A magnetic recoil buffer system for a firearm

Abstract

The present invention relates to a magnetic recoil buffer system for a firearm, comprising: a buffer tube ( 1) made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material; a magnet (3); a compression spring (9); and a ring made of a magnetic material, preferably a nut (2). The buffer tube (1) has an open end (1A) and a closed end (IB) and comprises an external threaded portion (23) extending from the open end (1A) and is connectable to a firearm frame by means of the external threaded portion (23) at its open end (1A). The magnet (3) is slidably arranged inside the buffer tube (1) between the open and closed ends (1A, IB) to create eddy currents in the buffer tube (1) when the magnet (3) moves inside the buffer tube (1) and to dampen the movement of a bolt and a bolt carrier of the firearm. A compression spring (9) is arranged inside the buffer tube (1) and secured between the closed end (IB) and the magnet (3) to dampen the movement of the magnet (3). The ring is arranged on the outer circumference of the buffer tube (1) to further dampen the movement of the magnet (3) and to magnetically lock the bolt and the bolt carrier or a dynamic breech of the firearm. The present invention relates to a magnetic recoil buffer system for a firearm, comprising: a firearm frame (51), a bolt carrier (52) with a magnet (53), a guide rod (54) with a compression spring (55), a static stopper (56) and a cocking lever with a guide element made of a magnetic material.

Description

[0001] A magnetic recoil buffer system for a firearm

[0002] Field of technology

[0003] This invention relates to a magnetic recoil buffer system for a firearm, such as rifles based on the AR- 15, AR-10 or AR-9 ("AR" stands for "Armalite rifle", which is Armalite's rifle platform) or rifles based on the CZ Bren-2, FN SCAR or ACR platforms, typically having a portion of the firearm frame made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material, such as an aluminium alloy of the EN AW-7075-T6 type. In the context of this invention, the term "firearm" also refers to an airsoft gun.

[0004] Prior art

[0005] In the prior art, various solutions for buffers to dampen recoil in firearms are known. Recoil is caused by the following physical phenomena:

[0006] • Primary force from the shot: The main part of the recoil is caused by the expansion of gases produced when the gunpowder ignites. These gases push the bullet forward and at the same time create an opposing force that pushes the firearm back towards the shooter.

[0007] • Rearward movement of the breech and bolt carrier: In firearms with a movable breech, a second phase of recoil occurs when the breech (and bolt carrier) begins to move rearward after firing is fired. This movement itself helps to partially absorb the recoil, but the impact of the bolt carrier on the stop at the "bottom dead centre" (i.e. halfway through the damping cycle) is another significant force that contributes to the perceived recoil.

[0008] • Recoil damping mechanism: Most firearms, such as the AR- 15 or CZ Bren-2, are equipped with a recoil buffer system. This role is performed by components such as return springs and stops, which absorb some of the energy and slow down the recoil movement.

[0009] The combination of these forces is felt by the shooter as a "kick" of the firearm, and depending on the type of firearm, the shooter feels it in the shoulder, palm and / or cheekbone. The greater the velocity of the bolt, the greater its kinetic energy and the more violent its impact at the bottom dead centre. This results in a harder recoil, causing more discomfort and the need to re-aim at the target. This movement is dampened based on various physical principles by braking the return movement of the buffer element, which is connected to the bolt carrier, between the proximal and distal ends of the buffer system. In the context of this invention, the proximal end refers to the end directly connected to the bolt carrier, and the distal end refers to the end remote from the bolt carrier, at the far end of the breech adjacent to the shooter's body.

[0010] Non-magnetic buffer systems

[0011] A heavier buffer element slows down the bolt cycle as part of the energy is absorbed to set it in motion. This system is effective for shooting at higher pressures, for example with silencers or when using heavier ammunition. This system reduces cycle speed, which helps to dampen recoil, stabilise the firearm when firing and extend the life of the parts by reducing stress on the system. The bolt remains closed longer, which improves the reliability of extraction and feeding of the next round. However, the disadvantage is that a buffer element that is too heavy can cause problems with ammunition feeding or firearm cycling if the gas system is set to low pressure or if lighter ammunition is used. A heavy buffer element can also slow down the firearm's response to rapid repeated firing.

[0012] With a hydraulic buffer element, after firing is fired, the bolt is pushed back and the buffer piston, which hits the bottom of the buffer tube, begins to compress the fluid, absorbing a significant portion of the energy that would otherwise be felt by the shooter as recoil. The fluid acts against the movement of the bolt, providing a smoother and more even movement.

[0013] A pneumatic buffer uses compressed air to absorb some of the recoil energy. Similar to a hydraulic buffer, a pneumatic buffer provides smooth and controlled movement of the bolt, but without the use of a liquid medium.

[0014] An adjustable recoil buffer system allows the weight of the recoil element to be adjusted according to the user's needs or the ammunition used. Adjustable weights and springs allow for optimisation of the firearm's behaviour. This system can also consist of several springs that compress non-linearly. This system can be assembled to the standard dimensions of the buffer element and use a standard spring, or they can be mounted on a guide rod.

[0015] A buffer with noise reduction function is mounted on a guide rod, which eliminates the noise of the spring moving inside the buffer tube. The main function is to eliminate the "twang" sound of the spring.

[0016] In a buffer element working with a counterweight, when the bolt carrier moves backwards, the mass in the centre of the bolt carrier moves in the opposite direction.

[0017] The US patent US 3366011 A and US patent application US 2017205164 Al describe a recoil buffer system for a firearm, comprising a buffer tube and a buffer element arranged slidably therein with freely arranged weights and a compression spring. The buffer element can be made of a light aluminium alloy or nonmagnetic stainless steel. The weights can be made of a steel in general, non-magnetic stainless steel, tungsten carbide or copper. In the first half of the cycle, after firing, the buffer element is moved by the bolt carrier to the distal end of the buffer tube, where it is slowed down by the resistance caused by compressing the compression spring. After the buffer element hits the distal end of the buffer tube, the weight continues to move inertially within the buffer element towards the distal end of the buffer tube. In the second half of the cycle, the compression spring begins to move the buffer element towards the proximal end of the buffer tube, thereby moving the bolt carrier forward. After the bolt carrier has been moved by the buffer element to its starting position at the proximal end of the buffer tube, there is still an inertial shift of the weights within the buffer element towards the proximal end of the buffer tube, which prevents the bolt carrier from rebounding from the barrel (the so-called "anti-bouncing effect"). These recoil buffer systems have the above-described disadvantages of a recoil element with a greater weight, i.e. problems with ammunition feeding or firearm cycle if the gas system is set to low pressure or if lighter ammunition is used, and a slowdown in the firearm's response to rapid repeated shots. Another disadvantage is the "twang" sound of the compression spring.

[0018] The US patent US 9341437 Bl describes a recoil buffer system for a firearm, comprising a buffer tube made of aluminium and a stainless steel or aluminium buffer element with a steel weight and a pair of compression springs (outer and inner) arranged slidably therein. In the first half of the cycle, after firing is fired, the buffer element is pushed by the bolt carrier to the distal end of the buffer tube, where it is slowed down by the resistance caused by the compression of the outer compression spring. After the buffer element hits the distal end of the buffer tube, the bolt carrier continues to move inertially relative to the buffer element towards the distal end of the buffer tube, compressing the inner compression spring. In the second half of the cycle, the outer and inner compression springs begin to move the buffer element towards the proximal end of the buffer tube, thereby moving the bolt carrier forward. This buffer system also has the disadvantages of a heavier buffer element described above. Another disadvantage is that the internal compression spring increases the energy and speed with which the bolt returns to the forward position. This is undesirable because it can cause the ejected cartridge case to become caught in the ejection port. This system is designed for standard springs, so it does not eliminate the "twang" sound of the compression spring and makes the recoil damping cycle noisier.

[0019] The US patent application US 2013319217 A1 describes a recoil buffer system for a firearm, comprising a buffer tube and a buffer element arranged slidably on a guide rod therein, with fixedly arranged steel weights and a compression spring. In the first half of the cycle, after firing is fired, the buffer element is moved by the bolt carrier to the distal end of the buffer tube, while being slowed down by the resistance caused by compressing the compression spring. In the second half of the cycle, the compression spring begins to move the buffer element towards the proximal end of the buffer tube, thereby moving the bolt carrier forward. A similar buffer system is also described in the US patent US 10054378 Bl, with the additional function of expelling water that has entered the firearm when used near water. These buffer systems have the disadvantages of a heavier buffer element described above. Another disadvantage of this system is that it cannot be used with a folding stock adapter without additional special spacer parts.

[0020] The US patent application US 2006048637 Al describes a recoil buffer system for pistols, comprising a piston, a set of three compression springs and a magnet with an opening through which the piston passes. The magnet appears to be static and brakes the movement of the slide at the beginning of the firearm's cycle by magnetic force. This system is not designed for AR platform firearms. A disadvantage is the placement of the magnet close to the barrel, which exposes the magnet to high temperatures and subsequent degradation. The US patent application US 2014059909 Al describes a recoil buffer system for a firearm, comprising a buffer tube and a first buffer element with a first compression spring and a second buffer element with a second compression spring arranged slidably therein. The first compression spring is arranged between the first and second buffer elements. The disadvantage of this buffer system is the high number of mechanical components, the overall complexity of the system and the difficulty of servicing it in the field.

[0021] The US patent US 9080823 B 1 describes a recoil buffer system for a firearm, comprising a buffer tube and a buffer element arranged slidably therein with freely arranged steel weights and a compression spring. The disadvantage of this recoil buffer system is the high number of mechanical components, the overall complexity of the system and the difficulty of servicing it in the field.

[0022] The US patent US 10619955 B2 describes a recoil buffer system for a firearm, comprising a buffer tube and a buffer element and a compression spring slidably arranged therein on a guide rod. The guide rod comprises grooves into which rollers fit when the buffer element is in the proximal end of the buffer tube. When the buffer element is moved along the guide rod, the rollers roll out of the grooves, causing a delay and thus damping the movement of the buffer element in the initial phase of the damping cycle. The disadvantage of this buffer system is the high number of mechanical components, the overall complexity of the system and the difficulty of servicing it in the field. Another disadvantage is that it cannot be used with a folding stock adapter without additional special spacer parts and the high resistance when cocking the firearm.

[0023] The international patent application WO 2024123254 Al describes a recoil buffer system for a firearm, comprising a buffer tube and a first buffer element with a compression spring arranged slidably therein and a second buffer element in engagement with the first buffer element. The second buffer element acts as a counterweight to the first buffer element, always moving in the opposite direction to the first buffer element, which brakes the movement of the first buffer element. The disadvantage of this buffer system is the high number of mechanical components, the overall complexity of the system and the difficulty of servicing it in the field.

[0024] The Chinese patent application CN 102374825 A describes a mechanical-hydraulic recoil buffer system for a firearm, comprising a buffer tube in the mechanical part and a buffer element with a pair of compression springs arranged slidably on a guide rod therein. This buffer system has the above-described disadvantages of a heavier buffer element, as well as the disadvantages of hydraulic buffer systems (complexity, manufacturing difficulty, more difficult serviceability).

[0025] The US patent application US 2011162245 Al describes a simple recoil buffer system for a firearm, comprising a buffer tube and a buffer element and a compression spring arranged slidably therein. The movement of the buffer element is detected by a sensor, e.g. based on the Hall effect, where a voltage is induced in the sensor in response to a change in the magnetic field of the moving buffer element relative to the sensor. The primary purpose of this system is to count the number of shots fired, not to improve the behaviour of the firearm.

[0026] Magnetic recoil buffer systems based on repulsive magnetic force

[0027] A magnetic buffer element can be fitted with a pair of repelling magnets. The principle of recoil damping is that when the distal end of the buffer tube is reached, the magnets begin to approach each other and their mutual repulsion counteracts the force of the bolt movement, thereby reducing recoil in a similar way to a hydraulic buffer, for example.

[0028] The US patent application US 2021025665 Al describes a magnetic recoil buffer system for a firearm, comprising a buffer tube and a buffer element arranged slidably therein with freely arranged weights and a compression spring. The buffer tube is attached to the firearm frame by means of a crown nut. The weights can be made of a stainless steel or tungsten. The buffer element also includes a set of two magnets oriented towards each other with the same poles, i.e. repelling each other when brought close together. In general, the first magnet can be comprised in the buffer element (in its proximal or distal part) and the second magnet in the weight adjacent to the first magnet, or the magnets can be comprised in adjacent weights. Optionally, another magnet can be placed in the proximal part of the buffer element so that an attractive magnetic force is created between the buffer element and the bolt carrier. In the first half of the cycle, after firing, the buffer element is moved by the bolt carrier to the distal end of the buffer tube, while being slowed down by the resistance caused by compressing the compression spring. After the buffer element hits the distal end of the buffer tube, there is still an inertial shift of the weights within the buffer element towards the distal end of the buffer tube, whereby the movement of the weights must simultaneously overcome the repulsive magnetic force between the magnets, which slows down this inertial shift. In the second half of the cycle, the magnets begin to repel each other, and the compression spring begins to move the buffer element towards the proximal end of the buffer tube, thereby moving the bolt carrier forward. After the bolt carrier is moved by the buffer element to its starting position at the proximal end of the buffer tube, there is still an inertial shift of the weights within the buffer element towards the proximal end of the buffer tube, while the movement of the weights must simultaneously overcome the repulsive magnetic force between the magnets, which slows down this inertial movement. This deceleration prevents the bolt carrier from rebounding from the barrel (the so-called "anti-bouncing effect"). The disadvantage of this buffer system is that it does not eliminate the "twang" sound of the compression spring, which makes the damping cycle noisier.

[0029] The US patent application US 2021164742 Al describes a magnetic recoil buffer system for a firearm, comprising a buffer tube and a buffer element arranged slidably therein with a freely arranged piston, at least one first sliding magnet and a second static magnet, and a compression spring. The buffer element is made of a stainless steel. The first and second magnets are always oriented towards each other with the same poles, i.e. they repel each other when they approach each other. Weights may also be arranged at the distal end of the buffer tube, behind the second magnet. In the first half of the cycle, after firing, the buffer element is moved by the bolt carrier to the distal end of the buffer tube, where it is slowed down by the resistance caused by compressing the compression spring. After the buffer element hits the distal end of the buffer tube, the piston with the first magnet is pushed towards the second magnet within the buffer element, while the movement of the piston must simultaneously overcome the repulsive magnetic force between the magnets, which slows down this movement. In the second half of the cycle, the magnets begin to repel each other, and the compression spring begins to move the buffer element towards the proximal end of the buffer tube, thereby moving the bolt carrier forward. A disadvantage of this buffer system is that it does not eliminate the "twang" sound of the compression spring, which makes the damping cycle noisier. Another disadvantage of is that the additional pressure of the repelling magnets at the beginning of the second half of the cycle creates a higher speed when the bolt is moved to the forward position, thus increasing impact and wear.

[0030] The US patent application US 2021102768 Al describes a magnetic recoil buffer system for a firearm, comprising a buffer tube and a buffer element and a compression spring arranged slidably therein. The buffer element is further connected to a piston and a rotating rod, which rotates with the movement of the piston, whereby a one-way bearing with a magnetically reactive disc also rotates with the rotating rod. However, the rotation of the magnetically reactive disc is braked by magnets, slowing down the entire damping cycle of the firearm. The disadvantage of this buffer system is the high number of mechanical components, the overall complexity of the system, and the inability to tune the magnetic interaction between the magnet and the magnetically reactive disc due to the magnet's location deep inside the buffer system. Another disadvantage is the risk of negatively affecting the behaviour of the firearm due to the rotation of the unidirectional bearing with the magnetically reactive disc.

[0031] Magnetic recoil buffer systems based on attractive magnetic force

[0032] The magnetic recoil damping element can be fitted with a pair of attracting magnets. The principle of recoil damping is that when the distal end of the buffer tube is reached, the magnets begin to move apart and their mutual attraction counteracts the force of the bolt movement, thereby reducing recoil in a similar way to a hydraulic buffer, for example.

[0033] The US patent US 3492749 A describes a magnetic recoil buffer system for a firearm, comprising a double- ended aluminium or brass buffer tube with a magnet fixed at one end, a sliding buffer element made of a magnetic material and a compression spring. In the first half of the cycle, after firing is fired and the attractive magnetic force is overcome, the buffer element is pulled away from the magnet to the opposite end of the buffer tube, while the magnet is slowed down by the resistance caused by compressing the compression spring. In the second half of the cycle, the compression spring begins to move the buffer element towards the magnet. This system is not connected to or interacts with the bolt carrier in any way, nor does it slow down its movement, as it is a component in the firearm stock that have a full bolt lock and require pumping to be cocked (e.g. shotguns). It is simply a mass that moves inside the stock after the entire firearm is set in motion by the shot. The disadvantage of this recoil buffer system is its mechanical isolation from other moving parts of the firearm, and thus its low effectiveness in reducing firearm recoil.

[0034] The US patent application US 2010122482 Al describes a magnetic recoil buffer system for reducing firearm recoil, comprising a buffer tube and a recoil damping element arranged therein in a sliding manner with a system of compression springs and recoil damping elements, which is further connected to a sliding magnet holder. In its rest position, the magnet is attracted to a fixed magnetic plate and is further connected to a compression spring. In the first half of the cycle, after firing is fired, the buffer element is moved to the distal end of the buffer tube, where it is slowed down by the resistance caused by compressing the compression springs. This movement subsequently overcomes the attractive magnetic force between the magnet and the magnetic plate and pulls the magnet holder and the magnet itself away from the magnetic plate to the distal end of the buffer tube, with the magnet being slowed down by the resistance caused by compressing the compression spring. In the second half of the cycle, the compression spring begins to move the magnet and the entire buffer element forward towards the proximal end of the buffer tube. The disadvantage of this buffer system is the high number of mechanical components, the overall complexity of the system, difficult serviceability, and the inability to tune the magnetic interaction between the magnet and the magnetic plate due to the location of the magnet deep inside the buffer system.

[0035] The US patent application US 2019017765 Al describes a magnetic recoil buffer system for a firearm, comprising a buffer tube and a buffer element arranged slidably therein with a fixedly arranged weight, a compression spring and a fixedly arranged magnet. The magnet is arranged at the distal end of the buffer tube and serves to temporarily hold the buffer element at the distal end of the buffer tube. A disadvantage of this buffer system is a reduction in the pressing force in the last part of the cycle, which can result in unreliable feeding of the cartridge into the chamber. Here, too, the bolt carrier is momentarily separated and continues to the forward position due to its own kinetic energy, but the buffer element separates from it due to the delay and only catches up with it later.

[0036] The US patent 11692785 A describes a magnetic recoil buffer system for a firearm, comprising a buffer tube and a buffer element slidably arranged therein with a freely arranged weight and a first and second compression spring. The buffer element can be made of a magnetic metal or non-magnetic material and comprises magnets placed around its circumference to create a temporary attractive magnetic force between the buffer element and the weight. The weight may be made of a magnetic metallic material. In the first half of the cycle, after firing, the buffer element is moved by the bolt carrier to the distal end of the buffer tube, where it is slowed down by the resistance caused by the compression of the first compression spring and, near the distal end, also by the second compression spring. After the buffer element hits the distal end of the buffer tube, there is still an inertial shift of the weights within the buffer element towards the distal end of the buffer tube, whereby the movement of the weight separating from the magnets must simultaneously overcome the attractive magnetic force between the magnets and the weight, which slows down this inertial displacement. In the second half of the cycle, the compression spring begins to move the buffer element towards the proximal end of the buffer tube, thereby moving the bolt carrier forward. At the proximal end of the buffer tube, there is still an inertial shift of the weights within the buffer element towards the proximal end of the buffer tube, followed by the weights being pulled towards the magnets by the attractive magnetic force, which prevents the bolt carrier from rebounding from the barrel (the so-called "anti-bouncing effect"). A disadvantage of this buffer system is the inability to tune the magnetic interaction between the magnet and the weight due to the location of the magnet deep inside the buffer system. Another disadvantage is the inability to function with a folding stock adapter without additional special spacer parts and high resistance when cocking the firearm.

[0037] The prior art also includes a buffer system called the "Taccom Magnet Delayed Blowback Recoil buffer system", see https: / / www.thefirearmblog.eom / blog / 2019 / 07 / 02 / taccom-delayed-blowback-9mm-recoil- system-with-neodymium- magnets / #:~:text=The%20TACCOM%20Delayed%20blowback%20recoil%20system%20is%20unlike,se nding%20the%20bolt%20back%20in%20the%20recoil%20stroke. (available 19 November 2024). This system uses neodymium magnets that slow down due to interaction with a square guide rod. The material of the guide rod is not specified.

[0038] Magnetic bu ffer systems based on eddy currents

[0039] When moving in a stationary, conductive, non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. a buffer tube), a magnetic buffer element can induce eddy currents (known as Foucault currents), which, according to Lenz's law, create a magnetic field in the stationary, conductive, non-ferromagnetic material with the opposite polarity to that of the magnetic field of the moving magnetic buffer element. These magnetic fields act against each other, resulting in the braking of the magnetic buffer element. The higher the speed of the moving magnet, the greater the braking force.

[0040] The publication by Liu et al., Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478 (2023) 092021 entitled "Performance Study of a Permanent-Magnet Eddy Current Damper for Guns Recoil Control" (available at doi: 10.1088 / 1742-6596 / 2478 / 9 / 092021) describes a test magnetic buffer system for testing firearm recoil damping, comprising a buffer tube with an inner aluminium wall and an outer steel wall, and a magnetic buffer element with neodymium magnets arranged slidably in the buffer tube. The dimensions and weight in this study are virtually incompatible with use in firearms.

[0041] The Chinese patent application CN 118729861 A describes a magnetic recoil buffer system for reducing the recoil of a pistol, comprising a buffer tube arranged coaxially with the barrel of the firearm and a magnetic recoil damping element and a compression spring arranged slidably in the buffer tube. The buffer element may comprise a set of magnets arranged in a Halbach array. The buffer tube comprises an inner copper tube, in which eddy currents and a magnetic field acting against the movement of the magnetic buffer element are generated when the magnetic buffer element moves, and an outer stainless steel tube, which is cooled by a cooling medium. In the first half of the cycle, after firing is fired, the buffer element is moved in a countermotion to the barrel forward to the proximal end of the buffer tube, while being braked by the resistance caused by compressing the compression spring and the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube. In the second half of the cycle, the compression spring begins to move the buffer element backwards towards the distal end of the buffer tube, thereby moving the barrel in a countermovement forward, with the buffer element again being slowed down by the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube. This buffer system is located coaxially with the barrel and is braked by the movement of the pistol slide during the damping cycle. The disadvantage of this buffer system is the need for cooling with a cooling medium.

[0042] The international patent application WO 202286367 Al describes a magnetic recoil buffer system for a firearm, comprising a buffer tube arranged coaxially with the barrel of the firearm and a magnetic buffer element arranged slidably outside the buffer tube. The buffer tube is a conductive, non-ferromagnetic tube in which eddy currents and a magnetic field acting against the movement of the magnetic buffer element are generated when the magnetic buffer element moves. The disadvantage of this buffer system is its coaxial arrangement with the barrel, which causes degradation of the magnets due to heating by the heat emanating from the barrel.

[0043] The US patent US 2818783 A describes a magnetic recoil buffer system for a firearm, comprising a buffer tube arranged coaxially with the barrel of the firearm and an electromagnetic buffer element arranged slidably in the buffer tube, comprising coils wound around the barrel and connected to a power source. The buffer tube is made of a copper or aluminium (i.e. a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material), and when the electromagnetic buffer element moves, eddy currents and a magnetic field are created in it, counteracting the movement of the magnetic buffer element. In the first half of the cycle, after firing is fired, the buffer element is moved in a countermotion to the barrel forward to the proximal end of the buffer tube, while being braked by the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube. In the second half of the cycle, the buffer element begins to move backward toward the distal end of the buffer tube, thereby moving the barrel forward in a countermotion, while the buffer element is again slowed down by the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube. This buffer system is located coaxially with the barrel and is braked by the movement of the breech during the damping cycle. The disadvantage of this buffer system is the need to power the electromagnetic buffer element, which increases the dependence of the firearm's function on the power supply in the field.

[0044] Other magnetic buffer systems for a firearm are generally known from US patents US 11561055 B2 and US 9719748 B2.

[0045] In the prior art, there is a need, and the objective of the invention is to provide a magnetic recoil buffer system for a firearm that is reliable, robust, simple, easy to maintain, usable in direct damping of the bolt carrier movement, providing the shooter with a feeling of a "soft" damping cycle of the firearm and allowing for the tuning of the magnetic interaction between the magnet and the buffer tube.

[0046] Summary of the invention

[0047] The above objective is achieved in the first aspect of this invention by a magnetic recoil buffer system comprising a buffer tube, a magnet, a compression spring and a ring. The buffer tube is made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material, has an open (proximal) end and a closed (distal) end, comprises an external threaded portion extending from the open end, and is connectable to the frame of a firearm by means of the external threaded portion at its open end. The magnet is slidably arranged inside the buffer tube between the open and closed ends to create eddy currents in the buffer tube when the magnet moves inside the buffer tube and to dampen the movement of the bolt and bolt carrier of a firearm (e.g., in AR- 15, AR- 10 or CZ Bren-2) or to dampen the movement of the dynamic breech of a firearm (e.g. AR-9 platform). In the buffer tube, the movement of the magnet creates eddy currents and a magnetic field with the opposite polarity to that of the moving magnet, according to Lenz's law, and this moving magnet is slowed down in both directions by this opposing magnetic field. A compression spring is arranged inside the buffer tube and secured between the closed end and the magnet to dampen the movement of the magnet and the bolt with the bolt carrier.

[0048] According to the first alternative, a ring nut made of a magnetic material may be provided for additional damping of the movement of the magnet and for magnetic locking of the bolt and bolt carrier or dynamic breech of the firearm, which is arranged on the external threaded part of the buffer tube. This alternative applies to firearms on the AR- 15, AR- 10 or AR-9 platforms with a carbine stock.

[0049] According to the second alternative, the ring may be located in an opening in the stock firmly attached to the firearm frame (i.e., not on the threaded portion of the buffer tube, but behind the threaded part of the buffer tube towards the distal end of the buffer tube) for additional damping of the movement of the magnet and for magnetic locking of the bolt and bolt carrier or dynamic breech of the firearm. This alternative applies to firearms on AR-15, AR-10 or AR-9 platforms with a fixed stock.

[0050] The underlying idea of the magnetic buffer system according to this invention lies in the fact that the ring, which is used according to the first alternative as a nut in the function of a lock nut to secure the buffer tube in the firearm frame by means of a thread, or according to the second alternative as a newly added element located in the opening of the fixed stock, creates a magnetic interaction with the magnet acting as a buffer element in the initial part of the first half of the damping cycle and in the final part of the second half of the damping cycle. This magnetic interaction effectively helps to slow down the movement of the magnet, as it must be overcome at the very beginning of the cycle, and also because in the next phase of the cycle only the magnet moves, i.e. the lighter buffer element without weights. Effective braking of the magnet's movement also occurs at the end of the cycle, when the magnet is attracted to the ring (e.g. nut), which increases the pressure of the compression spring, and in this position, it is stabilised by the attractive magnetic force, which prevents the bolt carrier from rebounding from the barrel (the so-called "antibouncing effect") and makes the firearm more reliable in the context of feeding another round into the chamber. The magnetic buffer system comprising the aforementioned ring (e.g. the aforementioned nut) therefore functions reliably, can be used on various firearms platforms (e.g. AR-15, AR-10 or AR-9), has a low number of parts with low weight, which ensures easy assembly and serviceability, which is especially important in the field, it utilises direct damping of the bolt carrier movement compared to indirect damping of the inertial recoil movement or barrel damping, and provides the shooter with a "soft" firearm damping cycle feel. The aforementioned feeling of a "soft" firearm recoil cycle manifests itself, for example, in less tension for the shooter and less impact of the firearm on the shooter's cheekbone and shoulder. Another advantage is the use of the buffer tube, which is always present in the firearm, as an active recoil element, which greatly simplifies the recoil buffer system.

[0051] Preferably, the ring (e.g. nut) is arranged in the first quarter of the length of the buffer tube from its open end, thus achieving the longest possible path for damping the movement of the magnet in the buffer tube.

[0052] Preferably, the magnetic buffer system further comprises at least one additional magnet. The additional magnet is arranged in contact with the magnet and inside the buffer tube, movably between the open and closed ends, to dampen the movement of the bolt carrier of the firearm. The additional magnet increases the degree of interaction between the magnets and the ring (e.g. nut), which is advantageous for firearms with higher pressures, for example with silencers or when using heavier ammunition, even at the cost of a higher weight of the moving buffer element (i.e. two or more magnets).

[0053] Preferably, the additional magnet may have reverse polarity with respect to the magnet, i.e. these magnets are arranged with their same poles facing each other, which pushes the magnetic field lines into the space for stronger magnetic interaction with the ring (e.g. nut) and the buffer tube. Preferably, the additional magnet may have orthogonal polarity with respect to the magnet, allowing the direction of the magnetic field lines to be modified in various ways. The magnet and at least three additional magnets with mutual orthogonal polarity can also be arranged in a Halbach array, i.e. with the polarity rotated by 90° for each additional magnet.

[0054] Preferably, the magnet and / or additional magnet comprises neodymium. Neodymium magnets have excellent magnetic properties such as remanence, coercivity and energy density, and are particularly advantageous due to the availability of different degrees of magnetisation on the market.

[0055] Preferably, the magnet is fixedly arranged in a cavity of a housing made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material to protect the magnet and create a distance between the magnet and the wall and the open end of the buffer tube. Preferably, the magnet is slidably arranged in a cavity of a housing made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material to protect the magnet and create a distance between the magnet and the wall and open end of the buffer tube. The housing provides mechanical protection for the magnet, especially during impacts during the damping cycle of the firearm. The housing can also be used to modify the distance between the magnet and the ring (e.g. nut) or between the magnet and the buffer tube, thereby modifying their magnetic interaction and the initial preload of the magnet-ring pair (e.g. magnet-nut) while leaving the initial preload of the compression spring unchanged. The modification of the magnetic interaction can be used for tuning with different performance / powder charges of ammunition. The sliding arrangement of the magnet in the housing also allows the magnet to be used as a weight, which slows down the movement of the buffer element by its inertia when it hits the distal and proximal ends of the buffer tube. This additional braking prolongs the damping cycle of the firearm, resulting in better seating of the next round and preventing the bolt carrier from bouncing off the barrel at the end of the damping cycle (the so-called anti -bouncing effect).

[0056] Preferably, the cavity of the housing is higher than the magnet and further comprises at least one spacer pad (e.g., an elastomeric spacer pad) and / or a magnet adjustment mechanism (e.g., an adjustment screw, a ball with a latch, etc.) in the remaining space above and / or below the magnet. This makes it possible to adjust the initial position of the magnet along the axis of the buffer tube relative to the ring (e.g. to the nut), which allows the preload of the compression spring to be modified (i.e. the distance between the magnet and the proximal end of the compression spring at a constant length of the buffer tube and position of the ring), and, to a certain extent, modify the magnetic interaction between the magnet and the ring (e.g. nut).

[0057] Preferably, the housing includes a first additional cavity with a weight arranged therein. The first additional cavity of the housing may be higher than the weight to allow axial movement of the weight, which slows down the movement of the buffer element by its inertia upon impact at both the distal and proximal ends of the buffer tube. This additional braking prolongs the damping cycle of the firearm, resulting in better seating of the next round and preventing the bolt carrier from bouncing off the barrel at the end of the damping cycle (the so-called anti -bouncing effect). The difference from a sliding magnet is that the weight can be made of a non-magnetic steel or tungsten, for example, and serves only to add mass to the buffer element. The first additional cavity of the housing may further comprise at least one spacer pad in the remaining space above and / or below the weight.

[0058] Preferably, the thickness of the housing between the buffer tube and the magnet is max. 1 mm, preferably max. 0.5 mm, which ensures sufficient magnetic interaction between the magnet and the ring (e.g. nut), and in particular between the magnet and the buffer tube, for braking the movement of the bolt carrier in the damping cycle of the firearm. If the thickness of the housing between the buffer tube and the magnet is greater than 0.5 mm, the magnet does not sufficiently dampen the recoil.

[0059] Preferably, the magnet and the additional magnet are arranged side by side in the cavity of the housing with an adjustable mutual distance for adjusting the distance between the magnet and the additional magnet from the buffer tube, thereby adjusting the degree of braking of the magnets when moving in the buffer tube. This arrangement may take the form of two inverted horseshoes or U-shaped magnets with their ends facing each other. The mutual distance can be adjusted, for example, by means of a conical adjustment screw. Preferably, the magnetic buffer system further comprises a static stopper made of a plastic (e.g. polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM-C)) or a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. copper, aluminium, brass, duralumin, etc.). The static stopper is arranged inside the buffer tube at its closed end and inside or outside the compression spring to dampen the movement of the magnet when it hits the distal end of the buffer tube. If the static stopper is made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material, the approaching magnet also induces eddy currents in it, creating a magnetic field of the static stopper that counteracts the magnetic field of the moving magnet. The faster the magnet moves towards the distal end and back towards the proximal end of the buffer tube, the more it is slowed down by the static stopper.

[0060] Preferably, the static stopper is conical in shape, which is particularly advantageous for the above-described embodiment of the magnet and the additional magnet arranged side by side with an adjustable mutual distance. This mutual distance increases when the magnets strike the distal end of the buffer tube, so that the housing with the magnets has a central opening that fits onto the static stopper, and the deeper the magnets are pushed onto the static stopper, the closer they are to the buffer tube and the greater the magnetic field of the buffer tube, or even the static stopper, with opposite polarity to the magnets. The magnets can therefore be effectively and gradually braked at the distal end of the buffer tube, achieving a "soft" damping cycle of the firearm.

[0061] Preferably, the static stopper comprises a central guide rod with a variable diameter increasing from the open end to the closed end of the buffer tube, with the central guide rod protruding through the inside of the buffer tube from the static stopper at the closed end of the buffer tube, and optionally up to the level of the ring (e.g., a nut), which is particularly advantageous for the above-described design of the magnet and the additional magnet arranged side by side with an adjustable mutual distance. This mutual distance increases and then decreases as the magnets move towards the distal end of the tube and back, precisely according to the defined diameter of the central guide rod, so that the housing with the magnets has a central opening that copies the variable diameter of the central guide rod, and the more the magnets are slid onto the larger diameter of the central guide rod, the closer they are to the side wall of the buffer tube, and the greater the magnetic field of the buffer tube, with opposite polarity, acts on the magnets. The magnets can therefore be effectively and gradually braked throughout the entire length of the buffer tube, achieving a feeling of optimisation of the "soft" damping cycle of the firearm. The central guide rod can be positioned in the axis of the buffer tube using an adjustment screw, thereby changing the braking force curve.

[0062] Preferably, the housing at the distal end comprises a retractable piston with a variable diameter that increases from the open end to the closed end of the buffer tube, whereby the retractable piston protrudes through the interior of the buffer tube from the housing towards the closed end of the buffer tube and can be retracted into the housing upon impact at the closed end of the buffer tube, which is particularly advantageous for the above-described design of the magnet and additional magnet arranged side by side with an adjustable mutual distance. This mutual distance increases and then decreases as the magnets move and the retractable piston retracts, with a similar effect as in the case of the central guide rod described above.

[0063] Preferably, spacer pads are arranged on the static stopper so that they slightly compress the compression spring and thus change its initial preload.

[0064] Preferably, an additional magnet is fixedly arranged in the static stopper. Preferably, an additional magnet is arranged in a sliding manner in the static stopper. The additional magnet acts on the moving magnet with an attractive magnetic force, so that in the middle of the damping cycle, the magnet at the distal end of the buffer tube is delayed longer, which slightly prolongs the damping cycle, and at the beginning of the second half of the damping cycle, the resistance of the compression springs must additionally overcome this attractive magnetic interaction, which slows down the movement of the magnet even more. If the additional magnet is arranged to be movable in the static stopper, the magnet and the additional magnet approach each other and the additional magnet also acts as a counterweight performing a countermovement relative to the moving magnet (in both directions), which slows down the movement of the magnet even more.

[0065] Preferably, the additional magnet in the static stopper is arranged in a cavity that is higher than the additional magnet and further comprises, in the remaining space above and / or below the additional magnet, an adjustment mechanism for the displacement of the additional magnet (e.g., an adjustment screw and a ball with a latch) and / or at least one spacer pad (e.g. an elastomer spacer pad). This allows the initial position of the additional magnet in the static stopper along the axis of the buffer tube relative to the magnet to be adjusted, which makes it possible to modify the magnetic interaction between the magnet and the additional magnet in the static stopper.

[0066] Preferably, the magnetic buffer system also includes a dynamic stopper, e.g. made of a plastic (e.g. polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM-C)) or a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. copper, aluminium, brass, duralumin, aluminium alloy type EN AW-7075-T6, etc.). The dynamic stopper is arranged slidably inside the buffer tube between its open end and closed end and in contact with the magnet (i.e. without a connecting means) or attached to the magnet (e.g. by a countersunk nut or locking screw). The sliding arrangement of the dynamic stopper can be achieved, for example, by guiding the dynamic stopper along a central guide rod and / or the inner diameter of the buffer tube, preferably inside a compression spring, to dampen the movement of the magnet when it hits the distal end of the buffer tube. During the damping cycle, the dynamic stopper moves together with the buffer element and the bolt carrier. In this arrangement, the dynamic stopper no longer serves only as a fixed support element at the distal end of the buffer tube, but becomes part of the moving mass of the buffer system. The dynamic stopper may have an elastomer tip for better shock absorption. The dynamic stopper can be secured against rotation and can be axially limited in one or more positions by means of stops, retaining rings, latches or screws. The dynamic stopper with a magnet can also be combined with a spacer for setting the initial position of the magnet at the level of the ring (e.g. nut). The advantage of the dynamic stopper is better compatibility with existing recoil buffer systems for a firearm.

[0067] Preferably, the dynamic stopper comprises a second additional cavity with weights arranged inside it, so that the sliding arrangement of the dynamic stopper also allows for an increase in the total weight of the moving buffer element. The second additional cavity of the dynamic stopper is higher than the weights to allow axial movement of the weights, which brake the movement of the dynamic stopper with their inertia when they hit the distal and proximal ends of the buffer tube. This additional braking prolongs the damping cycle of the firearm, resulting in better seating of the next round and preventing the bolt carrier from bouncing off the barrel at the end of the damping cycle (the so-called anti -bouncing effect). The weight can be made, for example, of non-magnetic steel or tungsten, and also serves to add mass to the dynamic stopper. The second additional cavity of the dynamic stopper further in the remaining space above and / or below the weight may comprise at least one spacer pad.

[0068] In other words, from a physical point of view, increasing the weight of the moving parts (bolt carrier, buffer element, dynamic stopper with weight) reduces the acceleration and maximum speed of these parts during the damping cycle for a given gas system impulse. This leads to a slower cycle, a "softer" transfer of recoil to the shooter and a reduction in peak stresses on the parts. This is particularly advantageous when shooting with a silencer, when there is an increase in pressure in the system and a tendency for faster and more aggressive firearm cycling. In such cases, the sliding dynamic stopper with weights allows the effective weight of the buffer element and bolt carrier to be increased. This reduces the cycling speed of the firearm, improves shooter comfort in terms of perceived recoil, reduces component wear when firing with a silencer or with an overpressure gas system setting, and increases feeding reliability when using various types of ammunition with higher energy content. The sliding arrangement of the dynamic stopper thus provides an additional tuning parameter for the buffer system, where it is possible to combine the effect of magnetic damping, compression spring preload adjustment, and the weight of moving parts for different firearm configurations, especially for shooting with a silencer.

[0069] Preferably, the magnetic buffer system also includes an adjustable sleeve made of a conductive, nonferromagnetic material (e.g. copper, aluminium, brass, duralumin, etc.). The adjustable sleeve can be arranged fixed or sliding on the buffer tube and outside the buffer tube between the open and closed ends. The adjustable sleeve can be positioned along the buffer tube, e.g. by means of a threaded connection.

[0070] Preferably, the magnetic buffer system further comprises a foil made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. copper, aluminium, brass, duralumin, etc.). The foil may be arranged fixedly on the buffer tube and outside the buffer tube between the open and closed ends. The foil may have the shape of a parabola or a parabola with a pointed apex and may be glued to the outside of the buffer tube so that its narrower part (the apex of the parabola) is located at the proximal end of the buffer tube and its wider part is located at the distal end of the buffer tube. The shape of the foil can thus define the course of the braking eddy currents in a moving magnet.

[0071] Preferably, the buffer tube has at least two different wall thickness values, which can be achieved, for example, by internal or external milling or by longitudinal relief grooves or surfaces in the buffer tube. The wall thickness values refer to the effective wall thickness of the buffer tube, ensuring a variable course of braking eddy currents in a moving magnet.

[0072] Preferably, a stock comprising an insert made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. copper, aluminium, brass, duralumin, etc.) is attached to the buffer tube.

[0073] The above-described adjustable sleeve, foil, insert and buffer tube with a wall of at least two different thicknesses modifies the active wall thickness of the buffer tube and thus the intensity of the magnetic field acting against the magnetic field of the moving magnet. This allows for user-friendly variability in the degree of braking for different types of firearms and ammunition.

[0074] The above objective is achieved in the second aspect of this invention by a magnetic buffer system comprising a firearm frame, a bolt carrier, a magnet, a guide rod, a compression spring, a static stopper and a cocking lever. The firearm frame is made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. copper, aluminium, zinc, duralumin, brass or aluminium alloys such as EN AW-7075-T6 or EN AW-6061-T6 used in CZ Bren-2 rifle platforms). The bolt carrier is linearly slidable in the firearm frame along the guide rod, has a proximal end and a distal end, and comprises at least one magnet fixed between these ends to create eddy currents in the firearm frame when the magnet moves inside the firearm frame and to dampen the movement of the bolt carrier. The proximal end of the guide rod is insertable into the bolt carrier. In the firearm frame, the movement of the magnet creates eddy currents and a magnetic field with the opposite polarity to that of the moving magnet in accordance with Lenz's law, and this moving magnet is braked in both directions by this counteracting magnetic field. A compression spring made of a magnetic material (e.g. cryogenic steel type 17-7 ph / 950 RH, stainless steel type 17-7 PH, chromium-silicon steel, spring steel nd ASTM A228 steel) is arranged outside the guide rod and secured between the distal end of the bolt carrier and a static stopper to dampen the movement of the bolt carrier. The static stopper made of a plastic (e.g. polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM-C)) or a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. copper, aluminium, brass, duralumin, aluminium alloy type EN AW-7075-T6, etc.) is arranged at the distal end of the guide rod. The cocking lever can be attached to the firearm frame by means of a handle and comprises a guide element for the cocking lever. The bolt carrier is linearly movable relative to the guide element of the cocking lever.

[0075] The underlying idea of the magnetic buffer system according to this invention lies in the fact that the guide element of the cocking lever is made of a magnetic material (e.g. magnetic steel) and creates a magnetic interaction with the magnet acting as a buffer element in the initial part of the first half of the damping cycle and in the final part of the second half of the damping cycle. This magnetic interaction effectively helps to brake the movement of the magnet, as it must be overcome at the very beginning of the cycle. Effective braking of the magnet's movement also occurs at the end of the cycle, when the magnet is attracted to the guide element, which increases the pressure of the compression spring, and in this position, it is stabilised by the attractive magnetic force, which prevents the bolt carrier from rebounding from the barrel (the so- called "anti-bouncing effect") and makes the firearm more reliable in the context of feeding another round into the chamber. The magnetic buffer system comprising the aforementioned guide element of the cocking lever, made of a magnetic material, for additional damping of the movement of the magnet and for magnetic locking of the bolt carrier of a firearm therefore functions reliably and can be used on various firearm platforms (e.g. CZ Bren-2, FN SCAR or ACR), has a low number of parts with low weight, which ensures easy assembly and serviceability, which is especially important in the field, it uses direct damping of the bolt carrier movement compared to indirect damping of the recoil inertia movement or barrel damping, and provides the shooter with a "soft" firearm damping cycle feel. The aforementioned feeling of a "soft" firearm recoil cycle manifests itself, for example, in less tension for the shooter and less impact of the firearm on the shooter's cheekbone and shoulder. Another advantage is the use of the firearm frame, which is always present in the firearm, as an active buffer element, which greatly simplifies the buffer system.

[0076] Preferably, the bolt carrier comprises at least four magnets with mutual orthogonal polarity, arranged in a Halbach array, i.e. with the polarity rotated by 90° for each subsequent magnet. This arrangement deforms the magnetic field and directs it significantly in one direction (towards the firearm frame and the guide element of the cocking lever), resulting in more significant eddy current production in this direction in the wall of the firearm frame, thus contributing to more effective braking.

[0077] Preferably, the magnet is fixed or slidably arranged in a cavity of a housing made of a conductive, nonferromagnetic material. The housing provides mechanical protection for the magnet, especially during impacts during the recoil cycle of the firearm. The housing can also be used to modify the distance between the magnet and the guide element of the cocking lever, or between the magnet and the firearm frame, thereby modifying their magnetic interaction and the initial preload of the magnet-guide element pair while leaving the initial preload of the compression spring unchanged. The modification of the magnetic interaction can be used for tuning with different performance / powder charges of ammunition. The sliding arrangement of the magnet in the housing also allows the magnet to be used as a weight, which brakes the movement of the bolt carrier with its inertia upon impact at the distal and proximal ends of the bolt carrier. This additional braking prolongs the firearm's recoil cycle, resulting in better chambering of the next round and preventing the bolt carrier from bouncing off the barrel at the end of the recoil cycle (the so-called antibouncing effect). However, even in the basic embodiment of the magnetic recoil buffer system, the magnet can be surrounded by the bolt carrier on both sides and from below.

[0078] Preferably, the housing comprises a first additional cavity with weights arranged inside it. The first additional cavity of the housing is higher than the weights to allow axial movement of the weights, which slow down the movement of the buffer element with their inertia when they hit the distal and proximal ends of the bolt carrier. This additional braking prolongs the damping cycle of the firearm, resulting in better loading of the next cartridge and preventing the bolt carrier from bouncing off the barrel at the end of the damping cycle (the so-called anti -bouncing effect). The difference from a sliding magnet is that the weight can be made, for example, of non-magnetic steel or tungsten, and serves only to add mass to the buffer element. The first additional cavity of the housing may further comprise at least one spacer pad in the remaining space in front of and / or behind the weight.

[0079] Preferably, the static stopper includes an additional central guide rod with a variable diameter increasing from the proximal end to the distal end (i.e., from the static stopper to the barrel). The additional central guide rod may be cone-shaped, or a cone cut longitudinally in half, protruding from the static stopper between the guide rod and the firearm frame, shorter than the length of the bolt carrier, and inserted into the central opening of the magnet, thereby changing the distance between the magnet and the firearm frame. This mutual distance increases and then decreases as the magnet moves towards the distal end of the guide rod and back, precisely according to the defined diameter of the guide rod, so that the magnet has a central hole that copies the variable diameter of the guide rod, and the more the magnet is slid onto the larger diameter of the guide rod, the closer it is to the firearm frame, and the greater the magnetic field of the firearm frame, with opposite polarity, acts on the magnet. The magnet can therefore be effectively and gradually slowed down along the entire length of the firearm frame, achieving a feeling of optimisation of a "soft" recoil cycle of the firearm.

[0080] Preferably, the bolt carrier includes a retractable piston at the distal end with a variable diameter increasing from the proximal end to the distal end of the bolt carrier. The retractable piston may be cone-shaped or longitudinally cut in half, protruding from the distal end of the bolt carrier between the guide rod and the firearm frame, shorter than the length of the bolt carrier, and retractable into the centre hole of the magnet, thereby changing the distance between the magnet and the firearm frame. This mutual distance increases and then decreases as the magnet moves and the retractable piston retracts, with a similar effect as in the case of the additional central guide rod described above.

[0081] Preferably, the magnetic buffer system further comprises an adjustable sleeve made of a conductive, nonferromagnetic material (e.g., copper, aluminium, brass, duralumin, etc.). The adjustable sleeve can be fixed or sliding on the firearm frame and outside the firearm frame, between the proximal and distal ends of the guide rod. The adjustable sleeve can be positioned along the firearm frame, e.g. by attaching it to a Weaver rail or Picatinny rail (i.e. to the rugged upper surface of the firearm frame).

[0082] Preferably, the magnetic buffer system further comprises a foil made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material (e.g., copper, aluminium, brass, duralumin, etc.). The foil may be arranged fixedly on the firearm frame and outside the firearm frame, substantially correspondingly between the proximal and distal ends of the guide rod. The foil may have the shape of a parabola or a parabola with a pointed apex and may be externally attached to the buffer tube so that its narrower part (the apex of the parabola) is located in the area of the proximal end of the guide rod and its wider part is located in the area of the distal end of the guide rod. The shape of the foil can thus define the course of the braking eddy currents in a moving magnet.

[0083] Preferably, the firearm frame has at least two different wall thickness values, which can be achieved, for example, by internal or external milling or by longitudinal lightening grooves or surfaces in the firearm frame. The wall thickness values refer to the effective wall thickness of the firearm frame, ensuring variable braking eddy currents in the moving magnet.

[0084] The adjustable sleeve, foil and firearm frame with walls of at least two different thicknesses described above modify the effective wall thickness of the firearm frame and thus the intensity of the magnetic field acting against the magnetic field of the moving magnet. This allows for user-friendly variability in the degree of braking for different types of firearms and ammunition.

[0085] In accordance with both aspects of this invention, in an advantageous embodiment, the conductive, nonferromagnetic material in the context of this invention is copper, aluminium, zinc, or their alloys (duralumin, brass, aluminium alloy type EN AW-7075-T6 or EN AW-6061-T6, commonly used for firearms), or non-magnetic stainless steel.

[0086] In accordance with both aspects of this invention, the compression spring may be a spring with a flat wire profile. Compared to a round wire profile, such a spring takes up less height when fully compressed, allowing the use of a spacer pad for adjusting the initial preload of the compression spring. At the same time, a fully compressed spring (with any wire profile) does not exceed the height of the buffer element, thus not shortening the damping cycle of the firearm. The flat profile spring wire may be corrugated for additional shock absorption of the buffer element, and, for example, the spring may be arranged on a static stopper instead of a spacer pad to absorb the final shock.

[0087] In accordance with both aspects of this invention, it is advantageous to supplement at least one magnet with at least one pole piece. Pole pieces allow the magnetic flux distribution to be controlled and its density to be increased in the desired areas of the buffer tube. Preferably, the pole piece may be arranged in contact with the magnet or at a distance from the magnet, e.g. above and / or below the magnet in the axial direction (i.e. in the axis of sliding movement of the magnet). Preferably, the first pole piece may be arranged above the magnet and the second pole piece may be arranged below the magnet in the axial direction.

[0088] The pole piece acts as a magnetic flux conductor, directing the magnetic field lines to areas with lower magnetic resistance. This results in a local concentration of magnetic flux, which leads to more intense eddy currents in the relevant part of the buffer tube. This phenomenon corresponds to the fact that ferromagnetic material with high permeability offers significantly lower magnetic resistance to the magnetic field than air or non-ferromagnetic materials. The magnetic field lines therefore enter the pole piece, pass through it and exit at the point of lowest resistance, typically towards the wall of the buffer tube. From a physical point of view, pole pieces can be understood as part of a magnetic circuit that reduces the overall magnetic reluctance between the magnet and the buffer tube and at the same time narrows the crosssection of the area where the magnetic flux passes through the air gap (between the pole piece and the wall of the buffer tube). This increases the magnetic induction B in this gap. When the magnet (or buffer element) moves relative to the conductive, non-ferromagnetic buffer tube, the magnetic flux changes more rapidly in time (higher d / dt) in this area with a higher B value, and according to Faraday's law of induction, stronger eddy currents are generated. According to Lenz's law, these eddy currents are always oriented so as to counteract the change in magnetic flux that caused them. The result is a higher braking force, the magnitude of which increases with magnetic induction and the speed of movement of the buffer element. For a given geometry and material of the buffer tube, a higher local B therefore leads to a significantly higher braking effect.

[0089] At the same time, the braking effect can also be influenced by the distance between the pole piece and the magnet. If a controlled gap filled with a material with a relative magnetic permeability of approximately 1 (pr~ 1) is created between the front surface of the magnet and the pole piece, such as air or a nonferromagnetic material (the pole piece is located at a certain distance from the magnet pole, e.g. a few millimetres), the magnetic resistance of this part of the circuit increases and the efficiency of magnetic flux transfer to the pole piece decreases. This reduces the local magnetic induction in the area of the buffer tube wall, thereby reducing the intensity of eddy currents and the braking effect. By statically adjusting this distance, the performance of the entire system can be continuously adjusted without having to change the magnet or buffer tube itself.

[0090] Adding a protective housing around the magnet distances the magnet from the inner wall of the buffer tube. This distance alone would reduce the density of eddy currents and thus reduce the braking effect. The advantage is that the magnet is protected while maintaining the braking effect.

[0091] However, pole pieces with an outer diameter identical to that of the protective housing pull the magnetic flux back towards the wall of the buffer tube, thereby restoring or increasing the intensity of the eddy currents generated in the area of the buffer tube wall. This provides mechanical protection for the magnet against impacts, thermal separation from the tube wall and maintains or increases the braking effect.

[0092] Pole pieces allow fine adjustment of the magnetic effect simply by choosing their material. Nonferromagnetic pole pieces (e.g. aluminium) exhibit virtually minimal magnetic flux conduction and thus the lowest braking effect (e.g. two non-ferromagnetic pole pieces exhibit a relative braking effect of 1.00), where the extension primarily fulfils a mechanical / protective function. Conversely, ferromagnetic pole pieces (e.g. steel) exhibit strong magnetic flux conduction and direction, and thus high local magnetic induction at the wall of the buffer tube and maximum braking effect (e.g. two ferromagnetic pole pieces exhibit a relative braking effect of approximately 1.50). Materials with intermediate permeability between non-ferromagnetic and ferromagnetic exhibit a medium braking effect. An asymmetrical arrangement can also be used (e.g. non-ferromagnetic pole piece on the north pole, ferromagnetic pole piece on the south pole exhibit a relative braking effect of approx. 1.25), creating different performance variants depending on how the magnetic circuit is closed. The advantage is that the performance can be controlled by selecting the material of the pole pieces.

[0093] The intensity of the magnetic flux can also be adjusted by the geometry of the pole pieces. A smaller diameter of the pole piece means a greater distance between the active surface of the pole piece and the wall of the buffer tube, a larger air gap and higher magnetic resistance in this part of the circuit, thus causing weaker magnetic induction near the wall and a smaller braking effect. A smaller height of the pole piece means a smaller volume of ferromagnetic material and faster magnetic saturation (pr effectively decreases), and thus additional magnetic flux can no longer "fit" into the pole piece and closes elsewhere, causing a modified (typically reduced or directed) braking effect. The advantage is that the performance can be controlled by the shape of the pole pieces.

[0094] This allows a smooth range of braking characteristics to be created without the need to change the magnet itself- the user can change only the pole pieces (material, diameter, height and / or distance from the magnet) and thus adjust the braking curve of the system.

[0095] Preferably, the pole piece can be arranged to slide relative to the magnet, especially in the axial direction, so that when the buffer element hits the distal end of the buffer tube, inertial forces cause the pole piece to temporarily move away from the pole of the magnet pointing towards the distal end. This increases the air gap between the magnet and the pole piece, increases the magnetic resistance of this part of the circuit, and reduces the local magnetic induction in the area of the buffer tube wall. As a result, in the first phase of the damping cycle (recoil movement), the system utilises full or increased braking effect, while in the following phase of the cycle (forward movement when introducing the cartridge into the chamber), the braking effect is reduced. This reduces unnecessary braking in the final phase of the bolt return, improves the reliable feeding of the cartridge into the chamber and reduces the risk of jams caused by insufficient bolt energy during locking.

[0096] The principle of using pole pieces is also applicable in systems where two magnets are oriented with the same poles facing each other (repulsively). Additional pole pieces can be placed between the magnets to adjust the magnetic flux distribution in the space between them; they reduce or increase the effective magnetic resistance between opposite poles (depending on the material of the pole piece) and thus the resulting magnetic repulsion force. They increase the stability of the system at high speeds of movement by defining the preferred path of the magnetic flux. They allow for further variations in the overall braking effect through eddy currents and the repulsive force between the magnets.

[0097] Brief description of the drawings Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of the magnetic buffer system according to the first exemplary embodiment.

[0098] Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section of the magnetic buffer system according to the second exemplary embodiment.

[0099] Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section of the magnetic buffer system according to the third exemplary embodiment.

[0100] Figure 4 shows a longitudinal section of the magnetic buffer system according to the fourth exemplary embodiment.

[0101] Figure 5 shows a longitudinal section of the magnetic buffer system according to the fifth exemplary embodiment.

[0102] Figure 6 shows a longitudinal section of the magnetic buffer system according to the sixth exemplary embodiment.

[0103] Figure 7 shows a longitudinal section of the magnetic buffer system according to the seventh exemplary embodiment.

[0104] Figure 8 shows a longitudinal section of the magnetic buffer system according to the eighth exemplary embodiment.

[0105] Figure 9 shows longitudinal section of the magnetic buffer system according to the ninth exemplary embodiment.

[0106] Figure 10 shows a longitudinal section of the magnetic buffer system according to the tenth exemplary embodiment.

[0107] Figure 11 shows a longitudinal section of the magnetic buffer system according to the eleventh exemplary embodiment.

[0108] Figure 12 shows a longitudinal section of the magnetic buffer system according to the twelfth exemplary embodiment.

[0109] Figure 13 shows a longitudinal section of the magnetic buffer system according to the thirteenth exemplary embodiment.

[0110] Figure 14 shows a dependence of the thrust force exerted by the spring and magnet in magnetic interaction with the ring (e.g. nut) on the distance in the buffer tube from the open end. For clarity and in accordance with customary practice in this field, the thrust force is given in Ibf (pound-force), where 1 Ibf = 4.448 N.

[0111] Figure 15 schematically shows a side view in section of a firearm on the AR- 15 platform with a magnetic buffer system according to this invention. Figure 16 schematically shows a side view in section of a firearm on the CZ Bren-2 platform with a magnetic buffer system according to this invention.

[0112] Figure 17 shows a longitudinal section of the magnetic buffer system according to the fourteenth exemplary embodiment.

[0113] Figure 18 shows a longitudinal section of the magnetic buffer system according to the fifteenth exemplary embodiment.

[0114] Figure 19 shows a time-dependent behaviour of the stock of an AR-15 rifle manufactured by BCM with a barrel length of 11.5" when fired.

[0115] Figure 20 shows a relative displacement of the bolt carrier relative to the firearm frame (BCM AR-15 rifle with a barrel length of 11.5") as a function of time during firing.

[0116] Figure 21 shows a velocity of the bolt carrier (BCM AR-15 rifle with an 11.5" barrel) as a function of time during firing.

[0117] Examples

[0118] Example 1

[0119] Fig. 1 shows a magnetic buffer system comprising a buffer tube 1 with an open (proximal) end 1A and a closed (distal) end IB, a magnet 3, a compression spring 9 and a ring in the form of a nut 2. The buffer tube 1 comprises an external threaded part 23 running from the open end 1A for connection to the frame of a firearm, and in particular for contact with the bolt carrier or dynamic breech. The buffer tube 1 is made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. copper, aluminium, zinc, duralumin, brass or aluminium alloys such as EN AW-7075-T6 or EN AW-6061-T6 used in AR-15 rifle platforms, see Fig. 15). A nut 2 made of a magnetic material (e.g. magnetic steel) is arranged on the external threaded part 23 of the buffer tube 1, where it is held by its thread. The magnet 3 is slidably arranged inside the buffer tube 1 between the open and closed ends 1A, IB, and the compression spring 9 made of a magnetic material (e.g., cryogenic steel type 17-7 ph / 950 RH, stainless steel type 17-7 PH, chromium-silicon steel, spring steel type ASTM A228) is arranged inside the buffer tube 1 and fixed between the closed end IB and the magnet 3. The magnet 3 may comprise neodymium with a magnetisation grade of N48, N50 or N52 and a maximum operating temperature of up to 80 °C or higher, e.g. 100 °C, 120 °C, 150 °C, etc., e.g. with the designation N48, N50, N52, N48M, N50M, N52M, N48H, N50H, N52H, N48SH, N50SH or N52SH. A permanent magnetic interaction occurs between the magnet 3 and the nut 2 when the magnet 3 is close to the nut 2. A temporary magnetic interaction based on Lenz's law and eddy currents occurs between the magnet 3 and the buffer tube 1 when the magnet 3 moves in the buffer tube 1.

[0120] In the first half of the cycle, after firing, the magnet 3 is moved by the bolt carrier to the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1, while being slowed down by the resistance caused by compressing the compression spring 9 and the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1. In the initial phase of the first half of the cycle, the magnet 3 must overcome the attractive magnetic force between the magnet 3 and the nut 2, which causes a significant deceleration of the magnet 3 at the beginning of the cycle. After the magnet 3 has moved to the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1, e.g. the magnet 3 is stopped by such a degree of preload of the compression spring 9 that there is no impact on the closed end IB, i.e. in the second half of the cycle, the compression spring 9 begins to move the magnet 3 towards the open end 1A of buffer tube 1. In the second half of the cycle, magnet 3 is again braked by the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1. At the end of the second half of the cycle, the nut 2 pulls the magnet 3 back to its starting position with its attractive magnetic force, thereby moving the bolt carrier forward and at the same time preventing the bolt carrier from rebounding from the barrel (the so-called "anti-bouncing effect").

[0121] This cycle can also be characterised by a dependence of the thrust force exerted by the spring and the magnet in magnetic interaction with the nut on the distance in the buffer tube from the open end (see Fig. 14), where the following are visible (in the direction of movement of the magnet 3 from the open end 1A to the closed end IB, in the first half of the cycle):

[0122] • a first sharp maximum of the thrust force on the left at the minimum distance of the magnet 3 from the nut 2 and the open end 1A of the buffer tube 1, caused by the need to overcome the magnetic interaction when the magnet 3 is set in motion as a result of the movement of the bolt carrier backwards during firing;

[0123] • a gradual increase in thrust force during the movement of the magnet 3 towards the closed end IB of the buffer tube, caused by the gradual compression of the compression spring 9; and

[0124] • a second maximum of the thrust force on the right at the maximum distance of the magnet 3 from the open end 1A of the buffer tube 1, caused by the maximum compression of the compression spring 9.

[0125] Example 2

[0126] Fig. 2 shows the magnetic buffer system according to Example 1 with the differences described below. The magnetic buffer system additionally comprises an additional magnet 4 in contact with the magnet 3, a static stopper 10 and an adjustable sleeve 11.

[0127] The additional magnet 4 (e.g. comprising neodymium, with a magnetisation grade of N50 or N52 and a maximum operating temperature of up to 80 °C) has the opposite polarity to the magnet 3, which causes the magnetic field lines to be pushed to the sides, towards the buffer tube 1, thereby increasing the degree of magnetic interaction between the magnets 3, 4 and the nut 2, or the buffer tube 1. The magnets 3 and 4 are held together by a countersunk nut 7 and a first locking screw 8, but other known methods of connecting two magnets with reversed polarity can also be used. A spacer 24 is also attached to the magnet 3, which acts as a mechanical connection between the magnet 3 and the bolt carrier and sets the initial position of the magnet 3 to the level of the nut 2. The additional magnet 4 is further protected from the direction of the closed end IB by a protective pad 6 (e.g. an elastomer pad), which also serves as a seat for the compression spring 9.

[0128] The static stopper 10 made of a plastic (e.g. polyoxymethylene copolymer) or a conductive, nonferromagnetic material (e.g. copper) is arranged inside the buffer tube 1 at its closed end IB and inside the compression spring 9.

[0129] The adjustable sleeve 11 made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. aluminium) is arranged fixedly or slidably on the buffer tube 1 and outside the buffer tube 1 between the open and closed ends 1 A, IB.

[0130] In the first half of the cycle, the magnet 3 and the additional magnet 4 are moved by the bolt carrier to the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1 after firing, while being slowed down by the resistance caused by compressing the compression spring 9 and the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1. In the initial phase of the first half of the cycle, the magnet 3 with the additional magnet 4 must overcome the attractive magnetic force between the magnets 3, 4 and the nut 2, which causes a significant deceleration of the magnets 3 , 4 already at the beginning of the cycle . After the additional magnet 4 hits the static stopper 10 at the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1, i.e. in the second half of the cycle, the compression spring 9 begins to move the magnets 3, 4 towards the open end 1A of the buffer tube 1. In the second half of the cycle, the magnets 3 and 4 are again braked by the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1. Braking is more intense in both directions of the movement of the magnets 3 and 4 in those areas of the buffer tube 1 where the adjustable sleeve 11 is located. At the end of the second half of the cycle, the nut 2 pulls the magnets 3 and 4 into their starting position with its attractive magnetic force, thereby moving the bolt carrier forward and at the same time preventing the bolt carrier from rebounding from the barrel (the so-called "anti -bouncing effect").

[0131] Example 3

[0132] Fig. 3 shows the magnetic buffer system according to example 1 with the differences described below. The magnetic buffer system additionally includes an additional magnet 4 in contact with the magnet 3, a housing 5, a static stopper 10 and an adjustable sleeve 11.

[0133] The additional magnet 4 (e.g. comprising neodymium, with a magnetisation grade of N50 or N52 and a maximum operating temperature of up to 80 °C) has the opposite polarity to the magnet 3, which causes the magnetic field lines to be pushed to the sides, towards the buffer tube 1, thereby increasing the degree of magnetic interaction between the magnets 3, 4 and the nut 2, or the buffer tube 1. The magnets 3 and 4 are held together by a first locking screw 8, but other known methods of connecting two magnets with reversed polarity can also be used. The magnet 3 and the additional magnet 4 are firmly mounted in a cavity 13 of the housing 5 (e.g. made of aluminium alloy type EN AW-7075-T6 or titanium, or generally made of a mechanically resistant material that does not shield the magnetic field), which acts as a mechanical link between the magnet 3 and the bolt carrier for transferring the pressure force of the bolt carrier to the magnet 3, and at the same time for separating the magnets 3, 4 from the wall of the buffer tube 1, thereby slightly reducing the degree of magnetic interaction. Since the cavity 13 of the housing 5 is slightly higher than the sum of the heights of the magnets 3, 4, e.g. for possible replacement with magnets of other dimensions, the remaining space of the cavity 13 is filled with a spacer pad 12, which also serves to protect the magnets 3, 4 from impact with the cavity 13. The additional magnet 4 is further protected from the direction of the closed end IB by a protective pad 6 (e.g. an elastomer pad), which also serves as a seat for the compression spring 9.

[0134] The static stopper 10 made of a plastic (e.g. polyoxymethylene copolymer) or a conductive, nonferromagnetic material (e.g. copper) is arranged inside the buffer tube 1 at its closed end IB and inside the compression spring 9.

[0135] The adjustable sleeve 11 made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. aluminium) is arranged fixedly or slidably on the buffer tube 1 and outside the buffer tube 1 between the open and closed ends 1 A, IB.

[0136] In the first half of the cycle, the housing 5 with the magnet 3 and the additional magnet 4 is moved by the bolt carrier to the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1 after firing, while being braked by the resistance caused by compressing the compression spring 9 and the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1. In the initial phase of the first half of the cycle, the magnet 3 with the additional magnet 4 must overcome the attractive magnetic force between the magnets 3, 4 and the nut 2, which causes a significant deceleration of the magnets 3, 4 already at the beginning of the cycle. After the housing 5 hits the static stopper 10 at the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1, i.e. in the second half of the cycle, the compression spring 9 begins to move the housing 5 with the magnets 3, 4 towards the open end 1A of the buffer tube 1. In the second half of the cycle, the magnets 3, 4 are again braked by the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1. Braking is more intense in both directions of the movement of the magnets 3, 4 in those areas of the buffer tube 1 where the adjustable sleeve 11 is located. At the end of the second half of the cycle, the nut 2 pulls the housing with the magnets 3, 4 into its starting position with its attractive magnetic force, thereby moving the bolt carrier forward and at the same time preventing the bolt carrier from rebounding from the barrel (the so-called "anti -bouncing effect").

[0137] Example 4

[0138] Fig. 4 shows the magnetic buffer system according to Example 1 with the differences described below. The magnet 3 and an additional magnet 4 are firmly mounted in a cavity 13 of a housing 5, which acts as a mechanical connection between the magnet 3 and the bolt carrier, and at the same time separates the magnets 3 , 4 from the wall of the buffer tube 1 , thereby slightly reducing the degree of magnetic interaction, and also from the static stopper 10 when impacting the closed end IB. Since the cavity 13 of the housing 5 is slightly higher than the sum of the heights of the magnets 3, 4, e.g. for possible replacement with magnets of other dimensions, the remaining space of the cavity 13 is filled with a spacer pad 12, which also serves to protect the magnets 3, 4 from impact with the cavity 13. In this example, the fixed mounting of the magnets 3, 4 in the housing is sufficient to overcome the repulsive magnetic interaction between the magnets 3, 4.

[0139] Example 5

[0140] Fig. 5 shows the magnetic buffer system according to Example 1 with the differences described below. The magnetic buffer system additionally comprises a housing 5, a weight 15, a static stopper 10 with an additional magnet 4, an adjustable sleeve 11 and a foil 22.

[0141] The magnet 3 is firmly mounted in a cavity 13 of the housing 5 (made of the material according to Example 3), which acts as a mechanical connection between the magnet 3 and the bolt carrier, and also separates the magnet 3 from the wall of buffer tube 1, thereby slightly reducing the degree of magnetic interaction. Since the cavity 13 of the housing 5 is slightly higher than the height of the magnet 3 , e .g . for possible replacement with a magnet or magnets of other dimensions, the remaining space in the cavity 13 is filled with spacer pads 12, which also serve to protect the magnets 3, 4 from impact with the cavity 13. The magnet 3 together with the spacer pads 12 is held in place by a first locking screw 8, but other known methods of connecting the magnet and the spacer pad can also be assumed. The magnet 3, or the bottom spacer pad 12, is further protected from the direction of the closed end IB by a protective pad 6 (e.g. an elastomeric pad), which also serves as a seat for the compression spring 9.

[0142] The housing 5 also comprises at least one first additional ring-shaped cavity 14, in which the weight 15 made of a non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. tungsten) is arranged in a sliding manner. Spacer pads 12 may also be arranged in the first additional cavity 14. The weight 15 and the first additional cavity 14 may be ring-shaped with a fastening screw in the centre. However, there is an embodiment with multiple weights 15, where each weight 15 is arranged in a separate first additional cavity 14, with the first additional cavities 14 being symmetrically distributed in the housing 5, i.e. e.g. 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 first additional cavities 14 spaced apart and copying the inner circumference of the housing 5.

[0143] The static stopper 10 made of a plastic (e.g. polyoxymethylene copolymer) or a conductive, nonferromagnetic material (e.g. copper) is arranged inside the buffer tube 1 at its closed end IB and inside the compression spring 9. An additional magnet 4 (e.g. comprising neodymium, with a magnetisation grade of N50 or N52 and a maximum operating temperature of up to 80 °C) is arranged in a sliding manner in a cavity 21 of the static stopper 10. The additional magnet 4 is oriented so that an attractive magnetic force is created between it and the magnet 3. The cavity 21 is higher than the additional magnet 4 and comprises an adjustment mechanism 16 for the displacement of the additional magnet 4 in the remaining space below the additional magnet 4. The adjustment mechanism 16 is connected to the additional magnet 4 by means of a second locking screw 20 and comprises a height adjustment screw 17 with an internal thread on the static stopper 10, and in this adjustment screw 17 a latch mechanism with a latch spring 19 and a latch ball 18 (made of a nonferromagnetic metal) . The inner surface of the static stopper 10 is vertically grooved and the aforementioned internal thread is formed in the grooves. When the adjustment screw 17 is turned, the ball 18 jumps in the individual grooves.

[0144] The adjustable sleeve 11 made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. aluminium) is arranged fixedly or slidably on the buffer tube 1 and outside the buffer tube 1 between the open and closed ends 1 A, IB.

[0145] The foil 22 made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. copper) is arranged fixedly (e.g. by gluing) on the buffer tube 1 and outside the buffer tube 1 between the open and closed ends 1A, IB.

[0146] In the first half of the cycle, after firing, the housing 5 with the magnet 3 and the weight 15 is moved by the bolt carrier to the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1, whereby the magnet 3 is braked by the resistance caused by compressing the compression spring 9 and the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1. In the initial phase of the first half of the cycle, the magnet 3 must overcome the attractive magnetic force between the magnet 3 and the nut 2, which causes a significant deceleration of the magnet 3 at the beginning of the cycle. At the end of the first half of the cycle, the additional magnet 4 in the static stopper 10 pulls the housing with the magnet 3 to the lowest position with its attractive magnetic force, counteracting the force of the compressed compression spring 9. As a result, the force of the compression spring 9 is reduced by the attractive force of the magnets 3, 4 (e.g. the force of the compression spring of 50 N is reduced by the oppositely acting attractive magnetic force of 10 N to 40 N), so that the residual kinetic energy of the bolt carrier will be able to overcome the compression spring 9 with lower pressure to reach the lowest position. This assisted pulling of the magnet 3 to the lowest position is important when firing with a lower powder charge, where the magnet 3 does not reach the static stopper 10 (so-called short stroke). This phenomenon is undesirable because the firearm would not expose the breech in the rear position after firing the last cartridge, or the bolt carrier could start to return to the front position before it reaches the cartridge case in the magazine, and a new cartridge would not be fed into the chamber.

[0147] After the housing 5 hits the static stopper 10 at the closed end IB of the buffer tube, there is still an inertial shift of the weight 15 within the first additional cavity 14 of the housing 5 towards the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1, which distributes the pressure force of the impact of the housing 5 into the static stopper 10 over time.

[0148] In the second half of the cycle, the compression spring 9 begins to push the housing 5 with the magnet 3 and the weight 15 towards the open end 1A of the buffer tube 1. In the initial phase of the second half of the cycle, the magnet 3 must also overcome the attractive magnetic force between the magnet 3 and the additional magnet 4 in the static stopper 10, which causes a significant deceleration of the magnet 3 even in the middle of the cycle. In the second half of the cycle, the magnet 3 is again braked by the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1. Braking is more intense in both directions of the movement of the magnet 3 in those areas of the buffer tube 1 where the adjustable sleeve 11 and / or the foil 22 are located. At the end of the second half of the cycle, the nut 2 pulls the housing with the magnet 3 into its starting position with its attractive magnetic force, thereby moving the bolt carrier forward and at the same time preventing the bolt carrier from rebounding from the barrel (the so-called "anti-bouncing effect"). After the bolt carrier is moved by the housing 5 to its starting position in the open end 1A of the buffer tube 1, there is still an inertial movement of the weight 15 within the first additional cavity 14 of the housing 5 towards the open end 1A of the buffer tube 1, which distributes the impact pressure force of the housing 5 into the bolt carrier over time and also prevents the bolt carrier from rebounding from the barrel to an even greater extent.

[0149] Example 6

[0150] Fig. 6 shows the magnetic buffer system according to Example 1 with the differences described below. The magnetic buffer system additionally comprises an additional magnet 4 arranged next to the magnet 3, a housing 5, a static stopper 10 and a conical adjusting screw 25.

[0151] The additional magnet 4 (e.g. comprising neodymium, with a magnetisation grade of N50 or N52 and a maximum operating temperature of up to 80 °C) and the magnet 3 are arranged next to each other with an adjustable mutual distance and opposite poles facing each other for adjusting the distance of the magnet 3 and the additional magnet 4 from the buffer tube 1 and have the form of two inverted U-shaped horseshoes with their ends facing each other, creating an attractive magnetic force between the magnets 3, 4. The sides of the individual magnets 3, 4 adjacent to the open end 1 A have the opposite polarisation to the sides facing the closed end IB (see Detail 3 in Fig. 6). Thanks to this attractive magnetic interaction, the magnet 3 and the additional magnet 4 are firmly held in the cavity 13 of the housing 5 (e.g. made of the material according to Example 3), which acts as a mechanical link between the magnets 3, 4 and the bolt carrier for transferring the pressure force of the bolt carrier to the magnets 3, 4, and at the same time for separating the magnets 3, 4 from the wall of the buffer tube 1, thereby slightly reducing the degree of magnetic interaction. Between the magnets 3, 4, i.e. in the central opening created in the arrangement of two inverted horseshoes, the conical adjustment screw 25 is arranged for adjusting the mutual distance between the magnets 3, 4 (see Details 1 and 2 in Fig. 6). The cavity 13 of the housing 5 is slightly wider than the sum of the widths of the magnets 3 and 4 to allow for radial clearance of the magnets 3 and 4.

[0152] The static stopper 10 made of a plastic (e.g. polyoxymethylene copolymer) or a conductive, nonferromagnetic material (e.g. copper) is arranged inside the buffer tube 1 at its closed end IB and inside the compression spring 9.

[0153] In the first half of the cycle, the housing 5 with the magnet 3 and the additional magnet 4 is moved by the bolt carrier to the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1 after firing, while being braked by the resistance caused by compressing the compression spring 9 and the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1. In the initial phase of the first half of the cycle, the magnet 3 with the additional magnet 4 must overcome the attractive magnetic force between the magnets 3, 4 and the nut 2, which causes a significant deceleration of the magnets 3, 4 already at the beginning of the cycle. After the housing 5 hits the static stopper 10 at the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1, i.e. in the second half of the cycle, the compression spring 9 begins to move the housing 5 with the magnets 3, 4 towards the open end 1A of the buffer tube 1. In the second half of the cycle, the magnets 3 and 4 are again braked by the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1. At the end of the second half of the cycle, the nut 2 pulls the housing with the magnets 3, 4 into its starting position with its attractive magnetic force, thereby moving the bolt carrier forward and at the same time preventing the bolt carrier from rebounding from the barrel (the so-called "anti-bouncing effect").

[0154] Example 7

[0155] Fig. 7 shows the magnetic buffer system according to Example 1 with the differences described below. The magnetic buffer system additionally includes an additional magnet 4 arranged next to the magnet 3, a housing 5, a static stopper 10 and a centre guide rod 26.

[0156] The additional magnet 4 (e.g. comprising neodymium, with a magnetisation grade of N50 or N52 and a maximum operating temperature of up to 80 °C) and the magnet 3 are arranged next to each other with an adjustable mutual distance and opposite poles facing each other for adjusting the distance of the magnet 3 and the additional magnet 4 from the buffer tube 1 and have the form of two inverted U-shaped horseshoes with their ends facing each other, creating an attractive magnetic force between the magnets 3, 4. The sides of the individual magnets 3, 4 adjacent to the open end 1 A have the opposite polarisation to the sides facing the closed end IB (see Detail 3 in Fig. 7). The magnet 3 and the additional magnet 4 are slidably mounted in a cavity 13 of the housing 5 (e.g. made of a material according to Example 3), which functions as a mechanical link between the magnets 3, 4 and the bolt carrier for transferring the pressure force of the bolt carrier to the magnets 3, 4, and at the same time for separating the magnets 3, 4 from the wall of the buffer tube 1, thereby slightly reducing the degree of magnetic interaction.

[0157] The static stopper 10 made of a plastic (e.g. polyoxymethylene copolymer) or a conductive, nonferromagnetic material (e.g. copper) is arranged inside the buffer tube 1 at its closed end IB and inside the compression spring 9. The static stopper 10 further comprises the central guide rod 26 with a variable diameter increasing from the open end 1A to the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1, wherein the central guide rod 26 protrudes through the interior of the buffer tube 1 (and inside the compression spring 9) from the static stopper 10 at the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1 to the space of the housing 5 and the nut 2. In this case, the housing 5 is ring-shaped to allow insertion of the central guide rod 26. The central guide rod 26 is also inserted between the magnets 3, 4, i.e. into the central opening created in the arrangement of two inverted horseshoes, to adjust the mutual distance between the magnets 3, 4. The cavity 13 of the housing 5 is slightly wider than the sum of the widths of the magnets 3, 4 to allow for the radial clearance of the magnets 3, 4. The mutual distance between the magnets 3, 4 increases and then decreases as the magnets 3, 4 move towards the closed end IB and back, precisely according to the defined diameter of the central guide rod 26, whereby the closer magnets 3, 4 are slid onto a larger diameter of the central guide rod 26, the closer they are to the side wall of the buffer tube 1, and the greater the magnetic field of the buffer tube 1, with opposite polarity, acts on the magnets 3, 4 (see Details 1 and 2 in Fig. 7). The magnets 3, 4 can therefore be effectively and gradually braked throughout the entire path of the buffer tube 1, thereby achieving a feeling of optimisation of the "soft" damping cycle of the firearm. The central guide rod 26 can be positioned in the axis of the buffer tube 1 using an adjustment screw 27 in the static stopper 10, thereby changing the braking force curve.

[0158] In the first half of the cycle, the housing 5 with the magnet 3 and the additional magnet 4 is moved by the bolt carrier to the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1 after firing, while being braked by the resistance caused by compressing the compression spring 9 and the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1. In the initial phase of the first half of the cycle, the magnet 3 with the additional magnet 4 must overcome the attractive magnetic force between the magnets 3, 4 and nut 2, which causes a significant deceleration of the magnets 3, 4 already at the beginning of the cycle. As the magnets 3 and 4 move towards the closed end IB, they slide onto the centre guide rod 26 with an increasing diameter, so that their mutual distance gradually increases and, at the same time, the magnets 3 and 4 gradually approach the side wall of the buffer tube 1, so that the intensity of the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1 increases towards the closed end IB and brakes the movement of the housing 5 the more, the housing 5 is closer to the closed end IB. After the housing 5 hits the static stopper 10 at the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1, i.e. in the second half of the cycle, the compression spring 9 begins to move the housing 5 with the magnets 3, 4 towards the open end 1 A of the buffer tube 1. In the second half of the cycle, the magnets 3, 4 are again braked by the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1, with decreasing intensity as a result of the magnets 3, 4 being pushed out of the central guide rod 26 with decreasing diameter. At the end of the second half of the cycle, the nut 2 pulls the housing with the magnets 3, 4 into its starting position with its attractive magnetic force, thereby moving the bolt carrier forward and at the same time preventing the bolt carrier from rebounding from the barrel (the so-called "anti-bouncing effect").

[0159] Example 8

[0160] Fig. 8 shows the magnetic buffer system according to Example 1 with the differences described below. The magnetic buffer system additionally comprises a dynamic stopper 28 made of a plastic (e.g. polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM-C)). The dynamic stopper 28 is arranged slidably inside the buffer tube 1 between its open end 1A and closed end IB, attached to the magnet 3 by a countersunk nut 7 and inside a compression spring 9 to dampen the movement of the magnet 3 upon impact at the distal end of the buffer tube 1. A spacer 24 is also attached to the magnet 3 by a first locking screw 8, with the spacer 24 functioning as a mechanical connection between the magnet 3 and the bolt carrier and setting the initial position of the magnet 3 to the level of the nut 2. In the first half of the cycle, after firing, the spacer 24, the magnet 3 and the dynamic stopper 28 are moved by the bolt carrier to the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1, where they are slowed down by the resistance caused by compressing the compression spring 9 and the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1. In the initial phase of the first half of the cycle, the magnet 3 must overcome the attractive magnetic force between the magnet 3 and the nut 2, which causes a significant deceleration of the magnet 3 at the beginning of the cycle. After the dynamic stopper 28 hits the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1, i.e. in the second half of the cycle, the compression spring 9 begins to move the dynamic stopper 28, the magnet 3 and the spacer 24 towards the open end 1A of the buffer tube 1. In the second half of the cycle, the magnet 3 is again slowed down by the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1. At the end of the second half of the cycle, the nut 2 pulls the magnet 3 back to its starting position with its attractive magnetic force, thereby moving the bolt carrier forward and at the same time preventing the bolt carrier from rebounding from the barrel (the so-called "anti -bouncing effect").

[0161] Example 9

[0162] Fig. 9 shows the magnetic buffer system according to Example 1 with the differences described below. The magnetic buffer system additionally includes a dynamic stopper 28 made of a conductive, nonferromagnetic material (e.g. copper, aluminium, brass, duralumin, aluminium alloy type EN AW-7075-T6, etc.) and a weight 15. The dynamic stopper 28 is arranged slidably inside the buffer tube 1 between its open end 1A and closed end IB, in contact with the magnet (i.e. without a connecting means for easier assembly) and inside the compression spring 9 for damping the movement of the magnet 3 upon impact at the distal end of the buffer tube 1.

[0163] The dynamic stopper 28 also comprises a second additional cavity 29, in which at least one weight 15 made of a non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. non-magnetic steel or tungsten) is slidably arranged. The second additional cavity 29 is defined by a body 30 of the dynamic stopper 28. Spacer pads 12 may also be arranged in the second additional cavity 29, even between the individual weights 15. There is also an embodiment with multiple weights 15, where each weight 15 is arranged in a separate second additional cavity 29, with the second additional cavities 29 being symmetrically distributed in the dynamic stopper 28, i.e. e.g. 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 second additional cavities 29 spaced apart and copying the inner circumference of the dynamic stopper 28. The dynamic stopper 28 includes an elastomeric tip 31 for better shock absorption, fixed to the body 30 of the dynamic stopper 28 by means of a spring-loaded cotter pin 34.

[0164] In the first half of the cycle, the magnet 3 and the dynamic stopper 28 (and optionally also the spacer 24, see example 11 below) are moved by the bolt carrier to the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1 after firing, while being braked by the resistance caused by compressing the compression spring 9 and the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1. In the initial phase of the first half of the cycle, the magnet 3 must overcome the attractive magnetic force between the magnet 3 and the nut 2, which causes a significant deceleration of the magnet 3 at the beginning of the cycle. After the dynamic stopper 28 hits the closed end IB of the buffer tube, there is still an inertial shift of the weight 15 within the second additional cavity 29 towards the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1, which distributes the pressure force of the impact of the dynamic stopper 28 over time.

[0165] In the second half of the cycle, the compression spring 9 begins to move the dynamic stopper 28 and the magnet 3 (and optionally also the spacer 24, see example 11 below) towards the open end 1 A of the buffer tube 1. In the second half of the cycle, the magnet 3 is again braked by the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1. At the end of the second half of the cycle, the nut 2 pulls the magnet 3 into its starting position with its attractive magnetic force, thereby moving the bolt carrier forward and at the same time preventing the bolt carrier from rebounding from the barrel (the so-called "anti -bouncing effect").

[0166] After the bolt carrier is moved by the magnet 3 to its starting position in the open end 1 A of the buffer tube 1, there is still an inertial shift of the weight 15 within the second additional cavity 29 towards the open end 1A of the buffer tube 1, which distributes the impact force of the magnet 3 on the bolt carrier over time and also prevents the bolt carrier from rebounding from the barrel to an even greater extent.

[0167] Example 10

[0168] Fig. 10 shows the magnetic buffer system according to Example 9 with the differences described below. The dynamic stopper 28 is attached to the magnet 3 with the first securing screw 8 for a more secure connection.

[0169] Example 11

[0170] Fig. 11 shows the magnetic buffer system according to Example 9 with the differences described below. The dynamic stopper 28 is attached to the magnet 3 with a countersunk nut 7 for a more secure connection. A spacer 24 is also attached to the magnet 3 with the first locking screw 8, whereby the spacer 24 acts as a mechanical connection between the magnet 3 and the bolt carrier and sets the initial position of the magnet 3 to the level of the nut 2. The second additional cavity 29 and the body 30 of the dynamic stopper 28 are then shorter by the height of the spacer 24.

[0171] Example 12

[0172] Fig. 12 shows a magnetic buffer system comprising a buffer tube 1 with an open (proximal) end 1A and a closed (distal) end IB, a magnet 3, a compression spring 9 and a ring 2A. The buffer tube 1 comprises an external threaded part 23 running from the open end 1A for connection to a frame of a firearm, and in particular for contact with the bolt carrier or dynamic breech. The buffer tube 1 is made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. copper, aluminium, zinc, duralumin, brass or aluminium alloys such as EN AW-7075-T6 or EN AW-6061-T6 used in AR-15 rifle platforms, see Fig. 15). The ring 2A made of a magnetic material (e.g. magnetic steel) is arranged on the outer circumference of the buffer tube 1 (behind the threaded part 23 of the buffer tube), where it is held in place by a flange 32 of the buffer tube 1 in an opening in a fixed stock 33. This hole has a first diameter corresponding to the diameter of the ring 2A in the area where the ring 2A is located and a second diameter corresponding to the diameter of the buffer tube 1 beyond the area where the ring 2A is located, the first diameter being larger than the second diameter. The diameter of the buffer tube 1 at the flange 32 may have a third diameter that is smaller than the first diameter (to maintain a certain amount of clearance when inserting the buffer tube 1 into the hole in the stock 33) and larger than the second diameter (to hold the ring 2A). The magnet 3 is slidably arranged inside the buffer tube 1 between the open and closed ends 1A, IB and, and the compression spring 9 made of a magnetic material (e.g. cryogenic steel type 17-7 ph / 950 RH, stainless steel type 17-7 PH, chromiumsilicon steel, spring steel type ASTM A228) is arranged inside the buffer tube 1 and fixed between the closed end IB and the magnet 3. The magnet 3 may comprise neodymium with a magnetisation grade of N48, N50 or N52 and a maximum operating temperature of up to 80 °C or higher, e.g. 100 °C, 120 °C, 150 °C, etc., e.g. with the designation N48, N50, N52, N48M, N50M, N52M, N48H, N50H, N52H, N48SH, N50SH or N52SH. A permanent magnetic interaction occurs between the magnet 3 and the ring 2 A when the magnet 3 is located near the ring 2A. A temporary magnetic interaction based on Lenz's law and eddy currents occurs between the magnet 3 and the buffer tube 1 when the magnet 3 moves in the buffer tube 1.

[0173] In the first half of the cycle, after firing, the magnet 3 is moved by the bolt carrier to the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1, where it is slowed down by the resistance caused by compressing the compression spring 9 and the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1. In the initial phase of the first half of the cycle, the magnet 3 must overcome the attractive magnetic force between the magnet 3 and the ring 2 A, which causes a significant deceleration of the magnet 3 at the beginning of the cycle. After the magnet 3 has moved to the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1, e.g. the magnet 3 is stopped by such a degree of preload of the compression spring 9 that there is no impact on the closed end IB, i.e. in the second half of the cycle, the compression spring 9 begins to move the magnet 3 towards the open end 1 A of the buffer tube 1. In the second half of the cycle, the magnet 3 is again braked by the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1. At the end of the second half of the cycle, the ring 2A pulls the magnet 3 back to its starting position with its attractive magnetic force, thereby moving the bolt carrier forward and at the same time preventing the bolt carrier from rebounding from the barrel (the so-called "anti-bouncing effect").

[0174] This cycle can also be characterised by a dependence of the thrust force exerted by the spring and the magnet in magnetic interaction with the ring 2A at a distance in the buffer tube from the open end (see Fig. 14), where the following are visible (in the direction of movement of the magnet 3 from the open end 1A to the closed end IB, in the first half of the cycle):

[0175] • a first sharp maximum thrust force on the left at the minimum distance of the magnet 3 from the ring 2A and the open end 1A of the buffer tube 1, caused by the need to overcome the magnetic interaction when the magnet 3 is set in motion as a result of the movement of the bolt carrier backwards during firing;

[0176] • a gradual increase in thrust force during the movement of the magnet 3 towards the closed end IB of the buffer tube, caused by the gradual compression of the compression spring 9; and • a second maximum thrust force on the right at the maximum distance of the magnet 3 from the open end 1A of the buffer tube 1, caused by the maximum compression of the compression spring 9.

[0177] The magnetic buffer system according to Example 12 can be combined with any feature according to the first aspect of this invention, and in particular with any of examples 2 to 11, with the difference that the ring 2A is arranged behind the threaded part 23 of the buffer tube 1 towards its distal end IB, not on the threaded part as the nut 2.

[0178] If an adjustable sleeve 11 made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. aluminium) is present according to examples 2, 3 or 5, it is arranged fixedly or slidably on the stock and outside the buffer tube 1 between the open and closed ends 1A, IB.

[0179] If a foil 22 made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. copper) is present according to example 5, it is arranged fixedly (e.g. by gluing) on the buffer tube 1 or on the stock and outside the buffer tube 1 between the open and closed ends 1A, IB.

[0180] Example 13

[0181] Fig. 13 shows a magnetic buffer system comprising a firearm frame 51, a bolt carrier 52, a magnet 53, a guide rod 54, a compression spring 55, a static stopper 56 and a cocking lever 57. The firearm frame 51 is made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. copper, aluminium, zinc, duralumin, brass or aluminium alloys such as EN AW-7075-T6 or EN AW-6061-T6 used in CZ Bren-2 rifle platforms, see Fig. 16). The bolt carrier 52 is linearly slidable in the firearm frame 51 along the guide rod 54, has a proximal end 52A and a distal end 52B, and comprises at least one magnet 53 fixedly arranged between these ends 52A, 52B to dampen the movement of the bolt carrier 52. The proximal end 54A of the guide rod 54 is insertable into the bolt carrier 52. The compression spring 55 made of a magnetic material (e.g., cryogenic steel type 17-7 ph / 950 RH, stainless steel type 17-7 PH, chromium-silicon steel, spring steel type ASTM A228) is arranged outside the guide rod 54 and fixed between the distal end 52B of the bolt carrier 52 and the static stopper 56 to dampen the movement of the bolt carrier 52. The static stopper 56 made of a plastic (e.g. silicone) or a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. copper, aluminium, brass, duralumin, aluminium alloy type EN AW-7075-T6, etc.) is arranged at the distal end 54B of the guide rod 54.

[0182] The cocking lever 57 can be attached to the firearm frame 51 by means of a handle and includes a guide element 58 of the cocking lever 57 made of a magnetic material (e.g. magnetic steel) for additional damping of the movement of the magnets 53. The bolt carrier 52 is linearly slidable relative to the guide element 58 of the cocking lever 57.

[0183] The magnetic buffer system may comprise multiple magnets 53, which may be arranged in a Halbach array with mutual orthogonal polarity so that the resulting magnetic field is deformed as it protrudes into the space of the firearm frame 51 and the guide element 58 of the cocking lever (i.e. when the firearm is held by the shooter pointing upwards, in Fig. 12, above the magnets 53).

[0184] The magnet 53 may comprise neodymium with a magnetisation grade ofN48, N50 or N52 and a maximum operating temperature of up to 80 °C or higher, e.g. 100 °C, 120 °C, 150 °C, etc., e.g. with the designation N48, N50, N52, N48M, N50M, N52M, N48H, N50H, N52H, N48SH, N50SH or N52SH. A permanent magnetic interaction acts between the magnet 53 and the guide element 58 of the cocking lever when the magnet 53 is located near the guide element 58. A temporary magnetic interaction based on Lenz's law and eddy currents acts between the magnet 53 and the firearm frame 51 when the magnet 53 moves relative to the firearm frame 51.

[0185] In the first half of the cycle, the bolt carrier 52, together with the magnet 53, is moved along the guide rod

[0186] 54 to its distal end 54B after firing, while being slowed down by the resistance caused by compressing the compression spring 55 and the magnetic field of eddy currents in the firearm frame 51. In the initial phase of the first half of the cycle, the magnet 53 must overcome the attractive magnetic force between the magnet 53 and the guide element 58 of the cocking lever 57, which causes a significant deceleration of the magnet 53 at the beginning of the cycle. After the carrier 52 of the bolt with the magnet 53 hits the static stopper 56 at the distal end 54B of the guide rod 54, i.e. in the second half of the cycle, the compression spring 55 begins to move the carrier 52 of the bolt with the magnet 53 towards the proximal end 54A of the guide rod 54. In the second half of the cycle, the magnet 53 is again braked by the magnetic field of eddy currents in the firearm frame 51. At the end of the second half of the cycle, the guide element 58 pulls the magnet 53 back to its starting position with its attractive magnetic force, thereby moving the bolt carrier 52 forward and at the same time preventing the bolt carrier 52 from rebounding from the barrel (the so-called "antibouncing effect").

[0187] This cycle can also be characterised by a dependence of the thrust force exerted by the compression spring

[0188] 55 and the magnet 53 in magnetic interaction with the guide element 58 of the cocking lever 57, at a distance of the proximal end 52A of the bolt carrier 52 from the proximal end 54A of the guide rod 54 (see Fig. 14), where the following are visible (in the direction of movement of the bolt carrier 52 from the proximal end 54A to the distal end 54B of the guide rod, in the first half of the cycle):

[0189] • a first sharp maximum thrust force on the left at the minimum distance of the magnet 53 from the guide element 58 and the proximal end 52A of the carrier 52 of the bolt from the proximal end 54A of the guide rod 54, caused by the need to overcome the magnetic interaction when the magnet 53 is set in motion as a result of the backward movement of the bolt carrier 52 during firing;

[0190] • a gradual increase in the thrust force during the movement of the magnet 53 and the bolt carrier 52 towards the distal end 54B of the guide rod 54, caused by the gradual compression of the compression spring 55; and • a second maximum thrust force on the right at the maximum distance of the magnet 53 from the guide element 58 and the proximal end 52A of the bolt carrier 52 from the proximal end 54A of the guide rod 54, caused by maximum compression of the compression spring 55 and impact with the static stopper 56.

[0191] Example 14

[0192] Fig. 17 shows the magnetic buffer system according to Example 1 with the differences described below. The magnetic buffer system additionally comprises a housing 5, a weight 15, pole pieces 35 and a static stopper 10 with a weight 15.

[0193] The magnet 3 is firmly mounted in a cavity 13 of the housing 5 (made of the material according to Example 3), which acts as a mechanical connection between the magnet 3 and the bolt carrier, and at the same time separates the magnet 3 from the wall of the buffer tube 1, thereby slightly reducing the degree of magnetic interaction. The cavity 13 of the housing 5 is slightly higher than the height of the magnet 3, e.g. for possible replacement with a magnet or magnets of other dimensions, and the remaining space of the cavity 13 is filled with the pole pieces 35, which are arranged above and below the magnet 3 in the axial direction and their width is the same as the width of the housing 5, i.e. they are in direct contact with the wall of the buffer tube 1. These pole pieces 35 serve to locally concentrate the magnetic flux and to narrow the cross-section of the area where the magnetic flux passes through the air gap, which leads to more intense induction of eddy currents in the relevant part of the buffer tube 1 and to a higher braking force. The magnet 3 together with the pole pieces 35 is held in place by the first locking screw 8, but other known methods of connecting the magnet and the pole piece can also be assumed. Similarly, the pole piece 35 can be arranged in direct contact with the magnet 3 (increased local magnetic induction in the wall of the buffer tube 1 , higher braking effect) or at a distance from the magnet 3 (reduced local magnetic induction in the wall of the buffer tube 1 due to the air gap, lower braking effect). The pole pieces 35 can be made of a ferromagnetic (e.g. steel) or non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. aluminium), or there can be a combination of one pole piece 35 made of a ferromagnetic material and one pole piece 35 made of a non-ferromagnetic material. The magnet 3, or the lowest pole piece 35, is further protected from the direction of the closed end IB by a protective pad 6 (e.g. an elastomeric pad), which also serves as a seat for a compression spring 9.

[0194] The housing 5 also comprises at least one first additional ring-shaped cavity 14, in which a weight 15 made of a non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. tungsten) is arranged in a sliding manner. The first additional cavity 14 also comprises spacer pads 12, which also serve to protect the weight 15 from impact with the first additional cavity 14. The weight 15 and the first additional cavity 14 may be ring-shaped with a fastening screw 8 in the centre. However, there is an embodiment with multiple weights 15, where each weight 15 is arranged in a separate first additional cavity 14, with the first additional cavities 14 being symmetrically distributed in the housing 5, i.e. e.g. 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 first additional cavities 14 spaced apart and copying the inner circumference of the housing 5. A static stopper 10 made of a plastic (e.g. polyoxymethylene copolymer) or a conductive, nonferromagnetic material (e.g. copper or alloy 1) is arranged inside the buffer tube 1 at its closed end IB and inside the compression spring 9. A weight 15 is slidably arranged in a cavity 21 of the static stopper 10. The cavity 21 is higher than the weight 15 and comprises a spacer pad 12 in the remaining space below the weight 15 to protect the weight 15.

[0195] The static stopper 10 comprises an elastomeric tip 31 from the direction of the open end 1A for better shock absorption of the housing 5 with the magnet 3, wherein the elastomeric tip 31 is fixed to the static stopper 10 by means of a spring-loaded cotter pin 34.

[0196] In the first half of the cycle, the housing 5 with the magnet 3, the pole pieces 35 and the weight 15, is moved by the bolt carrier to the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1 after firing, whereby the magnet 3 is braked by the resistance caused by compressing the compression spring 9 and the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1. In the initial phase of the first half of the cycle, the magnet 3 with the pole pieces 35 must overcome the attractive magnetic force between the magnet 3 and the nut 2, which causes a significant deceleration of the magnet 3 already at the beginning of the cycle.

[0197] After the housing 5 hits the static stopper 10 at the closed end IB of the buffer tube, there is still an inertial shift of the weight 15 within the first additional cavity 14 of the housing 5 and also of the weight 15 within the cavity 21 of the static stopper 10 towards the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1, which distributes the impact pressure force of the housing 5 into the static stopper 10 over time.

[0198] In the second half of the cycle, the compression spring 9 begins to move the housing 5 with the magnet 3, the pole pieces 35 and the weights 15 towards the open end 1A of the buffer tube 1. In the second half of the cycle, the magnet 3 is again braked by the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1. At the end of the second half of the cycle, the nut 2 pulls the housing with the magnet 3 and the pole pieces 35 to its starting position with its attractive magnetic force, thereby moving the bolt carrier forward and at the same time preventing the bolt carrier from rebounding from the barrel (the so-called "anti-bouncing effect").

[0199] After the bolt carrier is moved by the housing 5 to its starting position in the open end 1 A of the buffer tube 1, there is still an inertial shift of the weight 15 within the first additional cavity 14 of the housing 5 towards the open end 1A of the buffer tube 1, which distributes the impact pressure force of the housing 5 into the bolt carrier over time and also prevents the bolt carrier from rebounding from the barrel to an even greater extent.

[0200] Example 15

[0201] Fig. 18 shows the magnetic buffer system according to Example 1 with the differences described below. The magnetic buffer system additionally comprises a housing 5, a weight 15, pole pieces 35 and a dynamic stopper 28 with a weight 15. The magnet 3 is firmly mounted in a cavity 13 of the housing 5 (made of the material according to example 3), which acts as a mechanical connection between the magnet 3 and the bolt carrier, and at the same time separates the magnet 3 from the wall of the buffer tube 1, thereby slightly reducing the degree of magnetic interaction. The cavity 13 of the housing 5 is slightly higher than the height of the magnet 3, e.g. for possible replacement with a magnet or magnets of other dimensions, and the remaining space of the cavity 13 is filled with the pole pieces 35, which are arranged above and below the magnet 3 in the axial direction and their width is the same as the width of the housing 5, i.e. they are in direct contact with the wall of the buffer tube 1. These pole pieces 35 serve to locally concentrate the magnetic flux and to narrow the cross-section of the area where the magnetic flux passes through the air gap, which leads to more intense induction of eddy currents in the relevant part of the buffer tube 1 and to higher braking force. The magnet 3 together with the pole pieces 35 is held in place by a first locking screw 8, but other known methods of connecting the magnet and the pole piece can also be assumed. Similarly, the pole piece 35 can be arranged in direct contact with the magnet 3 (increased local magnetic induction in the wall of the buffer tube 1 , higher braking effect) or at a distance from the magnet 3 (reduced local magnetic induction in the wall of the buffer tube 1 due to the air gap, lower braking effect). The pole pieces 35 can be made of a ferromagnetic (e.g. steel) or non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. aluminium), or there can be a combination of one pole piece 35 made of a ferromagnetic material and one pole piece 35 made of a non-ferromagnetic material. The magnet 3, or the lowest pole piece 35, is further protected from the direction of the closed end IB by a protective pad 6, which also serves as a seat for a compression spring 9.

[0202] The housing 5 also comprises at least one first additional ring-shaped cavity 14, in which the weight 15 made of a non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. tungsten) is arranged in a sliding manner. The first additional cavity 14 also comprises spacer pads 12, which also serve to protect the weight 15 from impact with the first additional cavity 14. The weight 15 and the first additional cavity 14 may be ring-shaped with a fastening screw 8 in the centre. However, there is an embodiment with multiple weights 15, where each weight 15 is arranged in a separate first additional cavity 14, with the first additional cavities 14 being symmetrically distributed in the housing 5, i.e. e.g. 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 first additional cavities 14 distributed at a distance and copying the inner circumference of the housing 5.

[0203] The dynamic stopper 28 made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. copper, aluminium, brass, duralumin, aluminium alloy type EN AW-7075-T6, etc.) is arranged slidably inside the buffer tube 1 between its open end 1A and closed end IB, in contact with the housing 5 of the magnet 3 (or with the protective pad 6) and inside the compression spring 9 for damping the movement of the magnet 3 upon impact at the distal end of the buffer tube 1.

[0204] The dynamic stopper 28 also comprises a second additional cavity 29, in which at least one weight 15 made of a non-ferromagnetic material (e.g. non-magnetic steel or tungsten) is slidably arranged. The second additional cavity 29 is defined by a body 30 of the dynamic stopper 28. Spacer pads 12 may also be arranged in the second additional cavity 29, even between the individual weights 15. There is also an embodiment with multiple weights 15, where each weight 15 is arranged in a separate second additional cavity 29, with the second additional cavities 29 being symmetrically distributed in the dynamic stopper 28, i.e. e.g. 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 second additional cavities 29 distributed at a distance and copying the inner circumference of the dynamic stopper 28. The dynamic stopper 28 comprises an elastomer tip 31 for better shock absorption, fixed to the body 30 of the dynamic stopper 28 by means of a spring-loaded cotter pin 34.

[0205] In the first half of the cycle, after firing, the magnet 3 and the dynamic stopper 28 are moved by the bolt carrier to the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1, where they are slowed down by the resistance caused by compressing the compression spring 9 and the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1. In the initial phase of the first half of the cycle, the magnet 3 with the pole pieces 35 must overcome the attractive magnetic force between the magnet 3 and the nut 2, which causes a significant deceleration of the magnet 3 at the beginning of the cycle.

[0206] After the dynamic stopper 28 hits the closed end IB of the buffer tube, there is still an inertial shift of the weight 15 within the second additional cavity 29 towards the closed end IB of the buffer tube 1, which distributes the pressure force of the impact of the dynamic stopper 28 over time.

[0207] In the second half of the cycle, the compression spring 9 begins to move the dynamic stopper 28 and the magnet 3 with the pole pieces 35 towards the open end 1A of the buffer tube 1. In the second half of the cycle, the magnet 3 is again braked by the magnetic field of eddy currents in the buffer tube 1. At the end of the second half of the cycle, the nut 2 attracts the magnet 3 with the pole pieces 35 to its starting position with its magnetic force, thereby moving the bolt carrier forward and at the same time preventing the bolt carrier from rebounding from the barrel (the so-called "anti-bouncing effect").

[0208] After the bolt carrier is moved by the magnet 3 to its starting position in the open end 1 A of the buffer tube 1, there is still an inertial movement of the weight 15 within the second additional cavity 29 towards the open end 1 A of the buffer tube 1 , which distributes the impact force of the magnet 3 on the bolt carrier over time and also prevents the bolt carrier from rebounding from the barrel to an even greater extent.

[0209] Example 16

[0210] Fig. 19 shows a time response behaviour of the stock of a BCM AR-15 rifle with a barrel length of 11.5" when fired. The vertical axis shows a position of the stock relative to its initial position in millimetres, and the horizontal axis shows time in seconds.

[0211] The blue curve represents the behaviour of the firearm in its basic factory settings, where the bolt carrier is fitted with a standard Hl carbine buffer weighing approximately 109 g, supplied by the manufacturer for this firearm configuration (curve marked "Hl BUFFER"). The red curve represents the behaviour of the same firearm, in which the standard buffer has been replaced by the buffer system according to Example 5 and Fig. 5, based on magnetic damping (curve marked "INVENTION"). In the configuration with the standard Hl buffer (blue curve), a sudden jump of the stock towards the shooter's shoulder is noticeable at approximately 0.032 s, corresponding to the impact of the buffer element on the closed end of the buffer tube (Fig. 19 shows a sudden drop in the y-axis at approximately 0.032 s). At approximately 0.07 s, there is a sharp shift of the stock in the opposite direction, corresponding to the impact of the bolt carrier assembly and the buffer element in the forward position (Fig. 19 shows a V- shaped minimum of the curve at approximately 0.07 s). These sudden changes in the velocity and acceleration of the stock manifest themselves as significant recoil when firing.

[0212] In contrast, in the configuration with the buffer system according to Example 5 and Fig. 5 (red curve), the shift of the stock towards the shooter's shoulder is significantly smoother over time, with an approximately linear course without any noticeable sudden changes. At approximately 0.093 s, when the bolt carrier assembly with the buffer system reaches its forward position, the stock moves forward only to a significantly lesser extent than with a standard buffer element (in Fig. 19, a minimum V-shaped curve is visible at approximately 0.093 s).

[0213] This graphical comparison shows that the use of the magnetic recoil buffer system according to this invention leads to a significant damping in the amplitude and steepness of the stock recoil both when the assembly hits the rear position at the closed end of the buffer tube and when it returns to the forward position at the open end of the buffer tube, which manifests itself during firing as a smoother and less jerky movement of the firearm in the shooter's shoulder.

[0214] Example 17

[0215] Fig. 20 and 21 show a behaviour of a BCM AR- 15 rifle with an 11.5" barrel. The firearm was measured in two configurations:

[0216] • configuration with a standard Hl carbine buffer weighing approximately 109 g, supplied by the manufacturer (curve marked "Hl BUFFER"); and

[0217] • a configuration with the magnetic buffer system according to Example 5 and Fig. 5, using magnetic recoil damping (curve labelled "INVENTION").

[0218] Fig. 20 shows a relative displacement of the bolt carrier group (BCG) relative to the firearm frame as a function of time. The vertical axis shows a displacement in millimetres, and the horizontal axis shows time in seconds.

[0219] In the configuration with a standard Hl buffer (curve labelled "Hl BUFFER"), a steep backward movement of the bolt carrier is evident. At approximately 0.03 s, the bolt carrier group and buffer element reach their bottom dead centre, which corresponds to the buffer hitting the closed end of the buffer tube (in Fig. 20, a V-shaped minimum of the curve is visible at approximately 0.03 s). This is followed by a rebound from the closed end and the movement of the assembly back to the front position towards the open end of the buffer tube, with part of the energy coming from the elastic deformation upon impact and part from the energy stored in the compression spring. The return to the front is again relatively steep.

[0220] The "INVENTION" curve represents the behaviour of the same firearm, in which the standard buffer element has been replaced by the magnetic buffer system according to Example 5 and Fig. 5. The curve shows a gradual deceleration of the bolt carrier and the buffer element during backward movement, caused by the braking effect of eddy currents and the conversion of part of the kinetic energy into heat in the wall of the buffer tube. As a result, the bolt carrier and the buffer element reaches the bottom dead centre at a lower speed (in Fig. 20, a minimum of the V-shaped curve is visible at approximately 0.04 s).

[0221] Thanks to its design, the magnetic buffer system according to this invention allows the use of a lighter moving mass, which moves more slowly just before impact than the heavier assembly with a standard Hl buffer element. When impacting the closed end of the buffer tube (or the static stopper), significantly less energy is transferred to the firearm (and thus to the shooter's shoulder), as a large part of it has been continuously dissipated throughout the entire stroke towards the bottom dead centre.

[0222] Fig. 21 shows a velocity of the bolt carrier as a function of time. The vertical axis shows velocity in m / s, while the horizontal axis again shows time in seconds.

[0223] In the configuration with the standard Hl buffer, sharp changes in velocity can be seen - steep jumps upon impact with the closed end of the buffer tube and upon subsequent impact in the forward position (in Fig. 21, at approximately 0.01 s, 0.03 s and 0.07 s). These sudden changes in velocity correspond to the recoil that the shooter clearly feels when firing.

[0224] In contrast, in the configuration with the magnetic buffer system according to Example 5 and Fig. 5, the velocity of the bolt carrier and the buffer element is lower throughout the cycle and its changes are smoother (in Fig. 21, at approximately 0.01 s, 0.04 s and 0.09 s). Upon the buffer element reaches the bottom dead centre, it is apparent that there is no significant "rebound" of the assembly after impact, and the speed is also lower during the subsequent forward movement. This is because the braking effect of the eddy currents continues to act even when returning to the forward position, and part of the energy stored in the compression spring is again converted into heat.

[0225] The combination of Fig. 20 and 21 shows that the magnetic buffer system according to this invention significantly reduces the maximum speeds and shock changes in the movement of the bolt carrier, resulting in smoother, less recoil behaviour of the firearm and lower recoil transfer to the shooter.

[0226] Industrial applicability

[0227] The magnetic recoil buffer system described above can be used to dampen recoil of firearms, such as rifles based on the AR- 15, AR- 10 or AR-9 platforms, or the CZ Bren-2, FN SCAR or ACR platforms. List of reference

[0228] 1 buffer tube

[0229] 1 A open end of the buffer tube 1

[0230] IB closed end of the buffer tube 1

[0231] 2 nut

[0232] 2A ring

[0233] 3 magnet

[0234] 4 additional magnet

[0235] 5 housing

[0236] 6 protective pad

[0237] 7 countersunk nut

[0238] 8 first locking screw

[0239] 9 compression spring

[0240] 10 static stopper

[0241] 11 adjustable sleeve

[0242] 12 spacer pad

[0243] 13 cavity of the housing 5

[0244] 14 first additional cavity of the housing 5

[0245] 15 weight

[0246] 16 adjustment mechanism for the displacement of the additional magnet 4 in the static stopper 10

[0247] 17 adjustment screw for the adjustment mechanism 16

[0248] 18 latch ball

[0249] 19 latch spring

[0250] 20 second locking screw

[0251] 21 cavity of the static stopper 10

[0252] 22 foil

[0253] 23 external threaded part of the buffer tube 1

[0254] 24 spacer

[0255] 25 conical adjustment screw

[0256] 26 centre guide rod

[0257] 27 adjustment screw for the centre guide rod 26

[0258] 28 dynamic stopper

[0259] 29 second additional cavity of the dynamic stopper 28

[0260] 30 body of the dynamic stopper 28

[0261] 31 elastomer tip of the dynamic stopper 28

[0262] 32 flange of the buffer tube 1 33 fixed stock

[0263] 34 spring-loaded cotter pin

[0264] 35 pole piece

[0265] 51 firearm frame 52 bolt carrier

[0266] 52A proximal end of the bolt carrier 52

[0267] 52B distal end of the bolt carrier 52

[0268] 53 magnet

[0269] 54 guide rod 54A proximal end of the guide rod 54

[0270] 54B distal end of the guide rod 54

[0271] 55 compression spring

[0272] 56 static stopper

[0273] 57 cocking lever 58 guide element of the cocking lever 57

Claims

CLAIMS1. A magnetic recoil buffer system for a firearm, comprising: a. a buffer tube (1) made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material, wherein the buffer tube (1) has a closed end (IB); b. a magnet (3) slidably arranged inside the buffer tube (1) to generate eddy currents in the buffer tube (1) when the magnet (3) moves inside the buffer tube (1) and for damping the movement of a bolt and a bolt carrier of the firearm or for damping the movement of a dynamic breech of the firearm; and c. a compression spring (9) arranged inside the buffer tube (1) and fixed between the closed end (IB) and the magnet (3) to dampen the movement of the magnet (3); characterised in that the buffer tube (1) has an open end (1A), wherein the buffer tube (1) includes an external threaded portion (23) extending from the open end (1A) and is connectable to a firearm frame by means of the external threaded portion (23) with its open end (1A), wherein the magnet (3) is slidably arranged inside the buffer tube (1) between the open and closed ends (1A, IB), and in that it further comprises: d. a ring (2A) made of a magnetic material for additional damping of the movement of the magnet (3) and for magnetic locking of the bolt and the bolt carrier or the dynamic breech of the firearm, wherein the ring (2A) is arranged on the outer circumference of the buffer tube (1).

2. The magnetic recoil buffer system according to claim 1, characterised in that the ring made of a magnetic material is a nut (2) arranged on the external threaded part (23) of the buffer tube (1).

3. The magnetic recoil buffer system according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that it further comprises at least one additional magnet (4) which is arranged in contact with the magnet (3) inside the buffer tube (1) and is slidable together with the magnet (3) between the open and closed ends (1A, IB) for damping the movement of the bolt carrier of the firearm.

4. The magnetic recoil buffer system according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the magnet (3) is fixedly or slidably arranged in a cavity (13) of a housing (5) made of a conductive, nonferromagnetic material to protect the magnet (3) and create a distance between the magnet (3) and the wall and the open end (1A) of the buffer tube (1).

5. The magnetic recoil buffer system according to claim 4, characterised in that the housing (5) comprises a first additional cavity (14) and a weight (15) arranged therein, wherein the first additional cavity (14) of the housing (5) is higher than the weight (15) to allow axial movement of the weight6. The magnetic recoil buffer system according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that a magnet (3) and an additional magnet (4) are arranged side by side in the cavity ( 13) of the housing (5) with an adjustable mutual distance for adjusting the distance between the magnet (3) and the additional magnet (4) from the buffer tube (1).

7. The magnetic recoil buffer system according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that it further comprises a static stopper (10) made of a plastic or a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material, wherein the static stopper (10) is arranged inside the buffer tube (1) at its closed end (IB) and inside or outside the compression spring (9) for damping the movement of the magnet (3).

8. The magnetic recoil buffer system according to claim 7, characterised in that the static stopper (10) comprises a central guide rod (26) with a variable diameter increasing from the open end (1A) to the closed end (IB) of the buffer tube (1), wherein the central guide rod (26) protrudes through the interior of the buffer tube (1) away from the static stopper (10) at the closed end (IB) of the buffer tube (1).

9. The magnetic recoil buffer system according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that an additional magnet (4) is arranged in a fixed or sliding manner in the static stopper (10).

10. The magnetic recoil buffer system according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that it further comprises a dynamic stopper (28) made of a plastic or a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material, wherein the dynamic stopper (28) is slidably arranged inside the buffer tube (1) between its open end (1A) and closed end (IB), in contact with the magnet (3) or attached to the magnet (3), and inside the compression spring (9) for damping the movement of the magnet (3).

11. The magnetic recoil buffer system according to claim 10, characterised in that the dynamic stopper (28) includes a second additional cavity (29) and a weight (15) arranged therein, wherein the second additional cavity (29) of the dynamic stopper (28) is higher than the weight (15) to allow axial movement of the weight (15).

12. The magnetic recoil buffer system according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that it further comprises an adjustable sleeve (11) or a foil (22) made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material, wherein the adjustable sleeve (11) is arranged fixedly or slidably on the buffer tube (1) and outside the buffer tube (1) between the open and closed ends (1A, IB), wherein the foil (22) is arranged fixedly on the buffer tube (1) and outside the buffer tube (1) between the open and closed ends (1A, IB).

13. The magnetic recoil buffer system according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the buffer tube (1) has at least two different wall thickness values.

14. A magnetic recoil buffer system for a firearm, comprising: a. a firearm frame (51) made of a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material;characterised in that it further comprises: b. a bolt carrier (52) which is linearly slidable in the firearm frame (51) along a guide rod (54), has a proximal end (52A) and a distal end (52B), and comprises at least one magnet (53) between these ends (52A, 52B) for generating eddy currents in the firearm frame (51) when the magnet (53) moves inside the firearm frame (51) and for damping the movement of the bolt carrier (52); c. a compression spring (55) arranged outside the guide rod (54) and secured between the distal end (52B) of the bolt carrier (52) and a static stopper (56) for damping the movement of the bolt carrier (52); d. a static stopper (56) made of a plastic or a conductive, non-ferromagnetic material, wherein the static stopper (56) is arranged at the distal end (54B) of the guide rod (54); and e. a cocking lever (57) attachable to the firearm frame (51) and comprising a guide element (58) of the cocking lever (57) made of a magnetic material for additional damping of the movement of the magnet (53) and for magnetic locking of the bolt carrier (52) of the firearm, wherein the bolt carrier (52) is linearly displaceable relative to the guide element (58) of the cocking lever (57).

15. The magnetic recoil buffer system according to claim 14, characterised in that the bolt carrier (52) comprises at least four magnets (53) with mutually orthogonal polarity, arranged in a Halbach array.

16. The magnetic recoil buffer system according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one magnet (3, 53) is arranged in contact with at least one pole piece (35) or at a distance from at least one pole piece (35).

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