Pant-type absorbent article
The absorbent article addresses leakage prevention and fit challenges by employing a zoned elastic belt system with a protective pocket and absorbent main body design, ensuring effective leakage prevention and comfort while being cost-effective.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-26
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Figure CN2024119733_26032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PANT-TYPE ABSORBENT ARTICLEFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to pant-type absorbent articles having a protective measure for preventing leakage of low viscosity bodily exudates, while also maintaining other functions as a pant-type wearable article.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Infants and other individuals wear absorbent articles such as diapers to receive and contain urine and other body exudates. Pull-on absorbent articles, or pant-type absorbent articles, are those which are donned by inserting the wearer’s legs into the leg openings and sliding the article up into position about the lower torso. Pant-type absorbent articles having a protective measure for preventing leakage of low viscosity bodily exudates through the waist opening are known, for example, in WO2021 / 169166A.
[0003] Pant-type articles may take various structures wherein the circumference of the waist opening and vicinity thereof is made elastic enough to facilitate the wearer or the caregiver to expand the article and insert the wearer’s legs into the leg openings for wearing the article. Accordingly, pant-type articles provide only a very small range of size adjustment or body configuration adjustment based on the structural limitations of the article. As such, pant-type articles are typically so configured to accommodate size and configuration ranges by providing the elastic belt region very stretchable and comfortable to wear, yet with reliable fit such that sufficient protection against sagging and urine leakage may be provided. It is desired that such basic functions of the elastic belt region may be maintained even with introduction of the aforementioned protective measure.
[0004] Based on the foregoing, there is a need for an absorbent article provided with a protective measure for preventing leakage of low viscosity bodily exudates from the waist opening, while maintaining good fit, comfort during wear, urine leakage prevention, and softness. There is also a need for providing such an absorbent article which can be economically made.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] The present invention is directed to an absorbent article having a longitudinal direction, a transverse direction, a pair of side seams, and a pair of leg openings, comprising:
[0006] a front elastic belt transversely extending between the pair of side seams;
[0007] a back elastic belt transversely extending between the pair of side seams;
[0008] a crotch region longitudinally extending between the front and back elastic belts; and
[0009] an absorbent main body extending the entire longitudinal dimension of the crotch region and further extending partly into each of the front region and the back region, the absorbent main body comprising a liquid pervious topsheet, a liquid impervious backsheet, and an absorbent material region sandwiched therebetween, the absorbent main body having a maximum transverse dimension W2 which is from about 22%to about 50%of a transverse dimension of the front elastic belt W1;
[0010] the front belt divided into a waist zone, a protective zone, and a buttock zone lined up from the distal edge to the proximal edge, each zone spanning in the transverse direction and defined by its location from the distal edge to the proximal edge relative to the percentage of a longitudinal dimension LS of the side seam, wherein elastic members are disposed on each of the waist zone, the protective zone, and the buttock zone,
[0011] the protective zone comprising a main portion and a waist guard portion superposed with each other, the waist guard portion extending towards the crotch region from a transversely extending closed end line towards an open edge, wherein the waist guard portion is partially bonded to the main portion to define a pair of closed side lines, wherein a front pocket is formed by the closed end line, the pair of closed side lines, and the open edge, the front pocket having an area A2 of from about 1%to about 10%, preferably from about 2%to about 6%of the front elastic belt having an area A1; and the closed end line and the closed side lines superpose the backsheet.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which is regarded as forming the present invention, it is believed that the invention will be better understood from the following description which is taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and which like designations are used to designate substantially identical elements, and in which:
[0013] Figure 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an absorbent article of the present invention.
[0014] Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of one embodiment of an absorbent article of the present invention with the side seams removed and in a flat uncontracted condition showing the garment facing surface.
[0015] Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of an embodiment of the front belt of the present invention showing the wearer-facing side.
[0016] Figures 4A and 4B are cross sections of Figure 3 taken at LX and L1, respectively.
[0017] Figure 5 is schematic plan view of an embodiment of the back belt of the present invention showing the wearer-facing side, wherein only the elastic members on the waist guard portion are shown.
[0018] Figures 6A and 6B are cross sections of Figure 5 taken at LX and L2, respectively.
[0019] Figure 7 is a schematic view of an example of a hanger-type sample holding fixture according to the “Whole Article Force Measurement” herein.
[0020] DEFINITIONS
[0021] As used herein, the following terms shall have the meaning specified thereafter:
[0022] “Absorbent article" refers to articles of wear which may be in the form of pants, taped diapers, incontinent briefs, feminine hygiene garments, and the like, so configured to also absorb and contain various exudates such as urine, feces, and menses discharged from the body. The “absorbent article” may serve as an outer cover adaptable to be joined with a separable disposable absorbent insert for providing absorbent and containment function, such as those disclosed in PCT publication WO 2011 / 087503A.
[0023] “Pant” refers to disposable absorbent articles having a pre-formed waist and leg openings. A pant may be donned by inserting a wearer's legs into the leg openings and sliding the pant into position about the wearer's lower torso. Pants are also commonly referred to as “closed diapers” , “prefastened diapers” , “pull-on diapers” , “training pants” and “diaper-pants” .
[0024] “Longitudinal” refers to a direction running substantially perpendicular from a waist edge to an opposing waist edge of the article and generally parallel to the maximum linear dimension of the article.
[0025] “Transverse” refers to a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
[0026] “Proximal” and “distal” refer respectively to the position closer or farther relative to the longitudinal center of the article.
[0027] “Wearer-facing” and “garment-facing” refer respectively to the relative location of an element or a surface of an element or group of elements. “Wearer-facing” implies the element or surface is nearer to the wearer during wear than some other element or surface. “Garment-facing” implies the element or surface is more remote from the wearer during wear than some other element or surface (i.e., element or surface is proximate to the wearer’s garments that may be worn over the disposable absorbent article) .
[0028] “Disposed” refers to an element being located in a particular place or position.
[0029] “Joined” refers to configurations whereby an element is directly secured to another element by affixing the element directly to the other element and to configurations whereby an element is indirectly secured to another element by affixing the element to intermediate member (s) which in turn are affixed to the other element.
[0030] “Film” refers to a sheet-like material wherein the length and width of the material far exceed the thickness of the material. Typically, films have a thickness of about 0.5 mm or less.
[0031] “Water-permeable” and “water-impermeable” refer to the penetrability of materials in the context of the intended usage of disposable absorbent articles. Specifically, the term “water-permeable” refers to a layer or a layered structure having pores, openings, and / or interconnected void spaces that permit liquid water, urine, or synthetic urine to pass through its thickness in the absence of a forcing pressure. Conversely, the term “water-impermeable” refers to a layer or a layered structure through the thickness of which liquid water, urine, or synthetic urine cannot pass in the absence of a forcing pressure (aside from natural forces such as gravity) . A layer or a layered structure that is water-impermeable according to this definition may be permeable to water vapor, i.e., may be “vapor-permeable” .
[0032] “Extendibility" and "extensible" mean that the width or length of the component in a relaxed state can be extended or increased.
[0033] “Elasticated” and “elasticized” mean that a component comprises at least a portion made of elastic material.
[0034] “Elongatable material” , “extensible material” , or “stretchable material” are used interchangeably and refer to a material that, upon application of a biasing force, can stretch to an elongated length of at least about 110%of its relaxed, original length (i.e. can stretch to 10 percent more than its original length) , without rupture or breakage, and upon release of the applied force, shows little recovery, less than about 20%of its elongation without complete rupture or breakage as measured by EDANA method 20.2-89. In the event such an elongatable material recovers at least 40%of its elongation upon release of the applied force, the elongatable material will be considered to be “elastic” or “elastomeric. ” For example, an elastic material that has an initial length of 100mm can extend at least to 150mm, and upon removal of the force retracts to a length of at least 130mm (i.e., exhibiting a 40%recovery) . In the event the material recovers less than 40%of its elongation upon release of the applied force, the elongatable material will be considered to be “substantially non-elastic” or “substantially non-elastomeric” . For example, an elongatable material that has an initial length of 100mm can extend at least to 150mm, and upon removal of the force retracts to a length of at least 145mm (i.e., exhibiting a 10%recovery) .
[0035] “Dimension” , “Length” , “Width” , “Pitch” , “Diameter” , “Aspect Ratio” , “Angle” , and “Area” of the article are all measured in a state wherein the article is extended to the Full Stretch Circumference W1 according to the “Whole Article Force Measurement” herein, and utilizing a ruler or a loupe, unless specified otherwise.
[0036] “Artwork” refers to a visual presentation to the naked eye, which is provided by printing or otherwise, and having a color. Printing includes various methods and apparatus well known to those skilled in the art such as lithographic, screen printing, flexographic, and gravure ink jet printing techniques.
[0037] “Color” or “Colored” as referred to herein includes any primary color except color white, i.e., black, red, blue, violet, orange, yellow, green, and indigo as well as any declination thereof or mixture thereof. The color white is defined as those colors having a L*value of at least 94, an a*value equal to 0 ± 2, and a b*value equal to 0 ± 2 according to the CIE L*a*b*color system.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0038] Absorbent Article
[0039] Figure 1 is a perspective view of an absorbent article (20) of the present invention, and Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of an absorbent article with the side seams (32) unjoined and removed, and in its flat uncontracted condition showing the garment-facing surface. The absorbent article (20) has a longitudinal centerline LX which also serves as the longitudinal axis, and a transverse centerline TX which also serves as the transverse axis. The absorbent article (20) has a wearer-facing surface, a garment facing surface, a front elastic belt (84) , a back elastic belt (86) , a crotch region (30) , and side seams (32) which join the front elastic belt (84) and the back elastic belt (86) , to form two leg openings and a waist opening. In Figure 2, the side edges (89) of the front and back elastic belt (84, 86) indicate the inward edges of the side seams (32) .
[0040] The absorbent article (20) may be a uni-body type pant as in Figures 1 and 2 configured such that the garment facing layer of the crotch region (30) and the garment facing layer of the front and back elastic belts (84, 86) are common. For the uni-body type pant, the portion extending in the transverse direction between longitudinally extending side seams (32) , respectively, are the front region (26) , and the back region (28) , and the remainder portion having curvilinear side edges is the crotch region (30) , wherein the front elastic belt (84) matches the front region (26) , and the back elastic belt (86) matches the back region (28) . The distal edge of the side seam (32) is considered the distal edge (88) , and the proximal edge of the side seam (32) is considered the proximal edge (90) . The distal edge (88) matches the waist opening.
[0041] Absorbent Main Body
[0042] The absorbent main body (38) comprises a topsheet, a backsheet and an absorbent material region (62) disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet. The topsheet may be a water permeable substrate. The backsheet may be a water impermeable film. The absorbent main body (38) comprises an absorbent material region (62) for absorbing and containing body exudates disposed on the absorbent main body (38) , and an absorbent material non-existing region (61) surrounding the periphery of the absorbent material region (62) . The area adjacent the front and back longitudinal end edges of the absorbent main body (38) comprise the backsheet. The absorbent material non-existing region (61) may be made only of the topsheet and the backsheet, and optional cuff materials as explained below. As shown in the embodiment of Figure 2, the absorbent main body (38) may have a generally rectangular shape, left and right longitudinally extending side edges (48) and front and back transversely extending end edges (50) . The absorbent material region (62) may exist through the entire longitudinal dimension of the crotch region and extending at least partly in the front and back regions (26, 28) . The backsheet may extend the entire area of the absorbent main body (38) . The absorbent main body has a maximum transverse dimension W2 which is from about 22%to about 50%of a transverse dimension of the back elastic belt W1.
[0043] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, one preferred embodiment of the pant-type article of the present invention is the uni-body type which comprises an elastic cover (40) extending the entire longitudinal dimension of the article, and the absorbent main body (38) , wherein the elastic cover (40) comprises the front elastic belt (84) and the back elastic belt (86) . The elastic cover (40) may comprise a shaped crotch region, the shaped crotch region forming the leg openings. The elastic cover (40) may have a minimum transverse dimension W5 in the crotch region. By providing such shaped crotch region, the elastic cover (40) provides good fit and comfortable wear around the leg opening. Further, by providing the shaped crotch region to form the leg openings, the absorbent main body (38) may be provided in smaller transverse dimension than the elastic cover (40) , also contributing to comfortable wear. Further, by providing the absorbent main body (38) in smaller transverse dimension, there is provided closer fit of the absorbent main body (38) to the wearer, particularly closer fit of the absorbent material existing region (62) to the wearer, that good handling of liquid exudates is effected. The minimum transverse dimension W5 of the elastic cover (40) may be from about 110%to about 150%of the maximum transverse dimension W2 of the absorbent main body (38) . The shaped crotch region of the elastic cover (40) may further comprise curved leg elastics (65) for forming leg opening cuffs (64) along the leg openings, as in Figure 1.
[0044] The absorbent material region (62) may comprise an absorbent layer and an acquisition layer. The absorbent layer is the region wherein absorbent materials having a high retention capacity, such as superabsorbent polymers, are present. The absorbent layer may be substantially cellulose free. Superabsorbent polymers of the absorbent layer may be disposed between first and second layers of material immobilized by a fibrous layer of thermoplastic adhesive material. The first and second layers of materials may be nonwoven fibrous webs including synthetic fibers, such as mono-constituent fibers of PE, PET and PP, multiconstituent fibers such as side by side, core / sheath or island in the sea type fibers. Such synthetic fibers may be formed via a spunbonding process or a meltblowing process. The acquisition layer facilitates the acquisition and the distribution of body exudates and may be placed between the topsheet and the absorbent layer. The acquisition layer may include cellulosic fibers.
[0045] The absorbent layers may be disposed in plurality in the absorbent material region (62) . Some portions of the absorbent layers may be configured to have substantially no absorbent material to form a channel or a plurality of channels. Channels may be useful for allowing the absorbent material region (62) to bend upon swelling with fluids, such that the absorbent article conforms to the wearer’s body after swelling and prevent sagging of the article. The channels may also be formed in the acquisition layer, and may be configured to at least partly match the channels of the absorbent layer in the thickness direction.
[0046] Alternatively, the absorbent material region (62) may comprise a high loft material encompassing superabsorbent polymers. The term “high loft” refers to low density bulky fabrics, as compared to flat, paper-like fabrics. High loft webs are characterized by a relatively high porosity. This means that there is a relatively high amount of void space in which superabsorbent polymer particles can be distributed. The high loft material (without the superabsorbent particles) may have a density at a pressure of 4.14kPa (0.6 psi) below 0.20 g / cm3, in particular ranging from 0.05 g / cm3 to 0.15 g / cm3. The high loft layer (without the superabsorbent particles) may have a density at a pressure of 2.07 kPa (0.3 psi) below 0.20 g / cm3, in particular ranging from 0.02 g / cm3 to 0.15 g / cm3. The high loft layer (without the superabsorbent particles) may have a density at a pressure of 0.83 kPa (0.12 psi) below 0.15 g / cm3, in particular ranging from 0.01 g / cm3 to 0.15 g / cm3, and a basis weight of from 15 to 500gsm, preferably from 30 to 200gsm, such as those described in US 2021 / 0361497Al. The absorbent material region (62) comprising high loft material encompassing superabsorbent polymers may also contain channels.
[0047] Referring to Figure 1, the elastic cover (40) may comprise curved leg elastics (65) for forming leg opening cuffs (64) along the leg openings, the outer cuffs being the same material forming the elastic cover (40) . In addition, the absorbent main body (38) may comprise inner leg cuffs (68) to provide gasketing around the leg openings, as discussed in further detail below.
[0048] Front and Back Elastic Belts
[0049] The front and back elastic belts (84, 86) of the article of the present invention act to dynamically create fitment forces and to distribute the forces dynamically generated during wear. The front and back elastic belts (84, 86) are joined with each other outside the side edges (89) to form side seams (32) , a waist opening and two leg openings. The elasticity around the leg opening may be provided by the leg opening elastics (65) provided along the shaped crotch region of the elastic cover (40) as in Figure 1.
[0050] The front elastic belt (84) and back elastic belt (86) are configured to impart elasticity in the transverse direction. Referring to Figures 2, 4A, 4B, 6A and 6B, the front elastic belt (84) and the back elastic belt (86) may each comprise a laminate, the laminate comprising a plurality of elastic members (96F, 96S) running in the transverse direction, an inner sheet (94) , an outer sheet (92) , and one or a plurality of outer sheet fold overs wherein the outer sheet fold over is an extension of the outer sheet material formed by folding the outer sheet material at the distal edge (88) of the front and back elastic belts or otherwise; wherein the belt elastic members (96F, 96S) are sandwiched between two of these sheets. The front elastic belt (84) and the back elastic belt (86) may each be made only by elastic members (96S) , the inner sheet (94) , the outer sheet (92) , and the outer sheet and inner sheet fold overs. At least some of the elastic members (96S) extend in the transverse direction substantially parallel to each other. All of the elastic members (96S) may extend in the transverse direction substantially parallel to each other. Such an article may be economically made. At least 10%, or at least from about 15%to not more than about 70%, of the front and back elastic belts (84, 86) from the waist opening in the longitudinal direction may be a laminate in active elasticity along the entire transverse dimension W1 of the front and back elastic belts (84, 86) . For each front and back elastic belt (84, 86) , the region overlapping the absorbent main body (38) may be removed of its elastic activity. Such region removed of elastic activity is referred herein as the “elastic cut window” , and the remainder of the intact elastic member capable of imparting elasticity is defined as the “effective length of elasticity of an elastic member” .
[0051] The tensile stress (N / m) of the entirety of the front and back elastic belts (84, 86) , respectively, may be profiled in order to provide the functional benefits of the present invention, such as ease of stretch and application, while also maintaining certain force during wear, to prevent the article from sagging after loading. When the elasticity of the front and back elastic belts (84, 86) are provided by a plurality of elastic members (96F, 96S) running in the transverse direction, the tensile stress may be adjusted by one or more of the following methods; 1) elongation rate of the elastic member (96F, 96S) ; 2) density (dtex) of the elastic member (96F, 96S) ; 3) longitudinal pitch of multiple elastic members (96F, 96S) ; and 4) effective length of elasticity of the elastic member (96F, 96S) in the transverse direction. By elongation, “0%elongation” is meant the original length of the elastic member.
[0052] Waist Guard Portion
[0053] Referring to Figures 2, 3, and 5, the front elastic belt (84) and the back elastic belt (86) may each be divided into multiple zones spanning in the transverse direction and defined by its location from the distal edge (88) to the proximal edge (90) relative to the percentage of the seam length LS wherein the distal edge (88) is considered 0%and the proximal edge (90) is considered 100%. The multiple zones may be configured to provide different functions to the front elastic belt (84) and the back elastic belt (86) , respectively, a waist zone (102) , a protective zone (103) , and a buttock zone (105) lined up from the distal edge (88) to the proximal edge (90) , each zone spanning in the transverse direction. Elastic members are disposed on each of the waist zone (102) , the main portion of the protective zone (103) , and the buttock zone (105) . In the absorbent article of the present invention, the protective zone (103) comprises a main portion and a front waist guard portion (WGP) superposed with each other, the waist guard portion (WGP) extending towards the crotch region from a transversely extending closed end line (103B) towards an open edge (103M) , wherein the waist guard portion (WGP) is partially bonded to the main portion to define a pair of closed side lines (103S) , wherein a pocket is formed by the closed end line (103B) , the closed side lines (103S) , and the open edge (103M) . A back waist guard portion WGP may also be provided on the back elastic belt (86) .
[0054] The ratio of the dimension of the closed end line of the pocket (WF3, WB3) to the dimension of the open edge of the pocket (WF4, WB4) may be from more than 0 to about 0.875, or from about 0.5 to about 0.8. In other words, the front pocket and optional back pocket of the present invention may take a shape wherein the dimension of the closed end line (WF3, WB3) is smaller than that of the open edge (WF4, WB4) . The shape of the pocket may be trapezoid, triangle, a portion of a circle, or a portion of an oval, so long as the overall shape of the pocket is tapered from the open edge (103M) toward the closed end line (103B) . Accordingly, the closed side lines (103S) may be a straight or curvilinear line converging to the longitudinal axis from the open edge (103M) toward the closed end line (103B) . Without being bound by theory, it is believed that such converging shape of the pocket is beneficial in reducing the bodily exudate accumulating at the vicinity of the side edges (48) of the absorbent main body (38) . Such guiding of bodily exudate away from the side edges (48) of the absorbent main body (38) thus prevents side leakage and further reduces liquid seeping through between the layers forming the absorbent main body (38) . The converging shape of the pocket is particularly useful for preventing leakage of low viscosity bodily exudates.
[0055] Referring to Figures 3 and 4A-4B, the front elastic belt (84) comprises a pocket. When the front elastic belt (84) has an area A1 and the front pocket has an area A2, A2 may be from about 1%to about 10%of A1, or from about 2%to about 6%of A1. When the front pocket takes the shape of a trapezoid as in Figure 3, the ratio of the transverse dimension of the front pocket at the closed end line WF3 to that of the front pocket at the open edge WF4 may be from about 0.5 to about 0.75, or from about 0.6 to about 0.7. Elastic members may be disposed on each of the waist zone (102) , the main portion of the protective zone (103) , and the buttock zone (105) . The front waist guard portion may be free of elasticity. In the front elastic belt (84) , the closed end line (103B) and the closed side lines (103S) may superpose the backsheet. In the front elastic belt (84) , WF4 / W1 may be from about 10%to about 45%, or from about 15%to about 25%.
[0056] The material for forming the waist guard portion WGP of the front pocket is formed by a first surface facing the wearer and a second surface facing the garment. The front pocket may be formed by a first layer facing the wearer and a second layer facing the garment. The collective material for forming the waist guard portion WGP of the front pocket may have a Strike Through Time of more than about 20seconds, or more than about 30seconds from the second surface to the first surface, according to the Liquid Strike Through Method herein. The Liquid Strike Through Method is for quantitatively measuring how many seconds (Strike Through Time) it takes for artificial urine to pass through a substrate in a given condition, as detailed in the measurement method below. The greater the Strike Through Time, the greater the capability of the substrate to prevent leakage of urine. The choice of material to be used for the front waist guard portion WGP may be selected according to the Strike Through Time, the tactile quality of the material, and otherwise.
[0057] Referring to Figures 5 and 6A-6B, the back elastic belt (86) may comprise a pocket. When the back elastic belt (86) has an area A1 and the back pocket has an area A3, A3 may be from about 5%to about 15%or from about 8%to about 12%of A1. When the back pocket takes the shape of a trapezoid as in Figure 5, the ratio of the transverse dimension of the back pocket at the closed end line WB3 to that of the transverse dimension of the back pocket at the open edge WB4 may be from about 0.4 to about 0.85, or from about 0.6 to about 0.8. The back waist guard portion may be imparted elasticity as explained in further detail below. In the back elastic belt (86) , the closed end line (103B) may superpose the backsheet, while some portions of the closed side lines (103S) may not superpose the backsheet for securing the area of the pocket A3. In the back elastic belt (86) , WB4 / W1 may be from about 15%to about 60%, or from about 35%to about 50%.
[0058] Whether on the front or back elastic belt (84, 86) , the protective zone (103) may be disposed within a location of from about 15%to about 80%of LS. The protective zone (103) may not extend the entire longitudinal dimension of from about 15%to about 80%of LS. The protective zone (103) may be disposed within a location of from about 20%to about 75%, or from about 30%to about 75%, or from about 30%to about 65%, or from about 35%to about 65%, of LS. The pocket may have a longitudinal dimension LP, wherein LP is from about 15%to about 45%, or from about 20%to about 40%of LS. Without being bound by theory, by providing the protective zone (103) in such position and dimension, the buttock cleavage or urinating point of a wearer is effectively covered by the waist guard portion WGP so that low viscosity exudate, such as runny fecal matter or urine, may be effectively drawn into the pocket.
[0059] Referring to Figures 3-6B, a suitable method of forming the waist guard portion WGP is explained. Referring to Figures 3-4B, the waist guard portion WGP may be made by the combination of an extension of the outer sheet (92) forming a first outer sheet fold over (92’) and an extension of the inner sheet (94) forming a first inner sheet fold over (94’) , which fold overs may be provided in approximately the same length, or the first outer sheet fold over (92’) may be slightly longer than the first inner sheet fold over (94’) . Referring to Figures 5-6B, the waist guard portion WGP may be made by an extension of the outer sheet (92) extending beyond the longitudinal dimension of the inner sheet (94) , which extension of the outer sheet (92) is folded inwardly 2 times to form a first outer sheet fold over (92’) and a second outer sheet fold over (92”) . While not shown, the waist guard portion WGP may be made by an extension of the inner sheet (94) folded inwardly 2 times. A certain longitudinal dimension of the folded overs as mentioned above (94’, 92”) is bonded to the remainder of the belt, such bonding shown as SWFA, however, leaving some longitudinal and transverse dimension unbonded. The position provided most distal of the unbonded region is the closed base line (103B) , and the proximal edge of folded over material is the open edge (103M) . The waist guard portion WGP is defined as having a longitudinal dimension spanning from the closed base line (103B) and the open edge (103M) and having a transverse dimension matching the width of the belt to which it is provided. The left and right transverse edges of the waist guard portion WGP are also bonded to the remainder of the belt, such bonding shown as SWFA to define a pair of side close lines (103S) . The unbonded region thus formed by the closed end line (103B) , the pair of closed side lines (103S) , and the open edge (103M) is the pocket (103P) .
[0060] Referring to Figures 3-4B, the waist guard portion WGP on the front elastic belt (84) may be made by the combination of a first outer sheet fold over (92’) and a first inner sheet fold over (94’) , wherein the pocket is formed by the bonding SWFA of the inner sheet (94) and the first inner sheet fold over (94’) . Such combination of extensions of the outer sheet (92) and inner sheet (94) materials may provide the front waist guard portion WGP to have effective urine leakage prevention. The waist guard portion WGP on the front elastic belt (84) may be devoid of elasticity.
[0061] Referring to Figures 5-6B, the waist guard portion WGP on the back elastic belt (84) may be made by the combination of the first outer sheet fold over (92’) and the second outer sheet fold over (92”) wherein the pocket is formed by bonding SWFA of the inner sheet (94) and the second outer sheet fold over (92”) . In this configuration, a first elastic member (96F) may be sandwiched between the first outer sheet fold over (92’) and the second outer sheet fold over (92”) . The first elastic member (96F) provides the waist guard elastic portion WGEP, wherein elasticity may be imparted by one or more elastic strands, elastic ribbons, mechanically activated nonwovens, or otherwise. The waist guard elastic portion WGEP (1031) is defined as having a longitudinal dimension LE spanning from the open edge (103M) to the distal edge of the first elastic member (96F) . When the first elastic member (96F) is a plurality of elastic strands, the distal edge of the waist guard elastic portion WGEP is the position of the elastic strand which is positioned most distal. There may be 2-10 elastic strands, or 2-5 elastic strands, or 2-8 elastic strands, or 3-4 elastic strands, or 3-8 elastic strands, or 4-6 elastic strands disposed on the waist guard elastic portion. LE is smaller than that of the waist guard portion WGP such that a pocket (103P) having containment capacity may be provided. LE may be no greater than about 40mm, or no greater than about 35mm, or no greater than about 30mm, or no greater than about 25mm, or from 15mm to about 40mm, or from about 10mm to about 35mm, or from about 10mm to about 25mm.
[0062] Referring to Figures 6A-6B, the main portion of the back elastic belt (86) superposing the waist guard elastic portion WGEP is defined a correlated portion CP. Namely, the correlated portion CP has the same longitudinal dimension (1031) as the waist guard elastic portion WGEP. The correlated portion CP may be elasticized or may not be elasticized, wherein the tensile stress of the waist guard elastic portion WGEP is higher than that of the correlated portion CP. The correlated portion CP may be elasticized wherein the tensile stress of the waist guard elastic portion WGEP is from about 125%to about 180%of the tensile stress of the correlated portion CP. Without being bound by theory, such tensile stress difference enables the waist guard elastic portion WGEP to be in close contact with the wearer, while pulling away the open edge (103M) from the correlated portion CP, thus opening the pocket (103P) towards the proximal side. Thus, the pocket (103P) is configured to have good containment capacity. The correlated portion CP may have an elastic cut window such that some portion is elasticized, while the transverse center does not interfere with the opening of the pocket (103P) . When the waist guard elastic portion WGEP is elasticized by disposing a plurality of elastic strands (96F) , the most proximately positioned elastic strand is disposed from no less than 2mm to 5mm away from the open edge (103M) . Placement of the elastic strand on the very edge of the open edge (103M) may be avoided in order to prevent the waist guard position WGP causing irritation to the wearer. The waist guard elastic portion WGEP may be disposed with a plurality of elastic strands (96F) with a relatively small pitch between each other. The elastic strands (96F) of the waist guard elastic portion WGEP may be disposed at a pitch of no more than about 12mm, or no more than about 10mm, or no more than about 6mm, or between about 2mm to about 8mm, or between about 3mm to about 9mm, or between about 2mm to about 6mm.
[0063] The elastic strands (96F) for providing the waist guard elastic portion WGEP may be provided in color such that the existence and function of the waist guard portion WGP is clearly communicated to the wearer or caregiver. At least 2 of the elastic strands for providing the waist guard elastic portion WGEP may have a color which is visible from the wearer-facing side of the article. The color may be selected from green, blue, purple, or a combination thereof, in order to be easily recognized, while not being confused with the color of containment. The same or similar color may be used for other elastic strands (96S) disposed on the belt to provide a coordinated appearance. For example, those elastic strands on the front waist zone (102) or the back waist zone (102) may have the same or similar color. Even when the front and / or back elastic belt (84, 86) comprises a waist guard portion WGP, the remainder of the respective front and / or back elastic belt (84, 86) , and particularly the garment facing surface of the front and / or back elastic belt (84, 86) , may be maintained in a simple structure. This enables the article to have other functions that are desired of a pant type absorbent article. For example, this enables having a disposal tape attached to the garment facing surface of the back elastic belt (86) , thus the absorbent article may be devoid of additional fastening means.
[0064] Referring to Figures 3 and 5, the absorbent main body (38) may further comprise a pair of inner cuffs (68) provided along the side edges (48) of the absorbent main body to provide a barrier along both side edges (48) of the absorbent main body (38) . The inner cuffs (68) may be made of cuff material having high fluid impermeability, and elasticized by a plurality of inner cuff elastics (68E) . Referring to Figure 3, the cuff material may completely wrap the side edges (48) of the absorbent main body and bonded (now shown) between the absorbent main body (38) and the elastic cover (40) .
[0065] The waist guard portion WGP may be configured in a certain way relative to the inner cuffs (68) to provide improved function. Referring to Figure 3, the inner cuffs (68) may be in active elasticity (68U) at the proximal edge of the front waist guard portion (103M) . By providing the inner cuff elastics (68E) in active elasticity (68U) in such position, the front waist guard WGP may be lifted from the topsheet (24) even when the front waist guard portion WGP is devoid of elasticity. Referring to Figure 5, the inner cuffs (68) may be in active elasticity at the proximal edge of the back waist guard portion (103M) . By providing the inner cuffs (68) in active elasticity in such position, the combined elasticity from the inner cuffs (68) and waist guard elastic portion WGEP may help hold the inner cuffs (68) and waist guard portion WGP in close contact with the wearer, and further provide additional containment capacity for the pocket (103P) .
[0066] The article of the present invention may be provided with the aforementioned waist guard portion WGP for preventing leakage of low viscosity bodily exudates from the waist opening, while maintaining good stretchability for ease of application, good fit for preventing sagging, good comfort and softness, and good breathability. The present article may have a Waist Circumference Force according to the Whole Article Force Measurement herein of no more than about 9N, or no more than about 8N.
[0067] Referring to Figure 3, the front elastic belt (84) may comprise an attachment free area (AFA) which is an area between the waist guard portion WGP and the main portion devoid of any attachment, for example, devoid of the second waist fold adhesive (SWFA) . A similar attachment free area (AFA) may also be provided on the back elastic belt (86) . The attachment free area (AFA) has a longitudinal dimension of at least about 6mm, or at least about 8mm and extending for the entire transverse dimension of the front and / or back belt (84, 86) . By providing such attachment free area (AFA) , this may provide a bulky and soft touch to the wearer-facing surface.
[0068] Liquid Strike Through Measurement
[0069] Liquid Strike Through Measurement is based on Edana Nonwoven Standard Procedures 2015 Edition 070.3. R0 (15) , Nonwoven Coverstock Liquid Strike-Through Time using Simulated Urine (pages 246 –255) . The elastic cover (40) to be tested (front or back) is removed from the absorbent main body (38) , and the waist guard portion WGP is removed from the main body portion using ice spray as need be. Placing the front / back pocket (103P) in the center in both the longitudinal and transverse directions, a square is cut out of the waist guard portion WGP using scissors. When there are elastic members included in the waist guard portion WGP, the portion including elastic members are avoided. The dimension of the square should be at least 25mm by 25mm, preferably greater in both directions. Regions outside the pocket may exist in the perimeters of the specimen, so long as a circle in diameter of 25mm of the pocket is included. The specimen thus obtained is flattened by hand, and mounted on the Strike-through plate such that the 25mm diameter circle at the center of the Strike-through plate is completely covered by the front / back pocket (103P) , wherein the second surface faces the Strike-through plate.
[0070] Start the test and record the Strike Through Time up to 0.01second. Strike Through Time beyond 60 seconds is not counted and reported “>60” . When there are tests beyond 60 seconds and those less than 60 seconds for the same sample, the average is obtained by considering “>60” as 60 seconds. Repeat the test for 5 specimens and calculate the average value.
[0071] Whole Article Force Measurement
[0072] Force is measured using an Electronic Tensile Tester with a computer interface such as the MTS Criterion C42 running TestWorks 4 Software (available from MTS SYSTEMS (CHINA) CO., LTD) or equivalent instrument. A load cell is selected so that force results for the samples tested will be between 10 and 90%of capacity of the load cell used. The instrument is calibrated according to the manufacturer’s instructions. All testing is performed in a room maintained at 23 ± 2 ℃ and 50 ± 5 %relative humidity.
[0073] The tensile tester is fitted with hanger-type sample holding fixtures (300) as shown in Figure 7. Each fixture comprises a rigid linear rubber-coated horizontal bar section (302) to prevent sample slippage during testing. The outer bar diameter (including the rubber coating) of the horizontal bar sections is 10.0 mm. The central axes of the horizontal bar sections (302) are configured to remain parallel and in the same vertical plane throughout the test procedure. The gauge circumference is determined by the following equation:
[0074] Gauge Circumference = 2 x (H + D + πD / 2)
[0075] where H is the vertical gap between the horizontal bar sections (302) , and D is the outer diameter of the bar.
[0076] The instrument is set up to go through the following steps:
[0077] An article (20) sample is inserted onto the upper horizontal bar section (302) so that the bar passes through the waist opening and one leg opening of the article. The crosshead is raised until the specimen hangs above the lower bar and does not touch lower bar (302) . The load cell is tared and the crosshead is lowered to enable the lower bar (302) to be inserted through the waist opening and other leg opening without stretching the article. The article is adjusted so that the longitudinal centerline LX of the article is in a horizontal plane halfway between the upper and lower bars (302) . The center of the side portion in contact with the bar (302) is situated on the same vertical axis as the instrument load cell. The crosshead is raised slowly while the article is held in place by hand as necessary until the force is between 0.05 and 0.1N, while taking care not to add any unnecessary force. The gauge circumference at this point is the Initial Gauge Circumference. The test is initiated and the crosshead moves up at 254 mm / min until a force of 19.6N is attained, then the crosshead immediately returns to the Initial Gauge Circumference at the same speed. The maximum circumference at 19.6N and the force at 70%of the maximum circumference during the loading segment and unloading segment of the test are recorded.
[0078] The maximum circumference at 19.6N is defined as the Full Stretch Circumference (mm) . The Full Stretch Circumference (mm) × 0.7 is defined as the 70%Stretch Circumference. The Waist Circumference Force is defined as the force at 70%stretch circumference during the load (extension) segment of the test. Five samples are analyzed and their average are calculated and reported to the nearest 0.01N, respectively.
[0079] Belt Zone Tensile Stress Measurement
[0080] The tensile stress (N / m) is calculated by tensile force (N) divided by the specimen width (m) . Force may be measured using an Electronic Tensile Tester with a computer interface such as the MTS Criterion C42 running TestWorks 4 Software (available from MTS SYSTEMS (CHINA) CO., LTD) or equivalent instrument. A load cell is chosen so that force results for the samples tested will be between 10%and 90%of capacity of the load cell. The instrument is calibrated according to the manufacturer’s instructions. All testing is performed in a room maintained at 23 ± 2 ℃ and 50 ± 5 %relative humidity. The instrument is equipped with single line contact grips at least as wide as the test specimen.
[0081] To obtain test specimens, the sample article is cut open along the side seams (32) , and the elastic cover (40) or the front and belt regions (26, 28) are removed from the absorbent main body (38) by separating the bonding between them, and further the waist guard portion WGP is separated from the belt to which it is attached. Cold Spray may be used, paying attention not to make wrinkles in the belt sections. Care is taken not to spray on any belt elastic member (96F, 96S) . The obtained elastic belt samples are severed into zones (102, 103, 1031-WGEP, 1031-CP, 105) according to the present invention with care not to cut any elastic member (96F, 96S) . Samples are pre-conditioned at 23 ℃ ± 2 C° and 50%± 5%relative humidity for two hours prior to testing.
[0082] The instrument is set up to go through the following steps. Initial Gauge Length is calculated from the Initial Gauge Circumference which is determined during the Whole Article Force Test using separate identical articles, as described above. Initial Gauge Length = 0.5 × Initial Gauge Circumference. The final gauge length is calculated from the Full Stretch Circumference which is determined during the Whole Article Force Test, as described above.
[0083] One end of the specimen is clamped into the upper clamp and the load is tared. The other end of the specimen is clamped into the lower clamp. Approximately 5 mm of each end of the specimen is behind the contact line of the grip. The test is started and the specimen is extended to the final gauge length at a crosshead speed of 254 mm / min, then immediately returned to the original gauge length at the same speed. The specimen is extended in the article transverse direction during the test. The unload force at 70%of the Final Gauge Length during the unload segments of the test is recorded.
[0084] Five articles are analyzed and the unload forces are recorded for each of the zones. The average tensile force (N) is calculated to the nearest 0.01 N for each. The tensile stress for each zone is calculated by the average tensile force (N) divided by the average specimen width (m) and reported to the nearest 0.1 N / m.
[0085] Linear Dimension Measurements and Area Calculations
[0086] To obtain a sample for this measurement, the side seams (32) of an article are opened, and the garment-facing side of the entire article is attached on surface of a non-transparent backboard by hook material, or double side tape material. The backboard should be large enough to support the entire area of the article. When attaching, any elastics are stretched to its “maximum stretched state” wherein the following conditions a) –c) are met, unless any material failure is observed.
[0087] a) The side seams are straight.
[0088] b) There are no wrinkles on the absorbent main body or the front / back elastic belts.
[0089] c) The left part and right part of the article in view of the longitudinal axis are symmetrical.
[0090] For most articles, the front and back elastic belt regions may be stretched up to the Full Stretch Circumference at 19.6N as measured under the “Whole Article Force Measurement” above, for meeting the conditions above. In case any material failure is observed prior to reaching a level of stretch wherein the above conditions are met, then the point of maximum stretch at which the material is yet to fail is considered the “maximum stretched state” . Material failure may include decomposing of nonwoven material, breaking of elastic strands, or the like.
[0091] What is measured is the following dimensions of the sample, wherein some of the dimensions are measured differently depending on the contour of the article. Figures 2, 3, and 5 are representative article contours for explaining how the dimensions are measured, and not intended to be an exhaustive list of article contours of the present invention. The linear dimensions are reported to the nearest 1mm. The area calculations are reported to the nearest 1mm2. Five samples are measured and their average are obtained.
[0092] W1: transverse dimension of the front or back elastic belt
[0093] W2: maximum transverse dimension of the absorbent main body
[0094] WF3: transverse dimension of the front pocket at the closed end line
[0095] WF4: transverse dimension of the front pocket at the open edge
[0096] WB3: transverse dimension of the back pocket at the closed end line
[0097] WB4: transverse dimension of the back pocket at the open edge
[0098] W5: minimum transverse dimension of the elastic cover
[0099] LS: longitudinal dimension of the side seam
[0100] LP: longitudinal dimension of the pocket
[0101] LE: longitudinal dimension of the waist guard elastic portion
[0102] A1: W1 × LS
[0103] A2: (WF3 + WF4) ÷2 × LP
[0104] A3: (WB3 + WB4) ÷2 × LP
[0105] EXAMPLE
[0106] Front Pocket Nonwoven Examples
[0107] Nonwovens or combinations of nonwovens were subject to the Liquid Strike Through Measurement herein, the results are provided in Table 1 below.
[0108] Table 1
[0109] From these results, Examples 1-5 are suitable for providing the waist guard portion forming the front pocket of the present invention.
[0110] Article Examples 1 and 2
[0111] Unibody-type pant absorbent article of the present invention in Size 4 (L size) having an elastic profiling of the front and back elastic belts according to Table 2 below. The protective zone comprising the waist guard portion WGP was positioned at from 39%to 65%of LS on the front and back elastic belts. The waist guard elastic portion WGEP was positioned at from 52%to 61%of LS on the back elastic belt and had 3 elastic strands. The 2 elastic strands on the correlated portion CP had an elastic cut window.
[0112] Article Comparative Example 1
[0113] Unibody-type pant absorbent article in Size 4 (L size) sold by the tradename of “Pampers Heijin Overnight Pants” manufactured for the Chinese market and available on the market August 2024. The back elastic belt and absorbent main body had a very similar size, structure, and elastic profiling as Example 1. The front elastic belt is the same size as Example 1 while being devoid of a waist guard portion WGP and having an elastic profiling of the front elastic belt according to Table 2 below in corresponding positions.
[0114] Example 1, 2, and Comparative Example 1 provide good fit, comfort during wear, and softness. Compared to Comparative Example 1, Example 1 provides good protection against leakage of urine from the waist opening on the front side. Example 1 may be manufactured at substantially the same speed as manufacturing Comparative Example 1, and at an upcharge of material cost of no more than about 5%.
[0115] The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm. ”
[0116] Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
[0117] While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
Claims
An absorbent article having a longitudinal direction, a transverse direction, a pair of side seams, and a pair of leg openings, comprising:a front elastic belt transversely extending between the pair of side seams;a back elastic belt transversely extending between the pair of side seams;a crotch region longitudinally extending between the front and back elastic belts; andan absorbent main body extending the entire longitudinal dimension of the crotch region and further extending partly into each of the front elastic belt and the back elastic belt, the absorbent main body comprising a liquid pervious topsheet, a liquid impervious backsheet, and an absorbent material region sandwiched therebetween, the absorbent main body having a maximum transverse dimension W2 which is from about 22%to about 50%of a transverse dimension of the front elastic belt W1;the front belt divided into a waist zone, a protective zone, and a buttock zone lined up from the distal edge to the proximal edge, each zone spanning in the transverse direction and defined by its location from the distal edge to the proximal edge relative to the percentage of a longitudinal dimension LS of the side seam, wherein elastic members are disposed on each of the waist zone, the protective zone, and the buttock zone,the protective zone comprising a main portion and a waist guard portion superposed with each other, the waist guard portion extending towards the crotch region from a transversely extending closed end line towards an open edge, wherein the waist guard portion is partially bonded to the main portion to define a pair of closed side lines, wherein a front pocket is formed by the closed end line, the pair of closed side lines, and the open edge, the front pocket having an area A2 of from about 1%to about 10%, preferably from about 2%to about 6%of the front elastic belt having an area A1; and the closed end line and the closed side lines superpose the backsheet.The absorbent article of claim 1 wherein the front waist guard portion is free of elasticity.The absorbent article of claim 1 or 2 wherein the absorbent main body comprises a pair of inner cuffs disposed along both transverse edges extending in the longitudinal direction and superposing the topsheet, wherein the inner cuffs extend transversely from the topsheet toward the longitudinal axis to form a free edge, wherein the inner cuffs comprise an elastically active region extending longitudinally along the free edge; wherein the elastically active regions of the inner cuffs superposes the front pocket.The absorbent article of any of the preceding claims wherein the waist guard portion of the front pocket is formed by a first surface facing the wearer and a second surface facing the garment, wherein the waist guard portion has a Strike Through Time of more than about 20seconds, preferably more than about 30seconds from the second surface to the first surface, according to the Liquid Strike Through Measurement herein.The absorbent article of any of the preceding claims wherein the closed side lines superpose the backsheet.The absorbent article of any of the preceding claims wherein the front pocket at the open edge has a transverse dimension WF4, wherein WF4 / W1 is from about 10%to about 45%, preferably from about 15%to about 25%.The absorbent article of any of the preceding claims wherein when the distal edge of the side seam is considered 0%and the proximal edge of the side seam is considered 100%, the protective zone is disposed within a location of from about 30%to about 70%, preferably from about 40%to about 60%of LS.The absorbent article of claim 7 wherein the front pocket has a longitudinal dimension LP, wherein LP is from about 10%to about 30%, preferably from about 20%to about 30%of LS.The absorbent article of any of the preceding claims wherein the back belt is divided into a waist zone, a protective zone, and a buttock zone lined up from the distal edge to the proximal edge, each zone spanning in the transverse direction and defined by its location from the distal edge to the proximal edge relative to the percentage of a longitudinal dimension LS of the side seam, wherein elastic members are disposed on each of the waist zone, the protective zone, and the buttock zone,the protective zone comprising a main portion and a waist guard portion superposed with each other, the waist guard portion extending towards the crotch region from a transversely extending closed end line towards an open edge, wherein the waist guard portion is partially bonded to the main portion to define a pair of closed side lines, wherein a back pocket is formed by the closed end line, the pair of closed side lines, and the open edge.The absorbent article of claim 9 wherein the back pocket at the open edge has a transverse dimension WB4, wherein WB4 / W1 is from about 15%to about 60%, preferably from about 35%to about 50%.The absorbent article of claim 9 or 10 wherein the location of the protective zone on the front elastic belt and that of the back elastic belt relative to LS is matched.
Citation Information
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