Compositions and methods to enhance crop yield and plant health

Abstract

The present invention relates to compositions comprising a pigment or dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and as well as methods using these compositions to enhance crop yield and plant health.

Description

[0001] Compositions and Methods to enhance crop yield and plant health.

[0002] Field of the Invention

[0003] The present invention relates to compositions comprising a pigment or dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and as well as methods using these compositions to enhance crop yield and plant health.

[0004] Background of the Invention

[0005] Plants rely on harvesting light via photosynthesis to grow, they are sessile and cannot control the timing, amount and electromagnetic spectrum of the light they are exposed to. Plants can use only parts of the electromagnetic spectrum they are exposed to for photosynthesis but are necessarily also exposed to parts of the electromagnetic spectrum which can harm them. For example, plants can suffer from sunburn. Plant-related sunburn, also called sun-scorching, involves damage to tissue, caused by UV-radiation. Also infrared radiation represents a threat to plants and can contribute to heat stress, which adversely affects several basic physiological processes of plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, and water metabolism. In addition to these effects, plant tissues suffering from sun-scorching or heat stress are vulnerable to be infected by plant pathogenic fungi or bacteria.

[0006] Several methods have been employed to reduce harmful effects caused by excess exposure of plants to UV- or infrared-light. For example, WO2010115720 and WO2010115721 disclose that compositions comprising UV-filters can be employed to protect plants from sunburn and are even useful to protect plants from fungal attack. KR102331455 of a dye that can absorb nearinfrared rays with 700~1,200 nm absorption wavelength for protection against sunburn and heat stress. Plants have also to balance the exposure to the light spectrum which they can use for photosynthesis. To much of this radiation can overload and damage the photosynthetic apparatus inside the plant cells. Accordingly, plants have to constantly adapt their photosynthetic activity to their environmental conditions in order to obtain maximum light yield on the one hand but avoid being harmed by too much light on the other hand. Plant can react to short time effects, like shade effects by moving clouds or moving leaves and branches, with physiological adaptations or can react to long term effects with anatomical changes, like the development of shade and sun leaves.

[0007] However, these short- and long-term reactions of plants have their limitations, so that there is a still need for methods to reduce negative effects from excess light exposure. It has been found that nitrogen-bearing macrocyclic compound pigments of the phthalocyanine type can improve the quality and yield of different plants. W09632010 and WO9632011 disclose that compositions comprising monoester salts of phosphorous acid and pigments of the phthalocyanine type, in particular copper phthalocyanines, can enhance the quality of turfgrass. US20100291229, W02009126370, CA2702350, W02010132169, WO2012162844, WO2012162846 disclose that these phthalocyanine pigments can successfully combined with fungicides and plant growth regulators of different types. OA2698279 and US20110250288 disclose the use of malachite green dyes in combination with certain fungicides can be used to control fungal diseases in turf grasses. W0201367103 discloses composition comprising an antioxidant, a radiation manager and a plant strengthener or a plant growth regulator. The radiation manager is a colorant that screens UV and high energy visible blue light. Phthalocyanine pigments are listed as potential radiation manager. These compositions may be used in methods for improving one or more of plant quality, density, color, or plant cell turgidity, especially under conditions of reduced water irrigation. WO2013181738 describes compositions for promoting the health of a plant comprising a paraffinic oil, an emulsifier, a pigment, a silicone surfactant, and an anti-settling agent. The pigment is preferably a phthalocyanine. WO201581441 discloses that a combination of a paraffinic oil and copper phthalocyanine pigment, applied during terminal drought of wheat (e.g., after flowering), prevent or reduce damage and loss of yield associated with drought stress, and an increase in protein content, while the paraffinic oil and the copper phthalocyanine pigment, when applied alone, are not capable to provide this effect.

[0008] WO201933216, W02019210403, W02020150831, WO2020163964, WO2020163965 disclose that further nitrogen-bearing macrocyclic compound pigments selected from porphyrins and reduced porphyrins in combination with chelating agents or oil can also be used in methods to improve plant health and protect plants from different kinds of abiotic stress. Preferred porphyrins and reduced porphyrins are compounds selected from protoporphyrin IX derivatives and modified chlorin e6 compounds.

[0009] It has now been found that pigments and dyes are best applied at specific point in times during the cultivation of crop plants and that further groups of dyes are suitable to be used in methods to improve crop yield and / or plant health.

[0010] Figure 1 depicts absorption spectra of several compounds measured according to the method described in Example 1. Alizarincyaningrun is a different name for Acid Green 25 (CAS 4403- 90-1), Iragnon Blue ABL9 is a different name for Acid Blue 9 (CAS 3844-45-9), Oracet Green 810 is a different name for Solvent Green 3 (CAS 128-80-3), Patent blue V was used as Patent blue V Ca-salt (CAS 3536-49-0) Figure 2

[0011] Figure 2 depicts absorption spectra of several compounds measured according to the method described in Example 1 . Iragnon Blue ABL9 is a different name for Acid Blue 9 (CAS 3844-45- 9), Patent blue V was used as Patent blue V Ca-salt (CAS 3536-49-0), Puricolor Green U3 is a different name for Pigmosol AGRO Green (CAS 2353-45-9), Malachite Green Hydrochloride has the CAS No. 569-64-2.

[0012] Description of the invention

[0013] The invention comprises methods for improving crop yield or plant health by treating plants with an effective amount of at least one pigment or dye, wherein the at least one pigment or dye has an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 820 nm, preferably an upper quarter value not above 710 nm.

[0014] As used herein, "crop yield" refers to the amount of agricultural production harvested per unit of land. Crop yield can be any of total harvested biomass per area, total harvested grain mass per area and total harvested seed mass per area. Crop yield is measured by any unit, for example metric ton per hectare or bushels per acre. Crop yield is preferably adjusted for moisture of harvested material, wherein moisture is measured at harvest in the harvested biomass, grain or seed, respectively. For example, moisture of soybean seed is preferably 15%. An improved crop yield is measured in comparison to the crop yield obtained by a control crop. The control crop is a crop lacking the application of the at least one dye or pigment but is otherwise cultivated under identical conditions. The control crop is of the same species and variety than the crop which is compared for improved crop yield.

[0015] Crop yield is determined by the yield obtained from an ensemble of plants, preferably an ensemble of at least 1000 plants, preferably wherein the plants are cultivated on a field. More preferred the crop yield is determined according to the accepted methods used for determination of yield of a given crop plant during plant breeding and variety testing of a given crop. Most preferably the crop yield of a monoculture field of at least 1 ha of the crop and a monoculture field of at least 1 ha of the control crop is determined, respectively.

[0016] According to the invention the crop yield is preferably one or more of biomass, grain mass, seed mass, protein content, oil content, sugar content. Crop yield for crops, like wheat, barley, rye, oat, rice, corn, canola, rape seed and soybeans is preferably measured as grain yield per ha or bushels per acre. Crop yield for potatoes is preferably measured as yield of potato tubers per ha.

[0017] The crop is preferably grown under low pathogen pressure. For describing the present invention the term “low pathogen pressure” denotes the normal pathogen pressure of an average growth season at the respective location. When pathogen pressure is higher than such low pathogen pressure, it is preferred to treat the plants with a fungicide to keep the number of visible lesions below half of what is observed in a non-fungicide treated control plant. However, it is an advantage of the present invention that yield can also be increased under higher pathogen pressure, in particular if a composition comprising a pigment or dye and at least one fungicide or insecticide is used. In this case the control crop is treated with the same fungicide or insecticide in the same amount as in the crop to be tested for improved crop yield.

[0018] The term "plant health" is to be understood to denote a condition of the plant and / or its products which is determined by several indicators alone or in combination with each other, such as improved plant growth and / or greener leaves (“greening effect”)) and / or tolerance to abiotic stress and / or biotic stress in comparison to control crop.

[0019] The term "improved plant growth" as used herein is intended to refer to the larger weight of a plant or plant part in comparison to a control plant or the same plant part of a control plant. Total weight can be measured as dry weight, fresh weight or wet weight.

[0020] The effect of greener leaves can be determined by comparing the greenness index of the plant to be tested and a control plant. The "greenness index" as used herein is calculated from digital images of plants. For each pixel belonging to the plant object on the image, the ratio of the green value versus the red value (in the RGB model for encoding color) is calculated. The greenness index is expressed as the percentage of pixels for which the green-to-red ratio exceeds a given threshold. Under normal growth conditions, under salt stress growth conditions, and under reduced nutrient availability growth conditions, the greenness index of plants is measured in the last imaging before flowering. In contrast, under drought stress growth conditions, the greenness index of plants is measured in the first imaging after drought.

[0021] Plants typically respond to exposure to stress by growing more slowly. In conditions of severe stress, the plant may even stop growing altogether. Mild stress on the other hand is defined herein as being any stress to which a plant is exposed which does not result in the plant ceasing to grow altogether without the capacity to resume growth. Mild stress in the sense of the invention leads to a reduction in the growth of the stressed plants of less than 40%, 35%, 30% or 25%, more preferably less than 20% or 15% in comparison to the control plant under non-stress conditions. A plant or a crop shows tolerance to abiotic and / or biotic stress, if the reduction in the growth of this plant or crop is less than 15%, or 20%, preferably less than 25% or 30%, more preferably less than 35% or 40% in comparison to the control plant under the same stress conditions.

[0022] The choice of suitable control plants is a routine part of an experimental setup known in the art. The control plant is typically of the same plant species, preferably of the same variety as the plant to be assessed. Further, a control plant has been grown under equal growing conditions to the growing conditions of the plants to be tested. Typically, it is grown in the vicinity of the plants to be tested and at the same time. A "control plant" as used herein refers not only to whole plants, but also to plant parts, including seeds and seed parts.

[0023] The term "effective amount" denotes an amount of the at least one pigment or dye, which is sufficient for achieving improved crop yield and / or the plant health effects as defined herein below. More exemplary information about amounts, ways of application and suitable ratios to be used is given below. Anyway, the skilled artisan is well aware of the fact that such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, e.g. the treated cultivated plant or material and the climatic conditions.

[0024] The “maximum of the absorption peak” of the pigment or dye is the nm-value of the respective wavelength of the absorption spectrum of the pigment or dye showing the highest absorption of the absorption spectrum. The absorption spectrum of a pigment or dye is preferably measured according to the method described in Example 1.

[0025] The “lower quarter value” is the nm value of the respective wavelength of the absorption spectrum in which the absorption peak comprising the absorption maximum has a quarter of the value of the maximum absorption on the side with the lower wavelength values (nm).

[0026] The “upper quarter value” is the nm value of the respective wavelength of the absorption spectrum in which the absorption peak comprising the absorption maximum has a quarter of the value of the maximum absorption on the side with the higher wavelength values (nm).

[0027] The terms in the singular and the singular forms like "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Also as used herein, the word "comprising" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.

[0028] The term "and / or" refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, as well as the lack of combinations when interpreted in the alternative ("or"). The term "comprising" also encompasses the term "consisting of".

[0029] The term "about", when used in reference to a measurable value, for example an amount of mass, dose, time, temperature, sequence identity and the like, refers to a variation of ± 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 15% or even 20% of the specified value as well as the specified value. Thus, if a given composition is described as comprising "about 50% X," it is to be understood that, in some embodiments, the composition comprises 50% X whilst in other embodiments it may comprise anywhere from 40% to 60% X (i.e., 50% ± 10%).

[0030] The methods for improving crop yield or plant health by treating plants with an effective amount of at least one pigment or dye, wherein the at least one pigment or dye has an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 820 nm, preferably an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, are preferably performed in a way to treat at least the upper, more sun exposed parts of the plants, like the flag leaves of cereals.

[0031] The application rate of the pigment or dye may be between 10 and 400 gram per ha, preferably between 15 and 300 gram per ha, more preferred between 20 and 250 gram per ha, and most preferred between 30 and 200 gram per ha. In case more than one pigment or dye is used, the application rate refers to the combined amounts of the pigments or dyes used.

[0032] In one embodiment the plants to be treated with the pigment or dye are grown from hybrid seeds. In one embodiment the plants grown from hybrid seeds, are selected from wheat, barley, rye, triticale, sorghum, corn, soybean, canola, rape seed and sugar beet. In one embodiment, the plants grown from hybrid seed are wheat plants. In one embodiment, the plants grown from hybrid seed are corn plants. In one embodiment, the plants grown from hybrid seed are soybean plants.

[0033] Preferably the treatment is performed at a growth stage shortly before flowering or at end of flowering, preferably shortly before flowering or in early flowering, of the crop plants and preferably performed on at least the upper, more sun exposed parts of the crop plants.

[0034] In one variant of the method, the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, preferably wheat, and the pigment or dye is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 69, preferably at a growth stage of 39 to 59 and more preferred at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 51.

[0035] In a further variant, the plants of the crop are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, preferably wheat, and the pigment or dye is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 69, preferably once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 59, more preferred once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 47or 51 , and most preferred once at the growth stage of BBCH 31 to 32 and once at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 51.

[0036] In one variant of the method, the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, preferably wheat, and the pigment or dye is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 53, preferably at a growth stage of 39 to 49 and more preferred at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 48.

[0037] In a further variant, the plants of the crop are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, preferably wheat, and the pigment or dye is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 53, preferably once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 49, more preferred once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 47or 48, and most preferred once at the growth stage of BBCH 31 to 32 and once at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 48.

[0038] Several scales of growth stages are used to accurately identify the development of different crop plants. However, all plants in a given field will not be in the same stage at the same time. When defining the growth stage of a certain crop, a specific growth stage is defined only when 50 percent or more of the plants in the field are in or beyond that stage.

[0039] The BBCH-scale uses a decimal code system, which is divided into principal and secondary growth stages, and is based on the cereal code system. The abbreviation BBCH derives from the names of the originally participating stakeholders: "Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und CHemische Industrie" (Meier, U. (2001). "Growth stages of mono- and dicotyledonous plants". BBCH Monograph. doi:10.5073 / bbch0515).

[0040] Table 1 : Selected growth stages of the BBCH Scale for cereals:

[0041] Alternative scales of growth stages to the BBCH-scale for cereals are the Zakoks and the Feekes scale. The description of the different stages of the BBCH-scale and the Zakoks and Feekes scale allow to determine, which growth stage of the BBCH scale is equivalent to a growth stage of the Zakoks and Feekes scale. The Zadoks scale developed by Jan Zadoks published in Zadoks, J.C.; T.T. Chang; C.F. Konzak (1974). "A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals". Weed Research. 14 (6): 415- 421.

[0042] Table 2: Selected growth stages of the Zadok Scale:

[0043] The Feekes Scale developed by the Dutch agronomists Willem Feekes, published in Feekes, Wil-lem (1941). "De tarwe en haar milieu [Wheat and its environment]" Verslagenvan de Tech- nische Tarwe Commissie. 17 : 523-888 and in Large, E. C. (1 December 1954). "GROWTH STAGES IN CEREALS ILLUSTRATION OFTHE FEEKES SCALE". Plant Pathology 3(4): 128- 129. doi:10.1111 / j.1365-3059.1954. tb00716.x (https: / / doi.org / 10.1111%2Fi.1365- 3059.1954. tb00716.x).

[0044] Table 3: Selected growth stages of the Feekes Scale:

[0045] In a further variant, the plants are soybean plants and the pigment or dye is is applied at one or- more growth stages of R1 to R6, preferably at one or more growth stages of R3 to R5 and most preferred when the growth stage is R3. The growth stages of soybean are generally divided in vegetative (V-stages) and reproductive (R-stages).

[0046] The reproductive growth stages are usually described as in the following table.

[0047] The growth stages of corn are are generally divided in vegetative (V-stages) and reproductive (R-stages). Important growth stages are:

[0048] V8 8 leaf collars are present

[0049] V9 9 leaf collars are present

[0050] V10 10 leaf collars are present

[0051] V11 11 leaf collars are present

[0052] VT lowest branch of the tassel is visible

[0053] R1 one or more silks extends outside of husk leaves

[0054] In a further variant, the plants are corn plants and the pigment or dye is applied at one or more growth stages of V8 to R1 , preferably at one or more growth stages of V10 to VT.

[0055] The positive effects of the application of pigments or dyes on plants to improve crop yield or plant health can be used to create new breeding methods. Accordingly, one part of the invention is a method for breeding hybrid plants, comprising: a) providing an inbred maternal line b) providing an inbred paternal line c) growing the lines of a) and b) sufficiently close to each other to allow for pollination of the plants of the line of a) by pollen of the plants of the line of b) and treating at least the plants of the line of a) with a foliar application of a pigment or dye comprising composition, and d) harvesting the seeds of the plants of the line of a), wherein the composition comprises at least one pigment or dye having an absorption peak with a maximum be-tween 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 820 nm, preferably an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, when solved or dispersed in the composition. In a variant of this method, the plants of the line of a) and the plants of the line of b) are treated with a pigment or dye comprising composition.

[0056] The term "hybrid" means a progeny of mating between at least two genetically dissimilar parents or inbreds.

[0057] The term "inbred" refers to a plant line that has been bred for genetic homogeneity.

[0058] The term "parent" refers to a member of a parental line which, when crossed with another parent, produces seed that can be used to generate a set of offspring plants, which can be referred to as the first filial (F1) generation. A "parent" can be a male or female parent used to produce the seed or offspring.

[0059] As used herein, a "maternal" plant or plant line refers to a plant or plant line that comprises one or more female reproductive structures that are capable of producing seed. In an aspect, a female plant is male sterile. In another aspect, a female plant is made male sterile by removing the male reproductive organs, e.g. detasseled in the case of corn. In an aspect, the male reproductive organs or flowers of a female plant are chemically sterilized (e.g., by application of an herbicide to plants lacking tolerance to the herbicide in those male reproductive organs or by application of a chemical hybridization agent (CHA), such as sintofen. In another aspect, the male reproductive organs of a female plant are sterilized due to cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) or nuclear male sterility, causing plants to become male sterile. It is appreciated in the art that a monoecious plant and can be considered both a male corn plant and a female corn plant. In an aspect, a female plant is capable of producing pollen. For purposes of the present disclosure, a plant having one or more male reproductive organ or structures and / or capable of producing pollen, is considered a "female" plant if used to generate seeds for production and harvest. A corn plant lacking a male reproductive organ or structure, having a sterilized male reproductive organ or structure, and / or incapable of producing pollen, is also considered a "female" plant if used to generate seed for production and harvest. A "female" plant may include any pollen-receiving plant that produces female reproductive organ, which can receive pollen from a pollenbearing plant.

[0060] As used herein, a "paternal" plant or plant line refers to a plant that is capable of producing pollen and is used to pollinate and / or fertilize one or more maternal plant(s) for seed production and harvest, even if the paternal plant further has female reproductive structure(s) that is / are capable of producing seed, which may or may not be harvested. A "paternal" plant may include any pollen bearing (or pollen-producing) plant, which can provide its pollen to a pollen-receiving corn plant.

[0061] Further useful methods for plant breeding which are enabled via the application of pigments or dyes are methods to select parental inbred lines which are either particular benefit from the application of pigments or dyes or which are less dependent on the application of pigments or dyes.

[0062] Accordingly, the invention comprises methods for selecting parental inbred plant lines for the production of hybrid plants, comprising: a) providing a plurality of inbred parental plant lines, b) testing the paternal plant lines of a) for pigment or dye mediated yield effects, by growing the parental plant lines b1) ones without foliar treatment with a pigment or dye comprising composition and b2) ones with a foliar treatment with a pigment or dye comprising composition, wherein the growth conditions of b1) and b2) are identical or very similar, c) harvesting the seeds of the plant lines of b1) and plant lines of b2) d) identifying those plant lines which show an enhanced yield effect in b2) compared to b1), e) selecting a line showing a high improved yield effect in b2) as maternal or paternal line, f) growing the line selected in e) and crossing this line with another line, preferably crossing this line with a plant line also showing an improved yield effect when treated with a pigment or dye, to produce a hybrid seed and g) harvesting the seed of the maternal line used in f) wherein the composition comprises at least one pigment or dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 820 nm, preferably an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, when solved or dispersed in the composition.

[0063] Accordingly, the invention comprises methods for selecting parental inbred plant lines for the production of hybrid plants, comprising: a) providing a plurality of inbred parental plant lines, b) testing the paternal plant lines of a) for pigment or dye mediated yield effects, by growing the parental plant lines b1) ones without foliar treatment with a pigment or dye comprising composition and b2) ones with a foliar treatment with a pigment or dye comprising composition, wherein the growth conditions of b1) and b2) are identical or very similar, c) identifying those plant lines which show an enhanced yield effect in b2) compared to b1), and e) selecting a line showing a high improved yield effect in b2) as maternal or paternal line, wherein the composition comprises at least one pigment or dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 820 nm, preferably an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, when solved or dispersed in the composition.

[0064] In one embodiment, two different plant lines with a high improved yield effect are selected, wherein one is selected as material and one as paternal line.

[0065] The invention provides also for methods for selecting parental inbred plant lines for the production of hybrid plants, comprising: a) providing a plurality of inbred parental plant lines b) testing the parental plant lines of a) for pigment or dye mediated yield effects, by growing the parental plant lines b1) ones without foliar treatment with a pigment or dye comprising composition and b2) ones with foliar treatment with a pigment or dye comprising composition, wherein the growth conditions of b1) and b2) are identical or very similar, c) harvesting the seeds of the plant lines of b1) and plant lines of b2) d) identifying those plant lines which show an enhanced yield effect in b2) compared to b1), e) selecting a plant line showing a low or no enhanced yield effect in b2) but having a comparatively high yield in b1), as maternal or paternal line, f) growing the plant line selected in e) and crossing this line with another line, preferably crossing with a plant line showing also a low or no enhanced yield effect but having a comparatively high yield in b1), to produce a hybrid seed, g) harvesting the seed of the maternal line used in f) wherein the composition comprises at least one pigment or dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 820 nm, preferably an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, when solved or dispersed in the composition. In variants of the methods for selecting parental inbred plant lines the plant line selected in step e) is used as paternal plant line in step f), or the plant line selected in step e) is used as maternal plant line in step f).

[0066] Accordingly, the invention comprises methods for selecting parental inbred plant lines for the production of hybrid plants, comprising: a) providing a plurality of inbred parental plant lines, b) testing the paternal plant lines of a) for pigment or dye mediated yield effects, by growing the parental plant lines b1) ones without foliar treatment with a pigment or dye comprising composition and b2) ones with a foliar treatment with a pigment or dye comprising composition, wherein the growth conditions of b1) and b2) are identical or very similar, c) identifying those plant lines which show a low yield effect in b2) compared to b 1 ) , and e) selecting a line showing a low improved yield effect in b2) as maternal or paternal line, wherein the composition comprises at least one pigment or dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 820 nm, preferably an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, when solved or dispersed in the composition.

[0067] In one embodiment, two different plant lines with a low or no enhanced yield effect are selected, wherein one is selected as material and one as paternal line.

[0068] The term "plurality" in reference to an item means two or more of such items. For example, a "plurality of plant lines" means two or more plant lines.

[0069] The invention comprises also a method for growing parental lines for hybrid plants, comprising: a) providing an inbred maternal line b) providing an inbred paternal line c) sowing seeds of said maternal line and seeds of said paternal line in a field, and d) treating at least the plants of the line of a) with a foliar application of a pigment or dye comprising composition, wherein the composition comprises at least one pigment or dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 820 nm, preferably an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, when solved or dispersed in the composition.

[0070] In one embodiment the plants of the line of a) and the plants of the line of b) are treated with a pigment or dye comprising composition.

[0071] A further method is a method for selecting parental inbred plant lines for the production of hybrid plants, comprising: a) providing a plurality of inbred parental plant lines, b) testing the paternal plant lines of a) for pigment or dye mediated improved plant growth and / or greener leaves and / or tolerance to abiotic stress and / or biotic stress, by growing the parental plant lines b1) ones without foliar treatment with a pigment or dye comprising composition and b2) ones with a foliar treatment with a pigment or dye comprising composition, wherein the growth conditions of b1) and b2) are identical or very similar, c) identifying those plant lines which show improved plant growth and / or greener leaves and / or tolerance to abiotic stress and / or biotic stress in b2) compared to b1), d) selecting a line showing high improved plant growth and / or greener leaves and / or tolerance to abiotic stress and / or biotic stress in b2) as maternal or paternal line, wherein the composition comprises at least one pigment or dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 820 nm, preferably an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, when solved or dispersed in the composition.

[0072] Another method is a method for selecting parental inbred plant lines for the production of hybrid plants, comprising: a) providing a plurality of inbred parental plant lines b) testing the parental plant lines of a) for pigment or dye mediated improved plant growth and / or greener leaves and / or tolerance to abiotic stress and / or biotic stress, by growing the parental plant lines b1) ones without foliar treatment with a pigment or dye comprising composition and b2) ones with foliar treatment with a pigment or dye comprising composition, wherein the growth conditions of b1) and b2) are identical or very similar, c) identifying those plant lines which show high improved plant growth and / or greener leaves and / or tolerance to abiotic stress and / or biotic stress in b2) compared to b1), d) selecting a plant line showing a low or no improved plant growth and / or greener leaves and / or tolerance to abiotic stress and / or biotic stress in b2) but having a comparatively high improved plant growth and / or green leaves and / or tolerance to abiotic stress and / or biotic stress in b1), as maternal or paternal line, wherein the composition comprises at least one pigment or dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 820 nm, preferably an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, when solved or dispersed in the composition.

[0073] The methods for improving crop yield or plant health, the methods for breeding hybrid plants and the methods for selecting parental inbred plant lines use preferably at least one pigment or dye on the upper, more sun exposed parts of the plants, like the flag leaves of cereals.

[0074] The application rate of the pigment or dye may be between 10 and 400 gram per ha, preferably between 15 and 300 gram per ha, more preferred between 20 and 250 gram per ha, and most preferred between 30 and 200 gram per ha. In case more than one pigment or dye is used, the application rate refers to the combined amounts of the pigments or dyes used.

[0075] Preferably the treatment is performed at a growth stage shortly before flowering or in early flowering of the crop plants and preferably performed on at least the upper, more sun exposed parts of the crop plants. In one embodiment, the treatment with the pigment or dye of the invention is performed before anthesis or flowering or before pollen release in the crop, in the methods or uses of the current invention - such as before BBCH stage 61.

[0076] In one variant of the method, the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, preferably wheat, and the pigment or dye is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 69, preferably at a growth stage of 39 to 59 and more preferred at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 51.

[0077] In a further variant, the plants of the crop are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, preferably wheat, and the pigment or dye is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 69, preferably once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 59, more preferred once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 47or 51 , and most preferred once at the growth stage of BBCH 31 to 32 and once at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 51.

[0078] In one variant of the method, the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, preferably wheat, and the pigment or dye is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 53, preferably at a growth stage of 39 to 49 and more preferred at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 48.

[0079] In a further variant, the plants of the crop are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, preferably wheat, and the pigment or dye is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 53, preferably once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 49, more preferred once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 47or 48, and most preferred once at the growth stage of BBCH 31 to 32 and once at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 48.

[0080] In a further variant, the plants are soybean plants and the pigment or dye is applied at one or more growth stages of R1 to R6, preferably at one or more growth stages of R3 to R5 and most preferred when the growth stage is R3,

[0081] In another variant, the plants are corn plants and the pigment or dye is applied at one or more growth stages of V8 to R1 , preferably at one or more growth stages of V10 to VT.

[0082] The methods for improving crop yield or plant health, the methods for breeding hybrid plants and the methods for selecting parental inbred plant lines use preferably at least one pigment or dye which has: a) an absorption peak with a maximum between 600 nm and 660 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 510 nm and an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, and preferably having a lower half value between 550 and 610 and an upper half value between 630 and 690, or b) an absorption peak with a maximum between 560 nm and 600 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 680 nm, and preferably having a lower half value between 500 and 520 and an upper half value between 640 and 660, or c) or mixtures of at least one pigment or dye selected from a) and at least one pigment or dye selected from b).

[0083] In variants of these methods at least one pigment or dye is selected from the following groups: a) an anthracenedione dye or pigment, preferably selected from: Solvent Green 3 (CAS 128-80- 3) 1 ,4-bis[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione, Quinizarin Blue (CAS 81-48-1) 1-hy- droxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione, Alizarin Cyanine Green G (CAS 3443- 90-1) 2,2'-[(9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-1 ,4-anthracenediyl)diimino]bis[5-methyl-benzenesulfonic acid, Solvent Blue 35 (CAS 17354-14-2) 1 ,4-bis(butylamino)-9,10-anthracenedione, Solvent Blue 90 (CAS 81-48-1) 1-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-Anthracenedione, Solvent Blue 36 (CAS 14233-37-5) 1 ,4-bis[(1-methylethyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione and Solvent Blue 78 (CAS 2475-44-7) 1 ,4-Bis(methylamino)-9,10-anthracenedione, and Solvent Blue 63 (CAS 6408-50-0) 1-(Methylamino)-4-[(3-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione , or b) nonhalogenated or halogenated copper phthalocyanine dye or pigment, preferably selected from Pigment Green 7 (CAS 1328-53-6 and CAS 1328-45-6), Pigment Green 36 (CAS 14302- 13-7) and Phthalocyanine Blue BN (CAS 147-14-8), or c) a triarylmethane dye, preferably selected from Patent Blue V (CAS 25305-77-5) Ethanaminium, N-[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](5-hydroxy-2,4-disulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien- 1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-, inner salt, or as Ca salt (CAS 3536-49-0) or as Na salt (CAS 20262-76-4), Acid Blue 1 (CAS 116-95-0) Ethanaminium, N-[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](2,4-disul- fophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt or as Na salt (CAS 129-17-9), Acid Green 3 (CAS 6638-02-4) enzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4- [ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl]phenylmethylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3- sulfo-, inner salt, or as Na-salt (CAS 4680-78-8), Acid Green 9 (CAS 25305-97-9) Ben- zenemethanaminium, N-[4-[(2-chlorophenyl)[4-[ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl]meth- ylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-3-sulfo-, inner salt, as Ammonium salt (CAS CAS 2650-18-2) or as Na-salt (CAS 4857-81-2), Acid Blue 9 (CAS 25305-78-6) Benzenemethana- minium, N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl](2-sulfophenyl)methylene]- 2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3-sulfo-, inner salt, or as Na-salt (CAS 3844-45-9), Puricolor Green U3 (CAS 2353-45-9) Benzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)me- thyl]amino]phenyl](4-hydroxy-2-sulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3-sulfo-, inner salt, sodium salt or as inner salt (CAS 25738-40-3) and Acid Blue 7 (CAS 21563-97-3) Benzenemethanaminium, N-[4-[(2,4-disulfophenyl)[4-[ethyl(phenylmethyl)amino]phenyl]meth- ylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-, inner salt, or as Na salt (CAS 3486-30-4), or as Ca salt (CAS 3374-30-9), or d) a macrocyclic tetrapyrrole compound dye or pigment, preferably selected from: pyrroles, pyrrolines, chlorines, bacteriochlorines and isobacteriochlorines, more preferred selected from: copper chlorophyllin, magnesium chlorophyllin, protoporphyrin IX derivatives and modified chlorin e6 compounds, or f) mixtures of at least two pigments or dyes selected from a), b), c) and d).

[0084] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is selected from an anthracenedione dye or pigment, preferably selected from: Solvent Green 3, Quinizarin Blue, Alizarin Cyanine Green G, Solvent Blue 35, Solvent Blue 90, Solvent Blue 36 and Solvent Blue 78, even more preferred, it is selected from Solvent Green 3 and Alizarin Cyanine Green G.

[0085] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is selected from a triarylmethane dye, preferable a triarylmethane dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 600 nm and 660 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 510 nm and an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, and preferably having a lower half value between 550 and 610 and an upper half value between 630 and 690.

[0086] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is selected from a tri aryl methane dye, which is not a malachite green dye, like malachite green monoxalate (CAS 18015-76-4), malachite green chloride oxalate (CAS 129-72-6), leucomalachite green (CAS 129-73-7), malachite green carbinol (CAS 510-13-4), malachite green (CAS 569-64-2), brilliant green (CAS 633-03-4), malachite green oxalate (CAS 2437-29-8), malachite green cation (CAS 10309-95-2), malachite green hydrogen sulfate (CAS 16044-24-9), malachite green monooxalate (CAS 18015-76-4), malachite green acetate (CAS 41272-40-6), malachite green phosphotungstomolydate (CAS 61725-50-6), malachite green phosphomolybdate (CAS 68083-41-0), malachite green phosphotungstate (CAS 68132-90-1), malachite green benzoate (CAS No. 68527-61-7), malachite green phosphomolybdate (CAS 68814-05-1), malachite green carbinol hydrochloride (CAS 123333- 61-9), malachite green chloride (CAS 569-64-2).

[0087] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is selected from a triarylmethane dye comprising one or more sulfonic acid groups and having an absorption peak with a maximum between 600 nm and 660 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 510 nm and an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, and preferably having a lower half value between 550 and 610 and an upper half value between 630 and 690.

[0088] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is selected from Patent Blue V, Acid Blue 1, Acid Green 3, Acid Green 9, Acid Blue 9, Puricolor Green U3, and Acid Blue 7, or one of their salt forms, in particular Na, Ca or ammonium salt forms.

[0089] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is selected from Patent Blue V, Acid Green 9, Acid Blue 9 and Puricolor Green U3, preferably selected from Patent Blue V and Acid Green 9.

[0090] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is Solvent Green 3, Alizarin Cyanine Green G, Patent Blue V or Pigment Green 7, preferably Solvent Green 3, Alizarin Cyanine Green G or Patent Blue V.

[0091] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is Solvent Green 3 or Patent Blue V.

[0092] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is Acid Blue 9.

[0093] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is selected from copper chlorophyllin, magnesium chlorophyllin, protoporphyrin IX derivatives and modified chlorin e6 compounds.

[0094] In some embodiments of the methods for improving crop yield or plant health, or of the methods for breeding hybrid plants, or of the methods for selecting parental inbred plant lines at least one pigment or dye, preferably a anthracenedione dye or pigment, is solved in at least one solvent, preferably a solvent selected from C10 dimethyl amide, C8 / 10 dimethyl amide, C12 dimethyl amide, C6-C10 Methyl caprylate-caprate, C18 methyl canolate ester, C18 methyl oleate ester, C8 Saturated Fatty Alcohol and oleyl-cetyl unsaturated fatty alcohol, preferably at least one solvent is a C10 dimethyl amide.

[0095] In some embodiments of the methods for improving crop yield or plant health, or of the methods for breeding hybrid plants, or of the methods for selecting parental inbred plant lines at least one pigment or dye is solved in at least one solvent selected from Agnique AMD 10 (CAS 14433-76- 2), Agnique AMD 810 (CAS 308062-09-1), Agnique AMD 12 (CAS 3007-53-2), preferably at least one solvent is Agnique AMD 10 (CAS 14433-76-2). In one embodiment the solved pigment or dye is Solvent Green 3 (CAS 128-80-3).

[0096] A further embodiment of the invention is the use of at least one pigment or dye with an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 820 nm, preferably an upper quarter value not above 710 nm for improving crop yield or plant health, or for breeding hybrid plants, or for selecting parental inbred plant lines.

[0097] Preferably the at least one pigment or dye is used at specific growth stages of the crop plants. Preferred growth stages are: a) if the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley or rye, preferably wheat, the pigment or dye is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 69, preferably at a growth stage of 39 to 59 and more preferred at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 51. b) if the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley or rye, preferably wheat, the pigment or dye is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 69, preferably once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 59, more preferred once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 47or 51, and most preferred once at the growth stage of BBCH 31 to 32 and once at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 51 , c) if the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley or rye, preferably wheat, the pigment or dye is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 53, preferably at a growth stage of 39 to 49 and more preferred at the growth stage of BBCH 47or 48, d) if the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley or rye, preferably wheat, the pigment or dye is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 53, preferably once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 49, more preferred once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 47or 48, and most preferred once at the growth stage of BBCH 31 to 32 and once at the growth stage of BBCH 47or 48, or e) if the plants are soybean plants, the at least one pigment or dye is applied at one or more growth stages of R1 to R6, preferably at one or more growth stages of R3 to R5 and most preferred when the growth stage is R3, or f) if the plants are corn plants, the pigment or dye is applied at one or more growth stages of V8 to R1, preferably at one or more growth stages of V10 to VT.

[0098] Preferred pigments or dyes to be used for improving crop yield or plant health, or for breeding hybrid plants, or for selecting parental inbred plant lines are:

[0099] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is selected from an anthracenedione dye or pigment, preferably selected from: Solvent Green 3, Quinizarin Blue, Alizarin Cyanine Green G, Solvent Blue 35, Solvent Blue 90, Solvent Blue 36 and Solvent Blue 78, even more preferred, it is selected from Solvent Green 3 and Alizarin Cyanine Green G.

[0100] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is selected from a tri aryl methane dye, preferable a triarylmethane dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 600 nm and 660 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 510 nm and an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, and preferably having a lower half value between 550 and 610 and an upper half value between 630 and 690.

[0101] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is selected from a tri aryl methane dye, which is not a malachite green dye, like malachite green monoxalate (CAS 18015-76-4), malachite green chloride oxalate (CAS 129-72-6), leucomalachite green (CAS 129-73-7), malachite green carbinol (CAS 510-13-4), malachite green (CAS 569-64-2), brilliant green (CAS 633-03-4), malachite green oxalate (CAS 2437-29-8), malachite green cation (CAS 10309-95-2), malachite green hydrogen sulfate (CAS 16044-24-9), malachite green monooxalate (CAS 18015-76-4), malachite green acetate (CAS 41272-40-6), malachite green phosphotungstomolydate (CAS 61725-50-6), malachite green phosphomolybdate (CAS 68083-41-0), malachite green phosphotungstate (CAS 68132-90-1), malachite green benzoate (CAS No. 68527-61-7), malachite green phosphomolybdate (CAS 68814-05-1), malachite green carbinol hydrochloride (CAS 123333- 61-9), malachite green chloride (CAS 569-64-2).

[0102] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is selected from a triarylmethane dye comprising one or more sulfonic acid groups and having an absorption peak with a maximum between 600 nm and 660 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 510 nm and an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, and preferably having a lower half value between 550 and 610 and an upper half value between 630 and 690.

[0103] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is selected from Patent Blue V, Acid Blue 1, Acid Green 3, Acid Green 9, Acid Blue 9, Puricolor Green U3, and Acid Blue 7, or one of their salt forms, in particular Na, Ca or ammonium salt forms.

[0104] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is selected from Patent Blue V, Acid Green 9, Acid Blue 9 and Puricolor Green U3, preferably selected from Patent Blue V and Acid Green 9.

[0105] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is Solvent Green 3, Alizarin Cyanine Green G, Patent Blue V or Pigment Green 7, preferably Solvent Green 3, Alizarin Cyanine Green G or Patent Blue V.

[0106] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is Solvent Green 3 or Patent Blue V. In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is Acid Blue 9.

[0107] Preferably, the at least one pigment or dye is applied as a spraying liquid prepared from an agrochemical composition, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes, granules, pressings, capsules, and mixtures thereof. Examples for composition types (see also “Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system”, Technical Monograph No. 2, 8thEd. May 2022, CropLife International) are suspensions (e.g. SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (e.g. EC), emulsions (e.g. EW, EO, ES, ME), capsules (e.g. CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (e.g. WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), pressings (e.g. BR, TB, DT), granules (e.g. WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG), insecticidal articles (e.g. LN), as well as gel formulations. The compositions are prepared in a known manner (e.g. Mollet and Grubemann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2000; Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005). The invention also relates to agrochemical compositions comprising an auxiliary and at least one pigment or dye as described above.

[0108] Suitable auxiliaries are solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetters, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesion agents, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, feeding stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti-foaming agents, colorants, tackifiers, and binders. Suitable solvents and liquid carriers are water and organic solvents, such as mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, e.g. kerosene, diesel oil; oils of vegetable or animal origin; aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. toluene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, and alkylated naphthalenes; alcohols, e.g. ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, glycols; DMSO; ketones, e.g. cyclohexanone; esters, e.g. lactates, carbonates, fatty acid esters, gamma-butyrolactone; fatty acids; phosphonates; amines; amides, e.g. A / -methyl pyrrolidone, fatty acid dimethyl amides; and mixtures thereof.

[0109] Suitable surfactants are surface-active compounds, such as anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants, blockpolymers, polyelectrolytes, and mixtures thereof. Such surfactants can be used as emulsifier, dispersant, solubilizer, wetter, penetration enhancer, protective colloid, or adjuvant. Examples of surfactants are listed in McCutcheon’s, Vol.1 : Emulsifiers & Detergents, MC Publishing, USA, 2020 (Int. Ed.; 978-0944254806).

[0110] Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts of sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates, and mixtures thereof. Examples of sulfonates are alkylaryl sulfonates, diphenyl sulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated arylphenols, sulfonates of condensed naphthalenes, sulfonates of dodecyl- and tridecylbenzenes, , sulfosuccinates, or sulfosuccinamates. Examples of sulfates are sulfates of fatty acids, of oils, of ethoxylated alkylphenols, of alcohols, of ethoxylated alcohols, or of fatty acid esters. Examples of phosphates are phosphate esters. Examples of carboxylates are alkyl carboxylates, and car- boxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates.

[0111] Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylates, A / -substituted fatty acid amides, amine oxides, esters, sugar-based surfactants, polymeric surfactants, and mixtures thereof. Examples of alkoxylates are compounds such as alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, arylphenols, fatty acids or fatty acid esters which have been alkoxylated with 1 to 50 equivalents. Ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide may be employed for the alkoxylation, preferably ethylene oxide. Examples of / V-substituted fatty acid amides are fatty acid glucamides or fatty acid alkanolamides. Examples of esters are fatty acid esters, glycerol esters, or monoglycerides. Examples of sugar-based surfactants are sorbitans, ethoxylated sorbitans, sucrose and glucose esters, or alkyl polyglucosides. Examples of polymeric surfactants are home- or copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl alcohols, or vinyl acetate.

[0112] Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, for example quaternary ammonium compounds with one or two hydrophobic groups, or salts of long-chain primary amines. Suitable amphoteric surfactants are alkylbetains and imidazolines. Suitable block polymers are block polymers of the A-B or A-B-A type comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, or of the A-B-C type comprising alkanol, polyethylene oxide, and polypropylene oxide. Suitable polyelectrolytes are polyacids or polybases. Examples of polyacids are alkali salts of polyacrylic acid or polyacid comb polymers. Examples of polybases are polyvinyl amines or polyethylene amines.

[0113] Suitable adjuvants are compounds, which have a negligible or even no pesticidal activity themselves, and which improve the biological performance of the pigment or dye on the plant. Examples are surfactants, mineral or vegetable oils, and other auxiliaries, e.g. as listed by Knowles, Adjuvants and additives, Agrow Reports DS256, T&F Informa UK, 2006, chapter 5. Suitable thickeners are polysaccharides (e.g. xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose), inorganic clays (organically modified or unmodified), polycarboxylates, and silicates. Suitable bactericides are bronopol and isothiazolinone derivatives, such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazoli- nones. Suitable anti-freezing agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea, and glycerin. Suitable anti-foaming agents are silicones, long chain alcohols, and salts of fatty acids.

[0114] Various types of oils, wetters, adjuvants, fertilizers, or micronutrients, and further pesticides (e.g. fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides, insecticides, safeners) may be added to the compounds I or the compositions thereof as premix, or, not until immediately prior to use (tank mix). These agents can be admixed with the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1 :100 to 100:1, preferably 1 :10 to 10:1.

[0115] Accordingly, another part of the invention are agrochemical compositions comprising at least one pigment or dye, wherein the at least one pigment or dye has an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 820 nm, preferably an upper quarter value not above 710 nm. In preferred embodiments, the agrochemical composition comprises at least one pigment or dye having a) an absorption peak with a maximum between 600 nm and 660 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 510 nm and an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, and preferably having a lower half value between 550 and 610 and an upper half value between 630 and 690, or b) an absorption peak with a maximum between 560 nm and 600 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 680 nm, and preferably having a lower half value between 500 and 520 and an upper half value between 640 and 660, or c) or mixtures of at least one pigment or dye selected from a) and at least one pigment or dye selected from b),

[0116] The absorption peak is preferably measured as described in Example 1, preferably, the absorption peak fulfills the same criteria when the respective dye or pigment is solved or dispersed in the agrochemical composition.

[0117] In variants of these methods at least one pigment or dye is selected from the following groups: a) an anthracenedione dye or pigment, preferably selected from: Solvent Green 3 (CAS 128-80- 3) 1 ,4-bis[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione, Quinizarin Blue (CAS 81-48-1) 1-hy- droxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione, Alizarin Cyanine Green G (CAS 3443- 90-1) 2,2'-[(9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-1 ,4-anthracenediyl)diimino]bis[5-methyl-benzenesulfonic acid, Solvent Blue 35 (CAS 17354-14-2) 1 ,4-bis(butylamino)-9,10-anthracenedione, Solvent Blue 90 (CAS 81-48-1) 1-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-Anthracenedione, Solvent Blue 36 (CAS 14233-37-5) 1 ,4-bis[(1-methylethyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione and Solvent Blue 78 (CAS 2475-44-7) 1 ,4-Bis(methylamino)-9,10-anthracenedione, Solvent Blue 63 (CAS 6408-50-0) 1-(Methylamino)-4-[(3-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione , or b) nonhalogenated or halogenated copper phthalocyanine dye or pigment, preferably selected from Pigment Green 7 (CAS 1328-53-6 and CAS 1328-45-6), Pigment Green 36 (CAS 14302- 13-7) and Phthalocyanine Blue BN (CAS 147-14-8), or c) a triarylmethane dye, preferably selected from Patent Blue V (CAS 25305-77-5) Ethanaminium, N-[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](5-hydroxy-2,4-disulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien- 1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-, inner salt, or as Ca salt (CAS 3536-49-0) or as Na salt (CAS 20262-76-4), Acid Blue 1 (CAS 116-95-0) Ethanaminium, N-[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](2,4-disul- fophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt or as Na salt (CAS 129-17-9), Acid Green 3 (CAS 6638-02-4) enzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4- [ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl]phenylmethylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3- sulfo-, inner salt, or as Na-salt (CAS 4680-78-8), Acid Green 9 (CAS 25305-97-9) Ben- zenemethanaminium, N-[4-[(2-chlorophenyl)[4-[ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl]meth- ylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-3-sulfo-, inner salt, as Ammonium salt (CAS CAS 2650-18-2) or as Na-salt (CAS 4857-81-2), Acid Blue 9 (CAS 25305-78-6) Benzenemethana- minium, N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl](2-sulfophenyl)methylene]- 2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3-sulfo-, inner salt, or as Na-salt (CAS 3844-45-9), Puricolor Green U3 (CAS 2353-45-9) Benzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)me- thyl]amino]phenyl](4-hydroxy-2-sulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3-sulfo-, inner salt, sodium salt or as inner salt (CAS 25738-40-3) and Acid Blue 7 (CAS 21563-97-3) Benzenemethanaminium, N-[4-[(2,4-disulfophenyl)[4- [ethyl(phenylmethyl)amino]phenyl]methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-, inner salt, or as Na salt (CAS 3486-30-4), or as Ca salt (CAS 3374-30-9), or d) a macrocyclic tetrapyrrole compound dye or pigment, preferably selected from: pyrroles, pyrrolines, chlorines, bacteriochlorines and isobacteriochlorines, more preferred selected from: copper chlorophyllin, magnesium chlorophyllin, protoporphyrin IX derivatives and modified chlorin e6 compounds, or f) mixtures of at least two pigments or dyes selected from a), b), c) and d).

[0118] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is selected from an anthracenedione dye or pigment, preferably selected from: Solvent Green 3, Quinizarin Blue, Alizarin Cyanine Green G, Solvent Blue 35, Solvent Blue 90, Solvent Blue 36 and Solvent Blue 78, even more preferred, it is selected from Solvent Green 3 and Alizarin Cyanine Green G.

[0119] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is selected from a triarylmethane dye, preferable a triarylmethane dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 600 nm and 660 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 510 nm and an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, and preferably having a lower half value between 550 and 610 and an upper half value between 630 and 690.

[0120] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is selected from a tri aryl methane dye, which is not a malachite green dye, like malachite green monoxalate (CAS 18015-76-4), malachite green chloride oxalate (CAS 129-72-6), leucomalachite green (CAS 129-73-7), malachite green carbinol (CAS 510-13-4), malachite green (CAS 569-64-2), brilliant green (CAS 633-03-4), malachite green oxalate (CAS 2437-29-8), malachite green cation (CAS 10309-95-2), malachite green hydrogen sulfate (CAS 16044-24-9), malachite green monooxalate (CAS 18015-76-4), malachite green acetate (CAS 41272-40-6), malachite green phosphotungstomolydate (CAS 61725-50-6), malachite green phosphomolybdate (CAS 68083-41-0), malachite green phosphotungstate (CAS 68132-90-1), malachite green benzoate (CAS No. 68527-61-7), malachite green phosphomolybdate (CAS 68814-05-1), malachite green carbinol hydrochloride (CAS 123333- 61-9), malachite green chloride (CAS 569-64-2).

[0121] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is selected from a triarylmethane dye comprising one or more sulfonic acid groups and having an absorption peak with a maximum between 600 nm and 660 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 510 nm and an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, and preferably having a lower half value between 550 and 610 and an upper half value between 630 and 690.

[0122] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is selected from Patent Blue V, Acid Blue 1, Acid Green 3, Acid Green 9, Acid Blue 9, Puricolor Green U3, and Acid Blue 7, or one of their salt forms, in particular Na, Ca or ammonium salt forms.

[0123] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is selected from Patent Blue V, Acid Green 9, Acid Blue 9 and Puricolor Green U3, preferably selected from Patent Blue V and Acid Green 9.

[0124] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is Solvent Green 3, Alizarin Cyanine Green G, Patent Blue V or Pigment Green 7, preferably Solvent Green 3, Alizarin Cyanine Green G or Patent Blue V.

[0125] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is Solvent Green 3 or Patent Blue V.

[0126] In one embodiment at least one pigment or dye is Acid Blue 9. A further embodiment of the invention is an agrochemical composition comprising, a) at least one anthracenedione dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, or b) at least one triarylmethane dye comprising one or more sulfonic acid groups and having an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, or c) at least one anthracenedione dye of a) and at least one triarylmethane dye of b). Preferably the agrochemical composition comprises: a) at least one anthracenedione dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 600 nm and 660 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 510 nm and an upper quarter value not above 710 nm and has a lower half value between 550 and 610 and an upper half value between 630 and 690, or b) at least one triarylmethane dye comprising one or more sulfonic acid groups and having an absorption peak with a maximum between 600 nm and 660 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 510 nm and an upper quarter value not above 710 nm and has a lower half value between 550 and 610 and an upper half value between 630 and 690, or c) at least one anthracenedione dye of a) and at least one triarylmethane dye of b).

[0127] The agrochemical composition may further comprise at least one nonhalogenated or halogenated copper phthalocyanine dye or pigment or a macrocyclic tetrapyrrole compound dye or pigment or at least one nonhalogenated or halogenated copper phthalocyanine dye or pigment and at least one macrocyclic tetrapyrrole compound dye or pigment. Preferred dyes or pigments of these groups have been described above.

[0128] The agrochemical compositions comprise preferably at least one anthracenedione dye selected from Solvent Green 3 (CAS 128-80-3) 1,4-bis[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione, Quinizarin Blue (CAS 81-48-1) 1-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione, Alizarin Cyanine Green G (CAS 3443-90-1) 2,2'-[(9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-1 ,4-anthracene- diyl)diimino]bis[5-methyl-benzenesulfonic acid, Solvent Blue 35 (CAS 17354-14-2) 1 ,4-bis(butyl- amino)-9,10-anthracenedione, Solvent Blue 90 (CAS 81-48-1) 1-hydroxy-4-[(4- methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-Anthracenedione, Solvent Blue 36 (CAS 14233-37-5) 1 ,4-bis[(1- methylethyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione and Solvent Blue 78 (CAS 2475-44-7) 1,4-Bis(me- thylamino)-9,10-anthracenedione, and Solvent Blue 63 (CAS 6408-50-0) 1-(Methylamino)-4-[(3- methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione, and / or at least one triarylmethane dye selected from Patent Blue V (CAS 25305-77-5) Ethanaminium, N-[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](5-hydroxy- 2,4-disulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-, inner salt, or as Ca salt (CAS 3536-49-0) or as Na salt (CAS 20262-76-4), Acid Blue 1 (CAS 116-95-0) Ethanaminium, N-[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](2,4-disulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N- ethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt or as Na salt (CAS 129-17-9), Acid Green 3 (CAS 6638-02-4) en- zenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl]phenyl- methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3-sulfo-, inner salt, or as Na-salt (CAS 4680-78-8), Acid Green 9 (CAS 25305-97-9) Benzenemethanaminium, N-[4-[(2-chlorophenyl)[4-[ethyl[(3- sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl]methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-3-sulfo-, inner salt, as Ammonium salt (CAS CAS 2650-18-2) or as Na-salt (CAS 4857-81-2), Acid Blue 9 (CAS 25305-78-6) Benzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)me- thyl]amino]phenyl](2-sulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3-sulfo-, inner salt, or as Na-salt (CAS 3844-45-9), Puricolor Green U3 (CAS 2353-45-9) Benzenemethanaminium, N- ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl](4-hydroxy-2-sulfophenyl)methylene]- 2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3-sulfo-, inner salt, sodium salt or as inner salt (CAS 25738-40-3) and Acid Blue 7 (CAS 21563-97-3) Benzenemethanaminium, N-[4-[(2,4-disulfophenyl)[4- [ethyl(phenylmethyl)amino]phenyl]methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-, inner salt, or as Na salt (CAS 3486-30-4), or as Ca salt (CAS 3374-30-9).

[0129] Preferred dyes are Solvent Green 3, Alizarin Cyanine Green G, Patent Blue V, Acid Blue 9 and Puricolor Green U3. Even more preferred are Patent Blue V and Acid Blue 9.

[0130] Preferably, the agrochemical compositions comprise at least one fungicide, preferred fungicides affect sterol biosynthesis, e.g. DMI-fungicides, belong to the SDHI fungicides or Qol fungicides or have multiside activity.

[0131] In particular preferred are paclubutrazole, uniconazole, isoflucypram, pydiflumetofen, fluopyram, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, mefentrifluconazole, fluxapyroxad, metyltetraprole, metcona- zole, prothiocon-azole, propiconazole, inpyrfluxam, benzovindiflupyr, pydiflumetofen, pyra- clostrobin, kresox-im-methy, fenpicoxamid and sulfur, even more are mefentrifluconazole, fluxapyroxad, pyraclostrobin, metyltetraprole, metconazole, prothio-conazole and sulfur.

[0132] In particular combination of fungicides of which affect sterol biosynthesis, e.g. DMI-fungicides, belong to the SDHI fungicides or Qol fungicides or have multiside activity. Examples for fungicide combinations are mefentrifluconazole and prothioconazole, or metconazole and prothioconazole, or mefentrifluconazole and pyraclostrobin or mefentrifluconazole and fluxapyroxad, or fluxapyroxad and pyraclostrobin.

[0133] The agrochemical compositions are usually applied in form of a spraying liquid. The user applies the spraying liquid usually from a predosage device, a knapsack sprayer, a spray tank, a spray plane, a drone or an irrigation system. Usually, the agrochemical composition is made up with water, buffer, and / or further auxiliaries to the desired application concentration and the ready-to-use spraying liquid or the agrochemical composition according to the invention is thus obtained. Usually, 20 to 2000 liters, preferably 50 to 400 liters, of the ready-to-use spraying liquid are applied per hectare of agricultural useful area.

[0134] The methods for improving crop yield or plant health, in particular methods to improve the tolerance against biotic or abiotic stress, in particular iradiation stress at high light intensity, via application of the pigments and dyes described herein can be used on various cultivated plants, such as cereals (e.g. wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats, millet, corn [maize] or rice); beets (e.g. sugar or fodder beet); fruits, (e.g. pomes: apples, pears, etc.); stone fruits (e.g. plums, peaches, almonds, cherries), or soft fruits, also called berries (e.g. strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, gooseberries, etc.); leguminous plants (e.g. lentils, peas, alfalfa, or soybeans); oil plants (e.g. oilseed rape, mustard, olives, sunflowers, coconut, cocoa beans, castor oil plants, oil palms, ground nuts, or soybeans); cucurbits (e.g. squashes, cucumber, or melons); fiber plants (e.g. cotton, flax, hemp, or jute); citrus fruits (e.g. oranges, lemons, grapefruits, or mandarins); vegetables (e.g. spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits, or paprika); lauraceous plants (e.g. avocados, cinnamon, or camphor); energy and raw material plants (e.g. corn [maize], soybean, oilseed rape, sugar cane, or oil palm); corn; tobacco; nuts; coffee; tea; bananas; vines (table grapes and grape juice grape vines); hop; turf; sweet leaf (also called Stevia); natural rubber plants; or ornamental and forestry plants, (e.g. flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees, or evergreens (conifers, eucalypts, etc.)). These methods are particularly useful in conditions in which the plants receive high radiation and / or suffer from heat stress.

[0135] More preferably, the methods for improving crop yield or plant health or for combating phyto- pathogenic fungi on plants are used on field crops, such as potatoes, sugar beets, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn [maize], cotton, soybeans, oilseed rape, legumes, sunflowers, coffee or sugar cane; fruits; vines; ornamentals; or vegetables, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, beans or squashes. Further preferred plants are vines (table grapes and grape juice grape vines) and stone fruit trees (e.g. plum, peach, almond and cherry trees). The methods for breeding hybrid plants and the methods for selecting parental inbred plant lines are preferably applied to plants which allow for hybrid breeding.

[0136] According to the invention all of the above cultivated plants are understood to comprise all species, subspecies, variants, varieties and / or hybrids which belong to the respective cultivated plants, including but not limited to winter and spring varieties, in particular in cereals such as wheat and barley, as well as oilseed rape, e.g. winter wheat, spring wheat, winter barley etc, further including dwarf, semi-dwarf and full-dwarf varieties and / or hybrids with reduced height and thicker and shorter stems, e.g. short stature corn (also called ‘smart corn’), semi-dwarf wheat and dwarf rice.

[0137] In one embodiment the cereal plants of the invention are wheat plants (including common / bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), durum wheat (Triticum durum), einkorn (Triticum monococcum), Khorasan wheat (T. turgidum ssp. turanicum), spelt (Triticum spelta), or emmer (T. turgidum subsp. dicoccum )), such as hexapioid spring or winter wheat, or are the closely related barley (Hordeum vulgare), rye (Secale cereale) or Triticale plants (Triticale is a cross between wheat (Triticum durum or Triticum aestivum) and rye).

[0138] Corn (Zea mays) is also known as Indian corn or maize which comprises all kinds of corn such as field corn and sweet corn. According to the invention all maize or corn subspecies and / or varieties are comprised, in particular flour corn (Zea mays var. amylacea), popcorn (Zea mays var. everta), dent corn (Zea mays var. indentata), flint corn (Zea mays var. indurata), sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharata and var. rugosa), waxy corn (Zea mays var. ceratina), amylomaize (high amylose Zea mays varieties), pod corn or wild maize (Zea mays var. tunicata) and striped maize (Zea mays var. japonica).

[0139] Most soybean cultivars are classifiable into indeterminate and determinate growth habit, whereas Glycine soja, the wild progenitor of soybean, is indeterminate (PNAS 2010, 107 (19) 8563-8568). The indeterminate growth habit (Maturity Group, MG 00 to MG 4.9) is characterized by a continuation of vegetative growth after flowering begins whereas determinate soybean varieties (MG 5 to MG 8) characteristically have finished most of their vegetative growth when flowering begins. According to the invention all soybean cultivars or varieties are comprised, in particular indeterminate and determinate cultivars or varieties.

[0140] The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood as including plants which have been modified by mutagenesis or genetic engineering to provide a new trait to a plant or to modify an already present trait. Mutagenesis includes random mutagenesis using X-rays or mutagenic chemicals, but also targeted mutagenesis to create mutations at a specific locus of a plant genome. Targeted mutagenesis frequently uses oligonucleotides or proteins like CRISPR / Cas, zinc-finger nucleases, TALENs or meganucleases. Genetic engineering usually uses recombinant DNA techniques to create modifications in a plant genome which under natural circumstances cannot readily be obtained by cross breeding, mutagenesis or natural recombination. Typically, one or more genes are integrated into the genome of a plant to add a trait or improve or modify a trait. These integrated genes are also referred to as transgenes, while plant comprising such transgenes are referred to as transgenic plants. The process of plant transformation usually produces several transformation events, which differ in the genomic locus in which a transgene has been integrated. Plants comprising a specific transgene on a specific genomic locus are usually described as comprising a specific “event”, which is referred to by a specific event name. Traits which have been introduced in plants or have been modified include herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, increased yield and tolerance to abiotic conditions, like drought.

[0141] Herbicide tolerance has been created by using mutagenesis and genetic engineering. Plants which have been rendered tolerant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor herbicides by mutagenesis and breeding are e.g. available under the name Clearfield®. Herbicide tolerance to glyphosate, glufosinate, 2,4-D, dicamba, oxynil herbicides, like bromoxynil and ioxynil, sulfonylurea herbicides, ALS inhibitors and 4-hydroxy phenyl pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors, like isoxaflutole and mesotrione, has been created via the use of transgenes.

[0142] Transgenes to provide herbicide tolerance traits comprise: for tolerance to glyphosate: cp4 ep- sps, epsps grg23ace5, mepsps, 2mepsps, gat4601 , gat4621, goxv247; for tolerance to glufosinate: pat and bar, for tolerance to 2,4-D: aad-1 , aad-12; for tolerance to dicamba: dmo; for tolerance to oxynil herbicies: bxn; for tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicides: zm-hra, csr1-2, gm-hra, S4-HrA; for tolerance to ALS inhibitors: csr1-2; and for tolerance to HPPD inhibitors: hppdPF, W336, avhppd-03.

[0143] Transgenic corn events comprising herbicide tolerance genes include, but are not limited to, DAS40278, MON801 , MON802, MON809, MON810, MON832, MON87411, MON87419, MON87427, MON88017, MON89034, NK603, GA21, MZHGOJG, HCEM485, VCO-01981-5, 676, 678, 680, 33121 , 4114, 59122, 98140, Bt1O, Bt176, CBH-351, DBT418, DLL25, MS3, MS6, MZIR098, T25, TC1507 and TC6275. Transgenic soybean events comprising herbicide tolerance genes include, but are not limited to, GTS 40-3-2, MON87705, MON87708, MON87712, MON87769, MON89788, A2704-12, A2704-21 , A5547-127, A5547-35, DP356043, DAS44406-6, DAS68416-4, DAS-81419-2, GU262, SYHT0H2, W62, W98, FG72 and CV127. Transgenic cotton events comprising herbicide tolerance genes include, but are not limited to, 19-51a, 31707, 42317, 81910, 281-24-236, 3006-210-23, BXN10211 , BXN10215, BXN10222, BXN10224, MON1445, MON1698, MON88701, MON88913, GHB119, GHB614, LLCotton25, T303-3 and T304-40. Transgenic canola events comprising herbicide tolerance genes are for example, but not excluding others, MON88302, HCR-1 , HCN10, HCN28, HCN92, MS1 , MS8, PHY14, PHY23, PHY35, PHY36, RF1 , RF2 and RF3.

[0144] Transgenes providing insect resistance include but are not limited to, toxin genes of Bacillus spp. and synthetic variants thereof (e.g. cry1A, crylAb, cry1 Ab-Ac, crylAc, cry1A.1O5, cry1F, cry1Fa2, cry2Ab2, cry2Ae, mcry3A, ecry3.1Ab, cry3Bb1 , cry34Ab1 , cry35Ab1 , cry9C, vip3A(a), and vip3Aa20); transgenes of plant origin (e.g. coding for protease inhibitors, like CpTI and pinll); and transgenes producing double-stranded RNA (e.g. dvsnf7). Transgenic insect resistance corn events include, but are not limited to, Bt10, Bt11 , Bt176, MON801, MON802, MON809, MON810, MON863, MON87411, MON88017, MON89034, 33121 , 4114, 5307, 59122, TC1507, TC6275, CBH-351 , MIR162, DBT418 and MZIR098. Transgenic insect resistance soybean events include, but are not limited to, MON87701 , MON87751 and DAS- 81419. Transgenic cotton events comprising genes for insecticidal proteins include, but are not limited to, SGK321 , MON531, MON757, MON1076, MON15985, 31707, 31803, 31807, 31808, 42317, BNLA-601 , Eventl , COT67B, COT102, T303-3, T304-40, GFM Cry1A, GK12, MLS 9124, 281-24-236, 3006-210-23, GHB119 and SGK321.

[0145] Cultivated plants with increased yield have been created by using the transgene athb17 (e.g., corn event MON87403), or bbx32 (e.g. soybean event MON87712).

[0146] Cultivated plants comprising a modified oil content have been created by using the transgenes: gm-fad2-1, Pj.D6D, Nc.Fad3, fad2-1A and fatb1-A (e.g. soybean events 260-05, MON87705 and MON 87769).

[0147] Tolerance to abiotic conditions, such as drought, has been created by using the transgene cspB (corn event MON87460) and Hahb-4 (soybean event IND-00410-5).

[0148] Traits are frequently combined by combining genes in a transformation event or by combining different events during the breeding process resulting in a cultivated plant with stacked traits. Preferred combinations of traits are combinations of herbicide tolerance traits to different groups of herbicides, combinations of insect tolerance to different kind of insects, in particular tolerance to lepidopteran and coleopteran insects, combinations of herbicide tolerance with one or several types of insect resistance, combinations of herbicide tolerance with increased yield as well as combinations of herbicide tolerance and tolerance to abiotic conditions.

[0149] Plants comprising singular or stacked traits as well as the genes and events providing these traits are well known in the art: information to the mutagenized or integrated genes and the respective events are available from websites of the “International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA)” (http: / / www.isaaa.org / gmapprovaldatabase) and the “Center for Environmental Risk Assessment (CERA)” (http: / / cera-gmc.org / GMCropDatabase). Further information can be found for canola events MS1 , MS8, RF3, GT73, MON88302, KK179 in W001 / 031042, W001 / 041558, W001 / 041558, W002 / 036831 , WO11 / 153186, W013 / 003558; for cotton events MON1445, MON15985, MON531 (MON15985), LLCotton25, MON88913, COT102, 281-24-236, 3006-210-23, COT67B, GHB614, T304-40, GHB119, MON88701, 81910 in WO02 / 034946, WO02 / 100163, WO02 / 100163, WG03 / 013224, WO04 / 072235, WO04 / 039986, W005 / 103266, W005 / 103266, WO06 / 128573, W007 / 017186, W008 / 122406, W008 / 151780, WO12 / 134808, WO13 / 112527; for corn events GA21 , MON810, DLL25, TC1507, MON863, MIR604, LY038, MON88017, 3272, 59122, NK603, MIR162, MON89034, 98140, 32138, MON87460, 5307, 4114, MON87427, DAS40278, MON87411 , 33121 , MON87403, MON87419 in W098 / 044140, US02 / 102582, US03 / 126634, WO04 / 099447, WG04 / 011601 , WO05 / 103301 , W005 / 061720, W005 / 059103, WO06 / 098952, WO06 / 039376, US2007 / 292854, WC07 / 142840, W007 / 140256, WO08 / 112019, W009 / 103049,

[0150] WO09 / 111263, W010 / 077816, WO11 / 084621 , WO11 / 062904, WO11 / 022469, WO13 / 169923, WO14 / 116854, WO15 / 053998, WO15 / 142571 ; for potato events E12, F10, J3, J55, V11, X17, Y9 in WO14 / 178910, WO14 / 178913, WO14 / 178941 , WO14 / 179276, WO16 / 183445, WO17 / 062831 , WO17 / 062825; for rice events LLRICE06, LLRICE601 , LLRICE62 in WG00 / 026345, WG00 / 026356, WO00 / 026345; and for soybean events H7-1 , MON89788, A2704-12, A5547-127, DP305423, DP356043, MON87701 , MON87769, CV127, MON87705, DAS68416-4, MON87708, MON87712, SYHT0H2, DAS81419, DAS81419 x DAS44406-6, MON87751 in WO04 / 074492, WO06 / 130436, WO06 / 108674, WO06 / 108675, WO08 / 054747, W008 / 002872, WO09 / 064652, W009 / 102873, W010 / 080829, W010 / 037016, WO11 / 066384, WO11 / 034704, WO12 / 051199, WO12 / 082548, WO13 / 016527, WO13 / 016516, WO14 / 201235. The use of compounds I and compositions thereof, respectively, on cultivated plants may result in effects which are specific to a cultivated plant comprising a certain transgene or event. These effects might involve changes in growth behavior or changed resistance to biotic or abiotic stress factors (e.g. enhanced yield, early vigour, early or delayed ripening, changed amino acid or fatty acid spectrum or content; enhanced resistance or tolerance to insects, nematodes, fungal, bacterial, mycoplasma, viral or viroid pathogens; or cold or heat tolerance).

[0151] In some embodiments of the agrochemical compositions, the pigment or dye is solved in at least one solvent, preferably selected from C10 dimethyl amide, C8 / 10 dimethyl amide, C12 dimethyl amide, C6-C10 Methyl caprylate-caprate, C18 methyl canolate ester, C18 methyl oleate ester, C8 Saturated Fatty Alcohol and oleyl-cetyl unsaturated fatty alcohol, preferably at least one solvent is a C10 dimethyl amide. In one embodiment at least one solvent is selected from Agnique AMD 10 (CAS 14433-76-2), Agnique AMD 810 (CAS 308062-09-1), Agnique AMD 12 (CAS 3007-53-2), preferably at least one solvent is Agnique AMD 10 (CAS 14433-76-2).

[0152] These agrochemical compositions may also comprise one or more pesticides, UV filter and / or near-infrared absorber. The term “pesticides” refers to chemical or biological fungicides, chemical or biological insecticides and plant growth regulators. The term "UV filters" is understood as meaning organic substances which are able to absorb ultraviolet rays and give off the absorbed energy again in the form of longer-wave radiation, e.g. heat. Non-limiting examples of UV-filters are described in WO2010 / 115721. In one embodiment at least one UV-filter is selected from: benzotriazoles, cyanoacrylate derivatives, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) derivatives, esters of salicylic acid, esters of cinnamic acid, derivatives of benzophenones, sulfonic acid derivatives of benzophenones, 3-benzylidenecamphor and derivatives thereof, esters of benzalmalonic acid, triazine derivatives, propane-1 , 3-diones, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid or 2-phenylben- zimidazole-4-sulfonic acid and alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium and glucammonium salts thereof, derivatives of benzoyl methane and amino- hydroxy-substituited derivatives of benzophenones. The term “near-infrared absorber” refers to compounds which have an absorption peak with a maximum between 750 to 1.1950 nm and half maximum between 700 to 1.200 nm.

[0153] The fungicides are usually present in a fungicidally effective amount. The term "fungicidally effective amount" denotes an amount of the fungicide, which is sufficient for controlling harmful fungi on cultivated plants and which does not result in a substantial damage to the treated plants. Such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, such as the fungal species to be controlled, the treated cultivated plant, the climatic conditions, and the specific fungicide used.

[0154] The following list of fungicides, in conjunction with which the pigments and dyes, can be used, is intended to illustrate the possible combinations but does not limit them (sorted by mode of action and target site, FRAC or I RAC code in brackets; www.frac.info; FRAC code list 2024; www.irac-online. IRAC MOA classification scheme 2024):

[0155] A) Respiration complex III at Qosite (Qol, C3): azoxystrobin (A.1.1), bifujunzhi (A.1.37), coumeth- oxystrobin (A.1.2), coumoxystrobin (A.1.3), dimoxystrobin (A.1.4), enestroburin (A.1.5), famox- adone (A.1.21), fenamidone (A.1.21), fenaminstrobin (A.1.6), flufenoxystrobin (A.1.7), fluoxastrobin (A.1.8), kresoxim-methyl (A.1.9), mandestrobin (A.1.10), metomi nostrobin (A.1.11), metyltetraprole (A.1.25; member of MoA subgroup A), orysastrobin (A.1.12), picoxystrobin (A.1.13), pyraclostrobin (A.1.14), pyrametostrobin (A.1.15), pyraoxystrobin (A.1.16), pyribencarb (A.1.19), pyriminostrobin (A.1.36), triclopyricarb (A.1.20), trifloxystrobin (A.1.17), 2-(2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-allylideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2-methoxy- imino-A / -methyl-acetamide (A.1.18), methyl-A / -[2-[(1,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-pyrazol-3-yl)oxylme- thyl]phenyl]-A / -methoxy-carbamate (A.1.22), (Z,2E)-5-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]-oxy-

[0156] 2-methoxyimino- / V,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamide (A.1.34), (Z,2E)-5-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-

[0157] 3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-A / ,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamide (A.1.35), 2-(ortho-((2,5-dimethylphenyl- oxymethylen)phenyl)-3-methoxy-acrylic acid methylester (A.1.38), methyl (Z)-3-methoxy- 2-[2-methyl-5-(3-propylpyrazol-1-yl)phenoxy]prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-2-[5-(3-isopropylpyrazol-

[0158] 1-yl)-2-methyl-phenoxy]-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-[3-(tri- fluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]phenoxy]prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl- 5-(4-propyltriazol-2-yl)phenoxy]prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-5-[4-(trifluoro- methyl)triazol-2-yl]phenoxy]prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-2-[5-(4-isopropyltriazol-2-yl)-2-methyl- phenoxy]-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-2-(5-cyclobutyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methoxy- prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-2-(5-cyclopentyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-2-(5-cyclopropyl-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (Z)-2-(5-cyclohexyl-

[0159] 2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (E)-3-methoxy-2-[(2-methyl-5-phenyl-phe- nyl)methyl]prop-2-enoate, methyl (E)-3-methoxy-2-[(2-methyl-5-phenyl-phenyl)methyl]prop- 2-enoate; methyl (E)-3-methoxy-2-[[5-[(E)-A / -methoxy-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-2,4-dimethyl- phenyl]methyl]prop-2-enoate; methyl (E)-2-[[5-(2-cyclopropylethynyl)-2,4-dimethyl-phenyl]me- thyl]-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate; methyl (E)-3-methoxy-2-(2-phenyl-1 ,3-benzoxazol-4-yl)prop- 2-enoate; methyl (E)-3-methoxy-2-(2-phenyl-1 ,3-benzothiazol-4-yl)prop-2-enoate; methyl (E)-3-methoxy-2-(2-phenyl-1 ,3-benzoxazol-7-yl)prop-2-enoate; methyl (Z)-2-[6-(2-cyclopropyl- ethynyl)benzimidazol-1-yl]-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate; methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-(6-phenylbenzim- idazol-1-yl)prop-2-enoate; methyl (Z)-2-(3-chloro-6-phenyl-indol-1-yl)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate; methyl (Z)-2-(2,3-dichloro-6-phenyl-indol-1-yl)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate; methyl (Z)-3-methoxy- 2-[6-[(E)-methoxyiminomethyl]indol-1-yl]prop-2-enoate; methyl (Z)-3-methoxy-2-[6-[(E)- / V-meth- oxy-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]indol-1-yl]prop-2-enoate, methyl (E)-2-[4-chloro-2-(4-methylpent- 1-ynyl)phenyl]-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (E)-3-methoxy-2-[4-methoxy-2-(4-methylpent-

[0160] 1-ynyl)phenyl]prop-2-enoate, methyl (E)-2-(4-chloro-2-hex-1-ynyl-phenyl)-3-methoxy-prop-2-en- oate, methyl (E)-2-(2-hex-1-ynyl-4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (E)-2-[2-[[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (2E)-2-[2-[[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-2-methoxyimino- actate, (2E)-2-[2-[[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-2-methoxyimino- / V-methyl-acetamide, methyl (E)-2-[2-[[(£)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylideneamino]oxymethyl]-6-me- thyl-phenyl]-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (E)-3-methoxy-2-[2-methyl-6-[[(E)-1-[4-(trifluoro- methyl)phenyl]ethylideneamino]oxymethyl]phenyl]prop-2-enoate, methyl (E)-2-[4-chloro-

[0161] 2-[[(E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylideneamino]oxymethyl]phenyl]-3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate, methyl (E)-2-[2-chloro-6-[[(E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylideneamino]oxymethyl]phenyl]-3-methoxy-prop- 2-enoate, methyl A / -[[5-[1-(2,6-difluoro-4-isopropyl-phenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-phenyl]me- thyl]carbamate, methyl A / -[[5-[1-(4-cyclopropyl-2,6-difluoro-phenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-phe- nyl]methyl]carbamate; complex III at Qi site (Qil, 04): cyazofamid (A.2.1), amisulbrom (A.2.2), [(6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo- 1,5-dioxonan-7-yl]-2-methylpropanoate (A.2.3), fenpicoxamid (A.2.4), florylpicoxamid (A.2.5), metarylpicoxamid (A.2.6); complex II (SDHI, C2): benodanil (A.3.1), benzovindiflupyr (A.3.2), bixafen (A.3.3), bos- calid (A.3.4), carboxin (A.3.5), cyclobutrifluram (A.3.24), fenfuram (A.3.6), fluopyram (A.3.7), flutolanil (A.3.8), fluxapyroxad (A.3.9), furametpyr (A.3.10), inpyrfluxam (A.3.22), isofetamid (A.3.11), isoflucypram (A.3.31), isopyrazam (A.3.12), mepronil (A.3.13), oxycarboxin (A.3.14), penflufen (A.3.15), penthiopyrad (A.3.16), pydiflumetofen (A.3.17), pyrapropoyne (A.3.23), pyra- ziflumid (A.3.18), sedaxane (A.3.19), tecloftalam (A.3.20), thifluzamide (A.3.21), fluindapyr (A.3.28), A / -[2-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl- pyrazole-4-carboxamide (A.3.29), methyl (E)-2-[2-[(5-cyano-2-methyl-phenoxy)methyl]phenyl]- 3-methoxy-prop-2-enoate (A.3.30), 2-(difluoromethyl)-A / -(1 , 1 ,3-trimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine- 3-carboxamide (A.3.32), 2-(difluoromethyl)- / V-[(3R)-1 ,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carbox- amide (A.3.33), 2-(difluoromethyl)- / V-(3-ethyl-1 ,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.34), 2-(difluoromethyl)- / V-[(3R)-3-ethyl-1 ,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.35), 2-(difluoromethyl)- / V-(1,1-dimethyl-3-propyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.36), 2-(difluoromethyl)- / V-[(3 / ?)-1 ,1-dimethyl-3-propyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.37), 2-(difluoromethyl)- / V-(3-isobutyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.38), 2-(difluoromethyl)- / V-[(3R)-3-isobutyl-1,1-dimethyl-indan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.39); complex I NADH oxido-reductase (C1): diflumetorim (A.4.1); uncouplers (C5): binapacryl (A.4.2), dinobuton (A.4.3), dinocap (A.4.4), fluazinam (A.4.5), meptyldinocap (A.4.6), ferimzone (A.4.7); inhibitors of ox. phosphorylation (C6): fentin salts, e.g. fentin-acetate (A.4.8), fentin chloride (A.4.9) or fentin hydroxide (A.4.10);

[0162] ATP transport: silthiofam (A.4.11); quinone inside and outside inhibitor stigmatellin binding type (QioSI; C8): ametoctradin (A.5.1);

[0163] B) Sterol biosynthesis (G)

[0164] C14 demethylase (DMI, G1): triazoles: azaconazole (B.1.1), bitertanol (B.1.2), bromucon- azole (B.1.3), cyproconazole (B.1.4), difenoconazole (B.1.5), diniconazole (B.1.6), dinicona- zole-M (B.1.7), epoxiconazole (B.1.8), fenbuconazole (B.1.9), fluoxytioconazole (B.1.33), flu- quinconazole (B.1.10), flusilazole (B.1.11), flutriafol (B.1.12), hexaconazole (B.1.13), imiben- conazole (B.1.14), ipconazole (B.1.15), ipfentrifluconazole (B.1.37), mefentrifluconazole (B.1.38), metconazole (B.1.17), myclobutanil (B.1.18), oxpoconazole (B.1.19), paclobutrazole (B.1.20), penconazole (B.1.21), propiconazole (B.1.22), prothioconazole (B.1.23), simeconazole (B.1.24), tebuconazole (B.1.25), tetraconazole (B.1.26), triadimefon (B.1.27), triadimenol (B.1.28), triticonazole (B.1.29), uniconazole (B.1.30), 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1 ,1-difluoro-3-(te- trazol-1-yl)-1-[5-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]-2-pyridyl]propan-2-ol (B.1.31), 2-(2,4-difluoro- phenyl)-1 ,1-difluoro-3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-1-[5-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2-pyridyl]propan-2-ol (B.1.32), 2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-5-(p-tolylmethyl)-1-(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (B.1.43), 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1 , 1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(1 , 2 , 4-triazol- 1 -yl)propyl]- 3-pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile (B.1.53), 2-[6-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]- 1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (B.1.54), 2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]- 1-(1 ,2,4-triazol-1 -yl)propan-2-ol (B.1.55), (2R)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- 1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol, (2S)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-

[0165] 1-(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol, methyl 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy- 3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propanoate (B.1.56), 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-

[0166] 3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propanoic acid (B.1.57); imidazoles: imazalil (B.1.44), pefurazoate (B.1.45), prochloraz (B.1.46), triflumizole (B.1.47); pyrimidines, pyridines, piperazines: fenarimol (B.1.49), pyrifenox (B.1.50), triforine (B.1.51), [3-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)isoxazol-

[0167] 4-yl]-(3-pyridyl)methanol (B.1.52); delta14-reductase (G2): aldimorph (B.2.1), dodemorph (B.2.2), dodemorph-acetate (B.2.3), fenpropidin (B.2.6), fenpropimorph (B.2.4), piperalin (B.2.7), spiroxamine (B.2.8), tridemorph (B.2.5);

[0168] 3-keto reductase (G3): fenhexamid (B.3.1), fenpyrazamine (B.3.2); other: chlorphenomizole (B.4.1 );

[0169] C) Nucleic acids metabolism (A)

[0170] RNA polymerase I (A1): benalaxyl (C.1.1), benalaxyl-M (C.1.2), kiralaxyl (C.1.3), met- alaxyl (C.1.4), metalaxyl-M (C.1.5), ofurace (C.1.6), oxadixyl (C.1.7); adenosine deaminase (A2): bupirimate (C.2.4), 5-fluoro-2-(p-tolylmethoxy)pyrimidin- 4-amine (C.2.6), 5-fluoro-2-(4-fluorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine (C.2.7), 5-fluoro-

[0171] 2-(4-chlorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine (C.2.8);

[0172] DNA / RNA synthesis (A3): 5-fluorocytosine (C.2.5), hymexazole (C.2.1), octhilinone (C.2.2), gyrase (A4): oxolinic acid (C.2.3); dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH; A5): ipflufenoquin (C.5.1), quinofumelin (C.5.2), fenaptamidoquin (C.5.3);

[0173] D) Cytoskeleton and motor protein (B) tubulin polymerization (MBC; B1): benomyl (D.1.1), carbendazim (D.1.2), fuberidazole (D.1.3), pyridachlometyl (D.1.6), thiabendazole (D.1.4), thiophanate-methyl (D.1.5), A / -ethyl- 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]butanamide (D.1.8), A / -ethyl-2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl- 6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methylsulfanyl-acetamide (D.1.9), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]- / V-(2-fluoroethyl)butanamide (D.1.10), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-A / -(2-fluoroethyl)- 2-methoxy-acetamide (D.1.11), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]- / \ / -propyl-butanamide (D.1.12), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methoxy-A / -propyl-acetamide (D.1.13), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methylsulfanyl- / V-propyl-acetamide (D.1.14), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-A / -(2-fluoroethyl)-2-methylsulfanyl-acetamide (D.1.15), 4-(2-bromo-4-fluoro-phenyl)- / \ / -(2-chloro-6-fluoro-phenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-3-amine (D.1.16), 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)- / V-(2-fluoro-6-nitrophenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, 4-(2-chloro-4,6-difluorophenyl)-A / -(2-fluoro-6-nitrophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)- / V-(2-fluoro-6-nitrophenyl)-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1 / 7-pyrazol-5-amine,

[0174] 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)- / V-(2-fluoro-4-methyl-6-nitrophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-

[0175] 5-amine, 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-A / -(2-fluoro-6-nitrophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol- 5-amine, 4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)- / V-(2-fluoro-6-nitrophenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 / 7-pyrazol-5-amine; tubulin polymerization (B2): diethofencarb (D.2.1), tubulin polymersation (B3): ethaboxam (D.2.2), zoxamide (D.2.5); cell division (B4): pencycuron (D.2.3); spectrin-like proteins (B5): fluopicolide (D.2.4), fluopimomide (D.2.9); actin / myosin / fimbrin function (B6): metrafenone (D.2.6), phenamacril (D.2.8), pyriofenone (D.2.7);

[0176] E) Amino acids and protein synthesis (D) methionine synthesis (D1): cyprodinil (E.1.1), mepanipyrim (E.1.2), pyrimethanil (E.1.3); ribosome, termination step (D2): blasticidin-S (E.2.1); ribosome initiation step (D3): kasugamycin (E.2.2), kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate (E.2.3); ribosome initiation step (D4): streptomycin (E.2.5); ribosome elongation step (D5): mildiomycin (E.2.4), oxytetracyclin (E.2.6);

[0177] F) Signal transduction mechanism unknown (E1): proquinazid (F.2.2), quinoxyfen (F.2.1);

[0178] MAP / histidine kinase os-2 (E2): fludioxonil (F.1.5);

[0179] MAP / histidine kinase os-1 (E3): iprodione (F.1.2), procymidone (F.1.3), vinclozolin (F.1.4);

[0180] G) Lipid synthesis or transport I membrane (F) methyl transferase (F2): edifenphos (G.1.1), iprobenfos (G.1.2), isoprothiolane (G.1.4); py- razophos (G.1.3); cell peroxidation (F3): biphenyl (G.2.5), chloroneb (G.2.6), dicloran (G.2.1), etridiazole (G.2.7), quintozene (G.2.2), tecnazene (G.2.3), tolclofos-methyl (G.2.4); cell membrane permeability (F4): propamocarb (G.4.1); ergosterol binding (F8): natamycin; oxysterol binding protein (F9): fluoxapiprolin (G.5.3), oxathiapiprolin (G.5.1), 4-[1-[2-[3-(di- fluoromethyl)-5-methyl-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-A / -tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.4), 4-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]- / V-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-

[0181] 2-carboxamide (G.5.5), 4-[1-[2-[3-(difluoromethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-pi- peridyl]- / V-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.6), 4-[1-[2-[5-cyclopropyl-3-(difluorome- thyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]- / V-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.7), 4-[1-[2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-A / -tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-car- boxamide (G.5.8), 4-[1-[2-[5-(difluoromethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]- / V-tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.9), 4-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]ace- tyl]-4-piperidyl]-A / -tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.10), (4-[1-[2-[5-cyclopropyl-3-(trifluo- romethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-A / -tetralin-1-yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.11), (1-(4-(4-(5-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-2-((3-trifluo- romethyl)pyrazin-2-yl)oxy)ethan-1-one, 1-(4-(4-(5-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-

[0182] 3-yl)thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-2-((3-trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)ethan-1-one, tert-butyl

[0183] 4-(4-(5-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-carboxylate, ((2-(3-(2-(1-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetyl)piperidin-4-yl)thiazol-4-yl)-4,5-di- hydroisoxazo-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)imino)dimethyl-A6-sulfanone, ((2-(3-(2-(1-(2-(3,5-bis(difluoro- methyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetyl)piperidin-4-yl)thiazol-4-yl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazo-5-yl)-3- fluoro- phenyl)imino)dimethyl-A6-sulfanone, ((2-(3-(2-(1-(2-(3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ace- tyl)piperidin-4-yl)thiazol-4-yl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazo-5-yl)-3-chorophenyl)imino)(isopropyl)(methyl)- A6-sulfanone, ((2-(3-(2-(1-(2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1 / 7-pyrazol-1-yl)acetyl)piperidin-4-yl)thiazol- 4-yl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazo-5-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)imino)(isopropyl)(methyl)-A6-sulfanone, ((2-(3-(2-(1-(2-(3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetyl)piperidin-4-yl)thiazol-4-yl)-4,5-dihy- droisoxazo-5-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)imino)dimethyl-A6-sulfanone, ((3-fluoro- 2-(3-(2-(1-(2-(5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 / - / -pyrazol-1-yl)acetyl)piperidin-4-yl)thiazol-4-yl)- 4,5-dihydroisoxazo-5-yl)-phenyl)imino)dimethyl-A6-sulfanone;

[0184] H) Multi Site Activity (M) inorganics (M01): Bordeaux mixture (H.1.1), copper (H.1.2), copper acetate (H.1.3), copper hydroxide (H.1.4), copper oxychloride (H.1.5), basic copper sulfate (H.1.6), sulfur (H.1.7); dithiocarbamates and relatives: ferbam (H.2.1), mancozeb (H.2.2), maneb (H.2.3), metam (H.2.4), metiram (H.2.5), propineb (H.2.6), thiram (H.2.7), zineb (H.2.8), ziram (H.2.9), zinc thiazole (H.2.10); organochlorine compounds (M04, M05, M06, M08): anilazine (H.3.1), captafol (H.3.3), captan (H.3.4), chlorothalonil (H.3.2), dichlofluanid (H.3.6), dichlorophen (H.3.7), folpet (H.3.5), hexachlorobenzene (H.3.8), pentachlorphenole (H.3.9) and its salts, phthalide (H.3.10), tolylfluanid (H.3.11); guanidines, quinones, quinoxalines, maleimides, thiocarbamates (M07, M09, M10, M11, M12): chinomethionat (H.4.13), dithianon (H.4.9), fluoroimide (H.4.11), guanidine (H.4.1), guazatine (H.4.4), guazatine-acetate (H.4.5), iminoctadine (H.4.6), iminoctadine-triacetate (H.4.7), iminoctadine-tris(albesilate) (H.4.8), methasulfocarb (H.4.12), 2,6-dimethyl- 1H,5H-[1 ,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone (H.4.10),

[0185] I) Cell wall biosynthesis (H) and melanin synthesis in cell wall (I) chitin synthase (H4): polyoxin B (1.1.2); cellulose synthase (H5): benthiavalicarb (1.3.5), dimethomorph (1.3.1), flumorph (1.3.2), iprovalicarb (1.3.6), mandipropamid (1.3.3), pyrimorph (1.3.4), valifenalate (1.3.7); reductase in melanin synthesis (MBI-R; 11) pyroquilon (1.2.1), tricyclazole (I.2.2); dehydratase in melanin synthesis (MBI-D, I2); carpropamid (I.2.3), dicyclomet (1.2.4), fenoxanil (1.2.5); polyketide synthase in melanin synthesis (MBI-P, I3): tolprocarb (1.2.6);

[0186] J) Plant defence induction (P1 to P8) salicylate-related (P01-P03, P08): acibenzolar-S-methyl (J.1.1), probenazole (J.1.2), isotianil (J.1.3), tiadinil (J.1.4), dichlobentiazox (J.1.13); phosphonates (P07): fosetyl (J.1.6), fosetyl-aluminum (J.1.7), phosphorous acid and its salts (J.1.8), calcium phosphonate (J.1.11), potassium phosphonate (J.1.12); others: potassium or sodium bicarbonate (J.1.9), 4-cyclo- propyl- / V-(2,4-di-,methoxy-,phenyl)thiadiazole-5-carboxamide (J.1.10);

[0187] K) Unknown mode of action (U) aminopyrifen (K.1.54), benziothiazolinone (K.1.48), bromothalonil (K.1.49), bronopol (K.1.1), cyflufenamid (K.1.3), cymoxanil (K.1.4), dazomet (K.1.5), debacarb (K.1.6), diclomezine (K.1.8), difenzoquat (K.1.9), difenzoquat-methylsulfate (K.1.10), diphenylamin (K.1.11), dodine, dodine free base (K.1.18), fenitropan (K.1.12), flufenoxadiazam (K.1.58) [MoA proposed: class II histone deacetylase inhibitor], flumetover (K.1.14), flumetylsulforim (K.1.60), flusulfamide (K.1.15), flutianil (K.1.16), harpin (K.1.17), nitrapyrin (K.1.19), nitrothal-isopropyl (K.1.20), oxinecopper (K.1.22), picarbutrazox (K.1.41), pyrisoxazole (K.1.37), seboctylamine (K.1.61), tebufloquin (K.1.24), tecloftalam (K.1.25), triazoxide (K.1.26), validamycin (K.1.2);

[0188] / V’-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-A / -ethyl-A / -methyl formamidine (K.1.27), N -(4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-A / -ethyl-A / -methyl formamidine (K.1.28), A / -[4-[[3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1 ,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl]oxy]-2,5-dimethyl- phenyl]-A / -ethyl-A / -methyl-formamidine (K.1.29), A / -(5-bromo-6-indan-2-yloxy-2-methyl-

[0189] 3-pyridyl)- / V-ethyl- / V-methyl-formamidine (K.1.30), / V-[5-bromo-6-[1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]- 2-methy l-3-py ridy I]- / -ethy I- / -methy l-formamidi ne (K.1.31), N -[5-bromo- 6-(4-isopropylcyclohexoxy)-2-methyl-3-pyridyl]-A / -ethyl-A / -methyl-formamidine (K.1.32), / V’-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-phenylethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-A / -ethyl-A / -methyl-formamidine (K.1.33), / V’-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)- / V-ethyl-A / -methyl formamidine (K.1.34), / V-(5-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-A / -ethyl- / V-methyl formamidine (K.1.35), 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-A / -[4-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]- 2-prop-2-ynyloxy-acetamide (K.1.36), 3-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]- pyridine (K.1.38), 5-chloro-1-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1 / - / -benzoimidazole (K.1.39), ethyl (Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenyl-prop-2-enoate (K.1.40), pentyl / V-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate (K.1.42), but-3-ynyl / V-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-

[0190] 2-pyridyl]carbamate (K.1.43), 2-(6-benzyl-2-pyridyl)quinazoline (K.1.50), 2-[6-(3-fluoro- 4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-2-pyridyl]quinazoline (K.1.51), N -(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxy-phenyl)- / V-ethyl- / V-methyl-formamidine (K.1.53), A / '-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxy-ethoxy)-

[0191] 3-pyridyl]- / V-ethyl- / V-methyl-formamidine (K.1.56), A / -[4-(4,5-dichlorothiazol-2-yl)oxy- 2,5-dimethyl-phenyl]-A / -ethyl-A / -methyl-formamidine (K.1 .57), / V-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-

[0192] 1.2.4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzenecarbothioamide (K.1 .59), / V-methoxy- / V-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-

[0193] 1.2.4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide (K.1.61), / V-((4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl)methyl)propanamide (K.1.62), 3,3,3-tri- fluoro-A / -[[3-fluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide

[0194] (K.1.63), 3,3,3-trifluoro-A / -[[2-fluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]- propanamide (K.1.64), A / -[2,3-difluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl]- butanamide (K.1 .65), / V-[[2,3-difluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]-

[0195] 3.3.3-trifluoro-propanamide (K.1.66), 1-methoxy-1-methyl-3-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-

[0196] 1.2.4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (K.1 .67), 1 ,1-diethyl-3-[[4-[5-[trifluoromethyl]-

[0197] 1.2.4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (K.1 .68), A / ,2-dimethoxy-A / -[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-

[0198] 1.2.4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide (K.1.69), / V-ethyl-2-methyl-A / -[[4-[5-(trifluoro- methyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide (K.1 .70), 1-methoxy-3-methyl-

[0199] 1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (K.1.71), 1-[[4-[5-(trifluoro- methyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one (K.1.72), 1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-

[0200] 1.2.4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one (K.1.73), 4-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-

[0201] 1.2.4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]morpholin-3-one (K.1.74), 4,4-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoro- methyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one (K.1.75), 2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-

[0202] 1.2.4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one (K.1.76), 5,5-dimethyl-

[0203] 2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one (K.1.77),

[0204] 3.3-dimethyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one

[0205] (K.1.78), 2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]oxazinan-3-one (K.1.79), 1-[[3-fluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]azepan-2-one (K.1.80),

[0206] 4.4-dimethyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one (K.1.81), 5-methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one (K.1.82), ethyl 1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-

[0207] 4-carboxylate (K.1.83), / V-methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]- phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide (K.1.84), A / ,A / -dimethyl-1-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-

[0208] 1.2.4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl]-1 / 7-1 ,2,4-triazol-3-amine (K.1.85), A / -methoxy-A / -methyl-

[0209] 1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide (K.1.86), propyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide (K.1.87), A / -methoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrazole-

[0210] 4-carboxamide (K.1.88), A / -al lyl- / -[[4-[5-(trifl uoromethy I)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol- 3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide (K.1.89), 3-ethyl-1-methoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (K.1.90), 1 ,3-dimethoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (K.1.91), / V-allyl- / V-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxa- diazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]acetamide (K.1.92), A / -[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]- benzyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide (K.1.93), 1-methyl-3-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol- 3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea (K.1.94), A / '-[2-chloro-4-(2-fluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-phenyl]-A / -ethyl- / V-methyl-formamidine (K.1.95), / V'-[2-chloro-4-[(4-methoxy-phenyl)methyl]-5-methyl-phenyl]- / V-ethyl- / V-methyl-formamidine (K.1.96), A / '-[2-chloro-4-[(4-cyano-phenyl)methyl]-5-methyl- phenyl]- / V-ethyl- / V-methyl-formamidine (K.1.97), A / '-[2,5-dimethyl-4-(o-tolylmethyl)phenyl]- / V-ethyl-N-methyl-formamidine (K.1.98), 6-chloro-3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)- / V-[2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]-5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (K.1.99), 3-(3-bromo-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-6-chloro- / V-[2-(2-chloro-4-methyl-phenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]-

[0211] 5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (K.1 .100), 6-chloro- / V-[2-(2-chloro-4-methyl-phenyl)-

[0212] 2.2-difluoro-ethyl]-3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (K.1.101), 6-chloro-3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-A / -[2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,2-difluoro- ethyl]-5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (K.1.102), 6-chloro-3-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)- / V-[2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]-5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (K.1.103), / V-[2-(2-bromo-4-methyl-phenyl)-2,2-difluoro-ethyl]-6-chloro-3-(3-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-

[0213] 5-methyl-pyridazine-4-carboxamide (K.1 .104), 2-[cyano-(2,6-difluoro-4-pyridyl)amino]-5-methyl- / V-spiro[3.4]octan-3-yl-thiazole-4-carboxamide, 2-[acetyl-(2,6-difluoro-4-pyridyl)amino]- / V-(2,2-dimethylcyclobutyl)-5-methyl-thiazole-4-carboxamide, 2-[(2,6-difluoro-4-pyridyl)- (2-methoxyacetyl)amino]- / V-(2,2-dimethylcyclobutyl)-5-methyl-thiazole-4-carboxamide, 2-[cyano- (2,6-difluoro-4-pyridyl)amino]- / V-(2,2-dimethylcyclobutyl)-5-methyl-thiazole-4-carboxamide, / V-[1-[[3-[2-(5-fluoro-2-methoxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-ethyl]-5-[(Z)-A / -isopropoxy-C-methyl- carbonimidoyl]-2,6-dioxo-pyrimidin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methyl-propyl]-2-methyl-propanamide, / V-[1-[[3-[2-(5-fluoro-2-methoxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-ethyl]-5-[(Z)-A / -isopropoxy-C-methyl- carbonimidoyl]-2,6-dioxo-pyrimidin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methyl-propyl]-2,2-dimethyl-propanamide, / V-[2-[3-[2-(5-fluoro-2-methoxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-ethyl]-5-[(Z)- / V-isopropoxy-C-methyl- carbonimidoyl]-2,6-dioxo-pyrimidin-1-yl]-1-methyl-ethyl]-2-methyl-propanamide, / V-[2-[3-[2-hydroxy-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-[(Z)- / V-isopropoxy-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]- 2,6-dioxo-pyrimidin-1-yl]-1-methyl-ethyl]-2-methyl-propanamide, A / -[2-[3-[2-(2-cyanoethoxy)- 2-(5-fluoro-2-methoxy-phenyl)ethyl]-5-[(Z)- / V-isopropoxy-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-2,6-dioxo- pyrimidin-1-yl]-1-methyl-ethyl]-2-methyl-propanamide, rac-3-[3-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-

[0214] 6-methyl-pyridazin-4-yl]-5-[(2-chloro-4-methyl-phenyl)methyl]-5,6-dihydro-4H-1 ,2,4-oxadiazine, (5S)-3-[3-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-6-methyl-pyridazin-4-yl]-5-[(2-chloro-4-methyl- phenyl)methyl]-5,6-dihydro-4H-1 ,2,4-oxadiazine, (5R)-3-[3-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)- 6-methyl-pyridazin-4-yl]-5-[(2-chloro-4-methyl-phenyl)methyl]-5,6-dihydro-4H-1 ,2,4-oxadiazine,

[0215] 2-(4-fluorophenoxy)-1-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethanone, 2-[(6-fluoro-

[0216] 3-pyridyl)oxy]-1-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethanone, 2-(4-fluoroanilino)- 1-[4-[5-(triflu°r°methyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]ethenone, ethyl 1-[[4-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)-

[0217] 1.3-dioxolan-2-yl]methoxy]phenyl]methyl]-1 / - / -pyrazole-4-carboxylate, ethyl 1-[[4-[[(1Z)-2-ethoxy-

[0218] 3.3.3-trifluoro-1-propen-1-yl]oxy]phenyl]methyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate; L) Biopesticides

[0219] L1) Microbial pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and / or plant defense activator activity: Ampelomyces quisqualis, Aspergillus flavus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Bacillus altitudinis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum (also referred to as B. velezensis), B. megatehum, B. mojavensis, B. mycoides, B. pumilus, B. simplex, B. solisalsi, B. subtilis, B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens, B. velezensis, Candida oleophila, C. saitoana, Clavibacter michiganensis (bacteriophages), Coniothyrium minitans, Cryphonectria parasitica, Cryptococcus albidus, Dilophosphora alopecuri, Fusarium oxysporum, Clonostachys rosea f. catenulate (also named Gliocladium catenulatum), Gliocladium roseum, Lysobacter antibioticus, L. enzymogenes, Metschnikowia fructicola, Microdochium dimerum, Microsphaeropsis ochracea, Muscodoralbus, Paenibacillus alvei, Paenibacillus epiphyticus, P. polymyxa, Pantoea vagans, Penicillium bilaiae, Phlebiopsis gigantea, Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas chloraphis, Pseudozyma flocculosa, Pichia anomala, Pythium oligandrum, Sphaerodes myco- parasitica, Streptomyces griseoviridis, S. lydicus, S. violaceusniger, Talaromyces flavus, Tricho- derma asperelloides, T. asperellum, T. atroviride, T. fertile, T. gamsii, T. harmatum, T. harzianum, T. polysporum, T. stromaticum, T. virens, T. viride, Typhula phacorrhiza, Ulocladium oudemansii, Verticillium dahliae, zucchini yellow mosaic virus (avirulent strain);

[0220] L2) Biochemical pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and / or plant defense activator activity: harpin protein, plant oils (BM3): tea tree oil, orange oil (L.2.1), eugenol, limonene (L.2.2), geraniol (L.2.3), thymol (L.2.4); Reynoutria sachalinensis extract, aureobasidin (in particular aureobasidin A (L.2.5)), ambruticin (L.2.6), bafilomycin (L.2.7) (in particular bafilomycin A1 , B1 and 01), chlorflavonin (L.2.8), cinnamaldehyde (L.2.9), natamycin (L.2.10; F8);

[0221] L3) Microbial pesticides with insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscidal and / or nematicidal activity: Agrobacterium radiobacter, Bacillus cereus, B. firmus, B. thuringiensis, B. thuringiensis ssp. aizawai, B. t. ssp. israelensis, B. t. ssp. galleriae, B. t. ssp. kurstaki, B. t. ssp. tenebrionis, Beauveria bassiana, B. brongniartii, Burkholderia spp., Chromobacterium subtsugae, Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV), Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (CrleGV), Flavobacterium spp., Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV), Helicoverpa zea nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzNPV), Helicoverpa zea single capsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Isaria fumosorosea, Lecanicillium longisporum, L. muscarium, Metarhizium anisopliae, M. anisopliae var. anisopliae, M. anisopliae var. acridum, Nomuraea rileyi, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, P. lilacinus, Paenibacillus popilliae, Pasteuria spp., P. nishizawae, P. penetrans, P. ramosa, P. thornea, P. usgae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliNPV), Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae, S. kraussei, Streptomyces gal bus, S. microflavus',

[0222] L4) Biochemical pesticides with insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscidal, pheromone and / or nematicidal activity: L-carvone, citral, (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate, ethyl formate, (E,Z)-2,4-ethyl decadienoate (pear ester), (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal, heptyl butyrate, isopropyl myristate, lavanulyl senecioate, cis-jasmone, 2-methyl-1-butanol, methyl eugenol, methyl jasmonate, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate, (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol, (R)-1-octen-3-ol, pentatermanone, (E,Z,Z)-3,8,11-tetradecatrienyl acetate, (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate, (Z)-7-tetradecen-2-one, (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-11-tetradecenal, (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol, extract of Chenopodium ambrosiodes, Neem oil, Quillay extract; L5) Microbial pesticides with plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator, plant growth promoting and / or yield enhancing activity: Azospirillum amazonense, A. brasilense, A. lipoferum, A. irakense, A. halopraeferens, Bradyrhizobium spp., B. elkanii, B. japonicum, B. liaoningense, B. lupini, Delftia acidovorans, Glomus intraradices, Mesorhizobium spp., Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli, R. I. bv. trifolii, R. I. bv. viciae, R. tropici, Sinorhizobium meliloti;

[0223] O) Insecticides from classes 0.1 to 0.29 (IRAC classes 1 to 29):

[0224] O.1 Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors: carbamates (1A): aldicarb, alanycarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC, xylylcarb; organophosphates (1 B): acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphosmethyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos- methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, trichlorfon, vamidothion;

[0225] O.2 GABA-gated chloride channel blockers: (2A): chlordane, endosulfan; (2B): ethiprole, fipronil, flufiprole, nicofluprole, pyrafluprole, pyriprole;

[0226] 0.3 Sodium channel modulators: pyrethroids (3A): acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, appa-bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cylclopentenyl, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, / ambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, a / pha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, fbeta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluval inate, halfenprox, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, meperfluthrin, metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, eps / 7on-momfluorothrin, permethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrins (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfl uthrin; (3B): DDT, methoxychlor;

[0227] 0.4 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators: neonicotinoids (4A): acetamiprid, clothianidin, cycloxaprid, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam; 4,5-dihydro- / V-nitro-1-(2-oxiranylmethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-amine, (2E)-1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]- / V-nitro-2-pentylidenehydrazinecarboximidamide; 1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-5-propoxy-1 ,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimid- azo[1 ,2-a]pyridine; (4B) nicotine; sufoximines (4C): sulfoxaflor; butenolindes (4D): flupyradifurone; mesionics (4E): dicloromezotiaz, fenmezoditiaz, triflumezopyrim, pyridylidenes (4F): flupyrimin, 1-[(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)- pyrido[1 ,2-a]pyrimidine-2, 4-dione;

[0228] 0.5 nAChR allosteric modulators: spinetoram, spinosad;

[0229] 0.6 Glutamate gated chloride channel allosteric modulators: abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin, milbemectin; 0.7 Juvenile hormone receptor modulators: hormone analogs (7A): hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene; fenoxycarb (7B), pyriproxyfen (7C);

[0230] O.8 miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors: methyl bromide and other alkyl halides; chloropicrin, cryolite, sulfuryl fluoride, borax, tartar emetic;

[0231] O.9 Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators: afidopyropen, pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazon; 0.10 Mite growth inhibitors: clofentezine, diflovidazin, hexythiazox; etoxazole;

[0232] 0.11 Microbial disruptors of midgut membranes: Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. B. t. subsp. aizawai, B. t. subsp. kurstaki, B. t. subsp. tenebrionis, B. sphaericus B.t. crop proteins: CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylFa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34 / 35Ab1;

[0233] 0.12 Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase: diafenthiuron; azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, propargite, tetradifon;

[0234] 0.13 Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient: chlorfenapyr, DNOC, sulfluramid;

[0235] 0.14 nAChR channel blockers: bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, thiosultap-sodium;

[0236] 0.15 Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis CHS1 : bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron;

[0237] 0.16 Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 1: buprofezin;

[0238] 0.17 Moulting disruptors: cyromazine;

[0239] 0.18 Ecdyson receptor agonists: methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, fufenozide, chromafenozide;

[0240] 0.19 Octopamin receptor agonists: amitraz;

[0241] 0.20 Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors - Qo site: hydramethylnon, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim, flupyroxystrobin, bifenazate;

[0242] 0.21 Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors: fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad; rotenone;

[0243] 0.22 Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers: indoxacarb, metaflumizone, oxazosulfyl, 2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-A / -[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]- hydrazinecarboxamide, A / -(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)- [4-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl]methylene]-hydrazinecarboxamide, A / -[4-chloro-

[0244] 2-[[(1 ,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-

[0245] 3-(fluoromethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, 2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)- 1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]- / V-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide;

[0246] 0.23 Inhibitors of the of acetyl CoA carboxylase: spidoxamat, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat, spiropidion, spirobudifen, 11-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-1 ,4-dioxa- 9-azadispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradec-11-en-10-one;

[0247] 0.24 Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors: aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine, zinc phosphide, cyanide;

[0248] 0.25 Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors: cyclobutrifluram, cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen, cyetpyrafen, pyflubumide;

[0249] 0.28 Ryanodine receptor-modulators: chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, cyhalodiamide, flubendiamide, pixoaniliprole, fluchlodiniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, tetraniliprole, tiorantraniliprole, (R)-3-chloro- / V1-{2-methyl-4-[1 ,2,2,2 -tetrafluoro-1-(trifluorometh- yl)ethyl]phenyl}-A / 2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide, (S)-3-chloro-A / 1-{2-methyl-

[0250] 4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-A / 2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)- phthalamide, methyl-2-[3,5-dibromo-2-({[3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1 / - / -pyrazol-5-yl]- carbonyl}amino)benzoyl]-1 ,2-dimethylhydrazinecarboxylate; / V-[4,6-dichloro-2-[(diethyl- / ambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole- 3-carboxamide; A / -[4-chloro-2-[(diethyl-Za / 77bda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]- 2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; ZV-[2-(5-amino-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-

[0251] 2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1Z-Z-pyrazole-5-carboxamide;

[0252] 3-chloro-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)- / V-[2,4-dichloro-6-[[(1-cyano-1-methylethyl)- amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; / V-[4-chloro-2-[[(1 ,1-dimethylethyl)- amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1 / - / -pyrazole-

[0253] 5-carboxamide; A / -[2-(5-amino-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo- 1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1 / -Z-pyrazole- 5- carboxamide;

[0254] 0.29 Chordotonal organ modulators: flonicamid;

[0255] 0.30 GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulators: broflanilide, cyproflanilide, fluralaner, fluxametamide, isocycloseram, lotilaner, piperflanilide, sarolaner, tigolaner, umifoxolaner;

[0256] 0.33 Calcium-activated potassium channel modulators: acynonapyr;

[0257] 0.34 Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors - Qi site: flometoquin;

[0258] 0.35 RNA interference mediated target suppressors: ledprona;

[0259] 0.36: Chordotonal organ modulators: dimpropyridaz;

[0260] O.UN Unknown or uncertain mode of action: afoxolaner, azadirachtin, amidoflumet, benzoxi- mate, benzpyrimoxan, bromopropylate, bisulfufen, chinomethionat, dicofol, fluazaindolizine, flufenerim, fluensulfone, fluhexafon, flupentiofenox, indazapyroxamet, isoflualanam, metaldehyde, metoxadiazone, piperonyl butoxide, pyridalyl, sulfiflumin, tioxazafen, trifluenfuronate, tyclopyrazoflor;11-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-1 ,4-dioxa-9-azadispi- ro[4.2.4.2]-tetradec-11-en-10-one, 3-(4’-fluoro-2,4-dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa- 1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 4-cyano- / V-[2-cyano-5-[[[2,6-dibromo-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro- 1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide, 4-cyano-

[0261] 3-[(4-cyano-2-methyl-benzoyl)amino]- / -[2,6-dichloro-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoro- methyl)propyl]phenyl]-2-fluoro-benzamide, A / -[5-[[[2-chloro-6-cyano-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-

[0262] 1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide, / V-[5-[[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]- phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide, A / -[5-[[[2-bromo-

[0263] 6-chloro-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-2-cyano- phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide, 4-cyano- / V-[2-cyano-5-[[[2,6-dichloro-

[0264] 4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-2-methyl- benzamide, 1-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)- 1H-1 ,2,4-triazole-5-amine, A / -[5-[[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)- ethyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide, 4-cyano- / V-[2-cyano-5-[[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]amino]- carbonyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide, 5-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenoxy]prop- oxy]-1H-pyrazole; A / -[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)-propyl]- phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide; 4-cyano-A / -[2-cyano-

[0265] 5-[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)-propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-

[0266] 2-methyl-benzamide; 4-cyano- / V-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoro- methyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-'phenyl]-2-methyl-benzamide; / -[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro- 4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carba-'moyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano- 2-methyl-benzamide; 2-(1 ,3-dioxan-2-yl)-6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-pyridine; 2-[6-[2-(5-fluoro-

[0267] 3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazo-'lyl]-2-pyridinyl]-pyrimidine; 2-[6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridinyl]- pyrimidine; A / -methylsuhfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide;

[0268] / V-methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide; 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)- methyl]-1 ,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-5-methoxy-7-methyl-8-nitro-imidazo[1 , 2-a] py ri dine; 1-[(6-chlo- ropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-5-ol; / V-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)-[4-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl]- methylene]-hydrazinecarboxamide; 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-

[0269] 5-methoxy-7-methyl-8-nitro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine; 2-(3-pyridinyl)-A / -(2-pyrimidinylmethyl)- 2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; A / -[4-chloro-3-[[(phenylmethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-methyl- 3-(1,1 ,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 / - / -pyrazole-5-carboxamide; A / -[4-chloro-

[0270] 3-[[(phenylmethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-methyl-3-(1 , 1 ,2,2, 2-pentafluoroethyl)-

[0271] 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridyl)-3-methyl-

[0272] 6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]- 3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine; / -[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-

[0273] 2-methyl-5-(1 ,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide, A / -[4-chloro-

[0274] 3-[( 1 -cyanocyclopropyl)carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-5-(1 , 1 ,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluorome- thyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; [(2S,3 / ?,4f?,5S,6S)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl-4-propoxy-tetrahydro- pyran-2-yl]-A / -[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate;

[0275] [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4l5-trimethoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]-A / -[4-[1-[4-(trifluorometh- oxy)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; [(2S,3 / ?,4 / ?,5S,6S)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl-

[0276] 4-propoxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]- / V-[4-[1-[4-(1,1 ,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-triazol- 3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; [(2S,3R,4 / ?,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]- / V-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate;

[0277] (2Z)-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl] phenyl]- methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one, (2Z)-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4-(1 ,1 ,2,2,2-pen- tafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one, (2Z)-3-(2-isopro-ipyhphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1 -[4-(1 , 1 ,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1 ,2,4-triazol- 3-yl]phenyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one; 2-(6-chloro-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1 ,2-a]py- ridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(6-bromo-3-ethylsulfonyl- imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl- 6-iodo-imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(7-chloro- 3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine,

[0278] 2-(7-chloro-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(tri- fluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-7-iodo-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-

[0279] 3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 3-ethylsulfonyl-6-iodo-2-[3-methyl-6-(tri- fluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl- 8-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)- imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl- 6-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)imi- dazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine, 2-(6-bromo-3-ethyl- sulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine; / V-[[2-fluoro-

[0280] 4-[(2S,3S)-2-hydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]phenyl]methyl]cy- clopropanecarboxamide, A / -[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridyl)pyrazol-4-yl]-2-methylsulfonyl-propanamide, / V-[4-chloro-3-[(1-cyanocyclopropyl)carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-4-methylsulfonyl- 5-(1 , 1 ,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide, 1 ,4-dimethyl-2-[2-(pyridin-3-yl)- 2H-indazol-5-yl]-1, 2, 4-triazolidine-3, 5-dione, A / -[4-chloro-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]- / V-ethyl- 3-methylsulfonyl-propanamide, / V-cyclopropyl-5-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)- 5-(trifluoromethyl)-4 / 7-isoxazol-3-yl]isoquinoline-8-carboxamide, 5-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichloro-4-fluoro- phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3-yl]- / V-(pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)isoquinoline- 8-carboxamide, A / -[1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide,

[0281] 5-((1R,3 / ?)-3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropane-1-carboxamido)- 2-chloro- / V-(3-(2,2-difluoroacetamido)-2,4-difluorophenyl)benzamide, 1-[6-(2,2-difluoro-7-methyl- [1 ,3]dioxolo[4,5-f]benzimidazol-6-yl)-5-ethylsulfonyl-3-pyridyl]cyclopropanecarbonitrile,

[0282] 6-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridyl)-2,2-difluoro-7-methyl-[1 ,3]dioxolo[4,5-f] benzimidazole, 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-A / -[(1 S)-1-[1 -[6-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]-1 H-1 ,2,4-triazol-5-yl]ethyl]- benzamide, 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridyl)-5-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropoxy)pyrazine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl- 6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 9-(methoxymethyl)-5-(3-pyridyl)-2-oxa- 5,6,9,14-tetrazatricyclo[8.4.0.0A{3,7}]tetradeca-1 (10),3,6,11 ,13-pentaen-8-one,

[0283] 2-[5-[(E)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-prop-1-enyl]-1-methyl-imidazol-2-yl]-5-cyclopropyl-

[0284] 3-ethylsulfonyl-pyridine, 2-(5-cyclopropyl-3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)- 1,3- benzoxazole.

[0285] The active substances referred to as fungicides, plant growth regulators and insecticides herein, their preparation and their activity (www.bcpcpesticidecompendium.bcpc.org / ); many of them are commercially available. Compounds defined by IUPAC nomenclature, their preparation and pesticidal activity are also known (e.g. Can. J. Plant Sci. 48(6), 587-94, 1968; EP-141 317; EP-152 031; EP-226 917; EP-243 970; EP-256 503; EP-428 941 ; EP-532 022; EP-1 028 125; EP-1 035 122; EP-1 201 648; EP-1 122 244, JP2002316902; DE19650197; DE10021412;

[0286] DE102005009458; US 3,296,272; US 3,325,503; WO 98 / 46608; WO 99 / 14187; WO 99 / 24413;

[0287] WO 99 / 27783; WO 00 / 29404; WO 00 / 46148; WO 00 / 65913; WO 01 / 54501 ; WO 01 / 56358;

[0288] WO 02 / 22583; WO 02 / 40431; WO 03 / 10149; WO 03 / 11853; WO 03 / 14103; WO 03 / 16286;

[0289] WO 03 / 53145; WO 03 / 61388; WO 03 / 66609; WO 03 / 74491 ; WO 04 / 49804; WO 04 / 83193;

[0290] WO 05 / 120234; WO 05 / 123689; WO 05 / 123690; WO 05 / 63721; WO 05 / 87772; WO 05 / 87773; WO 06 / 15866; WO 06 / 87325; WO 06 / 87343; WO 07 / 82098; WO 07 / 90624, WO 10 / 139271 , WO 11 / 028657, WO 12 / 168188, WO 07 / 006670, WO 11 / 77514; WO 13 / 047749,

[0291] WO 10 / 069882, WO 13 / 047441, WO 03 / 16303, WO 09 / 90181 , WO 13 / 007767, WO 13 / 010862, WO 13 / 127704, WO 13 / 024009, WO 13 / 24010, WO 13 / 047441, WO 13 / 162072,

[0292] WO 13 / 092224, WO 11 / 135833, CN 1907024, CN 1456054, CN 103387541, CN 1309897, WO 12 / 84812, CN 1907024, WO 09094442, WO 14 / 60177, WO 13 / 116251 , WO 08 / 013622, WO 15 / 65922, WO 94 / 01546, EP 2865265, WO 07 / 129454, WO 12 / 165511 , WO 11 / 081174, WO 13 / 47441, WO 16 / 156241 , WO 16 / 162265, WO 23 / 99460, WO 21 / 244950, WO 21 / 244951, WO 22 / 130188, WO 22 / 243810, WO 21 / 255070, WO 21 / 176057, WO 21 / 153754, JP2023064110, JP2022153603, JP2022046550, JP2022031355, WO 22 / 249074, WO 23 / 046861 , WO 18 / 177894, WO 20 / 212513, WO 20 / 097012, US 2023 / 0069915.

[0293] According to the invention, the solid material (dry matter) of the biopesticides (with the exception of oils such as Neem oil) are considered as active components (e.g. to be obtained after drying or evaporation of the extraction or suspension medium in case of liquid formulations of the microbial pesticides). The weight ratios and percentages used for a biological extract such as Qui I lay extract are based on the total weight of the dry content (solid material) of the respective extract(s).

[0294] The total weight ratios of compositions comprising at least one microbial pesticide in the form of viable microbial cells including dormant forms, can be determined using the amount of CFU of the respective microorganism to calculate the total weight of the respective active component with the following equation that 1 x 1010CFU equals one gram of total weight of the respective active component. Colony forming unit is measure of viable microbial cells. In addition, CFU may also be understood as the number of (juvenile) individual nematodes in case of nematode biopesticides, such as Steinernema feltiae.

[0295] In the binary mixtures the weight ratio of the component 1) and the component 2) generally depends from the properties of the components used, usually it is in the range of from 1 :10,000 to 10,000:1 , often from 1 :100 to 100:1, regularly from 1 :50 to 50:1 , preferably from 1 :20 to 20:1 , more preferably from 1:10 to 10:1 , even more preferably from 1 :4 to 4:1 and in particular from 1:2 to 2:1. According to further embodiments, the weight ratio of the component 1) and the component 2) usually is in the range of from 1000: 1 to 1 : 1 , often from 100: 1 to 1 : 1 , regularly from 50:1 to 1:1 , preferably from 20:1 to 1:1 , more preferably from 10:1 to 1 :1 , even more preferably from 4:1 to 1 :1 and in particular from 2:1 to 1:1. According to further embodiments, the weight ratio of the component 1) and the component 2) usually is in the range of from 20,000:1 to 1 :10, often from 10,000:1 to 1 :1 , regularly from 5,000:1 to 5:1 , preferably from 5,000:1 to 10:1, more preferably from 2,000:1 to 30:1 , even more preferably from 2,000:1 to 100:1 and in particular from 1 ,000:1 to 100:1. According to further embodiments, the weight ratio of the component 1) and the component 2) usually is in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :1000, often from 1:1 to 1 :100, regularly from 1:1 to 1 :50, preferably from 1:1 to 1 :20, more preferably from 1:1 to 1 :10, even more preferably from 1 :1 to 1:4 and in particular from 1:1 to 1 :2. According to further embodiments, the weight ratio of the component 1) and the component 2) usually is in the range of from 10:1 to 1 :20,000, often from 1 :1 to 1 :10,000, regularly from 1 :5 to 1:5,000, preferably from 1:10 to 1 :5,000, more preferably from 1 :30 to 1:2,000, even more preferably from 1 :100 to 1:2,000 to and in particular from 1 :100 to 1:1 ,000.

[0296] In the ternary mixtures, i.e. compositions comprising the component 1) and component 2) and a compound III (component 3), the weight ratio of component 1) and component 2) depends from the properties of the active substances used, usually it is in the range of from 1 :100 to 100:1 , regularly from 1 :50 to 50:1 , preferably from 1:20 to 20:1 , more preferably from 1 :10 to 10:1 and in particular from 1 :4 to 4:1 , and the weight ratio of component 1) and component 3) usually it is in the range of from 1 :100 to 100:1 , regularly from 1:50 to 50:1 , preferably from 1 :20 to 20:1 , more preferably from 1:10 to 10:1 and in particular from 1:4 to 4:1. Any further active components are, if desired, added in a ratio of from 20:1 to 1:20 to the component 1). These ratios are also suitable for mixtures applied by seed treatment.

[0297] When mixtures comprising microbial pesticides are employed in crop protection, the application rates range from 1 x 106to 5 x 1016(or more) CFU / ha, preferably from 1 x 108to 1 x 1013CFU / ha, and even more preferably from 1 x 109to 5 x 1015CFU / ha and in particular from 1 x 1012to 5 x 1014CFU / ha. In the case of nematodes as microbial pesticides (e.g. Steinernema feltiae), the application rates regularly range from 1 x 105to 1 x 1012(or more), preferably from 1 x 1O8to 1 x 1011, more preferably from 5 x 108to 1 x 1010individuals (e.g. in the form of eggs, juvenile or any other live stages, preferably in an infective juvenile stage) per ha.

[0298] When mixtures comprising microbial pesticides are employed in seed treatment, the application rates generally range from 1 x 106to 1 x 1012(or more) CFU / seed, preferably from 1 x 106to 1 x 109CFU / seed. Furthermore, the application rates with respect to seed treatment generally range from 1 x 107to 1 x 1014(or more) CFU per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 x 109to 1 x 1012CFU per 100 kg of seed.

[0299] Preference is given to mixtures comprising as fungicide at least one active substance selected from inhibitors of complex III at Qosite in group A), more preferably selected from compounds (A.1.1), (A.1.4), (A.1.8), (A.1.9), (A.1.10), (A.1.12), (A.1.13), (A.1.14), (A.1.17), (A.1.21), (A.1.25), (A.1.34) and (A.1.35); particularly selected from (A.1.1), (A.1.4), (A.1.8), (A.1.9), (A.1.13), (A.1.14), (A.1.17), (A.1.25), (A.1.34) and (A.1.35).

[0300] Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as fungicide at least one active substance selected from inhibitors of complex III at Q, site in group A), more preferably selected from compounds (A.2.1), (A.2.3), (A.2.4) and (A.2.6); particularly selected from (A.2.3), (A.2.4) and (A.2.6).

[0301] Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as fungicide at least one active substance selected from inhibitors of complex II in group A), more preferably selected from compounds (A.3.2), (A.3.3), (A.3.4), (A.3.7), (A.3.9), (A.3.11), (A.3.12), (A.3.15), (A.3.16), (A.3.17), (A.3.18), (A.3.19), (A.3.20), (A.3.21), (A.3.22), (A.3.23), (A.3.24), (A.3.28), (A.3.31), (A.3.32), (A.3.33), (A.3.34), (A.3.35), (A.3.36), (A.3.37), (A.3.38) and (A.3.39); particularly selected from (A.3.2), (A.3.3), (A.3.4), (A.3.7), (A.3.9), (A.3.12), (A.3.15), (A.3.17), (A.3.19), (A.3.22), (A.3.23), (A.3.24), (A.3.31), (A.3.32), (A.3.33), (A.3.34), (A.3.35), (A.3.36), (A.3.37), (A.3.38) and (A.3.39).

[0302] Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as fungicide at least one active substance selected from other respiration inhibitors and QoSI in group A), more preferably selected from compounds (A.4.5) and (A.5.1); in particular (A.5.1).

[0303] Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as fungicide at least one active substance selected from C14 demethylase inhibitors in group B), more preferably selected from compounds (B.1.4), (B.1.5), (B.1.8), (B.1.10), (B.1.11), (B.1.12), (B.1.13), (B.1.17), (B.1.18), (B.1.21), (B.1.22), (B.1.23), (B.1.25), (B.1.26), (B.1.29), (B.1.33), (B.1.34), (B.1.37), (B.1.38), (B.1.43), (B.1.46), (B.1.53), (B.1.54), (B.1.55), (B.1.56) and (B.1.57); particularly selected from (B.1.5), (B.1.8), (B.1.10), (B.1.17), (B.1.22), (B.1.23), (B.1.25), (B.1.33), (B.1.34), (B.1.37), (B.1.38), (B.1.43) and (B.1.46), (B.1.56) and (B.1.57).

[0304] Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as fungicide at least one active substance selected from Delta14-reductase inhibitors in group B), more preferably selected from compounds (B.2.4), (B.2.5), (B.2.6) and (B.2.8); in particular (B.2.4).

[0305] Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as fungicide at least one active substance selected from phenylamides and acyl amino acid fungicides in group C), more preferably selected from compounds (C.1.1), (C.1.2), (C.1.4) and (C.1.5); particularly selected from (C.1.1) and (C.1.4).

[0306] Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as fungicide at least one active substance selected from other nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors in group C), more preferably selected from compounds (C.2.6), (C.2.7), (C.2.8), (C.5.1), (C.5.2) and (C.5.3); in particular from (C.5.1), (C.5.2) and (C.5.3).

[0307] Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as fungicide at least one active substance selected from group D), more preferably selected from compounds (D.1.1), (D.1.2), (D.1.5), (D.2.4) and (D.2.6); particularly selected from (D.1.2), (D.1.5) and (D.2.6).

[0308] Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as fungicide at least one active substance selected from group E), more preferably selected from compounds (E.1.1), (E.1.3), (E.2.2) and (E.2.3); in particular (E.1.3).

[0309] Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as fungicide at least one active substance selected from group F), more preferably selected from compounds (F.1.2), (F.1.4) and (F.1.5). Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as fungicide at least one active substance selected from group G), more preferably selected from compounds (G.5.1), (G.5.3), (G.5.4), (G.5.5), G.5.6), G.5.7), (G.5.8), (G.5.9), (G.5.10) and (G.5.11); particularly selected from (G.5.1) and (G.5.3).

[0310] Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as fungicide at least one active substance selected from group H), more preferably selected from compounds (H.2.2), (H.2.3), (H.2.5), (H.2.7), (H.2.8), (H.3.2), (H.3.4), (H.3.5), (H.4.9) and (H.4.10); particularly selected from (H.2.2), (H.2.5), (H.3.2), (H.4.9) and (H.4.10).

[0311] Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as fungicide at least one active substance selected from group I), more preferably selected from compounds (1.2.2), (1.2.5), (1.3.1), (1.3.3) and (1.3.6); in particular (1.3.1).

[0312] Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as fungicide at least one active substance selected from group J), more preferably selected from compounds (J.1.2), (J.1.5), (J.1.8), (J.1.11) and (J.1.12); in particular (J.1.5).

[0313] Preference is also given to mixtures comprising as fungicide at least one active substance selected from group K), more preferably selected from compounds (K.1.24), (K.1.41), (K.1.42), (K.1.57), (K.1.58), (K.1.59) and (K.1.60); particularly selected from (K.1.24), (K.1.41), (K.1.57), (K.1.58), (K.1.59) and (K.1.60).

[0314] The biopesticides from group L1) and / or L2) may also have insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscicidal, pheromone, nematicidal, plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator, plant growth promoting and / or yield enhancing activity. The biopesticides from group L3) and / or L4) may also have fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal, plant defense activator, plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator, plant growth promoting and / or yield enhancing activity. The biopesticides from group L5) may also have fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal, plant defense activator, insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscicidal, pheromone and / or nematicidal activity.

[0315] The microbial pesticides, in particular those from groups L1), L3) and L5), embrace not only the isolated, pure cultures of the respective microorganism as defined herein, but also its cell-free extract, its suspension in a whole broth culture and a metabolite-containing culture medium or a purified metabolite obtained from a whole broth culture of the microorganism.

[0316] Many of these biopesticides have been deposited under deposition numbers mentioned herein (the prefixes such as ATCC or DSM refer to the acronym of the respective culture collection, for details see e.g. here: http: / / www. wfcc.info / ccinfo / collection / by acronym / ), are referred to in literature, registered and / or are commercially available: mixtures of Aureobasidium pullulans DSM 14940 and DSM 14941 isolated in 1989 in Konstanz, Germany (e g. blastospores in Blossom Protect® from bio-ferm GmbH, Austria), Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 originally isolated in wheat reagion of South Brazil (Passo Fundo) at least prior to 1980 (BR 11005; e.g. GELFIX® Gramineas from BASF Agricultural Specialties Ltd., Brazil), A. brasilense strains Ab- V5 and Ab-V6 (e.g. in AzoMax from Novozymes BioAg Produtos papra Agricultura Ltda., Quattro Barras, Brazil or Simbiose-Malz® from Simbiose-Agro, Brazil; Plant Soil 331, 413-425, 2010), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain AP-188 (NRRL B- 50615 and B-50331; US 8,445,255); B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum strains formerly B. subtilis, recently classified as B. velezensis (Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 66, 1212-1217, 2016): 8. a. ssp. plantarum or 8. velezensis D747 isolated from air in Kikugawa-shi, Japan (US 20130236522 A1 ; FERM BP-8234; e.g. Double Nickel™ 55 WDG from Certis LLC, USA), 8. a. ssp. plantarum or 8. velezensis FZB24 isolated from soil in Brandenburg, Germany (also called SB3615; DSM 96-2; J. Plant Dis. Prot. 105, 181-197, 1998; e.g. Taegro® from Novozyme Biologicals, Inc., USA), 8. a. ssp. plantarum or 8. velezensis FZB42 isolated from soil in Brandenburg, Germany (DSM 23117; J. Plant Dis. Prot. 105, 181-197, 1998; e.g. RhizoVital® 42 from AbiTEP GmbH, Germany), 8. a. ssp. plantarum or 8. velezensis MBI600 isolated from faba bean in Sutton Bonington, Nottinghamshire, U.K. at least before 1988 (also called 1430; NRRL B-50595; US 2012 / 0149571 A1 ; e.g. Integral® from BASF Corp., USA), 8. a. ssp. plantarum or 8. velezensis QST-713 isolated from peach orchard in 1995 in California, U.S.A. (NRRL B-21661; e.g. Serenade® MAX from Bayer Crop Science LP, USA), 8. a. ssp. plantarum or 8. velezensis TJ1000 isolated in 1992 in South Dakoda, U.S.A, (also called 1 BE; ATCC BAA-390; CA 2471555 A1 ; e.g. QuickRoots™ from TJ Technologies, Watertown, SD, USA); 8. firmus CNCM 1-1582, a variant of parental strain EIP-N1 (CNCM 1-1556) isolated from soil of central plain area of Israel (WO 2009 / 126473, US 6,406,690; e.g. Votivo® from Bayer CropScience LP, USA), 8. pumilus GHA 180 isolated from apple tree rhizosphere in Mexico (IDAC 260707-01 ; e.g. PROMIX® BX from Premier Horticulture, Quebec, Canada), 8. pumilus INR-7 otherwise referred to as BU-F22 and BU-F33 isolated at least before 1993 from cucumber infested by Erwinia tracheiphila (NRRL B-50185, NRRL B-50153; US 8,445,255), 8. pumilus KFP9F isolated from the rhizosphere of grasses in South Africa at least before 2008 (NRRL B-50754;

[0317] WO 2014 / 029697; e.g. BAC-UP or FUSION-P from BASF Agricultural Specialities (Pty) Ltd., South Africa), 8. pumilus QST 2808 was isolated from soil collected in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia, in 1998 (NRRL B-30087; e.g. Sonata® or Ballad® Plus from Bayer Crop Science LP, USA), 8. simplex ABU 288 (NRRL B-50304; US 8,445,255), 8. subtilis FB17 also called UD 1022 or UD10-22 isolated from red beet roots in North America (ATCC PTA-11857; System. Appl. Microbiol. 27, 372-379, 2004; US 2010 / 0260735; WO 2011 / 109395); 8. thurin- giensis ssp. aizawai ABTS-1857 isolated from soil taken from a lawn in Ephraim, Wisconsin, U.S.A., in 1987 (also called ABG-6346; ATCC SD-1372; e.g. XenTari® from BioFa AG, Munsingen, Germany), 8. t. ssp. kurstaki ABTS-351 identical to HD-1 isolated in 1967 from diseased Pink Bollworm black larvae in Brownsville, Texas, U.S.A. (ATCC SD-1275; e.g. Dipel® DF from Valent BioSciences, IL, USA), 8. t. ssp. kurstaki SB4 isolated from E. saccharina larval cadavers (NRRL B-50753; e.g. Beta Pro® from BASF Agricultural Specialities (Pty) Ltd., South Africa), 8. t. ssp. tenebrionis NB-176-1 , a mutant of strain NB-125, a wild type strain isolated in 1982 from a dead pupa of the beetle Tenebrio molitor (DSM 5480; EP 585215 B1; e.g. Novodor® from Valent BioSciences, Switzerland), Beauveria bassiana GHA (ATCC 74250; e.g. BotaniGard® 22WGP from Laverlam Int. Corp., USA), 8. bassiana JW-1 (ATCC 74040; e.g. Naturalis® from CBC (Europe) S.r.l., Italy), 8. bassiana PPRI 5339 isolated from the larva of the tortoise beetle Conchyloctenia punctata (NRRL 50757; e.g. BroadBand® from BASF Agricultural Specialities (Pty) Ltd., South Africa), Bradyrhizobium elkanii strains SEMIA 5019 (also called 29W) isolated in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and SEMIA 587 isolated in 1967 in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, from an area previously inoculated with a North American isolate, and used in commercial inoculants since 1968 (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73(8), 2635, 2007; e.g. GELFIX 5 from BASF Agricultural Specialties Ltd., Brazil), B. japonicum 532c isolated from Wisconsin field in U.S.A. (Nitragin 61A152; Can. J. Plant. Sci. 70, 661-666, 1990; e.g. in Rhizoflo®, Histick®, Hicoat® Super from BASF Agricultural Specialties Ltd., Canada), B. japonicum E-109 variant of strain USDA 138 (INTA E109, SEMIA 5085; Eur. J. Soil Biol. 45, 28-35, 2009; Biol. Fertil. Soils 47, 81-89, 2011); B. japonicum strains deposited at SEMIA known from Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73(8), 2635, 2007: SEMIA 5079 isolated from soil in Cerrados region, Brazil by Embrapa-Cerrados used in commercial inoculants since 1992 (CPAC 15; e g. GELFIX 5 or ADHERE 60 from BASF Agricultural Specialties Ltd., Brazil), B. japonicum SEMIA 5080 obtained under lab condtions by Embrapa-Cerrados in Brazil and used in commercial inoculants since 1992, being a natural variant of SEMIA 586 (CB1809) originally isolated in U.S.A. (CPAC 7; e g. GELFIX 5 or ADHERE 60 from BASF Agricultural Specialties Ltd., Brazil); Burkholdeha sp. A396 isolated from soil in Nikko, Japan, in 2008 (NRRL B-50319; WO 2013 / 032693; Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc., USA), Coniothyrium minitans CON / M / 91-08 isolated from oilseed rape (WO 1996 / 021358; DSM 9660; e.g. Contans® WG, Intercept® WG from Bayer CropScience AG, Germany), harpin (alpha-beta) protein (Science 257, 85-88, 1992; e.g. Messenger™ or HARP-N-Tek from Plant Health Care pic, U.K.), Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) (J. Invertebrate Pathol. 107, 112-126, 2011; e.g. Helicovex® from Adermatt Biocontrol, Switzerland; Diplomata® from Koppert, Brazil; Vivus® Max from AgBiTech Pty Ltd., Queensland, Australia), Helicoverpa zea single capsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV) (e.g. Gemstar® from Certis LLC, USA), Helicoverpa zea nucleopolyhedrovirus ABA- NPV-U (e.g. Heligen® from AgBiTech Pty Ltd., Queensland, Australia), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (e.g. Nemasys® G from BASF Agricultural Specialities Limited, UK), Isaria fumosorosea Apopka-97 isolated from mealy bug on gynura in Apopka, Florida, U.S.A. (ATCC 20874; Biocontrol Science Technol. 22(7), 747-761 , 2012; e.g. PFR-97™ or PreFeRal® from Certis LLC, USA), Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae F52 also called 275 or V275 isolated from codling moth in Austria (DSM 3884, ATCC 90448; e.g. Met52® Novozymes Biologicals BioAg Group, Canada), Metschnikowia fructicola 277 isolated from grapes in the central part of Israel (US 6,994,849; NRRL Y-30752; e.g. formerly Shemer® from Agrogreen, Israel), Paecilomyces ilacinus 251 isolated from infected nematode eggs in the Philippines (AGAL 89 / 030550; WO1991 / 02051; Crop Protection 27, 352-361, 2008; e.g. BioAct®from Bayer CropScience AG, Germany and MeloCon® from Certis, USA), Paenibacillus alvei NAS6G6 isolated from the rhizosphere of grasses in South Africa at least before 2008 (WO 2014 / 029697; NRRL B-50755; e.g. BAC-UP from BASF Agricultural Specialities (Pty) Ltd., South Africa), Paenibacillus strains isolated from soil samples from a variety of European locations including Germany: P. epiphyticus Lu17015 (WO 2016 / 020371 ; DSM 26971), P. polymyxa ssp. plantarum Lu16774 (WO 2016 / 020371; DSM 26969), P. p. ssp. plantarum strain Lu17007 (WO 2016 / 020371 ; DSM 26970); Pasteuria nishizawae Pn1 isolated from a soybean field in the mid-2000s in Illinois, U.S.A. (ATCC SD-5833; Federal Register 76(22), 5808, February 2, 2011 ; e.g. Clariva™ PN from Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, USA), Penicillium bilaiae (also called P. bilaii) strains ATCC 18309 (= ATCC 74319), ATCC 20851 and / or ATCC 22348 (= ATCC 74318) originally isolated from soil in Alberta, Canada (Fertilizer Res. 39, 97-103, 1994; Can. J. Plant Sci. 78(1), 91-102, 1998; US 5,026,417, WO 1995 / 017806; e.g. Jump Start®, Provide® from Novozymes Biologicals BioAg Group, Canada), Reynoutria sachalinensis extract (EP 0307510 B1 ; e.g. Regalia® SC from Marrone BioInnovations, Davis, CA, USA or Milsana® from BioFa AG, Germany), Steinernema carpocapsae (e.g. Millenium® from BASF Agricultural Specialities Limited, UK), S. feltiae (e.g. Nemashield® from BioWorks, Inc., USA; Nemasys® from BASF Agricultural Specialities Limited, UK), Streptomyces microflavus NRRL B-50550 (WO 2014 / 124369; Bayer CropScience, Germany), Trichoderma asperelloides JM41 R isolated in South Africa (NRRL 50759; also referred to as T. fertile e.g. Trichoplus® from BASF Agricultural Specialities (Pty) Ltd., South Africa), T. harzianum T-22 also called KRL-AG2 (ATCC 20847; BioControl 57, 687-696, 2012; e.g. Plantshield® from BioWorks Inc., USA or SabrEx™ from Advanced Biological Marketing Inc., Van Wert, OH, USA).

[0318] According to another embodiment of the mixtures, the at least one pesticide is selected from the groups L1) to L5):

[0319] L1) Microbial pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and / or plant defense activator activity: Aureobasidium pullulans DSM 14940 and DSM 14941 (L1.1), Bacillus amylolique- faciens AP-188 (L.1.2), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum D747 (L.1.3), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum FZB24 (L.1.4), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum FZB42 (L.1.5), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum MBI600 (L.1.6), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum QST- 713 (L.1.7), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum TJ1000 (L.1 .8), B. pumilus GB34 (L.1.9), B. pumilus GHA 180 (L.1.10), B. pumilus INR-7 (L.1.11), B. pumilus KFP9F (L.1.12), B. pumilus QST 2808 (L.1.13), 8. simplex ABU 288 (L.1.14), 8. subtilis FB17 (L.1.15), Coniothyrium minitans CON / M / 91-08 (L.1.16), Metschnikowia fructicola NRRL Y-30752 (L.1.17), Paenibacillus alvei NAS6G6 (L.1.18), P. epiphyticus Lu 17015 (L.1 .25), P. polymyxa ssp. plantarum Lu 16774 (L.1.26), P. p. ssp. plantarum strain Lu 17007 (L.1.27), Penicillium bilaiae ATCC 22348 (L.1.19), P. bilaiae ATCC 20851 (L.1.20), Penicillium bilaiae ATCC 18309 (L.1.21), Streptomyces microflavus NRRL B-50550 (L.1.22), Trichoderma asperelloides JM41 R (L.1.23), T. harzianum -22 (L.1.24);

[0320] L2) Biochemical pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and / or plant defense activator activity: harpin protein (L.2.1), Reynoutria sachalinensis extract (L.2.2);

[0321] L3) Microbial pesticides with insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscidal and / or nematicidal activity: Bacillus firmus 1-1582 (L.3.1); 8. thuringiensis ssp. aizawai ABTS-1857 (L.3.2), 8. t. ssp. kurstaki ABTS-351 (L.3.3), 8. t. ssp. kurstaki SB4 (L.3.4), 8. t. ssp. tenebrionis NB-176-1 (L.3.5), Beauveria bassiana GHA (L.3.6), 8. bassiana JW-1 (L.3.7), 8. bassiana PPRI 5339 (L.3.8), Burkholderia sp. A396 (L.3.9), Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) (L.3.10), Helicoverpa zea nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzNPV) ABA-NPV-U (L.3.11), Helicoverpa zea single capsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV) (L.3.12), Heterohabditis bacteriophora (L.3.13), Isaria fumosorosea Apopka-97 (L.3.14), Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae F52 (L.3.15), Paecilomyces lilacinus 251 (L.3.16), Pasteuria nishizawae Pn1 (L.3.17), Steinernema carpocapsae (L.3.18), S. feltiae (L.3.19);

[0322] L4) Biochemical pesticides with insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscidal, pheromone and / or nematicidal activity: cis-jasmone (L.4.1), methyl jasmonate (L.4.2), Quillay extract (L.4.3); L5) Microbial pesticides with plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator, plant growth promoting and / or yield enhancing activity: Azospirillum brasilense Ab-V5 and Ab-V6 (L.5.1), A. brasilense Sp245 (L.5.2), Bradyrhizobium elkanii SEMIA 587 (L.5.3), B. elkanii SEMIA 5019 (L.5.4), B. japonicum 532c (L.5.5), B. Japonicum E-109 (L.5.6), B. japonicum SEMIA 5079 (L.5.7), B. japonicum SEMIA 5080 (L.5.8).

[0323] The present invention furthermore relates to agrochemical compositions comprising a mixture of at least one pigment or dye as described herein and at least one biopesticide selected from the group L) (component 2), in particular at least one biopesticide selected from the groups L1) and L2), as described above, and if desired at least one suitable auxiliary.

[0324] The present invention furthermore relates to agrochemical compositions comprising a mixture of at least one pigment or dye as described herein and at least one biopesticide selected from the group L) (component 2), in particular at least one biopesticide selected from the groups L3) and L4), as described above, and if desired at least one suitable auxiliary.

[0325] Preference is also given to mixtures comprising a biopesticide selected from the groups L1), L3) and L5), preferably selected from strains denoted above as (L.1.2), (L.1.3), (L.1.4), (L.1.5), (L.1.6), (L.1.7), (L.1.8), (L.1.10), (L.1.11), (L.1.12), (L.1.13), (L.1.14), (L.1.15), (L.1.17), (L.1.18), (L.1.19), (L.1.20), (L.1.21), (L.1.25), (L.1.26), (L.1.27), (L.3.1); (L.3.9), (L.3.16), (L.3.17), (L.5.1), (L.5.2), (L.5.3), (L.5.4), (L.5.5), (L.5.6), (L.5.7), (L.5.8); (L.4.2), and (L.4.1); even more preferably selected from (L.1.2), (L.1.6), (L.1.7), (L.1.8), (L.1.11), (L.1.12), (L.1.13), (L.1.14), (L.1.15), (L.1.18), (L.1.19), (L.1.20), (L.1.21), (L.3.1); (L.3.9), (L.3.16), (L.3.17), (L.5.1), (L.5.2), (L.5.5), (L.5.6); (L.4.2), and (L.4.1).

[0326] Preference is also given to mixtures comprising a biopesticide selected from the groups L1), L3) and L5), preferably selected from strains denoted above as (L1.1), (L.1.2), (L.1.3), (L.1.6), (L.1.7), (L.1.9), (L.1.11), (L.1.12), (L.1.13), (L.1.14), (L.1.15), (L.1.17), (L.1.18), (L.1.22), (L.1.23), (L.1.24), (L.1.25), (L.1.26), (L.1.27), (L.2.1), (L.2.2), (L.2.3), (L.2.4), (L.2.5), (L.2.6), (L.2.7), L.2.8), (L.2.9), (L.2.10), (L.3.2), (L.3.3), (L.3.4), (L.3.5), (L.3.6), (L.3.7), (L.3.8), (L.3.10), (L.3.11), (L.3.12), (L.3.13), (L.3.14), (L.3.15), (L.3.18), (L.3.19); (L.4.2), even more preferably selected from (L.1.2), (L.1.7), (L.1.11), (L.1.13), (L.1.14), (L.1.15), (L.1.18), (L.1.23), (L.2.5), (L.2.6), (L.3.3), (L.3.4), (L.3.6), (L.3.7), (L.3.8), (L.3.10), (L.3.11), (L.3.12), (L.3.15), and (L.4.2). These mixtures are particularly suitable for foliar treatment of cultivated plants, preferably of vegetables, fruits, vines, cereals, corn, and leguminous crops such as soybeans.

[0327] The pigments and / dyes as described herein in combination with fungicides are particularly suitable for controlling the following causal agents of plant diseases: Albugo spp. (white rust) on ornamentals, vegetables (e.g. A. Candida) and sunflowers (e.g. A. tragopogonisy Alternaria spp. (Alternaria leaf spot) on vegetables (e.g. A. dauci or A. porri), oilseed rape (A. brassicicola or brassicae), sugar beets (A. tenuis), fruits (A. grandis), rice, soybeans, potatoes and tomatoes (A. solani, A. grandis or A. alternata), tomatoes (A. solani or alternata) and wheat (A. triticina Aphanomyces spp. on sugar beets and vegetables; Ascochyta spp. on vegetables and cereals (A. tritici on wheat; A. hordei on barley); Aureobasidium zeae (syn. Kapatiella zeae) on corn; Bipolaris and Drechslera spp. (teleomorph: Cochliobolus spp.), e.g. Southern leaf blight (D. maydis) or Northern leaf blight (8. zeicola) on corn; spot blotch (B. sorokiniana) on cereals and B. oryzae on rice and turfs; Blumeria (formerly Erysiphe) graminis (powdery mildew) on cereals (e.g. wheat or barley); Botrytis spp. e.g. B. cinerea (teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana grey mold) on fruits and berries (e.g. strawberries), vegetables (e.g. lettuce, carrots, celery and cabbages); B. squamosa or 8. allii on onions, oilseed rape, ornamentals (8 eliptica), vines, forestry plants and wheat; Bremia lactucae (downy mildew) on lettuce; Ceratocystis (syn. Ophiostoma) spp. (rot or wilt) on broad-leaved trees and evergreens (C. ulmi on elm); Cercospora spp. (Cercospora leaf spots) on corn (C. zeae-maydis), rice, sugar beets (C. beticola), sugar cane, vegetables, coffee, soybeans (C. sojina or kikuchii) and rice; Cladobotryum (syn. Dactylium) spp. (C. mycophilum (teleomorph: Nectria albertinii, Nectria rosella syn. Hypomyces rosellus) on mushrooms; Cladosporium spp. on tomatoes (C. fulvum: leaf mold) and cereals (C. herbarum (black ear) on wheat); Claviceps purpurea (ergot) on cereals; Cochliobolus (anamorph: Helminthosporium or Bipolaris) spp. (leaf spots) on corn (C. carbonum), cereals (C. sativus, anamorph: B. sorokiniana) and rice (C. miyabeanus, anamorph: H. oryzae) Colletotrichum (teleomorph: Glomerella) spp. (anthracnose) on cotton (C. gossypii), corn (C. graminicola: stalk rot), soft fruits, potatoes (C. coccodes'. black dot), beans (C. lindemuthianum), soybeans (C. truncatum or gloeosporioides), vegetables (C. lagenarium or capsici), fruits (e.g. C. acutatum), coffee (C. kahawae orcoffeanum) and C. gloeosporioides on various crops; Corticium spp., e.g. C. sasakii (sheath blight) on rice; Corynespora cassiicola (leaf spots) on soybeans, cotton and ornamentals; Cycloconium spp., e.g. C. oleaginum on olive trees; Cylindrocarpon spp. (fruit tree canker or young vine decline, teleomorph: Nectria or Neonectria spp.) on fruit trees, vines (C. liriodendri, teleomorph: Neonectria liriodendrr. Black Foot Disease) and ornamentals; Dematophora (teleomorph: Rosellinia) necatrix (root and stem rot) on soybeans; Diaporthe spp., e.g. D. phaseolorum (damping off) on soybeans; Drechslera (syn. Helminthosporium, teleomorph: Pyrenophora) spp. on corn, cereals (D. teres, net blotch on barley; D. tritici-repentis’. tan spot on wheat), rice and turf; Esca (dieback, apoplexy) on vines, caused by Formitiporia (syn. Phellinus) punctata, F. mediterranea, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and / or Botryosphaeria obtusa\ Elsinoe spp. (anthracnose) on pome fruits (E pyri), soft fruits (E veneta) and vines (E. ampelina); Entyloma oryzae (leaf smut) on rice; Epicoccum spp. (black mold) on wheat; Erysiphe spp. (powdery mildew) on sugar beets (E betae), vegetables (e.g. E pisi), such as cucurbits (E cichorace- arum), cabbages, oilseed rape (e.g. E cruciferarum -, Eutypa lata (Eutypa canker or dieback, anamorph: Cytosporina lata, syn. Libertella blepharis) on fruit trees, vines and ornamental woods; Exserohilum (syn. Helminthosporium) spp. on corn (E turcicum)-, Fusahum (teleomorph: Gibberella) spp. (wilt, root or stem rot) e.g. on cereals (E. graminearum or culmorum-. root rot, scab or head blight), tomatoes (E. oxysporum), soybeans (E virguliforme, cuneirostruum, tucumaniae and brasiliense sudden death syndrome), and corn (E verticillioides , Gaeumanno- myces graminis (take-all) on cereals (wheat, barley corn); Gibberella spp. on cereals (G. zeae) and rice (G. fujikuror. Bakanae disease); Glomerella cingulata on vines, pome fruits and cotton (G. gossypii)-, Grainstaining complex on rice; Guignardia bidwellii (black rot) on vines;

[0328] Gymnosporangium spp. on rosaceous plants (pears rust: G. sabinae) and junipers; Helminthosporium spp. (syn. Drechslera, teleomorph: Cochliobolus) on corn, cereals, potatoes and rice; Hemileia spp., e.g. on coffee (H. vastatrix: leaf rust); Isariopsis clavispora (syn.

[0329] Pseudocercospora vitis) on vines; Macrophomina phaseolina (root and stem rot) on soybeans and cotton; Microdochium (syn. Fusarium) nivale (pink snow mold) on cereals (wheat or barley); Microsphaera diffusa (powdery mildew) on soybeans; Monilinia spp., e.g. M. laxa, fructicola and fructigena (bloom and twig blight, brown rot) on rosaceous plants (stone fruits); Mycosphaerella spp. on cereals (M. graminicola [anamorph: Zymoseptoria tritici formerly Septoria tritici]-. Septoria blotch on wheat), bananas (M. fijiensis [syn. Pseudocercospora fijiensis]: black Sigatoka disease; M. musicola), soft fruits, ground nuts (M arachidis [anamorph: Cercospora arachidicola] or M. berkeleyi on peanuts), peas (M. pisi), and brassicas (M. brassiciolay Peronospora spp. (downy mildew) on cabbage (P. brassicae), oilseed rape (P. parasitica), onions (P. destructor), tobacco (P tabacina) and soybeans (P. manshurica)', Phakopsora pachyrhizi and meibomiae (soybean rust) on soybeans; Phialophora spp. e.g. on vines (P tracheiphila and tetraspora) and soybeans (P. g reg ata: stem rot); Phoma spp. on oilseed rape and cabbage (P. lingam syn. Leptosphaeria maculans and biglobosa: Phoma stem canker), sugar beet (P. betae: root rot, leaf spot and damping-off) and corn (P. zeae-maydis, syn. Phyllostica zeaey Phomopsis spp. on sunflowers, vines (P. viticola: cane and leaf spot) and soybeans (stem rot: P. phaseoli, teleomorph: Diaporthe phaseolorum): Physoderma maydis (brown spots) on corn; Phytophthora spp. (wilt, root, leaf, fruit and stem root) e.g. on paprika and cucurbits (P. capsici), soybeans (P. megasperma, syn. P. sojae), potatoes and tomatoes (P. infestans: late blight), and broad-leaved trees (P. ramorum: sudden oak death); Plasmodiophora brassicae (club root) e.g. on cabbage, oilseed rape, radish; Plasmopara spp., on vines (P. viticola: downy mildew) and sunflowers (P. halstedii); Podosphaera spp. (powdery mildew) on rosaceous plants, hop, pomes (P. leucotricha on apples), soft fruits and curcurbits (P xanthii), Polymyxa spp. on cereals (P. graminis on wheat and barley) and sugar beets (P betae) including thereby transmitted viral diseases; Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (syn. Oculimacula yallundae, O. acuformis: eyespot, teleomorph: Tapesia yallundae) on cereals, e.g. wheat or barley; Pseudoperonospora (downy mildew) e.g. on cucurbits (P. cubensis) and hop (P. humiliy Pseudopezicula tracheiphila (red fire disease or .rotbrenner’, anamorph: Phialophora) on vines; Puccinia spp. (rusts) e.g. on cereals (wheat, barley or rye: P. triticina: brown or leaf rust, P. striiformis: stripe or yellow rust, P. hordei: dwarf rust, P. graminis: stem or black rust, P. recondita: brown or leaf rust), sugar cane (P. kuehnii: orange rust) and aspargus (P. asparagiy Pyrenopeziza spp. e.g. on oilseed rape (P. brassicae)', Pyrenophora (anamorph: Drechslera) tritici-repentis (tan spot) on wheat or P. teres (net blotch) on barley; Pyricularia spp., e.g. P. oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea: rice blast) on rice and P. grisea on turf and cereals; Pythium spp. (damping-off) e.g. on turf, rice, corn, wheat, cotton, oilseed rape, sunflower, soybeans, sugar beets, vegetables (e.g. P. ultimum or aphanidermatum) and mushrums (P. oligandrurriy Ramularia spp., e.g. R. collo-cygni (Ramularia leaf spots) on barley, R. areola (teleomorph: Mycosphaerella areola) on cotton and R. beticola on sugar beets; Rhizoctonia spp. e.g. on cotton, rice, potatoes, turf, corn, oilseed rape, potatoes, sugar beets, vegetables, soybeans (R. solani: root and stem rot), rice (R. solani: sheath blight) and wheat and barley (R. cerealis: spring blight); Rhizopus stolonifer (black mold, soft rot) on strawberries, carrots, cabbage, vines and tomatoes; Rhynchosporium secalis and commune (scald) on barley, rye and triticale; Sarocladium oryzae and attenuatum (sheath rot) on rice; Sclerotinia spp. (stem rot or white mold) on vegetables (S. minor and S. sclerotiorum) and field crops, such as oilseed rape, sunflowers (S. sclerotiorum) and soybeans (S. sclerotiorum and rolfsii), peanut, vegetables, corn, cereals and ornamentals; Septoria spp. on various plants, e.g. S. glycines (brown spot) on soybeans, S. tritici (syn. Zymoseptoria tritici, Septoria blotch) on wheat and S. (syn. Stagonospora) nodorum (Stagonospora blotch) on cereals; Uncinula (syn. Erysiphe) necator (powdery mildew, anamorph: Oidium tuckeri) on vines; Setosphaeria spp. (leaf blight) on corn (S. turcicum, syn. Helminthosporium) and turf; Sphacelotheca spp. (smut) on corn, (S. reiliana, syn. Ustilago: head smut), sorghum und sugar cane; Sphaerotheca fuliginea (syn. Podosphaera xanthii: powdery mildew) on cucurbits; Spongospora subterranea (powdery scab) on potatoes and thereby transmitted viral diseases; Stagonospora spp. on cereals (wheat: S. nodorurrr. Stagonospora blotch, teleomorph: Leptosphaeria , Synchytrium endobioticum on potatoes (potato wart disease); Taphrina spp., e.g. T. deformans (leaf curl disease) on peaches and T. pruni (plum pocket) on plums; Thielaviopsis spp. (black root rot) on tobacco, pome fruits, vegetables, soybeans and cotton, e.g. T. basicola (syn. Chalara elegans Tilletia spp. (common bunt or stinking smut) on cereals (wheat: T. tritic . wheat bunt, T. controversy. dwarf bunt); Trichoderma harzianum on mushrooms; Typhula incarnata (grey snow mold) on barley or wheat; Urocystis spp., e.g. U. occulta (stem smut) on rye; Uromyces spp. (rust) on vegetables (beans: U. appendiculatus, syn. phaseoli), sugar beets (U. betae or beticola) and on pulses (U. vignae, pisi, viciae-fabae and fabae) Ustilago spp. (loose smut) on cereals (L / . nuda and avaenae), corn (L / . maydis: corn smut) and sugar cane; Venturia spp. (scab) on apples (V. inaequalis) and pears; and Verticillium spp. (wilt) e.g. on fruits (strawberry: V. dahliae), ornamentals, vines, soft fruits, vegetables and field crops (oilseed rape: V. longisporum), and mushrooms (V. fungicola) Zymoseptoria tritici on cereals.

[0330] The compounds I and compositions thereof, respectively, are particularly suitable for controlling the following causal agents of plant diseases: rusts on soybean and cereals (e.g. Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae on soy; Puccinia tritici and P. striiformis on wheat); molds on specialty crops, soybean, oil seed rape and sunflowers (e.g. Botrytis cinerea on strawberries and vines, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, S. minor and S. rolfsii on oil seed rape, sunflowers and soybean); Fusarium diseases on cereals (e.g. Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum on wheat); downy mildews on specialty crops (e.g. Plasmopara viticola on vines, Phytophthora infestans on potatoes); powdery mildews on specialty crops and cereals (e.g. Uncinula necator on vines, Erysiphe spp. on various specialty crops, Blumeria graminis on cereals); and leaf spots on cereals, soybean and corn (e.g. Septoria tritici and S. nodorum on cereals, S. glycines on soybean, Cercospora spp. on corn and soybean).

[0331] It has been observed that populations of phytopathogenic fungi apparently consisting of non- resistant strains can readily develop resistance. The compounds can be applied under such conditions, too, to prevent the formation of resistance and the spread of resistant strains altogether. In this regard it is useful that they have strong activity also against non-resistant phytopathogenic fungi.

[0332] Fungicide-resistant strains of various phytopathogenic fungi have been reported, with strains resistant to one or more fungicides from various mode of action classes being observed by target-site mutations in the genes of the respective proteins (e.g. Qol (C3, according to FRAC convention, for details www.frac.info), quinone outside stigmatellin binding subsite inhibitors (QoSI; C8), and quinone inside inhibitors (Qil ; C4): CytB target protein; sterol demethylation (DMI, G1): Cyp51[Erg11]; carboxylic acid amides (CAA, H5): CesA3; SDHI (C2): SdhB, SdhC and SdhD; dicarboximides (E3): Os-1 (including Bos1 , Daf1 etc.); keto reductase inhibitors (KRI; Class III SBIs; G3): Erg27; and oxysterol binding protein inhibitors (OSBPI; F9): ORP1. Examples of mutation sites of genes encoding such target proteins resulting in the listed single amino acid exchanges, deletions or insertions in the respective target protein sequences conferring resistance against certain fungicides in phytopathogenic fungi are indicated in Table M (see also Pest Manag Sci 72(8) 2016: 1449-1459). Table M:

[0333] * based on alignment to reference sequence from Phytophthora infestans; ** G54E / K / R / V / W indicates the possibility of five different amino acid changes at position 54; A indicates a deletion of an amino acid; # refers to an amino acid insertion.

[0334] Thus, the pigments and dyes as described herein in combination with fungicides are particularly useful to control such fungicide-resistant strains of phytopathogenic fungi described in Table M. Such strains may have one or more resistances derived from one or more mutations of one or more genes encoding target proteins of various kinds of the fungicides including, but not limited to, the mutations listed in Table M and / or a resistance derived from an overexpression of the respective target protein.

[0335] In addition, certain strains of fungi may have developed so-called multidrug resistance eventually leading to a broad cross resistance to many structurally and functionally unrelated compounds. "Multidrug resistance” (MDR) also called “pleiotropic drug resistance” (PDR) describes a resistance phenomenon usually caused by overexpression of certain membrane transporters, leading to an increased activity of efflux pump which export certain substrates, e.g., fungal toxins but also fungicidal compounds. Examples of such membrane transporters include ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) transporters. Overexpression of membrane transporters can be confirmed, e.g., by measuring an amount of the transporter protein or of the corresponding mRNA. The measured amount of mRNA may be, e.g., 2-fold, 5-fold, 20-fold, up to 100-fold or more, relative to the mRNA amount of the corresponding fungicide-sensitive wild-type fungus.

[0336] The pigments and dyes as described herein in combination with fungicides of the present invention can be applied to control a plant disease that is caused by a multidrug-resistant (MDR) fungus. The multidrug-resistant fungus may have in addition one or more resistances derived from one or more mutations of one or more genes encoding target proteins of various kinds of the fungicides including but not limited to the mutations listed in Table M and / or a resistance derived from an overexpression of the target protein. Thus, compounds I are also particularly useful to control such multidrug-resistant fungi. The agrochemical compositions generally comprise between 0.01 and 95 %, preferably between 0.1 and 90 %, more preferably between 1 and 70 %, and in particular between 10 and 60 %, by weight of active substances of the respective pesticide. The agrochemical compositions generally comprise between 5 and 99.9 %, preferably between 10 and 99.9 %, more preferably between 30 and 99 %, and in particular between 40 and 90 %, by weight of at least one auxiliary. The pigment and dyes as well as the pesticides are employed in a purity of from 90 % to 100 %, preferably from 95 % to 100 % (according to NMR spectrum).

[0337] Preferred agrochemical compositions comprise at least one pigment or dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 820 nm, preferably an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, preferably at least one pigment or dye is selected from the following groups: a) an anthracenedione dye or pigment, preferably selected from: Solvent Green 3 (CAS 128-80- 3) 1 ,4-bis[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione, Quinizarin Blue (CAS 81-48-1) 1- hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione, Alizarin Cyanine Green G (CAS 3443-90-1) 2, 2 (9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-1 ,4-anthracenediyl)diimino]bis[5-methyl- benzenesulfonic acid, Solvent Blue 35 (CAS 17354-14-2) 1 ,4-bis(butylamino)-9,10- anthracenedione, Solvent Blue 90 (CAS 81-48-1) 1-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10- Anthracenedione and Solvent Blue 36 (CAS 14233-37-5) 1 ,4-bis[(1-methylethyl)amino]-9,10- anthracenedione, or b) nonhalogenated or halogenated copper phthalocyanine dye or pigment, preferably selected from Pigment Green 7 (CAS 1328-53-6 and CAS 1328-45-6), Pigment Green 36 (CAS 14302- 13-7) and Phthalocyanine Blue BN (CAS 147-14-8), or c) Patent Blue V (CAS 25305-77-5) Ethanaminium, N-[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](5-hydroxy- 2,4-disulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-, inner salt, or as Ca salt (CAS 3536-49-0) or as Na salt (CAS 20262-76-4), Acid Blue 1 (CAS 116-95-0) Ethanaminium, N-[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](2,4-disulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N- ethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt or as Na salt (CAS 129-17-9), Acid Green 3 (CAS 6638-02-4) enzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[ethyl[(3- sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl]phenylmethylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3-sulfo-, inner salt, or as Na-salt (CAS 4680-78-8), Acid Green 9 (CAS 25305-97-9) Benzenemethanaminium, N-[4-[(2-chlorophenyl)[4-[ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl]methylene]-2,5- cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-3-sulfo-, inner salt, or as Na-salt (CAS 4857-81-2), Acid Blue 9 (CAS 25305-78-6) Benzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[ethyl[(3- sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl](2-sulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3- sulfo-, inner salt, or as Na-salt (CAS 3844-45-9), or d) Pigment Green 8 (CAS 16143-80-9), Acid Brilliant Green BS (CAS 3087-16-9) and Pigmosol AGRO Green (CAS 2353-45-9). e) a macrocyclic tetrapyrrole compound dye or pigment, preferably selected from: pyrroles, pyrrolines, chlorines, bac-teriochlorines and isobacteriochlorines, more preferred selected from: copper chlorophyllin, magnesium chlorophyllin, protoporphyrin IX derivatives and modified chlorin e6 compounds, or f) mixtures of at least two pigments or dyes selected from a), b), c), d) and e), even more preferred, at least one pigment or dye selected from Solvent Green 3 (CAS 128-80- 3), Patent Blue V (CAS 25305-77-5), or Pigment Green 7(CAS 1328-53-6), and most preferred at least one pigment or dye selected from Solvent Green 3 (CAS 128-80-3) and Patent Blue V (CAS 25305-77-5) or both.

[0338] These preferred agrochemical compositions comprise at least one fungicide selected from the groups a) to d), being: a) benodanil (A.3.1), benzovindiflupyr (A.3.2), bixafen (A.3.3), boscalid (A.3.4), carboxin (A.3.5), cyclobutrifluram (A.3.24), fenfuram (A.3.6), fluopyram (A.3.7), flutolanil (A.3.8), fluxapyroxad (A.3.9), furametpyr (A.3.10), inpyrfluxam (A.3.22), isofetamid (A.3.11), isoflucypram (A.3.31), isopyrazam (A.3.12), mepronil (A.3.13), oxycarboxin (A.3.14), penflufen (A.3.15), penthiopyrad (A.3.16), pydiflumetofen (A.3.17), pyrapropoyne (A.3.23), pyraziflumid (A.3.18), sedaxane (A.3.19), tecloftalam (A.3.20), thiflu-'zam-'ide (A.3.21), fluindapyr (A.3.28), N [2 [2 chloro-4 (trifluoro-methyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-3 (difluoromethyl)-5 fluoro-1 methyl-pyrazole-4 carboxamide (A.3.29), methyl (E) 2 [2 [(5 cyano-2 methyl-phenoxy)methyl]phenyl]-3 methoxyprop-2 enoate (A.3.30), 2 (difluoromethyl)-N (1,1 ,3 trimethyl-indan-4 yl)-pyridine-3 carboxamide (A.3.32), 2 (difluoromethyl)-N [(3R) 1,1 ,3 tri-,methylindan-4 y^pyridine-S carboxamide (A.3.33), 2 (difluoromethyl)-N (3 ethyl-1 , 1 dimethyl-indan-4 ylJ-'pyridine-S carboxamide (A.3.34), 2 (difluoromethyl)-N [(3R) 3 ethyl-1 , 1 dimethyl-indan-4 yl pyridine-S carboxamide (A.3.35), 2 (difluoromethyl)-N (1 ,1 dimethyl-3 propyl-indan-4 yl)pyridine-3 carboxamide (A.3.36), 2 (difluoromethyl)-N [(3R) 1 ,1 dimethyl-3 propyl-indan-4 yl]pyridine-3 carboxamide (A.3.37), 2 (difluoromethyl)-N (3 isobutyl-1 ,1 dimethyl-indan-4 yl^pyridine-S carboxamide (A.3.38), 2 (difluoromethyl)-N [(3R) 3 isobutyl-1, 1 dimethyl indan 4 yl]pyridine 3-carboxamide (A.3.39); b) azaconazole (B.1.1), bitertanol (B.1.2), bromuconazole (B.1.3), cyproconazole (B.1.4), difenoconazole (B.1.5), diniconazole (B.1.6), dinicon-'azole M (B.1.7), epoxiconazole (B.1.8), fenbuconazole (B.1.9), fluoxytioconazole (B.1.33), fluquinconazole (B.1.10), flusilazole (B.1.11), flutriafol (B.1.12), hexaconazole (B.1.13), imhbenconazole (B.1.14), ipconazole (B.1.15), ipfentrifluconazole (B.1.37), mefentrifluconazole (B.1.38), metconazole (B.1.17), myclobutanil (B.1.18), oxpoconazole (B.1.19), paclobutrazole (B.1.20), penconazole (B.1.21), propiconazole (B.1.22), prothioconazole (B.1.23), simeconazole (B.1.24), tebuconazole (B.1.25), tetraconazole (B.1.26), triadimefon (B.1.27), triadimenol (B.1.28), triticonazole (B.1.29), uniconazole (B.1.30), 2 (2,4 difluoro"iphenyl)-1 ,1 difluoro-3 (tetrazol-1 yl)-1 [5 [4 (2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]-2 pyridyl]propan-2 ol (B.1.31), 2 (2,4 difluorophenyl)-1,1 difluoro-3 (tetrazol-1 yl)-1 [5 [4 (trhfluorometh-,oxy)-,phenyl]-2 pyridyl]propan-2 ol (B.1.32), 2 (chloromethyl)-2 methyl-5 (p tolyhmethyl)-1 (1 ,2,4 triazol-1 ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (B.1.43), 4 [[6 [2 (2,4 difluorophenyl)-1 ,1 di-,flu_,oro-2 hydroxy-3 (1 ,2,4 triazol-1 yl)propyl]-3 pyridyl]oxy]-,benzo-,nitrile (B.1.53), 2 [6 (4 bro-,mo-,phenoxy)-2 (trifluoromethyl)-3 pyridyl]- 1 (1 ,2,4 triazol-1 yl)propan-2 ol (B.1.54), 2 [6 (4 chlo-,rophen-,oxy)-2 (trifluoromethyl)-3 pyridyl]-1 (1 ,2,4 trhazol-1 yl)propan-2 ol (B.1.55), (2R) 2 [4 (4 chlorophenoxy)-2 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 (1 ,2,4 triazol-1 yl)propan-2 ol, (2S) 2 [4 (4 chlo-,rophenoxy)-2 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 (1 ,2,4 triazol-1 yl)propan-2 ol, methyl 2 [2 chloro-4 (4 chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2 hydroxy-3 (1 ,2,4 triazol-1 yl)propanoate (B.1.56), 2 [2 chloro-4 (4 chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2 hydroxy-3 (1 ,2,4 triazol-1 yl)propanoic acid (B.1.57); imidazoles: imazalil (B.1.44), pefurazoate (B.1.45), prochloraz (B.1.46), triflumizole (B.1.47); pyrimidines, pyridines, piperazines: fenarimol (B.1.49), pyrifenox (B.1.50), triforine (B.1.51), [3 (4 chloro-2 fluoro-phenyl)-5 (2,4 difluorophenyl)isoxazol-4 yl]-(3 pyridyl)methanol (B.1.52); c) azoxystrobin (A.1.1), bifujunzhi (A.1.37), coumethoxystrobin (A.1.2), coumoxystrobin (A.1.3), dimoxystrobin (A.1.4), enestroburin (A.1.5), famoxadone (A.1.21), fenamidone (A.1.21), fenaminstrobin (A.1.6), flufenoxystrobin (A.1.7), fluoxastrobin (A.1.8), kresoxim-methyl (A.1.9), mandestrobin (A.1.10), metominostrobin (A.1.11), metyltetraprole (A.1.25; member of MoA subgroup A), orysa-'strobin (A.1.12), picoxystrobin (A.1.13), pyraclostrobin (A.1.14), pyrametostrobin (A.1.15), pyraoxystrobin (A.1.16), pyribencarb (A.1.19), pyriminostrobin (A.1.36), triclopyricarb (A.1.20), trifloxystrobin (A.1.17), 2 (2 (3 (2,6 dichlorophenyl)-1 methyl- allylideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2 methoxyimino-N methyl-acetamide (A.1.18), methyl-N [2 [(1 ,4 dimethyl-5 phenyl-pyrazol-3 yl)oxylmethyl]-,phenyl]-N methoxy-carbamate (A.1.22), (Z,2E) 5 [1 (2,4 dhchloro-,phenyl)pyrazol-3 yl]-oxy-2 methoxyimino-N, 3 dimethyl-pent-3 en-,amide (A.1.34), (Z,2E) 5 [1 (4 chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3 yl]oxy-2 methoxyimino-N, 3 dimethyl-pent-3 enamide (A.1.35), 2 (or_,tho-((2,5 dimeth-,yhphenyl-oxymethylen)phenyl)-3 methoxy-acrylic acid methylester (A.1.38), methyl (Z) 3 methoxy-2 [2 methyl-5 (3 propylpyrazol-1 yl)phenoxy]prop-2 enoate, methyl (Z) 2 [5 (3 isopropylpyrazol-1 yl)-2 methyl-phenoxy]-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate, methyl (Z) 3 methoxy-2 [2 methyl-5 [3 (trifluoro-,meth-,yl)pyrazol-1 yl]phenoxy]prop-2 enoate, methyl (Z) 3 methoxy-2 [2 methyl-5 (4 propyltriazol-2 yl)phenoxy]prop-2 enoate, methyl (Z) 3 meth-,oxy-2 [2 methyl-5 [4 (trifluoromethyl)-,triazol-2 yl]phenoxy]prop-2 enoate, methyl (Z) 2 [5 (4 isopropyltriazol-2 yl)-2 methyl-phenoxy]-3 methoxyprop-2 enoate, methyl (Z) 2 (5 cyclobutyl-2 methyl-phenoxy)-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate, methyl (Z) 2 (5 cyclo-pent",yl-2 methyl-phenoxy)-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate, methyl (Z) 2 (5 cyclo-,propyl-2 methyl-phen-,oxy)-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate, methyl (Z) 2 (5 cyclo-,hexyl-2 methyl-phenoxy)-3 meth oxy- pro p-2 enoate, methyl (E) 3 methoxy-2 [(2 methyl-5 phenyl- phenyl)methyl]prop-2 enoate, methyl (E) 3 methoxy-2 [(2 meth-|yl-5 phenyl-phenyl)methyl]prop- 2 enoate; methyl (E) 3 meth-,oxy-2 [[5 [(E) N methoxy-C methyl-carbonimidoyl]-2,4 dimethyl- phenyl]methyl]prop-2 enoate; methyl (E) 2 [[5 (2 cyclopropyhethynyl)-2,4 dhme_,thyl- phenyl]methyl]-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate; methyl (E) 3 methoxy-2 (2 phenyl-1 ,3 benz-,oxazol-4 yl)prop-2 enoate; methyl (E) 3 methoxy-2 (2 phenyl-1 ,3 benzothiazol-4 yl)prop-2 enoate; methyl (E) 3 methoxy-2 (2 phenyl-1 ,3 benzoxazol-7 yl)prop-2 enoate; methyl (Z) 2 [6 (2 cyclopropylethynyl)benzimidazol-1 yl]-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate; methyl (Z) 3 methoxy-2 (6 phenyhbenzimidazol-1 yl)prop-2 enoate; methyl (Z) 2 (3 chloro-6 phenyl-indol-1 yl)-3 methoxyprop-2 enoate; methyl (Z) 2 (2,3 dichloro-6 phenyl-indol-1 yl)-3 meth-,oxy-prop-2 enoate; methyl (Z) 3 methoxy-2 [6 [(E) methoxy-,imino-,methyl]indol-1 yl]prop-2 enoate; methyl (Z) 3 methoxy-2 [6 [(E) N methoxy-C methyl-carbonimidoyl]indol-1 ylJ-’prop- enoate, methyl (E) 2 [4 chloro-2 (4 methylpent-1 ynyl)phenyl]-3 methoxy-prop-2 en-'oate, methyl (E) 3 methoxy-2 [4 methoxy-2 (4 methylpent-1 ynyl)phenyl]prop-2 enoate, methyl (E) 2 (4 chloro-2 hex-1 ynyl-phenyl)-3 methoxyprop-2 enoate, methyl (E) 2 (2 hex-1 ynyl-4 methoxy-phenyl)-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate, methyl (E) 2 [2 [[1 (4 chlorophenyl)-,pyrazol-3 yl]oxymethyl]-6 methyl-phenyl]-3 meth oxy- pro p-2 enoate, methyl (2E) 2 [2 [[1 (4 chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3 yl]oxymethyl]-6 methyl-phenyl] 2-meth-,oxyimino- actate, (2E) 2 [2 [[1 (4 chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3 yl]oxymethyl]-6 methyl-phenyl]-2 methoxy-'imino- N methyl-acetamide, methyl (E) 2 [2 [[(E) 1 (4 chlorophenyl)ethylidene-,amino]oxy-,methyl]-6 methyl-phenyl]-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate, methyl (E) 3 methoxy-2 [2 methyl-6 [[(E) 1 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylideneamino]oxymethyl]phenyl]prop-2 enoate, methyl (E) 2 [4 chloro- 2 [[(E) 1 (4 chlorophenyl)ethylideneamino]oxymethyl]phenyl]-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate, methyl (E) 2 [2 chloro-6 [[(E) 1 (4 chlorophenyl)ethylidene-,amino]oxymethyl]-,phenyl]-3 methoxy-prop- 2 enoate, methyl N [[5 [1 (2,6 difluoro-4-isopropyl-phenyl)pyrazol-3 yl]-2 methyl- phenyl]methyl]carbamate, methyl N [[5 [1 (4 cyclopropyl-2,6 difluoro-phenyl)-,pyrazol-3 yl]-2 methyl-phenyl]methyl]carbamate; d) Bordeaux mixture (H.1.1), copper (H.1.2), copper acetate (H.1.3), copper hydroxide (H.1.4), copper oxychloride (H.1.5), basic copper sulfate (H.1.6), sulfur (H.1.7), ferbam (H.2.1), mancozeb (H.2.2), maneb (H.2.3), metam (H.2.4), metiram.

[0339] More preferred agrochemical compositions comprise at least one fungicide selected from: paclubutrazole, uniconazole, isoflucypram, pydiflumetofen, fluopyram, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, mefentrifluconazole, fluxapyroxad, metyltetraprole, metconazole, prothioconazole, propiconazole, inpyrfluxam, benzovindiflupyr, pydiflumetofen, pyraclostrobin, kresoxim-methy, fenpicoxamid and sulfur.

[0340] In one embodiment the agrochemical compositions comprise at least one fungicide selected from mefentrifluconazole, fluxapyroxad, metyltetraprole and sulfur.

[0341] In a different embodiment, the agrochemical composition comprises at least one pigment or dye, which is a nonhalogenated or halogenated copper phthalocyanine and the agrochemical composition does not comprise trifloxystrobin, paclobutrazole, propiconazole, triadimefon, triticonazole, iprodione, fludioxonil, mancozeb, maneb, chlorothalonil, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, phosphorous acid and its salts, calcium phosphonate or potassium phosphonate.

[0342] A further embodiment of the invention is a method for combating phytopathogenic fungi, comprising treating the fungi or the plants to be protected against fungal attack, with an effective amount of an agrochemical composition comprising a) at least one pigment or dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 820 nm, preferably an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, when solved or dispersed in the composition, and b) and at least one pesticide, at least one UV filter and / or at least one near-infrared absorber. Preferably the agrochemical composition comprises at least one pigment or dye selected from: a) an anthracenedione dye or pigment, preferably selected from: Solvent Green 3 (CAS 128-80- 3) 1 ,4-bis[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione, Quinizarin Blue (CAS 81-48-1) 1- hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione, Alizarin Cyanine Green G (CAS 3443-90-1) 2,2'-[(9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-1 ,4-anthracenediyl)diimino]bis[5-methyl- benzenesulfonic acid, Solvent Blue 35 (CAS 17354-14-2) 1 ,4-bis(butylamino)-9,10- anthracenedione, Solvent Blue 90 (CAS 81-48-1) 1-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10- Anthracenedione and Solvent Blue 36 (CAS 14233-37-5) 1 ,4-bis[(1-methylethyl)amino]-9,10- anthracenedione, or b) nonhalogenated or halogenated copper phthalocyanine dye or pigment, preferably selected from Pigment Green 7 (CAS 1328-53-6 and CAS 1328-45-6), Pigment Green 36 (CAS 14302- 13-7) and Phthalocyanine Blue BN (CAS 147-14-8), or c) Patent Blue V (CAS 25305-77-5) Ethanaminium, N-[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](5-hydroxy- 2,4-disulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-, inner salt, or as Ca salt (CAS 3536-49-0) or as Na salt (CAS 20262-76-4), Acid Blue 1 (CAS 116-95-0) Ethanaminium, N-[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](2,4-disulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N- ethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt or as Na salt (CAS 129-17-9), Acid Green 3 (CAS 6638-02-4) enzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[ethyl[(3- sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl]phenylmethylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3-sulfo-, inner salt, or as Na-salt (CAS 4680-78-8), Acid Green 9 (CAS 25305-97-9) Benzenemethanaminium, N-[4-[(2-chlorophenyl)[4-[ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl]methylene]-2,5- cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-3-sulfo-, inner salt, or as Na-salt (CAS 4857-81-2), Acid Blue 9 (CAS 25305-78-6) Benzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[ethyl[(3- sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl](2-sulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3- sulfo-, inner salt, or as Na-salt (CAS 3844-45-9), or d) Pigment Green 8 (CAS 16143-80-9), Acid Brilliant Green BS (CAS 3087-16-9) and Pigmosol AGRO Green (CAS 2353-45-9). e) a macrocyclic tetrapyrrole compound dye or pigment, preferably selected from: pyrroles, pyrrolines, chlorines, bac-teriochlorines and isobacteriochlorines, more preferred selected from: copper chlorophyllin, magnesium chlorophyllin, protoporphyrin IX derivatives and modified chlorin e6 compounds, or f) mixtures of at least two pigments or dyes selected from a), b), c), d) and e).

[0343] Preferably, at least one pigment or dye is Solvent Green 3 (CAS 128-80-3), Patent Blue V (CAS 25305-77-5), or Pigment Green 7(CAS 1328-53-6). Even more preferred, at least one pigment or dye is Solvent Green 3 (CAS 128-80-3) or Patent Blue V (CAS 25305-77-5).

[0344] Preferably the pesticide is a fungicide.

[0345] In one embodiment at least one fungicide is selected from: paclubutrazole, uniconazole, isoflucypram, pydiflumetofen, fluopyram, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, mefentrifluconazole, fluxapyroxad, metyltetraprole, metconazole, prothioconazole, propiconazole, inpyrfluxam, benzovindiflupyr, pyd-iflumetofen, pyraclostrobin, kresoxim-methy, fenpicoxamid and sulfur. Preferably, the at least one fungicide is selected from mefentrifluconazole, fluxapyroxad, metyltetraprole and sulfur.

[0346] Preferably, the method for combating phytopathogenic fungi applies the agrochemical composition as a foliar application on the upper, more sun exposed leaves.

[0347] More preferred, the agrochemical composition is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 69, preferably at a growth stage of 39 to 59 and more preferred at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 51 , in case the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, preferably wheat, or the agrochemical composition is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 69, preferably once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 59, more preferred once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 47or 51 , and most preferred once at the growth stage of BBCH 31 to 32 and once at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 51, in case the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, preferably wheat, or the agrochemical composition is applied at least once at a growth stage of R2 to R6, preferably at a growth stage of R3 to R5 and most preferred at the growth stage of R4, in case the plants are soybean plants.

[0348] Even more preferred, the agrochemical composition is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 53, preferably at a growth stage of 39 to 49 and more preferred at the growth stage of BBCH 47or 48, in case the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, preferably wheat, or the agrochemical composition is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 53, preferably once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 49, more preferred once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 47or 48, and most preferred once at the growth stage of BBCH 31 to 32 and once at the growth stage of BBCH 47or 48, in case the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, preferably wheat, or the agrochemical composition is applied at least once at a growth stage of R2 to R6, preferably at a growth stage of R3 to R5 and most preferred at the growth stage of R4 in case the plants are soybean plants.

[0349] Another embodiment of the invention is a method for improving crop yield or improving the tolerance against biotic or abiotic stress of plants, comprising treating the plans with an effective amount of an agrochemical composition as described herein.

[0350] Preferably the agrochemical compositions are applied in case the plants are in danger of experiencing high irradiation stress due to high light intensity or are in danger of experiencing drought stress.

[0351] Perferably the agrochemical compositions are applied at certain growth stages, e.g. at a growth stage shortly before flowering. Examples for preferred growth stages are: a) if the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, the agrochemical composition is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 69, preferably at a growth stage of 39 to 59 and more preferred at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 51 , or b) if the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, and the at least one pigment or dye is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 69, preferably once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 59, more preferred once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 47or 51, and most preferred once at the growth stage of BBCH 31 to 32 and once at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 51, or c) if the plants are soybean plants, the agrochemical composition is applied at least once at a growth stage of R2 to R6, preferably at a growth stage of R3 to R5 and most preferred at the growth stage of R4 or d) if the plants are corn plants, the agrochemical composition is applied one or more times at a growth stage of V8 to R1 , preferably at a growth stage of V10 to VT

[0352] A further embodiment of the invention is a kit of at least two parts, comprising: a) an agrochemical composition as described above and b) an agrochemical composition comprising a pesticide and c) a manual which describes how to combine the agrochemical composition of a) with the agrochemical composition of b) to use the resulting composition in a method for improving crop yield or plant health, or in a method for breeding hybrid plants, or in a method for selecting parental inbred plant lines, or in a method for combating phytopathogenic fungi on plants.

[0353] The invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting embodiments:

[0354] Embodiment 1 : A method for improving crop yield or plant health relative to a control crop by treating plants with an effective amount of at least one pigment or dye, wherein the at least one pigment or dye has an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 820 nm, preferably an upper quarter value not above 710 nm.

[0355] Embodiment 2: A method as described in embodiment 1, wherein the at least one pigment or dye is applied with a foliar treatment performed at a growth stage shortly before flowering or in early flowering.

[0356] Embodiment 3: A method as described in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, wherein the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, preferably wheat, and the pigment or dye is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 69, preferably at a growth stage of 39 to 59 and more preferred at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 51.

[0357] Embodiment 4: A method as described in any one of embodiment 1 to 3, wherein the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, and the pigment or dye is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 69, preferably once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 59, more preferred once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 47or 51 , and most preferred once at the growth stage of BBCH 31 to 32 and once at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 51 .

[0358] Embodiment 5: A method as described in any one of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, wherein the plants are soybean plants and the pigment or dye is applied s applied one or more times at a growth stage of R2 to R6, preferably at a growth stage of R3 to R5 and most preferred when the growth stage is R4.

[0359] Embodiment 6: A method for breeding hybrid plants, comprising: a) providing an inbred maternal line b) providing an inbred paternal line c) growing the lines of a) and b) sufficiently close to each other to allow for pollination of the plants of the line of a) by pollen of the plants of the line of b) and treating at least the plants of the line of a) with a foliar application of a pigment or dye comprising composition, and d) harvesting the seeds of the plants of the line of a), wherein the composition comprises at least one pigment or dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 820 nm, preferably an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, when solved or dispersed in the composition.

[0360] Embodiment 7: A method for breeding hybrid plants as described in embodiment 6, wherein the plants of the line of a) and the plants of the line of b) are treated with a pigment or dye comprising composition.

[0361] Embodiment 8: A method for selecting parental inbred plant lines for the production of hybrid plants, comprising: a) providing a plurality of inbred parental plant lines, b) testing the paternal plant lines of a) for pigment or dye mediated yield effects, by growing the parental plant lines b1) ones without foliar treatment with a pigment or dye comprising composition and b2) ones with a foliar treatment with a pigment or dye comprising composition, wherein the growth conditions of b1) and b2) are identical or very similar, c) harvesting the seeds of the plant lines of b1) and plant lines of b2) d) identifying those plant lines which show an enhanced yield effect in b2) compared to b1), e) selecting a line showing a high improved yield effect in b2) as maternal or paternal line, f) growing the line selected in e) and crossing this line with another line, preferably crossing this line with a plant line also showing an improved yield effect when treated with a pigment or dye, to produce a hybrid seed and g) harvesting the seed of the maternal line used in f) wherein the composition comprises at least one pigment or dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 820 nm, preferably an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, when solved or dispersed in the composition.

[0362] Embodiment 9: A method for selecting parental inbred plant lines for the production of hybrid plants, comprising: a) providing a plurality of inbred parental plant lines b) testing the parental plant lines of a) for pigment or dye mediated yield effects, by growing the parental plant lines b1) ones without foliar treatment with a pigment or dye comprising composition and b2) ones with foliar treatment with a pigment or dye comprising composition, wherein the growth conditions of b1) and b2) are identical or very similar, c) harvesting the seeds of the plant lines of b1) and plant lines of b2) d) identifying those plant lines which show an enhanced yield effect in b2) compared to b1), e) selecting a plant line showing a low or no enhanced yield effect in b2) but having a comparatively high yield in b1 ), as maternal or paternal line, f) growing the plant line selected in e) and crossing this line with another line, preferably crossing with a plant line showing also a low or no enhanced yield effect but having a comparatively high yield in b1), to produce a hybrid seed, g) harvesting the seed of the maternal line used in f) wherein the composition comprises at least one pigment or dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 820 nm, preferably an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, when solved or dispersed in the composition.

[0363] Embodiment 10; A method for selecting parental inbred plant lines for the production of hybrid plants as described in embodiment 8 or 9, wherein the plant line selected in e) is used as paternal plant line in f).

[0364] Embodiment 11 : A method for selecting parental inbred plant lines for the production of hybrid plants as described in embodiment 8 or 9, wherein the plant line selected in e) is used as maternal plant line in f).

[0365] Embodiment 12: A method as described in any one of embodiments 1 to 11 , wherein at least one pigment or dye has: a) an absorption peak with a maximum between 600 nm and 660 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 510 nm and an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, and preferably having a lower half value between 530 and 600 and an upper half value between 650 and 690, or b) an absorption peak with a maximum between 560 nm and 600 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 680 nm, and preferably having a lower half value between 500 and 520 and an upper half value between 640 and 660, or c) or mixtures of at least one pigment or dye selected from a) and at least one pigment or dye selected from b).

[0366] Embodiment 13: A method as described in any one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein at least one pigment or dye is selected from the following groups: a) an anthracenedione dye or pigment, preferably selected from: Solvent Green 3 (CAS 128-80- 3) 1 ,4-bis[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione, Quinizarin Blue (CAS 81-48-1) 1- hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione, Alizarin Cyanine Green G (CAS 3443-90-1) 2, 24(9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-1 ,4-anthracenediyl)diimino]bis[5-methyl- benzenesulfonic acid, Solvent Blue 35 (CAS 17354-14-2) 1 ,4-bis(butylamino)-9,10- anthracenedione, Solvent Blue 90 (CAS 81-48-1) 1-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10- Anthracenedione and Solvent Blue 36 (CAS 14233-37-5) 1 ,4-bis[(1-methylethyl)amino]-9,10- anthracenedione, or b) nonhalogenated or halogenated copper phthalocyanine dye or pigment, preferably selected from Pigment Green 7 (CAS 1328-53-6 and CAS 1328-45-6), Pigment Green 36 (CAS 14302- 13-7) and Phthalocyanine Blue BN (CAS 147-14-8), or c) Patent Blue V (CAS 25305-77-5) Ethanaminium, N-[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](5-hydroxy- 2,4-disulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-, inner salt, or as Ca salt (CAS 3536-49-0) or as Na salt (CAS 20262-76-4), Acid Blue 1 (CAS 116-95-0) Ethanaminium, N-[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](2,4-disulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N- ethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt or as Na salt (CAS 129-17-9), Acid Green 3 (CAS 6638-02-4) enzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[ethyl[(3- sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl]phenylmethylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3-sulfo-, inner salt, or as Na-salt (CAS 4680-78-8), Acid Green 9 (CAS 25305-97-9) Benzenemethanaminium, N-[4-[(2-chlorophenyl)[4-[ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl]methylene]-2,5- cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-3-sulfo-, inner salt, or as Na-salt (CAS 4857-81-2), Acid Blue 9 (CAS 25305-78-6) Benzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[ethyl[(3- sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl](2-sulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3- sulfo-, inner salt, or as Na-salt (CAS 3844-45-9), or d) Pigment Green 8 (CAS 16143-80-9), Acid Brilliant Green BS (CAS 3087-16-9) and Pigmosol AGRO Green (CAS 2353-45-9). e) a macrocyclic tetrapyrrole compound dye or pigment, preferably selected from: pyrroles, pyrrolines, chlorines, bacteriochlorines and isobacteriochlorines, more preferred selected from: copper chlorophyllin, magnesium chlorophyllin, protoporphyrin IX derivatives and modified chlorin e6 compounds, or f) mixtures of at least two pigments or dyes selected from a), b), c), d) and e).

[0367] Embodiment 14: A method as described in any one of embodiments 1 to 13, wherein at least one pigment or dye is Solvent Green 3 (CAS 128-80-3), Patent Blue V (CAS 25305-77-5) or Pigment Green 7 (CAS 1328-53-6).

[0368] Embodiment 15: A method as described in any one of embodiments 1 to 14, wherein at least one pigment or dye is Solvent Green 3 (CAS 128-80-3) or Patent Blue V (CAS 25305-77-5). Embodiment 16: A method as described in any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein at least one dye is solved in at least one solvent, preferably selected from C10 dimethyl amide, C8 / 10 dimethyl amide, C12 dimethyl amide, C6-C10 Methyl caprylate-caprate, C18 methyl canolate ester, C18 methyl oleate ester, C8 Saturated Fatty Alcohol and oleyl-cetyl unsaturated fatty alcohol, preferably at least one solvent is a C10 dimethyl amide.

[0369] Embodiment 17: A method as described in any one of embodiments 1 to 16, wherein at least one dye is solved in at least one solvent selected from Agnique AMD 10 (CAS 14433-76-2), Agnique AMD 810 (CAS 308062-09-1), Agnique AMD 12 (CAS 3007-53-2), preferably at least one solvent is Agnique AMD 10 (CAS 14433-76-2). Embodiment 18: The use of a pigment or dye as defined in any one of embodiments 1 or 12 to 17 for improving crop yield or plant health, or for breeding hybrid plants, or for selecting parental inbred plant lines.

[0370] Embodiment 19: The use of a pigment or dye as defined in any one of embodiments 1 or 12 to 17 for improving plant yield relative to a control crop, or for breeding hybrid plants, or for selecting parental inbred plant lines, wherein: a) the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, preferably wheat, and the at least one pigment or dye is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 69, preferably at a growth stage of 39 to 59 and more preferred at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 51, b) the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, preferably wheat, and the at least one pigment or dye is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 69, preferably once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 59, more preferred once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 47or 51 , and most preferred once at the growth stage of BBCH 31 to 32 and once at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 51 , or c) the plants are soybean plants and the at least one pigment or dye is applied at least once at a growth stage of R2 to R6, preferably at a growth stage of R3 to R5 and most preferred at the growth stage of R4.

[0371] Embodiment 20: An agrochemical composition comprising, a) at least one pigment or dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 820 nm, preferably an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, when solved or dispersed in the composition, and b) and at least one pesticide, at least one UV filter and / or at least one near-infrared absorber. Embodiment 21 : An agrochemical composition according to embodiment 20, wherein at least one pigment or dye has: a) an absorption peak with a maximum between 600 nm and 660 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 510 nm and an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, and preferably having a lower half value between 530 and 600 and an upper half value between 650 and 690, or b) an absorption peak with a maximum between 560 nm and 600 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 680 nm, and preferably having a lower half value between 500 and 520 and an upper half value between 640 and 660, or c) or mixtures of at least one pigment or dye selected from a) and at least one pigment or dye selected from b).

[0372] Embodiment 22: An agrochemical composition according to embodiment 20, wherein at least one pigment or dye is selected from the following groups: a) an anthracenedione dye or pigment, preferably selected from: Solvent Green 3 (CAS 128-80- 3) 1 ,4-bis[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione, Quinizarin Blue (CAS 81-48-1) 1- hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione, Alizarin Cyanine Green G (CAS 3443-90-1) 2, 2 (9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-1 ,4-anthracenediyl)diimino]bis[5-methyl- benzenesulfonic acid, Solvent Blue 35 (CAS 17354-14-2) 1 ,4-bis(butylamino)-9,10- anthracenedione, Solvent Blue 90 (CAS 81-48-1) 1-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10- Anthracenedione and Solvent Blue 36 (CAS 14233-37-5) 1 ,4-bis[(1-methylethyl)amino]-9,10- anthracenedione, or b) nonhalogenated or halogenated copper phthalocyanine dye or pigment, preferably selected from Pigment Green 7 (CAS 1328-53-6 and CAS 1328-45-6), Pigment Green 36 (CAS 14302- 13-7) and Phthalocyanine Blue BN (CAS 147-14-8), or c) Patent Blue V (CAS 25305-77-5) Ethanaminium, N-[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](5-hydroxy- 2,4-disulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-, inner salt, or as Ca salt (CAS 3536-49-0) or as Na salt (CAS 20262-76-4), Acid Blue 1 (CAS 116-95-0) Ethanaminium, N-[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](2,4-disulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N- ethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt or as Na salt (CAS 129-17-9), Acid Green 3 (CAS 6638-02-4) enzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[ethyl[(3- sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl]phenylmethylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3-sulfo-, inner salt, or as Na-salt (CAS 4680-78-8), Acid Green 9 (CAS 25305-97-9) Benzenemethanaminium, N-[4-[(2-chlorophenyl)[4-[ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl]methylene]-2,5- cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-3-sulfo-, inner salt, or as Na-salt (CAS 4857-81-2), Acid Blue 9 (CAS 25305-78-6) Benzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[ethyl[(3- sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl](2-sulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3- sulfo-, inner salt, or as Na-salt (CAS 3844-45-9), or d) Pigment Green 8 (CAS 16143-80-9), Acid Brilliant Green BS (CAS 3087-16-9) and Pigmosol AGRO Green (CAS 2353-45-9). e) a macrocyclic tetrapyrrole compound dye or pigment, preferably selected from: pyrroles, pyrrolines, chlorines, bac-teriochlorines and isobacteriochlorines, more preferred selected from: copper chlorophyllin, magnesium chlorophyllin, protoporphyrin IX derivatives and modified chlorin e6 compounds, or f) mixtures of at least two pigments or dyes selected from a), b), c), d) and e).

[0373] Embodiment 23: An agrochemical composition according to any one of embodiments 20 to 23, wherein at least one pigment or dye is Solvent Green 3 (CAS 128-80-3), Patent Blue V (CAS 25305-77-5), or Pigment Green 7(CAS 1328-53-6).

[0374] Embodiment 24: An agrochemical composition according to any one of embodiments 20 to 24, wherein at least one pigment or dye is Solvent Green 3 (CAS 128-80-3) or Patent Blue V (CAS 25305-77-5).

[0375] Embodiment 25: An agrochemical composition according to any one of embodiments 20 to 25, wherein at least one dye is solved in at least one solvent, preferably selected from C10 dimethyl amide, C8 / 10 dimethyl amide, C12 dimethyl amide, C6-C10 Methyl caprylate-caprate, C18 methyl canolate ester, C18 methyl oleate ester, C8 Saturated Fatty Alcohol and oleyl-cetyl unsaturated fatty alcohol, preferably at least one solvent is a C10 dimethyl amide.

[0376] Embodiment 26: An agrochemical composition according to embodiment 25, wherein at least one solvent is selected from Agnique AMD 10 (CAS 14433-76-2), Agnique AMD 810 (CAS 308062-09-1), Agnique AMD 12 (CAS 3007-53-2), preferably at least one solvent is Agnique AMD 10 (CAS 14433-76-2).

[0377] Embodiment 27: An agrochemical composition according to any one of embodiments 20 to 27, wherein at least one fungicide selected from the groups a) to d), being: e) benodanil (A.3.1), benzovindiflupyr (A.3.2), bixafen (A.3.3), boscalid (A.3.4), carboxin (A.3.5), cyclobutrifluram (A.3.24), fenfuram (A.3.6), fluopyram (A.3.7), flutolanil (A.3.8), fluxapyroxad (A.3.9), furametpyr (A.3.10), inpyrfluxam (A.3.22), isofetamid (A.3.11), isoflucypram (A.3.31), isopyrazam (A.3.12), mepronil (A.3.13), oxycarboxin (A.3.14), penflufen (A.3.15), penthiopyrad (A.3.16), pydiflumetofen (A.3.17), pyrapropoyne (A.3.23), pyraziflumid (A.3.18), sedaxane (A.3.19), tecloftalam (A.3.20), thiflu-’zarrride (A.3.21), fluindapyr (A.3.28), N [2 [2 chloro-4 (trifluoro-methyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-3 (difluoromethyl)-5 fluoro-1 methyl-pyrazole-4 carboxamide (A.3.29), methyl (E) 2 [2 [(5 cyano-2 methyl-phenoxy)methyl]phenyl]-3 methoxyprop-2 enoate (A.3.30), 2 (difluoromethyl)-N (1,1 ,3 trimethyl-indan-4 yl)-pyridine-3 carboxamide (A.3.32), 2 (difluoromethyl)-N [(3R) 1,1 ,3 tri",methylindan-4 ylJ-'pyridine-S carboxamide (A.3.33), 2 (difluoromethyl)-N (3 ethyl-1 , 1 dimethyl-indan-4 yl^pyridine-S carboxamide (A.3.34), 2 (difluoromethyl)-N [(3R) 3 ethyl-1 , 1 dimethyl-indan-4 yl^pyridine-S carboxamide (A.3.35), 2 (difluoromethyl)-N (1 ,1 dimethyl-3 propyl-indan-4 yl)pyridine-3 carboxamide (A.3.36), 2 (difluoromethyl)-N [(3R) 1 ,1 dimethyl-3 propyl-indan-4 yl]pyridine-3 carboxamide (A.3.37), 2 (difluoromethyl)-N (3 isobutyl-1 ,1 dimethyl-indan-4 y^pyridine-S carboxamide (A.3.38), 2 (difluoromethyl)-N [(3R) 3 isobutyl-1, 1 dimethyl indan 4 yl]pyridine 3-carboxamide (A.3.39); f) azaconazole (B.1.1), bitertanol (B.1.2), bromuconazole (B.1.3), cyproconazole (B.1.4), difenoconazole (B.1.5), diniconazole (B.1.6), dinicon-'azole M (B.1.7), epoxiconazole (B.1.8), fenbuconazole (B.1.9), fluoxytioconazole (B.1.33), fluquinconazole (B.1.10), flusilazole (B.1.11), flutriafol (B.1.12), hexaconazole (B.1.13), imibenconazole (B.1.14), ipconazole (B.1.15), ipfentrifluconazole (B.1.37), mefentrifluconazole (B.1.38), metconazole (B.1.17), myclobutanil (B.1.18), oxpoconazole (B.1.19), paclobutrazole (B.1.20), penconazole (B.1.21), propiconazole (B.1.22), prothioconazole (B.1.23), simeconazole (B.1.24), tebuconazole (B.1.25), tetraconazole (B.1.26), triadimefon (B.1.27), triadimenol (B.1.28), triticonazole (B.1.29), uniconazole (B.1.30), 2 (2,4 difluorophenyl)-1 ,1 difluoro-3 (tetrazol-1 yl)-1 [5 [4 (2,2,2 trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]-2 pyridyl]propan-2 ol (B.1.31), 2 (2,4 difluorophenyl)-1,1 difluoro-3 (tetrazol-1 yl)-1 [5 [4 (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2 pyridyl]propan-2 ol (B.1.32), 2 (chloromethyl)-2 methyl-5 (p tolyhmethyl)-1 (1 ,2,4 triazol-1 ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (B.1.43), 4 [[6 [2 (2,4 difluorophenyl)-1 ,1 di-,flu_,oro-2 hydroxy-3 (1 ,2,4 triazol-1 yl)propyl]-3 pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile (B.1.53), 2 [6 (4 bromophenoxy)-2 (trifluoromethyl)-3 pyridyl]-1 (1 ,2,4 triazol-1 yl)propan-2 ol (B.1.54), 2 [6 (4 chlo-,rophenoxy)-2 (trifluoromethyl)-3 pyridyl]-1 (1,2,4 tr azol-l yl)propan-2 ol (B.1.55), (2R) 2 [4 (4 chlorophenoxy)-2 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 (1 ,2,4 triazol-1 yl)propan-2 ol, (2S) 2 [4 (4 chlo_,rophenoxy)-2 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 (1 ,2,4 triazol-1 yl)propan-2 ol, methyl 2 [2 chloro-4 (4 chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2 hydroxy-3 (1,2,4 triazol-1 yl)propanoate (B.1.56), 2 [2 chloro-4 (4 chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2 hydroxy-3 (1 ,2,4 triazol-1 yl)propanoic acid (B.1.57); imidazoles: imazalil (B.1.44), pefurazoate (B.1.45), prochloraz (B.1.46), triflumizole (B.1.47); pyrimidines, pyridines, piperazines: fenarimol (B.1.49), pyrifenox (B.1.50), triforine (B.1.51), [3 (4 chloro-2 fluoro-phenyl)-5 (2,4 difluorophenyl)isoxazol-4 yl]-(3 pyridyl)methanol (B.1.52); g) azoxystrobin (A.1.1), bifujunzhi (A.1.37), coumethoxystrobin (A.1.2), coumoxystrobin

[0378] (A.1.3), dimoxystrobin (A.1.4), enestroburin (A.1.5), famoxadone (A.1.21), fenamidone (A.1.21), fenaminstrobin (A.1.6), flufen-'oxystrobin (A.1.7), fluoxastrobin (A.1.8), kresoxim-methyl (A.1.9), mandestrobin (A.1.10), metominostrobin (A.1.11), metyltetraprole (A.1.25; member of MoA subgroup A), orysa-'strobin (A.1.12), picoxystrobin (A.1.13), pyraclostrobin (A.1.14), pyrametostrobin (A.1.15), pyraoxystrobin (A.1.16), pyribencarb (A.1.19), pyriminostrobin (A.1.36), triclopyricarb (A.1.20), trifloxystrobin (A.1.17), 2 (2 (3 (2,6 dichlorophenyl)-1 methyl- allylideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2 methoxyimino-N methyl-acetamide (A.1.18), methyl-N [2 [(1 ,4 dimethyl-5 phenyl-pyrazol-3 yl)oxylmethyl]phenyl]-N methoxy-carbamate (A.1.22), (Z,2E) 5 [1 (2,4 dichlorophenyl)pyrazol-3 yl]-oxy-2 methoxyimino-N, 3 dimethyl-pent-3 en-|amide (A.1.34), (Z,2E) 5 [1 (4 chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3 yl]oxy-2 methoxyimino-N, 3 dimethyl-pent-3 enamide (A.1.35), 2 (ontho-((2,5 dimethylphenyl-oxymethylen)phenyl)-3 methoxy-acrylic acid methylester (A.1.38), methyl (Z) 3 methoxy-2 [2 methyl-5 (3 propylpyrazol-1 yl)phenoxy]prop-2 enoate, methyl (Z) 2 [5 (3 isopropylpyrazol-1 yl)-2 methyl-phenoxy]-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate, methyl (Z) 3 methoxy-2 [2 methyl-5 [3 (trifluoro-,meth-,yl)pyrazol-1 yl]phenoxy]prop-2 enoate, methyl (Z) 3 methoxy-2 [2 methyl-5 (4 propyltriazol-2 yl)phenoxy]prop-2 enoate, methyl (Z) 3 meth-|oxy-2 [2 methyl-5 [4 (trifluoromethyl)-|triazol-2 yl]phenoxy]prop-2 enoate, methyl (Z) 2 [5 (4 isopropyltriazol-2 yl)-2 methyl-phenoxy]-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate, methyl (Z) 2 (5 cyclobutyl- 2 methyl-phenoxy)-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate, methyl (Z) 2 (5 cyclo-pentyl-2 methyl-phenoxy)-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate, methyl (Z) 2 (5 cyclo-,propyl-2 methyl-phen-,oxy)-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate, methyl (Z) 2 (5 cyclo-,hexyl-2 methyl-phenoxy)-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate, methyl (E) 3 methoxy-2 [(2 methyl-5 phenyl-phenyl)methyl]prop-2 enoate, methyl (E) 3 methoxy-2 [(2 meth"iyl-5 phenyl-phenyl)methyl]prop-2 enoate; methyl (E) 3 meth",oxy-2 [[5 [(E) N methoxy-C methyl-carbonimidoyl]-2,4 dimethyl-phenyl]methyl]prop-2 enoate; methyl (E) 2 [[5 (2 cyclopropy|-,ethynyl)-2,4 dimethyl-phenyl]methyl]-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate; methyl (E) 3 methoxy-2 (2 phenyl-1 ,3 benz-,oxazol-4 yl)prop-2 enoate; methyl (E) 3 methoxy-2 (2 phenyl-1 ,3 benzothiazol-4 yl)prop-2 enoate; methyl (E) 3 methoxy-2 (2 phenyl-1 ,3 benzoxazol-7 yl)prop-2 enoate; methyl (Z) 2 [6 (2 cyclopropylethynyl)benzimidazol-1 yl]-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate; methyl (Z) 3 methoxy-2 (6 phenyhbenzimidazol-1 yl)prop-2 enoate; methyl (Z) 2 (3 chloro-6 phenyl-indol-1 yl)-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate; methyl (Z) 2 (2,3 dichloro-6 phenyl-indol-1 yl)-3 meth-'Oxy-prop-2 enoate; methyl (Z) 3 methoxy-2 [6 [(E) methoxy-'imino-,methyl]indol-1 yl]prop- 2 enoate; methyl (Z) 3 methoxy-2 [6 [(E) N methoxy-C methyl-carbonimidoyl]indol-1 yl]->prop-2 enoate, methyl (E) 2 [4 chloro-2 (4 methylpent- 1 ynyl)phenyl]-3 methoxy-prop-2 en_,oate, methyl (E) 3 methoxy-2 [4 methoxy-2 (4 methylpent-1 ynyl)phenyl]prop-2 enoate, methyl (E) 2 (4 chloro-2 hex-1 ynyl-phenyl)-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate, methyl (E) 2 (2 hex-1 ynyl-4 methoxy- phenyl)-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate, methyl (E) 2 [2 [[1 (4 chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3 yl]oxymethyl]-6 methyl-phenyl]-3 methoxy-prop-2 en-’oate, methyl (2E) 2 [2 [[1 (4 chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3 yl]oxymethyl]-6 methyl-phenyl] 2-meth-,oxyimino-actate, (2E) 2 [2 [[1 (4 chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3 yl]oxymethyl]-6 methyl-phenyl]-2 methoxyimino-N methyl-acetamide, methyl (E) 2 [2 [[(E) 1 (4 chlorophenyl)ethylidene-iamino]oxy_,methyl]-6 methyl-phenyl]-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate, methyl (E) 3 methoxy-2 [2 methyl-6 [[(E) 1 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylideneamino]oxymethyl]phenyl]prop-2 enoate, methyl (E) 2 [4 chloro- 2 [[(E) 1 (4 chlorophenyl)ethylideneamino]oxymethyl]phenyl]-3 methoxy-prop-2 enoate, methyl (E) 2 [2 chloro-6 [[(E) 1 (4 chlorophenyl)ethylidene-,amino]oxymethyl]-,phenyl]-3 methoxy-prop- 2 enoate, methyl N [[5 [1 (2,6 difluoro-4-isopropyl-phenyl)pyrazol-3 yl]-2 methyl- phenyl]methyl]carbamate, methyl N [[5 [1 (4 cyclopropyl-2,6 difluoro-phenyl)-,pyrazol-3 yl]-2 methyl-phenyl]methyl]carbamate; h) Bordeaux mixture (H.1.1), copper (H.1.2), copper acetate (H.1.3), copper hydroxide (H.1.4), copper oxychloride (H.1.5), basic copper sulfate (H.1.6), sulfur (H.1.7), ferbam (H.2.1), mancozeb (H.2.2), maneb (H.2.3), metam (H.2.4), metiram.

[0379] Embodiment 28: An agrochemical composition according to any one of embodiments 20 to 27, wherein at least one fungicide is: paclubutrazole, uniconazole, isoflucypram, pydiflumetofen, fluopyram, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, mefentrifluconazole, fluxapyroxad, metyltetraprole, metconazole, prothioconazole, propiconazole, inpyrfluxam, benzovindiflupyr, pydiflumetofen, pyraclostrobin, kresoxim-methy, fenpicoxamid and sulfur. Embodiment 29: An agrochemical composition according to any one of embodiments 20 to 28, wherein at least one fungicide is selected from mefentrifluconazole, fluxapyroxad, metyltetraprole and sulfur.

[0380] Embodiment 30: An agrochemical composition according to any one of embodiments 20 to 29, wherein at least one pigment or dye is a nonhalogenated or halogenated copper phthalocyanine and the composition does not comprise trifloxystrobin, paclobutrazole, propiconazole, triadimefon, triticonazole, iprodione, fludioxonil, mancozeb, maneb, chlorothalonil, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, phosphorous acid and its salts, calcium phosphonate or potassium phosphonate.

[0381] Embodiment 31 : An agrochemical composition according to any one of embodiments 20 to 30, comprising at least one UV filter and or at least one near-infrared absorber, wherein the a) the UV filter is selected from: benzotriazoles, cyanoacrylate derivatives, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) derivatives, esters of salicylic acid, esters of cinnamic acid, derivatives of benzophenones, sulfonic acid derivatives of benzophenones, 3-benzylidenecamphor and derivatives thereof, esters of benzalmalonic acid, triazine derivatives, propane-1 , 3-diones, 2- phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid or 2-phenylbenzimidazole-4-sulfonic acid and alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium and glucammonium salts thereof, derivatives of benzoylmethane and aminohydroxy-substituited derivatives of benzophenones; or b) near-infrared absorber has an absorption peak with a maximum between 750 to 1.1950 nm and half maximum between 700 to 1.200 nm.

[0382] Embodiment 32: A method for combating phyto pathogenic fungi, comprising treating the fungi or the plants to be protected against fungal attack, with an effective amount of an agrochemical composition as defined in any of the embodiments 20 to 31 .

[0383] Embodiment 33: A method for combating phytopathogenic fungi according to any one of embodiments 15 to 17, wherein the composition is used as a foliar application and a) the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, preferably wheat, and the at least one pigment or dye is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 69, preferably at a growth stage of 39 to 59 and more preferred at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 51 , or b) the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, preferably wheat, and the at least one pigment or dye is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 69, preferably once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 59, more preferred once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 47or 51 , and most preferred once at the growth stage of BBCH 31 to 32 and once at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 51 , or c) the plants are soybean plants and the at least one pigment or dye is applied at least once at a growth stage of R2 to R6, preferably at a growth stage of R3 to R5 and most preferred at the growth stage of R4.

[0384] Embodiment 34: A kit of at least two parts, comprising a) an agrochemical composition as claimed in any one of embodiments 20 to 26 and b) an agrochemical composition comprising a pesticide and c) a manual which describes how to combine the agrochemical composition of a) with the agrochemical composition of b) to use the resulting composition in a method as described in any one of embodiments 1 to 17 or in a method as described in embodiments 32 or 33. Embodiment 35: A use of a composition as defined in any of embodiments 20 to 31 in a method as described in any one of embodiments 1 to 17 or in a method as described in embodiments 32 or 33.

[0385] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

[0386] The present invention will be described in greater detail by means of the following examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0387] Example 1

[0388] The UV VIS absorption spectra of the samples were determined with an absorption spectrometer SPECTROstarNanofrom BMG Labtech. The samples were measured in quartz cuvettes to ensure transparency in the UV region. The quartz cuvettes used were from Hellma (Article No. 101-10-40, absorption cells with PTFE lid, UV / VIS 200-2500 nm, 10 mm optical path length, 3500 pL volume, high precision cell made of quartz Suprasil®). For the measurements the concentrations of the sample were diluted to 50 mg dye or pigment per liter or lower.

[0389] Two different procedures were used for dilution of the samples to the desired measuring concentration. For the water-soluble dyes, the formulated pigments and for the formulated nonwater-soluble dyes water was used for dilution to the desired measuring concentration. To characterize the non-water-soluble dyes in solution they were dissolved in organic solvents (e.g. Solvesso 200 ND or Agnique AMD 810) and diluted with the respective solvent to the desired measuring concentration. To ensure measuring the absorption spectra in the linear range of the used absorption spectrometer samples need to be diluted to maximum OD (optical density) of 2 (2.5). Below this OD the measured spectra scale in height linearly with the sample concentrations.

[0390] Example 2: Yield trials

[0391] General field management EU

[0392] Prior to planting, soil fertility and pH were determined through soil testing. Nutrients (fertilizer) and soil amendments were applied to levels required for maximum productivity. Soil tillage ensures that the field trial is planted on a homogeneous and well-prepared seed bed. Seeds are treated with Signal + Vibrance Gold. Insect and weed infestations were controlled in a timely manner. Use of registered pre-plant and in crop herbicides had been applied to proactively control weed issues. Preventive fungicide sprays were applied. If fungal disease is apparent, extra fungicide sprays have been applied in a timely manner. All pesticide and fertilizer applications were recorded in the field book. Each plot is harvested when the average seed moisture content of the field trial is below 15%.

[0393] Yield trials at BASF field location Gatersleben, GER (2019)

[0394] In 2019, two locally adapted winter wheat varieties (REFORM, TOBAK) were used for the pigment 7 foliar treatments in a randomized split-plot design with a high number of repetitions (10 reps per line) and plot sizes around 10m2 (ca 250 seeds m-2). The treatments were a) spray application at two time points (Z31+Z47) and b) no spray application as control. The dose of ca. 380g pigment / ha per application was used for the pigment treatments.

[0395] Table 5: 2019 yield effects of pigment treatments in winter wheat

[0396] Yield trials at BASF field location Milly la Foret, FRA (2020, 2021)

[0397] In 2020 and 2021 a set of winter wheat varieties consisting of 4-5 hybrids, up to 9 parental lines, and 2-3 checks including one commercial hybrid (see table 6 below) were used for testing the yield effects of foliar applications of Pigment Green 7 (water suspension; Pigmosol Agro Green 8730). The first trial was sown October 11, 2019, and harvested July 17, 2020, the second trial was sown October 14, 2020 and harvested July 23, 2021 . The trials were set up in a randomized block design with 6 reps per entry (250 seeds m-2, hybrids 170 seeds m-2) and a plot size of 10m2. The treatments were a) single application at Z31 , and b) two consecutive applications at Z31 and Z47, as well as control treatments (solution without pigment = actually water only) to confirm previous findings on positive yield effects in Z31+Z47 and rather negative ones in Z31. The dose of ca. 380g pigment / ha per application was used for the pigment treatments. Grain yield, TKW and test weight were recorded.

[0398] Table 6: 2020 yield effects of pigment treatments in winter wheat Table 7: 2021 yield effects of pigment treatments in winter wheat (part 1) Table 7: 2021 yield effects of pigment treatments in winter wheat (part 2)

[0399]

[0400] Example 3: Yield and yield components Table 8a and Table 8b: Pigmosol Agro Green 8730 effect on hybrids and parental lines in 2020 and 2021 trials. Two applications were done (Z31+Z47). Male or female line with highest yield effects (shown in bold) show also best hybrid yield effects (as well as in a similar range of yield increase). Asterisks and numbers in bold indicate significant effects as compared to the corresponding non-treated controls (p<0.05).

[0401] TKW is thousand kernel weight YLDS is seed-yield

[0402] Table 8a:

[0403] Table 8b:

[0404]

[0405] Table 9: Yield effects of 2 applications with Pigmosol Agro Green 8730 at Z31 and Z47 (Milly la Foret, France 2020 & 2021) and at Z31 and Z48 (Gatersleben, Germany 2019) on different winter wheat lines, including hybrids. Table 10: Yield effects with pigment applications at Z31 & Z47 in multiple locations across Europe (DE, FR, GB, UA) with locally adapted winter wheat varieties. In Germany 3 different pigment formulations were used (Pigmosol Agro Green 8730 WG, BAS898SJS, BAS 898SKS). Asterisks indicate significant effects as compared to the corresponding non-treated controls (*p<0.05; **p<0.01; n=7).

[0406] Example 4: Field trials to study yield effects if added to various fungicide modes of actions

[0407] A trial series was conducted in 2021 in winter wheat under practical field conditions at different European locations as randomized block design with 4 replicates. All trials were done according to standards prepared by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), namely EPPO PP 1 / 026(4), EPPO PP 1 / 135 (4), EPPO PP 1 / 152 (4), EPPO PP 1 / 181 (4), EPPO PP 1 / 223 (2) and EPPO PP 1 / 239 (2).

[0408] Winter wheat was drilled and grown under standard conditions with adequate supply of nutrients. The target of the trials was to explore whether there is any additional yield effect by using a green pigment (“Pigment Green”, Unisperse Green 8735) in addition to a fungicide, i.e., a yield response on top of pathogen control which is provided by different fungicide modes of actions.

[0409] Sulfur was chosen as a representative multisite fungicide, mefentrifluconazole as a representative candidate from the DMI fungicides, fluxapyroxad as a representative candidate from the SDH I fungicides and metyltetraprole as a novel Qol fungicide.

[0410] Unisperse Green 8735 was used in form of an experimental SC formulation for Pigment Green 7. In addition, a green solvent was used as an alternative candidate (“Solvent Green”, Oracet Green 810) due to its promising absorbance spectra if used in a dissolved form. Hence, this compound was used as an experimental EC formulation, and evaluated for any additional yield contribution if added to a fungicide. These tests have only been made in mixture with sulfur. All formulation details of the tested compounds are shown in Table 11:

[0411] Table 11 : tested formulations and amount of active ingredients per hectare

[0412] The test products were applied repeatedly in a water volume of 200-250 l / ha at the two major established foliar timings for disease control: The first treatment was made at crop growth stage BBCH 31-32 to protect from early leaf diseases on lower leaves, and a follow-up treatment was made once the last leaf was fully emerged (crop growth stage 39). This was considered important for two reasons

[0413] 1. to provide fungal protection of the newly emerged upper leaves

[0414] 2. to achieve a good coverage of the most yield-relevant top leaves with the green pig- ment / solvent.

[0415] No other compounds were applied for pathogen control.

[0416] As disease control was not in the focus, no specific pathogen assessments have been made. At crop growth stage BBCH 75, an assessment on the remaining green tissue was made which allows an overall judgment on the achieved fungicide protection with the different fungicide mode of actions. Once the wheat crops were matured, harvesting of complete plots was done. No lodging occurred in any of the trials.

[0417] Plot yields were transferred to standardized hectare yields with 86% dry matter considering actual plot size and plot-specific moisture content of harvested grains.

[0418] Regarding the green tissue, clear differences could be seen as a result of the fungicide treatment with advantages of the more modern fungicide classes above the multisite. No clear effect of the pigment was identified regarding % green tissue, with a slight but non-significant increase in green tissue only in combination with the multisite (5% on average) or the novel Qol (3% on average): Table 12: Green tissue [%] at crop growth stage BBCH 75 as a result of a double application of test treatments

[0419] The achievement of fungicide-enhanced green tissue could be transferred to yield: The multisite treatment helped to increase the overall yield by 3.3 dt / ha in comparison to the untreated variant, the other fungicide classes added more than the double yield increase. Interestingly, the addition of the pigment resulted in enhanced yields in most cases. Although not always significant, there was a consistent trend to higher yields in presence of the pigment:

[0420] Table 13: Yield response [dt / ha] because of a double app ication of test treatments “significant yield effect of pigment addition (Tukey test, 5% error) The achieved extra yields by the addition of the pigment confirm the hypothesis that by specific absorption of certain wave lengths of sunlight a higher cereal yield is possible under practical conditions. The results for the alternative candidate “Solvent Green 3” (Oracet Green 810), used as an experimental EC formulation in tank mix with sulfur as a multisite, are shown in table 14:

[0421] Table 14: Green tissue [%] and yield [dt / ha] because of a double application of test treatments

[0422] Green tissue Yield

[0423] [%] [dt / ha]

[0424] “significant yield effect of solvent green addition (Tukey test, 5% error)

[0425] Regarding the green tissue, variable results have been observed: Whereas the multisite always increased the green tissue compared to the untreated variant, the addition of the green solvent lead to more variable responses, in most cases some further improvement but sometimes as well neutral or even negative. On average, the multisite use lead to a 9% higher green tissue compared to the fungicide-untreated variant, which was further improved by 6% once the solvent green was added on top of the fungicide.

[0426] Yield responses have been more consistent, especially with regard to the green solvent: In each of the six trials, a yield improvement could be observed. On average, the yield gain by the green solvent on top of the fungicide effect was 3.3 dt / ha (+4%).

[0427] Example 5: Field trials to study additional yield effects if added to a fungicide

[0428] Two trials were made in 2023 in winter wheat in Germany under practical field conditions as randomized block design, each trial with 4 replicates. Both trials were done according to standards prepared by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), namely EPPO PP 1 / 026(4), EPPO PP 1 / 135 (4), EPPO PP 1 / 152 (4), EPPO PP 1 / 181 (4), EPPO PP 1 / 223 (2) and EPPO PP 1 / 239 (2).

[0429] Winter wheat was drilled and grown under standard conditions with adequate supply of nutrients. The target of the trials was to explore whether there is any additional yield effect by using either Oracet Green 810 or Patentblau V in addition to a fungicide which is typically used to control phytopathogenic diseases.

[0430] A combination out of mefentrifluconazole and prothioconazole was selected as test fungicide. Oracet Green 810 was completely dissolved, which leads to a very limited loading of only 10g / I in organic solvents (EC formulation).

[0431] As alternative substance Patent blue V was included in the experiments as it did show a similar absorption pattern with a single test dose rate of 100g / ha. Other than Oracet Green 810, Patent blue V is water soluble which allowed a higher loading of 25g / l in experimental SL formulations. All formulation details of the tested compounds are shown in Table 15:

[0432] Table 15: Tested formulations and amount of active ingredients per hectare The test products were applied once in a water volume of 300 l / ha once the flag leaf was fully emerged (crop growth stage BBCH 39). This is important to ensure its full coverage and thus protection, as the top flag leaf is most decisive for yield formation. For both trials, treatment was made at exactly the same date, namely 26thof May 2023, just at the beginning of an intense heat wave with strong UV radiation:

[0433] No visible disease developed in any of both trials until senescence. For all tested dose rates of the completely dissolved Oracet Green 810, there had been no visible differences among the treated plots in comparison to untreated plots. Interestingly, Patent blue did show some visible coverage directly after application which disappeared within a couple of days. No such coverage could be identified on plants treated with, irrespective of the dose rate. No such coverage could be detected for Oracet Green 810.

[0434] No pathogen attack was recorded throughout the observation period until crop senescence. At crop growth stage BBCH 75, no difference in remaining green tissue was observed. Once the wheat crops were matured, harvesting of complete plots was done. No lodging occurred in any of the trials. Plot yields were transferred to standardized hectare yields with 86% dry matter considering actual plot size and plot-specific moisture content of harvested grains. Table 16 and Table 17 show the obtained individual yields for the two trials.

[0435] Table16: Yield response trial F-2023-432. Untreated yield 77.1 dt / ha; fungicide-treated yield

[0436] 81.7 dt / ha (average across 4 replicates)

[0437] **significant yield effect of treatment (Tukey test, 5% error)

[0438] Table 17: Yield response trial F-2023-450. Untreated yield 70.9 dt / ha; fungicide-treated yield

[0439] 78.1 dt / ha

[0440] ’average across 4 replicates)

[0441] **significant yield effect of treatment (Tukey test, 5% error)

[0442] Most consistent and often significant yield increase had been observed with Oracet Green 810.

[0443] The alternative compound Patent blue V showed interesting yield effects as well.

[0444] The achieved extra yields confirm the hypothesis that by specific absorption of certain wave lengths of sunlight a higher cereal yield is possible under practical conditions. Example 6: Field trials to study yield effects if added to various fungicide modes of actions

[0445] A series of trials was conducted in 2023 in wheat and barley under practical field conditions at different Canadian locations as randomized block design with four replicates. This summary contains data from two wheat trials and one barley trial.

[0446] Spring barley or spring wheat was seeded and grown under standard conditions with adequate supply of nutrients. The target of the trials was to assess whether green pigment in mixture with a fungicide could provide additional crop yield relative to applying a fungicide alone. The pigment used was Oracet Green 810 (i.e. Solvent Green 3) in the form of an experimental EC formulation (“Solvent Green”). A commercial product containing two co-formulated DMI fungicides (prothioconazole + metconazole) was chosen as a representative cereal fungicide for pairing with this green pigment formulation.

[0447] Formulation details of the tested compounds are shown in Table 17 below.

[0448] Table 17: Tested formulations and application rates

[0449] The test products were applied once in a water volume of 200 L / ha after at least 70 % of heads had emerged but before the end of flowering (BBCH 57 to 69). This timing represents the primary fungicide application window in cereals (and in particular, wheat) in Canada, providing protection from fungal diseases of the upper canopy leaves while also protecting heads from infection by fungal pathogens causing Fusarium head blight. No other compounds were applied for disease control in these trials.

[0450] Disease control and green tissue ratings were conducted after treatment application. Only data for green tissue ratings are shown below. These were conducted by visually estimating the percent of total plant biomass that was green in the given plot at the time of rating. Crop staging at the time of this rating ranged from BBCH 70 to 85.

[0451] Harvesting of complete plots was done at crop maturity. No lodging occurred in any of the trials. Grain weights were transformed into standardized hectare yields with 86 % dry matter for wheat or 85.2 % for barley considering actual plot size and plot-specific moisture content of harvested grain. Based on results in Table 18, the DM I fungicide increased green tissue, compared to the untreated check. Table 18 also demonstrates mixtures of the DMI fungicide plus Solvent Green had more green tissue, compared to the DMI fungicide alone. On average, percent green tissue was 3 % greater with the DMI fungicide + solvent green mixture compared to the DMI fungi- cide alone, which itself increased green tissue on average by 8 % compared to the untreated check. Individual trial results demonstrate Solvent Green provided more green tissue compared to the solo DMI fungicide treatment at two of three trials.

[0452] Solvent Green also provided yield benefits. Similar to green tissue results, Solvent Green showed a positive effect on yield when applied with the representative DMI fungicide, as demonstrated in table 18. On average, the DMI fungicide + Solvent Green treatment provided a 5.5 dt / ha yield increase over the untreated check, whereas the DMI fungicide only treatment provided a 3.4 dt / ha benefit. This represents a 2.1 dt / ha yield benefit for the addition of Solvent Green to the DMI fungicide. This benefit in yield was reflected across all three trials presented here. The yield increases seen with the addition of Solvent Green to a fungicide here confirm the hypothesis that by specific absorption of certain wave lengths of sunlight, a higher cereal yield is possible under practical conditions.

[0453] Example 7: Field trials to study yield effects if added to various fungicide modes of action Field trials were conducted in 2023 on corn and soybean grown under practical field conditions at different locations across the United States. Treatments within trials were arranged using a randomized complete block design with four replicates each. This summary contains data from two corn and three soybean trials.

[0454] Corn and soybean were seeded and grown under standard conditions with an adequate supply of nutrients. The objective of the trials was to evaluate whether green pigment, mixed with fungicides, provides yield effects beyond applying the fungicide alone. To test this, Oracet Green 810, in the form of an experimental EC formulation (“Solvent Green 3”) was paired with representative commercial products for both corn and soybean. A commercial formulation of pyraclostrobin was chosen as the representative Qol. Commercial premix products differed by crop with a mefentrifluconazole and pyraclostrobin co-formulation chosen for corn and a mefentrifluconazole and fluxapyroxad co-formulation chosen for soybean. Formulation details of the tested compounds are shown in Table 19.

[0455] Table 19: Tested formulations and application rates

[0456] Corn

[0457] Treatments were applied in a water volume of 200 L / ha at two growth stages, the first applications were made during the late vegetative stage (V10 / V11) and the second was made at tas- seling (VT). These application timings represent the primary window for fungicide applications in field corn in the United States and provide protection against fungal diseases in the middle and upper canopy, including the ear leaf. No other compounds were applied for disease control in these trials. Disease control was assessed after treatment applications but was not the central focus of these trials. Plots were harvested at maturity to compare yields and no lodging was observed in either of these trials. Yield benefits were observed in both corn trials and for both the solo-Qol and DMI + Qol mixture (Table 20). On average, the Qol + Solvent Green 3 treatment provided a 7.1 dt / ha yield increase over the solo-Qol. Similarly, the DMI + Qol + Solvent Green 3 treatment provided a 0.9 dt / ha yield increase over the D I + Qol treatment. Although the effect of the pigment was not always significant, the trend towards greater yields was observed in both trials.

[0458] Soybean

[0459] Application timing and methods varied across the three soybean trials displayed in Table 20. In Nebraska and Tennessee, treatments were applied once as pods were beginning to form (R3) in a water volume of 100 and 150 L / ha, respectively. In Georgia, treatments were applied twice, each in a water volume of 200 L / ha. The first applications were made as flowering began (R1) and the second as pods were beginning to form (R3). These application timings represent the primary window for fungicide applications for soybean grown in the United States and provide protection against fungal diseases throughout the plant canopy. No other compounds were applied for disease control in these trials and plots were harvested at maturity to compare yields. Yield benefits were observed in each of the three soybean trials and for both the solo-Qol and DMI + SDHI mixture (Table 20). On average, the Qol + Solvent Green 3 treatment provided a 3.9 dt / ha yield increase over the Qol-alone. Similarly, the DMI + SDHI + Solvent Green 3 treatment provided a 2.3 dt / ha yield increase over the DMI + SDHI treatment. Although the effect of the pigment was not always significant, the trend towards greater yields was observed in all three trials.

[0460] The positive yield effect observed in treatments with Solvent Green 3 over the fungicides alone confirm the hypothesis that by specific absorption of certain wave lengths of sunlight, an improved yield is possible for corn and soybean grown under practical conditions.

[0461] Table 20: Corn and soybean yields (dt / ha) after treatment with fungicide and green pigment

[0462] ‘Corn yields observed after two applications at V10 / V11 and VT; and soybean yields observed after a single application at R3 or after two applications at R1 and R3.

[0463] **Significant yield effect of pigment (Duncan’s New MRT, p = 0.05)

[0464] Example 8: Field trials to study yield effects if added to various fungicide modes of action.

[0465] Field trials were conducted in 2024 on corn and soybean grown under practical field conditions at different locations across the United States. Treatments within trials were arranged using a randomized complete block design with four replicates each. This summary contains data from three corn and four soybean trials.

[0466] Corn and soybean were seeded and grown under standard conditions with an adequate supply of nutrients. The objective of the trials was to evaluate whether a green or blue pigment, mixed with fungicides, provides yield effects beyond applying the fungicide alone. To test this, Oracet Green 810, in the form of an experimental EW formulation, Acid Green 25, in the form of an experimental SL formulation, and Patent Blue V, in the form of an experimental SL formulation were paired with representative commercial products for both corn and soybean. Commercial products differed by crop with a mefentrifluconazole and pyraclostrobin co-formulation chosen for corn and a mefentrifluconazole and fluxapyroxad co-formulation chosen for soybean. Formulation details of the tested compounds are shown in Table 21.

[0467] Table 21 : Tested formulations and application rates

[0468] Corn

[0469] Application timing and methods varied across the three corn trials displayed in Table 22. In Illinois, treatments were applied once at silking (R1) in a water volume of 150 L / ha, while in Missouri, treatments were applied once at tasseling (VT) in a water volume of 100 L / ha. In Georgia, treatments were applied in a water volume of 200 L / ha at two growth stages, the first applications were made during the late vegetative stage (V8 / V10) and the second was made at tasseling (VT). These application timings represent the primary fungicide application window for field corn grown in the United States and provide protection against fungal diseases in the middle and upper canopy, including the ear leaf. No other compounds were applied for disease control and while disease was assessed after application of treatments it was not the central focus of these trials. Plots were harvested at maturity to compare yields, and no lodging was observed in these trials.

[0470] Improved yield benefits were observed in each of the three corn trials (Table 22). On average, the Fungicide + Pigment 1 , Fungicide + Pigment 2, and Fungicide + Pigment 3 treatments provided a 2.0, 0.8, and 2.4 dt / ha yield improvement over the Fungicide-only treatments, respectively. Although the effect of these pigments was not significant, the trend towards greater yields was observed in all three trials.

[0471] *Corn yields observed after a single application at VT / R1 or after two applications at V8 / V10 and VT.

[0472] **Difference between Fungicide + Pigment treatments and Fungicide only treatments. Number implies the effect of added pigments on yield.

[0473] Soybean

[0474] Application timing and methods varied across the four soybean trials displayed in Table 23. In North Carolina and Tennessee, treatments were applied once as pods were beginning to form (R3) in an approximate water volume of 200 and 150 L / ha, respectively. In Georgia, treatments were applied twice, each in an approximate water volume of 200 L / ha. The first applications were made as flower began (R1) and the second applications were made as pods were forming (R3 / R4). These application timings represent the primary fungicide application window for soybean grown in the United States and provide protection against fungal diseases throughout the plant canopy. No other compounds were applied for disease control and while disease was assessed after application of treatments it was not the central focus of these trials. Plots were harvested at maturity to compare yields.

[0475] Improved yield benefits were observed in each of the four soybean trials and for all Fungicide + Pigment treatments (Table 23). On average, the Fungicide + Pigment 1 , Fungicide + Pigment 2, and Fungicide + Pigment 3 treatments provided a 4.1, 5.0, and 3.1 dt / ha yield improvement over the Fungicide-only treatments, respectively. Although the effect of these pigments was not always significant, the trend towards greater yields was observed in all four trials.

[0476] Table 23: Soybean yields (dt / ha) after treatment with fungicide and green pigment*

[0477] ‘Soybean yields observed after a single application at R3 or after two applications at R1 and R3 / R4.

[0478] “Difference between Fungicide + Pigment treatments and Fungicide only treatments. Number implies the effect of added pigments on yield.

[0479] ‘“Significant yield effect of pigment (Duncan’s New MRT, p = 0.05)

[0480] Conclusion

[0481] The positive yield effect observed in fungicide treatments with Oracet Green 810, Acid Green 25, and Patent Blue V over the fungicides alone confirm the hypothesis that by specific absorption of certain wave lengths of sunlight, an improved yield is possible for corn and soybean grown under practical conditions.

[0482] Example 9: Field trials to study turfqrass quality effects when added to fungicides

[0483] A trial series was conducted in 2023 on creeping bentgrass turfgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) maintained at mowing heights standard for golf course putting greens (0.3 - 0.5 cm). Four trial sites were placed throughout the eastern half of the United States, with each trial established as a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Turfgrass stands were maintained in accordance with standard local management practices, including mowing regimes, pest and pathogen control, nutrient management, and irrigation.

[0484] The target of these trials was to determine whether a green pigment (“Solvent Green”, Oracet Green 810) applied with a fungicide provides additional benefits to turfgrass quality that surpass the disease control effect of the fungicide applied alone. The representative fungicide selected for these trials was a pre-mix product containing an SDHI and a QOI (fluxapyroxad 167 g / l + py- raclostrobin 333 g / l, respectively). The pyraclostrobin in this fungicide mixture is known to have plant health benefits, including enhanced photosynthesis and increased stress tolerance. Thus, increases in plant health observed in combination with the green pigment indicate the presence of additional plant health benefits bestowed by the pigment. “Solvent Green” Oracet Green 810 was used in the form of an experimental EC formulation containing 100 g / l of pigment. All details of the tested compounds are shown in Table 24:

[0485] Table 24: Tested formulations and active ingredients per hectare The test products were applied at 21-day intervals across the summer season, resulting in 3-5 applications at each location. All treatments were applied in a water volume of 600 - 825 l / ha. The months of May - August, during which treatments were applied, are when disease pressure is highest for cool-season turfgrasses and is also when turfgrass stress due to heat and solar irradiation is most pronounced.

[0486] Table 25. Treatment application number for each turfgrass trial location

[0487] Along with turfgrass guality, trials evaluated treatment efficacy on dollar spot (Clarireedia spp.) and brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani), two of the most prevalent diseases of cool-season turfgrasses in the United States. As demonstrated below, the addition of pigment did not impact fungicide efficacy, indicating that pigment-associated improvements in turfgrass quality were unrelated to disease control. Table 26. Turfgrass disease Area Under the Disease Progress Curve1(AUDPC) by treatment

[0488] 1AUDPC calculated using the following formula in which y = disease rating and t =time:

[0489] 2RHIZSO - Rhizoctonia solanr, Brown patch

[0490] 3CLAEJA - Clarireedia jacksonii; Dollar spot

[0491] At each location, turfgrass quality was rated bi-weekly using a visual 1-9 scale standardized by the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP), with 9 indicating the best quality and 1 the poorest. A rating of 6 or higher on this scale indicates acceptable turfgrass quality. As shown below, the addition of pigment to the fungicide, resulted in an overall trend toward increased turfgrass quality. At least one rate of the pigment increased plant health in over the fungicide alone treatment in all locations, with a mean increase in AUTQC of 3.0 across the four locations. These benefits in turfgrass quality are in addition to the plant health benefits delivered by the pyraclostrobin in the solo fungicide treatment.

[0492] Table 27. Area Under the Turfgrass Quality Curve (AUTQC)4ratings across trial sites for fungicide and pigment treatments

[0493] 4AUTQC is calculated using the same formula as AUDPC with the exception that turfgrass quality ratings are used in place of disease rating

[0494] 5Means followed by the same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.05, Duncan’s New MRT) Quantitative measurements of turfgrass color or chlorophyll content were taken in two of the four locations. In South Carolina, NDVI measurements were collected at four time points across the trial. Both treatments with pigment and fungicide received higher NDVI ratings than treatments with the fungicide alone at all time points. Turfgrass chlorophyll content measurements were collected at five time-points across the season in Wisconsin. Plots receiving fungicide with pigment treatments were had consistently higher chlorophyll content than plots receiving fungicide treatment alone.

[0495] The data for both quantitative assessments of turfgrass color and chlorophyll content are below. Table 28. NDVI measurements for fungicide and pigment treatments in South Caro ina

[0496] Table 29. Chlorophyll content measurements for fungicide pigment treatments in Wisconsin

[0497] Overall, data for turfgrass quality, NDVI, and chlorophyll content support a positive of effect of green pigment applied with the fungicide. This benefit is in addition to the plant health benefits provided by the pyraclostrobin in the fungicide product tested and was not dose dependent at the 200 and 300 g / ha rates evaluated in these studies. Across the four trials, there was an average increased in AUTQC of 3.0 for fungicide with pigments compared to fungicide treatments alone. In single trials in South Carolina and Wisconsin, NDVI and chlorophyll content across the season were increased by 0.033-0.034 and 16.40 - 18.05 units, respectively.

Claims

Claims1. An agrochemical composition comprising, d) at least one anthracenedione dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, or e) at least one triarylmethane dye comprising one or more sulfonic acid groups and having an absorption peak with a maximum between 550 nm and 680 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 460 nm and an upper quarter value not above 710 nm, or f) at least one anthracenedione dye of a) and at least one triarylmethane dye of b).

2. An agrochemical composition according to claim 1 comprising, d) at least one anthracenedione dye having an absorption peak with a maximum between 600 nm and 660 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 510 nm and an upper quarter value not above 710 nm and has a lower half value between 550 and 610 and an upper half value between 630 and 690, or e) at least one triarylmethane dye comprising one or more sulfonic acid groups and having an absorption peak with a maximum between 600 nm and 660 nm and a lower quarter value not less than 510 nm and an upper quarter value not above 710 nm and has a lower half value between 550 and 610 and an upper half value between 630 and 690, or f) at least one anthracenedione dye of a) and at least one triaryl methane dye of b).

3. An agrochemical composition according to claim 1 or 2, comprising further at least one nonhalogenated or halogenated copper phthalocyanine dye or pigment or a macrocyclic tetrapyrrole compound dye or pigment or at least one nonhalogenated or halogenated copper phthalocyanine dye or pigment and at least one macrocyclic tetrapyrrole compound dye or pigment.

4. An agrochemical composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one anthracenedione dye is selected from Solvent Green 3 (CAS 128-80-3) 1 ,4-bis[(4- methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione, Quinizarin Blue (CAS 81-48-1) 1-hydroxy-4- [(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione, Alizarin Cyanine Green G (CAS 3443-90- 1) 2,2'-[(9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-1 ,4-anthracenediyl)diimino]bis[5-methyl-benzenesulfonic acid, Solvent Blue 35 (CAS 17354-14-2) 1 ,4-bis(butylamino)-9,10-anthracenedione, Solvent Blue 90 (CAS 81-48-1) 1-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-Anthracenedione, Solvent Blue 36 (CAS 14233-37-5) 1 ,4-bis[(1-methylethyl)amino]-9,10-anthracenedione and Solvent Blue 78 (CAS 2475-44-7) 1,4-Bis(methylamino)-9,10-anthracenedione, and Solvent Blue 63 (CAS 6408-50-0) 1-(Methylamino)-4-[(3-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-an- thracenedione.

5. An agrochemical composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least one triarylmethane dye is selected from Patent Blue V (CAS 25305-77-5) Ethanaminium, N-[4- [[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](5-hydroxy-2,4-disulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1- ylidene]-N-ethyl-, inner salt, or as Ca salt (CAS 3536-49-0) or as Na salt (CAS 20262-76- 4), Acid Blue 1 (CAS 116-95-0) Ethanaminium, N-[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](2,4-disulfophenyl)methylene]-2, 5-cyclohexadien- 1 -ylidene]- N-ethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt or as Na salt (CAS 129-17-9), Acid Green 3 (CAS 6638-02-4) enzenemethanaminium, N- ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl]phenylmethylene]-2,5-cyclohexa- dien-1-ylidene]-3-sulfo-, inner salt, or as Na-salt (CAS 4680-78-8), Acid Green 9 (CAS 25305-97-9) Benzenemethanaminium, N-[4-[(2-chlorophenyl)[4-[ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)me- thyl]amino]phenyl]methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-3-sulfo-, inner salt, as Ammonium salt (CAS CAS 2650-18-2) or as Na-salt (CAS 4857-81-2), Acid Blue 9 (CAS 25305-78-6) Benzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)me- thyl]amino]phenyl](2-sulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3-sulfo-, inner salt, or as Na-salt (CAS 3844-45-9), Puricolor Green U3 (CAS 2353-45-9) Benzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl](4-hydroxy-2-sul- fophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3-sulfo-, inner salt, sodium salt or as inner salt (CAS 25738-40-3) and Acid Blue 7 (CAS 21563-97-3) Benzenemethanaminium, N-[4-[(2,4-disulfophenyl)[4-[ethyl(phenylmethyl)amino]phenyl]methylene]-2,5-cyclohexa- dien-1-ylidene]-N-ethyl-, inner salt, or as Na salt (CAS 3486-30-4), or as Ca salt (CAS 3374-30-9).

6. An agrochemical composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein at least one anthracenedione dye is selected from Solvent Green 3 or Alizarin Cyanine Green G.

7. An agrochemical composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein at least one triarylmethane dye is selected from Patent Blue V, Acid Blue 9 or Puricolor Green U3.

8. An agrochemical composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising further at least one fungicide.

9. An agrochemical composition according to claim 8, wherein at least one fungicide is selected from paclubutrazole, uniconazole, isoflucypram, pydiflumetofen, fluopyram, prothio- conazole, tebuconazole, mefentrifluconazole, fluxapyroxad, metyltetraprole, metconazole, prothioconazole, propiconazole, inpyrfluxam, benzovindiflupyr, pydiflumetofen, pyra- clostrobin, kresoxim-methy, fenpicoxamid and sulfur.

10. An agrochemical composition according to claim 8 or 9, wherein at least one fungicide is selected from mefentrifluconazole, fluxapyroxad, pyraclostrobin, metyltetraprole, metconazole, prothioconazole and sulfur.

11. A method for combating phytopathogenic fungi on plants, comprising treating the fungi or the plants to be protected against fungal attack, with an effective amount of an agrochemical composition as defined in any one of claims 7 to 10.

12. A method for improving crop yield or improving the tolerance against biotic or abiotic stress of plants, comprising treating the plans with an effective amount of an agrochemical composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 10.

13. A method for combating phytopathogenic fungi on plants according to claim 11 or a method for improving yield or improving the tolerance against biotic or abiotic stress of plants according to claim 12, wherein the agrochemical composition is used as a foliar application and wherein, a) if the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, the agrochemical composition is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 69, preferably at a growth stage of 39 to 59 and more preferred at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 51 , or b) if the plants are selected from common wheat, durum wheat, barley, or rye, and the at least one pigment or dye is applied once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 69, preferably once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 39 to 59, more preferred once at a growth stage of BBCH 30 to 33 and once at a growth stage of BBCH 47or 51, and most preferred once at the growth stage of BBCH 31 to 32 and once at the growth stage of BBCH 47 or 51, or c) if the plants are soybean plants, the agrochemical composition is applied at least once at a growth stage of R2 to R6, preferably at a growth stage of R3 to R5 and most preferred at the growth stage of R4 or d) if the plants are corn plants, the agrochemical composition is applied one or more times at a growth stage of V8 to R1 , preferably at a growth stage of V10 to VT.

14. A kit of at least two parts, comprising d) an agrochemical composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 and e) an agrochemical composition comprising a fungicide and f) a manual which describes how to combine the agrochemical composition of a) with the agrochemical composition of b) to use the resulting composition in a method as described in any one of claims 1 to 17 or in a method as claimed in claims 32 or 33.

15. A use of a composition as defined in any of the claims 20 to 31 in a method as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 13.

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