Antenna, electronic device, and vehicle

Abstract

A vehicle, comprising an electronic device. The electronic device comprises an antenna. In the antenna, a via having a connecting element is formed in a substrate, a first-type radiating element and a second-type radiating element are located on different surfaces of the substrate, and the first-type radiating element and the second-type radiating element are short-circuit connected by means of the via.

Description

Antennas and electronic equipment, vehicles

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411190547.2, filed on August 27, 2024, entitled “Antenna and Electronic Equipment, Vehicle”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to, but is not limited to, the field of antenna technology, specifically to an antenna and electronic equipment, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0003] A video transmission antenna is an antenna used for image transmission. It is typically used to transmit image or video signals from one device to another, such as from a drone to a ground control station, or from a camera mounted on a vehicle to capture images. Vehicle-mounted video transmission equipment can transmit these images in real time to a remote receiving device, thereby enabling real-time monitoring and remote management of the vehicle's surroundings. The video transmission antenna can receive wireless signals and convert them into visual image or video signals, allowing users to monitor or record the transmitted content in real time.

[0004] Antennas in related technologies suffer from defects such as non-circularity in their radiation patterns and poor omnidirectional radiation characteristics. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an antenna and electronic device, and a vehicle, which improves the omnidirectional radiation characteristics of the antenna, thereby at least partially solving the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of this application, an antenna is provided, comprising:

[0007] The substrate has through holes.

[0008] Type I radiative units and Type II radiative units;

[0009] The first type of radiating unit and the second type of radiating unit are connected to different surfaces of the substrate through the via.

[0010] In some embodiments of this application, the via has a connector;

[0011] The first type of radiating element includes:

[0012] First radiating section and second radiating section;

[0013] The first radiating portion and the second radiating portion are both formed on the same surface of the substrate, and the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion are connected through a connector in the via.

[0014] In some embodiments of this application, the connector is constructed as a metal layer on the inner wall of the via.

[0015] In some embodiments of this application, the substrate has a center line;

[0016] The radiating parts of the first type of radiating unit are arranged sequentially along the first direction and form a whole that is symmetrically arranged along the second direction.

[0017] The first direction is parallel to the center line, and the second direction is perpendicular to or inclined to the center line.

[0018] In some embodiments of this application, at least two radiating portions of the first type of radiating unit are arranged at the same vertical distance relative to the center line along a second direction.

[0019] In some embodiments of this application, at least two of the first type of radiating elements are arranged at the same vertical distance relative to the center line along the second direction.

[0020] In some embodiments of this application, the antenna further includes:

[0021] Transmission lines are used to form an electrical connection with the radiating unit;

[0022] The transmission lines are distributed on both sides of the substrate so that the radiating units located on the same surface are electrically connected to the transmission lines.

[0023] In some embodiments of this application, the transmission lines are distributed on two sides of the substrate, and are arranged parallel to each other along the first direction.

[0024] In some embodiments of this application, the two portions of the transmission line distributed on both sides of the substrate are arranged with their orthographic projections overlapping on both sides of the substrate.

[0025] In some embodiments of this application, the two portions of the transmission line distributed on both sides of the substrate are arranged with their orthographic projections on both sides of the substrate completely overlapping.

[0026] In some embodiments of this application, the transmission line has a feed point and a ground point;

[0027] The power supply point and the grounding point are distributed on both sides of the substrate.

[0028] In some embodiments of this application, the transmission line has:

[0029] A branch segment is used to connect to the first type of radiating unit;

[0030] An extension section is provided for connection to the second type of radiating unit;

[0031] The branch segment has one of the vias;

[0032] The extension has three vias, and the vias in the extension are short-circuited.

[0033] In some embodiments of this application, the branch segment is constructed as the electrical length of the operating frequency band wavelength of 0.083λ.

[0034] In some embodiments of this application, the transmission line has:

[0035] Center point;

[0036] The dissimilar second type of radiating units are centrally symmetrical with respect to the center point.

[0037] In some embodiments of this application, the second type of radiating element includes elements disposed along the first direction:

[0038] Section 1, Section 2, and Section 3;

[0039] The first section is L-shaped, the second section is cuboid, and the third section is an asymmetrical, gradually changing polygon.

[0040] The width of the second section along the second direction is greater than the width of the first section along the second direction.

[0041] In some embodiments of this application, the radiating portion of the first type of radiating unit is configured to have an electrical length of 1 / 4 of the operating frequency band wavelength.

[0042] According to a second aspect of this application, an electronic device is provided, including the antenna as described above.

[0043] In some embodiments of this application, the electronic device includes a vehicle-mounted image transmission device.

[0044] According to a third aspect of this application, a vehicle is provided, including the electronic equipment described above.

[0045] The beneficial effect of this application is that it provides an antenna that can reduce the non-circularity of the antenna radiation pattern, so that the antenna radiation has better omnidirectional radiation characteristics.

[0046] More specifically, some embodiments of this application may produce the following specific beneficial effects:

[0047] In the antenna of this application embodiment, a via with a connector is formed on the substrate. The first type of radiating element and the second type of radiating element are located on different surfaces of the substrate, and the first type of radiating element and the second type of radiating element are connected to the substrate through the via. Through the above technical solution, two types of radiating elements are provided on both sides of the substrate, which reduces the mutual coupling between the first type of radiating element and the second type of radiating element, effectively reduces the non-circularity of the antenna radiation pattern, and thus makes the antenna radiation have better omnidirectional radiation characteristics and improves the isolation between the first type of radiating element and the second type of radiating element.

[0048] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0049] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0050] To gain a more complete understanding of this application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals in the following description denote the same parts.

[0051] Figure 1 is a front view of an overall structure of an antenna (feed point located in a first type of radiating element) provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 2 is a rear view of an overall structure of the antenna of Figure 1 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 3 is a perspective view of the antenna of Figure 1 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 4 is a perspective view of an antenna with another structure (feed point located in the first type of radiating element) provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 5 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part A in Figure 1;

[0056] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the vehicle provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application.

[0057] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 100, Antenna; 110, Substrate; 11a, Via; 11a1, Type 1 Via; 11a2, Type 2 Via; 11b, Centerline; 111, First Surface; 112, Second Surface; 120, Type 1 Radiating Element; 121, First Radiating Section; 122, Second Radiating Section; 130, Type 2 Radiating Element; 131, First Section; 132, Second Section; 133, Third Section; 140, Transmission Line; 141, First Wiring; 142, Second Wiring; 143, Feed Point; 144, Ground Point; 145, Main Section; 146, Branch Section; 147, Extension Section; 148, Center Point. 1, Vehicle. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0059] Referring to Figures 1 to 5, for ease of explanation, the directions of up, down, left, and right are used in the corresponding figures to illustrate the relative positional relationships between the parts of this application. These should not be construed as limitations on absolute positions.

[0060] Furthermore, in this application, the first direction corresponds to the left-right direction and the second direction corresponds to the up-down direction; similarly, the first direction here indicates the front-back direction only for the convenience of introducing the specific embodiments of this application. There is no absolute correspondence between the first direction and the left-right direction, and similarly, there is no absolute correspondence between the second direction and the up-down direction.

[0061] The first and second directions in this application are only for expressing relative positional relationships; they merely indicate approximate locations rather than absolute geometric relationships.

[0062] According to a first aspect of this application, referring to Figures 1 to 5, this application provides an antenna 100, including a substrate 110, a first type of radiating element 120, and a second type of radiating element 130.

[0063] The substrate 110 has a via 11a1, which places the first type of radiation unit 120 and the second type of radiation unit 130 on different surfaces of the substrate 110, and the first type of radiation unit 120 and the second type of radiation unit 130 are connected to the substrate 110 through the via 11a1.

[0064] By using the above technical solution, two types of radiating units are provided on both sides of the substrate 110, which reduces the mutual coupling between the first type of radiating unit 120 and the second type of radiating unit 130, effectively reducing the non-circularity of the radiation pattern of the antenna 100, thereby enabling the antenna 100 to have better omnidirectional radiation characteristics and improving the isolation between the first type of radiating unit 120 and the second type of radiating unit.

[0065] Because two different types of radiating elements are arranged on both sides of the substrate 110, the antenna 100 has the advantages of dual-band, high gain and omnidirectional radiation, and minimizes the mutual influence and coupling between the antennas 100.

[0066] The first type of radiating element 120 in this application uses a frequency band of 5.725GHz-5.85GHz, and the second type of radiating element 130 uses a frequency band of 2.4GHz-2.484GHz. The dual-band antenna 100 has high gain and good omnidirectional radiation characteristics.

[0067] In some embodiments, the via has a connector.

[0068] The first type of radiating unit 120 includes: a first radiating part 121 and a second radiating part 122.

[0069] The first radiating portion 121 and the second radiating portion 122 are both formed on the same surface of the substrate 110, and the first radiating portion 121 and the second radiating portion 122 are connected by a connector in a through hole.

[0070] By providing a connector within the via, the first radiating part 121 and the second radiating part 122 of the first type of radiating unit 120 can be disposed on the same surface of the substrate 110, making room for the second type of radiating unit 130. This allows the first type of radiating unit 120 and the second type of radiating unit 130 to be disposed on both sides of the substrate 110, enabling dual-band signal transmission or reception. This arrangement is simple and does not require additional structures to form radiating units of different frequency bands on a single substrate 110, effectively reducing the size of the antenna 100.

[0071] In some embodiments, the connector can be constructed as a metal layer on the inner wall of a via, defined as a metal via. The connection between the radiating parts of the first type of radiating unit 120 is achieved by using the metal via. The implementation method is simple, and the effect of the radiating parts of the first type of radiating unit 120 being located on the same surface can be achieved by using the metal via on the substrate 110, without the need to use other components for connection.

[0072] In some embodiments, the substrate 110 has a center line 11b, and the radiating portions of the first type of radiating units 120 are arranged sequentially along a first direction and constitute an integral part that is symmetrically arranged along a second direction.

[0073] The first direction is set parallel to the center line 11b, and the second direction is set perpendicular to or inclined to the center line 11b.

[0074] The first and second directions in this application are constructed to be perpendicular.

[0075] By arranging the radiating portions of the first radiating unit sequentially along the first direction and forming a whole symmetrically arranged along the second direction, the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion of the first type of radiating unit 120 are symmetrically arranged, so that one or more of the first type of radiating units 120 have the characteristic of high gain.

[0076] In some embodiments, the two radiating portions of the first type of radiating unit 120 are arranged at the same vertical distance relative to the center line 11b along the second direction.

[0077] By arranging the two radiating portions of at least one first-type radiating element 120 at the same vertical distance relative to the center line 11b along the second direction, a symmetrical dipole can be formed, further improving the gain of the antenna 100.

[0078] Referring to Figure 5, the vertical distance between the first radiating part 121 and the center line 11b along the second direction is set as d1, and the vertical distance between the second radiating part 122 and the center line 11b along the second direction is set as d2. Then d1 equals d2.

[0079] In some embodiments, the different first-type radiating units 120 located on both sides of the center line of the substrate 110 may be arranged in a mirror-symmetric configuration relative to the center line.

[0080] In some embodiments, at least two first-class radiating elements 120 are arranged at the same vertical distance relative to the centerline 11b along the second direction.

[0081] By arranging at least two first-type radiating elements 120 at the same vertical distance relative to the center line 11b along the second direction, an antenna 100 is formed by all the first-type radiating elements 120 in a linear array, which further improves the gain of the antenna 100, making the antenna 100 of this application have the characteristics of high gain.

[0082] Specifically, referring to Figures 1 to 5, the substrate 110 includes a first surface 111 and a second surface 112, a first type of radiating unit 120 is disposed on the first surface 111, and a second type of radiating unit 130 is disposed on the second surface 112.

[0083] In some embodiments, the first type of radiating element 120 of this application is configured as six. The six first type of radiating elements 120 are located on the first surface 111 of the substrate 110, and the six first type of radiating elements 120 are respectively disposed on both sides of the center line 11b. Three first type of radiating elements 120 are disposed on one side. The first type of radiating elements 120 disposed on both sides of the center line 11b are arranged in a mirror symmetrical arrangement relative to the center line. The vertical distances D1 and D2 of the first type of radiating elements 120 relative to the center line 11b are equal, forming a linear array antenna.

[0084] In some embodiments, the antenna 100 further includes a transmission line 140.

[0085] The transmission line 140 is used to form an electrical connection with the radiation unit, and a portion of the transmission line 140 is distributed on the first surface 111 and a portion is distributed on the second surface 112.

[0086] A portion of the transmission line 140 distributed on the first surface 111 is electrically connected to the first type of radiating unit 120, and a portion of the transmission line 140 distributed on the second surface 112 is electrically connected to the second type of radiating unit 130, thereby completing the transmission / reception of signals from the two types of radiating units.

[0087] For ease of description, the portion of the transmission line 140 distributed on the first surface 111 is defined as the first wiring 141, and the portion of the transmission line 140 distributed on the second surface 112 is defined as the second wiring 142.

[0088] The first wiring 141 is electrically coupled to the second wiring 142.

[0089] The first radiating part 121 of the first type of radiating unit 120 is connected to the first wiring 141, and the second radiating part 122 is connected to the first radiating part 121 through a via, so as to be connected to the first wiring 141.

[0090] The second type of radiating unit 130 is connected to the second wiring 142, completing the construction of the circuit that connects the first type of radiating unit 120 and the second type of radiating unit 130 to the transmission line 140 to transmit signals, which can achieve better signal transmission / reception functions.

[0091] In some embodiments, the first wiring 141 and the second wiring 142 are arranged parallel to each other along a first direction.

[0092] By arranging the first wiring 141 and the second wiring 142 of the transmission line 140 parallel to each other along the first direction, stable and efficient power supply can be achieved.

[0093] Referring to Figure 3, the orthographic projection of the first wiring 141 on the substrate 110 is completely superimposed on the orthographic projection of the second wiring 142 on the substrate 110.

[0094] In some embodiments, the transmission line 140 has a feed point 143 and a ground point 144.

[0095] In this application, a grounding area can be provided on the first wiring 141 connected to the first type of radiating unit 120, the outer conductor layer of the coaxial cable is connected to the grounding area on the parallel transmission line 140, a power feeding area is provided on the second wiring 142 connected to the second type of radiating unit 130, and the inner core of the coaxial cable is connected to the power feeding area of ​​the parallel transmission line 140.

[0096] In some embodiments, referring to FIG5, transmission line 140 has a main segment 145, a branch segment 146, and an extension segment 147.

[0097] The main segment 145 is arranged parallel to the first direction so that the transmission line 140 is arranged parallel to the substrate 110.

[0098] Branch segment 146 is located at a branch of main segment 145, and extension segment 147 is located at the end of main segment 145.

[0099] The main section 145 is used to set the power supply point 143 or the grounding point 144.

[0100] The branch segment 146 is used to connect with the first type of radiation unit 120, and the extension segment 147 is used to connect with the second type of radiation unit 130.

[0101] The branch segment 146 has one via, and the extension segment 147 has three vias.

[0102] The via located at branch segment 146 is defined as a first-class via 11a1, and the via located at extension segment 147 is defined as a second-class via 11a2.

[0103] The first type of via 11a1 achieves the effect of connecting the first wiring 141 and the first type of radiating unit 120.

[0104] By short-circuiting the second type of via 11a2, the second type of via 11a2 can adjust the low-frequency impedance and the high-frequency impedance, thus helping to achieve the omnidirectional radiation effect of the antenna 100 with high gain.

[0105] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the first type of radiating unit 120 of this application is configured as six, and the second type of radiating unit 130 is configured as two. The three first type of radiating units 120 are connected to the same first wiring 141, and the two second type of radiating units 130 are connected to the same second wiring 142.

[0106] Six first-type radiating units 120 are disposed on both sides of the center line 11b of the substrate 110 and are arranged in a mirror symmetry. Similarly, the first-type vias 11a1 are also arranged in a mirror symmetry with respect to the center line 11b.

[0107] In some embodiments, the branch segment 146 is configured as an electrical length L1 of the operating frequency band wavelength of 0.083λ.

[0108] In this application, three second-class vias 11a2 are designed on the 0.083λ line to form short-circuit points, which are used to adjust the high-frequency impedance and low-frequency impedance and to achieve omnidirectional radiation of the antenna 100.

[0109] Furthermore, the second type of radiating unit 130 is located near the short-circuit point and extends along one side of the parallel transmission line 140, and the second type of radiating unit 130 at both ends of the main segment 145 has omnidirectional radiation characteristics.

[0110] In some embodiments, the transmission line 140 has a center point 148.

[0111] The different type II radiative units 130 are centrally symmetric relative to the center point 148.

[0112] By arranging the second type of radiating element 130 in a centrally symmetrical manner relative to the center point 148, the high-gain characteristics of the antenna 100 are further improved.

[0113] In some embodiments, the second type of radiating element 130 is configured as a multi-section, gradually tapering radiating element. Referring to the figures, the second type of radiating element 130 includes elements disposed along a first direction:

[0114] Section 1, page 131; Section 2, page 132; and Section 3, page 133.

[0115] The first section 131 is constructed as an L-shape, the second section 132 as a cuboid, and the third section 133 as an asymmetrical, gradually changing polygon.

[0116] The width of the second section 132 along the second direction is greater than the width of the first section 131 along the second direction.

[0117] By constructing the second type of radiating unit 130 as a multi-section gradually varying radiating unit, the impedance can be adjusted to achieve omnidirectional radiation and improve the isolation from the first type of radiating unit 120.

[0118] In some embodiments, the radiating portion of the first type of radiating unit 120 is configured to have an electrical length that is 1 / 4 of the wavelength of the operating frequency band.

[0119] In some embodiments, the substrate 110 is configured as a PCB board with a length:width:back ratio of 67.5:10:1.

[0120] For example, the PCB can be set to be 108mm long, 16mm wide, and 1.6mm thick.

[0121] The antenna 100 of this application can achieve a gain of 5 dBi in the 2.4 GHz-2.484 GHz band and a gain of 7.5 dBi in the 5.725 GHz-5.85 GHz band.

[0122] According to a second aspect of this application, an electronic device is provided, including the antenna 100 as described above.

[0123] The electronic device has all the beneficial effects of the antenna 100 described above, which will not be repeated here.

[0124] In some embodiments, the electronic device may include a vehicle-mounted image transmission device.

[0125] The vehicle-mounted image transmission device in this application is small in size and has high image transmission efficiency.

[0126] According to a third aspect of this application, referring to FIG6, a vehicle 1 is provided, including the electronic equipment described above. The vehicle 1 possesses all the beneficial effects of the aforementioned electronic equipment, which will not be elaborated further herein.

[0127] The vehicle 1 can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, or a new energy vehicle, etc., and this application does not make any specific restrictions on it.

[0128] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0129] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0130] The embodiments, implementation methods, and related technical features of this application can be combined and substituted for each other without conflict.

[0131] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna, wherein, include: The substrate has through holes. Type I radiative units and Type II radiative units; The first type of radiating unit and the second type of radiating unit are respectively connected to different surfaces of the substrate through the via.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The via has a connector; The first type of radiating element includes: First radiating section and second radiating section; The first radiating portion and the second radiating portion are both formed on the same surface of the substrate, and the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion are connected through a connector in the via.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein, The connector is constructed as a metal layer on the inner wall of the via.

4. The antenna according to claim 2 or 3, wherein, The substrate has a center line; The radiating portions of the first type of radiating unit are arranged sequentially on the same side of the center line along the first direction, and form a whole that is symmetrically arranged along the second direction. The first direction is parallel to the center line, and the second direction is perpendicular to or inclined to the center line.

5. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, At least one of the two radiating portions of the first type of radiating unit is arranged at the same vertical distance relative to the center line along the second direction.

6. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, At least two of the first type of radiating elements are arranged at the same vertical distance relative to the center line along the second direction.

7. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The antenna also includes: Transmission lines are used to form an electrical connection with the radiating unit; The transmission lines are distributed on both sides of the substrate so that the radiating units located on the same surface are electrically connected to the transmission lines.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, wherein, The transmission lines are distributed on two sides of the substrate, with two portions arranged parallel to each other along the first direction.

9. The antenna according to claim 7, wherein, The transmission line is distributed on two sides of the substrate, with the two portions overlapping each other on the two sides of the substrate.

10. The antenna according to claim 8, wherein, The two portions of the transmission line distributed on both sides of the substrate are arranged so that their orthographic projections on both sides of the substrate completely overlap.

11. The antenna according to claim 7, wherein, The transmission line has a power supply point and a ground point; The power supply point and the grounding point are distributed on both sides of the substrate.

12. The antenna according to claim 7, wherein, The transmission line has: A branch segment is used to connect to the first type of radiating unit; An extension section is provided for connection to the second type of radiating unit; The branch segment has one of the vias; The extension has three of the aforementioned through holes; The via short-circuit setting is located in the extension section.

13. The antenna according to claim 10, wherein, The branch segment is constructed to have an electrical length of 0.083λ, which is the operating frequency band wavelength.

14. The antenna according to claim 7, wherein, The transmission line has: Center point; The dissimilar second type of radiating units are centrally symmetrical with respect to the center point.

15. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein, The second type of radiating element includes elements disposed along the first direction: Section 1, Section 2, and Section 3; The first section is L-shaped, the second section is cuboid, and the third section is an asymmetrical, gradually changing polygon. The width of the second section along the second direction is greater than the width of the first section along the second direction.

16. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein, The radiating part of the first type of radiating unit is constructed to have an electrical length of 1 / 4 of the operating frequency band wavelength.

17. An electronic device, wherein, Including the antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 16.

18. The electronic device according to claim 17, wherein, The electronic device includes a vehicle-mounted image transmission device.

19. A vehicle, wherein, Includes the antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 16; or the electronic device as described in claim 17 or 18.

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