Flexible ultrathin vapor chamber
The flexible ultrathin vapor chamber addresses performance and flexibility issues by combining electrowetting and capillary grooves for efficient liquid return, achieving adaptive thermal management in compact and flexible electronic devices.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-21
AI Technical Summary
Conventional vapor chambers suffer from performance limitations at high heat fluxes due to dry-out or capillary limits of the wick structures, particularly in ultrathin form factors, and lack flexibility and precise liquid distribution, making them unsuitable for flexible and foldable electronic devices.
A flexible ultrathin vapor chamber design incorporating electrowetting linear arrays and capillary grooves, enabling active droplet motion and passive capillary flow to enhance liquid return, with adaptive thermal management through temperature and capillary flow sensors.
The hybrid mechanism improves thermal performance by overcoming capillary limitations, ensuring consistent heat dissipation across varying orientations and device geometries, reducing thickness while maintaining or enhancing heat dissipation capabilities.
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Figure CN2024111112_21052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
FLEXIBLE ULTRATHIN VAPOR CHAMBERTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to heat dissipation devices, and more particularly to a flexible ultrathin vapor chamber for heat-generating components of portable electronic devices such as electronic chips.BACKGROUND
[0002] Vapor chambers are heat spreading devices used for thermal dissipation in consumer electronics and other heat generating devices. Typically, a vapor chamber is a planar hermetically sealed chamber filled with a phase change fluid, such as water, under sub-atmospheric pressure. The inner surfaces of the vapor chamber are lined with a capillary wick. When mounted on a heat dissipating element, such as a chip, the vapor chamber receives heat through a small area on one surface, called the evaporator. The liquid inside evaporates, removing heat, and the vapor spreads through the interior volume. Cooling performed on the opposite surface, called the condenser, condenses the vapor back to liquid, which returns to the heated region via capillary action of the wick.
[0003] At high and localized heat flux, the heat dissipation capability of vapor chambers is limited by dry-out or capillary limit of the wick. Due to space constraints in consumer electronics, there is a trend towards making ultrathin vapor chambers, which can result in reduced performance. Several different classes and geometries of wicks have been tested to enhance the capillary return of liquid from the condenser to evaporator, including wire mesh, sintered powder, and porous foam. However, the low thermal conductivity of the liquid saturated wick and limited capillary rise remain performance limitations for current vapor chambers.
[0004] Electrowetting is a phenomenon of altering the contact angle of a liquid droplet using electrical actuation via electrodes deposited on a substrate. This technique is typically used in microfluidic devices to provide droplet motion under a travelling electrical field created using an array of electrodes on a surface. Electrowetting has also been explored as a mechanism to supply liquid from the condenser end to the evaporator end in heat pipes in the form of droplet motion. Electrowetting can also be used in camera development, in particular for liquid lenses with adjustable focal length.
[0005] As consumer electronics continue to become more powerful and compact, there is an ongoing need for improved thermal management solutions that can effectively dissipate heat in confined spaces. Developing heat spreading devices that overcome current limitations while adapting to the evolving form factors of electronic devices remains an active area of research and development in the field of thermal management.
[0006] There are several challenges and technical problems that persist in the prior art related to vapor chambers for heat dissipation in electronic devices. Conventional vapor chamber designs often suffer from performance limitations at high heat fluxes due to dry-out or capillary limits of the wick structures. As devices become more compact, the trend towards ultrathin vapor chambers exacerbates these issues, potentially resulting in reduced thermal performance. The low thermal conductivity of liquid-saturated wicks and limited capillary rise in traditional wick materials further constrain heat dissipation capabilities. Additionally, existing vapor chamber designs lack flexibility, making them unsuitable for emerging flexible and foldable electronic devices. The reliance solely on passive capillary action for liquid return from the condenser to the evaporator can be insufficient in some operating conditions, particularly in ultrathin form factors. Furthermore, current designs often lack precise control over liquid distribution within the vapor chamber, leading to potential hotspots and thermal non-uniformities. These unresolved issues underscore the need for innovative vapor chamber designs that can overcome these limitations while adapting to the evolving form factors and thermal management requirements of modern electronic devices.SUMMARY
[0007] The present disclosure relates to heat dissipating devices and methods that address the limitations of conventional vapor chambers, particularly in ultra-thin and flexible applications. The devices and methods described herein aim to eliminate capillary limitations, allow a wickless vapor chamber design, enable precise liquid return, and provide adaptable thermal management solutions for various electronic devices, including those with flexible components.
[0008] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a heat dissipating device is provided. The device includes a vapor chamber with a top surface and a bottom surface, and a gap arranged between the top surface and the bottom surface. The device further includes a condenser arranged on a first side of the vapor chamber, an evaporator arranged on a second side of the vapor chamber, and a plurality of electrowetting linear arrays connecting the condenser and the evaporator. Each linear array comprises a plurality of electrodes connected to an electric power supply in a manner that a voltage difference can be applied across two successive electrodes for creating a continuous droplet motion along the linear array. The device also includes vapor channels arranged between the linear arrays to allow vapor flow from the evaporator to the condenser. At least one linear array is arranged both on the top surface and the bottom surface for creating droplet motion from the condenser to the evaporator. This configuration enables efficient liquid return regardless of device orientation, overcoming limitations of conventional wick structures and improving overall thermal performance.
[0009] The electrowetting linear arrays comprise a stack of an insulating layer, a dielectric layer, and electrodes sandwiched between the insulating layer and the dielectric layer, with the dielectric layer being arranged towards the inside of the vapor chamber and the insulating layer being arranged adjacent to the respective surface of the vapor chamber. This layered structure provides electrical isolation and promotes efficient droplet motion. At least one of the insulating layers and the dielectric layer may be made of a material selected from the group consisting of ceramic, polymer, and a composite of ceramic and polymer, allowing for optimization of electrical and thermal properties.
[0010] The device may further include capillary grooves arranged adjacent to at least one of the electrowetting linear arrays, the capillary grooves spanning from the condenser towards the evaporator at least along a portion of the linear arrays. This hybrid approach combines passive capillary action with active electrowetting, enhancing liquid return efficiency. One or more electrowetting linear arrays may be deposited directly on surfaces of capillary grooves, maximizing space utilization and potentially improving capillary action through increased surface roughness.
[0011] The electrowetting linear arrays may be arranged parallel to each other, providing uniform liquid distribution. Alternatively, in devices where the evaporator is smaller in surface area than the condenser, the electrowetting linear arrays may be arranged to converge from the condenser onto the evaporator either along non-parallel single lines or in a non-linear layout. This convergent arrangement focuses liquid return to the heat source, optimizing thermal management.
[0012] The heat dissipating device may comprise an adiabatic part arranged between the evaporator and the condenser, comprising the electrowetting linear arrays. The adiabatic part may be made of a flexible material, such as but not limited to polymer or PET coated with a barrier layer, enabling the device to be used in flexible electronic applications. The evaporator and the condenser may be thicker than the adiabatic part, with tapered portions joining the adiabatic part to the evaporator and the condenser. This configuration allows for optimized thermal performance in the evaporator and condenser while maintaining flexibility in the adiabatic region.
[0013] At least one of the evaporator and the condenser may comprise a porous lining on its interior surface, enhancing heat transfer in these critical regions. The device may further include at least one temperature sensor arranged at one or more locations of the vapor chamber or a capillary flow sensor for measuring a state of capillary flow along the capillary grooves, and a control unit configured to control the electric power supply based on sensor signals. This feature enables adaptive thermal management based on real-time conditions. At least one of the evaporator and the condenser may be made of a rigid material with high thermal conductivity, such as a metal or metal alloy, improving heat transfer at these interfaces.
[0014] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a control method for a heat dissipating device is provided. The method includes providing a heat dissipating device comprising a vapor chamber with a condenser, an evaporator, and a plurality of electrowetting linear arrays connecting the condenser and the evaporator. The method further includes measuring a control parameter using at least one sensor, and activating at least some electrodes of the linear arrays based on the measured control parameter to create a continuous droplet motion from the condenser to the evaporator. This method enables dynamic and efficient thermal management based on real-time conditions.
[0015] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, the control method may include various features. The heat dissipating device may further comprise capillary grooves, and the at least one sensor may comprise at least one temperature sensor. At least some electrodes of the linear arrays may be activated once a temperature measured by the at least one temperature sensor exceeds a preset temperature threshold. This allows for energy-efficient operation by activating electrowetting only when necessary. The at least one temperature sensor may be used to determine an average temperature within the vapor chamber, with electrode activation occurring when the average temperature exceeds a preset threshold. Alternatively, a plurality of temperature sensors may be used to measure local temperatures, allowing for selective activation of electrodes in areas of high temperature to mitigate temperature non-uniformity.
[0016] The control method may also utilize a capillary flow sensor to measure the state of capillary flow along the capillary grooves. Activation of electrodes may be based on the measured state of capillary flow, potentially activating only electrodes beyond a location of capillary dry-out. This approach optimizes the synergy between passive capillary action and active electrowetting.
[0017] According to further aspects of the present disclosure, the heat dissipating device may be used in a portable electronic device, with the evaporator thermally coupled to a heat-generating component such as an electronic chip. This application demonstrates the device's suitability for compact electronic thermal management. Additionally, in devices with a foldable portion, the flexible adiabatic part may be arranged in the foldable portion, showcasing the device's adaptability to emerging flexible electronic designs.
[0018] The flexible ultrathin vapor chamber (UTVC) with hybrid liquid return using electrowetting droplet motion offers several significant technical advantages over conventional vapor chambers. First, the integration of electrowetting-assisted liquid return with capillary grooves substantially improves the efficiency of liquid transport from the condenser to the evaporator. This hybrid mechanism overcomes the capillary limitations of traditional wick structures, enabling the device to operate effectively even in ultrathin configurations and at high heat fluxes. The electrowetting linear arrays provide active control over liquid distribution, allowing for precise and rapid liquid return that can be dynamically adjusted based on thermal demands.
[0019] The design's flexibility, particularly in the adiabatic region, represents a significant advancement in thermal management for flexible and foldable electronic devices. This adaptability allows the UTVC to conform to various device geometries and maintain effective heat dissipation even when bent or folded, addressing a critical need in the evolving landscape of consumer electronics. Furthermore, the ability to operate effectively regardless of orientation, due to the presence of electrowetting arrays on both the top and bottom surfaces, ensures consistent performance across different usage scenarios.
[0020] The convergent layout option for the electrowetting linear arrays offers enhanced thermal management for asymmetric heat sources, focusing liquid return precisely where it is most needed. This feature, combined with the ability to selectively activate electrodes based on real-time temperature or capillary flow measurements, enables highly efficient and localized thermal management. Such precision control can significantly reduce hotspots and improve overall temperature uniformity across the device.
[0021] Additionally, the UTVC's design minimizes the reliance on thick wick structures, potentially reducing the overall thickness of the device while maintaining or even improving heat dissipation capabilities. This characteristic is particularly valuable in the context of increasingly compact electronic devices where every micron of thickness is critical. The combination of these technical effects results in a highly efficient, adaptable, and compact thermal management solution that addresses many of the limitations of conventional vapor chambers, positioning the UTVC as a significant advancement in the field of electronic device cooling.
[0022] These and other aspects will be apparent from the embodiment (s) described below.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] In the following detailed portion of the present disclosure, the aspects, embodiments and implementations will be explained in more detail with reference to the example embodiments shown in the drawings, in which:
[0024] FIG. 1 illustrates a top view of a vapor chamber of a heat dissipating device, in accordance with an example of the embodiments of the disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 2 illustrates a side cross-sectional view of a vapor chamber, in accordance with an example of the embodiments of the disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 3 illustrates a frontal cross-sectional view of a vapor chamber with capillary grooves arranged adjacent to linear arrays, in accordance with an example of the embodiments of the disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 4 illustrates a top view of a vapor chamber of a heat dissipating device with a temperature sensor, in accordance with an example of the embodiments of the disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a heat dissipating device with linear arrays deposited directly on surfaces of capillary grooves, in accordance with an example of the embodiments of the disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 6 illustrates a top view of a vapor chamber of a heat dissipating device with a a capillary flow sensor for measuring a state of capillary flow along the capillary grooves, in accordance with an example of the embodiments of the disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 7 illustrates a top view of a vapor chamber of a heat dissipating device with converging linear arrays, in accordance with an example of the embodiments of the disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 8 illustrates a side cross-sectional view of a heat dissipating device with an adiabatic part arranged between the evaporator and the condenser, in accordance with an example of the embodiments of the disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 9 illustrates a top view of a heat dissipating device with a porous lining arranged on the interior surface of the evaporator and the condenser, in accordance with an example of the embodiments of the disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 10 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a flexible adiabatic part of a heat dissipating device, in accordance with an example of the embodiments of the disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 11 illustrates a side cross-sectional view of a flexible adiabatic part of a heat dissipating device, in accordance with an example of the embodiments of the disclosure.
[0035] FIG. 12 illustrates an isometric view of a heat dissipation device arranged in a portable electronic device, in accordance with an example of the embodiments of the disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0036] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth by way of examples in order to provide a thorough understanding of the relevant disclosure. However, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be practiced without such details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, systems, and / or components have been described at a relatively high-level, without detail, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the present disclosure.
[0037] The present disclosure provides heat dissipating devices that utilize a combination of capillary action and electrowetting to enhance the efficiency of liquid return in vapor chambers. Vapor chambers are commonly used in thermal management solutions for electronic devices, where they serve to spread heat away from heat-generating components. These devices typically operate by evaporating a liquid coolant at a heat source, allowing the vapor to spread throughout the chamber, and then condensing the vapor back into a liquid at a cooler location. The condensed liquid is then returned to the heat source, often via capillary action through a wick structure, to repeat the cycle.
[0038] However, the performance of traditional vapor chambers can be limited by the capillary action of the wick, particularly in high heat flux conditions or in ultra-thin form factors. To address these limitations, the present disclosure introduces the use of electrowetting linear arrays in conjunction with capillary grooves to facilitate the return of liquid from the condenser to the evaporator.
[0039] Electrowetting is a phenomenon that involves the manipulation of the contact angle of a liquid droplet on a solid surface through the application of an electric field. This can be achieved by depositing electrodes on a substrate and applying a voltage difference across them, which creates a traveling electric field that induces droplet motion. By incorporating electrowetting linear arrays into a vapor chamber, the present disclosure provides a mechanism for actively controlling the movement of liquid droplets from the condenser to the evaporator, thereby enhancing the efficiency of liquid return and improving overall thermal performance.
[0040] In addition to the use of electrowetting, the present disclosure also provides for the inclusion of capillary grooves in the vapor chamber design. These grooves serve to facilitate passive capillary flow of the condensed liquid back to the heat source, providing a complementary mechanism to the active electrowetting process. The combination of these two mechanisms in a single device offers a versatile and efficient solution for thermal management in electronic devices.
[0041] Furthermore, the present disclosure provides for the use of flexible materials in the construction of the vapor chamber, enabling the device to conform to various form factors and accommodate flexible and foldable electronic devices. This flexibility, combined with the enhanced liquid return efficiency provided by the electrowetting linear arrays and capillary grooves, positions the devices of the present disclosure as a significant advancement in the field of electronic device cooling.
[0042] Referring to FIG. 1, a top view of a heat dissipating device is illustrated. The device comprises a vapor chamber 1, which includes an evaporator 7 on one side and a condenser 5 on the opposite side. The evaporator 7 and condenser 5 are connected by a plurality of electrowetting linear arrays 8. Each linear array 8 comprises a series of electrodes 9 arranged in a line. The electrodes 9 are connected to an electric power supply 10, which allows a voltage difference to be applied across two successive electrodes 9. This voltage difference creates a continuous droplet motion along the linear array 8 from the condenser 5 towards the evaporator 7, as indicated by the dotted arrow labeled "Droplet motion" .
[0043] In addition to the linear arrays 8, the vapor chamber 1 also includes vapor channels 11. These vapor channels 11 are positioned between the linear arrays 8 and allow for vapor flow from the evaporator 7 to the condenser 5, as indicated by the continuous arrow labeled "Vapor flow" . This arrangement facilitates the efficient transfer of heat from the evaporator 7 to the condenser 5.
[0044] Adjacent to the linear arrays 8 are capillary grooves 14. These capillary grooves 14 span from the condenser 5 towards the evaporator 7, running parallel to the linear arrays 8. The capillary grooves 14 provide a path for liquid flow through capillary action, supplementing the droplet motion facilitated by the electrowetting linear arrays 8.
[0045] The arrangement of components in the vapor chamber 1 as shown in FIG. 1 is an illustrative example of certain embodiments of the disclosure. Other configurations and arrangements of components are also possible within the scope of the disclosure. For example, the number and arrangement of the linear arrays 8, the placement of the vapor channels 11, and the configuration of the capillary grooves 14 can vary depending on the specific requirements of the heat dissipating device.
[0046] Continuing with the description of FIG. 1, the heat dissipating device also includes capillary grooves 14. These grooves are arranged adjacent to the electrowetting linear arrays 8, running parallel to them. In some aspects, the capillary grooves 14 span from the condenser 5 towards the evaporator 7, at least along a portion of the length of the linear arrays 8. This arrangement provides a path for liquid flow through capillary action, supplementing -or in some cases, entirely replacing -the droplet motion facilitated by the electrowetting linear arrays 8.
[0047] The capillary grooves 14 may be arranged in various configurations depending on the specific requirements of the heat dissipating device. For instance, in some cases, the capillary grooves 14 may span the entire length of the linear arrays 8, while in other cases, they may span only a portion of the length. The capillary grooves 14 may also vary in number, size, and shape, depending on factors such as the desired rate of liquid return, the physical dimensions of the vapor chamber 1, and the specific heat dissipation requirements of the device.
[0048] The combination of the electrowetting linear arrays 8 and the capillary grooves 14 provides a hybrid liquid return mechanism that enhances the efficiency of liquid return from the condenser 5 to the evaporator 7. This hybrid mechanism combines the active control of droplet motion provided by the electrowetting linear arrays 8 with the passive capillary flow facilitated by the capillary grooves 14. This combination allows for a more efficient and flexible liquid return mechanism, which can adapt to varying heat dissipation requirements and operating conditions.
[0049] In some aspects, the electrowetting linear arrays 8 are arranged parallel to each other. This parallel arrangement can facilitate a uniform distribution of droplet motion across the width of the vapor chamber 1, enhancing the overall efficiency of liquid return. The parallel arrangement of the linear arrays 8 can also facilitate a more uniform distribution of heat within the vapor chamber 1, contributing to improved thermal performance.
[0050] Referring to FIG. 2, a cross-sectional view of the vapor chamber 1 is shown. The vapor chamber 1 comprises a top surface 2 and a bottom surface 3, with a gap 4 arranged between the top surface 2 and the bottom surface 3. The gap 4 allows for the movement of fluid within the vapor chamber 1 in the form of vapor flow or droplet motion.
[0051] The vapor chamber 1 includes a layered structure on both the top surface 2 and bottom surface 3. This structure consists of an insulating layer 12, electrodes 9, and a dielectric layer 13. The insulating layer 12 is positioned adjacent to the surfaces of the vapor chamber 1, while the dielectric layer 13 faces the interior of the gap 4. The electrodes 9 are sandwiched between the insulating layer 12 and the dielectric layer 13. This layered structure facilitates the electrowetting phenomenon, enabling the manipulation of the contact angle of a liquid droplet on the surface of the electrodes 9 through the application of an electric field.
[0052] The electrodes 9 are part of the electrowetting linear arrays 8, which span from the condenser 5 to the evaporator 7. Each linear array 8 comprises a plurality of electrodes 9 connected to an electric power supply 10. The electric power supply 10 is configured to apply a voltage difference across two successive electrodes 9, creating a continuous droplet motion along the linear array 8 from the condenser 5 to the evaporator 7.
[0053] In the illustrated embodiments, at least one linear array 8 is arranged both on the top surface 2 and the bottom surface 3 of the vapor chamber 1. This arrangement allows for the creation of droplet motion from the condenser 5 to the evaporator 7, irrespective of the orientation of the vapor chamber 1. This feature can be particularly advantageous in applications where the orientation of the device may vary, such as in portable electronic devices.
[0054] In some cases, the insulating layer 12 and the dielectric layer 13 may be made of a material selected from the group consisting of ceramic, polymer, and a composite of ceramic and polymer. The choice of material for the insulating layer 12 and the dielectric layer 13 can be selected based on factors such as the desired electrical properties, thermal properties, and mechanical properties.
[0055] The arrangement of components in the vapor chamber 1 as shown in FIG. 2 is an illustrative example of certain embodiments of the disclosure. Other configurations and arrangements of components are also possible within the scope of the disclosure. For example, the number and arrangement of the linear arrays 8, the placement of the electrodes 9, and the configuration of the insulating layer 12 and dielectric layer 13 can vary depending on the specific requirements of the heat dissipating device.
[0056] In some aspects, the insulating layer 12 may be approximately 0.2 μm thick, the electrodes 9 may be approximately 1 μm thick, and the dielectric layer 13 may be approximately 1 μm thick. These thicknesses are not limiting, and other thicknesses may be used depending on the specific requirements of the heat dissipating device. For example, the thickness of the insulating layer 12, electrodes 9, and dielectric layer 13 may be adjusted to optimize the electrowetting effect, the electrical properties of the device, or other performance characteristics.
[0057] The electrodes 9 may be made of various conductive materials. In some cases, the electrodes 9 may be made of titanium. Titanium is a good conductor of electricity and has excellent corrosion resistance, making it a suitable material for the electrodes 9 in the electrowetting linear arrays 8. However, other conductive materials may also be used for the electrodes 9, such as copper, gold, silver, or various alloys thereof, depending on the specific requirements of the heat dissipating device.
[0058] Referring to FIG. 3, a cross-sectional view of a portion of the heat dissipating device is shown from another orientation. As described before, the device comprises a gap 4 between two stacked layers of linear arrays 8. Both stacked layers consist of a dielectric layer 13 and an insulating layer 12, with electrodes 9 sandwiched in between.
[0059] Adjacent to the linear arrays 8 arranged on the bottom surface 3 of the vapor chamber 1 are vapor channels 11, shown as open spaces to allow vapor flow. On the sides adjacent to the linear arrays 8 are capillary grooves 14, represented by a triangular indentation. This structure shown in FIG. 3 demonstrates the arrangement of components that facilitate both electrowetting-assisted liquid transport via the linear array 8 of electrodes 9, and vapor flow through the vapor channel 11. The capillary groove 14 provides an additional means for liquid transport within the device.
[0060] The capillary groove 14 may be arranged in various configurations depending on the specific requirements of the heat dissipating device. For instance, in some cases, the capillary groove 14 may span the entire length of the linear array 8, while in other cases, they may span only a portion of the length. The capillary groove 14 may also vary in number, size, and shape, depending on factors such as the desired rate of liquid return, the physical dimensions of the vapor chamber 1, and the specific heat dissipation requirements of the device.
[0061] Referring to FIG. 4, the heat dissipating device may further comprise at least one temperature sensor 15 arranged at one or more locations of the vapor chamber 1. The temperature sensor 15 is configured to measure the temperature within the vapor chamber 1. In some aspects, the temperature sensor 15 may be arranged at a location near the evaporator 7, the condenser 5, or any other location within the vapor chamber 1 where temperature measurement is desired. The temperature sensor 15 may be any type of sensor capable of measuring temperature, such as a thermocouple, a resistance temperature detector (RTD) , a thermistor, or any other suitable type of temperature sensor.
[0062] The heat dissipating device also includes a control unit 19. The control unit 19 is configured to receive sensor signals from the temperature sensor 15 and to control the operation of the electrowetting linear arrays 8 based on these sensor signals. In some aspects, the control unit 19 may be configured to activate or deactivate the electrodes 9 of the linear arrays 8 based on the measured temperature. For example, if the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 15 exceeds a certain threshold, the control unit 19 may activate the electrodes 9 to create a continuous droplet motion from the condenser 5 to the evaporator 7. Conversely, if the temperature falls below the threshold, the control unit 19 may deactivate the electrodes 9, thereby stopping the droplet motion.
[0063] The control unit 19 is connected to an electric power supply 10, which provides the necessary power for the operation of the electrodes 9. The electric power supply 10 may be a direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) power supply, depending on the specific requirements of the heat dissipating device. The electric power supply 10 is configured to apply a voltage difference across two successive electrodes 9, thereby creating a traveling electric field that induces droplet motion along the linear array 8.
[0064] In some aspects, the control unit 19 may be configured to control the electric power supply 10 in a manner that varies the voltage difference applied across the electrodes 9. This can allow for the speed and direction of the droplet motion to be actively controlled, providing a highly customizable and efficient mechanism for liquid return in the vapor chamber 1.
[0065] The arrangement of the temperature sensor 15, control unit 19, and electric power supply 10 as shown in FIG. 4 is an illustrative example of certain embodiments of the disclosure. Other configurations and arrangements of these components are also possible within the scope of the disclosure. For example, the device may include multiple temperature sensors 15 arranged at different locations within the vapor chamber 1, multiple control units 19 for controlling different sets of linear arrays 8, or multiple electric power supplies 10 for providing power to different sets of electrodes 9.
[0066] Continuing with the description of FIG. 4, the heat dissipating device further includes a control strategy for activating the electrodes 9 in the linear arrays 8 based on temperature measurements. In some aspects, at least some electrodes 9 of the linear arrays 8 are activated once a temperature measured by the at least one temperature sensor 15 exceeds a preset temperature threshold. This temperature threshold may be set based on the specific heat dissipation requirements of the device, and may be adjustable to accommodate varying operating conditions or performance requirements.
[0067] In some cases, the at least one temperature sensor 15 is used to determine an average temperature within the vapor chamber 1. This average temperature may be calculated based on temperature measurements taken at multiple locations within the vapor chamber 1, or may be based on a single temperature measurement taken at a representative location. In some aspects, at least some electrodes 9 of the linear arrays 8 are activated once the determined average temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold. This temperature-based control strategy allows for the active management of heat dissipation within the vapor chamber 1, enhancing the overall thermal performance of the device.
[0068] In some embodiments, the heat dissipating device comprises a plurality of temperature sensors 15 arranged at multiple locations of the vapor chamber 1 to measure local temperatures. These temperature sensors 15 may be arranged at various locations within the vapor chamber 1, such as near the evaporator 7, near the condenser 5, or at other locations where temperature measurement is desired.
[0069] In some aspects, the control unit 19 is configured to activate only selected electrodes 9 of the linear arrays 8 based on the measured local temperatures. Specifically, the control unit 19 may activate electrodes 9 located in areas where the measured local temperatures exceed a preset temperature threshold. This selective activation of electrodes 9 allows for targeted droplet motion to areas of the vapor chamber 1 experiencing higher temperatures, thereby mitigating temperature non-uniformity within the vapor chamber 1. This feature can be particularly advantageous in applications where the heat dissipation requirements vary across different regions of the device, such as in electronic devices with multiple heat-generating components.
[0070] Referring to FIG. 5, a cross-sectional view of a portion of the heat dissipating device is shown demonstrating another arrangement of components that facilitate both electrowetting-assisted liquid transport via the linear arrays 8 of electrodes 9, and vapor flow through the vapor channel 11. Herein, on the top surface 2, the linear arrays 8 consist of a dielectric layer 13 and an insulating layer 12, with electrodes 9 sandwiched in between, while on the bottom surface 3 of the vapor chamber 1, the electrowetting linear arrays 8 are deposited directly on surfaces of capillary grooves 14, represented by triangular indentations.
[0071] This arrangement allows for a greater number of capillary grooves 14 as well as linear arrays 8 in the same footprint, thereby increasing liquid supply rate to the evaporator 7, and through the increased liquid flow rate improves overall heat transfer performance of the vapor chamber 1. The deposition of electrodes 9 along with dielectric layer 13 and insulation layer 12 also increases surface roughness of the capillary grooves 14, which further promotes capillary flow, even when some or all of the electrodes 9 are deactivated.
[0072] In some cases, the electrowetting linear arrays 8 deposited directly on the surface of the capillary grooves 14 may be arranged either only on one surface of the vapor chamber 1, or on both surfaces of the vapor chamber 1. This flexibility in the arrangement of the electrowetting linear arrays 8 provides additional design options for optimizing the performance of the heat dissipating device.
[0073] Referring to FIG. 6, the heat dissipating device may further comprise a capillary flow sensor 16 for measuring a state of capillary flow along the capillary grooves 14. The capillary flow sensor 16 may be any type of sensor capable of detecting the presence or absence of liquid flow in the capillary grooves 14. In some cases, the capillary flow sensor 16 may be a humidity sensor, a temperature sensor, or any other suitable type of sensor. The capillary flow sensor 16 may be arranged at various locations along the capillary grooves 14, depending on the specific requirements of the heat dissipating device.
[0074] The heat dissipating device in the illustrated embodiment also includes a control unit 19, similarly to the embodiment depicted in FIG. 4. The control unit 19 is configured to receive sensor signals from the capillary flow sensor 16 and to control the operation of the electrowetting linear arrays 8 based on these sensor signals. In some aspects, the control unit 19 may be configured to activate or deactivate the electrodes 9 of the linear arrays 8 based on the measured state of capillary flow. For example, if the capillary flow sensor 16 detects that capillary flow along the capillary grooves 14 has ceased or become insufficient, the control unit 19 may activate the electrodes 9 to create a continuous droplet motion from the condenser 5 to the evaporator 7. Conversely, if the capillary flow sensor 16 detects that capillary flow along the capillary grooves 14 is sufficient, the control unit 19 may deactivate the electrodes 9, thereby stopping the droplet motion.
[0075] In some embodiments, the control unit 19 is configured to activate only selected electrodes 9 of the linear arrays 8 based on the measured state of capillary flow. Specifically, the control unit 19 may activate electrodes 9 located beyond a location of capillary die-out determined from the measured state of capillary flow. This selective activation of electrodes 9 allows for targeted droplet motion to areas of the vapor chamber 1 where capillary flow has ceased or become insufficient, thereby enhancing the efficiency of liquid return in the vapor chamber 1. This feature can be particularly advantageous in applications where the heat dissipation requirements vary across different regions of the device, such as in electronic devices with multiple heat-generating components.
[0076] The arrangement of the capillary flow sensor 16, control unit 19, and electric power supply 10 as shown in FIG. 6 is an illustrative example of certain embodiments of the disclosure. Other configurations and arrangements of these components are also possible within the scope of the disclosure. For example, the device may include multiple capillary flow sensors 16 arranged at different locations along the capillary grooves 14, multiple control units 19 for controlling different sets of linear arrays 8, or multiple electric power supplies 10 for providing power to different sets of electrodes 9.
[0077] Referring to FIG. 7, a top view of a heat dissipating device is illustrated, showing a vapor chamber 1 with a converging layout of linear arrays 8. The vapor chamber 1 includes an evaporator 7 on one side and a condenser 5 on the opposite side, connected by an adiabatic part 6. Multiple linear arrays 8 are arranged in a converging pattern from the condenser 5 towards the evaporator 7. Each linear array 8 consists of a series of electrodes 9 for creating droplet motion from the condenser 5 to the evaporator 7.
[0078] In some aspects, the evaporator 7 is smaller in surface area than the condenser 5. This arrangement allows the condensed liquid to be directed precisely towards the evaporator 7, optimizing the usage of returned liquid. The converging layout of the linear arrays 8 also creates diverging vapor channels 11 from the evaporator 7 to the condenser 5. This diverging pattern of vapor channels 11 reduces the vapor viscous pressure drop, and consequently the associated temperature drop, improving the overall thermal performance of the vapor chamber 1.
[0079] In some cases, the electrowetting linear arrays 8 are arranged to converge from the condenser 5 onto the evaporator 7 along non-parallel single lines connecting the condenser 5 to the evaporator 7. In other cases, the electrowetting linear arrays 8 are arranged in a non-linear layout connecting the condenser 5 to the evaporator 7. These variations in the arrangement of the linear arrays 8 provide additional design options for optimizing the performance of the heat dissipating device.
[0080] The arrangement of components in the vapor chamber 1 as shown in FIG. 7 is an illustrative example of certain embodiments of the disclosure. Other configurations and arrangements of components are also possible within the scope of the disclosure. For example, the number and arrangement of the linear arrays 8, the placement of the vapor channels 11, and the configuration of the capillary grooves 14 can vary depending on the specific requirements of the heat dissipating device.
[0081] Referring to FIG. 8, a section view of a heat dissipating device is illustrated. The device comprises a vapor chamber 1 with a top surface 2 and a bottom surface 3. The vapor chamber 1 includes an adiabatic part 6 arranged between an evaporator 7 and a condenser 5. The adiabatic part 6 comprises electrowetting linear arrays 8, which are used to facilitate the return of liquid from the condenser 5 to the evaporator 7.
[0082] In some aspects, the adiabatic part 6 is made of a flexible material, such as but not limited to polymer or PET coated with a barrier layer. This allows the vapor chamber 1 to conform to various form factors, making it suitable for use in a wide range of applications, including flexible and foldable electronic devices. The flexibility of the adiabatic part 6 also allows the vapor chamber 1 to accommodate changes in the shape or size of the device, such as those that may occur due to thermal expansion or contraction.
[0083] The evaporator 7 and the condenser 5 of the vapor chamber 1 of the illustrated embodiment are thicker than the adiabatic part 6. This difference in thickness can enhance the performance of the vapor chamber 1 by reducing the flow resistance associated with the liquid and vapor flow. The thicker evaporator 7 and condenser 5 can also provide a larger surface area for heat transfer, thereby improving the overall thermal efficiency of the vapor chamber 1.
[0084] The vapor chamber 1 may further comprise tapered portions 17 that join the adiabatic part 6 to the evaporator 7 and the condenser 5. These tapered portions 17 provide a smooth transition between the thinner adiabatic part 6 and the thicker evaporator 7 and condenser 5. This can help to minimize any discontinuities or abrupt changes in the flow path of the liquid and vapor within the vapor chamber 1, thereby enhancing the efficiency of heat transfer.
[0085] In some cases, at least one of the evaporator 7 and the condenser 5 is made of a rigid material with high thermal conductivity, such as a metal or metal alloy. This can further enhance the thermal performance of the vapor chamber 1 by reducing the thermal resistance between the evaporator 7 and the condenser 5. The use of a high thermal conductivity material can also improve the durability and structural integrity of the vapor chamber 1, making it more resistant to mechanical stresses and thermal cycling.
[0086] In some aspects, the heat dissipating device may include a porous lining 18 arranged on the interior surfaces of the evaporator 7 and the condenser 5. This porous lining 18 can serve multiple functions within the vapor chamber 1. It may enhance the surface area for heat transfer, promoting more efficient evaporation in the evaporator 7 and condensation in the condenser 5. The porous structure may also facilitate liquid distribution and retention, helping to prevent dry-out conditions in the evaporator 7. In some cases, the porous lining 18 may extend into the tapered portions 17, providing a continuous wicking structure that aids in liquid return from the condenser 5 to the evaporator 7. The thickness and porosity of the lining 18 may be optimized to balance capillary pressure, permeability, and thermal conductivity, further enhancing the overall performance of the heat dissipating device.
[0087] Referring to FIG. 9, a sectional view of a heat dissipating device is illustrated. The device comprises an evaporator 7 on one end, an adiabatic part 6 in the middle, and a condenser 5 on the opposite end. The evaporator 7 and condenser 5 are lined with a porous lining 18 on their interior surfaces as described before in relation to FIG. 8.
[0088] The porous lining 18 may be made of various materials, such as but not limited to wire mesh, sintered powder coating, and metal foam, depending on the specific requirements of the heat dissipating device. The porous lining 18 may serve to distribute the condensed liquid evenly across the interior surfaces of the evaporator 7 and condenser 5. This can enhance the efficiency of evaporation and condensation processes within the vapor chamber 1, thereby improving the overall thermal performance of the heat dissipating device.
[0089] In some aspects, the porous lining 18 may be formed by a variety of methods, such as sintering, foaming, or other suitable manufacturing processes. The specific structure and porosity of the porous lining 18 may be optimized based on the desired heat transfer performance, the physical properties of the working fluid, and other relevant factors.
[0090] The adiabatic part 6 may contain multiple linear arrays 8 extending from the evaporator 7 to the condenser 5. Each linear array 8 consists of a series of electrodes 9. Between the linear arrays 8 is a vapor channel 11 that allows vapor flow from the evaporator 7 to the condenser 5, as indicated by the "Vapor flow" continuous arrows.
[0091] Capillary grooves 14 can be arranged either adjacent to the linear arrays 8, running parallel to them, or as illustrated in FIG. 5, the electrowetting linear arrays 8 can be deposited directly on surfaces of the capillary grooves 14. These capillary grooves 14 can further facilitate liquid return from the condenser 5 to the evaporator 7 through capillary action, as indicated by the "Droplet motion" dotted arrows. However, in some embodiments the vapor chamber 1 may rely solely on the linear arrays 8 for facilitating the liquid return from the condenser 5 to the evaporator 7.
[0092] Referring to FIG. 10, a cross-sectional view of a portion of the flexible adiabatic part 6 of the heat dissipating device is shown. The adiabatic part 6 comprises a gap 4 between two top surface 2 and the bottom surface 3. Multiple linear arrays 8 are arranged within the adiabatic part 6. Each linear array 8 includes electrodes 9 positioned between a dielectric layer 13 and an insulating layer 12.
[0093] As described before in relation to other illustrated embodiments, the insulating layer 12 and the dielectric layer 13 may be made of various materials, such as ceramic, polymer, or a composite of ceramic and polymer. The choice of material for these layers can be selected based on factors such as the desired electrical properties, thermal properties, and mechanical properties. In some cases, the insulating layer 12 may be approximately 0.2 μm thick, the electrodes 9 may be approximately 1 μm thick, and the dielectric layer 13 may be approximately 1 μm thick. These thicknesses are not limiting, and other thicknesses may be used depending on the specific requirements of the heat dissipating device. For example, the thickness of the insulating layer 12, electrodes 9, and dielectric layer 13 may be adjusted to optimize the electrowetting effect, the electrical properties of the device, or other performance characteristics.
[0094] As also described before in relation to other illustrated embodiments, the electrodes 9 may be made of various conductive materials. In some cases, the electrodes 9 may be made of titanium. Titanium is a good conductor of electricity and has excellent corrosion resistance, making it a suitable material for the electrodes 9 in the electrowetting linear arrays 8. However, other conductive materials may also be used for the electrodes 9, such as copper, gold, silver, or various alloys thereof, depending on the specific requirements of the heat dissipating device.
[0095] The arrangement of the linear arrays 8 including the electrodes 9, insulating layer 12, and dielectric layer 13 within the gap 4 of the adiabatic part 6 as shown in FIG. 10 is an illustrative example of certain embodiments of the disclosure. Other configurations and arrangements of these components are also possible within the scope of the disclosure. For example, the number and arrangement of the linear arrays 8, the placement of the electrodes 9, and the configuration of the insulating layer 12 and dielectric layer 13 can vary depending on the specific requirements of the heat dissipating device.
[0096] Referring to FIG. 11, a sectional view of a heat dissipating device is illustrated. The device comprises a vapor chamber 1 with a top surface 2 and a bottom surface 3. The vapor chamber 1 includes an adiabatic part 6 arranged between an evaporator 7 and a condenser 5. The adiabatic part 6 comprises electrowetting linear arrays 8, which are used to facilitate the return of liquid from the condenser 5 to the evaporator 7. The linear arrays 8 are connected to an electric power supply 10, which provides the necessary voltage to create a continuous droplet motion along the linear arrays 8 from the condenser 5 to the evaporator 7. This connection allows for precise control of the electrowetting effect, enabling efficient liquid return within the vapor chamber 1.
[0097] As shown in the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 11, the adiabatic part 6 is made of a flexible material, such as but not limited to polymer or PET coated with a barrier layer. This allows the vapor chamber 1 to conform to various form factors, making it suitable for use in a wide range of applications, including flexible and foldable electronic devices. The flexibility of the adiabatic part 6 also allows the vapor chamber 1 to accommodate changes in the shape or size of the device, such as those that may occur due to thermal expansion or contraction.
[0098] In the illustrated embodiment, the adiabatic part 6 of the vapor chamber 1 is shown to be bent at an angle θ of approximately 45 degrees from the center point compared to the horizontal axis of the vapor chamber 1, as illustrated with a dash- dotted line. This results in an approximately 90 degrees bend tolerated by the adiabatic part 6 of the heat dissipating device when integrated in a foldable portion of an electronic device. However, this angle can vary based on the flexible material used for the adiabatic part 6 and the specific requirements of the electronic device.
[0099] The adiabatic part 6 of the vapor chamber 1 may further include a number of spacers (not shown) arranged between top surface 2 and the bottom surface 3, to keep a sufficient size of gap 4 in between the surfaces for allowing vapor flow and droplet motion.
[0100] Referring to FIG. 12, the heat dissipating device may be integrated into a portable electronic device, such as a smartphone or a tablet. In some aspects, the evaporator 7 of the heat dissipating device is thermally coupled to a heat-generating component of the portable electronic device, such as an electronic chip. The heat-generating component may be any component of the portable electronic device that generates heat during operation, such as a processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a memory chip, or any other suitable component.
[0101] The vapor chamber 1 of the heat dissipating device is arranged in such a way that it spans between the heat-generating component and a cooler part of the portable electronic device, such as the device's casing or back cover. This arrangement allows the heat generated by the heat-generating component to be efficiently transferred to the cooler part of the device, thereby preventing overheating of the heat-generating component and maintaining the overall thermal performance of the portable electronic device.
[0102] In some cases, the heat dissipating device may be attached to the heat dissipating chip or processor of a smartphone. The heat dissipating chip or processor generates heat during the operation of the smartphone, which is carried away by the vapor chamber 1 to its condenser 5. The heat carried to the condenser 5 is then released by conduction to the back cover of the smartphone and subsequently to the ambient environment in the form of low heat flux due to the larger condenser area compared to the smaller area of the heat dissipating chip or processor.
[0103] In some embodiments, the heat dissipating device may be integrated into a portable electronic device with a foldable portion. In these cases, the flexible adiabatic part 6 of the vapor chamber 1 may be arranged in the foldable portion of the portable electronic device. This allows the heat dissipating device to conform to the foldable form factor of the portable electronic device, thereby providing efficient thermal management even in devices with complex or variable shapes.
[0104] The integration of the heat dissipating device into a portable electronic device as shown in FIG. 12 is an illustrative example of certain embodiments of the disclosure. Other configurations and arrangements of the heat dissipating device within a portable electronic device are also possible within the scope of the disclosure. For example, the heat dissipating device may be integrated into other types of electronic devices, such as laptops, wearable devices, or any other devices that require efficient thermal management.
[0105] In some aspects, the surfaces of the vapor chamber 1, including the top surface 2 and the bottom surface 3, may be made of various materials. For instance, the surfaces may be made of copper, a metal alloy, or a polymer. The choice of material for the surfaces of the vapor chamber 1 can be selected based on factors such as the desired thermal properties, mechanical properties, and cost considerations. For example, copper may be chosen for its high thermal conductivity, which can enhance the heat transfer efficiency of the vapor chamber 1. Alternatively, a polymer may be chosen for its flexibility, which can allow the vapor chamber 1 to conform to various form factors, making it suitable for use in flexible and foldable electronic devices.
[0106] In some cases, the electric power supply 10 connected to the electrodes 9 of the linear arrays 8 can be a direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) power supply. The choice between a DC or AC power supply can depend on the specific requirements of the heat dissipating device. For example, a DC power supply may be chosen for its simplicity and efficiency, while an AC power supply may be chosen for its ability to provide a varying voltage, which can be useful for controlling the speed and direction of the droplet motion along the linear arrays 8.
[0107] In some embodiments, the dielectric layer 13 of the linear arrays 8 may be made of various materials. For instance, the dielectric layer 13 could be made of ceramic materials, including but not limited to silica, alumina, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, or silicon carbide. These ceramic materials can provide high dielectric constants, which can enhance the electrowetting effect and improve the efficiency of liquid return in the vapor chamber 1.
[0108] In other embodiments, the dielectric layer 13 could be made of polymer materials, including but not limited to hydrophilic polymer or surface treated polymer. These polymer materials can provide flexibility and durability, which can be advantageous in applications where the vapor chamber 1 is subject to mechanical stresses or thermal cycling. Furthermore, hydrophilic polymers or surface treated polymers can enhance the wettability of the dielectric layer 13, which can further improve the efficiency of liquid return in the vapor chamber 1.
[0109] It is to be appreciated that the concepts, systems, circuits and techniques sought to be protected herein are not limited to use in the example applications described herein (e.g., portable electronic devices) , but rather may be useful in substantially any application where it is desired to dissipate heat efficiently in compact or flexible form factors. While particular embodiments and applications of the present disclosure have been illustrated and described in connection with vapor chambers for electronic devices, it is to be understood that embodiments of the disclosure are not limited to the precise construction and compositions disclosed herein and that various modifications, changes, and variations can be apparent from the foregoing descriptions without departing from the scope of the disclosure as defined in the appended claims.
Claims
1.A heat dissipating device, comprising:a vapor chamber (1) with a top surface (2) and a bottom surface (3) , and a gap (4) arranged between the top surface (2) and the bottom surface (3) ;a condenser (5) arranged on a first side of the vapor chamber (1) ;an evaporator (7) arranged on a second side of the vapor chamber (1) ;a plurality of electrowetting linear arrays (8) connecting the condenser (5) and the evaporator (7) , each linear array (8) comprising a plurality of electrodes (9) connected to an electric power supply (10) in a manner that a voltage difference can be applied across two successive electrodes (9) for creating a continuous droplet motion along the linear array (8) ; andvapor channels (11) arranged between the linear arrays (8) to allow vapor flow from the evaporator (7) to the condenser (5);wherein at least one linear array (8) is arranged both on the top surface (2) and the bottom surface (3) for creating droplet motion from the condenser (5) to the evaporator (7) .2.The heat dissipating device of claim 1, wherein the electrowetting linear arrays (8) comprise a stack of an insulating layer (12) , a dielectric layer (13) , and electrodes (9) sandwiched between the insulating layer (12) and the dielectric layer (13) , the dielectric layer (13) being arranged towards the inside of the vapor chamber (1) and the insulating layer (12) being arranged adjacent to the respective surface (2, 3) of the vapor chamber (1) .3.The heat dissipating device of claim 2, wherein at least one of the insulating layer (12) and the dielectric layer (13) is made of a material selected from the group consisting of ceramic, polymer, and a composite of ceramic and polymer.4.The heat dissipating device of any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising capillary grooves (14) arranged adjacent to at least one of the electrowetting linear arrays (8) , the capillary grooves (14) spanning from the condenser (5) towards the evaporator (7) at least along a portion of the linear arrays (8) .5.The heat dissipating device of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein one or more electrowetting linear arrays (8) are deposited directly on surfaces of capillary grooves (14) .6.The heat dissipating device of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the electrowetting linear arrays (8) are arranged parallel to each other.7.The heat dissipating device of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the evaporator (7) is smaller in surface area than the condenser (5) , and wherein the electrowetting linear arrays (8) are arranged to converge from the condenser (5) onto the evaporator (7) either along non-parallel single lines connecting the condenser (5) to the evaporator (7) or arranged in a non-linear layout connecting the condenser (5) to the evaporator (7) .8.The heat dissipating device of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the vapor chamber (1) comprises an adiabatic part (6) arranged between the evaporator (7) and the condenser (5) and comprising the electrowetting linear arrays (8) ;wherein the adiabatic part (6) is made of a flexible material, such as a polymer or PET coated with a barrier layer.9.The heat dissipating device of claim 8, wherein the evaporator (7) and the condenser (5) are thicker than the adiabatic part (6) ; and wherein the vapor chamber (1) comprises tapered portions (17) joining the adiabatic part (6) to the evaporator (7) and the condenser (5) .10.A control method for a heat dissipating device, comprising:providing a heat dissipating device comprising a vapor chamber (1) with a condenser (5) , an evaporator (7) , and a plurality of electrowetting linear arrays (8) connecting the condenser (5) and the evaporator (7) ;measuring a control parameter using at least one sensor;and activating at least some electrodes (9) of the linear arrays (8) based on the measured control parameter to create a continuous droplet motion from the condenser (5) to the evaporator (7) .11.The control method of claim 10, wherein the heat dissipating device further comprises capillary grooves (14) arranged spanning from the condenser (5) towards the evaporator (7) at least along a portion of the linear arrays (8) ;wherein the at least one sensor comprises at least one temperature sensor (15) arranged at one or more locations of the vapor chamber (1) ; andwherein at least some electrodes (9) of the linear arrays (8) are activated once a temperature measured by the at least one temperature sensor (15) exceeds a preset temperature threshold.12.The control method of claim 11, wherein the at least one temperature sensor (15) is used to determine an average temperature within the vapor chamber (1) ; andwherein at least some electrodes (9) of the linear arrays (8) are activated once the determined average temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold.13.The control method of claim 11, wherein the device comprises a plurality of temperature sensors (15) arranged at multiple locations of the vapor chamber (1) to measure local temperatures, and wherein activating at least some electrodes (9) comprises activating only selected electrodes (9) of the linear arrays (8) located in areas where the measured local temperatures exceed a preset temperature threshold to mitigate temperature non-uniformity in the vapor chamber (1) .14.The control method of claim 10, wherein the heat dissipating device further comprises capillary grooves (14) arranged spanning from the condenser (5) towards the evaporator (7) at least along a portion of the linear arrays (8) ;wherein the at least one sensor comprises a capillary flow sensor (16) for measuring a state of capillary flow along the capillary grooves (14) ; andwherein activating at least some electrodes (9) comprises activating only selected electrodes (9) of linear arrays (8) based on the measured state of capillary flow.15.Use of a heat dissipating device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in a portable electronic device, wherein the evaporator (7) of the heat dissipating device is thermally coupled to a heat-generating component of the portable electronic device, such as an electronic chip.