Hydrogen-generation pyrolysis system assembly and corresponding operating method

Abstract

The invention relates to a hydrogen-generation pyrolysis system assembly for the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon-containing substrates in order to form hydrogen and carbon with an individual discharge process for the formed components. The assembly comprises a furnace having a reactor, an inner wall, an outer wall, at least one substrate feed for adding a substrate, at least one first product discharge in the reactor head, at least one inert gas feed, at least one inert gas discharge, and at least one second product discharge in the reactor sump. The invention further relates to a corresponding method for operating a hydrogen-generation pyrolysis system assembly.

Description

[0001] HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PYROLYSIS SYSTEM ARRANGEMENT

[0002] AND ASSOCIATED OPERATING PROCEDURES

[0003] The invention relates to a hydrogen generation pyrolysis system arrangement comprising a furnace with a reactor, an inner wall, an outer wall, at least one substrate feed for adding a substrate, at least one first product discharge in the reactor head, at least one inert gas supply and at least one inert gas discharge, wherein the substrate comprises hydrocarbon compounds, the inner wall encloses the reactor, the outer wall encloses the furnace, the outer wall has the inert gas supply and the inert gas discharge, the temperature in the reactor is adjustable above 800 °C at atmospheric pressure and is correspondingly adaptable in the event of a pressure change in the reactor, and the reactor volume of the furnace comprises at least twice the resulting gas volume of the introduced substrate.

[0004] Furthermore, the invention relates to an associated hydrogen generation pyrolysis system arrangement operating method.

[0005] Globally, ever-increasing amounts of hydrocarbon-containing waste are being produced, often ending up in vast landfills. At the same time, public environmental awareness is growing, and fossil fuel reserves are dwindling. For these reasons, the possibility of generating energy through alternative energy sources, such as the utilization of hydrocarbon-containing waste, has come into focus. One such option is the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon-containing waste, which unlocks previously untapped energy potential while simultaneously reducing waste.

[0006] Pyrolysis is a well-established process from the prior art. In pyrolysis, organic, i.e., hydrocarbon-containing, compounds are thermochemically decomposed. Unlike combustion, this process takes place in the absence of oxygen and solely under the influence of heat. If oxygen-containing fuels such as wood are used, oxidation reactions also occur during the decomposition process.

[0007] Methods for carrying out pyrolysis to decompose hydrocarbon-containing waste have been developed and practically applied for several decades.

[0008] The applicant's publication DE 10 2020 104 763 B3 discloses a hydrogen pyrolysis system arrangement comprising a furnace with a reactor, an inner wall, an outer wall, at least one substrate feed for adding a substrate, at least one hydrogen feed for adding hydrogen, at least one product discharge, at least one inert gas supply and at least one inert gas discharge, wherein the substrate comprises carbon compounds, the inner wall encloses the reactor and the outer wall encloses the furnace, characterized in that the outer wall has the inert gas supply and the inert gas discharge, the substrate feed leads into the reactor in the form of a pipe whose opening is located close to the reactor bottom, and the hydrogen supply leads into the reactor in the form of a pipe whose opening is located close to the reactor bottom.The temperature in the reactor is set above 800 °C at atmospheric pressure and is adjusted accordingly in the event of a pressure change in the reactor; complete decomposition of the substrate in the substrate feed occurs before it flows into the reactor due to the high reactor temperature; the product discharge leads out of the reactor in the form of a pipe whose opening is located close to the reactor lid; methane is formed from carbon and hydrogen in the lid section of the product discharge; and the reactor volume of the furnace comprises at least twice the resulting gas volume of the introduced substrate.

[0009] From publication US 2013 / 0 172 637 A1, a process for converting biogenic waste into fuels such as methane and other hydrocarbons by means of hydropyrolysis at temperatures between 400°C and 550°C is known.

[0010] The publication DE 69624 073 T2 describes a process for the treatment of waste, wherein the waste is pyrolyzed in a fluidized bed at high temperature to produce a flammable gas from a mixture of CO and H2.

[0011] The publication DE 25 43 514 A1 shows a reaction apparatus for carrying out chemical reactions in which an inert fluid is introduced to form a protective layer around a reaction tube.

[0012] Furthermore, the publication DE 44 46 964 C2 discloses a method and a device for the pyrolytic decomposition of plastic waste and in particular a method by which a pyrolytic decomposition of waste plastic, including polyvinyl chloride resins and the like, can be effectively carried out, producing a high-quality heating oil by pyrolysis of the waste plastic.

[0013] Document WO 2018 / 000050 A1 discloses an installation which includes a pyrolysis reactor configured to heat molten mixed plastic waste to produce pyrolysis gases at a first temperature of about 350 °C to 425 °C and pyrolysis slurry or pyrolysis coal at a second temperature of 722 °C to 1400 °C.

[0014] The main problems with the current state of the art are that there are many approaches to the decomposition of hydrocarbon-containing substrates using pyrolysis, and just as many approaches to energy generation from hydrocarbon-containing substrates via, for example, combustion. A simple system for the efficient generation of electrical energy and heat from a product of the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon-containing substrates, which can also be used for fuel production, is currently only known in the form of the hydrogen pyrolysis system.

[0015] The present invention is based on the objective of providing an arrangement similar to the hydrogen pyrolysis system, in which hydrogen is obtained from hydrocarbon-containing waste, in particular plastic, via pyrolysis for use in energy supply or fuel production, and the resulting by-product can also be further processed.

[0016] This problem is solved by a hydrogen generation pyrolysis system arrangement according to the main claim and an associated hydrogen generation pyrolysis system arrangement operating method according to the subordinate claim.

[0017] The hydrogen generation pyrolysis system arrangement includes a furnace with:

[0018] - a reactor;

[0019] - an inner wall;

[0020] - an outer wall;

[0021] - at least one substrate input for the addition of a substrate;

[0022] - at least one initial product removal in the reactor head;

[0023] - at least one inert gas supply and

[0024] - at least one inert gas exhaust; whereby

[0025] - the substrate contains hydrocarbon compounds;

[0026] - the inner wall encloses the reactor;

[0027] - the outer wall encloses the oven;

[0028] - the outer wall has the inert gas supply and the inert gas discharge;

[0029] - the temperature in the reactor is adjustable above 800 °C at atmospheric pressure and can be adjusted accordingly in the event of a pressure change in the reactor;

[0030] - the reactor volume of the furnace comprises at least twice the volume of gas produced by the introduced substrate; and is characterized in that

[0031] - at least one second product removal system is formed in the reactor sump;

[0032] - the substrate feed is designed in the form of a filling tube with a temperature-stable first separating disc between the filling tube and the reactor leading into the reactor head;

[0033] - the temperature in the substrate supply can be set below 50 °C;

[0034] - the first separating disc is designed to be openable and closable at the transition between the filling tube and the reactor;

[0035] - complete decomposition of the substrate after entering the reactor is possible due to the high reactor temperature;

[0036] - the product discharge in the reactor head is designed in the form of a pipe leading out of the reactor;

[0037] - the product discharge in the reactor sump is designed in the form of an openable and closable temperature-stable double pendulum flap with a subsequent product collection device leading out of the reactor, wherein the second double pendulum flap separates the reactor from the product collection device and the second double pendulum flap is located on the reactor sump;

[0038] - the reactor is designed to have a partition wall inside the reactor, wherein the partition wall extends from the reactor head towards the reactor sump with an opening above the reactor sump parallel to the side walls of the reactor;

[0039] - the partition wall is designed to divide the reactor interior into a flow-through zone and a stagnant zone;

[0040] - the opening in the partition wall above the reactor sump is designed as a connection between the flow-through and stagnant zones; wherein

[0041] - only a low flow velocity can develop in the calmed zone;

[0042] - the substrate supply into the flow zone is designed to be leading;

[0043] - the substrate is decomposable into carbon and hydrogen upon entering the flow zone;

[0044] - the hydrogen produced can be removed through the product discharge located in the calmed zone in the reactor head;

[0045] - the carbon formed can be collected on the second double pendulum flap of the product discharge in the reactor sump and can be discharged into the product collection device.

[0046] The substrate feed can be designed, in particular, as a feed for plastics. Because the substrate can be plastic, the hydrogen generation-pyrolysis system arrangement according to the invention makes it possible to convert otherwise difficult-to-recycle plastic waste into hydrogen, particularly for electricity generation and heat energy for further use.

[0047] Furthermore, the ceramic separating disc can be designed with a swivel lock and / or be electrically driven, directly or via magnetic coupling, and / or be designed to open and close in less than one second. The separating disc, made of a temperature-stable material, separates the hot (900°C) reactor atmosphere from the "cold" atmosphere (40°C) in the filling nozzle.

[0048] Only the separating disc allows large quantities (> 500g to 5 kg) of granules (for example, plastic or sewage sludge) to fall freely through the filling nozzle into the reactor.

[0049] At a temperature above 100°C in the filling nozzle, all the granules would begin to decompose as they fell into the reactor. Some of it would adhere to the wall of the filling nozzle, causing it to become clogged within a short time.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, the carbon formed in the product collection device can be cooled and / or the absorbed hydrogen can be exchanged for nitrogen and / or hydraulically pressed.

[0051] The area between the inner and outer walls of the furnace can be designed for continuous purging with an inert gas, such as air or nitrogen. In the event of a leak in the inner furnace wall, escaping hydrogen is detected by a hydrogen sensor. This triggers the flooding of the outer furnace with inert gas (e.g., nitrogen) before the hydrogen reaches the explosive limit. This reliably prevents the risk of explosion.

[0052] The substrate is added in portions via the substrate feeder, with a minimum opening and closing time of less than 1 second for the separating disc. It is crucial to control the substrate feed into the reactor to ensure temperature stability, allowing for substrate decomposition upon entry. During substrate feed, the reactor volume of the furnace must be at least twice the volume of gas generated by the introduced substrate to guarantee homogeneous gas distribution. Hydrogen is continuously discharged via the product outlet in the reactor head. The hydrogen in the cover section has a temperature of approximately 600 °C. This hydrogen can subsequently be stored for further utilization.

[0053] Carbon is deposited on the second double-pivot valve in the reactor sump after each substrate feed into the reactor. The carbon is removed in portions into the product collection device, in particular with an opening and closing time of the second double-pivot valve of less than 1 second.

[0054] If the reactor temperature is 900 °C at atmospheric pressure, the hydrocarbon-containing substrate decomposes rapidly as desired. At temperatures above 800 °C, hydrogen is produced during the pyrolysis of a hydrocarbon-containing substrate.

[0055] The hydrogen generation pyrolysis system arrangement operating procedure with the hydrogen generation pyrolysis system arrangement includes at least the following steps:

[0056] - Feeding a substrate containing hydrocarbon compounds via the substrate feed pipe by opening and closing the separating disc into the reactor to carry out pyrolysis in the reactor with subsequent product separation, wherein

[0057] - the temperature in the substrate supply is set below 50 °C;

[0058] - the temperature in the reactor is set above 800 °C at atmospheric pressure and is adjusted accordingly in the event of a pressure change in the reactor;

[0059] - Carrying out pyrolysis by decomposing the substrate upon entering the reactor due to the high reactor temperature into hydrogen and carbon;

[0060] - Separation of hydrogen and carbon produced in the reactor, whereby

[0061] - the mixture of hydrogen and carbon formed passes from the flow zone into the calm zone when passing through the opening of the partition;

[0062] - the hydrogen produced in the calmed zone rises into the reactor head and the carbon produced is accumulated on the second double pendulum valve on the reactor sump;

[0063] - Removal of the hydrogen produced through the product discharge in the reactor head;

[0064] - Discharge of the carbon formed on the second double pendulum valve from the reactor into the product collection device by opening and closing the second double pendulum valve.

[0065] In the operating process, the carbon can be cooled and filled in the product collection device, or the carbon can be cooled in the product collection device and absorbed hydrogen in the carbon can be exchanged for nitrogen, and / or the carbon can be hydraulically pressed and filled.

[0066] The hydrogen can be temporarily stored and / or used directly in other processes and / or flared off.

[0067] The waste heat from the process can be used in other processes and / or to maintain the reactor temperature.

[0068] The outflow of substrate from the substrate feed into the reactor takes place in the reactor head in the flow zone. The inflow of hydrogen from the reactor into the product discharge takes place in the reactor head in the calm zone. The accumulation of carbon from the reactor into the product discharge occurs in the reactor sump on the second double pendulum valve. These design features are essential to ensure the desired function of the arrangement according to the invention, namely the formation of hydrogen and carbon with subsequent recovery of the individual components formed via the decomposition of hydrocarbon-containing substrate.

[0069] Due to the reactor's design, as the product mixture of hydrogen and carbon rises in the calmed zone, the carbon separates at a temperature above 590 °C and trickles down onto the second double pendulum valve, while the hydrogen continues to flow upwards into the reactor head. This is due to the extremely slow flow rate of the rising hydrogen combined with the effect of gravity.

[0070] The calm zone is created by a partition wall within the reactor.

[0071] The carbon is removed, cooled, the absorbed hydrogen is exchanged for nitrogen, and the product is bottled.

[0072] The invention is described below with reference to the accompanying illustrations.

[0073] The illustrations are described below, and these are intended to explain the invention and are not to be considered limiting. They show:

[0074] Figure 1 shows an exemplary schematic representation of the structure of a hydrogen-

[0075] Pyrolysis system arrangement according to the state of the art;

[0076] Figure 2 shows an exemplary schematic representation of the processes in the hydrogen generation pyrolysis system arrangement operating procedure in a hydrogen generation pyrolysis system arrangement;

[0077] Figure 3 shows an exemplary schematic representation of a substrate feed to a hydrogen generation pyrolysis system arrangement (Fig. 3a) with a swivel gate (Fig. 3b, c) and

[0078] Figure 4 shows an exemplary schematic representation of a reactor section of a hydrogen generation-pyrolysis system arrangement.

[0079] Figure 1 shows an exemplary schematic representation of the structure of a prior art hydrogen pyrolysis system 9. A furnace 2 with an outer wall 21 and an inner wall 22 comprises a reactor 23. An inert gas supply 24 and an inert gas outlet 25 are located in the outer wall 21. A hydrogen sensor 251 is installed in the inert gas outlet 25 to detect any leaks in the reactor 23. A substrate supply 26 and a hydrogen supply 27 lead into the interior of the reactor. The opening of the substrate supply 261 and the opening of the hydrogen supply 271 are located close to the reactor bottom 231. A product outlet 28 leads out of the reactor. The opening of the product discharge 281 is located close to the reactor lid 232. An inert gas 3 floods the area between the outer wall 21 and the inner wall 22 of the furnace 2 upon detection of hydrogen.Substrate 4 is introduced into reactor 23 via substrate feed 26, and hydrogen 5 is introduced via hydrogen feed 27. Hydrogen 5 and carbon leave reactor 23 via product discharge 28 and are converted to methane 6 within the reactor's lid section. Reactor 23 is maintained at an operating temperature of 900 °C. The methane formed within the reactor's lid section in product discharge 28 has a temperature below 600 °C.

[0080] Figure 2 shows an exemplary schematic representation of the processes in the hydrogen generation-pyrolysis system arrangement operating procedure in a hydrogen generation-pyrolysis system arrangement 1. A substrate 4, preferably in the form of plastic, is fed into the reactor 23 in the area of ​​the reactor head 232 in the flow zone 236 via the substrate feed 26. The substrate feed 26 comprises a double-pivot valve 260, an intermediate pipe 263, a metering valve 269, and a separating disc 262. In this example, the double-pivot valve 260 is operated by a vacuum pump 8. By briefly opening the double-pivot valve 260, the substrate 4 is fed in portions into the metering valve 269. The double-pivot valve 260 preferably has an opening time and a closing time of less than 1 second.The temperature in the filling tube 263 is below 50 °C, preferably around 40 °C, and the temperature in the reactor 23 is above 800 °C, both at atmospheric pressure. When the substrate 4 enters the reactor 23 by opening the first separating disc 262, it decomposes into hydrogen 5 and carbon 7 due to the high reactor temperature. The hydrogen 5 and carbon 7 produced flow in reactor 23 along a partition 233 located inside the reactor, from the reactor head 232 towards the reactor sump 231. The partition 233 extends from the reactor head 232 towards the reactor sump 231, with an opening 235 above the reactor sump 231, parallel to the side walls of the reactor 23. Through the opening in the partition 235, the product passes from the flow zone 236 in reactor 23 to the calm zone 237 in reactor 23. Only a weak flow exists in the calm zone 237.This, due to the reactor design in combination with gravity, causes the carbon 7 to trickle down in the reactor 23 and accumulate in the reactor sump 231 on a double-pivot valve 234. In this example, the double-pivot valve is operated by a vacuum pump 8. The accumulated carbon 7 is released in portions into the product collection device 291 by briefly opening and closing the double-pivot valve 234. The double-pivot valve preferably has an opening and closing time of less than 1 second. The hydrogen 5 formed flows into the reactor head 232 and to the product discharge in the reactor head 28 and is, in particular, continuously discharged from the reactor 23. Within the reactor lid section in the product discharge 28, the hydrogen 5 has a temperature below 600 °C, so that the atomic hydrogen present after substrate decomposition is converted into molecular hydrogen.

[0081] The hydrogen 5 produced can be temporarily stored and / or used directly in other processes and / or flared off. Preferably, the hydrogen 5 produced is compressed to a pressure of 10 bar by a compressor as it leaves the arrangement 1. One possible application for the hydrogen 5 is, for example, its use in combined heat and power plants or, more generally, in cogeneration plants.

[0082] The recovered carbon 7 can be used in the production of products such as steel, aluminum, bitumen, tires, and dyes. Using carbon 7 in these sectors can significantly reduce the need for imported carbon black and coking coal.

[0083] The process waste heat 10 occurring in both product discharges 28, 29 can be used in other processes and / or to maintain the reactor temperature in the hydrogen generation-pyrolysis system arrangement 1 according to the invention.

[0084] A throughput of, for example, 1000 kg of substrate is easily achievable with the arrangement 1 according to the invention, provided the arrangement 1 is dimensioned accordingly.

[0085] Fig. 3 shows an exemplary schematic representation of a substrate feed 26 of a hydrogen generation-pyrolysis system arrangement 1 (Fig. 3a) with a separating disc 262 and a swivel closure 2621 (Figs. 3b, c). In Fig. 3a, the filling tube 263 is shown connected to the separating disc 262. The separating disc 262 is equipped with a drive 2622. Fig. 3b shows the separating disc with swivel closure 2621 from below in the closed position, and Fig. 3c shows it in the open position.

[0086] Furthermore, Fig. 4 shows an exemplary schematic representation of a reactor section of a hydrogen generation-pyrolysis system arrangement 1. The reactor 23 with reactor head 232 and reactor sump 231 and the internal partition 233, as well as the substrate feed opening 261, the product discharge opening in the reactor head 281 and the product discharge opening in the reactor sump 292, are shown.

[0087] Substrate 4 enters reactor 23 through substrate feed 26 and the opening of substrate feed 261 (separating disc 262 not shown here). The processes then proceed as described in Figure 1. The hydrogen 5 produced leaves reactor 23 through the product discharge opening in reactor head 281, and the carbon 7 produced leaves reactor 23 through the product discharge opening in reactor sump 292 (double pendulum valve 234 not shown here).

[0088] Reference symbol list

[0089] 1 Hydrogen generation pyrolysis system layout

[0090] 2 ovens

[0091] 21 outer wall

[0092] 22 inner wall

[0093] 23 Reactor

[0094] 231 Reactor sump

[0095] 232 Reactor head

[0096] 233 Partition wall

[0097] 234 second double pendulum flap

[0098] 235 Opening partition wall

[0099] 236 flow zone

[0100] 237 calm zone

[0101] 24 Inert gas supply

[0102] 25 Inert gas removal

[0103] 251 Hydrogen sensor inert gas removal

[0104] 26 Substrate supply

[0105] 260 first double pendulum flap

[0106] 261 Opening substrate feed

[0107] 262 Cutting disc

[0108] 2621 Swivel lock

[0109] 2622 Drive connection

[0110] 263 Filling tube

[0111] 269 ​​Metering valve

[0112] 27 Hydrogen supply

[0113] 271 Opening hydrogen supply

[0114] 28 Product removal Reactor head

[0115] 281 Product discharge opening reactor head

[0116] 29 Product removal reactor sump

[0117] 291 Product collection device 292 Product discharge opening reactor sump

[0118] 3 Inert gas

[0119] 4 Substrat

[0120] 5 Hydrogen 6 Methane

[0121] 7 Carbon

[0122] 8 Pump, vacuum pump

[0123] 9 Hydrogen pyrolysis system arrangement

[0124] 10 Waste heat, process waste heat

Claims

REQUIREMENTS 1. Hydrogen generation pyrolysis system arrangement (1) comprising a furnace (2) with: - a reactor (23); - an inner wall (22); - an outer wall (21); - at least one substrate input (26) for the addition of a substrate (4); - at least one initial product removal in the reactor head (28); - at least one inert gas supply (24) and - at least one inert gas exhaust (25); wherein - the substrate (4) contains hydrocarbon compounds; - the inner wall (22) encloses the reactor (23); - the outer wall (21) encloses the oven (2); - the outer wall (21) has the inert gas supply (24) and the inert gas discharge (25), - the temperature in the reactor (23) is adjustable above 800 °C at atmospheric pressure and can be adjusted accordingly in the event of a pressure change in the reactor (23), - the reactor volume of the furnace (2) comprises at least twice the volume of gas produced by the introduced substrate (4), characterized in that - at least one second product removal system is formed in the reactor sump (29); - the substrate feed (26) in the form of a filling tube (263) with a temperature-stable separating disc (262) between the filling tube (263) and the reactor (23) in the reactor head (232) is designed to be leading, - the temperature in the substrate feed (26) is adjustable below 50 °C, - the separating disc (262) is designed to be openable and closable at the transition between the filling tube (263) and the reactor (23), - complete decomposition of the substrate (4) after entering the reactor (23) is possible due to the high reactor temperature, - the product discharge in the reactor head (28) is designed in the form of a pipe leading from the reactor (23), - the product discharge in the reactor sump (29) is designed in the form of an openable and closable temperature-stable double pendulum flap (234) with a subsequent product collection device (291) leading from the reactor (23), wherein the double pendulum flap (234) separates the reactor (23) from the product collection device (291) and the double pendulum flap (234) is arranged on the reactor sump (231), - the reactor (23) is designed to have a partition wall (233) inside the reactor, wherein the partition wall (233) extends from the reactor head (232) towards the reactor sump (231) with an opening (235) above the reactor sump (231) parallel to the side walls of the reactor (23), - the partition (233) is designed to divide the reactor interior into a flow-through zone (236) and a stagnant zone (237), - the opening of the partition wall (235) above the reactor sump (231) is designed as a connection between the flow-through (236) and the calmed zone (237), wherein - only a low flow velocity can be developed in the calmed zone (237), - the substrate supply (26) into the flow zone (236) is designed to be leading, - the substrate (4) is decomposable into carbon (7) and hydrogen (5) upon entering the flow zone (236), - the hydrogen formed (5) can be removed through the product discharge located in the calmed zone (237) in the reactor head (28); - the carbon formed (7) can be collected on the double pendulum flap (234) of the product discharge (29) in the reactor sump (231) and can be discharged into the product collection device (291).

2. Arrangement (1) according to claim 1 characterized in that the substrate supply (26) is designed as a supply for plastic.

3. Arrangement (1) according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the first cutting disc (262) - made of ceramic and / or - is designed with a swivel lock (2621) and / or - electrically, directly driven or driven via magnetic coupling and / or - is designed to be opened and closed in less than one second.

4. Arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carbon (7) formed is in the product collection device (291) - is coolable and / or - absorbed hydrogen (5) is exchangeable for nitrogen and / or - can be hydraulically pressed.

5. Hydrogen generation pyrolysis system arrangement operating method with the hydrogen generation pyrolysis system arrangement (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4 comprising at least the steps: - Feeding a substrate (4) containing hydrocarbon compounds via the filling tube (263) of the substrate feed (26) by opening and closing the separating disc (262) into the reactor (23) for carrying out pyrolysis in the reactor (23) with subsequent product separation, wherein - the temperature in the substrate feed (26) is set below 50 °C, - the temperature in the reactor (23) is set above 800 °C at atmospheric pressure and is adjusted accordingly in the event of a pressure change in the reactor (23), - Carrying out pyrolysis by decomposing the substrate (4) upon entering the reactor (23) due to the high reactor temperature into hydrogen (5) and carbon (7), - Separation of formed hydrogen (5) and formed carbon (7) in the reactor (23), wherein - the mixture of hydrogen (5) and carbon (7) formed passes from the flow zone (236) into the calm zone (237) when passing through the opening of the partition (235), - the hydrogen (5) formed in the calmed zone (237) rises into the reactor head (28) and the carbon (7) formed is accumulated on the second double pendulum valve (234) on the reactor sump (231), - Removal of the hydrogen formed (5) through the product removal in the reactor head (232), - Discharge of the carbon (7) formed on the double pendulum valve (234) from the reactor (23) into the product collection device (291) by opening and closing the double pendulum valve (234).

6. Operating method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that - the carbon (7) is cooled and filled in the product collection device (291), - the carbon (7) in the product collection device (291) is cooled and absorbed hydrogen (5) is exchanged for nitrogen and / or hydraulically pressed and filled, - the hydrogen (5) is temporarily stored and / or used directly in other processes and / or flared off, - the process waste heat (10) is used in other processes and / or to maintain the reactor temperature.

Images