An on-site treatment system and method for enhanced organic matter degradation in fresh faecal matter

Abstract

The present invention relates to a bio-augmented on-site treatment system designed for enhanced degradation of organic matter in fresh faecal matter. It utilizes a microbial consortium consisting primarily of hydrolytic bacteria and methanogenic archaea, in combination with a specialized mixing mechanism and structural components. These elements work synergistically to accelerate the stabilization of organic content. The system is particularly useful in areas without septic tanks or where undulating topography makes centralized treatment systems impractical. It offers an efficient and sustainable solution for waste management by facilitating on-site treatment and reducing environmental impact.

Description

[0001] PT / 2025 / 14824

[0002] AN ON-SITE TREATMENT SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ENHANCED ORGANIC MATTER DEGRADATION IN FRESH FAECAL MATTER

[0003] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0004] The present invention relates to an on-site treatment system and method for enhanced organic matter degradation in fresh faecal matter. In particular, the present invention relates to a treatment system for freshly generated household fecal matter, designed to have low energy consumption, a minimal spatial footprint, and enhanced waste treatment efficiency. This system is particularly applicable in regions like India, where only 38% of liquid waste is treated, and the development of centralized treatment facilities is limited. The invented system's compact design and high efficiency offers a practical solution for addressing the urgent need for effective on-site sanitation systems, which highly adaptable, making it suitable for a wide range of applications, including residential apartments, commercial establishments, and regions with challenging topography. It shall help attain the 6thsustainable development goal of 'clean water and sanitation'.

[0005] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART

[0006] India's rapid population growth and urbanization processes underscore the critical need to address the treatment of septage and faecal sludge for national hygiene and safety. The lack of extensive research on faecal sludge treatment makes it imperative to explore effective methods for its treatment. In urban areas of India, around 35% of the population relies on septic tank systems, but only 20% comply with BIS standards. Inadequate management of faecal sludge has been identified as a significant contributor to over 80% of waterborne diseases in India. Hence, there is a pressing need to implement proper management and treatment practices for FS.

[0007] In many regions, especially those with limited sanitation infrastructure, the decomposition of organic matter in fecal waste presents significant challenges. Traditional methods are not efficient in rapid degradation of organic matter, leading to environmental pollution, health hazards, and inadequate waste treatment. A number of studies have interpreted about the use of microorganisms in degrading the organic matter in various substrates. PT / 2025 / 14824

[0008] Reference may be made to Meghvansi, M. K., & Goel, A. K. (Eds.). (2022). Anaerobic Biodigesters for Human Waste Treatment. Springer. (Chapter 1 and Chapter 13) wherein the treatment of wastewater to promote the degradation of biodegradable organic matter into inert material is demonstrated. It also describes the anaerobic digestion and methanation process which uses multiple microorganisms for breaking down of organic matter. However, this method focuses primarily on wastewater treatment and does not address the specific challenges posed by faecal sludge in a residential or urban context.

[0009] Reference may be made to Shin, S. G., et al. (2010). A comprehensive microbial insight into two-stage anaerobic digestion of food waste-recycling wastewater. Water research, 44(17), 4838-4849; which discloses the importance of anaerobic digestion as an effective method in treating pollutants and also in the production of biogas. Previous reports have demonstrated that food wastes are desirable substrates for anaerobic digesters. However, this reference centers on food waste and may not be directly applicable to the unique characteristics of faecal sludge, particularly in the context of high-strength organic content.

[0010] Reference may be made to Sarkar, P., Meghvanshi, M., & Singh, R. (2011). Microbial Consortium: A New Approach in Effective Degradation of Organic Kitchen Wastes. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 2(3), 170, which discloses the development of microbial consortium for degradation of organic kitchen waste. Through mutual interaction, bacillus species can establish a stable micro-ecology system that accelerates the breakdown of organic materials, matures kitchen waste, and lowers reaction- related toxins. However, this approach is specific to kitchen waste and does not address the broader range of organic materials and varying conditions found in faecal sludge.

[0011] Reference may be made to Shah, T. A., et al. (2022). Whole cell of pure Clostridium butyricum CBT-1 from anaerobic bioreactor effectively hydrolyses agro-food waste into biohydrogen. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(2), 4853-4865, which discloses the separation of pure anaerobic culture capable of producing bio hydrogen and hydrolyzing various type of biomass. However, this technique is focused on bio hydrogen production rather than comprehensive treatment and stabilization of faecal sludge. PT / 2025 / 14824

[0012] Reference may be made to the patent CN113337429A which provides a microbial inoculum for the degradation / breakdown of organic matter from kitchen waste, which in turn provides a solution for incomplete conversion of organic matter and low methane yield. However, it is tailored to kitchen waste and may not effectively address the unique treatment challenges of faecal sludge, especially in the context of high-strength organic content and varying waste characteristics.

[0013] Reference may be made to the patent application no. US 20190375664A1 which discloses a method of processing municipal solid waste (MSW) that consists of delivering an unsorted MSW stream to a microbial fermentation reactor, where it is fermented with agitation at a temperature of 35°C to 75°C and non-water content between 10 and 50% by weight for a duration of 1 to 72 hours, under conditions sufficient to maintain a concentration of live lactic acid bacteria; and removing a stream of fermented unsorted MSW from the reactor and putting it through a separation step where non-degradable solids are removed to produce a slurry of biodegradable components. However, this method is designed for municipal solid waste and may not be as effective for the specific needs of faecal sludge treatment, which has different characteristics and treatment requirements.

[0014] Reference may be made to the patent TW466135B disclosing a device that uses microorganisms to treat food waste. A number of individuals utilize microorganisms as a food waste treatment device to decompose food waste. Aeration and agitation are aided by the processing device's stirring device, which is a stirring wing inside the processing tank. However, it is focused on food waste and lacks adaptability for the treatment of faecal sludge, which has different physical and chemical properties.

[0015] Reference may be made to CN111392863A which reveals an innovative sewage and kitchen waste treatment technique. The steps in the procedure are as follows: (i) handles and separates solid waste; (ii) performs anaerobic treatment; and (iii) conducts aerobic treatment. The majority of organic pollutants in water can be greatly adsorbed, reducing the concentration of the pollutants. Anaerobic microorganisms can hydrolyze the macromolecular insoluble substances in sewage and convert them into micro molecular soluble substances. Meanwhile, aerobic microorganisms combine with one another to form a biological membrane with a large surface area and high concentration during the growth PT / 2025 / 14824 and propagation process on the filler. However, the process described may not be optimized for high-strength faecal sludge or adaptable to the varying operational requirements of different applications. Further, this system is specialized for certain industries and may not be directly applicable to the broader and varied needs of faecal sludge treatment in residential and urban settings. Also, this method focuses on ultrasonic technology for dissolving organic wastes and may not be tailored to the specific challenges of faecal sludge treatment.

[0016] The prior art documents disclose the use of microorganisms for aiding the breakdown of organic matter and Agitators / Reactors for the purpose of mixing the inoculum with the substrate (faecal matter). However, none of them either alone or in combination recite the use of an inoculum comprising nine microorganisms for the breakdown of organic waste matter.

[0017] Accordingly, keeping in view the drawbacks of the hitherto reported prior art, the inventors of the instant invention recognized that there is an urgent need for providing a solution in the form of an onsite faecal treatment system, which requires very less energy, directly considers the treatment of the fresh faecal matter as and when defecated, is designed with a compact footprint as it fits well in vertical dimensions also, while requiring minimal space for installation and can be easily deployed with minimal civil work at the site; is suitable for coastal areas, with less retention time and reduces odor problems, thereby offering a practical and efficient solution to organic matter degradation in fresh faecal matter at various locations.

[0018] OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

[0019] The main objective of the present invention is therefore to provide a system and method for onsite faecal matter treatment, specifically designed to enhance the degradation of organic matter in fresh faecal matter, which obviates the limitations of the hitherto known prior art.

[0020] A further objective of the present invention is to provide a system which is modular, scalable, with low foot print and energy requirement for operation.

[0021] Still another objective of the present invention is to provide a system for onsite treatment of fresh faecal matter that can operate in residential apartments and areas with unsuitable topography for centralized sewerage system. PT / 2025 / 14824

[0022] Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a system wherein simultaneous attached and suspended microbial growth treats the fresh faecal matter.

[0023] Still another objective of the present invention is to provide the system which uses food waste digested slurry as active microbial community (Bio-augmentation).

[0024] Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a system with low build-up of faecal sludge.

[0025] A further objective of the present invention is to recover valuable resources like biogas that are generated by the developed system while onsite faecal matter degradation.

[0026] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0027] The present invention relates to a system and method for treating fresh faecal matter, and to discharge low strength faecal matter further down the flow line. The system includes integrated mixing mechanism, blades with rough surface and particular positioning, tank with internal rough surface for anaerobic treatment of faecal matter. More specifically, the system will be useful for onsite treatment of fresh faecal matter (decentralized treatment system), especially where sewerage connections are not available. This system will find application for small residential establishments, apartments, houses in hilly regions, residential areas in undulated topography and settlements where there is no centralized treatment system (Figure 1).

[0028] In an embodiment, the present invention provides a system powered by a motorwith a power range between 0.186 kW and 0.745 kW, and an RPM range of 200 to 3600 (6) (Figure 2). This motor is integral to the mixing process within the treatment unit, ensuring that organic matter is evenly distributed throughout the system. This even distribution is crucial for achieving efficient treatment and preventing the development of dead zones.

[0029] In another embodiment, the present invention features an anchor rod (1) in figure 2 of length 0.5-1.2m that is securely embedded within the treatment unit (Figure 2). This rod provides essential stability and support for the mixing apparatus, ensuring that all components remain properly aligned and function effectively during the operation of the system. PT / 2025 / 14824

[0030] In still another embodiment, the present invention provides stainless steel mixing blades, with diameters ranging from 177 mm to 400 mm (Figure 3). These blades are arranged in perpendicular directions to maximize mixing efficiency. The blades are also coated with a coarse material that supports the attached growth process, facilitating the attachment and proliferation of microorganisms necessary for the anaerobic degradation of organic matter.

[0031] In another embodiment, the present invention offers a system where the entire unit is constructed from fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (Figure 2). These materials are chosen for their durability and resistance to corrosion. Furthermore, the internal surface of the tank is lined with a rough material that acts as media for attached growth, creating an ideal environment for microorganisms to adhere and proliferate, thus enhancing the biological treatment processes within the unit. The system incorporates a highly active microbial consortium, sourced from the digested slurry of a food waste digester, which is introduced into the system to enhance the breakdown of organic matter.

[0032] In still another embodiment, the present invention provides a system where fresh faecal matter (pH ~7.2, ambient temperature) is introduced via an inlet valve designed as a feed check valve, preventing backflow and ensuring unidirectional input to the treatment system. Upon entry, the faecal matter undergoes septicity, initiating the evolution of a microbial community within the system. The system includes a mixing mechanism equipped with blades featuring a rough surface, which promotes the development of attached microbial growth (figure 2). This attached microbial community further accelerates the degradation of organic matter. Thus the simultaneous attached and suspended growth process along with mixing mechanism and microbial consortia acts synergistically to enhance organic matter degradation.

[0033] To prevent the bypassing of faecal solids, the mixing mechanism operates during non-peak hours. Additionally, the internal surface of the tank is roughened to offer an increased surface area for microbial attachment and growth. The mixing mechanism, equipped with stainless steel blades coated with a coarse material, facilitates effective sludge mixing and promotes the attached growth process. The mixing process is controlled by adjusting the rotational speed of the agitator, measured in revolutions per minute (RPM), to ensure uniform distribution of microorganisms throughout the substrate. PT / 2025 / 14824

[0034] The internal rough surfaces of the tank serve as additional sites for attached microbial growth, enhancing the degradation of organic matter. The primary objective of the treatment process is the conversion of faecal solids into biogas while minimizing sludge production. To facilitate this, a foul gas vent and a sludge discharge outlet with a hopper bottom are provided. The treatment process spans a duration of 7 to 15 days, during which the microbial community acts upon the organic substrate, leading to the degradation of organic matter and a reduction in COD levels.

[0035] In a further embodiment, the present invention incorporates a strategically positioned baffle wall within the treatment unit (9) in figure 2. This baffle wall is designed to prevent the overflow of faecal solids and to maintain efficient flow dynamics. By retaining solids within the treatment zone for an adequate period, this component enhances the system's overall processing efficiency. It is strategically positioned within the unit to prevent short-circuiting of faecal solids and to direct the flow of treated water towards discharge.

[0036] In another embodiment, the present invention includes both inlet and outlet valves for managing the flow of faecal matter into and out of the unit (figure 2). The inlet valve is equipped with a check valve to ensure unidirectional flow, preventing backflow and maintaining consistent system operation. The fresh faecal matter, following introduction into the system through a feed check valve (2-3 inches in diameter), initially settles within the treatment unit. A sludge opening is provided for periodic desludging, and a foul gas vent allows for the release of gases generated during treatment. The outlet valve is designed to allow controlled discharge of treated effluent, thereby sustaining a steady and balanced treatment process.

[0037] In a further embodiment, the present invention integrates a foul gas vent within the system (figure 2). This vent serves to release gases generated during the treatment process, helping to mitigate odours and promote a healthier and more environmentally friendly operation. In another embodiment, the present invention features a sludge hopper positioned at the bottom of the treatment unit (figure 2). This component is essential for the efficient removal of accumulated sludge, ensuring that the system operates at optimal performance levels by preventing sludge buildup that could impair the treatment process. PT / 2025 / 14824

[0038] The duration of the treatment process spans from 7 to 15 days, during which the microbial consortium acts upon the organic substrate, resulting in the degradation of organic matter and reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels. The system achieves a COD reduction of about 85% in the faecal matter, while simultaneously recovering (biogas) from the organic-rich faecal matter with a foot print of ~0.0125 sq ft / litre of homogeneous faecal sludge.

[0039] In another embodiment, the present invention provides an on-site treatment system for enhanced organic matter degradation in fresh faecal matter, wherein the said system comprising:

[0040] (a) an AC motor (6, fig 2) of 0.186 kW to 0.745 kW powering the unit, the RPM of the motor being in the range of 200 to 3600 driving the mixing process and ensuring even distribution of organic matter and microbial community within the treatment unit;

[0041] (b) an anchor rod (1, fig 1), securely embedded within the unit, providing stability and support for the mixing blades;

[0042] (c) agitator blades (3, fig 2) made with stainless steel having diameter in the range of 177mm to 400mm arranged in mutually perpendicular directions for efficient mixing, wherein the surface of blades being coated with a coarse material;

[0043] (d) a baffle (9, fig 2), strategically placed within the unit, to prevent overflow of faecal solids and maintain efficient flow dynamics;

[0044] (e) inlet (4, fig 2) and outlet (8, fig 2) valves being integral components of the system, regulating the entry and exit of faecal matter;

[0045] (f) a foul gas collection vent (7, fig 2) incorporated into the system for the release of unwanted gases generated during the treatment process;

[0046] (g) a sludge outlet (10, fig 2) located at the bottom for the proper removal of sludge.

[0047] In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a system, wherein the inlet valve is 2-3 inches in diameter. PT / 2025 / 14824

[0048] In still another embodiment, the present invention provides a system, constructed from materials selected from Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) or Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), with a capacity ranging from 100 to 1000 litres per day.

[0049] In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a system, wherein it achieves a COD reduction of about 85% in the faecal matter, while simultaneously recovering (biogas) from the organic-rich faecal matter.

[0050] In still another embodiment, the present invention provides a system, having foot print of ~0.0125 sq ft / litre of homogeneous faecal sludge.

[0051] In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a process for the on-site treatment and organic matter degradation in fresh faecal matter using the aforesaid developed system, wherein the steps comprising:

[0052] (i) introducing fresh faecal matter into the system through the inlet valve (4, fig 2), and allowing to settle;

[0053] (ii) adding a highly active microbial consortium, sourced from the digested slurry of a food waste digester, into the system of step (i) to enhance the breakdown of organic matter;

[0054] (iii) mixing the faecal matter with the active microbial consortium of step (ii) with stainless steel blades coated with a coarse material to facilitates effective sludge mixing;

[0055] (iv) periodic desludging through the sludge opening and a foul gas vent allowing for the release of gases generated during treatment;

[0056] (v) optionally, roughening the internal surface of the tank to offer an creased surface area for microbial attachment and growth for enhanced organic matter degradation.

[0057] In still another embodiment, the present invention provides a process wherein the mixing process is controlled by adjusting the rotational speed of the agitator, measured in revolutions per minute (RPM), to ensure uniform distribution of microorganisms throughout the substrate. PT / 2025 / 14824

[0058] In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a process wherein simultaneous attached and suspended growth process along with mixing mechanism and microbial consortia act synergistically to enhance organic matter degradation.

[0059] In still another embodiment, the present invention provides a process wherein the duration of the treatment process spans from 7 to 15 days, during which the microbial consortium acts upon the organic substrate, resulting in the degradation of organic matter and reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels.

[0060] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS

[0061] In the drawings accompanying the specification;

[0062] Figure 1 illustrates the schematic representation of treatment system showing the overall setup of the unit.

[0063] Figure 2 illustrates the plan and cross-sectional view of the treatment unit along with the representation of each component used in the system as follows

[0064] 1. Anchor rod

[0065] 2. Coarse Media

[0066] 3. Agitator Blade

[0067] 4. Inlet

[0068] 5. Supporting Stand

[0069] 6. AC Motor

[0070] 7. Gas Collection Vent

[0071] 8. Clear water Outlet

[0072] 9. Baffle

[0073] 10. Sludge Outlet

[0074] Figure 3 illustrates the schematic representation of mixing blades used in the treatment system.

[0075] Figure 4 illustrates the schematic representation of baffle wall used in the system.

[0076] DETAILS OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES USED IN THE INVENTION PT / 2025 / 14824

[0077] The present invention features an enriched microbial system, a self-adapted mixed culture predominantly composed of Bacteria, Archaea, Protozoa, and Micro-Metazoans. This microbial system has been cultivated from ACTIVATED SLUDGE sourced from the food waste digester installed at CSIR-NIIST, Industrial Estate P.O, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019. No specific / individual microbes per se were isolated or used for the instant invention.

[0078] The present invention discloses self-adapted microbial systems specifically designed to catalyze the treatment and removal of organic matter in the sample.

[0079] The microbial community abundantly present in the system includes Brooklawnia cerclae, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium celatum, Clostridium quinii, Kosmotoga mrcj, Methanosarcina mazei, Methanosphaerula palustris, Petrimonas sulfuriphila, and Proteiniphilum acetatigenes.

[0080] It is conveyed that the aforementioned species were not specifically isolated and introduced in the system, rather these were the abundant species found when microbial diversity analysis was carried out.

[0081] The process begins with an initial inoculum (enrichment culture), but these microbial systems gradually adapt and optimize themselves to the specific conditions they encounter a process we refer to as 'Engineered Natural Selection.' As the invention specifically targets fresh faecal sludge which is loaded with nutrients, the resulting microbial ecology evolved is specific to the system and highly diverse. Due to the nature of this evolving consortium, it is not feasible to submit it to any microbial repository.

[0082] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0083] The present invention discloses self-adapted microbial systems specifically designed to catalyse the treatment and removal of organic matter in the sample. The microbial community abundantly present in the system includes Brooklawnia cerclae, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium celatum, Clostridium quinii, Kosmotoga mrcj, Methanosarcina mazei, Methanosphaerula palustris, Petrimonas sulfuriphila, and Proteiniphilum acetatigenes. It is conveyed that the mentioned species were not specifically isolated and introduced in the system, rather these were the abundant species found when microbial diversity analysis was PT / 2025 / 14824 carried out. The system begins with an initial inoculum (enrichment culture), but these microbial systems gradually adapt and optimize themselves to the specific conditions they encounter a process we referto as 'Engineered Natural Selection.' As the invention specifically targets fresh faecal sludge which is loaded with nutrients, the resulting microbial ecology evolved is specific to the system and highly diverse. Due to the nature of this evolving consortium, it is not feasible to submit it to any microbial repository.

[0084] The source of the culture (sludge) used for the system is mentioned below:

[0085] The present invention features an enriched microbial system, a self-adapted mixed culture predominantly composed of Bacteria, Archaea, Protozoa, and Micro-Metazoans. This microbial system has been cultivated from activated sludge sourced from the food waste digester installed by CSIR-NIIST, Kerala, India.

[0086] The system is designed to efficiently treat high-strength faecal matter with COD levels ranging from 500 to 3000 mg / L. This system is composed of several key components, each playing a crucial role in the treatment process to ensure optimal reduction of organic matter.

[0087] The treatment process begins with the initial settling of sludge, during which the sludge enters an anoxic state. Peak operational times for the system are identified as morning hours from 6:00 am to 10:00 am and evening hours from 5:00 pm to 7:00 pm. During these peak hours, the system focuses on allowing the sludge to settle and undergo anoxic conditions. During non-peak hours, a mixing mechanism is activated to circulate the settled sludge, promoting interaction with the active microbial community present in the system and enhancing the overall treatment efficiency.

[0088] A key innovation in this system is the introduction of food waste digested slurry, which significantly contributes to the generation and proliferation of a robust microbial community within the treatment unit. This microbial community plays a critical role in the degradation of organic matter, leading to a substantial reduction in COD levels.

[0089] Fresh faecal matter (pH ~7.2, ambient temperature) is introduced into the system through an inlet valve, designed as a feed check valve to allow the entry of faecal matter while preventing any backflow. Upon entry, the faecal matter begins to undergo septicity, initiating the PT / 2025 / 14824 evolution of the microbial community. The mixing mechanism, equipped with blades featuring a rough surface, facilitates the development of attached microbial growth, which further accelerates the degradation of organic matter.

[0090] The mixing mechanism operates during non-peak hours to prevent the bypassing of faecal solids and ensure optimal contact between the sludge and the microbial community. Additionally, the internal rough surface of the tank provides an attachment site for microbial growth, further enhancing the degradation process.

[0091] During the degradation of organic matter within the system, the release of gases is a natural byproduct of the treatment process. To manage this, the system is equipped with a foul gas vent specifically designed to safely release these and collect gases. The system also includes a sludge discharge outlet connected to a hopper-bottomed tank, which facilitates the efficient removal of digested sludge. This design ensures that both gaseous byproducts and solid residues are effectively managed, maintaining the overall efficiency and cleanliness of the treatment process.

[0092] The duration of the treatment process typically ranges from 7 to 15 days, during which the microbial community continuously acts upon the organic substrate, leading to significant degradation of organic matter and a reduction in COD levels. The system is capable of achieving upto 85% reduction in COD after the complete treatment of faecal matter, ensuring that the effluent meets the required discharge standards.

[0093] The system is constructed from materials such as Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) or Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), with a capacity ranging from 100 to 1000 litres per day. The internal surfaces of the tank are lined with coarse material to support the attached growth process.

[0094] The key components of the system and their details are mentioned below: i. An AC motor (6, fig 2) with 0.186 kW- 0.745kW powers the mechanism, the RPM of the motor being in the range of 200-3600 driving the mixing process and ensuring the even distribution of organic matter and microbial community within the treatment unit. ii. An anchor rod (1, fig 1), securely embedded within the unit, providing stability and support for the mixing blades. PT / 2025 / 14824 iii. Agitator Blades (3, fig 2) made with stainless steel are having diameter in the range of 177mm-400mm which is arranged in mutually perpendicular directions for efficient mixing. The surface of blade being coated with a coarse material for the attached growth process. These specialized blades being designed to facilitate anaerobic microbial processes, promoting the attachment and growth of microorganisms. This aids in the degradation of organic matter without causing overflow, ensuring thorough mixing throughout the treatment process. iv. A baffle (9, fig 2), strategically placed within the unit, to prevent overflow of faecal solids and maintain efficient flow dynamics. v. Inlet (4, fig 2) and outlet (8, fig 2) valves being integral components of the system, regulating the entry and exit of faecal matter. These valves ensure a controlled flow rate, facilitating effective treatment without disturbing the system. Inlet is a feed check valve with unidirectional flow allowance into the system. vi. A foul gas collection vent (7, fig 2) incorporated into the system for the release of unwanted gases generated during the treatment process. This feature helps mitigate odor emissions, promoting a healthier environment and ensuring a more environmentally friendly operation. vii. A sludge outlet (10, fig 2) located at the bottom for the proper removal of sludge.

[0095] The whole unit, constructed from fiber-reinforced plastic or poly vinyl chloride, serves as the housing for anaerobic treatment. The internal surface of the tank is made rough so as to act as media for attached growth.

[0096] The key aspects of the system developed in the present invention and the essential steps of the process comprise:

[0097] • Introduction of Fresh Faecal Matter: Fresh faecal matter, with a pH around 7.2 and at ambient temperature, is introduced into the system via an inlet valve. This valve is a feed check valve designed to prevent backflow, ensuring that only fresh material enters the treatment system. PT / 2025 / 14824

[0098] • Initial Septicity and Microbial Evolution: Upon entry, the faecal matter begins to undergo septicity, a process where the microbial community starts to evolve within the system. During this stage, microbial consortia previously developed for food waste digestion are introduced to enhance the treatment process.

[0099] • Mixing Mechanism and Microbial Growth: The system features a mixing mechanism with blades that have a rough surface. This rough surface facilitates the development of attached microbial growth, which accelerates the degradation of organic matter. The mixing mechanism operates during non-peak hours to prevent the bypassing of faecal solids. The internal rough surface of the tank also serves as an attachment point for microbial growth, supporting both suspended and attached microbial degradation processes.

[0100] • Foul Gas Vent and Sludge Discharge Outlet: To ensure efficient operation, the system includes a foul gas vent to manage odours and a sludge discharge outlet with a hopper bottom for effective sludge removal.

[0101] • Treatment Duration: The treatment process lasts between 7 to 15 days. During this period, the microbial community works on the organic substrate to degrade organic matter and reduce Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels. The system requires an initial acclimatization period of 15-20 days to achieve optimal functioning.

[0102] • Efficiency Testing: The treatment efficiency of the unit is assessed through studies conducted at different time intervals. Trials of varying durations (15 days, 8 days, and 15 days) are performed following initial physico-chemical characterization of the faecal matter. The results of these trials help in evaluating the performance and effectiveness of the system.

[0103] EXAMPLES

[0104] The following examples are given by way of illustration only and therefore should not be construed to limit the scope of the present invention in any manner.

[0105] Example 1: Treatment of fresh faecal matter from residential apartment at NIIST campus PT / 2025 / 14824

[0106] A modular, onsite fresh faecal matter treatment unit based on the present invention was fabricated, and tested for treating ~ 500 Litres fresh faecal matter from residential apartment. The treatment system (500 Litres capacity) in this case was fabricated in Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP). The treatment system was operated for about six months' period and three separate trials were carried out to test the efficacy of the system during this period. The initial physico-chemical characterization of the sample is provided in Table 1.

[0107] Table 1: Physico-chemical characteristic of fresh faecal matter

[0108] The main aim of the treatment system is the removal of COD from fresh faecal matter. Removal of COD is indicator of proportionate removal of suspended solids, dissolved solids, pathogens and nutrients from waste stream (Metcalf and Eddy, 2012). The performance of the treatment unit in terms of COD reduction during the three trials are given trial wise as below

[0109] Example 2: 15-day study PT / 2025 / 14824

[0110] During the first trial, the initial COD of the system was observed as 2198 mg / L and it was reduced to 362 mg / L during the treatment. The overall percentage of reduction of COD was found to be 83.53 %. The COD concentration at each day is given in Table 2.

[0111] Table 2: COD variations during the operation of unit in during Trial-1

[0112] Example 3: 8-day study

[0113] The Initial COD during the second trial was observed as 474 mg / L and it was reduced to 92 mg / L during the treatment process. The COD of the system was reduced to about 80.59%. The COD concentration at each day is given in Table 3. PT / 2025 / 14824

[0114] Table 3: COD variations during the operation of unit in during Trial-2

[0115] Example 4: 15-day study

[0116] The initial COD of fresh faecal matter in this trial was 2042 mg / L which was reduced to 267 mg / L at the end of the study. The overall percentage COD removal was 86.92 %. The COD concentration at each day is given in Table 4.

[0117] Table 4: COD variations during the operation of unit in during Trial-3 PT / 2025 / 14824

[0118] ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

[0119] • Efficient Treatment and Low Strength Discharge: The system is designed to treat fresh faecal matter effectively, ensuring that the treated output is of low strength and suitable for discharge further down the flow line.

[0120] • Enhanced Organic Matter Degradation: Its integrated mixing mechanism, coupled with strategically positioned blades with rough surfaces, facilitates superior degradation of organic matter. This makes the system particularly effective for decentralized treatment of fresh faecal matter in areas without sewerage connections.

[0121] • Compact and Scalable Design: The system features a compact footprint and low energy requirements, making it adaptable to various settings including small residential units, apartments, and regions with challenging topography.

[0122] • Environmental Sustainability and Resource Efficiency: By utilizing food waste digested slurry as an active microbial community, the system enhances environmental sustainability and resource efficiency.

[0123] • Effective Sludge Management: The system manages faecal sludge build-up effectively, ensuring reliable long-term performance with minimal maintenance requirements. The self-sustaining microbial community evolves and maintains itself as long as the flow continues. PT / 2025 / 14824

[0124] • Minimal Space and Installation Requirements: The system is adaptable to residential apartments, establishments, and areas with difficult topography due to its minimal space requirements for installation. It can be installed with minimal civil work at the site.

[0125] • Resource Recovery: The system is capable of recovering and reusing quality water and biogas, adding to its resource efficiency.

[0126] • Closed System Design: Its closed system design reduces the risk of microbial infections, enhancing safety and hygiene.

[0127] • Accelerated Degradation and Versatility: The system promotes accelerated degradation of organic matter and offers a holistic approach to sanitation, with versatility and scalability to meet various operational needs.

Claims

PT / 2025 / 14824WE CLAIM:

1. An on-site treatment system for enhanced organic matter degradation in fresh faecal matter, wherein the said system comprising:(a) an AC motor (6, fig 2) of 0.186 kW to 0.745 kW powering the unit, the RPM of the motor being in the range of 200 to 3600 driving the mixing process and ensuring even distribution of organic matter and microbial community within the treatment unit;(b) an anchor rod (1, fig 1), securely embedded within the unit, providing stability and support for the mixing blades;(c) agitator blades (3, fig 2) made with stainless steel having diameter in the range of 177mm to 400mm arranged in mutually perpendicular directions for efficient mixing, wherein the surface of blades being coated with a coarse material;(d) a baffle (9, fig 2), strategically placed within the unit, to prevent overflow of faecal solids and maintain efficient flow dynamics;(e) inlet (4, fig 2) and outlet (8, fig 2) valves being integral components of the system, regulating the entry and exit of faecal matter;(f) a foul gas collection vent (7, fig 2) incorporated into the system for the release of unwanted gases generated during the treatment process;(g) a sludge outlet (10, fig 2) located at the bottom for the proper removal of sludge.

2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inlet valve is 2-3 inches in diameter.

3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein it is constructed from materials selected from Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) or Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), with a capacity ranging from 100 to 1000 litres per day.

4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein it achieves a COD reduction of about 85% in the faecal matter, while simultaneously recovering (biogas) from the organic-rich faecal matter.PT / 2025 / 148245. The system as claimed in claim 1, having foot print of ~0.0125 sq ft / litre of homogeneous faecal sludge.

6. A process for the on-site treatment and organic matter degradation in fresh faecal matter using the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steps comprising:(i) introducing fresh faecal matter into the system through the inlet valve (4, fig 2), and allowing to settle;(ii) adding a highly active microbial consortium, sourced from the digested slurry of a food waste digester, into the system of step (i) to enhance the breakdown of organic matter;(iii) mixing the faecal matter with the active microbial consortium of step (ii) with stainless steel blades coated with a coarse material to facilitates effective sludge mixing;(iv) periodic desludging through the sludge opening and a foul gas vent allowing for the release of gases generated during treatment;(v) optionally, roughening the internal surface of the tank to offer an creased surface area for microbial attachment and growth for enhanced organic matter degradation.

7. The process as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mixing process is controlled by adjusting the rotational speed of the agitator, measured in revolutions per minute (RPM), to ensure uniform distribution of microorganisms throughout the substrate.

8. The process as claimed in claim 6, wherein simultaneous attached and suspended growth process along with mixing mechanism and microbial consortia act synergistically to enhance organic matter degradation.

9. The process as claimed in claim 6, wherein the duration of the treatment process spans from 7 to 15 days, during which the microbial consortium acts upon the organic substrate, resulting in the degradation of organic matter and reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels.

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