Systems and methods for thermal management of a battery pack

Abstract

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for managing the thermal performance of a battery pack to optimize both its thermal efficiency and fast charging capabilities. The system (100) includes a charging unit (104) and a discharging unit (106) for charging and discharging the battery pack (102), respectively, and a critical State-of-Charge (SoC) acquiring unit (108) to identify one or more critical SoC values. A temperature threshold determination unit (110) determines or predicts a critical temperature value (Tc) related to the critical SoC value during charging. A control unit (112) evaluates a probability of whether the critical temperature value exceeds a pre-determined temperature threshold value, and controls the discharging unit (106) to discharge the battery cells when the probability is below a predefined threshold.

Description

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF ABATTERY PACKTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to battery packs. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to systems and methods for thermal management of a battery pack, so as to optimize thermal performance of the battery pack during charging and discharging thereof.BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, the demand for high-performance battery packs has increased significantly, largely due to the rapid growth of electric vehicles, portable electronics, and renewable energy storage solutions. As these technologies become more common, optimizing the thermal performance of battery packs during charging and discharging has become essential for improving their overall efficiency, safety, and lifespan.

[0003] Batteries, especially lithium-ion types, are particularly sensitive to temperature changes. Extremely high temperatures during charging and discharging can accelerate the degradation of battery materials, reduce capacity, and pose safety risks, such as thermal runaway. Conversely, extremely low temperatures can impede electrochemical reactions, leading to decreased performance and capacity. Thus, effectively managing the thermal environment of battery packs is crucial for maximizing their reliability and operational lifespan. Moreover, it is well known that fast charging of lithium-ion battery packs at low temperatures creates adverse environment at the anode wherein lithium ions may not intercalate into the anode (typically made of graphite) as they normally would, and instead they would plate onto the anode’s surface as metallic lithium. This can significantly accelerate the degradation of the battery pack’s state of health, and potentially lead to safety concerns.

[0004] Existing thermal management techniques often rely on passive cooling systems, which have limitations in adapting to different operating conditions and often struggle to adapt to the varying thermal conditions encountered during operation Although active temperature management systems like liquid cooling or forced air can provide better thermal control, they also introduce significant weight, complexity, and costs to the battery design.

[0005] There is, therefore, a need in the art for innovative solutions that can effectively optimize the thermal performance of battery packs during charge and discharge cycles at critical SoCs in low-temperature environments. Such techniques should facilitate real-timemonitoring and adaptive thermal management to enhance energy efficiency and extend battery life without unnecessary complexity or weight.OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE

[0006] A general object of the present disclosure is to provide systems and methods for thermal management of battery packs.

[0007] An object of the present disclosure is to provide battery management systems and methods, which optimize thermal performance of battery packs during critical state of charges (SOCs) at low temperatures.

[0008] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a reliable solution to improve operational efficiency, safety, and longevity of battery packs operating in low- temperature settings.

[0009] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide systems and methods for thermal management of battery packs, in order to allow fast charging for the battery packs, even in extremely low-temperature settings.

[0010] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide systems and methods for thermal management of battery packs, which optimize thermal performance of the battery packs while ensuring adherence to pre-configured charging time and charging rules.SUMMARY

[0011] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to systems and methods for thermal management of battery packs. The systems and methods optimize thermal performance during charging or discharging of the battery packs at critical state of charges (SOCs) at low temperatures. These techniques enhance operational efficiency, safety, and longevity of the battery packs in cold environments while enabling fast charging even under extreme low- temperature conditions. Additionally, the systems and methods of the present disclosure ensure compliance with pre-configured charging times and rules, promoting overall effectiveness in battery management.

[0012] In an aspect, a system for thermal management of a battery pack includes a charging unit configured to enable charging of one or more cells of the battery pack, and a discharging unit configured to enable discharging of the one or more cells of the battery pack. The system includes a critical State-of-Charge (SoC) acquiring unit configured to determine one or more critical SoC values for the battery pack at which charging of the battery pack at atemperature lower than a pre-determined temperature threshold value leads to degradation of the one or more cells. The critical SoC acquiring unit may determine the one or more critical SoC values through tests performed on the one or more cells of the battery pack, or fetching the one or more critical SoC values by looking at fleet data of the battery pack and identifying SOC values associated with anomalies. The system includes a temperature threshold determination unit configured to determine a critical temperature value for the one or more critical SoC values during the charging of the battery pack. The system also includes a control unit configured to determine a probability of whether the critical temperature value is greater than the temperature threshold value. The control unit is also configured to control the discharging unit to enable discharging of the one or more cells of the battery pack when the calculated probability is less than a pre-defined threshold value.

[0013] In an embodiment, the control unit may be configured to control the critical SoC acquiring unit to determine the one or more critical SoC values for the battery pack as NULL for a pre-defined time interval.

[0014] In an embodiment, the control unit may be configured to determine a probability of whether the critical temperature value associated with the one or more critical SoC values determined as NULL is greater than the temperature threshold value, for the predefined time interval. This enables an average temperature of the battery pack to be maintained above the temperature threshold value for the pre-defined time interval.

[0015] In an embodiment, the discharging unit may be configured to supply energy stored in the one or more cells of the battery pack to at least one motor. For example, the discharging unit may supply the energy stored in the one or more cells of the battery pack to a motor installed in an electric vehicle.

[0016] In an embodiment, the control unit may be configured to control the discharging unit to regulate a discharge current of the one or more cells to prevent generation of torque by the at least one motor, during the supply of the energy stored in the one or more cells to the at least one motor.

[0017] In an embodiment, the control unit may be configured to regulate the discharge current of the one or more cells to maintain an operating temperature of the at least one motor below a pre-defined motor temperature threshold value.

[0018] In an embodiment, the control unit may be configured to regulate the discharge current of the one or more cells to enable charging of the battery pack within a predetermined charging time.

[0019] In an embodiment, the control unit may be configured to calculate a depth of discharge for the battery pack to optimize the probability of whether the critical temperature value is greater than the temperature threshold value, during the charging of the battery pack.

[0020] In an embodiment, the control unit may be configured to control the discharging unit to enable the one or more cells to be discharged in any of a continuous and a pulsed manner.

[0021] Another aspect of the present invention pertains to a method for thermal management of a battery pack. The method includes the steps of charging, by a charging unit, one or more cells of the battery pack, and determining, by a critical State-of-Charge (SoC) acquiring unit, one or more critical SoC values for the battery pack at which charging of the battery pack at a temperature lower than a pre-determined temperature threshold value leads to degradation of the one or more cells. The method also includes the steps of estimating, by a temperature threshold determination unit, a critical temperature value for the one or more critical SoC values during the charging of the battery pack, and calculating, by a control unit, a probability of whether the critical temperature value is greater than the temperature threshold value. Thereafter, the method includes the step of controlling, by the control unit, a discharging unit to enable discharging of the one or more cells of the battery pack when the calculated probability is less than a pre-defined threshold value.

[0022] In an embodiment, the step of determining may include assigning the one or more critical SoC values for the battery pack as NULL for a pre-defined time interval.

[0023] In an embodiment, the step of calculating may include determining a probability of whether the critical temperature value associated with the one or more critical SoC values determined as NULL is greater than the temperature threshold value, for the pre-defined time interval, to enable an average temperature of the battery pack to be maintained above the temperature threshold value for the pre-defined time interval.

[0024] In an embodiment, the step of controlling may include discharging of the one or more cells of the battery pack by supplying energy stored in the one or more cells to at least one motor.

[0025] In an embodiment, the step of controlling may include regulating a discharge current of the one or more cells to prevent generation of torque by the at least one motor, during the supply of the energy stored in the one or more cells to the at least one motor.

[0026] In an embodiment, the step of controlling may include regulating the discharge current of the one or more cells to maintain an operating temperature of the at least one motor below a pre-defined motor temperature threshold value.

[0027] In an embodiment, the step of controlling may include regulating the discharge current of the one or more cells to enable charging of the battery pack within a predetermined charging time.

[0028] In an embodiment, the step of controlling may include calculating a depth of discharge for the battery pack to optimize the probability of whether the critical temperature value is greater than the temperature threshold value, during the charging of the battery pack.

[0029] In an embodiment, the step of controlling may include controlling the discharging unit to enable the one or more cells to be discharged in any of a continuous and a pulsed manner.

[0030] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a battery management system, which includes a charging unit configured to enable charging of one or more cells of the battery pack, and a discharging unit configured to enable discharging of the one or more cells of the battery pack by supplying energy stored in the one or more cells to at least one motor of an electric vehicle. The battery management system includes a critical State-of-Charge (SoC) acquiring unit configured to determine one or more critical SoC values for the battery pack at which fast charging or discharging of the battery pack at a temperature lower than a pre-determined temperature threshold value is prevented. The battery management system also includes a temperature threshold determination unit configured to determine a maximum temperature value of the one or more cells of the battery pack at the one or more critical SoC values, and a control unit configured to determine whether the maximum temperature value is less than the temperature threshold value. The control unit is configured to control the discharging unit to enable discharging of the one or more cells of the battery pack when the maximum temperature value is less than the temperature threshold value, based on any of a riding state and a parked state of the electric vehicle.

[0031] In an embodiment, the control unit may be configured to control the charging unit to enable fast charging of the one or more cells of the battery pack when the maximum temperature value is determined to be greater than the temperature threshold value.

[0032] In an embodiment, the control unit may be configured to control the discharging unit to enable discharging of the one or more cells, when the electric vehicle is in the riding state, by supplying a discharge current from the one or more cells to the at least one motor, tomaintain the maximum temperature value associated with the one or more critical SoC values to be greater than the temperature threshold value.

[0033] In an embodiment, the control unit may be configured to regulate the discharge current supplied from the one or more cells to the at least one motor to adjust regeneration strength and efficiency of the at least one motor.

[0034] In an embodiment, the control unit may be configured to control the discharging unit to enable discharging of the one or more cells, when the electric vehicle is in the parked state, by supplying a discharge current from the one or more cells to the at least one motor in a pulsed manner. This setup ensures that the maximum temperature value associated with the one or more critical SoC values is maintained greater than the temperature threshold value.

[0035] In an embodiment, the control unit may be configured to regulate the discharge current of the one or more cells to prevent generation of torque by the at least one motor.

[0036] In an embodiment, the control unit may be configured to regulate the discharge current of the one or more cells to maintain an operating temperature of the at least one motor below a pre-defined motor temperature threshold value.

[0037] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a battery management method, which includes the steps of charging, by a charging unit, one or more cells of the battery pack, and determining, by a critical State-of-Charge (SoC) acquiring unit, one or more critical SoC values for the battery pack at which fast charging or discharging of the battery pack at a temperature lower than a pre-determined temperature threshold value is prevented. The battery management method includes the step of estimating, by a temperature threshold determination unit, a maximum temperature value of the one or more cells of the battery pack at the one or more critical SoC values. The battery management method also includes ascertaining, by a control unit, whether the maximum temperature value is less than the temperature threshold value, and controlling, by the control unit, a discharging unit to enable discharging of the one or more cells of the battery pack by supplying energy stored in the one or more cells to at least one motor of an electric vehicle, when the maximum temperature value is less than the temperature threshold value, based on any of a riding state and a parked state of the electric vehicle.

[0038] In an embodiment, the step of controlling may include enabling fast charging of the one or more cells of the battery pack when the maximum temperature value is determined to be greater than the temperature threshold value.

[0039] In an embodiment, the step of controlling may include enabling discharging of the one or more cells, when the electric vehicle is in the riding state, by supplying a discharge current from the one or more cells to the at least one motor, to maintain the maximum temperature value associated with the one or more critical SoC values to be greater than the temperature threshold value.

[0040] In an embodiment, the step of controlling may include regulating the discharge current supplied from the one or more cells to the at least one motor to adjust regeneration strength and efficiency of the at least one motor.

[0041] In an embodiment, the step of controlling may include enabling discharging of the one or more cells, when the electric vehicle is in the parked state, by supplying a discharge current from the one or more cells to the at least one motor in a pulsed manner, to maintain the maximum temperature value associated with the one or more critical SoC values to be greater than the temperature threshold value.

[0042] In an embodiment, the step of controlling may include regulating the discharge current of the one or more cells to prevent generation of torque by the at least one motor.

[0043] In an embodiment, the step of controlling may include regulating the discharge current of the one or more cells to maintain an operating temperature of the at least one motor below a pre-defined motor temperature threshold value.

[0044] Various objects, features, aspects and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like components.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.

[0046] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic representation of a system for thermal management of a battery pack, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] FIG. 2 illustrates a flow chart representation of a method for thermal management of a battery pack, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] FIG. 3 illustrates a flow chart depicting various processes involved in the method for thermal management of the battery pack, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic representation of a battery management system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart representation of a battery management system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0051] FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart depicting various processes involved in the battery management method, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure depicted in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are in such details as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosures as defined by the appended claims.

[0053] Embodiments explained herein relate to innovative systems and methods for effectively managing thermal performance of battery packs, particularly in low-temperature environments during critical states of charges (SOCs). The systems and methods are configured to enhance operational efficiency, safety, and longevity, ensuring that the battery packs can function optimally even in challenging conditions. The systems and methods of the present disclosure allow for rapid charging capabilities, enabling the battery packs to charge quickly without compromising safety, even in extremely low-temperature conditions. Additionally, the systems and methods are structured to adhere to established charging times and protocols, ensuring that the charging process remains reliable and consistent. By integrating these advanced thermal management strategies, the present disclosure aims to significantly improve the overall performance and usability of battery packs in various applications, thereby supporting their widespread adoption in energy storage and electric vehicle technologies.

[0054] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic representation of a system 100 for thermal management of a battery pack 102. The system 100 improves thermal performance of the battery pack 102 during charging and discharging at low temperatures. The system 100 alsooptimizes the thermal performance of the battery pack 102 when state of charge (SOC) of the battery pack 102 traverses one or more pre-determined critical SoCs while operating in a low- temperature environment. In an exemplary embodiment, the battery pack 102 may include one or more Lithium (Li)-ion cells. The system 100 includes a charging unit 104 configured to enable charging of one or more cells (also referred to as “battery cells” herein) of the battery pack 102. The charging unit 104 may be adapted to convert electrical power supplied from an Alternating Current (AC) power source into Direct Current (DC) power, and supply the converted DC power to the battery pack 102. In an exemplary embodiment, the battery pack 102 and the charging unit 104 may be installed in an electric vehicle.

[0055] The system 100 includes a discharging unit 106 configured to enable discharging of the one or more cells of the battery pack 102 by supplying the electric power stored in the one or more cells to an electrical load. The discharging unit 106 is a device designed to safely and efficiently discharge the cells of the battery pack 102, while regulating the discharge process to manage battery health and performance, ensuring that the cells of the battery pack 102 are discharged at appropriate rates and to safe voltage levels. In an example, said electrical load may include at least one motor of an electric vehicle, or any other electrical load adapted to receive electric power from the battery pack 102.

[0056] The system 100 includes a critical State-of-Charge (SoC) acquiring unit 108 configured to determine one or more critical SoC values for the battery pack 102 at which charging of the battery pack 102 at a temperature lower than a pre-determined temperature threshold value (TSAFE) severely affects health and performance of the battery cells. Each critical SoC value represents key events in the battery pack’s charge cycle where its ability to accept energy without incurring damage becomes limited. When the battery pack 102 is charged at low temperatures, specifically at temperatures that fall below the pre -determined temperature threshold value (TSAFE), several detrimental processes may occur. For instance, at these low temperatures, the electrochemical reactions within the battery cells can slow down, leading to an uneven distribution of lithium ions. This can cause lithium plating on the anodes, which not only reduces the available capacity of the battery pack 102 but can also lead to internal short circuits, increasing safety risks. The critical SoC acquiring unit 108 may determine the one or more critical SoC values through tests performed on the one or more cells of the battery pack 102, or fetching the one or more critical SoC values from fleet data of the battery pack 102 and assigning SOC values associated with anomalies as the one or more critical SoC values. The critical SoC acquiring unit 108 identifies these critical SoCvalues for allowing optimization of the thermal performance and ensure the longevity of the battery pack 102. The critical SoC acquiring unit 108 may include a storage device, such as at least one of a capacitor, a semiconductor, a flash memory device, and the like, to store information related to the determined critical SoC values.

[0057] The system 100 includes a temperature threshold determination unit 110 configured to determine or estimate a critical temperature value (Tc) for the one or more critical SoC values determined by the critical SoC acquiring unit 108, during the charging of the battery pack 102. The temperature threshold determination unit 110 may include at least one of current sensors, voltage sensors and temperature sensors configured with the battery pack 102 to determine an operating temperature of the battery pack 102, as well as facilitate pre-emptive estimation / determination of the critical temperature value (Tc) when the battery pack 102 would reach each of the critical SoC values.

[0058] The system also includes a control unit 112 configured to determine a probability of whether the critical temperature value (Tc) estimated by the temperature threshold determination unit 110 is greater than the pre-determined temperature threshold value (TSAFE). The control unit 112 is configured to control the discharging unit 106 to enable discharging of the battery cells by supplying energy stored in the battery cells to the electrical load, such as a motor of an electric vehicle, when the determined probability is less than a pre-defined threshold value. Consequently, the control unit 112 ensures that the cells of the battery pack 102 are discharged when the critical temperature value (Tc), as estimated by the temperature threshold determination unit 110, falls below the pre-determined temperature threshold value (TSAFE)- This discharging process increases the overall temperature of the battery pack 102, which helps to maintain operating temperature of the battery pack 102 above the pre-determined temperature threshold value (TSAFE), even when the battery pack 102 is being charged in extremely low-temperature environments. The system 100 is capable of automatically switching between charging and discharging of the battery pack 102 during a charge sessions to control the temperature of the battery 102 pack when traversing the critical SOC values.

[0059] In an exemplary embodiment, the control unit 112 may be configured to calculate a depth of discharge for the battery pack 102 to optimize the probability of whether the critical temperature value (Tc) estimated by the temperature threshold determination unit 110 is greater than the pre-determined temperature threshold value (TSAFE), during the charging of the battery pack 102.

[0060] In an exemplary embodiment, the control unit 112 may be configured to control the critical SoC acquiring unit 108 to determine the critical SoC values for the battery pack 102 as “NULL” for a pre-defined time interval. The control unit 112 may be configured to determine a probability of whether the critical temperature value (Tc) associated with each of the critical SoC values determined as “NULL” is greater than the pre-determined temperature threshold value (TSAFE), in the pre-defined time interval, 5 minutes for instance, during charging or discharging of the battery pack 102. This setup enables an average temperature of the battery pack 102 to be maintained above the pre-determined temperature threshold value (TSAFE) for the pre-defined time interval, even when the battery pack 102 is being charged in extremely low-temperature environments.

[0061] The control unit 112 may be configured to control the discharging unit 106 to regulate a discharge current of the battery cells to prevent generation of torque by the at least one motor, during the supply of the energy stored in the battery cells to the at least one motor. Thus, the control unit 112 ensures that the motor of the electric vehicle does not generate any torque, and the electric vehicle remains stationary during charging of the battery pack 102 in a low-temperature environment.

[0062] The control unit 112 may control the discharging unit 106 to supply the energy stored in the battery cells to the motor in any of a continuous and a pulsed manner. The control unit 112 may be configured to regulate the discharge current of the battery cells to maintain an operating temperature of the motor below a pre-defined motor temperature threshold value (TSAFE)- The control unit 112 may be configured to regulate the discharge current of the battery cells to enable charging of the battery pack 102 within a pre-determined charging time. As a result, the control unit 112 facilitates optimization of the thermal performance of the battery pack 102, while ensuring adherence to pre -configured charging time and charging rules for the battery pack 102 and the motor.

[0063] In an exemplary embodiment, the control unit 112 may be implemented using various hardware configurations or a combination of software and hardware features. For instance, the control unit 112 may incorporate microcontrollers, switches, relays, gates, and specialized hardware features like application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), electrically erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs), or field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to control functions of the machine’s peripheral devices. In some cases, memory components like non-volatile random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) may also form part of the control unit 112. In another embodiment, the control unit112 may be entirely software -based, operating either as part of an operating system or as an application running on one.

[0064] FIG. 2 illustrates a flow chart representation of a method 200 for thermal management of a battery pack. The method 200 is performed by the system 100 as depicted in FIG. 1. The method 200 includes a step S202 of charging, by the charging unit 104 of the system 100, one or more cells of the battery pack 102. The step S202 of charging may include converting electrical power supplied from an AC power source into DC power, and supplying the converted DC power to the cells of the battery pack 102.

[0065] The method 200 includes a step S204 of determining, by the critical SoC acquiring unit 108 of the system 100, one or more critical SoC values for the battery pack 102 at which charging of the battery pack 102 at a temperature lower than a pre-determined temperature threshold value (TSAFE) leads to degradation of health and reliability of the battery cells. Each of the critical SoC values can represent key events in the battery pack’s charge cycle where its ability to accept energy without incurring damage becomes limited. When the battery pack 102 is charged at low temperatures, specifically at temperatures that fall below the pre-determined temperature threshold value (TSAFE), several detrimental processes may occur. For instance, at these low temperatures, the electrochemical reactions within the battery cells can slow down, leading to an uneven distribution of lithium ions. This can cause lithium plating on the anodes, which not only reduces the available capacity of the battery pack 102 but can also lead to internal short circuits, increasing safety risks. During the step S204 of determining, the critical SoC acquiring unit 108 may acquire the one or more critical SoC values through tests performed on the one or more cells of the battery pack 102, or fetching the one or more critical SoC values from fleet data of the battery pack 102 and assigning SOC values associated with anomalies as the one or more critical SoC values. The step S204 of determining or identifying these critical SoC values enables efficient optimization of the thermal performance that results in an improvement in longevity of the battery pack 102.

[0066] The method 200 also includes, at step S206, estimating, by the temperature threshold determination unit 110 of the system 100, a critical temperature value (Tc) for the one or more critical SoC values during the charging of the battery pack 102. The step S206 of estimating may include determination of an operating temperature of the battery pack 102, along with prediction of the critical temperature value (Tc) when the battery pack 102 would reach each of the critical SoC values.

[0067] The method 200 includes, at step S208, calculating, by the control unit 112 of the system 100, a probability of whether the critical temperature value (Tc) is greater than the temperature threshold value (TSAFE)- Thereafter, the method 200 includes a step S210 of controlling, by the control unit 112, a discharging unit 106 to enable discharging of the one or more cells of the battery pack 102 when the calculated probability is less than a pre-defined threshold value. Thus, the method 200 ensures that the cells of the battery pack 102 are discharged when the critical temperature value (Tc), estimated by the temperature threshold determination unit 110, drops below the pre -determined temperature threshold value (TSAFE)- This discharge process raises the overall temperature of the battery pack 102, helping to keep its operating temperature above the pre-determined temperature threshold value (TSAFE), even while charging in extremely low-temperature conditions.

[0068] In an exemplary embodiment, the step S210 of controlling may include calculating a depth of discharge for the battery pack 102 to optimize the probability of whether the critical temperature value (Tc) is greater than the temperature threshold value (TSAFE), during the charging of the battery pack 102.

[0069] In an exemplary embodiment, the step of determining S204 may include assigning each of the critical SoC values for the battery pack 102 as a “NULL” value for a pre-defined time interval. The step S208 of calculating may include determining a probability of whether the critical temperature value (Tc) of each critical SoC value determined as the “NULL” value is greater than the temperature threshold value (TSAFE), for the pre-defined time interval. This enables an average temperature of the battery pack 102 to be maintained above the temperature threshold value (TSAFE) for the pre-defined time interval.

[0070] The step S210 of controlling may include discharging of the battery cells by supplying energy stored in the one or more cells to at least one motor installed in an electric vehicle. The step S210 of controlling may include controlling the discharging unit 106 to enable the battery cells to be discharged in any of a continuous and a pulsed manner. The step S210 may also include regulating a discharge current of the battery cells to prevent generation of torque by the motor, during the supply of the energy stored in the battery cells to the motor. In an exemplary embodiment, the step S210 of controlling may include regulating the discharge current of the battery cells to maintain an operating temperature of the motor below a pre-defined motor temperature threshold value (TSAFE)- The step S210 of controlling may also include regulating the discharge current of the battery cells to enable charging of the battery pack 102 within a pre-determined charging time. Consequently, themethod 200 ensures that the motor of the electric vehicle does not generate any torque, and the electric vehicle remains stationary during charging of the battery pack 102 in a low- temperature environment.

[0071] FIG. 3 illustrates a flow chart depicting various processes involved in the method 200 for thermal management of the battery pack 102. At block 302, the charging unit 104 is actuated to charge the battery pack 102 using an AC power source. The control unit 112 may be configured to detect whether the battery pack 102 is charged up to a pre-set capacity or whether the charging unit 104 is de-actuated to stop the charging process, at block 304. If, at block 304, the control unit 112 detects that either the battery pack 102 is charged up to the pre-set capacity, or the charging unit 104 is de-actuated, the control unit 112 stops the charging process. However, if, at block 304, the control unit 112 detects that none of the above conditions are met, the charging process at block 302 continues. Further, the control unit 112, at block 306, calculates the probability of whether the critical temperature value (Tc) predicted by the temperature threshold determination unit 110, associated with each of the critical SoC values determined by the critical SoC acquiring unit 108, is greater than the temperature threshold value (TSAFE) that is pre-determined based on composition and configuration of the battery pack 102. The control unit 112 then controls the discharging unit 106 to enable discharging of the battery cells by supplying energy stored in the battery cells to an electrical load, such as a motor of an electric vehicle, when the determined probability is less than a pre-defined threshold value, 80% for example. If, at block 306, the calculated probability is greater than the pre-defined threshold value, the control unit 112 is configured to continue the charging process of block 302.

[0072] Further, at block 306, the critical SoC acquiring unit 108 may assign each of the critical SoC values for the battery pack 102 as “NULL” value for a pre-defined time interval, 5 minutes for example. Accordingly, the control unit 112 may calculate the probability of whether the critical temperature value (Tc) associated with each critical SoC value determined as the “NULL” value is greater than the temperature threshold value (TSAFE), within the pre -defined time interval, during charging or discharging of the battery pack 102. This enables an average operative temperature of the battery pack 102 to be maintained above the temperature threshold value (TSAFE) for the pre-defined time interval.

[0073] If, at block 306, the calculated probability is less than the pre-defined threshold value, the control unit 112 determines that the critical temperature value (Tc) associated with the critical SoC value would be less than the pre-determined temperature threshold value(TSAFE) when the critical SoC value is reached during charging of the battery pack 102. At this stage, the control unit 112 actuates the discharging unit 106 to start the discharging process, depicted at block 308, in which electrical energy stored in the battery cells is supplied to the electric vehicle’s motor. This results in an increase in the overall temperature of the battery pack 102, which helps to maintain the operating temperature of the battery pack 102 above the pre-determined temperature threshold value (TSAFE), even when the battery pack 102 is being charged in extremely low-temperature environments. The control unit 112 may control the discharging unit 106 to supply the energy stored in the battery cells to the motor in any of a continuous and a pulsed manner. At block 308, the control unit 112 controls the discharging unit 106 to regulate discharge current supplied from the battery cells to the motor such that the motor does not generate any torque. Additionally, the control unit 112 regulates the discharge current to maintain an operating temperature of the motor below a pre-defined motor temperature threshold value, and enable charging of the battery pack 102 within the pre -determined charging time by adhering to hard-coded charging rules for the battery pack 102. Thus, the method 200 facilitates optimization of the thermal performance of the battery pack 102, while ensuring adherence to pre-configured charging time and charging rules for the battery pack 102 and the motor.

[0074] After block 308, the method 200 proceeds to block 310, where the control unit 112 checks whether the discharging process of block 308 is complete, by evaluating whether the operating temperature of the battery pack 102 detected by the temperature threshold determination unit 110 is greater than the pre-determined temperature threshold value (TSAFE)- However, if, at block 310, the control unit 112 determines that the operating temperature is still less than the pre-determined temperature threshold value (TSAFE), the method 200 proceeds to block 308. When the control unit 112, at block 310, determines that the operating temperature of the battery pack 102 is greater than the pre-determined temperature threshold value (TSAFE), the method 200 proceeds to block 302 to continue the charging process. Consequently, the method ensures that the overall temperature of the battery pack 102 is increased when the critical temperature value (Tc) associated with the critical SoC value would be less than the pre-determined temperature threshold value (TSAFE) when the critical SoC value is reached during charging of the battery pack 102, which helps to maintain the operating temperature of the battery pack 102 above the pre -determined temperature threshold value (TSAFE), even when the battery pack 102 is operating in extremely low-temperature environments.

[0075] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic representation of a battery management system 400 (also referred to as “system 400” herein), configured to facilitate fast charging for a battery pack 402, even in extremely low-temperature environments. The battery pack 402 may include Li-ion cells. The system 400 includes a charging unit 404 configured to enable fast charging of one or more cells (also referred to as “battery cells” herein) of the battery pack 402. Similar to the charging unit 104 of the system 100, the charging unit 404 may be adapted to convert electrical power supplied from an AC power source into DC power, and supply the converted DC power to the battery pack 402. The charging unit 404 may support Level-3 charging topology to enable fast charging of the cells of the battery pack 402.

[0076] The system 400 includes a discharging unit 406 configured to enable discharging of the one or more cells of the battery pack 402 by supplying energy stored in the one or more cells to at least one motor of an electric vehicle. The discharging unit 406 is a device configured to safely and efficiently discharge the cells of the battery pack 402, while regulating the discharge process to manage battery health and performance, ensuring that the cells of the battery pack 402 are discharged at appropriate rates and to safe voltage levels. In an example, said electrical load may include at least one motor of an electric vehicle, or any other electrical load adapted to receive electric power from the battery pack 402.

[0077] The battery management system 400 includes a critical State-of-Charge (SoC) acquiring unit 408 configured to determine one or more critical SoC values for the battery pack 402 at which fast charging or discharging of the battery pack 402 at a temperature lower than a pre-determined temperature threshold value (TFAST) is prevented. In an exemplary embodiment, each critical SoC value represents key events in the battery pack’s charge cycle where its ability for rapid / fast charging becomes limited. When the battery pack 402 is charged or discharged at low temperatures, specifically at temperatures that fall below the temperature threshold value (TFAST) that is pre-determined based on composition and structure of the battery cells, several detrimental processes may occur that limit fast charging capabilities of the battery cells. The critical SoC acquiring unit 408 may obtain the one or more critical SoC values through tests performed on the one or more cells of the battery pack 402, or fetching the one or more critical SoC values from fleet data of the battery pack 402 and assigning SOC values associated with anomalies as the one or more critical SoC values. The critical SoC acquiring unit 408 identifies these critical SoC values for allowing optimization of the thermal performance and ensure the longevity of the battery pack 102. The critical SoC acquiring unit 408 may include one or more sensors including one or moreof voltage sensors, current sensors, resistance sensors, temperature sensors, and the likes to determine the one or more critical SoC values of the battery pack 102. The critical SoC acquiring unit 408 may also include a storage device, such as at least one of a capacitor, a semiconductor, a flash memory device, and the like, to store information related to the determined critical SoC values.

[0078] The battery management system 400 also includes a temperature threshold determination unit 410 configured to determine or predict a maximum temperature value (TMA ) of the one or more battery cells at the one or more critical SoC values. Similar to the temperature threshold determination unit 110 of the system 100, the temperature threshold determination unit 410 of the battery management system 400 may include at least one of current sensors, voltage sensors and temperature sensors configured with the battery pack 402 to determine an operating temperature of the battery pack 402, as well as facilitate preemptive estimation / determination of the maximum temperature value (TMAX) when the battery pack 102 would reach each of the critical SoC values.

[0079] The system 400 also includes a control unit 412 configured to determine whether the maximum temperature value (TMAX) predicted by temperature threshold determination unit 410 for each critical SoC value is less than the temperature threshold value (TFAST) that is optimal for fast charging of the battery cells. The control unit 412 is configured to control the discharging unit 406 to enable discharging of the one or more cells of the battery pack 402 when the maximum temperature value (TMA ) is less than the temperature threshold value (TFAST), based on an operating state among a riding state and a parked state of the electric vehicle. This discharging process increases the overall temperature of the battery pack 102, which helps in enabling fast charging of the battery cells, even when the battery pack 102 is present in an extremely low-temperature environment.

[0080] In an exemplary embodiment, the control unit 412 may be configured to control the charging unit 404 to enable fast charging of the one or more cells of the battery pack 402 when the maximum temperature value (TMA ) is determined to be greater than the temperature threshold value (TFAST)-

[0081] The control unit 412 the control unit 412 may be operatively connected to an Engine Control Unit (ECU) of the electric vehicle, and configured to control the discharging unit 406 to enable discharging of the battery cells, when the electric vehicle is determined by the ECU to be present in the riding state, by supplying a discharge current from the battery cells to the electric vehicle’s motor in a continuous manner, to maintain the maximumtemperature value (TMAX) associated with the critical SoC value to be greater than the temperature threshold value (TFAST) that is safe for fast charging of the battery cells. The control unit 412 may be configured to regulate the discharge current supplied from the battery cells to the motor to adjust regeneration strength and efficiency of the motor. In an exemplary embodiment, the control unit 412 may be configured to determine the efficiency at which the motor should operate in order to draw slightly higher current from the battery cells, in order to allow the motor to deliver the same amount of torque being supplied to the wheels of the electric vehicle. This discharge of the higher current heats the battery cells, facilitating fast charging even in extremely low-temperature environments. To this effect, the system 400 is capable of regulating the motor efficiency, and the regeneration strength so as to increase the probability of arriving at the critical SoC value, 0% SoC for example, with the battery pack 402 being in the optimal temperature range that allows rapid charging through the higher current.

[0082] In another exemplary embodiment, the control unit 412 may be configured to control the discharging unit 406 to enable discharging of the battery cells, when the electric vehicle is detected by the ECU to be in the parked state, by supplying a discharge current from the battery cells to the motor in a pulsed manner. This setup ensures that the maximum temperature value (TMA ) associated with the critical SoC value is maintained greater than the temperature threshold value (TFAST)- The control unit 412 may be configured to regulate the discharge current of the battery cells to prevent generation of torque by the motor, when the electric vehicle is in the parked state.

[0083] The control unit 412 may be configured to regulate the discharge current of the battery cells to maintain an operating temperature of the motor below a pre-defined motor temperature threshold value (TFAST). Thus, the control unit 412 facilitates optimization of fast charging capabilities of the battery pack 102, while ensuring adherence to pre-configured charging rules and specifications for the motor.

[0084] In an exemplary embodiment, the control unit 412 may be implemented using various hardware configurations or a combination of software and hardware features. For instance, the control unit 412 may incorporate microcontrollers, switches, relays, gates, and specialized hardware features like application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), electrically erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs), or field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to control functions of the machine’s peripheral devices. In some cases, memory components like non-volatile random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory(ROM) may also form part of the control unit 412. In another embodiment, the control unit 412 may be entirely software -based, operating either as part of an operating system or as an application running on one.

[0085] FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart representation of a battery management method 500 (also referred to as “method 500” herein) for optimizing fast charging capabilities of a battery pack 402. The method 500 is performed by the system 400 as depicted in FIG. 4. The battery management method 500 includes, at step S502, charging, by the charging unit 404 of the system 400, one or more cells of the battery pack 402. The step S502 of charging may include converting electrical power supplied from an AC power source into DC power, and supplying the converted DC power to the cells of the battery pack 102.

[0086] The method 500 includes a step S504 of determining, by the critical State-of- Charge (SoC) acquiring unit 408 of the system 400, one or more critical SoC values for the battery pack 402 at which fast charging or discharging of the battery pack 402 at a temperature lower than a pre-determined temperature threshold value (TFAST) is prevented. Each of the critical SoC values can represent key events in the battery pack’s charge cycle where its ability for rapid charging becomes limited. When the battery pack 102 is charged at low temperatures, specifically at temperatures that fall below a temperature threshold value (TFAST) that is pre-determined based on composition and structure of the battery cells, several detrimental processes may occur that limit the fast charging capabilities of the battery cells. During the step S504 of determining, the critical SoC acquiring unit 408 may acquire the one or more critical SoC values through tests performed on the one or more cells of the battery pack 402, or fetching the one or more critical SoC values from fleet data of the battery pack 402 and assigning SOC values associated with anomalies as the one or more critical SoC values. The step S504 of determining or identifying these critical SoC values facilitates efficient optimization of fast charging capabilities for the battery cells.

[0087] The battery management method 400 includes a step S506 of estimating, by the temperature threshold determination unit 410 of the system 400, a maximum temperature value (TMA ) of the one or more battery cells at the one or more critical SoC values. The step S506 of estimating may include determination of an operating temperature of the battery pack 102, along with prediction of the maximum temperature value (TMA ) when the battery pack 102 would reach each of the critical SoC values.

[0088] The battery management method 400 includes, at step S508, ascertaining, by the control unit 412 of the system 400, whether the maximum temperature value (TMA ) is lessthan the temperature threshold value (TFAST)- The method 400 also includes a step S510 of controlling, by the control unit 412, a discharging unit 406 of the system 400 to enable discharging of the one or more cells of the battery pack 402 by supplying energy stored in the one or more cells to at least one motor of an electric vehicle, when the maximum temperature value (TMA ) is less than the temperature threshold value (TFAST), based on any of a riding state and a parked state of the electric vehicle. This discharging process increases the overall temperature of the battery pack 102 and maintains the operating temperature to be greater than the pre-determined temperature threshold value (TFAST), which helps in enabling fast charging of the battery cells, even when the battery pack 102 is present in an extremely low- temperature environment.

[0089] The step S510 of controlling may include enabling fast charging of the one or more cells of the battery pack 402 when the maximum temperature value (TMA ) is determined to be greater than the temperature threshold value (TFAST)-

[0090] In an exemplary embodiment, the step S510 of controlling may include enabling discharging of the battery cells, when the electric vehicle is detected to be present in the riding state. The control unit 412 controls the discharging unit 406 to supply a discharge current from the battery cells to the electric vehicle’s motor in a continuous manner, to maintain the maximum temperature value (TMA ) associated with the one or more critical SoC values to be greater than the temperature threshold value (TFAST)- The step S510 of controlling may include regulating the discharge current supplied from the battery cells to the motor to adjust regeneration strength and efficiency of the motor. In an exemplary embodiment, the step S510 of controlling may include determining the efficiency at which the motor should operate in order to draw slightly higher current from the battery cells, in order to allow the motor to deliver the same amount of torque being supplied to the wheels of the electric vehicle. This discharge of the higher current heats the battery cells, thereby facilitating fast charging of the battery pack 402, even in extremely low-temperature environments.

[0091] In another exemplary embodiment, the step S510 of controlling may include enabling discharging of the battery cells, when the electric vehicle is detected to be in the parked state, by supplying a discharge current from the battery cells to the electric vehicle’s motor in a pulsed manner, to maintain the maximum temperature value (TMAX) associated with the one or more critical SoC values to be greater than the temperature threshold value (TFAST). The step S510 of controlling may include regulating the discharge current of thebatery cells to prevent generation of torque by the motor, when the electric vehicle is present in its parked state.

[0092] The step S510 of controlling may include regulating the discharge current of the batery cells to maintain an operating temperature of the motor below a pre-defined motor temperature threshold value (TFAST)- AS a result, the method 500 facilitates optimization of fast charging capabilities of the batery pack 102, while ensuring adherence to pre-configured charging rules and specifications for the motor.

[0093] FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart depicting various processes involved in the batery management method 500. At block 602, the charging unit 404 is actuated for rapid charging of the batery pack 102 using an AC power source. Thereafter, the control unit 412, at block 604, determines whether the maximum temperature value (TMA ) of the one or more batery cells at the one or more critical SoC values, predicted / estimated by the temperature threshold determination unit 410, is less than the temperature threshold value (TFAST) that is suitable for fast charging of the cells of the batery pack 102. If, at block 604, the control unit 412 determines that the maximum temperature value (TMAX) associated with the critical SoC value is greater than the temperature threshold value (TFAST), the charging unit 404 enable fast charging of the batery cells, as depicted at block 606.

[0094] However, if, at block 604, the control unit 412 determines that the maximum temperature value (TMA ) associated with the critical SoC value is less than the temperature threshold value (TFAST), the method proceeds to block 608, where the control unit 412 connected to the electric vehicle’s ECU detects an operating state of the electric vehicle. If the electric vehicle is detected to be in a riding state, the control unit 412, at block 610, controls the discharging unit 406 to supply the discharge current from the batery cells to the electric vehicle’s motor in a continuous manner, to maintain the maximum temperature value (TMA ) associated with the critical SoC value to be greater than the temperature threshold value (TFAST) that is safe for fast charging of the batery cells. At block 610, the control unit 412 may be configured to determine the efficiency at which the electric vehicle’s motor should operate in order to draw slightly higher current from the batery cells, in order to allow the motor to deliver the same amount of torque being supplied to the wheels of the electric vehicle. Based on said determination, the control unit 412 regulates the discharge current to degrade the efficiency of the motor, in order to maintain the batery pack 102 at an optimal temperature conducive of fast charging. In an exemplary embodiment, the control unit 412 may be configured to degrade the motor efficiency only at low critical SoC values of thebatery pack 402, so that the motor draws the higher current from the cells of the batery pack 102, thereby increasing the probability for the batery pack 102 being at an optimum temperature suitable for fast charging.

[0095] If, at block 608, the control unit 412 connected to the electric vehicle’s ECU detects the electric vehicle to be present in a parked state, the control unit 412, at block 612, controls the discharging unit 406 to supply the discharge current from the batery cells to the electric vehicle’s motor in a pulsed manner, to prevent generation of torque by the motor, when the electric vehicle is in the parked state. This discharging process increases the operating temperature of the batery pack 402, and ensures that the maximum temperature value (TMAX) associated with the critical SoC value is maintained greater than the temperature threshold value (TFAST) that is safe for fast charging of the batery cells, thereby enabling safe and efficient fast charging of the batery pack, even in low-temperature environments. At block 612, pulse discharge is performed by the discharging unit 106 by modulating phase currents in the motor so that there is no torque produced therefrom. This allows the electric vehicle to remain stationary (parked state). The discharge current is applied to the motor in the pulsed manner, so as not to increase the motor beyond safety limits prescribed by pre-defined charging rules and specifications for the motor. Also, after the discharging processes of blocks 610 and 612, the method 500 proceeds to block 604, where the control unit 412 evaluates whether the maximum temperature value (TMAX) associated with each of the critical SoC values is less than the temperature threshold value (TFAST) that is suitable for fast charging of the cells of the batery pack 102.

[0096] While the foregoing describes various embodiments of the invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof. The scope of the invention is determined by the claims that follow. The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, versions or examples, which are included to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention when combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary skill in the art.ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE

[0097] The present disclosure provides systems and methods for thermal management of batery packs.

[0098] The present disclosure provides battery management systems and methods, which optimize thermal performance of battery packs during critical state of charges (SOCs) at low temperatures.

[0099] The present disclosure provides systems and methods for thermal management of battery packs, configured to improve operational efficiency, safety, and longevity of the battery packs operating in low-temperature settings.

[0100] The present disclosure provides systems and methods for thermal management of battery packs, in order to allow fast charging for the battery packs, even in extremely low- temperature settings.

[0101] The present disclosure provides systems and methods for thermal management of battery packs, which optimize thermal performance of the battery packs while ensuring adherence to pre-configured charging time and charging rules.

Claims

We Claim:

1. A system (100) forthermal management of a battery pack (102), comprising: a charging unit (104) configured to enable charging of one or more cells of the battery pack (102); a discharging unit (106) configured to enable discharging of the one or more cells of the battery pack (102); a critical State-of-Charge (SoC) acquiring unit (108) configured to determine one or more critical SoC values for the battery pack (102) at which charging of the battery pack (102) at a temperature lower than a pre-determined temperature threshold value (TSAFE) leads to degradation of the one or more cells; a temperature threshold determination unit (110) configured to determine a critical temperature value (Tc) for the one or more critical SoC values during the charging of the battery pack (102); and a control unit (112) configured to determine a probability of whether the critical temperature value (Tc) is greater than the temperature threshold value (TSAFE), and control the discharging unit (106) to enable discharging of the one or more cells of the battery pack (102) when the determined probability is less than a pre-defined threshold value.

2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control unit (112) is configured to control the critical SoC acquiring unit (108) to determine the one or more critical SoC values for the battery pack (102) as NULL for a pre-defined time interval.

3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the control unit (112) is configured to determine a probability of whether the critical temperature value (Tc) associated with the one or more critical SoC values determined as NULL is greater than the temperature threshold value (TSAFE), for the pre-defined time interval to enable an average temperature of the battery pack (102) to be maintained above the temperature threshold value (TSAFE) for the pre-defined time interval.

4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the discharging unit (106) is configured to supply energy stored in the one or more cells of the battery pack (102) to at least one motor.

5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 4, wherein the control unit (112) is configured to control the discharging unit (106) to regulate a discharge current of the one or more cells to prevent generation of torque by the at least one motor, during the supply of the energy stored in the one or more cells to the at least one motor.

6. The system (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the control unit (112) is configured to regulate the discharge current of the one or more cells to maintain an operating temperature of the at least one motor below a pre-defined motor temperature threshold value (TSAFE)-7. The system (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the control unit (112) is configured to regulate the discharge current of the one or more cells to enable charging of the battery pack (102) within a pre-determined charging time.

8. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control unit (112) is configured to calculate a depth of discharge for the battery pack (102) to optimize the probability of whether the critical temperature value (Tc) is greater than the temperature threshold value (TSAFE), during the charging of the battery pack (102).

9. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control unit (112) is configured to control the discharging unit (106) to enable the one or more cells to be discharged in any of a continuous and a pulsed manner.

10. A method (200) for thermal management of a battery pack (102), comprising the steps of: charging, by a charging unit (104), one or more cells of the battery pack (102); determining, by a critical State-of-Charge (SoC) acquiring unit (108), one or more critical SoC values for the battery pack (102) at which charging of the battery pack (102) at a temperature lower than a pre -determined temperature threshold value (TSAFE) leads to degradation of the one or more cells; estimating, by a temperature threshold determination unit (110), a critical temperature value (Tc) for the one or more critical SoC values during the charging of the battery pack (102); calculating, by a control unit (112), a probability of whether the critical temperature value (Tc) is greater than the temperature threshold value (TSAFE); and controlling, by the control unit (112), a discharging unit (106) to enable discharging of the one or more cells of the battery pack (102) when the calculated probability is less than a pre-defined threshold value.

11. The method (200) as claimed in claim 10, wherein the step of determining comprises assigning the one or more critical SoC values for the battery pack (102) as NULL for a predefined time interval.

12. The method (200) as claimed in claim 11, wherein the step of calculating comprises determining a probability of whether the critical temperature value (Tc) associated with the one or more critical SoC values determined as NULL is greater than the temperature threshold value (TSAFE), for the pre-defined time interval, , to enable an average temperature of the battery pack (102) to be maintained above the temperature threshold value (TSAFE) for the pre -defined time interval.

13. The method (200) as claimed in claim 10, wherein the step of controlling comprises discharging of the one or more cells of the battery pack (102) by supplying energy stored in the one or more cells to at least one motor.

14. The method (200) as claimed in claim 13, wherein the step of controlling comprises regulating a discharge current of the one or more cells to prevent generation of torque by the at least one motor, during the supply of the energy stored in the one or more cells to the at least one motor.

15. The method (200) as claimed in claim 14, wherein the step of controlling comprises regulating the discharge current of the one or more cells to maintain an operating temperature of the at least one motor below a pre-defined motor temperature threshold value (TSAFE).

16. The method (200) as claimed in claim 14, wherein the step of controlling comprises regulating the discharge current of the one or more cells to enable charging of the battery pack (102) within a pre-determined charging time.

17. The method (200) as claimed in claim 10, wherein the step of controlling comprises calculating a depth of discharge for the battery pack (102) to optimize the probability of whether the critical temperature value (Tc) is greater than the temperature threshold value (TSAFE), during the charging of the battery pack (102).

18. The method (200) as claimed in claim 10, wherein the step of controlling comprises controlling the discharging unit (106) to enable the one or more cells to be discharged in any of a continuous and a pulsed manner.

19. A battery management system (400), comprising: a charging unit (404) configured to enable charging of one or more cells of the battery pack (402); a discharging unit (406) configured to enable discharging of the one or more cells of the battery pack (402) by supplying energy stored in the one or more cells to at least one motor of an electric vehicle; a critical State-of-Charge (SoC) acquiring unit (408) configured to determine one ormore critical SoC values for the battery pack (402) at which fast charging or discharging of the battery pack (402) at a temperature lower than a pre-determined temperature threshold value (TFAST) is prevented; a temperature threshold determination unit (410) configured to determine a maximum temperature value (TMA ) of the one or more cells of the battery pack (402) at the one or more critical SoC values; and a control unit (412) configured to determine whether the maximum temperature value (TMA ) is less than the temperature threshold value (TFAST), and control the discharging unit (406) to enable discharging of the one or more cells of the battery pack (402) when the maximum temperature value (TMA ) is less than the temperature threshold value (TFAST), based on any of a riding state and a parked state of the electric vehicle.

20. The battery management system (400) as claimed in claim 19, wherein the control unit (412) is configured to control the charging unit (404) to enable fast charging of the one or more cells of the battery pack (402) when the maximum temperature value (TMA ) is determined to be greater than the temperature threshold value (TFAST)-21. The battery management system (400) as claimed in claim 19, wherein the control unit (412) is configured to control the discharging unit (406) to enable discharging of the one or more cells, when the electric vehicle is in the riding state, by supplying a discharge current from the one or more cells to the at least one motor, to maintain the temperature value (TMA ) associated with the one or more critical SoC values to be greater than the temperature threshold value (TFAST)-22. The battery management system (400) as claimed in claim 21, wherein the control unit (412) is configured to regulate the discharge current supplied from the one or more cells to the at least one motor to adjust regeneration strength and efficiency of the at least one motor.

23. The battery management system (400) as claimed in claim 19, wherein the control unit (412) is configured to control the discharging unit (406) to enable discharging of the one or more cells, when the electric vehicle is in the parked state, by supplying a discharge current from the one or more cells to the at least one motor in a pulsed manner, to maintain the maximum temperature value (TMA ) associated with the one or more critical SoC values to be greater than the temperature threshold value (TFAST)-24. The battery management system (400) as claimed in claim 23, wherein the control unit (412) is configured to regulate the discharge current of the one or more cells to preventgeneration of torque by the at least one motor.

25. The battery management system (400) as claimed in claim 23, wherein the control unit (412) is configured to regulate the discharge current of the one or more cells to maintain an operating temperature of the at least one motor below a pre-defined motor temperature threshold value (TFAST).

26. A battery management method (500), comprising the steps of: charging, by a charging unit (404), one or more cells of the battery pack (402); determining, by a critical State-of-Charge (SoC) acquiring unit (408), one or more critical SoC values for the battery pack (402) at which fast charging or discharging of the battery pack (402) at a temperature lower than a pre-determined temperature threshold value (TFAST) is prevented; estimating, by a temperature threshold determination unit (410), a maximum temperature value (TMA ) of the one or more cells of the battery pack (402) at the one or more critical SoC values; and ascertaining, by a control unit (412), whether the maximum temperature value (TMA ) is less than the temperature threshold value (TFAST); controlling, by the control unit (412), a discharging unit (406) to enable discharging of the one or more cells of the battery pack (402) by supplying energy stored in the one or more cells to at least one motor of an electric vehicle, when the maximum temperature value (TMA ) is less than the temperature threshold value (TFAST), based on any of a riding state and a parked state of the electric vehicle.

27. The battery management method (500) as claimed in claim 26, wherein the step of controlling comprises enabling fast charging of the one or more cells of the battery pack (402) when the maximum temperature value (TMA ) is determined to be greater than the temperature threshold value (TFAST).

28. The battery management method (500) as claimed in claim 26, wherein the step of controlling comprises enabling discharging of the one or more cells, when the electric vehicle is in the riding state, by supplying a discharge current from the one or more cells to the at least one motor, to maintain the maximum temperature value (TMA ) associated with the one or more critical SoC values to be greater than the temperature threshold value (TFAST).

29. The battery management method (500) as claimed in claim 28, wherein the step of controlling comprises regulating the discharge current supplied from the one or more cells to the at least one motor to adjust regeneration strength and efficiency of the at least one motor.

30. The batery management method (500) as claimed in claim 26, wherein the step of controlling comprises enabling discharging of the one or more cells, when the electric vehicle is in the parked state, by supplying a discharge current from the one or more cells to the at least one motor in a pulsed manner, to maintain the maximum temperature value (TMAX) associated with the one or more critical SoC values to be greater than the temperature threshold value (TFAST)-31. The batery management method (500) as claimed in claim 30, wherein the step of controlling comprises regulating the discharge current of the one or more cells to prevent generation of torque by the at least one motor.

32. The batery management method (500) as claimed in claim 30, wherein the step of controlling comprises regulating the discharge current of the one or more cells to maintain an operating temperature of the at least one motor below a pre-defined motor temperature threshold value (TFAST)-

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