Multifunctional road maintenance vehicle comprising means for the rapid loading of tools in front of the vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a multifunctional road maintenance vehicle comprising means for the rapid loading of tools in front of the vehicle with or without inserting specific means for loading and unloading the tool, comprising means for centring (3, 3', 4, 4', 9, 9', 18, 19) and locking / unlocking (13, 17, 17', 20, 21, 22) on the tool (1), and comprising means for centring (5, 5', 6) and locking / unlocking (7, 7', 7a, 8, 8', 8a, 8a') correspondingly mounted on the front part of a chassis (2) of a road maintenance vehicle, the means being designed to engage with one another so as to ensure automatic locking of the tool onto the chassis by clipping and manual unlocking of the tool in a single movement made by the operator by means of tilting locks (7, 7') which are mounted on the chassis and designed to interact with locking pins (17, 17') at the back of the tool.

Description

MULTI-FUNCTIONAL ROAD MAINTENANCE VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH MEANS FOR THE RAPID LOADING OF TOOLS AT THE FRONT OF THE VEHICLE

[0001] The invention relates to a road maintenance vehicle designed to perform various functions for road surface treatment, comprising mechanical means for the rapid assembly and disassembly of the tools required for each task. The vehicle could be, for example, an urban sweeper, a dust collector, a snowplow, or a watering vehicle.

[0002] Vehicles of this type consist essentially of an articulated or non-articulated chassis, comprising at least two axles and to which can be attached cleaning means such as brushes, blades or brooms, suction means, a receptacle to receive the suctioned residues, possibly a water tank of sufficient capacity and a control station.

[0003] To avoid the significant costs that would result from the acquisition and maintenance of a fleet of single-function vehicles, i.e., each capable of performing only one task, or to avoid the cost and time that would be involved in the need to immobilize a vehicle and intervene each time it is necessary to equip it in anticipation of a specific task, it may be useful to have simple mechanical means allowing, where appropriate, a single operator, who may be the one driving the vehicle, to ensure as simply and as quickly as possible the removal, or loading, of the tool that will be necessary for the vehicle to perform the task assigned to it.

[0004] We know from prior art various methods which allow a single vehicle to be used to perform different tasks by means of interchanging tools.

[0005] Thus, document FR2641743 describes a vehicle fitted to be equipped with an interchangeable tool, the vehicle comprising a conventional fixed chassis on which is mounted a tilting chassis around a pivot axis at the rear of the fixed chassis, so that the loading and unloading of the tool is carried out after tilting the chassis, by pulling or respectively progressively releasing by pulling means, the tool being intended to rest on the ground in an inclined position before loading and after unloading.

[0006] This method, while fulfilling its intended purpose, remains extremely complex as it involves the use of a double chassis permanently mounted on the vehicle, and more specifically a tilting chassis articulated at the rear of a fixed chassis to allow the tool to be loaded or unloaded by sliding, with retractable feet designed to deploy from the mobile chassis to ensure the stability of the whole during its use.

[0007] This system is complex and significantly alters the design and structure of the vehicle, making it heavier since the elements that allow the unloading, or loading, of the tools are permanently present on the chassis.

[0008] Finally, planning a switchover can complicate and slow down operations, notably by requiring a larger usable volume in the workshop.

[0009] However, for obvious reasons of economy and efficiency, the operations to replace a tool must be able to be carried out in a minimum of time, with a minimum of material and human resources, the main thing being to avoid the vehicle being immobilized for too long a period.

[0010] A variant is also described in document US5542815, which has the same disadvantages, although here the tilting is controlled and stabilized not by means of retractable feet but by a jack which deploys from a fixed frame.

[0011] The closest prior art known to the applicant is described in document WO 2016 / 150506, which illustrates a multi-purpose road vehicle comprising means for the rapid loading of tools in front of the vehicle, with or without the interposition of specific means for loading and unloading the tool, and comprising, on the one hand, means for centering and locking / unlocking on the tool, and on the other hand, centering and locking / unlocking means mounted in correspondence in the front part of a chassis of a road vehicle, said means being designed to cooperate with each other so as to ensure the automatic locking of the tool to the chassis by clipping and the manual unlocking of said tool in a single movement by the operator by means of toggle locks mounted on the chassis and designed to engage locking pins behind the tool.

[0012] The invention aims to remedy the aforementioned disadvantages by providing a road maintenance vehicle in which the tool can be automatically locked onto the chassis and can be manually unlocked without using any mechanical, electrical or other controls, so that tool changes can be carried out in a limited space, without the need for substantial modification of the vehicle chassis and without having to tilt the tools to load or unload them, whether or not intermediate support means are used for transporting the tool.

[0013] By tools, we mean any mechanical means associated with the vehicle and enabling one of its expected tasks to be carried out on the road, such as for example sweeping, snow removal, washing, dust or waste collection etc.

[0014] More specifically, the vehicle includes centering and guiding means, respectively locking / unlocking means, on the chassis at the front of the vehicle and at the rear of the tool, these means being designed to cooperate with each other so as to ensure automatic locking of the tool to the chassis by clipping and manual unlocking in a single movement by the operator.

[0015] The front section of the vehicle refers to the part of the vehicle located in the immediate vicinity of the cab, in the direction of travel. The rear section of the implement refers to the part of the implement that is designed to connect to the front section of the vehicle.

[0016] The invention will be better understood with reference to the attached figures, in which, by way of example, the installation of a heavy tool is described, the centering and locking / unlocking means of which cooperate with those of the chassis by means of intermediate support means for transporting the tool, consisting of a transport pallet.

[0017] It should be noted that if the tool placement phase is described in detail, the same operations will apply in reverse to remove that tool.

[0018] shows a classic road vehicle with its main component parts.

[0019] is a three-quarter front view of a tool being transported on a transport pallet,

[0020] is a detailed view of the, showing the means of locking the tool onto the transport pallet;

[0021] is a side view of the tool shown in the;

[0022] is a detailed view of the, showing the centering and locking / unlocking means on the tool;

[0023] is a partial side view showing the tool on the drop pallet ready to be coupled with the front of the road vehicle;

[0024] is a detailed view of the, showing the means of locking / unlocking the chassis;

[0025] is a side view showing the tool being mounted on the front part of the vehicle;

[0026] is a top view of the tool shown in the;

[0027] is a partial side view showing the centering of the tool with the front of the vehicle;

[0028] is a partial side view showing the tool locking onto the front of the vehicle;

[0029] is a detailed view of the, showing the cooperation between the centering means on the front of the vehicle and on the rear of the tool;

[0030] is a detailed view of the, showing the means of locking / unlocking the tool;

[0031] is a partial top view of the tool shown in the;

[0032] is a partial side view showing the tool being unlocked;

[0033] is a side view showing the drop pallet approaching;

[0034] is a side view showing the tool connected to the chassis, with the palette ready for disconnection;

[0035] is a detailed view of the;

[0036] is a detailed view extending the;

[0037] illustrates an alternative embodiment showing a variant of manual coupling of a light tool not requiring a depositing pallet, the tool being locked;

[0038] shows the tool unlocking according to the variant of the;

[0039] is a top view of the.

[0040] In the following description, "centering" and "guidance" are used interchangeably to refer to the means on both the tool and the vehicle chassis that ensure the proper positioning of the tool, both during installation and removal.

[0041] Similarly, "locking means" may refer to the means of ensuring that the tool is locked in position, but also that it is unlocked, the tool being intended to be placed, or removed, as needed, and not to be permanently fixed to the vehicle.

[0042] This is a side view of a typical road maintenance vehicle.

[0043] As is known, this vehicle consists of a chassis (2), which may or may not be articulated, and which receives in its front part a cab (2') from which the operator can pilot and steer the vehicle and control various tools (1, 1') mounted in front or behind the chassis, in order to fulfill the functions of treating a determined area.

[0044] Various tools (1') can be mounted at the rear of the chassis (2), for example a tank for receiving the collected objects, as in the example shown in the figure.

[0045] The rear tool (1') not being part of the present invention, it will not be described in further detail.

[0046] Front and rear refer to the direction of movement of the vehicle. In the figures, the front of the vehicle, and therefore of the chassis, is on the left, given the chosen direction of representation.

[0047] Various tools (1), such as brushes or spray nozzles, can also be mounted in front of the cabin (2'). In the example shown, the front tool (1) is represented, for the sake of simplicity, as a volume whose specific function will not be described as it is external to the invention.

[0048] In the description that follows, when the figures are shown in side view, certain elements arranged symmetrically on the opposite (and therefore hidden) side to the one shown do not appear, such as the lateral guide (3'), the centering wheel (4'), the lock (7'), the spring (8'), the tension screw (8a'), the tilting unlocking pad (15'), the lateral fork (16') and the locking pin (17'), but perform exactly the same function as the elements (3, 4, 7, 8, 8a, 15, 16 or 17) which correspond to them symmetrically on the side shown.

[0049] According to the invention, the front tool (1) and the chassis (2) each include centering means and locking / unlocking means, these means being designed to cooperate with each other to ensure the installation, respectively the removal, of a tool, with or without the interposition of specific means for loading and unloading this tool.

[0050] In Figures 2, 4, 6, and 9, in particular, the centering means (3, 3', 4, 4', 9, 9', 18, 19) and locking / unlocking means (13, 17, 17', 20, 21, 22) on the tool (1) are shown, as well as the centering means (5, 5', 6) and locking / unlocking means (7, 7', 7a, 8, 8', 8a, 8a') mounted in correspondence on the front part of the chassis (2) of the road maintenance vehicle. These means are designed to cooperate with each other to ensure the automatic locking of the tool to the chassis by clipping and the manual unlocking of said tool in a single action by the operator using pivoting locks (7, 7') mounted on the chassis and designed to engage locking pins (17, 17'). rear of the tool.

[0051] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention which will be described with reference to figures 2 to 19, the centering means (3, 3', 4, 4', 9, 9', 18, 19) and locking / unlocking means (13, 17, 17', 20, 21, 22) on the tool (1) and the centering means (5, 5', 6) and locking / unlocking means (7, 7', 7a, 8, 8', 8a, 8a') on the chassis (2) cooperate with each other through loading and unloading means (10, 10', 10'', 11, 12, 14, 15, 15', 16, 16') which are independent of the chassis (2) of the vehicle and of the tool (1).

[0052] More specifically, the independent loading and unloading means (10, 10', 10'', 11, 12, 14, 15, 15', 16, 16') include a transport pallet (10), on which are provided the elements enabling the blocking, locking and unlocking of the tool which is transported by said pallet.

[0053] According to a simplified embodiment of the invention relating to light tools, which will be described later with reference to figures 20 to 22, the centering means (3, 3', 4, 4', 9, 9', 18, 19) and locking / unlocking means (13, 17, 17', 20, 21, 22) on the tool (1), and the centering means (5, 5', 6) and locking / unlocking means (7, 7', 7a, 8, 8', 8a, 8a') on the frame (2) cooperate directly with each other, without the interposition of other means.

[0054] Figures 2 to 5 show a front tool (1) transported on a transport pallet (10), to be positioned facing the chassis of the road vehicle to which it is to be coupled.

[0055] The transport pallet (10) intended to allow the placement and alignment of the tool (1) for its connection to the chassis (2), respectively its removal, is composed of a horizontal base (10') of sufficient size to stably support a large tool and also designed to be able to be moved by means of a pallet jack of known type.

[0056] This horizontal base (10') receives at least two vertical feet (10''), respectively rear (10''a) and front (10''b), placed at each of its two ends and on which the tool will rest, as can be seen in particular in figures 2 and 8.

[0057] As mentioned earlier, "front" and "rear" refer to the positioning of the tool relative to the chassis on which it is to be placed, and to the direction of travel of the vehicle.

[0058] The vertical base called rear (10''a) is therefore the one that will be opposite the chassis (2) and the base called front (10''b) is the one that is at the opposite end.

[0059] The rear vertical leg (10''a) is higher than the front vertical leg (10''b).

[0060] The rear vertical base (10"a) and the front vertical base (10"b) are connected at their upper free ends by a horizontal connecting cross member (10"c), which has an angled section at its end connecting to the rear vertical base (10"a). This angled section compensates for the difference in level between the rear (10"a) and front (10"b) vertical bases and creates a substantially triangular space defined in the vertical and horizontal planes by the tool and transversely by the upper edge of the angled section of the connecting cross member (10"c). This space allows for the deployment of locking / unlocking means for the tool (1).

[0061] The tool (1) rests on the base (10''a) and the cross member (10''c) of the transport pallet (10) at at least three points, two of which are located on either side behind the tool and the third in a central position in front of the tool, as can be seen on the figure which will be described in more detail later.

[0062] The rear vertical base (10''a) has on each of its lateral edges a fork-shaped piece (16, 16'), called the rear lateral fork (16, 16'), these two forks constituting two of the three support points of the tool when it is in place on the transport pallet (10).

[0063] The third support point of the tool consists of another fork-shaped piece, called the front central fork (12), which is provided on the right part of the horizontal cross member (10''c), in a substantially central position, as can be seen in particular.

[0064] The rear side forks (16, 16') are designed to ensure the lifting of the tool by cooperating with the centering means (3, 3', 4, 4', 9, 9', 18, 19) and the locking / unlocking means (13, 17, 17', 20, 21, 22) of said tool.

[0065] The shape of the pallet, its base and the feet, as represented, is not in itself decisive, provided that the dimensions and resistance are adapted to the purpose pursued, which is the transport of a road maintenance tool that may be of significant size and weight.

[0066] Additional points can be provided depending on the load distribution to improve the overall stability.

[0067] The rear foot (10''a) of the base (10') also includes opposite and above each of the rear side forks (16, 16') a tilting buffer (15, 15') arranged outside behind each of the two side guides (3, 3') to lift and then unlock the tool (1) during removal.

[0068] The tilting buffers (15, 15') are independent of each other.

[0069] The horizontal cross member (10''c) of the base (10') has in its right part a movable carriage (14) that can slide between two end positions (14', 14''), the rear end of the carriage (14) having upwards an extension forming a locking cleat (11) to hold the tool in position and prevent it from moving forward during transport.

[0070] The rear part of the tool (1) is positioned opposite the front part of the vehicle, with centering means (3, 3', 4, 4', 9, 9', 18, 19) and locking / unlocking means (13, 17, 17', 20, 21, 22), intended to cooperate with centering means (5, 5', 6) and locking / unlocking means (7, 7', 7a, 8, 8', 8a, 8a') mounted correspondingly on the chassis of the vehicle.

[0071] More specifically, the centering means (3, 3', 4, 4', 9, 9', 18, 19) on the tool consist of a pair of lateral guides (3) extending laterally on either side of the body of the tool (1) and having at each of their two free ends, directed towards the vehicle, a centering wheel (4, 4'), and at each of their corresponding opposite ends, a guide wheel (9, 9').

[0072] The inner edges of the lateral guides (3, 3') are connected perpendicularly to each other by a front cross member (18), respectively rear cross member (19), allowing the centering / guiding means (3, 3', 4, 4', 9, 9', 18, 19) and locking / unlocking means (13, 17, 17', 20, 21, 22) of the tool to be stiffened, and to prevent deformations during installation or removal operations.

[0073] The locking / unlocking means (13, 17, 17', 20, 21, 22) on the tool comprise, in the extension of the lateral guides (3, 3'), a support axis (13) connecting their lateral walls and which rests on the front central fork (12) of the pallet (10), and at the rear two locking axes (17, 17') which rest on the two rear lateral forks (16 and 16') of said pallet (10).

[0074] The centering means (5, 5', 6) and locking / unlocking means (7, 7', 7a, 8, 8', 8a, 8a') on the chassis (2) of the vehicle consist of a pair of lateral guide rails (5, 5') in front of the cab, one of the rails (5), called the upper one, being arranged upwards, and the other (5'), called the lower one, being arranged downwards, as can be seen in the.

[0075] The coupling operation of the tool (1) to the chassis (2) of the vehicle is now described, with reference to figures 6 to 14.

[0076] The centering wheels (4, 4') are guided by the rails (5, 5') to their end, which is provided with an opening (6) to evacuate dirt.

[0077] The guide rollers (9, 9') fixed on each of the two lateral guides (3, 3') at the free end of the tool (1) guide it when it approaches the rails (5, 5') arranged in correspondence on the frame (2).

[0078] The rollers (9, 9') act as a stop against the rails (5, 5') and prevent the tool (1) from colliding with the cabin (2') during installation and removal.

[0079] The guide wheels (9, 9') are made of a material with good elasticity properties to cushion shocks and jolts during transport that may result from either the operator's driving or defects in the road surface.

[0080] At the opposite end, the side guides (3, 3') maintain a gap with the rear wall of the cab (2') to prevent the tool (1) from hitting it when coupling to the chassis (2), with the risk of this damaging the glazed surfaces.

[0081] As can be seen in particular in figures 7 and 8, locks (7, 7') mounted on the chassis (2) of the vehicle allow the tool (1) to be locked by blocking the rear locking axes (17, 17') of the tool in a chamfered opening (7a) forming a flat surface provided at the front of the chassis.

[0082] It should be noted that the lock (7') which is not shown in the figure, is located on the opposite side of the chassis, corresponding to the lock (7) shown in the figure.

[0083] By pivoting around its axis of attachment to the chassis, the lock (7), respectively (7'), engages the rear locking axis (17), respectively (17') of the tool, locking it in position.

[0084] The opening (7a) is formed to rest on a flat surface and chamfered upwards to allow movement of the tool relative to the lock.

[0085] The locks (7 and 7') are equipped with springs (8 and 8'). During coupling (and 9), each of the pivoting pads (15, 15') comes into contact with its corresponding lock (7, 7') and unlocks the tool.

[0086] The locks (7 and 7') are independent of each other, which ensures maximum safety and prevents the risk of accidental uncoupling.

[0087] The tilting buffers (15, 15') can be locked in three positions:

[0088] - the open position according to (),

[0089] - the unlocking position according to ()

[0090] - and the locking position of the tool on the pallet according to ().

[0091] At the rear, the front support axle (13) of the tool is blocked by the front central fork (12) of the transport pallet (10), and at the front, by the mobile trolley (14) with its locking cleat (11), as can be seen in particular.

[0092] Additional support points can be provided on the mobile trolley (14) depending on the position of the center of gravity of the assembly.

[0093] We now describe the operation of removing the tool (1) from the chassis (2) of the vehicle (figures 15 to 19).

[0094] Before starting the tool removal process, disconnect the power cord and any auxiliary plugs.

[0095] The tool is unlocked from the chassis by lifting the pallet (10), the two independent tilting buffers (15, 15') then tilting the independent locks (7, 7') and unlocking the rear locking axes (17, 17').

[0096] The two rear side forks (16, 16') interact with the two rocker pads (15, 15') and allow the tool (1) to be unlocked during uncoupling.

[0097] The pads (15, 15'), by pushing back the locks (7, 7'), release the centering which is a constituent part of the tool's frame.

[0098] The tool can then be easily removed from the vehicle by pulling on the pallet jack to make it move backwards.

[0099] Figures 20 to 23 illustrate a variant implementation of the invention, intended more particularly for the placement and removal of light tools, which do not require the use of a transport pallet or other intermediate support.

[0100] According to this simplified variant, the centering means and the locking / unlocking means on the tool cooperate directly with the centering means and the locking / unlocking means on the chassis.

[0101] As can be seen on the figure, a lever (20) is mounted on one side of the tool and can be held in position by means of an indexing stop (22) provided to block the rotation of the lever (20).

[0102] The lever (20) allows a lug (21) mounted under each of the locks (7, 7') to be tilted upwards and the locks to be pushed upwards, thus causing the tool to be unlocked.

[0103] The operation of uncoupling the tool from the chassis can thus be carried out manually and in a simple tilting movement of the lever (20).

[0104] List of digital landmarks

[0105] 1: Tools before

[0106] 1': Rear tool

[0107] 2: Vehicle chassis

[0108] 2': Cabin

[0109] 3, 3': Side guides

[0110] 4, 4': Centering wheels

[0111] 5: Upper guide rail

[0112] 5': Lower guide rail

[0113] 6: Evacuation opening

[0114] 7, 7': Locks

[0115] 7a: Chamfered surface

[0116] 8, 8': Lock springs

[0117] 8a, 8a': Spring tensioning screws

[0118] 9, 9': Locking rollers

[0119] 10: Transport pallet

[0120] 10': Base of the transport pallet

[0121] 10": Base of the transport pallet

[0122] 10''a: Rear vertical base

[0123] 10''b: Front vertical base

[0124] 10"c: Horizontal connecting cross member

[0125] 11: Front locking cleat

[0126] 12: Front central fork

[0127] 13: Front support axis of the tool

[0128] 14: Mobile cart

[0129] 14', 14'': Travel limits of the moving carriage

[0130] 15, 15': Tilting release pads

[0131] 16, 16': Rear side forks

[0132] 17, 17': Rear locking axes of the tool

[0133] 18: Rear crossbar of the tool

[0134] 19: Front crossbar of the tool

[0135] 20: Release lever

[0136] 21: Rotating cleat

[0137] 22: Indexation stop

Claims

A multi-purpose road maintenance vehicle comprising means for the rapid loading of tools at the front of the vehicle, with or without the interposition of specific means for loading and unloading the tool, comprising, on the one hand, centering means (3, 3', 4, 4', 9, 9', 18, 19) and locking / unlocking means (13, 17, 17', 20, 21, 22) on the tool (1), and, on the other hand, centering means (5, 5', 6) and locking / unlocking means (7, 7', 7a, 8, 8', 8a, 8a') mounted in correspondence on the front part of a chassis (2) of a road maintenance vehicle, said means being designed to cooperate with each other so as to ensure the automatic locking of the tool to the chassis by clipping and the manual unlocking of said tool in a single movement by the operator by means of locks (7, 7') tilting arms mounted on the frame and designed to engage locking pins (17, 17') behind the tool, characterized in that the centering means (3, 3', 4, 4', 9, 9', 18,19) and locking / unlocking (13, 17, 17', 20, 21, 22) on the tool (1), and the centering (5, 5', 6) and locking / unlocking (7, 7', 7a, 8, 8', 8a, 8a') means on the chassis (2) cooperate with each other through loading and unloading means (10, 10', 10'', 11, 12, 14, 15, 15', 16, 16') which are independent of the chassis (2) of the vehicle and of the tool (1), said independent loading and unloading means (10, 10', 10'', 11, 12, 14, 15, 15', 16, 16') comprising a transport pallet (10), consisting of a horizontal base (10') and at least two vertical supports (10'') respectively rear (10''a) and front (10''b), placed at each of the two ends of said base to support the tool (1), said rear vertical support (10''a) being higher than said front vertical support (10''b),the vertical legs (10''a) and (10''b) being connected to each other at their free upper end by a horizontal connecting crossbar (10''c) having an angled portion at its end attached to the rear vertical leg (10''a). Road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the centering means (5, 5', 6) and locking / unlocking means (7, 7', 7a, 8, 8', 8a, 8a') on the chassis (2) of the vehicle are made up of a pair of lateral guide rails (5, 5') in front of the cab, one of the rails (5), referred to as upper, being arranged upwards, and the other (5'), referred to as lower, being arranged downwards. Road vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that the tool (1) rests on the base (10''a) and the cross member (10''c) of the transport pallet (10) at at least three points, two of which are located on either side behind the tool and the third in a central position in front of the tool. Road vehicle according to claim 2 or claim 3, characterized in that the rear base (10''a) which is arranged opposite the chassis (2) has on each of its lateral edges a fork-shaped piece (16, 16'), called rear lateral forks (16, 16'), constituting two of the three support points of the tool when it is in place on the transport pallet (10). Road vehicle according to claim 3 or claim 4, characterized in that the third support point of the tool is constituted by a fork-shaped part, called the front central fork (12) which is provided on the right part of the horizontal cross member (10''c), in a substantially central position. Road vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that the rails (5, 5') have at their free end an opening (6) for the evacuation of dirt. Road vehicle according to any one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the centering means (3, 3', 4, 4', 9, 9', 18, 19) on the tool consist of a pair of lateral guides (3, 3') extending laterally on either side of the body of the tool (1) and having at each of their two free ends, directed towards the vehicle, a centering wheel (4, 4'), and at each of their corresponding opposite ends, a guide roller (9), the rollers (9, 9') forming a stop against the rails (5, 5') to prevent direct contact between the tool (1) and the cab (2') during the laying and unlaying operations, the lateral guides (3, 3') maintaining a gap with the rear wall of said cab (2'). Road vehicle claim 7, characterized in that the locking / unlocking means (13, 17, 17', 20, 21, 22) on the tool comprise in the extension of the lateral guides (3, 3') a support axis (13) connecting their lateral walls and which rests on the front central fork (12) of the pallet (10), and at the rear two locking axes (17, 17') which rest on the two rear lateral forks (16 and 16') of said pallet (10). Road vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pivoting locks (7, 7') of the chassis (2) are actuated by springs (8 and 8') allowing the rear locking axes (17, 17') of the tool to be blocked in a chamfered opening (7a) forming a flat surface to lock the tool (1). Road vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that the locks (7 and 7') are independent of each other. Road vehicle according to any one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that the rear foot (10''a) of the base (10') further comprises opposite and above each of the rear side forks (16, 16') a tilting buffer (15, 15') disposed outside behind each of the two side guides (3, 3') to lift and then unlock the tool (1) during removal. Road vehicle of claim 11, characterized in that the two tilting buffers (15, 15') are independent of each other. Road vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the horizontal cross member (10''c) of the base (10') has in its right part a movable carriage (14) that can slide between two end positions (14', 14''), the rear end of the carriage (14) having upwards an extension forming a locking cleat (11). Road vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the centering means (3, 3', 4, 4', 9, 9', 18, 19) and locking / unlocking means (13, 17, 17', 20, 21, 22) on the tool (1) cooperate directly with the centering means (5, 5', 6) on the chassis and the locking / unlocking means (7, 7', 7a, 8, 8', 8a, 8a') on the chassis (2), the centering means and the locking / unlocking means on the chassis, the separation of the tool and the chassis being achieved by means of a lever (20) mounted on one side of the tool and which can be held in position by means of an indexing stop (22) provided to block the rotation of the lever. Road vehicle according to claim 14, characterized in that the lever (20) allows a cleat (21) mounted under each of the locks (7, 7') to be tilted upwards and said locks to be pushed upwards, thus causing the tool to be unlocked.

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