for wear, a metal insert is moulded into the plastic part in question. Ideally, all couplers also have the gas supply and liquid connections as an integral part of the respective body and probe mouldings. Additionally, the coupler may be provided with a hole and / or passageway or gallery extending between the internal passage holding the probe to atmosphere, the hole being open only when the handle is in the fully raised position and dispensing is complete.

[0110] Further modifications to a keg coupler for a beer or other beverage dispensing apparatus may be made without departing from the principles embodied in the examples described and illustrated herein.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A coupler for a fluid dispensing container, the coupler comprising a coupler body part having a passage for receipt of a probe and a seal member for attachment to the container; a probe movable within the passage by at least one actuator; at least one side port for connection to a gas line; and a liquid exit port from the probe, the coupler having a locking assembly for locking the actuator in a first position in which the coupler is closed, a second position in which the coupler is open, and an intermediate position between the first and the second positions, said intermediate position preventing further movement of the actuator towards the second position without an additional user action.

2. The coupler as claimed in claim 1, wherein the container is a keg.

3. The coupler as claimed in claim 2, wherein the actuator comprises a handle, movement of which causes a corresponding movement of the probe to affect opening and closing of the keg.

4. The coupler as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the locking assembly includes a retainer configured to temporarily lock the actuator in each position wherein user action is required to move the actuator between the positions.

5. The coupler as claimed in claim 4, wherein the retainer includes at least three locators.

6. The coupler as claimed in claim 5, wherein the locator is selected from at least one of a notch, recess, hole and a slot or any combination thereof.

7. The coupler as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the actuator is biased to the first and / or intermediate positions.

8. The coupler as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the locking assembly includes a locking member extending between the actuator and the retainer, the locking member being receivable within each of the locators of the retainer to lock the actuator in the first, second or intermediate positions.

9. The coupler as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the locking assembly comprises a lever and a ratchet, the ratchet having at least a first upper locator for receipt of the lever, a second lower locator and an intermediate locator between said upper and lower locators.

10. The coupler as claimed in claim 8, wherein the locking member comprises a pin, preferably wherein the pin is connected to a part of the actuator and is preferably biased to push the actuator towards locators in the retainer in or on the coupler body to retain the actuator in a first or intermediate position.

11. The coupler as claimed in any one of the preceding claims further comprising a lower O ring on the probe, the O ring being positioned so that it is still retained within a sealing diameter of the coupler body when the actuator is in the intermediate position.

12. A keg coupler, the coupler comprising a coupler body part having a passage for receipt of a probe and a base with a seal member for attachment to a keg spear; a probe movable within the passage by at least one actuator; a locking assembly for locking the actuator in a first position in which the coupler is closed and a second position in which the coupler is open; at least one side port for connection to a gas line; and a liquid exit port from the probe, wherein the base of the coupler has a substantially U-shaped rim for slidable engagement with a connecting head of a spear, the rim being provided on the opposing side of the coupler to the locking assembly, preferably wherein the spear is a Grundy spear.

13. The coupler as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the gas inlet side port is provided at an acute angle with respect to a central line of the main body part, with the liquid outlet provided at the top of the probe, preferably wherein the gas inlet side port is provided a maximum of 30 degrees from vertical (the longitudinal axis of the probe).

14. The coupler as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the coupler is configured to only allow gas flow at approx. 65% of total travel of the actuator, preferably remaining in the closed or first position until at least 50%, more preferably at least 55% of its total travel distance.

15. A coupler for a keg, the coupler comprising a coupler body part having a passage for receipt of a probe and a seal member for attachment to a keg; a probe movable within the passage by at least one actuator; at least one side port for connection to a gas line; and a liquid exit port from the probe, the coupler having a locking assembly for locking the actuator in a first position in which the coupler is closed and a second position in which the coupler is open, wherein at least the body part of thecoupler comprises a plastics material and at least one metal inert is provided within the coupler.

16. The coupler as claimed in claim 15, wherein at least the body part, probe and the ports are comprised of plastics material.

17. The coupler as claimed in claim 15 or claim 16, wherein the at least one metallic insert is provided within the plastic coupler in relation to parts of the coupler that are subjected to wear and tear.

18. The coupler as claimed in claim 15, 16 or 17 wherein each insert is moulded into the coupler body, preferably wherein holes or channels are provided in the metal insert to allow molten plastic to flow through the holes / channels in the metal insert and fuse with the coupler body when the plastic cools and hardens, thereby securing the insert to the coupler body.

19. The coupler as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the coupler includes gas and liquid tube connections formed integrally with the gas inlet in the main body part of the coupler and the liquid exit from the probe, preferably all being formed of a plastics material, preferably wherein the connections are configured for push fit connections.

20. The coupler as claimed in claim 19, wherein the coupler body part is provided with an integral gas inlet port extending at an acute angle to a centre line x of the body, the port tapering inwardly to provide multiple stepped diameter recesses of varying depths.

21. The coupler as claimed in claim 19 or claim 20, wherein an integral liquid connection port is provided as part of the coupler probe, preferably formed integrally within a top part of the probe.

22. The coupler as claimed in claim 21, wherein the integral liquid outlet port is coplanar with the centre line x of the probe, the port tapering inwardly to provide multiple stepped diameter recesses of varying depths.

23. A coupler for a fluid dispensing container, the coupler comprising a coupler body part having an internal cavity for receipt of a probe and a seal member for attachment to the container; a probe movable within the cavity by at least one actuator; at least one side port for connection to a gas line; and a liquid exit port from the probe; the coupler including at least one passageway extending from the cavity in a region ofthe coupler that is sealable to the container to an outer surface of the coupler body part, the coupler being configured to open and close the passageway by movement of the probe by the actuator.

24. The coupler as claimed in claim 23, wherein the coupler body part is provided with at least one transverse hole extending from its inner surface to its outer surface, the hole being in (fluid) gas communication with a passageway extending from a lower outer part of the probe in the region the coupler attaches to the container to an upper outer part of the probe when the probe is in a raised position within the cavity.

25. The coupler as claimed in claim 24, wherein the passageway is closed to prevent (fluid) gas communication by the provision of a pair of seal members that are moved together via downward movement of at least part of the probe and further wherein raising of the probe, or at least part of the probe, opens up the passageway between the seal members to provide (fluid) gas communication with the hole in the outer body part.

26. The coupler as claimed in claim 25, wherein the probe comprises an upper probe and a lower probe, the lower probe provided with the passageway in an outer surface thereof extending from a base of the lower probe which contacts the container, the lower probe mating with the upper probe, the passageway extending from the lower and upper probe into the cavity and wherein the seal members are provided in the upper probe to close off the passageway upon downwards movement of the upper probe.

27. The coupler as claimed in claim 26, wherein the lower probe has a base comprising an annular flange for contacting a top of the container, an upper surface of the annular flange having a channel or groove that forms part of the passageway or gallery and a substantially cylindrical upper part extending from the flange, the upper part including a threaded region wherein at least part of the threaded region has a flat surface to form part of the passageway or gallery, preferably wherein the upper part of the lower probe is provided with a stepped region above, and preferably spaced apart from, the threaded region.

28. The coupler as claimed in claim 27, wherein the pair of seal members are provided on the upper probe which then mates with the lower probe, the seal members being positioned about the stepped region of the lower probe.

29. The coupler as claimed in any one of claims 25 to 28, wherein a third seal member is provided internally and between the pair of seal members, the third seal member preferably being smaller in at least one of diameter and thickness, preferably both, than the pair of seal members.

30. A dispensing system comprising a container of pressurized gas; a gas line connected to a container of pressurized gas and to a gas line port of a coupler as claimed in any one of the preceding claims; and a liquid line connected to the liquid exit port of the coupler for dispensing fluid through a tap.

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