Dynamic pressure control for multiple flue gas sources

Abstract

The present invention relates to a continuous process for the post-treating of flue gas. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a dynamic pressure control system for the post-treatment of flue gas, and use of thereof for post-treating of flue gas.

Description

[0001] Dynamic Pressure Control for Multiple Flue Gas Sources

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present invention relates to a continuous process for the post-treating of flue gas. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a dynamic pressure control system for the post-treatment of flue gas, and use of thereof for post-treating of flue gas.

[0004] INTRODUCTION

[0005] Flue gas generally designates a gas originating from the combustion of fuel with ambient air, typically containing nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and excess oxygen as main constituents, as well as residual substances such as particulate matter, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide, wherein the flue gas is usually discharged to the atmosphere via a flue. The exact composition of the flue gas is thereby depending on the type of fuel used and the combustion conditions. However, many countries stipulate strict governmental regulations regarding the limit values for pollutant emissions which, particularly with regard to the composition of the flue gas, obliges combustion plants to use various types of flue gas cleaning systems, such as gas scrubbers, specially designed chemical processes, e.g. for the reduction of nitrogen oxides, and dust filters, in order to eliminate or minimize pollutants from the flue gas emitted to the atmosphere.

[0006] Linde & BASF, 2019, “Carbon capture, storage and utilisation”, page 05 (URL: https: / / www.linde-engineering.com / en / images / Carbon-capture-storage-utilisation-Linde- BASF_tcm19-462558.pdf) discloses a process of a carbon capture plant, wherein the process steps comprising a pre-treating of a flue gas, which comprises carbon dioxide, an absorption of said carbon dioxide from the flue gas, as well as a regeneration of an absorber solution used to strip the carbon dioxide are described in detail.

[0007] US 9 513 000 B2 discloses an oxygen combustion system comprising a boiler adapted to burn fuel, a dust remover to which flue gas discharged from the boiler flows through, a flue gas cooler adapted to cool the flue gas by heat exchange, and a control means adapted to control the flow rate of the flue gas.

[0008] As part of efforts to decarbonize industrial plants, one option to reduce carbon dioxide emissions would be the installation of a post-combustion carbon capture unit to strip carbon dioxide from flue gas. In order to establish an effective post-treatment solution, it would be advantageous to use a single post-combustion carbon capture unit for the treatment of flue gas originating from various sources throughout one or several plants. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0009] Thus, it was an object of the present invention to provide a process enabling the post-treatment of flue gas of one or more flue gas sources in a single post-treatment unit. Further, it was an object of the present invention to provide a system capable of performing said flue gas post-treatment process.

[0010] It has surprisingly been found that by an elaborate control and adjustment of the pressure of a flue gas stream at the various stages of transporting the flue gas stream from a flue gas source to a post-treatment system enables a safe and incident-free use of the post-treatment system for a removal of pollutants from the flue gas stream. Further, it has surprisingly been found that with the elaborate pressure control of the process according to the present invention, two or more separate flue gas streams from two or more separate flue gas sources can be transported to a single post-treatment system, resulting in a powerful, resource-saving and sustainable way of post-treating flue gas.

[0011] Further, it has surprisingly been found that a dynamic pressure control system according to the present invention comprising one or more combined units allows for effective control of the pressure of the flue gas streams to avoid structural integrity risks, reduce unplanned outages and increase the amount of captured pollutants, in particular carbon dioxide.

[0012] Therefore, in a first aspect, the present invention relates to a continuous process for the posttreating of flue gas, comprising

[0013] (1 ) providing one or more, preferably two or more separate, flue gas streams (fS 1 ’ fSn’) from one or more, preferably two or more, flue gas generating entities (F1 Fn), the streams (fST fSn’) having, independently from one another, a pressure PfST PfSn’ in the range from 0 to 100 mbarg, wherein the respective pressures PfST PfSn’ display a maximum pressure rate-of-change APfS APfSn’ below 1 mbara / second;

[0014] (2) expanding the respective flue gas streams (fST fSn’), obtaining respective expanded flue gas streams (fS 1 fSn) respectively having a pressure PS’geswhich is lower than the pressure of the respective streams (fST fSn’), wherein PS’gesis in the range from -100 to 100 mbarg, wherein PS’gesdisplays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APS’gesbelow 10 mbara / second;

[0015] (3) combining the expanded flue gas streams (fS 1 fSn), obtaining a joint flue gas stream (jS1) having a pressure PSgesin the range from -100 to 100 mbarg, wherein PSgesdisplays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APSgesbelow 10 mbara / second;

[0016] (4) feeding the joint flue gas stream (jS 1 ) into a cooling unit (C1 ), obtaining a cooled flue gas stream (jS2) having a lower temperature than the joint flue gas stream (jS 1 );

[0017] (5) optionally feeding the cooled flue gas stream (jS2) into a post-treatment unit (P 1 ), obtaining a post-treated flue gas stream (jS4).

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a continuous process for the post-treating of flue gas, comprising (1 ) providing one flue gas stream fS 1 ’ from one flue gas generating entity F1 , the stream fS1 ’ having a pressure PfS1 ’ in the range from 0 to 100 mbarg, wherein the pressure PfS1 ’ displays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APfS1 ’ below 1 mbara / second;

[0019] (2) expanding the flue gas stream fS 1 obtaining an expanded flue gas stream fS 1 having a pressure PS’geswhich is lower than the pressure of the stream fS1 wherein PS’gesis in the range from -100 to 100 mbarg, wherein PS’gesdisplays a maximum pressure rate-of-change A PS’gesbelow 10 mbara / second;

[0020] (3) combining the expanded flue gas stream fS 1 , obtaining a joint flue gas stream (jS 1 ) having a pressure PSgesin the range from -100 to 100 mbarg, wherein PSgesdisplays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APSgesbelow 10 mbara / second;

[0021] (4) feeding the joint flue gas stream (jS 1 ) into a cooling unit (C1 ), obtaining a cooled flue gas stream (jS2) having a lower temperature than the joint flue gas stream (jS 1 );

[0022] (5) optionally feeding the cooled flue gas stream (jS2) into a post-treatment unit (P 1 ), obtaining a post-treated flue gas stream (jS4).

[0023] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to a continuous process for the post-treating of flue gas, comprising

[0024] (1 ) providing more than one, preferably two or more, separate flue gas streams (fS 1 ’, ..., fSn’) from more than one, preferably two or more, separate flue gas generating entities (F1 , ... , Fn), the streams (fS1 ’ fSn’) having, independently from one another, a pressure PfS1 ’, ..., PfSn’ in the range from 0 to 100 mbarg, wherein the respective pressures PfS1 ’ PfSn’ display a maximum pressure rate-of-change APfS1 ’ APfSn’ below 1 mbara / second;

[0025] (2) expanding the respective flue gas streams (fS1 ’ fSn’), obtaining respective expanded flue gas streams (fS 1 fSn) respectively having a pressure PS’geswhich is lower than the pressure of the respective streams (fS1 ’ fSn’), wherein PS’gesis in the range from -100 to 100 mbarg, wherein PS’gesdisplays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APS’gesbelow 10 mbara / second;

[0026] (3) combining the expanded flue gas streams (fS 1 fSn), obtaining a joint flue gas stream (jS1) having a pressure PSgesin the range from -100 to 100 mbarg, wherein PSgesdisplays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APSgesbelow 10 mbara / second;

[0027] (4) feeding the joint flue gas stream (jS 1 ) into a cooling unit (C1 ), obtaining a cooled flue gas stream (jS2) having a lower temperature than the joint flue gas stream (jS1 );

[0028] (5) optionally feeding the cooled flue gas stream (jS2) into a post-treatment unit (P 1 ), obtaining a post-treated flue gas stream (jS4).

[0029] Within the context of the present invention, the term “separate” in the expression “separate flue gas streams” preferably indicates, that the flue gas streams are separated from each other by physical means, such as by being contained in separate vessels or channels.

[0030] According to a first alternative, it is preferred that the process after step (3) and prior to step (4) further comprises

[0031] (3. a) compressing the joint flue gas stream (jS1 ), obtaining a compressed flue gas stream (jS3) having a higher pressure PjS3 than the joint flue gas stream (jS1 ), wherein PjS3 is in the range from 20 to 200 mbarg, wherein PjS3 displays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APjS3 below 10 mbara / second;

[0032] (3.b) feeding the compressed flue gas stream (jS3) as the stream (jS1) into step (4).

[0033] According to a second alternative, it is preferred that the process after step (4) and prior to step (5) further comprises

[0034] (4. a) compressing the cooled flue gas stream GS2), obtaining a compressed flue gas stream (jS3) having a higher pressure PjS3 than the cooled flue gas stream GS2), wherein PjS3 is in the range from 20 to 200 mbarg, wherein PjS3 displays a maximum pressure rate-of- change APjS3 below 10 mbara / second

[0035] (4.b) optionally feeding the compressed flue gas stream GS3) as the stream GS2) into step (5).

[0036] According to a third alternative, it is preferred that the process after step (5) further comprises (5. a) compressing the post-treated flue gas stream GS4), obtaining a compressed flue gas stream GS3) having a higher pressure PjS3 than the post-treated flue gas stream GS4), wherein PjS3 is in the range from 20 to 200 mbarg, wherein PjS3 displays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APjS3 below 10 mbara / second.

[0037] It is preferred that the flue gas generating entitites (F1 Fn) in (1) comprise furnaces, boilers, steam generators, and / or incinerators.

[0038] According to the first aspect, it is preferred that step (1) comprises

[0039] (1.1) providing one or more, preferably two or more separate, original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn) from one or more, preferably two or more, flue gas generating entities (F1 , ...,Fn);

[0040] (1 .2) optionally adjusting the pressure of the respective original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn), obtaining the flue gas streams (fS1 ’ fSn’);

[0041] (1 .3) feeding the respective original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn) as the respective flue gas streams (fS 1 ’ fSn’) to step (2) or feeding the respective flue gas streams (fS1 ’ fSn’) obtained in (1.2) to step (2).

[0042] According to the second aspect, it is preferred that step (1) comprises

[0043] (1.1) providing one original flue gas streams oS1 from flue gas generating entity F1 ;

[0044] (1 .2) optionally adjusting the pressure of the original flue gas stream oS1 , obtaining the flue gas stream fS1 ’

[0045] (1 .3) feeding the original flue gas streams oS1 as the flue gas streams fS 1 ’ to step (2) or feeding the flue gas streams fS1 ’obtained in (1.2) to step (2).

[0046] According to the third aspect, it is preferred that step (1) comprises

[0047] (1.1) providing more than one, preferably two or more separate, original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn) from more than one, preferably two or more, separate flue gas generating entities (F1 Fn); (1 .2) optionally adjusting the pressure of the respective original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn), obtaining the flue gas streams (fS1 ’ fSn’);

[0048] (1 .3) feeding the respective original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn) as the respective flue gas streams (fS1 ’ fSn’) to step (2) or feeding the respective flue gas streams (fS1 ’ fSn’) obtained in (1.2) to step (2).

[0049] In the case where step (1) comprises (1.1), (1.2) and (1.3), it is preferred that the original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn) have a temperature in the range from 70 to 300°C, more preferably from 120°C to 200°C, more preferably from 120°C to 150°C.

[0050] According to the first aspect, further in the case where step (1) comprises (1.1), (1 .2) and (1 .3), it is preferred that step (1.1) comprises

[0051] (1 .1.a) providing one or more, preferably two or more separate, atmospheric gas streams;

[0052] (1 .1.b) adjusting the pressure of the atmospheric gas streams, obtaining one or more, preferably two or more separate, feed streams (oS1’ oSn’) having, independently from one another, a pressure PoS1’ PoSn’ in the range from -5 to 0 mbarg, wherein the respective pressures PoS1’ PoSn’ display a maximum pressure rate-of-change APoS1’ APoSn’ below 1 mbara / second;

[0053] (1 .1 .c) feeding the streams (oS1 ’ oSn’) independently and separately from one another to the one or more, preferably two or more, flue gas generating entities (F1 Fn), obtaining the one or more, preferably two or more separate, original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn).

[0054] According to the second aspect, further in the case where step (1 ) comprises (1.1), (1.2) and

[0055] (1.3), it is preferred that step (1.1) comprises

[0056] (1 .1.a) providing one atmospheric gas stream;

[0057] (1 .1.b) adjusting the pressure of the atmospheric gas stream, obtaining one feed streams oS1 ’ having a pressure PoS1’ in the range from -5 to 0 mbarg, wherein the pressures PoS1’ display a maximum pressure rate-of-change APoS1’ below 1 mbara / second;

[0058] (1 .1 .c) feeding the stream oS1 ’ to the one flue gas generating entities F1 , obtaining the one original flue gas streams oS1.

[0059] According to the third aspect, further in the case where step (1) comprises (1.1), (1 .2) and (1 .3), it is preferred that step (1.1) comprises

[0060] (1 .1.a) providing more than one, preferably two or more, separate atmospheric gas streams;

[0061] (1 .1.b) adjusting the pressure of the atmospheric gas streams, obtaining more than one, preferably two or more, separate feed streams (oS1’ oSn’) having, independently from one another, a pressure PoS1’ PoSn’ in the range from -5 to 0 mbarg, wherein the respective pressures PoS1’ PoSn’ display a maximum pressure rate-of-change APoS1’ A PoSn’ below 1 mbara / second;

[0062] (1 .1 .c) feeding the streams (oS1 ’ oSn’) independently and separately from one another to the more than one, preferably two or more, flue gas generating entities (F1 Fn), obtaining the more than one, preferably two or more, separate original flue gas streams (oS1 , ..., oSn).

[0063] In the case where step (1.1 ) comprises (1.1. a), (1.1. b) and (1.1. c), it is preferred that the separate feed streams (oS1 ’ oSn’) have, independently from one another, a pressure PoS1 ’ PoSn’ in the range from -3 to 0 mbarg, more preferably in the range from -2 to 0 mbarg, more preferably in the range from -1 to 0 mbarg, wherein the respective pressures PoS1 ’ PoSn’ display a maximum pressure rate-of-change APoS1 ’ APoSn’ below 0.5 mbara / second, preferably below 0.2 mbara / second, more preferably below ± 0.1 mbara / second.

[0064] Further in the case where step (1.1) comprises (1 .1.a), (1.1. b) and (1.1 .c), it is preferred that adjusting the pressure in step (1.1. b) comprises using one or more, preferably two or more, air registers (pV1 pVn).

[0065] Further in the case where step (1) comprises (1 .1 ), (1.2) and (1.3), it is preferred that adjusting the pressure in step (1 .2) comprises

[0066] (1 .2. a) compressing the original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn), obtaining respective compressed original flue gas streams (fS1 ” fSn”);

[0067] (1 .2. b) optionally venting the compressed original flue gas streams (fS 1 ” fSn”), obtaining the flue gas streams (fS1 ’ fSn’) and vented streams (aS1 aSn);

[0068] (1 ,2.c) subjecting the respective flue gas streams (fS 1 ” fSn”) obtained in (1 .2. a) as the respective flue gas streams (fS 1 ’ fSn’) to step (1 .3) or subjecting the respective flue gas streams (fS 1 ’ fSn’) obtained in (1 ,2.b) to step (1 .3).

[0069] In the case where step (1 .2) comprises (1 .2. a), (1 ,2.b) and (1 ,2.c), it is preferred that the original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn) in (1 .2. a) are compressed by fans (B1 Bn).

[0070] Further in the case where step (1 .2) comprises (1 .2. a), (1 .2. b) and (1 ,2.c), it is preferred that the compressed original flue gas streams (fS 1 ” fSn”) in (1 ,2.b) are vented by using first valves (qV1 qVn).

[0071] In the case where the compressed original flue gas streams (fS1 ” fSn”) in (1.2.b) are vented by using first valves (qV1 qVn), it is preferred that the first valves (qV1 qVn) are actuated, independently from one another, to open the respective valve from equal or greater than 0% to equal or less than 100% opening ratio and / or to close the respective valve from equal or less than 100% to equal or greater than 0% opening ratio, wherein the time span for opening the respective valve from 0% to 100% opening ratio or closing the respective valve from 100% to 0% opening ratio is less than 60s, more preferably less than 30s, more preferably less than 10s.

[0072] Further in the case where step (1 .2) comprises (1 .2. a), (1 ,2.b) and (1 ,2.c), it is preferred that the vented streams (aS1 aSn) in (1 ,2.b) are released to the atmosphere, preferably by one or more stacks (A1 An), more preferably by an amount of stacks (A1 An) equal to the amount of streams (aS1 aSn).

[0073] It is preferred that the flue gas streams (fS1 ’ fSn’) have, independently from one another, a pressure PfS1 ’ PfSn’ in the range from 0 to 50 mbarg, more preferably in the range from 0 to 20 mbarg, more preferably in the range from 0 to 5 mbarg, more preferably in the range of from 0 to 1 mbarg, wherein the respective pressures PfS1 ’ PfSn’ display a maximum pressure rate-of-change APfS1 ’ APfSn’ below 0.5 mbara / second, preferably below 0.2 mbara / second, more preferably below 0.1 mbara / second.

[0074] It is preferred that the flue gas streams (fS1 ’ fSn’) have a flow rate in the range from 10,000 to 500,000 Nm3 / h, more preferably in the range from 30,000 to 300,000 Nm3 / h, more preferably in the range from 50,000 to 200,000 Nm3 / h, more preferably in the range from 80,000 to 150,000 Nm3 / h.

[0075] It is preferred that (2) comprises expanding the flue gas streams (fS1 ’ fSn’) using second valves (sV1 sVn).

[0076] It is preferred that the second valves (sV1 sVn) are actuated, independently from one another, to open the respective valve from equal or greater than 0% to equal or less than 100% opening ratio and / or to close the respective valve from equal or less than 100% to equal or greater than 0% opening ratio, wherein the time span for opening the respective valve from 0% to 100% opening ratio or closing the respective valve from 100% to 0% opening ratio is less than 60s, more preferably less than 30s, more preferably less than 10s.

[0077] It is preferred that the expanded flue gas streams (fS 1 fSn) obtained in (2) respectively have a pressure PS’gesin the range from -70 to 70 mbarg, more preferably in the range from - 40 to 40 mbarg, more preferably in the range from -20 to 20 mbarg, wherein PS’gesdisplays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APS’gesbelow 1 mbara / second preferably below 0.5 mbara / second more preferably below 0.2 mbara / second.

[0078] It is preferred that (3) comprise combining the expanded flue gas streams (fS1 fSn) in a joint flue gas duct (jF1 ).

[0079] It is preferred that the joint flue gas stream (jS1) obtained in (3) has a pressure PSgesin the range from -70 to 70 mbarg, more preferably in the range from -40 to 40 mbarg, more preferably in the range from -20 to 20 mbarg, wherein PSgesdisplays a maximum pressure rate-of- change APSgesbelow 10 mbara / second, preferably below 5 mbara / second, more preferably below 2 mbara / second.

[0080] It is preferred that the pressure PS’gesand PSgesdisplay substantially no pressure difference.

[0081] It is preferred that the cooling unit (C1 ) in (4) comprises a direct contact cooler. In the case where the cooling unit (C1 ) in (4) comprises a direct contact cooler, it is preferred that the direct contact cooler comprises a basic aqueous solution.

[0082] Further in the case where the cooling unit (C1 ) in (4) comprises a direct contact cooler, it is preferred that the direct contact cooler comprises a basic aqueous NaOH solution for removing sulfur oxides and / or nitrogen oxides from the joint flue gas stream (jS 1 ).

[0083] It is preferred that the cooled flue gas stream (jS2) obtained in (4) has a temperature in the range from 20 to 60°C, preferably in the range from 30 to 50 °C, more preferably in the range from 35 to 45 °C.

[0084] In the case where the continuous process comprises (3. a), (4. a) or (5. a), it is preferred that the compression in step (3. a), (4. a) or (5. a) is conducted by a fan (kB1 ).

[0085] Further in the case where the continuous process comprises (3. a), (4. a) or (5. a), it is preferred that the compressed flue gas stream (jS3) obtained in (3. a), (4. a) or (5. a) has a pressure PjS3 in the range from 20 to 200 mbarg, more preferably in the range from 30 to 150 mbarg, more preferably in the range from 40 to 80 mbarg, wherein PjS3 displays a maximum pressure rate- of-change APjS3 below 3 mbara / second, preferably below 2 mbara / second, more preferably below ± 1 mbara / second.

[0086] It is preferred that the compressed flue gas stream (jS3) obtained in (3. a), (4. a) or (5. a) has a flow rate in the range from 100,000 to 5,000,000 Nm3 / h, preferably in the range from 200,000 to 4,000,000 Nm3 / h, more preferably in the range from 500,000 to 2,000,000 Nm3 / h.

[0087] It is preferred that the post-treatment unit (P1) in (5) comprises, more preferably consists of, a carbon dioxide capture unit.

[0088] In the case where the post-treatment unit (P1) in (5) comprises a carbon dioxide capture unit, it is preferred that the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises

[0089] (a) an absorber column;

[0090] (b) an emission control system;

[0091] (c) a desorber column.

[0092] In the case where the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the absorber column in (a) comprises a flue gas inlet at the bottom of the column.

[0093] Further in the case where the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the absorber column in (a) comprises an inlet of absorber solution in the upper section of the column. Further in the case where the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the absorber column in (a) comprises absorption beds.

[0094] Further in the case where the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the absorber column in (a) comprises a basic absorber solution, preferably a basic amine absorber solution.

[0095] Further in the case where the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the absorber column in (a) comprises a gravity-driven interstage cooler, preferably installed between the absorption beds.

[0096] Further in the case where the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the absorber column in (a) is operated in a counter-current flow.

[0097] Further in the case where the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the absorber column in (a) comprise an outlet of the absorber solution at the bottom of the column.

[0098] Further in the case where the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the absorber column in (a) comprise a flue gas outlet at the top of the column.

[0099] Further in the case where the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the emission control system in (b) is located in the upper section of the absorber column (a), preferably located above the inlet of the absorber solution.

[0100] Further in the case where the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the desorber column in (c) comprises an inlet of the absorber solution in the upper section of the column.

[0101] Further in the case where the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the desorber column in (c) comprises a vapour inlet at the lower section of the column.

[0102] Further in the case where the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the desorber column in (c) comprises vapour, preferably hot vapour, more preferably hot water vapour.

[0103] Further in the case where the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that wherein the desorber column in (c) is operated in a counter-current flow.

[0104] Further in the case where the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the desorber column in (c) comprises a vapour outlet at the top of the column. Further in the case where the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the desorber column in (c) comprises an outlet of the absorber solution at the bottom of the column.

[0105] It is preferred that the cooled flue gas stream (jS2) obtained in (4), the compressed flue gas stream obtained in (4. a), the post-treated flue gas stream (jS4) obtained in (5) or the compressed flue gas stream (jS3) obtained in (5. a) is released to the atmosphere.

[0106] The present invention further relates to a dynamic pressure control system for the post-treatment of flue gas, preferably for carrying out the process according to the present invention, the dynamic pressure control system comprising

[0107] (i) a fan (B1) having an inlet connected to a flue gas duct and an outlet connected to a further flue gas duct;

[0108] (ii) a T-piece having an inlet (X1 ), a first outlet (Y1) and a second outlet (Z1 ) located downstream of the fan (B1), wherein the inlet (X1) is connected to the flue gas duct connected to the outlet of the fan (B1 ), and the first outlet (Y1 ) and the second outlet (Z1 ) are connected to respective further flue gas ducts;

[0109] (iii) a first valve (qV1) located downstream of the first outlet (Y1 ) of the T-piece, wherein the inlet of the first valve (qV1) is connected to the flue gas duct connected to the first outlet (Y1 ) of the T-piece, and the outlet of the first valve (qV1) is connected to a further flue gas duct.

[0110] (iv) a second valve (sV1 ) located downstream of the second outlets (Z1 ) of the T-piece, wherein the inlet of the second valve (sV1) is connected to the flue gas duct connected to the second outlet (Z1) of the T-piece, and the outlet of the second valve (sV1) is connected to a further flue gas duct;

[0111] (v) optionally a stack (A1) located downstream of the first valve (qV1 ) wherein the inlet of the stack (A1) is connected to the flue gas duct connected to the outlet of the first valve (qV1 );

[0112] (vi) a first joint flue gas duct (jF1) located downstream of the second valve (sV1) and connected to the outlet of the second valve (sV1 );

[0113] (vii) a cooling unit (C1 ) located downstream of the joint flue gas duct (jF1 ), wherein the inlet of the cooling unit (C1 ) is connected to the joint flue gas duct (jF1 ) and the outlet of the cooling unit (C1) is connected to a second joint flue gas duct;

[0114] (viii) optionally a post-treatment system (P1 ) located downstream of the cooling unit (C1 ), wherein the inlet of the post-treatment system (P1) is connected to the second joint flue gas duct.

[0115] According to a first alternative, it is preferred that the system further comprises a fan (kB1) located downstream of the first flue gas duct (jF1 ) and upstream of the cooling unit (C1 ), wherein the fan (kB1) is in fluid communication with the duct (jF1 ) and the cooling unit (C1). According to a second alternative, it is preferred that the system further comprises a fan (kB1) located downstream of the cooling unit (C1) and optionally upstream of the post-treatment system (P1 ), wherein the fan (kB1 ) is in fluid communication with the cooling unit (C1 ) and with the post-treatment system (P1).

[0116] According to a third alternative, it is preferred that the system further comprises a fan (kB1) located downstream of the post-treatment system (P1) wherein the fan (kB1) is in fluid communication with the post-treatment system (P1).

[0117] It is preferred that wherein the flue gas ducts have a diameter in the range from 200 to 4,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 500 to 3,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 1 ,000 to 2,000 mm.

[0118] It is preferred that the joint flue gas ducts have a diameter in the range from 400 to 8,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 1 ,000 to 6,000 mm, more preferably from 2,000 to 4,000 mm .

[0119] It is preferred that the diameter of the joint flue gas ducts is larger than the diameter of the flue gas ducts.

[0120] It is preferred that the fan (B1) in (i) is located downstream of a flue gas generating entity (F1), wherein the inlet of the fan (B1 ) is connected via a flue gas duct to an outlet of the flue gas generating entity (F1).

[0121] It is preferred that the flue gas generating entity (F1) comprises furnaces, boilers, steam generators or incinerators.

[0122] It is preferred that generating flue gas in the flue gas generating entity (F1) comprises the combustion of a carbonaceous fuel.

[0123] It is preferred that the flue gas generated in the flue gas generating entity (F1) comprises carbon dioxide.

[0124] It is preferred that an air register (pV1) is located downstream of the flue gas generating entity (F1), wherein pV1 and F1 are in flow communication.

[0125] In the case where an air register (pV1) is located downstream of the flue gas generating entity (F1), it is preferred that the air register (pV1) is connected to the atmosphere.

[0126] It is preferred that the rotating speed of the fan (B1) in (i) is controlled by a motor drive, preferably by a variable speed motor drive, more preferably by an electric variable speed motor drive.

[0127] It is preferred that a controller is used to adjust the operating speed of the motor. It is preferred that the draft in the flue gas ducts induced by the fan (B1) in (i) is varied by an inlet guide vane or a damper upstream of the fan.

[0128] It is preferred that the fan (B1) comprises an inlet, wherein the diameter of the inlet of the fan (B1) is in a range from 200 to 4,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 500 to 3,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 1 ,000 to 2,000 mm .

[0129] It is preferred that the fan (B1) comprises an outlet, wherein the diameter of the outlet of the fan (B1) is in a range from 200 to 4,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 500 to 3,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 1 ,000 to 2,000 mm.

[0130] It is preferred that the fan (kB1) comprises a fan blade sweep, wherein the diameter of the fan blade sweep of the fan (B1) is in a range from 200 to 4,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 500 to 3,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 1 ,000 to 2,000 mm.

[0131] It is preferred that the first valve (qV1) in (iii) has an opening ratio within equal or more than 0% and equal or less than 100%.

[0132] It is preferred that the flue gas duct at the outlet of the first valve (qV1) in (iii) is connected to the stack A1 .

[0133] It is preferred that the second valve (sV1) in (iv) has an opening ratio within equal or more than 0% and equal or less than 100%.

[0134] It is preferred that the components in (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) form a combined unit (U1) of the system.

[0135] It is preferred that the system comprises two or more combined units (U1 Un) respectively connected to the first joint flue gas duct (jF1) via the outlets of their respective second valves (sV1 sVn) and respectively connected to the outlets of the respective separate flue gas generating entity (F1 Fn) via the inlets of their respective fans (B1 Bn).

[0136] In the case where the system comprises two or more combined units (U1 Un), it is preferred that the rotating speed of each of the respective fans (B1 Bn) in (i) in each separate of the two or more combined units (U1 Un) is controlled independently from one another.

[0137] Further in the case where the system comprises two or more combined units (U1 Un), it is preferred that the draft in the flue gas ducts induced by each of the respective fans (B1 Bn) in (i) in each separate of the two or more combined units (U1 Un) is varied, independently from one another, by an inlet guide vane or a damper upstream of the fan. Further in the case where the system comprises two or more combined units (U1 Un), it is preferred that the opening ratio of each of the respective first valve (qV1 ) in (iii) is, independently from one another in each separate of the two or more combined units (U1 Un), within equal or more than 0% and equal or less than 100%.

[0138] Further in the case where the system comprises two or more combined units (U1 Un), it is preferred that wherein each of the respective flue gas ducts at the outlets of each of the respective first valves (qV1 qVn) of each of the two or more combined units (U1 Un) are connected to one and the same stack or to separate stacks (A1 An), preferably to separate stacks (A1 An).

[0139] Further in the case where the system comprises two or more combined units (U1 Un), it is preferred that the opening ratio of each of the respective second valves (sV1 sVn) in (iv) is, independently from one another in each separate of the two or more combined units (U1 Un), within equal or more than 0% and equal or less than 100%.

[0140] It is preferred that the cooling unit (C1 ) in (vii) comprises a direct contact cooler.

[0141] In the case where the cooling unit (C1) in (vii) comprises a direct contact cooler, it is preferred that the direct contact cooler comprises a basic aqueous solution.

[0142] Further in the case where the cooling unit (C1) in (vii) comprises a direct contact cooler, it is preferred that the direct contact cooler comprises a basic aqueous NaOH solution that removes sulfur oxides and / or nitrogen oxides.

[0143] In the case where the system further comprises a fan (kB1), it is preferred that the rotating speed of the fan (kB1) is controlled by a motor drive, preferably by a variable speed motor drive, more preferably by an electric variable speed motor drive.

[0144] Further in the case where the system further comprises a fan (kB1 ), it is preferred that the fan (kB1) comprises an inlet, wherein the diameter of the inlet of the fan (kB1 ) is in a range from 400 to 6,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 1 ,000 to 4,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 2,000 to 3,000 mm.

[0145] Further in the case where the system further comprises a fan (kB1 ), it is preferred that the fan (kB1) comprises an outlet, wherein the diameter of the outlet of the fan (kB1) is in a range from 400 to 6,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 1 ,000 to 4,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 2,000 to 3,000 mm.

[0146] Further in the case where the system further comprises a fan (kB1 ), it is preferred that the fan (kB1) comprises a fan blade sweep, wherein the diameter of the fan blade sweep of the fan (kB 1 ) is in a range from 400 to 6,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 1 ,000 to 4,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 2,000 to 3,000 mm.

[0147] Further in the case where the system further comprises a fan (kB1 ), it is preferred that the diameter of the fan blade sweep of the fan (kB1) is larger than the diameter of the fan blade sweep of the fan (B1 ).

[0148] It is preferred that the post-treatment system in (viii) comprises, more preferably consists of, a carbon dioxide capture unit.

[0149] In the case where the the post-treatment system in (viii) comprises a carbon dioxide capture unit, it is preferred that the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises

[0150] (a) an absorber column;

[0151] (b) an emission control system;

[0152] (c) a desorber column.

[0153] In the case where the the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the absorber column in (a) comprises a flue gas inlet at the bottom of the column.

[0154] Further in the case where the the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the absorber column in (a) comprises an inlet of absorber solution in the upper section of the column.

[0155] Further in the case where the the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the absorber column in (a) comprises absorption beds.

[0156] Further in the case where the the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the absorber column in (a) comprises a basic absorber solution, preferably a basic amine absorber solution.

[0157] Further in the case where the the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the absorber column in (a) comprises a gravity-driven interstage cooler, preferably installed between the absorption beds.

[0158] Further in the case where the the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the absorber column in (a) is operated in a counter-current flow.

[0159] Further in the case where the the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the absorber column in (a) comprise an outlet of the absorber solution at the bottom of the column. Further in the case where the the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that wherein the absorber column in (a) comprise a flue gas outlet at the top of the column.

[0160] Further in the case where the the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the emission control system in (b) is located in the upper section of the absorber column (a), preferably located above the inlet of the absorber solution.

[0161] Further in the case where the the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the desorber column in (c) comprises an inlet of the absorber solution in the upper section of the column.

[0162] Further in the case where the the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the desorber column in (c) comprises a vapour inlet at the lower section of the column.

[0163] Further in the case where the the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the desorber column in (c) comprises vapour, preferably hot vapour, more preferably hot water vapour.

[0164] Further in the case where the the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the desorber column in (c) is operated in a counter-current flow.

[0165] Further in the case where the the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the desorber column in (c) comprises a vapour outlet at the top of the column.

[0166] Further in the case where the the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises (a), (b) and (c), it is preferred that the desorber column in (c) comprises an outlet of the absorber solution at the bottom of the column.

[0167] It is preferred that the second joint flue gas duct is connected to the atmosphere.

[0168] It is preferred that an outlet of the post-treatment system (P1) in (viii) is connected to the atmosphere.

[0169] In the case where the system further comprises a fan (kB1 ) located downstream of the posttreatment system (P1), it is preferred that an outlet of the fan (kB1 ) is connected to the atmosphere.

[0170] The present invention further relates to an use of the dynamic pressure control system according to the present invention for post-treating flue gas from one or more separate flue gas generating entities. It is preferred that flue gas from two or more separate flue gas generating entities is posttreated.

[0171] The present invention is further illustrated by the following set of embodiments and combinations of embodiments resulting from the dependencies and back-references as indicated. In particular, it is noted that in each instance where a range of embodiments is mentioned, for example in the context of a term such as "The continuous process of any one of embodiments 1 to 4", every embodiment in this range is meant to be explicitly disclosed for the skilled person, i.e. the wording of this term is to be understood by the skilled person as being synonymous to "The continuous process of any one of embodiments 1 , 2, 3, and 4". Further, it is explicitly noted that the following set of embodiments is not the set of claims determining the extent of protection, but represents a suitably structured part of the description directed to general and preferred aspects of the present invention.

[0172] 1 . A continuous process for the post-treating of flue gas, comprising

[0173] (1 ) providing one or more, preferably two or more separate, flue gas streams (fS 1 ’ fSn’) from one or more, preferably two or more, flue gas generating entities (F1 Fn), the streams (fST fSn’) having, independently from one another, a pressure PfST PfSn’ in the range from 0 to 100 mbarg, wherein the respective pressures PfST PfSn’ display a maximum pressure rate-of-change A PfST APfSn’ below 1 mbara / second;

[0174] (2) expanding the respective flue gas streams (fST fSn’), obtaining respective expanded flue gas streams (fS1 fSn) respectively having a pressure PS’geswhich is lower than the pressure of the respective streams (fST fSn’), wherein PS’gesis in the range from -100 to 100 mbarg, wherein PS’gesdisplays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APS’gesbelow 10 mbara / second;

[0175] (3) combining the expanded flue gas streams (fS 1 fSn), obtaining a joint flue gas stream (jS1) having a pressure PSgesin the range from -100 to 100 mbarg, wherein PSgesdisplays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APSgesbelow 10 mbara / second;

[0176] (4) feeding the joint flue gas stream (jS 1 ) into a cooling unit (C1 ), obtaining a cooled flue gas stream (jS2) having a lower temperature than the joint flue gas stream (jS1 );

[0177] (5) optionally feeding the cooled flue gas stream (jS2) into a post-treatment unit (P1), obtaining a post-treated flue gas stream (jS4).

[0178] 2. A continuous process for the post-treating of flue gas, comprising

[0179] (1 ) providing one flue gas stream fS 1 ’ from one flue gas generating entity F1 , the stream fST having a pressure PfST in the range from 0 to 100 mbarg, wherein the pressure PfST displays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APfST below 1 mbara / second;

[0180] (2) expanding the flue gas stream fS 1 ’, obtaining an expanded flue gas stream fS1 having a pressure PS’geswhich is lower than the pressure of the stream fS1 wherein PS’gesis in the range from -100 to 100 mbarg, wherein PS’gesdisplays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APS’gesbelow 10 mbara / second;

[0181] (3) combining the expanded flue gas stream fS 1 , obtaining a joint flue gas stream (jS1) having a pressure PSgesin the range from -100 to 100 mbarg, wherein PSgesdisplays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APSgesbelow 10 mbara / second;

[0182] (4) feeding the joint flue gas stream (jS 1 ) into a cooling unit (C1 ), obtaining a cooled flue gas stream (jS2) having a lower temperature than the joint flue gas stream (jS1 );

[0183] (5) optionally feeding the cooled flue gas stream (jS2) into a post-treatment unit (P1), obtaining a post-treated flue gas stream (jS4). A continuous process for the post-treating of flue gas, comprising

[0184] (1 ) providing more than one, preferably two or more, separate flue gas streams (fS1 ’ fSn’) from more than one, preferably two or more, separate flue gas generating entities (F1 Fn), the streams (fS1 ’ fSn’) having, independently from one another, a pressure PfS1 ’ PfSn’ in the range from 0 to 100 mbarg, wherein the respective pressures PfS1 ’ PfSn’ display a maximum pressure rate-of-change APfS1 ’ APfSn’ below 1 mbara / second;

[0185] (2) expanding the respective flue gas streams (fS 1 ’ fSn’), obtaining respective expanded flue gas streams (fS1 fSn) respectively having a pressure PS’geswhich is lower than the pressure of the respective streams (fS1 ’ fSn’), wherein PS’gesis in the range from -100 to 100 mbarg, wherein PS’gesdisplays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APS’gesbelow 10 mbara / second;

[0186] (3) combining the expanded flue gas streams (fS 1 fSn), obtaining a joint flue gas stream (jS1 ) having a pressure PSgesin the range from -100 to 100 mbarg, wherein PSgesdisplays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APSgesbelow 10 mbara / second;

[0187] (4) feeding the joint flue gas stream (jS 1 ) into a cooling unit (C1 ), obtaining a cooled flue gas stream (jS2) having a lower temperature than the joint flue gas stream (jS1 );

[0188] (5) optionally feeding the cooled flue gas stream (jS2) into a post-treatment unit (P1), obtaining a post-treated flue gas stream (jS4). The process according to any of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the process after step (3) and prior to step (4) further comprises

[0189] (3. a) compressing the joint flue gas stream (jS 1 ), obtaining a compressed flue gas stream (jS3) having a higher pressure PjS3 than the joint flue gas stream (jS 1 ), wherein PjS3 is in the range from 20 to 200 mbarg, wherein PjS3 displays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APjS3 below 10 mbara / second;

[0190] (3.b) feeding the compressed flue gas stream (jS3) as the stream (jS1) into step (4). 5. The process according to any of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the process after step

[0191] (4) and prior to step (5) further comprises

[0192] (4. a) compressing the cooled flue gas stream GS2), obtaining a compressed flue gas stream (jS3) having a higher pressure PjS3 than the cooled flue gas stream (jS2), wherein PjS3 is in the range from 20 to 200 mbarg, wherein PjS3 displays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APjS3 below 10 mbara / second

[0193] (4.b) optionally feeding the compressed flue gas stream (jS3) as the stream (jS2) into step (5).

[0194] 6. The process according to any of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the process after step

[0195] (5) further comprises

[0196] (5. a) compressing the post-treated flue gas stream GS4), obtaining a compressed flue gas stream GS3) having a higher pressure PjS3 than the post-treated flue gas stream GS4), wherein PjS3 is in the range from 20 to 200 mbarg, wherein PjS3 displays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APjS3 below 10 mbara / second.

[0197] 7. The process according to any of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the flue gas generating entitites (F1 Fn) in (1) comprise furnaces, boilers, steam generators, and / or incinerators.

[0198] 8. The process according to any of embodiments 1 and 4 to 7, wherein step (1 ) comprises

[0199] (1.1) providing one or more, preferably two or more separate, original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn) from one or more, preferably two or more, flue gas generating entities (F1 Fn);

[0200] (1 .2) optionally adjusting the pressure of the respective original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn), obtaining the flue gas streams (fS 1 ’ fSn’);

[0201] (1 .3) feeding the respective original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn) as the respective flue gas streams (fST fSn’) to step (2) or feeding the respective flue gas streams (fST fSn’) obtained in (1 .2) to step (2).

[0202] 9. The process according to any of embodiments 2 and 4 to 7, wherein step (1 ) comprises

[0203] (1.1) providing one original flue gas streams oS1 from flue gas generating entity F1 ;

[0204] (1 .2) optionally adjusting the pressure of the original flue gas stream oS1 , obtaining the flue gas stream fS 1 ’

[0205] (1 .3) feeding the original flue gas streams oS1 as the flue gas streams fS1 ’ to step (2) or feeding the flue gas streams fSTobtained in (1.2) to step (2).

[0206] 10. The process according to any of embodiments 3 to 7, wherein step (1 ) comprises (1.1) providing more than one, preferably two or more separate, original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn) from more than one, preferably two or more, separate flue gas generating entities (F1 Fn);

[0207] (1 .2) optionally adjusting the pressure of the respective original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn), obtaining the flue gas streams (fS 1 ’ fSn’);

[0208] (1 .3) feeding the respective original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn) as the respective flue gas streams (fS1 ’ fSn’) to step (2) or feeding the respective flue gas streams (fS1 ’ fSn’) obtained in (1 .2) to step (2).

[0209] 11 . The process according to any of embodiments 8 to 10, wherein the original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn) have a temperature in the range from 70 to 300°C, preferably from 120°C to 200°C, more preferably from 120°C to 150°C.

[0210] 12. The process according to embodiment 8 or 11 , wherein step (1.1) comprises

[0211] (1 .1.a) providing one or more, preferably two or more separate, atmospheric gas streams;

[0212] (1 .1.b) adjusting the pressure of the atmospheric gas streams, obtaining one or more, preferably two or more separate, feed streams (oST oSn’) having, independently from one another, a pressure PoST PoSn’ in the range from -5 to 0 mbarg, wherein the respective pressures PoST PoSn’ display a maximum pressure rate-of-change APoST APoSn’ below 1 mbara / second;

[0213] (1 .1 .c) feeding the streams (oST oSn’) independently and separately from one another to the one or more, preferably two or more, flue gas generating entities (F1 Fn), obtaining the one or more, preferably two or more separate, original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn).

[0214] 13. The process according to embodiment 9 or 11 , wherein step (1.1) comprises

[0215] (1 .1.a) providing one atmospheric gas stream;

[0216] (1 .1.b) adjusting the pressure of the atmospheric gas stream, obtaining one feed streams oST having a pressure PoST in the range from -5 to 0 mbarg, wherein the pressures PoST display a maximum pressure rate-of-change APoST below 1 mbara / second;

[0217] (1 .1 .c) feeding the stream oST to the one flue gas generating entities F1 , obtaining the one original flue gas streams oS1 .

[0218] 14. The process according to embodiment 10 or 11 , wherein step (1.1) comprises

[0219] (1 .1.a) providing more than one, preferably two or more, separate atmospheric gas streams;

[0220] (1 .1.b) adjusting the pressure of the atmospheric gas streams, obtaining more than one, preferably two or more, separate feed streams (oST oSn’) having, independently from one another, a pressure PoST PoSn’ in the range from -5 to 0 mbarg, wherein the respective pressures PoST PoSn’ display a maximum pressure rate-of-change APoST APoSn’ below 1 mbara / second;

[0221] (1.1. c) feeding the streams (oST oSn’) independently and separately from one another to the more than one, preferably two or more, flue gas generating entities (F1 Fn), obtaining the more than one, preferably two or more, separate original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn).

[0222] 15. The process according to any of embodiments 12 to 14, wherein the feed streams (oST oSn’) have, independently from one another, a pressure PoST PoSn’ in the range from -3 to 0 mbarg, preferably in the range from -2 to 0 mbarg, more preferably in the range from -1 to 0 mbarg, wherein the respective pressures PoST, ..., PoSn’ display a maximum pressure rate-of-change APoS APoSn’ below 0.5 mbara / second, preferably below 0.2 mbara / second, more preferably below ± 0.1 mbara / second.

[0223] 16. The process according to any of embodiments 12 to 15, wherein adjusting the pressure in step (1 .1 .b) comprises using one or more, preferably two or more, air registers (pV1 pVn).

[0224] 17. The process according to any of embodiments 8 to 16, wherein adjusting the pressure in step (1 .2) comprises

[0225] (1 .2. a) compressing the original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn), obtaining respective compressed original flue gas streams (fS1 ” fSn”);

[0226] (1 .2. b) optionally venting the compressed original flue gas streams (fS 1 ” fSn”), obtaining the flue gas streams (fST fSn’) and vented streams (aS1 aSn);

[0227] (1 ,2.c) subjecting the respective flue gas streams (fS 1 ” fSn”) obtained in (1 .2. a) as the respective flue gas streams (fST fSn’) to step (1 .3) or subjecting the respective flue gas streams (fST fSn’) obtained in (1 ,2.b) to step (1 -3).

[0228] 18. The process according to embodiment 17, wherein the original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn) in (1 .2. a) are compressed by fans (B1 Bn).

[0229] 19. The process according to embodiment 17 or 18, wherein the compressed original flue gas streams (fS 1 ” fSn”) in (1 .2. b) are vented by using first valves (qV1 qVn).

[0230] 20. The process according to embodiment 19, wherein the first valves (qV1 qVn) are actuated, independently from one another, to open the respective valve from equal or greater than 0% to equal or less than 100% opening ratio and / or to close the respective valve from equal or less than 100% to equal or greater than 0% opening ratio, wherein the time span for opening the respective valve from 0% to 100% opening ratio or closing the respective valve from 100% to 0% opening ratio is less than 60s, preferably less than 30s, more preferably less than 10s. 21 . The process according to any of embodiments 17 to 20 , wherein the vented streams (aS1 aSn) in (1 ,2.b) are released to the atmosphere, preferably by one or more stacks (A1 An), more preferably by an amount of stacks (A1 An) equal to the amount of streams (aS1 aSn).

[0231] 22. The process according to any of embodiments 1 to 21 , wherein the flue gas streams (fST fSn’) have, independently from one another, a pressure PfST PfSn’ in the range from 0 to 50 mbarg, preferably in the range from 0 to 20 mbarg, more preferably in the range from 0 to 5 mbarg, more preferably in the range of from 0 to

[0232] 1 mbarg, wherein the respective pressures PfST PfSn’ display a maximum pressure rate-of-change APfS APfSn’ below 0.5 mbara / second, preferably below 0.2 mbara / second, more preferably below 0.1 mbara / second.

[0233] 23. The process according to any of embodiments 1 to 22, wherein the flue gas streams (fST fSn’) have a flow rate in the range from 10,000 to 500,000 Nm3 / h, preferably in the range from 30,000 to 300,000 Nm3 / h, more preferably in the range from 50,000 to 200,000 Nm3 / h, more preferably in the range from 80,000 to 150,000 Nm3 / h.

[0234] 24. The process according to any of embodiments 1 to 23, wherein (2) comprises expanding the flue gas streams (fST fSn’) using second valves (sV1 sVn).

[0235] 25. The process according to any of embodiments 1 to 24, wherein the second valves (sV1 sVn) are actuated, independently from one another, to open the respective valve from equal or greater than 0% to equal or less than 100% opening ratio and / or to close the respective valve from equal or less than 100% to equal or greater than 0% opening ratio, wherein the time span for opening the respective valve from 0% to 100% opening ratio or closing the respective valve from 100% to 0% opening ratio is less than 60s, preferably less than 30s, more preferably less than 10s.

[0236] 26. The process according to any of embodiments 1 to 25, wherein the expanded flue gas streams (fS1 fSn) obtained in (2) respectively have a pressure PS’gesin the range from -70 to 70 mbarg, preferably in the range from -40 to 40 mbarg, more preferably in the range from -20 to 20 mbarg, wherein PS’gesdisplays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APS’gesbelow 1 mbara / second preferably below 0.5 mbara / second more preferably below 0.2 mbara / second.

[0237] 27. The process according to any of embodiments 1 to 26, wherein (3) comprise combining the expanded flue gas streams (fS1 fSn) in a joint flue gas duct (jF1 ).

[0238] 28. The process according to any of embodiments 1 to 27, wherein the joint flue gas stream (jS1) obtained in (3) has a pressure PSgesin the range from -70 to 70 mbarg, preferably in the range from -40 to 40 mbarg, more preferably in the range from -20 to 20 mbarg, wherein PSgesdisplays a maximum pressure rate-of-change A PSgesbelow 10 mbara / second, preferably below 5 mbara / second, more preferably below 2 mbara / second.

[0239] 29. The process according to any of embodiments 1 to 28, wherein the pressure PS’gesand PSgesdisplay substantially no pressure difference.

[0240] 30. The process according to any of embodiments 1 to 29, wherein the cooling unit (C1 ) in (4) comprises a direct contact cooler.

[0241] 31 . The process of embodiment 30, wherein the direct contact cooler comprises a basic aqueous solution.

[0242] 32. The process of embodiments 30 or 31 , wherein the direct contact cooler comprises a basic aqueous NaOH solution for removing sulfur oxides and / or nitrogen oxides from the joint flue gas stream (jS 1 ).

[0243] 33. The process according to any of embodiments 1 to 32, wherein the cooled flue gas stream (jS2) obtained in (4) has a temperature in the range from 20 to 60°C, preferably in the range from 30 to 50 °C, more preferably in the range from 35 to 45 °C.

[0244] 34. The process according to any of embodiments 4 to 33, wherein the compression in step (3. a), (4. a) or (5. a) is conducted by a fan (kB1 ).

[0245] 35. The process according to any of embodiments 4 to 34, wherein the compressed flue gas stream (jS3) obtained in (3. a), (4. a) or (5. a) has a pressure PjS3 in the range from 20 to 200 mbarg, preferably in the range from 30 to 150 mbarg, more preferably in the range from 40 to 80 mbarg, wherein PjS3 displays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APjS3 below 3 mbara / second, preferably below 2 mbara / second, more preferably below ± 1 mbara / second.

[0246] 36. The process according to any of embodiments 4 to 35, wherein the compressed flue gas stream (jS3) obtained in (3. a), (4. a) or (5. a) has a flow rate in the range from 100,000 to 5,000,000 Nm3 / h, preferably in the range from 200,000 to 4,000,000 Nm3 / h, more preferably in the range from 500,000 to 2,000,000 Nm3 / h.

[0247] 37. The process according to any of embodiments 1 to 36, wherein the post-treatment unit (P1) in (5) comprises, preferably consists of, a carbon dioxide capture unit.

[0248] 38. The process according to embodiment 37, wherein the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises

[0249] (a) an absorber column; (b) an emission control system;

[0250] (c) a desorber column.

[0251] 39. The process according to embodiment 38, wherein the absorber column in (a) comprises a flue gas inlet at the bottom of the column.

[0252] 40. The process according to embodiment 38 or 39, wherein the absorber column in (a) comprises an inlet of absorber solution in the upper section of the column.

[0253] 41 . The process according to any of embodiments 38 to 40, wherein the absorber column in (a) comprises absorption beds.

[0254] 42. The process according to any of embodiments 38 to 41 , wherein the absorber column in (a) comprises a basic absorber solution, preferably a basic amine absorber solution.

[0255] 43. The process according to any of embodiments 38 to 42, wherein the absorber column in (a) comprises a gravity-driven interstage cooler, preferably installed between the absorption beds.

[0256] 44. The process according to any of embodiments 38 to 43, wherein the absorber column in (a) is operated in a counter-current flow.

[0257] 45. The process according to any of embodiments 38 to 44, wherein the absorber column in (a) comprise an outlet of the absorber solution at the bottom of the column.

[0258] 46. The process according to any of embodiments 38 to 45, wherein the absorber column in (a) comprise a flue gas outlet at the top of the column.

[0259] 47. The process according to any of embodiments 38 to 46, wherein the emission control system in (b) is located in the upper section of the absorber column (a), preferably located above the inlet of the absorber solution.

[0260] 48. The process according to any of embodiments 38 to 47, wherein the desorber column in (c) comprises an inlet of the absorber solution in the upper section of the column.

[0261] 49. The process according to any of embodiments 38 to 48, wherein the desorber column in (c) comprises a vapour inlet at the lower section of the column.

[0262] 50. The process according to any of embodiments 38 to 49, wherein the desorber column in (c) comprises vapour, preferably hot vapour, more preferably hot water vapour. 51 . The process according to of any of embodiments 38 to 50, wherein the desorber column in (c) is operated in a counter-current flow.

[0263] 52. The process according to any of embodiments 38 to 51 , wherein the desorber column in (c) comprises a vapour outlet at the top of the column.

[0264] 53. The process according to any of embodiments 38 to 52, wherein the desorber column in (c) comprises an outlet of the absorber solution at the bottom of the column.

[0265] 54. The process according to any of embodiments 1 to 53, wherein the cooled flue gas stream (jS2) obtained in (4), the compressed flue gas stream obtained in (4. a), the post-treated flue gas stream (jS4) obtained in (5) or the compressed flue gas stream (jS3) obtained in (5. a) is released to the atmosphere.

[0266] 55. A dynamic pressure control system for the post-treatment of flue gas, preferably for carrying out the process according to any of embodiments 1 to 54, the dynamic pressure control system comprising

[0267] (i) a fan (B1 ) having an inlet connected to a flue gas duct and an outlet connected to a further flue gas duct;

[0268] (ii) a T-piece having an inlet (X1), a first outlet (Y1) and a second outlet (Z1) located downstream of the fan (B1), wherein the inlet (X1) is connected to the flue gas duct connected to the outlet of the fan (B1), and the first outlet (Y1) and the second outlet (Z1) are connected to respective further flue gas ducts;

[0269] (iii) a first valve (qV1) located downstream of the first outlet (Y1) of the T-piece, wherein the inlet of the first valve (qV1) is connected to the flue gas duct connected to the first outlet (Y1) of the T-piece, and the outlet of the first valve (qV1) is connected to a further flue gas duct.

[0270] (iv) a second valve (sV1 ) located downstream of the second outlets (Z1 ) of the T- piece, wherein the inlet of the second valve (sV1) is connected to the flue gas duct connected to the second outlet (Z1 ) of the T-piece, and the outlet of the second valve (sV1) is connected to a further flue gas duct;

[0271] (v) optionally a stack (A1) located downstream of the first valve (qV1) wherein the inlet of the stack (A1) is connected to the flue gas duct connected to the outlet of the first valve (qV1);

[0272] (vi) a first joint flue gas duct (jF1) located downstream of the second valve (sV1) and connected to the outlet of the second valve (sV1);

[0273] (vii) a cooling unit (C1) located downstream of the joint flue gas duct (jF1 ), wherein the inlet of the cooling unit (C1) is connected to the joint flue gas duct (jF1) and the outlet of the cooling unit (C1) is connected to a second joint flue gas duct;

[0274] (viii) optionally a post-treatment system (P1) located downstream of the cooling unit (C1), wherein the inlet of the post-treatment system (P1) is connected to the second joint flue gas duct. The dynamic pressure control system according to embodiment 55, wherein the system further comprises a fan (kB1) located downstream of the first flue gas duct (jF1) and upstream of the cooling unit (C1), wherein the fan (kB1) is in fluid communication with the duct (jF1) and the cooling unit (C1). The dynamic pressure control system according to embodiment 55, wherein the system further comprises a fan (kB1) located downstream of the cooling unit (C1) and optionally upstream of the post-treatment system (P1), wherein the fan (kB1) is in fluid communication with the cooling unit (C1) and with the post-treatment system (P1). The dynamic pressure control system according to embodiment 55, wherein the system further comprises a fan (kB1) located downstream of the post-treatment system (P1) wherein the fan (kB1) is in fluid communication with the post-treatment system (P1). The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 55 to 58, wherein the flue gas ducts have a diameter in the range from 200 to 4,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 500 to 3,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 1 ,000 to 2,000 mm. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 55 to 59, wherein the joint flue gas ducts have a diameter in the range from 400 to 8,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 1 ,000 to 6,000 mm, more preferably from 2,000 to 4,000 mm . The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 55 to 60, wherein the diameter of the joint flue gas ducts is larger than the diameter of the flue gas ducts. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 55 to 61 , wherein the fan (B1) in (i) is located downstream of a flue gas generating entity (F1), wherein the inlet of the fan (B1) is connected via a flue gas duct to an outlet of the flue gas generating entity (F1). The dynamic pressure control system of embodiment 62, wherein the flue gas generating entity (F1) comprises furnaces, boilers, steam generators or incinerators. The dynamic pressure control system of embodiment 62 or 63, wherein generating flue gas in the flue gas generating entity (F1) comprises the combustion of a carbonaceous fuel. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 62 to 64, wherein the flue gas generated in the flue gas generating entity (F1) comprises carbon dioxide. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 62 to 65, wherein an air register (pV1) is located downstream of the flue gas generating entity (F1), wherein pV1 and F1 are in flow communication. The dynamic pressure control system of embodiment 66, wherein the air register (pV1) is connected to the atmosphere. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiment 55 to 67, wherein the rotating speed of the fan (B1) in (i) is controlled by a motor drive, preferably by a variable speed motor drive, more preferably by an electric variable speed motor drive. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiment 55 to 68, wherein a controller is used to adjust the operating speed of the motor. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 55 to 69, wherein the draft in the flue gas ducts induced by the fan (B1) in (i) is varied by an inlet guide vane or a damper upstream of the fan. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 55 to 70, wherein the fan (B1) comprises an inlet, wherein the diameter of the inlet of the fan (B1) is in a range from 200 to 4,000 mm, preferably in the range from 500 to 3,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 1 ,000 to 2,000 mm . The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 55 to 71 , wherein the fan (B1) comprises an outlet, wherein the diameter of the outlet of the fan (B1) is in a range from 200 to 4,000 mm, preferably in the range from 500 to 3,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 1 ,000 to 2,000 mm. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 55 to 72, wherein the fan (kB1) comprises a fan blade sweep, wherein the diameter of the fan blade sweep of the fan (B1) is in a range from 200 to 4,000 mm, preferably in the range from 500 to 3,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 1 ,000 to 2,000 mm. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 55 to 73, wherein the first valve (qV1) in (iii) has an opening ratio within equal or more than 0% and equal or less than 100%. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 55 to 74, wherein the flue gas duct at the outlet of the first valve (qV1 ) in (iii) is connected to the stack A1. 76. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 55 to 75, wherein the second valve (sV1) in (iv) has an opening ratio within equal or more than 0% and equal or less than 100%.

[0275] 77. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 55 to 76, wherein the components in (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) form a combined unit (U1) of the system.

[0276] 78. The dynamic pressure control system of embodiment 77, wherein the system comprises two or more combined units (U1 Un) respectively connected to the first joint flue gas duct (jF1) via the outlets of their respective second valves (sV1 sVn) and respectively connected to the outlets of the respective separate flue gas generating entity (F1 Fn) via the inlets of their respective fans (B1 Bn).

[0277] 79. The dynamic pressure control system of embodiment 78, wherein the rotating speed of each of the respective fans (B1 Bn) in (i) in each separate of the two or more combined units (U1 Un) is controlled independently from one another.

[0278] 80. The dynamic pressure control system of embodiment 78 or 79, wherein the draft in the flue gas ducts induced by each of the respective fans (B1 Bn) in (i) in each separate of the two or more combined units (U1 Un) is varied, independently from one another, by an inlet guide vane or a damper upstream of the fan.

[0279] 81 . The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 78 to 80, wherein the opening ratio of each of the respective first valve (qV1) in (iii) is, independently from one another in each separate of the two or more combined units (U1 Un), within equal or more than 0% and equal or less than 100%.

[0280] 82. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 78 to 81 , wherein each of the respective flue gas ducts at the outlets of each of the respective first valves (qV1 qVn) of each of the two or more combined units (U1 Un) are connected to one and the same stack or to separate stacks (A1 An), preferably to separate stacks (A1 An).

[0281] 83. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 78 to 82, wherein the opening ratio of each of the respective second valves (sV1 sVn) in (iv) is, independently from one another in each separate of the two or more combined units (U1 Un), within equal or more than 0% and equal or less than 100%.

[0282] 84. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 55 to 83, wherein the cooling unit (C1) in (vii) comprises a direct contact cooler. The dynamic pressure control system of embodiments 84, wherein the direct contact cooler comprises a basic aqueous solution. The dynamic pressure control system of embodiments 84 or 85, wherein the direct contact cooler comprises a basic aqueous NaOH solution that removes sulfur oxides and / or nitrogen oxides. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 56 to 86, wherein the rotating speed of the fan (kB1) is controlled by a motor drive, preferably by a variable speed motor drive, more preferably by an electric variable speed motor drive. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 56 to 87, wherein the fan (kB1) comprises an inlet, wherein the diameter of the inlet of the fan (kB1) is in a range from 400 to 6,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 1 ,000 to 4,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 2,000 to 3,000 mm. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 56 to 88, wherein the fan (kB1) comprises an outlet, wherein the diameter of the outlet of the fan (kB1) is in a range from 400 to 6,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 1 ,000 to 4,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 2,000 to 3,000 mm. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 56 to 89, wherein the fan (kB1) comprises a fan blade sweep, wherein the diameter of the fan blade sweep of the fan (kB1) is in a range from 400 to 6,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 1 ,000 to 4,000 mm, more preferably in the range from 2,000 to 3,000 mm. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 56 to 90, wherein the diameter of the fan blade sweep of the fan (kB1) is larger than the diameter of the fan blade sweep of the fan (B1). The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 55 to 91 , wherein the post-treatment system in (viii) comprises, preferably consists of, a carbon dioxide capture unit. The dynamic pressure control system of embodiment 92, wherein the carbon dioxide capture unit comprises

[0283] (a) an absorber column;

[0284] (b) an emission control system;

[0285] (c) a desorber column. 94. The dynamic pressure control system of embodiment 93, wherein the absorber column in (a) comprises a flue gas inlet at the bottom of the column.

[0286] 95. The dynamic pressure control system to embodiment 93 or 94, wherein the absorber column in (a) comprises an inlet of absorber solution in the upper section of the column.

[0287] 96. The dynamic pressure control system to any of embodiments 93 to 95, wherein the absorber column in (a) comprises absorption beds.

[0288] 97. The dynamic pressure control system to any of embodiments 93 to 96, wherein the absorber column in (a) comprises a basic absorber solution, preferably a basic amine absorber solution.

[0289] 98. The dynamic pressure control system to any of embodiments 93 to 97, wherein the absorber column in (a) comprises a gravity-driven interstage cooler, preferably installed between the absorption beds.

[0290] 99. The dynamic pressure control system to any of embodiments 93 to 98, wherein the absorber column in (a) is operated in a counter-current flow.

[0291] 100. The dynamic pressure control system to any of embodiments 93 to 99, wherein the absorber column in (a) comprise an outlet of the absorber solution at the bottom of the column.

[0292] 101 . The dynamic pressure control system to any of embodiments 93 to 100, wherein the absorber column in (a) comprise a flue gas outlet at the top of the column.

[0293] 102. The dynamic pressure control system to any of embodiments 93 to 101 , wherein the emission control system in (b) is located in the upper section of the absorber column (a), preferably located above the inlet of the absorber solution.

[0294] 103. The dynamic pressure control system to any of embodiments 93 to 10222, wherein the desorber column in (c) comprises an inlet of the absorber solution in the upper section of the column.

[0295] 104. The dynamic pressure control system to any of embodiments 93 to 103, wherein the desorber column in (c) comprises a vapour inlet at the lower section of the column.

[0296] 105. The dynamic pressure control system to any of embodiments 89 to 104, wherein the desorber column in (c) comprises vapour, preferably hot vapour, more preferably hot water vapour. 106. The dynamic pressure control system to any of embodiments 93 to 105, wherein the desorber column in (c) is operated in a counter-current flow.

[0297] 107. The dynamic pressure control system to any of embodiments 93 to 106, wherein the desorber column in (c) comprises a vapour outlet at the top of the column.

[0298] 108. The dynamic pressure control system to any of embodiments 89 to 107, wherein the desorber column in (c) comprises an outlet of the absorber solution at the bottom of the column.

[0299] 109. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 55 to 108, wherein the second joint flue gas duct is connected to the atmosphere.

[0300] 110. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 55 to 108, wherein an outlet of the post-treatment system (P1) in (viii) is connected to the atmosphere.

[0301] 111. The dynamic pressure control system of any of embodiments 58 to 108, wherein an outlet of the fan (kB1) is connected to the atmosphere.

[0302] 112. Use of the dynamic pressure control system according to any of embodiments 55 to 111 for post-treating flue gas from one or more separate flue gas generating entities.

[0303] 113. The use of the dynamic pressure control system according to embodiment 112, wherein flue gas from two or more separate flue gas generating entities is posttreated.

[0304] Description of figures

[0305] Figure 1 : shows a simplified depiction of a dynamic pressure control system for the post-treatment of flue gas according to the present invention exemplarily comprising two flue gas generating entities (F1 ; F2), two combined units (U1 ; U2), two stacks (A1 ; A2), a first joint flue gas duct (jF1), a cooling unit (C1), a fan (kB1 ) and a post-treatment system (P1), wherein the combined units (U1 ; U2) comprise a fan (B1 ; B2), a T-piece having an inlet (X1 ; X2) and two outlets (Y1 , Z1 ; Y2, Z2), a first valve (qV1 ; qV2) and a second valve (sV1 ; sV2).

[0306] Cited literature

[0307] - Linde & BASF, 2019, “Carbon capture, storage and utilisation”, page 05 (URL: https: / / www.linde-engineering.com / en / images / Carbon-capture-storage-utilisation-Linde- BASF_tcm19-462558.pdf)

Claims

1. Claims1 . A continuous process for the post-treating of flue gas, comprising(1 ) providing one or more, preferably two or more separate, flue gas streams (fS 1 ’ fSn’) from one or more, preferably two or more, flue gas generating entities (F1 Fn), the streams (fS1 ’ fSn’) having, independently from one another, a pressure PfS1 ’ PfSn’ in the range from 0 to 100 mbarg, wherein the respective pressures PfS1 ’ PfSn’ display a maximum pressure rate-of-change A PfS1 ’ APfSn’ below 1 mbara / second;(2) expanding the respective flue gas streams (fS1 ’ fSn’), obtaining respective expanded flue gas streams (fS1 fSn) respectively having a pressure PS’geswhich is lower than the pressure of the respective streams (fS1 ’ fSn’), wherein PS’gesis in the range from -100 to 100 mbarg, wherein PS’gesdisplays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APS’gesbelow 10 mbara / second;(3) combining the expanded flue gas streams (fS 1 fSn), obtaining a joint flue gas stream (jS1) having a pressure PSgesin the range from -100 to 100 mbarg, wherein PSgesdisplays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APSgesbelow 10 mbara / second;(4) feeding the joint flue gas stream (jS1 ) into a cooling unit (C1 ), obtaining a cooled flue gas stream (jS2) having a lower temperature than the joint flue gas stream (jS1 );(5) optionally feeding the cooled flue gas stream (jS2) into a post-treatment unit (P1), obtaining a post-treated flue gas stream (jS4).

2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process after step (3) and prior to step (4) further comprises(3. a) compressing the joint flue gas stream (jS 1 ), obtaining a compressed flue gas stream (jS3) having a higher pressure PjS3 than the joint flue gas stream (jS1 ), wherein PjS3 is in the range from 20 to 200 mbarg, wherein PjS3 displays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APjS3 below 10 mbara / second;(3.b) feeding the compressed flue gas stream (jS3) as the stream (jS1) into step (4).

3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process after step (4) and prior to step (5) further comprises(4. a) compressing the cooled flue gas stream (jS2), obtaining a compressed flue gas stream (jS3) having a higher pressure PjS3 than the cooled flue gas stream (jS2), wherein PjS3 is in the range from 20 to 200 mbarg, wherein PjS3 displays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APjS3 below 10 mbara / second(4.b) optionally feeding the compressed flue gas stream (jS3) as the stream (jS2) into step (5).

4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process after step (5) further comprises(5. a) compressing the post-treated flue gas stream GS4), obtaining a compressed flue gas stream (jS3) having a higher pressure PjS3 than the post-treated flue gas stream GS4), wherein PjS3 is in the range from 20 to 200 mbarg, wherein PjS3 displays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APjS3 below 10 mbara / second.

5. The process according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein step (1) comprises(1.1) providing one or more, preferably two or more separate, original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn) from one or more, preferably two or more, flue gas generating entities (F1 Fn);(1 .2) optionally adjusting the pressure of the respective original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn), obtaining the flue gas streams (fST fSn’);(1 .3) feeding the respective original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn) as the respective flue gas streams (fST fSn’) to step (2) or feeding the respective flue gas streams (fST fSn’) obtained in (1 .2) to step (2).

6. The process according to claim 5, wherein step (1.1) comprises(1 .1.a) providing one or more, preferably two or more separate, atmospheric gas streams;(1 .1.b) adjusting the pressure of the atmospheric gas streams, obtaining one or more, preferably two or more separate, feed streams (oST oSn’) having, independently from one another, a pressure PoST PoSn’ in the range from -5 to 0 mbarg, wherein the respective pressures PoST PoSn’ display a maximum pressure rate-of-change APoST APoSn’ below 1 mbara / second;(1.

1. c) feeding the streams (oST oSn’) independently and separately from one another to the one or more, preferably two or more, flue gas generating entities (F1 Fn), obtaining the one or more, preferably two or more separate, original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn).

7. The process according to claim 6, wherein the feed streams (oST oSn’) have, independently from one another, a pressure PoST PoSn’ in the range from -3 to 0 mbarg, preferably in the range from -2 to 0 mbarg, more preferably in the range from -1 to 0 mbarg, wherein the respective pressures PoST PoSn’ display a maximum pressure rate-of-change APoST APoSn’ below 0.5 mbara / second, preferably below 0.2 mbara / second, more preferably below ± 0.1 mbara / second.

8. The process according to any of claims 5 to 7, wherein adjusting the pressure in step (1 .2) comprises(1 .

2. a) compressing the original flue gas streams (oS1 oSn), obtaining respective compressed original flue gas streams (fS1 ” fSn”);(1 ,2.b) optionally venting the compressed original flue gas streams (fS 1 ” fSn”), obtaining the flue gas streams (fST fSn’) and vented streams (aS1aSn);(1 ,2.c) subjecting the respective flue gas streams (fS 1 ” fSn”) obtained in (1.

2. a) as the respective flue gas streams (fS1 ’ fSn’) to step (1.3) or subjecting the respective flue gas streams (fS1 ’ fSn’) obtained in (1.2.b) to step (1 -3).

9. The process according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the flue gas streams (fST, ..., fSn’) have, independently from one another, a pressure PfST PfSn’ in the range from 0 to 50 mbarg, preferably in the range from 0 to 20 mbarg, more preferably in the range from 0 to 5 mbarg, more preferably in the range of from 0 to 1 mbarg, wherein the respective pressures PfST PfSn’ display a maximum pressure rate-of-change APfS APfSn’ below 0.5 mbara / second, preferably below 0.2 mbara / second, more preferably below 0.1 mbara / second.

10. The process according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the joint flue gas stream (jS1 ) obtained in (3) has a pressure PSgesin the range from -70 to 70 mbarg, preferably in the range from -40 to 40 mbarg, more preferably in the range from -20 to 20 mbarg, wherein PSgesdisplays a maximum pressure rate-of-change APSgesbelow 10 mbara / second, preferably below 5 mbara / second, more preferably below 2 mbara / second.

11. A dynamic pressure control system for the post-treatment of flue gas for carrying out the process according to any of claims 1 to 10, the dynamic pressure control system comprising(i) a fan (B1 ) having an inlet connected to a flue gas duct and an outlet connected to a further flue gas duct;(ii) a T-piece having an inlet (X1 ), a first outlet (Y1 ) and a second outlet (Z1 ) located downstream of the fan (B1), wherein the inlet (X1 ) is connected to the flue gas duct connected to the outlet of the fan (B1), and the first outlet (Y1) and the second outlet (Z1 ) are connected to respective further flue gas ducts;(iii) a first valve (qV1 ) located downstream of the first outlet (Y1) of the T-piece, wherein the inlet of the first valve (qV1 ) is connected to the flue gas duct connected to the first outlet (Y1) of the T-piece, and the outlet of the first valve (qV1 ) is connected to a further flue gas duct.(iv) a second valve (sV1 ) located downstream of the second outlets (Z1) of the T- piece, wherein the inlet of the second valve (sV1 ) is connected to the flue gas duct connected to the second outlet (Z1 ) of the T-piece, and the outlet of the second valve (sV1 ) is connected to a further flue gas duct;(v) optionally a stack (A1) located downstream of the first valve (qV1 ) wherein the inlet of the stack (A1) is connected to the flue gas duct connected to the outlet of the first valve (qV1 );(vi) a first joint flue gas duct (jF1) located downstream of the second valve (sV1 ) and connected to the outlet of the second valve (sV1 );(vii) a cooling unit (C1) located downstream of the joint flue gas duct (jF1 ), wherein the inlet of the cooling unit (C1) is connected to the joint flue gas duct (jF1) and the outlet of the cooling unit (C1 ) is connected to a second joint flue gas duct;(viii) optionally a post-treatment system (P1) located downstream of the cooling unit (C1 ), wherein the inlet of the post-treatment system (P1) is connected to the second joint flue gas duct.

12. The dynamic pressure control system according to claim 11 , wherein the system further comprises a fan (kB1) located downstream of the first flue gas duct (jF1) and upstream of the cooling unit (C1), wherein the fan (kB1) is in fluid communication with the duct (jF1) and the cooling unit (C1); or wherein the system further comprises a fan (kB1) located downstream of the cooling unit (C1) and optionally upstream of the post-treatment system (P1), wherein the fan (kB1) is in fluid communication with the cooling unit (C1) and with the post-treatment system (P1); or wherein the system further comprises a fan (kB1) located downstream of the posttreatment system (P1) wherein the fan (kB1) is in fluid communication with the posttreatment system (P1).

13. The dynamic pressure control system of claim 11 or 12, wherein the components in (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) form a combined unit (U 1 ) of the system.

14. The dynamic pressure control system of claim 13, wherein the system comprises two or more combined units (U1 Un) respectively connected to the first joint flue gas duct (jF1) via the outlets of their respective second valves (sV1 sVn) and respectively connected to the outlets of the respective separate flue gas generating entity (F1 Fn) via the inlets of their respective fans (B1 Bn).

15. Use of the dynamic pressure control system according to any of claims 11 to 14 for post-treating flue gas from one or more separate flue gas generating entities.

Images