Method and apparatus for producing a composition

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a composition. The method comprises providing a first liquid composition (L1), a first gaseous composition (G), and a first solid composition (S1); producing a first mixture comprising the first solid composition (S1), the first liquid composition (L1) and bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition (G); providing radiation on the bubbles; and obtaining any combination of the following: a second liquid composition (L2), a second gaseous composition (G2), and a second solid composition (S2). The invention further relates to a method for producing a composition.

Description

[0001] Method and apparatus for producing a composition

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The present invention relates to a method for producing a composition and more particularly to a method according to the preamble of claim 1. The present invention further relates to apparatus for producing a composition and more particularly to apparatus according to the preamble of claim 10.

[0004] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0005] Removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is essential to meeting international climate goals, scientists say. Without it, it's all but impossible to reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions in time to limit global warming to 1.5 or 2 degrees Celsius, the primary targets of the Paris climate agreement. Yet carbon dioxide isn't the only climate-warming gas that needs a sharp cutback in the atmosphere. Experts are turning their focus to methane as well.

[0006] There are a different compositions and substances which should be converted to other compositions and substances. For instance, greenhouse gases should be captured and converted substances which are not harmful for the earth.

[0007] It is known that when Carbon dioxide is injected into the liquid metal, with the gas bubbles rising up just like bubbles in a champagne glass and as the bubbles move through the liquid metal, the gas molecule splits up to form flakes of solid carbon, with the reaction taking just a split second.

[0008] It is suggested that natural quasicrystals are formed by rapid quenching of a meteorite heated during an impact-induced shock.

[0009] Even some greenhouse gas capturing, and quasicrystal production processes and composition converting methods are known, there is still needed to improve efficiency of these processes.

[0010] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a composition and apparatus for producing a composition so as to solve or at least alleviate the prior art disadvantages.

[0012] The objects of the invention are achieved by a method which is characterized by what is stated in the independent claim 1. The objects of the invention are further achieved by apparatus which is characterized by what is stated in the independent claim 10.

[0013] The preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.

[0014] The invention is based on the idea of providing a method for producing a composition. The method comprises: providing a first liquid composition, a first gaseous composition, and a first solid composition, producing a first mixture comprising the first solid composition, the first liquid composition and bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition, providing radiation on the bubbles, and obtaining any combination of the following: a second liquid composition, a second gaseous composition, and a second solid composition.

[0015] In some embodiments, the method comprises:

[0016] - providing a first liquid composition, a first gaseous composition, and a first solid composition,

[0017] - producing a first mixture comprising the first solid composition, the first liquid composition and bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition,

[0018] - decreasing a diameter of the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition with a nano bubble device

[0019] - providing radiation onto the bubbles having the decreased diameter, and

[0020] - obtaining any combination of the following: a second liquid composition, a second gaseous composition, and a second solid composition.

[0021] In some embodiments, obtaining any combination of the following: a second liquid composition, a second gaseous composition, and a second solid composition means obtaining any combination of the following: a second liquid composition, a second gaseous composition, and a second solid composition with repetition. In other words, obtaining any combination of the following: a second liquid composition, a second gaseous composition, and a second solid composition means obtaining any one or any combination of the following: a second liquid composition, a second gaseous composition, and a second solid composition.

[0022] In other words, obtaining at least one of the second liquid composition, the second gaseous composition, and the second solid composition.

[0023] In some embodiments, obtaining any combination of the following: a second liquid composition, a second gaseous composition, and a second solid composition means obtaining any combination of the following: a second liquid composition, a second gaseous composition, and a second solid composition without repetition. In other words, obtaining at least two of the second liquid composition, the second gaseous composition, and the second solid composition.

[0024] In some embodiments, obtaining any combination of the following: a second liquid composition, a second gaseous composition, and a second solid composition means obtaining the second liquid composition, the second gaseous composition, and the second solid composition.

[0025] In some embodiments, the first solid composition consists of a first solid substance.

[0026] In some embodiments, the first gaseous composition consists of a first gaseous substance.

[0027] In some embodiments, the first liquid composition consists of a first liquid substance.

[0028] In some embodiments, the second solid composition consists of a second solid substance.

[0029] In some embodiments, the second gaseous composition consists of a second gaseous substance.

[0030] In some embodiments, the first liquid composition consists of a first liquid substance.

[0031] In the context of this application, a substance means a particular kind of matter with uniform properties.

[0032] In some embodiments, the first solid composition consists of a first solid compound.

[0033] In some embodiments, the first gaseous composition consists of a first gaseous compound.

[0034] In some embodiments, the first liquid composition consists of a first liquid compound.

[0035] In some embodiments, the second solid composition consists of a second solid compound.

[0036] In some embodiments, the second gaseous composition consists of a second gaseous compound. In some embodiments, the first liquid composition consists of a first liquid compound.

[0037] In the context of this application, a compound means any substance composed of identical molecules or atoms.

[0038] In some embodiments, the first solid composition comprises metal atoms.

[0039] In some embodiments, the first solid composition comprises metal oxide.

[0040] In some embodiments, the first solid composition being a metal or metal oxide.

[0041] In some embodiments, the first solid composition being copper, gold or iron oxide.

[0042] In some embodiments, the first solid composition comprises any combination of the following atoms: Au, Al, Li, Cu, Mn, Si, Ni, Co, Pd, Fe, V, Yb, Ti, Zr, Zn, Mg, Ho, Sc, In and Ag. In some embodiments, the first solid composition comprises any combination of the following atoms: Au, Al, Li, Cu, Mn, Si, Ni, Co, Pd, Fe, V, Yb, Ti, Zr, Zn, Mg, Ho, Sc, In, Ag and 0.

[0043] In some embodiments, the first solid composition comprises any one or any combination of the following atoms: Au, Al, Li, Cu, Mn, Si, Ni, Co, Pd, Fe, V, Yb, Ti, Zr, Zn, Mg, Ho, Sc, In and Ag.

[0044] In some embodiments, the first solid composition comprises any one or any combination of the following atoms: Au, Al, Li, Cu, Mn, Si, Ni, Co, Pd, Fe, V, Yb, Ti, Zr, Zn, Mg, Ho, Sc, In, Ag and 0.

[0045] In some embodiments, the first solid composition comprises particles having a diameter less than 100 nm or less than 180 nm.

[0046] In some embodiments, the method comprises a step of decreasing a diameter of the bubbles comprising the gaseous composition with a nano bubble device and providing radiation onto the bubbles having the decreased diameter.

[0047] In other words, the bubbles having the decreased diameter are subjected to radiation.

[0048] Nano bubbles producing a shock wave when they burst.

[0049] In some embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises molecules comprising carbon atoms.

[0050] That enables greenhouse gas capturing. In some embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises gaseous alkane.

[0051] That enables greenhouse gas capturing.

[0052] In some embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises or consists of methane or carbon dioxide.

[0053] That enables greenhouse gas capturing.

[0054] The method enables converting greenhouse gases to solid carbon.

[0055] That enables greenhouse gas capturing.

[0056] In some embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises waste gas.

[0057] That enables greenhouse gas capturing and waste gas treatment.

[0058] In some embodiments, the first liquid composition comprises water.

[0059] In some embodiments, the first liquid composition is water.

[0060] Water is widely used in processes and suitable for converting process according to the present invention.

[0061] In some embodiments, the first mixture comprises a catalyst.

[0062] The catalyst enables increasing efficiency of the method.

[0063] In some embodiments, the method comprises a step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition.

[0064] In some embodiments, the step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles is carried out with a nano bubble device providing bubbles having a diameter less than 100 nm or less than 180 nm.

[0065] Bursting of the nanobubbles provides extreme conditions.

[0066] In some embodiments, the step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles is carried out with a nano bubble device comprising any one of the following: pressurized dissolution device, a rotational flow device, a turbulent static mixer, an ejector nozzle and an ultrasonic device and venturi device.

[0067] In some embodiments, the step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles is carried out with a nano bubble device comprising any one of the following: pressurized dissolution device, a rotational flow device, a turbulent static mixer, an ejector nozzle and an ultrasonic device or venturi device, and the nano bubble device providing bubbles having a diameter less than 100 nm or less than 180 nm.

[0068] The nano bubbles enable unexpected conversion reactions. In some embodiments, the method comprises a step of decomposing a substance of the first gaseous composition, and the second solid composition comprises molecules of the decomposed first gaseous composition.

[0069] In some embodiments, the method comprises decomposing a substance of the first gaseous composition, and the method comprises obtaining a third solid composition comprising molecules of the decomposed first gaseous composition.

[0070] In some embodiments, the method comprises decomposing a substance of the first gaseous composition, and the method comprises obtaining a third solid composition comprising carbon molecules of the decomposed first gaseous composition.

[0071] In some embodiments, the method comprises composing a second solid composition with cavitation.

[0072] Cavitation means that bubble in a liquid rapidly collapses and producing a shock wave.

[0073] This means that shock waves produced by the collapsing nano bubbles are evenly distributed in the first mixture.

[0074] That provides an energy efficient composing method of the second solid composition.

[0075] In some embodiments, the second solid composition being a crystal or a metallic crystal or a quasicrystal.

[0076] In some embodiments, the method comprises a step of obtaining a second gaseous composition, the second gaseous composition comprises molecules comprising oxygen atoms or hydrogen atoms.

[0077] This means converting greenhouse gases into non-harmful compositions.

[0078] In some embodiments, the method comprises a step of obtaining a second liquid composition, the second liquid composition comprises molecules comprising oxygen atoms or hydrogen atoms.

[0079] This means converting composition into valuable liquids.

[0080] In some embodiments, the method is carried out at a temperature up to 30 degrees C or 50 degrees C or 90 degrees C or 120 degrees C.

[0081] In some embodiments, the method is carried out at a temperature in the range of 5 degrees C - 30 degrees C. The present invention enables conversion reactions at a low temperature which provides an energy efficient method.

[0082] In some embodiments, the radiation in the step of providing radiation on the bubbles is electromagnetic radiation or acoustic radiation.

[0083] Electromagnetic radiation or acoustic radiation surprisingly enables the conversion reactions.

[0084] In some embodiments, the radiation in the step of providing radiation on the bubbles comprises any combination of the following electromagnetic radiation: sun light, infrared, visible light and ultraviolet light.

[0085] In some embodiments, the radiation in the step of providing radiation on the bubbles comprises any one or any combination of the following electromagnetic radiation: sun light, infrared, visible light and ultraviolet light.

[0086] Light enables energy efficiently conversion reactions.

[0087] The present invention further relates to apparatus for producing a composition. The apparatus comprises a first inlet arrangement arranged to provide the apparatus with the first gaseous composition and arranged to form bubbles of comprising the first gaseous composition, a production vessel arranged to receive the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition, and a radiation arrangement arranged to provide radiation on the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition having a decreased diameter.

[0088] In some embodiments, apparatus comprises: a first inlet arrangement arranged to provide the apparatus with the first gaseous composition, and arranged to form bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition,

[0089] - a production vessel arranged to receive the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition, and

[0090] - a radiation arrangement arranged to provide radiation,

[0091] - the apparatus comprises a nano bubble device arranged to decrease a diameter of the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition, and the radiation arrangement is arranged to provide radiation on the bubbles having the decreased diameter, and

[0092] - the apparatus comprises a separating arrangement arranged to obtain from the apparatus any combination of the following: a second liquid composition, a second gaseous composition, and a second solid composition. In some embodiments, any combination of the following: a second liquid composition, a second gaseous composition, and a second solid composition means any combination of the following: a second liquid composition, a second gaseous composition, and a second solid composition with repetition.

[0093] In other words, there is at least one of the second liquid composition, the second gaseous composition, and the second solid composition.

[0094] In some embodiments, any combination of the following: a second liquid composition, a second gaseous composition, and a second solid composition means any combination of the following: a second liquid composition, a second gaseous composition, and a second solid composition without repetition. In other words, there is at least two of the second liquid composition, the second gaseous composition, and the second solid composition.

[0095] In some embodiments, any combination of the following: a second liquid composition, a second gaseous composition, and a second solid composition comprises the second liquid composition, the second gaseous composition, and the second solid composition.

[0096] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a nano bubble device arranged to decrease a diameter of the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition.

[0097] In some embodiments the apparatus comprises a nano bubble device arranged to decrease a diameter of the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition, and the radiation arrangement is arranged to provide radiation on the bubbles having the decreased diameter.

[0098] In some embodiments, the first inlet arrangement is arranged to provide the bubbles with the catalyst.

[0099] In some embodiments, the catalyst is provided in the liquid.

[0100] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a catalyst feeding arrangement arranged to provide the apparatus with the catalyst.

[0101] The catalyst improves efficiency of the method or enables certain reactions.

[0102] In some embodiments, the radiation arrangement is arranged to irritate light.

[0103] In some embodiments, the radiation arrangement is arranged to provide acoustic radiation. In some embodiments, the radiation arrangement is arranged to provide the production vessel with sun light.

[0104] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a gas recycling arrangement arranged to recycle unreacted gas from the production vessel to the nano bubble device.

[0105] That increases conversion of the gas.

[0106] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a liquid recycling arrangement arranged to recycle liquid from the production vessel to the nano bubble device.

[0107] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a gas recycling arrangement arranged to recycle unreacted gas from the production vessel to the nano bubble device, and a liquid recycling arrangement arranged to recycle liquid from the production vessel to the nano bubble device.

[0108] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a separating arrangement arranged to obtain from the apparatus any combination of the following: a second liquid composition, a second gaseous composition, and a second solid composition.

[0109] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises a separating arrangement arranged to obtain from the apparatus any combination with repetition of the following: a second liquid composition, a second gaseous composition, and a second solid composition. In other words, the apparatus comprises a separating arrangement arranged to obtain from the apparatus any one or any combination of the following: a second liquid composition, a second gaseous composition, and a second solid composition.

[0110] The separating arrangement provides an efficient way to obtain produced compositions from the apparatus. In some embodiments, the separating arrangement is arranged to operate in continuous operation mode.

[0111] The apparatus may be arranged to carry out any above disclosed embodiment the method.

[0112] The method may be carried out with any above disclosed embodiment the apparatus.

[0113] An advantage of the invention is that different kind compositions can be converted energy efficiently to non-harmful or valuable compositions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0114] The invention is described in detail by means of specific embodiments with reference to the enclosed drawings, in which:

[0115] Figure 1 shows schematically a method according to one embodiment of the present invention,

[0116] Figure 2 shows schematically apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention,

[0117] Figure 3 shows schematically apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention, and

[0118] Figure 4 shows one embodiment of a nano bubble device.

[0119] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0120] The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided for thoroughness and completeness, and for fully convey the scope of the invention to a skilled person. Although individual features may be included in different embodiments, these may possibly be combined in other ways, and the inclusion in different embodiments does not imply that a combination of features is not feasible. In addition, singular references do not exclude a plurality. In the context of the present invention, the terms "a", "an" does not preclude a plurality.

[0121] As used herein, the term "comprising" includes the broader meanings of "including", "containing", and "comprehending", as well as the narrower expressions "consisting of" and "consisting only of'.The present inventive concepts are, at least in part, based on unexpected realisations that compositions may be converted energy efficiently with radiation when cavitation is present.

[0122] EXAMPLES

[0123] In the following, the invention and the embodiments thereof are described by means of non-limiting examples. A person skilled in the art would be able to modify the parameters of the examples with support of the above description without departing from the present invention. Example 1 (Comparative)

[0124] 10 I water, gold as a form of nano particles and methane were provided.

[0125] Water was put in a vessel having a pressure approximately 1 atm.

[0126] The water was circulated from the vessel. Methane having 0,8 bar pressure was fed to the water to provide a mixture of the water and bubbles comprising the methane.

[0127] The vessel was provided with light.

[0128] This experiment was carried out 5 min.

[0129] After the test gold was still gold and during the test methane was released from the vessel.

[0130] Example 2 (according to the invention)

[0131] 10 I water, gold as a form of nano particles and methane were provided.

[0132] Water was put in a vessel having a pressure approximately 1 atm.

[0133] The water was circulated from the vessel. Methane having 0,8 bar pressure was fed to the water to provide a mixture of the water and bubbles comprising the methane. The mixture was fed to a nano bubble generator.

[0134] The vessel was provided with light so that the bubbles were illuminated.

[0135] This experiment was carried out 5 min.

[0136] Inventors surprisingly found out that all the gas was converted non-gaseous compounds. Furthermore, crystals having a quasicrystal was produced.

[0137] Example 3 (according to the invention)

[0138] 10 I water, FeO particles and methane were provided.

[0139] Water was put in a vessel.

[0140] The water was circulated from the vessel. Methane having 0,8 bar pressure was fed to the water to provide a mixture of the water and bubbles comprising the methane. The mixture was fed to a nano bubble generator.

[0141] The vessel was provided with light so that the bubbles were illuminated.

[0142] This experiment was carried out 5 min.

[0143] Inventors surprisingly found out that all the gas was converted non-gaseous compounds. Furthermore, crystals having a quasicrystal was produced.

[0144] Example 4 (according to the invention) 10 I water, gold as a form of nano particles and CO2 were provided.

[0145] Water was put in a vessel having a pressure approximately 1 atm.

[0146] The water was circulated from the vessel. CO2 having 0,8 bar pressure was fed to the water to provide a mixture of the water and bubbles comprising the CO2.

[0147] The mixture was fed to a nano bubble generator.

[0148] The vessel was provided with light so that the bubbles were illuminated.

[0149] This experiment was carried out 15 min.

[0150] Inventors surprisingly found out that all the gas was converted non-gaseous compounds. Furthermore, crystals having a quasicrystal was produced.

[0151] Example 5 (according to the invention)

[0152] 10 I water, copper as a form of nano particles and CO2 were provided.

[0153] Water was put in a vessel having a pressure approximately 1 atm.

[0154] The water was circulated from the vessel. CO2 having 0,8 bar pressure was fed to the water to provide a mixture of the water and bubbles comprising the CO2.

[0155] The mixture was fed to a nano bubble generator.

[0156] The vessel was provided with light so that the bubbles were illuminated.This experiment was carried out 15 min.

[0157] Inventors surprisingly found out that all the gas was converted non-gaseous compounds. Furthermore, crystals having a quasicrystal was produced.

[0158] Figure 1 shows schematically embodiment of a method according to the present invention.

[0159] The method 5000 according to the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0160] -a step 5001, providing a first liquid composition L, a first gaseous composition G, and a first solid composition SI,

[0161] - a step 5002, producing a first mixture comprising the first solid composition SI, the first liquid composition Land bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition G,

[0162] - a step 5004, providing radiation on the bubbles, and

[0163] - a step 5005, obtaining any combination of the following: a second liquid composition L2, a second gaseous composition G2, and a second solid composition S2. In the context of this application, providing radiation on the bubbles means that the bubbles are exposed to the radiation.

[0164] In other words, the bubbles facing the radiation.

[0165] In the context of this application, a bubble of a gaseous composition means a ball of the gaseous composition that is surrounded by a liquid or by soft or frozen material.

[0166] In certain embodiments, the method comprises a step of adding water W.

[0167] In certain embodiments, the first gaseous composition G comprises molecules comprising carbon atoms.

[0168] In certain embodiments, the first gaseous composition G comprises molecules comprises hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms.

[0169] In certain embodiments, the first gaseous composition G consists of molecules consisting of hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms.

[0170] In certain embodiments, the first gaseous composition G comprises gaseous alkane.

[0171] In certain embodiments, the first gaseous composition G comprises or consists of methane or carbon dioxide.

[0172] In certain embodiments, a waste gas comprises any combination following: Carbon oxides, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, aerosols, carbon monoxide, methane and greenhouse gases such as chlorofluorocarbon (CFC).

[0173] In certain embodiments, a waste gas comprises any combination with repetition of the following: Carbon oxides, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, aerosols, carbon monoxide, methane and greenhouse gases such as chlorofluorocarbon (CFC). In other words, a waste gas comprises any one or any combination of the following: Carbon oxides, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, aerosols, carbon monoxide, methane and greenhouse gases such as chlorofluorocarbon (CFC).

[0174] Waste gases may be originated from industry, households or agriculture.

[0175] In certain embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises a waste gas from an industrial facility, the waste gas comprising carbon dioxide. In certain embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises a waste gas from an industrial facility.

[0176] In certain embodiments, the first gaseous composition comprises a waste gas from an industrial facility, the waste gas comprises two or more different gaseous compounds.

[0177] In certain embodiments, the first liquid composition being water.

[0178] In certain embodiments, the first liquid composition being purified water.

[0179] In certain embodiments, the first liquid composition comprises water.

[0180] Purified water is water that's free from impurities. Impurities commonly found in ordinary tap water are minerals such as Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium and Phosphorus. In order to create purified water, specialised filtration systems may be used which aim to remove single minerals. Distilled Water is also a type of purified Water. Distilled water is water that is boiled into steam and then recondensed back into a liquid form.

[0181] In certain embodiments, the first solid composition being a catalyst.

[0182] In certain embodiments, the catalyst comprises nanoparticles.

[0183] In certain embodiments, the catalyst consists of nanoparticles.

[0184] In certain embodiments, the catalyst comprises nanoparticles having a diameter in the range of 1 nm - 500 nm or in the range of 1 nm - 100 nm.

[0185] In certain embodiments, the catalyst is heterogeneous catalyst.

[0186] In certain embodiments, the catalyst is homogeneous catalyst. Heterogeneous catalysis is catalysis where the phase of catalysts differs from that of the reactants or products. The process contrasts with homogeneous catalysis where the reactants, products and catalyst exist in the same phase

[0187] In certain embodiments, the catalyst is metal catalyst or metal oxide catalyst.

[0188] In certain embodiments, the catalyst the catalyst comprises metal.

[0189] In certain embodiments, the catalyst comprises any combination of the following: ruthenium, palladium, copper, gold, platinum, nickel, molybdenum, cobalt, silver.

[0190] In certain embodiments, the catalyst comprises any one or any combination of the following: ruthenium, palladium, copper, gold, platinum, nickel, molybdenum, cobalt, silver. In certain embodiments, the catalyst comprises gold or the catalyst consists of gold.

[0191] In certain embodiments, the method is carried out at a pressure in the range of 0,8 - 1, 2 atm.

[0192] In certain embodiments, the method comprises a step 5003 of decreasing diameter of the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition.

[0193] In certain embodiments, the step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles is carried out with a nano bubble device 2 providing bubbles having a diameter less than 100 nm or less than 180 nm.

[0194] In certain embodiments, the step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles is carried out with a nano bubble device 2 comprising any one of the following: pressurized dissolution device, a rotational flow device, a turbulent static mixer, an ejector nozzle and an ultrasonic device and venturi device 22.

[0195] In certain embodiments, the step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles is carried out with a nano bubble device 2 comprising any one of the following: pressurized dissolution device, a rotational flow device, a turbulent static mixer, an ejector nozzle and an ultrasonic device or venturi device 22, and the nano bubble device 2 providing bubbles having a diameter less than 100 nm or less than 180 nm.

[0196] In certain embodiments, the method comprises decomposing the first gaseous composition G, and the second solid composition comprises molecules of the decomposed first gaseous composition G.

[0197] In certain embodiments, the method comprises decomposing the first gaseous composition G, and the method comprises obtaining a third solid composition comprises molecules of the decomposed first gaseous composition G.

[0198] In certain embodiments, the method comprises decomposing the first gaseous composition G, and the method comprises obtaining a third solid composition comprises carbon molecules of the decomposed first gaseous composition G.

[0199] In some embodiments, the method comprises composing a second solid composition with cavitation.

[0200] In other words, the method comprises composing a second solid composition with nano bubbles. In certain embodiments, the second solid composition being a metallic crystal or quasicrystal.

[0201] In the context of this application, a composition may consist of one specific compound or different compounds.

[0202] In the context of this application, metallic means a substance or composition or compound which comprises atoms of any metal.

[0203] In the context of this application, crystal means a crystal structure.

[0204] Crystal structure is a description of ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material. Ordered structures occur from intrinsic nature of constituent particles to form symmetric patterns that repeat along the principal directions of three-dimensional space in matter. The smallest group of particles in material that constitutes this repeating pattern is unit cell of the structure. The unit cell completely reflects symmetry and structure of entire crystal, which is built up by repetitive translation of unit cell along its principal axes.

[0205] Quasicrystal is a structure that is ordered but not periodic.

[0206] A quasicrystalline pattern can continuously fill all available space, but it lacks translational symmetry. While crystals, according to the classical crystallographic restriction theorem, can possess only two-, three-, four-, and sixfold rotational symmetries, the Bragg diffraction pattern of quasicrystals shows sharp peaks with other symmetry orders— for instance, five-fold.

[0207] Since the original discovery by Dan Shechtman, hundreds of quasicrystals have been reported and confirmed. Quasicrystals are found most often in aluminium alloys (Al— Li— Cu, Al-Mn-Si, Al-Ni-Co, Al-Pd-Mn, Al-Cu-Fe, Al-Cu-V, etc.), but numerous other compositions are also known (Cd-Yb, Ti-Zr-Ni, Zn-Mg-Ho, Zn- Mg-Sc, In-Ag-Yb, Pd-U-Si, etc.).

[0053]

[0208] Two types of quasicrystals are known. The first type, polygonal (dihedral) quasicrystals, have an axis of 8-, 10-, or 12-fold local symmetry (octagonal, decagonal, or dodecagonal quasicrystals, respectively). They are periodic along this axis and quasiperiodic in planes normal to it. The second type, icosahedral quasicrystals, are aperiodic in all directions. Icosahedral quasicrystals have a three- dimensional quasiperiodic structure and possess fifteen 2-fold, ten 3-fold and six 5- fold axes in accordance with their icosahedral symmetry. Stable quasicrystals grown by slow cooling or casting with subsequent annealing, metastable quasicrystals prepared by melt spinning, and metastable quasicrystals formed by the crystallization of the amorphous phase.

[0209] Some quasicrystals have ceramic-like properties including high thermal and electrical resistance, hardness and brittleness, resistance to corrosion, and nonstick properties.

[0210] It has also found out that there are superconducting quasicrystals. Quasicrystals may be used in several ways as disclosed in the following examples. Metallic quasicrystalline coatings can be applied by Thermal spraying or magnetron sputtering. A problem that must be resolved is the tendency for cracking due to the materials' extreme brittleness. The cracking could be suppressed by reducing sample dimensions or coating thickness. Recent studies show typically brittle quasicrystals can exhibit remarkable ductility of over 50% strains at room temperature and sub-micrometer scales (<500 nm). A low-friction quasicrystals as a coating for frying pans. Food did not stick to it as much as to stainless steel making the pan moderately non-stick and easy to clean; heat transfer and durability were better than PTFE non-stick cookware and the pan was free from perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA); the surface was very hard, claimed to be ten times harder than stainless steel, and not harmed by metal utensils or cleaning in a dishwasher; and the pan could withstand temperatures of 1,000 °C without harm. A precipitation-hardened stainless steel is produced that is strengthened by small quasicrystalline particles. It does not corrode and is extremely strong, suitable for razor blades and surgery instruments. The small quasicrystalline particles impede the motion of dislocation in the material. Quasicrystals were also being used to develop heat insulation, LEDs, diesel engines, and new materials that convert heat to electricity. Also, the low coefficient of friction and the hardness of some quasicrystalline materials, for example embedding particles in plastic to make strong, hard-wearing, low-friction plastic gears. The low heat conductivity of some quasicrystals makes them good for heat insulating coatings. One of the special properties of quasicrystals is their smooth surface, which despite the irregular atomic structure, the surface of quasicrystals can be smooth and flat. Other potential applications include selective solar absorbers for power conversion, broadwavelength reflectors, and bone repair and prostheses applications where biocompatibility, low friction and corrosion resistance are required In certain embodiments, the method comprises a step of obtaining a second gaseous composition, the second gaseous composition comprises molecules comprising oxygen atoms or hydrogen atoms.

[0211] - the method comprises a step of obtaining a second liquid composition, the second liquid composition comprises molecules comprising oxygen atoms or hydrogen atoms.

[0212] In certain embodiments, the method is carried out at a temperature up to 30 degrees C or 50 degrees C or 90 degrees C or 120 degrees C; or

[0213] In certain embodiments, the method is carried out at a temperature in the range of 5 degrees C - 30 degrees C.

[0214] In the context of this application, the method is carried out at a certain temperature means that an average temperature of the mixture is the said certain temperature.

[0215] In certain embodiments, the radiation in the step of providing radiation on the bubbles is electromagnetic radiation or acoustic radiation.

[0216] - the radiation in the step of providing radiation on the bubbles comprises any combination of the following electromagnetic radiation: sun light, infrared, visible light and ultraviolet light.

[0217] In certain embodiments, the method comprises a step of increasing water W.

[0218] Figure 2 shows schematically apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0219] The apparatus 100 comprises: a first inlet arrangement 1 arranged to provide the apparatus 100 with the first gaseous composition G, and arranged to form bubbles of the first gaseous composition G, a production vessel 3 arranged to receive the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition G, and a radiation arrangement 4 arranged to provide radiation onto the bubbles of the first gaseous G composition having a decreased diameter.

[0220] The apparatus 100 comprises a liquid inlet arrangement 6 arranged to provide the apparatus 100 with the first liquid composition L.

[0221] In certain embodiments, the apparatus comprises a nano bubble device 2 arranged to decrease a diameter of the bubbles comprising the gaseous composition G and the production vessel 3 is arranged to receive the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition G having the decreased diameter. In certain embodiments, the first inlet arrangement 1 is arranged to provide the bubbles with the catalyst.

[0222] In certain embodiments, the catalyst is provided in the liquid.

[0223] In certain embodiments, the apparatus comprises a catalyst feeding arrangement arranged to provide the apparatus with the catalyst.

[0224] In the context of this application, a catalyst means a composition or a substance or a compound that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.

[0225] In certain embodiments, the radiation arrangement 4 is arranged to irritate light.

[0226] The light may comprise any combination of the following electromagnetic radiation: sun light, infrared, visible light and ultraviolet light. In certain embodiments, the radiation arrangement 4 is arranged to provide acoustic radiation.

[0227] In certain embodiments, the light comprises any combination of the following electromagnetic radiation: sun light, infrared, visible light and ultraviolet light, the radiation arrangement 4 is arranged to provide the production vessel 3 with sun light

[0228] In certain embodiments, the apparatus comprises a gas recycling arrangement 7 arranged to recycle unreacted gas G1 from the production vessel 3 to the nano bubble device 2.

[0229] In certain embodiments, the gas recycling arrangement 7 comprises a gas recycling pump 70.

[0230] In certain embodiments, the gas recycling arrangement 7 comprises a gas recycling pipeline 71, the gas recycling pipeline 71 is arranged to connect a top part 72 of the production vessel 3 to the nano bubble device 2.

[0231] In certain embodiments, the top part 72 of the production vessel 3 comprises only gaseous compositions.

[0232] In certain embodiments, the apparatus comprises a liquid recycling arrangement 5 arranged to recycle liquid LI from the production vessel 3 to the nano bubble device 2.

[0233] In certain embodiments, the liquid recycling arrangement 5 comprises a liquid recycling pipeline 52 arranged to connect the production vessel 3 to the nano bubble device 2, and the liquid recycling arrangement 5 comprises a liquid recycling pump 51 arranged to transfer liquid LI from the production vessel 3 to the nano bubble device 2.

[0234] In certain embodiments, the apparatus 100 comprises a separating arrangement 8 arranged to obtain from the apparatus 100 any combination of the following: a second liquid composition, a second gaseous composition, and a second solid composition.

[0235] In certain embodiments, the separating arrangement 8 comprises any of the following: a gravity settler; a centrifuge; hydrocyclones, e.g., conical, circulating bed; a filter and a floatation device.

[0236] In certain embodiments, the separating arrangement 8 comprises a distillation device.

[0237] Figure 3 shows schematically apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0238] This embodiment differs from the embodiment shown in figure 2 so that the apparatus 100 comprises a vessel inlet arrangement 33 arranged to provide the apparatus 100 with the first solid composition SI.

[0239] It should be noted that the apparatus 100 may be arranged to carry out any above disclosed embodiment of the method.

[0240] The figure 4 shows one embodiment of a nano bubble device.

[0241] In this embodiment, the nano bubble device 2 bases on a pressurized dissolution method. Liquid is pumped into the unit under pressure. By narrowing the diameter of the pipe, the speed of the incoming liquid flow is increased, which converts most of the pump pressure into dynamic pressure, thus reducing static pressure and air being suctioned through negative pressure. After the liquid and suctioned gas become saturated with bubbles, the I iq uid / gas flow is sent through a wider pipe to reduce the speed of the flow, where dynamic pressure is converted back to static pressure and the process of pressurized dissolution of gas takes place. After the gas is completely dissolved into the liquid, the liquid / gas is ejected at once using atmospheric pressure, causing the liquid to become over-saturated, and massive ultra-fine nanobubbles are released. A nano bubble device 2 shown in figure 4 may be incorporated with embodiments shown in figures 2 and 3.

[0242] It is to be understood that the above description and the accompanying Figures are only intended to teach the best way known to the inventors to make and use the invention. It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways. The abovedescribed embodiments of the invention may thus be modified or varied, without departing from the invention, as appreciated by those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that the invention and its embodiments are not limited to the examples described above but may vary within the scope of the claims.

Claims

Claims1. A method for producing a composition, characterized in that the method comprises:- providing a first liquid composition (LI), a first gaseous composition (G), and a first solid composition (SI),- producing a first mixture comprising the first solid composition (SI), the first liquid composition (LI) and bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition (G),- providing radiation on the bubbles, and- obtaining any combination of the following: a second liquid composition (L2), a second gaseous composition (G2), and a second solid composition (S2).

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that:- the first gaseous composition (G) comprises molecules comprising carbon atoms; or- the first gaseous composition (G) comprises gaseous alkane; or- the first gaseous composition (G) comprises or consists of methane or carbon dioxide; or- the first gaseous composition (G) comprises a waste gas.

3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:- the first liquid composition (LI) comprises water.

4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that:- the first mixture comprises a catalyst.

5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the method comprises:- a step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition (G); or- a step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles carried out with a nano bubble device (2) providing bubbles having a diameter less than 100 nm or less than 180 nm; or- a step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles carried out with a nano bubble device (2) comprising any one of the following: pressurized dissolution device, a rotational flow device, a turbulent static mixer, an ejector nozzle and an ultrasonic device and venturi device; or- a step of decreasing diameter of the bubbles carried out with a nano bubble device (2) comprising any one of the following: pressurized dissolution device, a rotational flow device, a turbulent static mixer, an ejector nozzle and an ultrasonic device or venturi device, and the nano bubble device (2) providing bubbles having a diameter less than 100 nm or less than 180 nm.

6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that:- the method comprises a step of decomposing a substance of the first gaseous composition (G), and the second solid composition (S2) comprises molecules of the decomposed first gaseous composition (G); or- the method comprises decomposing a substance of the first gaseous composition (G), and the method comprises obtaining a third solid composition (S3) comprising molecules of the decomposed first gaseous composition (G); or- the method comprises decomposing a substance of the first gaseous composition (G), and the method comprises obtaining a third solid composition (S3) comprising carbon molecules of the decomposed first gaseous composition (G).

7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that:- the method comprises composing a second solid composition (S2) with cavitation; or- the second solid composition (S2) being a crystal or a metallic crystal or quasicrystal; or- the method comprises a step of obtaining a second gaseous composition (G2), the second gaseous composition (G2) comprises molecules comprising oxygen atoms or hydrogen atoms; or- the method comprises a step of obtaining a second liquid composition (L2), the second liquid composition (L2) comprises molecules comprising oxygen atoms or hydrogen atoms.

8. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that:- the method is carried out at a temperature up to 30 degrees C or 50 degrees C or 90 degrees C or 120 degrees C; or- the method is carried out at a temperature in the range of 5 degrees C - 30 degrees C.

9. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that:- the radiation in the step of providing radiation on the bubbles is electromagnetic radiation or acoustic radiation; or- the radiation in the step of providing radiation on the bubbles comprises any combination of the following electromagnetic radiation: sun light, infrared, visible light and ultraviolet light.

10. Apparatus (100) for producing a composition, characterized in that the apparatus comprises:- a first inlet arrangement (1) arranged to provide the apparatus (100) with the first gaseous composition (G), and arranged to form bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition (G),- a production vessel (3) arranged to receive the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition (G), and- a radiation arrangement (4) arranged to provide radiation.

11. Apparatus (100) according to claim 10, characterized in that:- the apparatus comprises a nano bubble device (2) arranged to decrease a diameter of the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition (G); or- the apparatus comprises a nano bubble device (2) arranged to decrease a diameter of the bubbles comprising the first gaseous composition (G), and the radiation arrangement (4) is arranged to provide radiation on the bubbles having the decreased diameter.

12. Apparatus (100) according to claim 11, characterized in that:- a first inlet arrangement (1) is arranged to provide the bubbles with the catalyst; or- the catalyst is provided in the liquid (L); or- the apparatus comprises a catalyst feeding arrangement arranged to provide the apparatus with the catalyst.

13. Apparatus (100) according to any one of claim 10 to 12, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that:- the radiation arrangement (4) is arranged to irritate light; or- the radiation arrangement (4) is arranged to provide acoustic radiation; or- the radiation arrangement (4) is arranged to provide the production vessel (3) with sun light.

14. Apparatus (100) according to any one of claims 10 to 13, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that:- the apparatus comprises a gas recycling arrangement (7) arranged to recycle unreacted gas (Gl) from the production vessel (3) to the nano bubble device (2); or- the apparatus comprises a liquid recycling arrangement (5) arranged to recycle liquid (LI) from the production vessel (3) to the nano bubble device (2); or- the apparatus comprises a gas recycling arrangement (7) arranged to recycle unreacted gas (Gl) from the production vessel (3) to the nano bubble device (2), and a liquid recycling arrangement (5) arranged to recycle liquid (LI) from the production vessel (3) to the nano bubble device (2).

15. Apparatus (100) according to any one of claims 10 to 14, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that:- the apparatus comprises a separating arrangement (8) arranged to obtain from the apparatus (100) any combination of the following: a second liquid composition (L2), a second gaseous composition (G2), and a second solid composition (S2).

16. Apparatus (100) according to any one of claims 10 to 15, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that:- the apparatus (100) is arranged to carry out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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